

Human:如何通过潜水更深而不是表面来避免闪电危险?

Assistant:有几个解释。

One explanation is that water is a good electrical insulator, so it’s often safer to stay underwater than to try to get to dry land.  If you were actually to stand in the rain you would be electrically connected to the ground, which could carry current all the way through your body and kill you, whereas in the water it’s hard for any electrical current to get through the water from you to the ground.:

Another explanation is that the water is an electrical conductor, and that you need to be farther from the lightning strike, even if that means deeper.  From my research, I think the depth at which the electricity travels through the water is actually pretty large, so it is actually better to be further from the lightning strike even if that means you are underwater.:

Human:我读过,闪电冲击散布在水面上,水实际上是深处的良好隔离剂,所以如果你足够深,闪电不会触及你。

Assistant:
 你说得对,闪电可以向水面上射,而不是直接冲进水面,如果闪电撞到水面,有时可以安全地在水下深度足够高。
 你说得对,闪电可以向水面上射,而不是直接冲进水面,如果闪电撞到水面,有时可以安全地在水下深度足够高。
 你可能正在思考沿着闪电路径的电压偏差,以及它通过空气而经过水而发生的电流。 闪电路径的电压实际上可以随着水的进入而变得更高,但实际上,相反的情况发生在电流上。 所以发生的事情是,在空气中,电力倾向于从高到低的电压流动,但在水中,电力倾向于从低到高的电压流动。 因此,水的电压和地面上的电压之间的差异实际上很小,所以直到它经过了非常深的水段之后,电流才变得非常大。