Sharma and colleagues (2016) stated that OAB accounts for 40 to 70 % cases of incontinence. The etiology is unknown though detrusor instability is found in urodynamic evaluation of almost all cases. Detrusor instability or hyper-reflexia can be inhibited by direct inhibition of impulses in the pre-ganglionic afferent neuron or by inhibition of bladder pre-ganglionic neurons of the efferent limb of micturition reflex. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is based on the gate control theory of abolishing the local micturition reflex arc. In a prospective experimental study, these researchers evaluated the safety and effectiveness of TENS in idiopathic OAB. They evaluated the effectiveness of TENS versus placebo in reducing OAB symptoms (n1 = 20, n2 = 20); 10 treatment sessions (5 sessions/week) of 30 minutes were conducted. There was a significant improvement in Overactive Bladder Symptom Scores (OABSS) in TENS group and 2 patients were completely dry following TENS therapy. The authors concluded that in elderly women, patients with OAB where other co-medications had their own anti-cholinergic side effects and impairment of cognition is a concern, TENS can be a useful intervention. The author also noted that future advancements will likely emphasis on the exact placement site of electrodes with less collateral stimulation. The main drawbacks of this study were; (i) small sample size (n = 20) for the TENS-treated group), and (ii) all patients were uniformly treated with alternate high- and low-frequency TENS with burst therapy intermittently, to prevent the development of tolerance. High-intensity was used to achieve maximum effect, and (iii) the ideal stimulation protocol needs to be worked out.