[3]Palipehutu-FNL was established in 1980 in Tanzanian refugee camps where Hutu had fled following government-inspired violence, while CNDD-FDD was formed following the October 1993 assassination of President Melchior Ndadaye and ensuing violence. The first term in the name of each group originally referred to its political branch, the second term to its fighting force, though the distinction lost meaning over time.