The ecosystems of the site support populations of many forest birds and mammals of the Hyrcanian Region, which are significant on national, regional and global scales. To date, 180 species of birds typical of broadleaved temperate forests have been recorded in the Hyrcanian Region including Steppe Eagle, European Turtle Dove, Eastern Imperial Eagle, European Roller, Semicollared Flycatcher and Caspian Tit. Some 58 mammal species have been recorded across the region, including the Persian Leopard and the threatened wild goat. This Persian Leopard population is considered as the source population of this species and the larger Hyrcanian forested region is the only area worldwide where a population of that species can be seen as viable according to the IUCN criteria (IUCN, 2019; World Heritage Committee, 2019).