Another form of wood certification, however, has come on the scene. This kind is process-oriented, a certification of the management system rather than specific products. The Canadian Standards Association (CSA) has been a pioneer in this approach, initiated in 1996, which takes its cue from the ISO 14000 series of environmental management standards. The emphasis is on whether the certification candidate has an adequate forest management planning process in place, and on continual improvement rather than on actual eco-forestry performance. While the CSA system does have formal requirements for public participation, it has been roundly criticized by environmentalists and public interest advocates. Critics say forest managers are not required to act on the public input it receives, and in practice the CSA has certified clear-cutting in high conservation value forests and logging on indigenous peoples lands without their consent (Ozinga, 2001).