File data is often stored on Network Attached Storage. File data is typically accessed over NFS and SMB protocols. File data can be particularly difficult to migrate because of its size, volume, and richness. File data often involves a mix of large and small files – data migration techniques often do better when migrating large files but fail when migrating small files. Data migration solutions need to address a mix of large and small files and handle both efficiently. File data is also voluminous – often involving billions of files. Reliable cloud data migration solutions for file data need to be able to handle such large volumes of data efficiently. File data is also very rich and has metadata, access control permissions and hierarchies. A good file data migration solution should preserve all the metadata, access controls and directory structures. Often, migrating file data involves mapping this information from one file storage format to another. Sometimes, file data may need to be migrated to an object store. In these situations, the file metadata needs to be preserved in the object store so the data can be restored as files at a later date. Techniques such as MD5 checksums are important to ensure the data integrity of file data migrations to the cloud.