In addition, these refusals are enacting horizontal political participation based on the knowledge that neither nation-state status nor formal citizenship within a nation-state is a guarantee for food security, water, energy, creativity, and education.[6] Accordingly, they have the potential to bring into being other forms of communal existence, including a translocal municipalismo that actualizes a politics based on citizenship, not as a right granted by the state or tied to property ownership, but as a practice based on “residence and participation” (Shea Baird 2017). As journalist Natalia Muñoz Paraliticci, a speaker at an 2017 debt relief protest in Oakland, stated, “power is in people, and the in the small radius that you have around you. It’s not a matter of being a national hero, a national heroine. It’s about being a local, municipal collaborator” (Bay Area Rallies for Puerto Rico 2017).[7]