In other words, despite its frequent invocation, there is no single or homogenous diáspora puertorriqueña (Quintero 2017). Since the late nineteenth century, there have been at least six different scaled movements of people between the island and the United States, which are also internally differentiated along class, race, gender, sexuality, and other axes of difference. In addition to the post-Maria exodus (2017–present), these include political exiles and skilled workers during the last decade of the Spanish regime (1890s), early-twentieth-century skilled and unskilled workers after the US invasion (1900s–1930s), the government-sponsored mass migration of “surplus” workers (1940–1965), return migration due to US recession (1970s), and multiclass migration during the first debt crisis era (1990s–2017).