In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, Borch and associates (2017) evaluated the immediate effect on natural fill urodynamic parameters and bladder function during TENS in children with OAB and daytime UI (DUI). A total of 24 children with severe OAB and DUI (mean age of 8.5 ± 1.2 years) underwent 48-hour natural fill urodynamics. After 24 hours of baseline investigation, the children were randomized to either active continuous TENS (n = 12) or placebo TENS (n = 12) over the sacral S2-S3 outflow. The urodynamic recordings were analyzed manually for 3 different bladder contraction patterns resulting in a void. The number of bladder contractions not leading to a void was also calculated. Maximum voided volume (MVV) and average voided volume (AVV) were identified for both the baseline and the intervention day. It was found that TENS had no immediate objective effect on bladder capacity. The difference (before minus after treatment) in MVV/EBC in the active TENS group = 0.03 ± 0.23 versus placebo TENS group = -0.01 ± 0.10 (p = 0.61). Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the proportion of different bladder contraction types between the 2 groups; TENS did not significantly influence the number of bladder contractions not leading to a void. Results were presented as mean ± SD. The authors concluded that there was no immediate objective effect of TENS on bladder activity assessed by natural fill urodynamics in children with OAB and DUI.