Rosenthal, 1998). Other ZERI projects exist in Canada, Namibia, Sweden, Fiji, Columbia and Benin (Zero Emissions Research Institute (ZERI), 2003). Pauli puts great emphasis on making plantations, particularly in the tropics, into biorefineries. Currently most plantations are embodiments of monoculture, producing single products with massive volumes of waste. These same plantations could, however, provide vitamins, adhesives, oils, fibres, food, beer and much more from symbiotic processes which produce no harmful emissions. At the same time they can provide much of the planets necessary cellulosefrom fast-growing crops like bamboo, sugar cane, rattan and oil palmsaving the wasteful use of trees like spruce, pine and fir. From serious carbon dioxide generators, they can become major carbon sinks. The key to ZERIs methodology is a creative output-input visioning process which can complement the traditional pollution prevention (P2) input-output methodology. That is, finding safe and productive uses for all outputs of a process can generate unpredictable benefits and value added far beyond the efficient use of existing inputs. But this requires broad knowledge and a desire to cooperate with other producers, community stakeholders, etc. in order to realize the optimal productivity of not just the firm, but of the surrounding community and ecosystem (Pauli, 1998). The benefits of plant-based production can only be fully realized by the application of ecological design principles to production systems. As Tibbs argued above, a focus of green product stewardship would be to get the most out of a relatively small set of benign materials, using clusters of production that could be interlocked ecosystem-style. It is this collaborative organization that would allow the use of plantbased materials to almost completely detoxify the manufacturing process.