Sotomayor and Bernal (2005) published longer follow-up findings of their 2003 study. They reported that significant incontinence episode frequency reduction was demonstrated by 3 of 4 treatment groups. They also noted that RF micro-remodeling demonstrated 12-month safety, quality of life improvement, and incontinence episode frequency reduction. No one treatment group demonstrated clear superiority in efficacy outcomes. Moreover, the authors stated that this pilot study had a number of limitations and weakness, namely, the trial was uncontrolled, and there were few subjects in any one treatment group. Also, diagnosis and follow-up evaluation lacked urodynamic testing.