project must be far more conscious and comprehensive than previous industrial regulationas evidenced in new rules to implement extended producer responsibility (EPR). Even though it would be less deterministic and more flexible, planning would have to be ever more pervasive. The state cannot do it all alone. Partly because of the complexity of postindustrial economies, and partly because of the positive regenerative character of the production required, external control-oriented regulation cannot work. Social and environmental values must be embedded in everyday enterprise. For this reason, postindustrial regulationeven EPRhas to go beyond the state. It must not only affect but, in many cases, be administered by civil society. Current examples of non-state forms of self-regulation, grounded within industries and communities [which some academics now call surrogate regulation (Gunningham, Phillipson, & Grabosky, 1999)], include organic food, green energy, wood and building certification systems. This grounding of postindustrial regulation within civil society is one expression of a potential transition from representative to direct democracywith the community, rather than the federal state, becoming the nexus of accountability. As discussed in Designing the Green Economy, this would involve new forms of political governance, including green municipalism, citizen assemblies, and network-basedas opposed to party-basedrepresentation. This should parallel a growing incorporation of social and ecological values into market relations.