Contract negotiations on both sides of the border with GM in 1984 brought divisions between the UAW leadership in Detroit and its Canadian section to a head. In the concessions contract negotiated for American GM workers by UAW President Owen Bieber, the UAW agreed to meager lump sum payments instead of the traditional wage increase, established a corporatist network of labour-management committees to oversee speed-up, and granted new give-backs to the company on job security provisions. The agreement met militant resistance from the membership but eventually was ratified by a narrow margin.