Yet, in defiance of these emptying tropes, many Puerto Ricans are enacting diverse scenarios of “refusal,” to use anthropologist Audra Simpson’s term (2014), which are not hinged to traditional or party politics. Unlike some of the praxis theorized by Simpson in her work on Mohawk polities, Puerto Rican refusals often implode notions of territory, nationality, and sovereignty as groups and communities politically identify in multiple ways and mobilize heterogeneous resources. These refusals, however, do partake in a key aspect of Simpson’s (2014, 2) formulation: the refusal “to let go of” group knowledge and imaginings, even if these may not only be diverse and translocal but also internally contested.