Phe and colleagues (2014) described the minimally invasive adjustable continence therapy (ACT) balloon placement surgical technique and analyzed the results of ACT balloon in the treatment for female SUI. A review of the literature was performed by searching the PubMed database using the following search terms: ACT balloons, female urinary incontinence, and female continence. A total of 8 studies were published between 2007 and 2013. The mean follow-up of these studies was 1 to 6 years. The mean age of the patients ranged between 62 and 73 years; 40 to 100 % of patients had already been treated surgically for their SUI. A significant reduction in the number of pads used per day was observed after ACT balloon placement, with improvement of short pad tests from 49.6 to 77.3 g pre-operatively to 11.2 to 25.7 g after ACT balloon placement; 15 to 44 % of patients considered that their SUI had been cured and 66 to 78.4 % were satisfied with the result. The explantation rate ranged between 18.7 and 30.8 %. Quality of life was significantly improved, and no major complication was reported. The authors concluded that ACT balloons constitute a reasonable, minimally invasive alternative for the treatment for female SUI due to intrinsic sphincter disorder, especially in patients who have already experienced failure of standard surgical treatment and in clinical settings incompatible with invasive surgical placement of an artificial urinary sphincter (especially women over the age of 80 years). Moreover, they stated that long-term results are essential to evaluate the effectiveness of this treatment.