The researchers identified the following as risk factors: "Among women overtime work, high mental workload, and unsatisfactory leisure time were associated with disorders in the neck-shoulder region. Interaction was found between high mental workload and unsatisfactory leisure time. Neck symptoms earlier in life were associated with recurrent disorders. Hand and wrist disorders were associated with mainly with physical demands at work. Among men, blue collar work and a simultaneous presence of high mental workload predicted disorders in the neck-should region."