Pet. 511; Murphy v. Ramsey, 114 U. S. 15; Mormon Church v. United States, 136 U. S. 1, 136 U. S. 42, 136 U. S. 43; Downes v. Bidwell, 182 U. S. 244; Hawaii v. Mankichi, 190 U. S. 197. This case does not call for a discussion of the limitations of such power, nor require determination of the question whether the jeopardy clause became the law of the islands after the ratification of the treaty without Congressional action, as the act of Congress made it the law of these possessions when the accused was tried and convicted.