managerial capitalism. Not incidentally, this was also the era of state socialist industrialism in Eastern Europe. The legitimization of the market system required that this new post-Depression integration maintain a faade of political separation and market autonomy. In any case, this politicization was not in itself sufficient to remedy the chronic crisis of effective demand. Labour agreements, public works, and social safety nets were part of the new arrangements, but they did not guarantee enough demand. New forms of money and credit would help, but another element was necessary to provide demandwaste. War industry and suburbanization were the main pillars of the North American waste economy, and in tandem with Keynesian monetary policy, they were quite successful in helping create and sustain a 25-year long economic boom in North America. The Fordist system started coming unglued in the 1970s due to a number of factorsthe most important being the burden of waste, growing transnational corporate power, inter-capitalist competition, and technological change. Fordisms problems gave impetus to a growing chorus of criticism of regulation itself, or what its critics called command-and-control. The question remains, however, as to whether the integration of politics went too far, or whether it hasnt gone far enough.