Bronwyn Hayward encourages environmental education, "beginning with direct environmental experience, locating the sites for effective citizen action in local places and valued communities. It encourages citizens to develop attachment to natural places, outdoor environments or sacred sites of cultural value. Opportunities for citizens to form deep attachment to places and ecosystems can occur through tribal, family or personal links, from informal ways such as childhood exploration and play through to more formal activities. Pleasurable outdoor activity offers important insights and sparks interest in the environment."