abuse existed, and should be avoided by greater international cooperation. This potential is greatest in the cases where the label standards included criteria related to the production phase of products, like water and air pollution. Most eco-labelling systems have focused on characteristics like recycled content and disposal-phase concerns (Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD), 1998). Because so much production today is international in character, expanding the scope of environmental assessment to the full life-cycle of materials inevitably creates international economic challenges. And concerns with production will certainly increase as LCA increasingly becomes the basis for product evaluation.