Combination treatment Combinations of therapies have been explored to address the complex interaction between inflammation, angiogenesis, and fibrosis that are thought to play a role in the limited success of the single agents currently available. Trials exploring the use of combination therapies (eg, RADICAL [Reduced Fluence Visudyne-Anti-VEGF-Dexamethasone in Combination for AMD Lesions] and DENALI [Safety and Efficacy of Verteporfin PDT Administered in Conjunction With Ranibizumab Versus Ranibizumab Monotherapy in Patients With Subfoveal CNV Secondary to AMD]) found that adding PDT to ranibizumab reduced re-treatment rates compared with ranibizumab mono-therapy. However, visual outcomes were inferior to monotherapy. Combination strategy appeared beneficial in some cases of PCV recalcitrant to anti-VEGF therapy. Adding radiation to ranibizumab therapy may also reduce the injection burden, but again, visual outcomes were inferior to monotherapy.