Hi David, thanks for your response. I agree that using those techniques greatly bring an advantage in facing someone who has only one intent in mind. To hurt you and hurt you BADLY! I found this out when i was a police officer assisting with an arrest at a beer party. While handcuffing a biker, i got blindsided with a kick to the jaw, by another biker wearing steel toe boots. The arrested biker was fighting us on the ground. The kick was powerful enough that i was knocked unconscious, sustained severe whiplash injuries to my neck and eight molars were completely shattered. During their career some officers begin martial arts training, to hopefully give them an advantage, while performing their duties. The problem is that martial arts are not designed for that purpose. They are based on the principles of self defense. When used for self protection, an officer can have a great advantage, in dealing with combatants. But from my own experience, those same techniques just don’t work in apprehending individuals. Trying to restrain and handcuff even a smaller and weaker person can almost be impossible for one officer, unless that officer uses force that may have the potential for injury to the suspect. This is why law enforcement implements such as pepper spray and tazer were developed, so that the officer will have the means to do his or her job hopefully, without causing injury. But there are those times when the same law enforcement tools don’t work. And when those times do arise, then the officer must do what is necessary so that he or she will return home to their family at the end of watch. As an old police officer’s saying goes when having to use force and its ramifications for the officer: ” I would rather be tried by twelve than carried by six.” Take care David. Doug.