The mean annual temperature has already increased and the annual precipitation has decreased in the property, which have resulted in habitat changes such as vegetation moving up on the mountain slopes (State Party of Iran, 2018). The boundaries of the property are extending beyond the tree line and encompassing the abrupt transition towards the dry-lands of the Irano-Turanian biogeographical region (State Party of Iran, 2018). These ecotones could potentially enhance the property's future resilience (e.g. changes of the tree line) to climate change (State Party of Iran, 2018). On the other hand, mountainous ecosystems have small surface areas available for such upward movement and since the Hyrcanian forests are a narrow strip, climate change could trigger a large habitat loss (Alavi et al., 2019).