I don’t know what sort of case Raphael Lataster presents in his latest book, but I have read his previous book, Jesus Did Not Exist, which I found completely unconvincing. His interpretation of Paul strikes me as so implausible that only the most solid evidence would suffice to establish his view. Needless to say, such evidence is not to be found, and particularly not in 1 Cor. 2:8. The most that could be said is that the “rulers” *might* be supernatural beings. But would even that pose a serious problem for a historicist interpretation? If one or more actors in a drama are supernatural beings, does it necessarily imply that the other actors are also supernatural beings?