of eco-service is the energy service company, or ESCO, which carries out renovation and retrofit work on buildings. An ESCO doesnt sell you energy, but sells you energy savings, which amounts to the same thingexcept that it does this for free since all the ESCO wants is a cut of the savings. These service enterprises prefigure greater potentials. But for an entire economy to displace material accumulation with a service approach is a much more difficult proposition. Industrialism has always been based in growth and expansion. By its very nature, capitalism is focused, first and foremost, on exchange-value, the accumulation of money or capital. Any production of use-value (including what we would call service or end-use) is, by definition, a spin-off, by-product, or trickle-down of the accumulation process. Under industrialism, monetary accumulation has been closely connected with material accumulation and with production-for-productions-sake. We solve our access needs by mass-producing cars for profit; we solve our nutrition needs by mass-producing chemicalized near-food for profit; we meet our needs for shelter by mass-producing subdivisions and condominiums for profit, and so on. This has proven to be an incredibly wasteful, circuitous and often inadequate way of meeting human needs. By contrast, a service approach is one where we begin with the specific service-need in question, and work backwards to meet this need in the most elegant and efficient ways. Most defenders of free enterprise would argue that this direct targeting of need reeks of socialism and would put too many limitations on freedom and the profit-motive. The effectiveness of an eco-service economy, however, would not depend on a centralized state, but rather on a comprehensive revamping of the economys incentives