There is evidence that percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) (Urgent PC Neuromodulation System, Uroplasty, Inc., Minneapolis, MN) is an effective treatment for chronic non-neurogenic urinary voiding dysfunctions (e.g., overactive bladder/urge incontinence) in persons who have failed conservative treatments. In general, 3 to 12 treatments (once weekly) with PTNS are needed for symptom relief. If a patient fails to improve after 12 PTNS treatments, further treatments are unlikely to be effective.