text: 布拉拉語(Burarra)是阿納姆地一種由布拉拉族使用的澳大利亞原住民語言，有幾種方言。詹古語人群中有個布拉拉部落，時常會和布拉拉語混淆。分類.布拉拉語不是帕馬-恩永甘語系語言。它與古爾-戈尼語等幾種語言構成布拉拉語族。分佈.布拉拉族來自阿納姆地中部和中北部的Blyth和Cadell河流域，但目前更多人住在更西邊利物浦河河口的的曼寧立達鎮。方言.Glasgow (1994)分出3種方言：Gun-nartpa (來自Cadell河流域的Mu-golarra/Mukarli族群)、Gun-narta (Blythe河河口西側An-barra)和Gun-narda (Blythe河東岸Martay)。這些名稱都來自方言的指示代詞“那”。她還註釋道後兩個方言(Gun-narta和Gun-narda) 常被劃到一起，並被其東部鄰接族群稱為“布拉拉”，自稱則是“Gu-jingarliya”(“語言/用舌頭”)。Green (1987)分出2種方言：Gun-nartpa和布拉拉話(Gu-jingarliya)，但註釋道布拉拉話使用者中存在顯著的方言差異。音系.子音.多數情況下塞音的強弱分別對應清濁。這種情況下，塞音透過口內壓峰值和持阻時間區分。強子音的持阻一般更長，口內壓也更高，弱子音則有擦音或近音的自由變體。母音.布拉拉語有5個母音。母音可以實現為：/i/：半閉前母音[e]或[ɪ]/a/：開央母音或schwa/ɛ/：[ɛ]或[e]/o/：[o]或[ɔ]/u/：schwa，半開後圓唇母音[ö]的低化，或[ʊ]語法.布拉拉語是一種字首綜合語。動詞可以透過字首實現主語和賓語之間的互指，有時和語態的屈折。有幾個動詞可以表達體、複合動作和使役。名詞有變格，有4個類(an-、jin-、mun-和gun-)。閱讀更多.Capell, A. 1942. Languages of Arnhem Land, North Australia. "Oceania"," 12" (4), 364-392.Elwell, Vanessa. 1977. Multilingualism and lingua francas among Australian Aborigines: A case study of Maningrida. Honours Thesis, Australian National University.Elwell, Vanessa. 1982. Some social factors affecting multilingualism among Aboriginal Australians: a case study of Maningrida. "International Journal of the Sociology of Language" 36: 83-103.Glasgow, Kathleen. 1981. Burarra phonemes. In "Work papers of SIL-AAB, series A" (Vol. 5). Darwin: Summer Institute of Linguistics.Glasgow, Kathleen. 1994. Burarra–Gun-nartpa dictionary with English finder list. Darwin: Summer Institute of Linguistics.Green, Rebecca. 1987. A sketch grammar of Burarra. Honours Thesis, Australian National University Canberra.Green, R. 2003. Proto Maningrida within Proto Arnhem: evidence from verbal inflectional suffixes. In N. Evans (Ed.), "The non-Pama-Nyungan languages of Northern Australia: comparative studies of the continent's most linguistically complex region "(pp. 369–421). Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.Handelsmann, Robert. 1996. Needs Survey of Community Languages: Central Arnhem Land, Northern Territory (Maningrida and Outstations). Report to the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission, Canberra.Trefry, D. (1983). Discerning the back vowels /u/ and /o/ in Burarra, a language of the Australian Northern Territory. "Working papers of the Speech and Language Research Centre"," 3" (6), pp. 19–51.
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metadata: 布拉拉語
metadata: https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7512601