answers: oncogene
context: can be inherited by daughter cells following cell division. Alterations of DNA methylation have been recognized as an important component of cancer development. Hypomethylation, in general, arises earlier and is linked to chromosomal instability and loss of imprinting, whereas hypermethylation is associated with promoters and can arise secondary to gene (oncogene suppressor) silencing, but might be a target for epigenetic therapy. Global hypomethylation has also been implicated in the development and progression of cancer through different mechanisms. Typically, there is hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes and hypomethylation of oncogenes. Generally, in progression to cancer, hundreds of genes are silenced or </s> cancer. A mutated "BRCA" gene can be inherited from either parent. Because they are inherited from the parents, they are classified as "hereditary" or "germline mutations" rather than "acquired" or "somatic mutations". Cancer caused by a mutated gene inherited from an individual's parents is a "hereditary cancer" rather than a "sporadic cancer". Because humans have a diploid genome, each cell has two copies of the gene (one from each biological parent). Typically only one copy contains a disabling, inherited mutation, so the affected person is heterozygous for the mutation. If the functional copy is harmed, however, then the cell is </s> apoptosis, karyotypic disarray, and the occasional (10) emergence of an immortalized cell that can double without limit. Most tumor cells are immortalized. The counting device for cell doublings is the telomere, which decreases in size (loses nucleotides at the ends of chromosomes) during each cell cycle. About 85% of cancers upregulate telomerase to extend their telomeres and the remaining 15% use a method called the Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres. Normal tissues of the body have blood vessels running through them that deliver oxygen from the lungs. Cells must be close to the blood vessels to get enough oxygen for them
question: 1 . a normal gene that if mutated can lead to cancer is called a ( n )