answers: Hippocratic Oath
context: Hippocratic Oath The Hippocratic Oath is an oath historically taken by physicians. It is one of the most widely known of Greek medical texts. In its original form, it requires a new physician to swear, by a number of healing Gods, to uphold specific ethical standards. The Oath is the earliest expression of medical ethics in the Western world, establishing several principles of medical ethics which remain of paramount significance today. These include the principles of medical confidentiality and non-maleficence. As the seminal articulation of certain principles that continue to guide and inform medical practice, the ancient text is of </s> is still used in Yunani medicine, a form of traditional medicine practiced in India. The English title "The Canon of Medicine" is a translation of the Arabic title (), with "Canon" used in the sense of "law". The word Canon derives from the cognate Arabic original Qanun (the English word "canon" comes from Latin canōn, from Ancient Greek κανών ("kanón", "measuring rod, standard"), while the Arabic "qanun" comes directly from the same Ancient Greek root). The medical traditions of Galen and thereby Hippocrates, had dominated Islamic medicine from its beginnings. Avicenna sought to fit these traditions into Aristotle's natural philosophy. </s> exams were required and only qualified physicians were allowed to practice medicine. The birth of pharmacy as an independent, well-defined profession was established in the early ninth century by Muslim scholars. Al-Biruni states that "pharmacy became independent from medicine as language and syntax are separate from composition, the knowledge of prosody from poetry, and logic from philosophy, for it [pharmacy] is an aid [to medicine] rather than a servant". Sabur (d. 869) wrote the first text on pharmacy. During the medieval time period Hippocratic treaties became used widespread by medieval physicians, due the treaties practical form as well as their
question: the earliest written code of ethical principles of medicine is called the