يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا جَاءكُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَاتُ مُهَاجِرَاتٍ فَامْتَحِنُوهُنَّ اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِإِيمَانِهِنَّ فَإِنْ عَلِمْتُمُوهُنَّ مُؤْمِنَاتٍ فَلَا تَرْجِعُوهُنَّ إِلَى الْكُفَّارِ لَا هُنَّ حِلٌّ لَّهُمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحِلُّونَ لَهُنَّ وَآتُوهُم مَّا أَنفَقُوا وَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ أَن تَنكِحُوهُنَّ إِذَا آتَيْتُمُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ وَلَا تُمْسِكُوا بِعِصَمِ الْكَوَافِرِ وَاسْأَلُوا مَا أَنفَقْتُمْ وَلْيَسْأَلُوا مَا أَنفَقُوا ذَلِكُمْ حُكْمُ اللَّهِ يَحْكُمُ بَيْنَكُمْ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ{10} وَإِن فَاتَكُمْ شَيْءٌ مِّنْ أَزْوَاجِكُمْ إِلَى الْكُفَّارِ فَعَاقَبْتُمْ فَآتُوا الَّذِينَ ذَهَبَتْ أَزْوَاجُهُم مِّثْلَ مَا أَنفَقُوا وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ الَّذِي أَنتُم بِهِ مُؤْمِنُونَ{11}الممتحنة.متى نزلت هذه الآيات الكريمة . اشرحها .
بعد صلح الحديبية ."يا أيها الذين صدَّقوا الله ورسوله وعملوا بشرعه, إذا جاءكم النساء المؤمنات مهاجرات من دار الكفر إلى دار الإسلام, فاختبروهن؛ لتعلموا صدق إيمانهن, الله أعلم بحقيقة إيمانهن, فإن علمتموهن مؤمنات بحسب ما يظهر لكم من العلامات والبينات, فلا تردُّوهن إلى أزواجهن الكافرين, فالنساء المؤمنات لا يحلُّ لهن أن يتزوجن الكفار, ولا يحلُّ للكفار أن يتزوجوا المؤمنات, وأعطوا أزواج اللاتي أسلمن مثل ما أنفقوا عليهن من المهور, ولا إثم عليكم أن تتزوجوهن إذا دفعتم لهنَّ مهورهن. ولا تمسكوا بنكاح أزواجكم الكافرات, واطلبوا من المشركين ما أنفقتم من مهور نسائكم اللاتي ارتددن عن الإسلام ولحقن بهم, وليطلبوا هم ما أنفقوا من مهور نسائهم المسلمات اللاتي أسلمن ولحقن بكم, ذلكم الحكم المذكور في الآية هو حكم الله يحكم به بينكم فلا تخالفوه. والله عليم لا يخفى عليه شيء, حكيم في أقواله وأفعاله. وإن لحقت بعض زوجاتكم مرتدات إلى الكفار, ولم يعطكم الكفار مهورهن التي دفعتموها لهن, ثم ظَفِرتم بهؤلاء الكفار أو غيرهم وانتصرتم عليهم, فأعطوا الذين ذهبت أزواجهم من المسلمين من الغنائم أو غيرها مثل ما أعطوهن من المهور قبل ذلك, وخافوا الله الذي أنتم به مؤمنون."
سبب نزول الآية
After the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, 'O you who believe in Allah and His Messenger and work righteousness, when believing women come to you as emigrants from the disbelievers, examine them. Allah knows their faith, so if you know them to be believers, do not send them back to the disbelievers. It is not lawful for the believing women to marry disbelievers, nor for the disbelievers to marry the believing women. Give the believing women their dowries as agreed upon, and there is no blame on you if you marry them after paying them their dowries. Do not retain your disbelieving wives if you have knowledge that they will not return to the faith. And ask the disbelievers for what you have spent on your wives, and let them ask for what they have spent. That is the judgment of Allah, He will judge between you. And fear Allah, Allah is Knower of all things.'
Occasion of Revelation
O you who believe, when believing women flee from their disbelieving families and seek refuge with you, examine them. Allah is most knowing of their faith. If you know them to be believers, do not return them to the disbelievers. They are not lawful for them, nor are the disbelievers lawful for them. Give them what they have spent, and no blame will be upon you if you marry them when you have given them their due. And do not retain them by force or take them as disbelievers. And ask for what you have spent, and let them ask for what they have spent. That is the judgment of Allah; He judges between you. And Allah is Knowing and Wise. (10) And if any of your wives have gone from you to the disbelievers and then return to you, do not prevent them from returning, if they have not already left their homes or committed adultery. And give to the ones who have left what they have spent, and you should ask for what you have spent, and it is no sin for you to marry them if you have given them their due. And do not retain them by force or take them as disbelievers. And whoever does that has disobeyed Allah, and for such there is a painful punishment. (11) When was this noble verse revealed? Explain it.
Quran Surah 60 Ayah 10:
O Believers! When The Believing Women Come To You As Emigrants, Examine Them Thoroughly. Allah Is Well Aware Of (The Reality Of) Their Faith. Then If You Find With Certitude That They Are True Believers, Do Not Send Them Back To The Disbelievers. Neither Are They (The Believing Women) Lawful For Those Disbelievers, Nor Are Those Disbelievers Lawful For These (Believing Women). And Pay Them (The Disbelievers) Back The Money Which They Spent (On Them As Dower). And There Is No Sin On You If You Marry Them Whilst You Pay These (Women) Their Dower. And, O Believers, Do Not Hold Back The Disbelieving Women In (Your) Wedlock, And Ask (The Disbelievers) For That (Money) Which You Spent (On Those Women As Dower), And They (The Disbelievers) May Also Ask You For That (Money) Which They Spent (On These Women As Dower). That Is The Command Of Allah. And He Judges Between You. And Allah Is All-Knowing, Most Wise.

Quran Surah 60 Ayah 11:
And If Any Of Your Wives Deserts You And Goes Over To The Disbelievers, Then (When) You Become Dominant In War And Gain Spoils, Pay (Out Of It) Those Whose Wives Deserted Them As Much (Money) As They Paid (To Them As Dower). And Keep Fearing Allah In Whom You Believe.
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