لمن يعطى من المال الذي أفاءه الله تعالى على رسوله صلى الله عليه وسلم ؟
ما أفاءه الله على رسوله من أموال مشركي أهل القرى من غير ركوب خيل ولا إبل فلله ولرسوله, يُصْرف في مصالح المسلمين العامة, ولذي قرابة رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، واليتامى, وهم الأطفال الفقراء الذين مات آباؤهم, والمساكين, وهم أهل الحاجة والفقر, وابن السبيل, وهو الغريب المسافر الذي نَفِدت نفقته وانقطع عنه ماله؛ وذلك حتى لا يكون المال ملكًا متداولا بين الأغنياء وحدهم, ويحرم منه الفقراء والمساكين. وما أعطاكم الرسول من مال, أو شرعه لكم مِن شرع, فخذوه, وما نهاكم عن أَخْذه أو فِعْله فانتهوا عنه, واتقوا الله بامتثال أوامره وترك نواهيه. إن الله شديد العقاب لمن عصاه وخالف أمره ونهيه. والآية أصل في وجوب العمل بالسنة: قولا أو فعلا أو تقريرًا. وكذلك يُعطى من المال الذي أفاءه الله على رسوله الفقراء المهاجرون, الذين اضطرهم كفار مكة إلى الخروج من ديارهم وأموالهم يطلبون من الله أن يتفضل عليهم بالرزق في الدنيا والرضوان في الآخرة, وينصرون دين الله ورسوله بالجهاد في سبيل الله, أولئك هم الصادقون الذين صدَّقوا قولهم بفعلهم. والذين استوطنوا المدينة, وآمنوا من قبل هجرة المهاجرين -وهم الأنصار- يحبون المهاجرين, ويواسونهم بأموالهم, ولا يجدون في أنفسهم حسدًا لهم مما أُعْطوا من مال الفيء وغيره, ويُقَدِّمون المهاجرين وذوي الحاجة على أنفسهم, ولو كان بهم حاجة وفقر, ومن سَلِم من البخل ومَنْعِ الفضل من المال فأولئك هم الفائزون الذين فازوا بمطلوبهم. والذين جاؤوا من المؤمنين من بعد الأنصار والمهاجرين الأولين يقولون: ربنا اغفر لنا ذنوبنا, واغفر لإخواننا في الدين الذين سبقونا بالإيمان, ولا تجعل في قلوبنا حسدًا وحقدًا لأحد من أهل الإيمان, ربنا إنك رؤوف بعبادك, رحيم بهم. وفي الآية دلالة على أنه ينبغي للمسلم أن يذكر سلفه بخير, ويدعو لهم, وأن يحب صحابة رسول الله, صلى الله عليه وسلم، ويذكرهم بخير, ويترضى عنهم.مَّا أَفَاء اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْقُرَى فَلِلَّهِ وَلِلرَّسُولِ وَلِذِي الْقُرْبَى وَالْيَتَامَى وَالْمَسَاكِينِ وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ كَيْ لَا يَكُونَ دُولَةً بَيْنَ الْأَغْنِيَاء مِنكُمْ وَمَا آتَاكُمُ الرَّسُولُ فَخُذُوهُ وَمَا نَهَاكُمْ عَنْهُ فَانتَهُوا وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ شَدِيدُ الْعِقَابِ{7} لِلْفُقَرَاء الْمُهَاجِرِينَ الَّذِينَ أُخْرِجُوا مِن دِيارِهِمْ وَأَمْوَالِهِمْ يَبْتَغُونَ فَضْلاً مِّنَ اللَّهِ وَرِضْوَاناً وَيَنصُرُونَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ أُوْلَئِكَ هُمُ الصَّادِقُونَ{8} وَالَّذِينَ تَبَوَّؤُوا الدَّارَ وَالْإِيمَانَ مِن قَبْلِهِمْ يُحِبُّونَ مَنْ هَاجَرَ إِلَيْهِمْ وَلَا يَجِدُونَ فِي صُدُورِهِمْ حَاجَةً مِّمَّا أُوتُوا وَيُؤْثِرُونَ عَلَى أَنفُسِهِمْ وَلَوْ كَانَ بِهِمْ خَصَاصَةٌ وَمَن يُوقَ شُحَّ نَفْسِهِ فَأُوْلَئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ{9} وَالَّذِينَ جَاؤُوا مِن بَعْدِهِمْ يَقُولُونَ رَبَّنَا اغْفِرْ لَنَا وَلِإِخْوَانِنَا الَّذِينَ سَبَقُونَا بِالْإِيمَانِ وَلَا تَجْعَلْ فِي قُلُوبِنَا غِلّاً لِّلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا رَبَّنَا إِنَّكَ رَؤُوفٌ رَّحِيمٌ{10}الحشر
الفيء
Whatever Allah has given to His messenger from the wealth of the disbelievers of the towns, it is for Allah, His messenger, the relatives, the orphans, the poor, and the traveler, so that it does not become a perpetual property of the rich among you. And whatever the messenger gives you, take it, and whatever he forbids you, abstain from it, and fear Allah. Indeed, Allah is severe in penalty. The poor emigrants who were expelled from their homes and properties, seeking the favor and pleasure of Allah and supporting Allah and His messenger, are the truthful ones. And those who settled in the land before them, loving those who immigrated to them and not finding in their hearts any desire for what they have been given, and preferring others over themselves, even if they were in need, and those who guard against greed, they are the successful ones. And those who came after them say, 'Our Lord, forgive us and our brothers who preceded us in faith, and do not place in our hearts any resentment towards those who have believed. Our Lord, indeed You are Kind, Merciful.'
The first harvest
To whom does one give the money that Allah has bestowed upon His messenger, peace be upon him?
Quran Surah 59 Ayah 7:
And Whatever (Materials Of Fay—Spoils) Allah Restored To His Messenger ([Blessings And Peace Be Upon Him] Taking Out) From The People Of (The Towns Captured Without War In Addition To Those Of Qurayza, Nadir, Fadak, Khaybar And ‘Urayna) Belong To Allah And His Messenger (Blessings And Peace Be Upon Him) And (The Messenger’S) Near Relatives (I.E., Banu Hashim And Banu ‘Abd Al-Muttalib) And The Orphans And The Needy And The Wayfarer (Of Society At Large. This Distribution System Is To Ensure) That (The Whole Wealth) May Not Circulate (Only) Amongst The Rich Of You (But Should Circulate Amongst All The Classes Of Society). And Whatever The Messenger (Blessings And Peace Be Upon Him) Gives You, Take That And Whatever He Forbids You, Abstain (From That) And Keep Fearing Allah (I.E., Never Scoff At The Messenger’S Distribution And Award). Surely, Allah Is Severe To Punish.

Quran Surah 59 Ayah 8:
(The Fore-Mentioned Fay Materials) Are (Also) For The Poor Emigrants Who Are Driven Out Of Their Houses And Possessions (And Properties). They Seek Allah’S Bounty And His Favour And Pleasure. And They Help Allah And His Messenger ([Blessings And Peace Be Upon Him] By Sacrificing Their Possessions And Homeland). It Is They Who Are The True Believers.

Quran Surah 59 Ayah 9:
(These Spoils Are For Those Ansar [Supporters] As Well) Who Had Taken The City (Of Medina) And The Faith As Their Home Before (The Emigrants Came). They Love Those Who Have Come To Them As Emigrants, And Do Not Feel Any Need (Or Niggardly Feeling) In Their Hearts Pertaining To That (Wealth) Which Is Given To The Emigrants, And Prefer Them To Themselves, Even Though They May Themselves Be In Dire Need. And He Who Is Saved From The Miserliness Of His (Ill-Commanding) Self, It Is They Who Are Successful And Victorious.

Quran Surah 59 Ayah 10:
And Those (Too) Who Came After These (Emigrants And The Ansar [Supporters]) Submit: ‘O Our Lord, Forgive Us And Our Brothers Who Have Preceded In Embracing Faith. And Let Not Any Spite And Rancour Be In Our Hearts Against The Believers. O Our Lord, Surely, You Are Most Clement, Ever-Merciful.’
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