Well, it's a heck of a lot more. So the total incentive package, when you include some training grants and other things like that, is $7 million over 10 years that they're being offered now. What critics are complaining about is that it appears from a certain perspective that the state is essentially rewarding Carrier, even as it ships some of the jobs to Mexico anyway. From another perspective, they're retaining, you know, a thousand jobs at least. And those jobs do produce revenue for the state through state income taxes and sales tax, and the state would argue that it - and Mike Pence would argue - that they come out ahead still on that.

I'm wondering if that doesn't make sense to you, given the fact that if those employers just left the state, there'd be no tax revenue for the state of Indiana to tap, and even more people losing jobs.

This is the gray area of economic development. You know, how many of these workers would find other jobs in this state?And in terms of these incentives, you know, these don't even appear to be the primary factor in Carrier's decision to keep these jobs here.

Is it felt that the most persuasive argument was the fact that United Technologies, which is the parent company of Carrier is a federal contractor and needs to have good relations with the federal government, which Mr.  Trump's about to head?

turn 1 : The state is trying to make the best out of a bad situation by providing incentives to Carrier, even though it will still be shipping jobs to Mexico.

How is the state responding to Carrier's decision to relocate jobs to Mexico?

Answer: Incentives


Well, I think one of my roles - at least the way I pretty much defined my life and work for 35 years in the academy and was quite lucky in serendipitous ways began teaching at Yale at the time of the moment that's now considered, I guess, the revolutionary moment at Yale with the Black Panthers and Bobby Seale and Erica Huggins and others.

So, I always saw a kind of resistive undercurrent in the university even at its Ivy League level. And I've tried to identify myself in the academy with that resistive undercurrent. And I've tried to maintain an integrity of my public appearances and what I write that never refuses to look at the fact that racism, in my estimation, is more rampant in the United States and globally than ever before.

One can say is the glass half-full or half-empty. I think that's mere casuistry. It seems to me that the glass is empty for the majority of Americans now, not just black Americans, and it's not near any liquid refreshments source that I know of, the foreclosures, the economics of the present time, the war.

It seems to me that Henry Louis Gates Jr.  and Cornel West made a deliberate turn at a certain point in their career and decided, in the case of Mr.  Gates for example, that he was not going to do another profoundly brilliant book in his…

Well, professor, I'm sorry, we have to wrap this up. There's a lot there, but thank you so much, Professor Baker.

turn 1 : And I've tried to identify myself in the academy with that resistive undercurrent." Implicated meaning: The speaker aligns themselves with the idea of resisting systems of oppression and inequality within the academic world.

How does the speaker define their role in the academy?

Answer: Resistive


You have an exchange in this book that you quote with Ed Crane, who's head of the Cato Institute. And I want you to get to talk about the substance of that, but I also - I have to begin by saying there's a part of me that's thinking, I wouldn't imagine two people less likely to be in friendly communication than Ralph Nader and Ed Crane.

Well.

But I'd be wrong.

Look what he told me. He said, Ralph, I'm against all corporate subsidies. I'm against unconstitutional wars. I oppose the Patriot Act. And I think the Federal Reserve is running amok. I said, Ed, that's a pretty good start.

turn 2 : The actual meaning of turn (3) is different from its literal meaning. The speaker, B, is expressing surprise at the idea of Ralph Nader and Ed Crane being in friendly communication, despite their ideological differences.

How is PersonB feeling about the relationship between Ralph Nader and Ed Crane?

Answer: Surprise


Well, the committee report - it's not unexpected - but the draft reports thus far says that the impeachment committee believes Democratic Governor Rod Blagojevich has abused his power. Quoting from the report, "The citizens of this state must have confidence that the governor will faithfully serve the people and put their interests before his own. It is with profound regret that the committee finds that our current governor has not done so. "

It's quite voluminous. It's 60 pages or so of documentation of things beyond just what the federal prosecutor in Chicago has alleged that the governor has done, many reasons to impeach him beyond just the alleged criminal activity that he has been arrested and charged with.

Now, is there a rush to do this before - to possibly impeach the governor before Mr.  Burris would be seated as the junior senator from Illinois?

The report is drafted without Burris' testimony. To consider, they would add it to it, I suppose, if he says something remarkable this afternoon. But they seemed to feel that they have enough evidence to move forward with the impeachment. The rush is really to just get him out of office before they have to grapple with a huge budget deficit here in the state of Illinois. The relationship between the Legislature and the governor has been dysfunctional for quite some time, and it's only gotten worse since his arrest last month.

turn 0 : The governor has abused his power according to the impeachment committee, which is not surprising given the current situation.

What did the impeachment committee find regarding the governor?

Answer: Abuse


It's the most remarkable story of evil coming out of Russia that I've seen in a long time. And what it shows is that they're not just messing with the election in the United States or doping in the Olympics. But they've got their tentacles into just about everything everywhere. This is one story that shows that.

I have to ask you, Mr.  Browder, there are plenty of people - and we hear from them - who are skeptical about Russia being seen at the center of so many allegations. And they say the U. S.  and the West are just crawling back into a destructive Cold War mentality. How do you answer that?

Well, I mean, Russia was responsible for shooting down MH17. Russia was responsible for invading Ukraine. Russia is responsible for taking away the chemical weapons in Syria that they didn't take away. Russia was responsible for having honest athletes in the Olympics when they did the whole doping program. I mean, Russia is the one who is making the trouble. Russia is really a sort of a nonentity when it comes to - the economy is the size of the state of New York. Their military budget is 5 percent of the U. S.  military budget. We shouldn't even be thinking about Russia other than the fact that they're sort of putting their nose into every bit of terrible activity all over the world.

Quick question - but it's important to get along, isn't it?

turn 0 : got their tentacles implies that Russia is involved and manipulative in many different aspects of foreign affairs

Which country is implied to be involved and manipulative in many different aspects of foreign affairs?

Answer: Russia


Scott, there's an outside chance, but it's unlikely. And it's definitely not going to happen before the presidential election takes place. It's going to take a long time for the FBI to go through all these messages, get through all the red tape with intelligence agencies to decide what may be classified or not.

And the FBI director, James Comey, has already told Congress Hillary Clinton didn't lie to agents when she was interviewed - same for her aides. He found no efforts to obstruct justice, no desire to betray the country here. So unless something really huge emerges, it's hard to see the legal analysis changing or any criminal prosecution at all.

And Hillary Clinton had a swift response, didn't she?

Yeah, she came out in Iowa, did an impromptu news conference. She said she didn't know anything about this. She found out through media reports. She's demanding the FBI director release a lot more information and explain the facts here. Some of Clinton's close allies, including California Democratic Senator Dianne Feinstein, went even stronger. She said the FBI move was appalling and that the bureau was playing into the campaign slogans of Donald Trump.

turn 3 : 4) is that Hillary Clinton gave an impromptu news conference in Iowa, denying knowledge of the issue and demanding the FBI director release more information. Her allies also criticized the FBI's actions.  The implied meaning, however, is that Clinton and her allies are reacting to negative news about her campaign and attempting to deflect attention away from it. The language used suggests a degree of defensiveness and desperation, as they try to shift blame onto the FBI and portray the issue as a partisan attack by Donald Trump.

What did Clinton's allies, including Senator Dianne Feinstein, call the FBI's move?

Answer: Appalling


But I'm sure that there's something else that you want to share with us. You have your poems about California, poems about the blues.

I've got one. The once called "Who I Am in Twilight. "And it's a poem that is actually emblazoned on the sidewalk. And it's set in stone, as it were, on something called "Poetry Walk" in Berkeley, California. They put down on sidewalk, Addison Street, about a hundred poets', I think, work. So it's fun to go over there and see how posterity works, because always somebody has dropped some pizza on it, mashed out a cigarette on it, or something like that.

So don't live for posterity, live for now. But here it is. "Who I am in Twilight. "

Like John Lee Hooker, like Lightnin' Hopkins, like the blues himself. The Trickster Sonnet, hoedown, the tango, the cante jondo. Like blessed spirituals and ragas, custom-made. Like sagas. Like stories. Like slick, slow, sly, soliloquies sliding into dramas. Like crime and punishment. Like death and birth. Canal Street, New Orleans. Like the easy, erasable, troubled voices a whirling ceiling fan makes in deep summer nights in hot, un-heavenly hotels. Oklahoma, Arkansas, Tennessee. Like the Mississippi River so deep and wide, you couldn't get a letter to the other side. Like Grand Canyon. Like Yosemite National Park. Like beans and cornbread. Like rest and recreation. Like love and like. I know we last. I know our bleeding stops.

turn 3 : The speaker identifies with various forms of art and culture, and has a deep appreciation for life and love.

Which forms of art and culture does the speaker identify with?

Answer: California


One person called them old guard reactionaries who are grabbling for crumbs from the table. Another called them seat warmer saying they have nothing new to offer. And that led to a larger conversation about Obama's support among blacks where black folks stand on the Democratic Party.

And we are in good old Black History Month now. Of course, we are black 365 days a year.

That's right.

But from what I've read on our blog, not everybody thinks the black history month is a good idea.

turn 0 : One person called them old guard reactionaries who are grabbing for crumbs from the table. Another called them seat warmers saying they have nothing new to offer. (The literal meanings of these phrases would be people who are physically grabbing crumbs or occupying seats to keep them warm. The actual meanings refer to political figures who are criticized for being outdated or unoriginal.)

What was the criticism leveled against the political figures mentioned in turn 0?

Answer: Outdated


What in this agreement makes it better in your perspective?Because you did say that there was something in it that was, so tell me one thing.

There are. The labor chapter itself is better. However, if you can't enforce the labor chapter, it is meaningless. And so we're trying to get the enforcement on three different levels that I outlined earlier.

So what's your message to Democrats here?I mean, the issue is, so far, the administration has been trying to work with the Democrats. I mean, the trade chief, for example, the U. S.  trade representative, Robert Lighthizer, has been working with Democrats to hear their concerns about it. I mean, and House Speaker Nancy Pelosi has appointed nine House Democrats to committees to negotiate these sort of - these changes.

But there is this some sense that, you know, the administration - others in the administration would like to fast-track it. There is a mechanism for doing that. I mean, do you have a specific message to Democrats?Because, as you know, with such a large - particularly with such a large presidential field, you've got all kinds of different opinions about international trade in that group. Do you know what I mean?So do you have a specific message to them about how to - you would like to see them proceed?

turn 1 : A believes that without enforcement, the labor chapter is meaningless

How does PersonA view the labor chapter without enforcement?

Answer: Meaningless


I was so exhausted. And all of sudden, we just had this baby. The nurse was handing me this baby, and she's poopy. And it just was so messy. And it just - both of us immediately just started crying. It just was so joyful. It just felt perfect.

Before Hazel was born, though, Lindsey had a lot to worry about.

When she was 20 weeks old - the 20-week ultrasound, she was diagnosed with a fetal heart condition. So we weren't sure what condition she's going to be in when she came out. And she just let out this big scream and just kicking. It was just like she burst into the world. And, you know, just immediately we kind of knew this is a healthy baby. She is alive and. . .

She let you know.

turn 2 : burst into the world implies that the baby affected a lot of things quickly when it was born

Which word describes how the baby was born?

Answer: Quickly


So the sport itself has given me countless opportunities. And for me, the reason why I'm so interested in doing this, it's sort of like my way of giving back, in a sense. You know, I'm going places with the javelin and it's helping me out and probably going to get me into a nice school. So why not give back?And I feel like if I have to do this research project at my school, why not do it on something that I like?

Yeah. I'm just going to guess you've heard from some people that know somebody who was injured by a javelin who've said there's no need for this sport?

Honestly, I haven't. I mean, I know there are some people that have gotten injured and there are people that are against the implementation of the event. But personally, I do not know anybody that has been injured.

You know, Mr.  Christensen, there are people listening around the country I'm sure might point out that it seems easier to buy a gun in South Carolina than to throw a javelin in high school.

turn 3 :  "it seems easier to buy a gun in South Carolina than to throw a javelin in high school" - The literal meaning is that it is easier to purchase a gun than to participate in a high school javelin competition in South Carolina. The actual meaning is that the regulations and restrictions for sports activities in high schools are more rigorous than those for purchasing firearms in the state.

Which activity is easier to participate in, throwing a javelin or buying a gun in South Carolina?

Answer: Javelin


Without warning, I sat down to my meal. The pot pie looked like something Martha Stewart whipped up. And served in her mother's best china, Christiane's potatoes au gratin with green chilies could've been an expensive appetizer at a fine restaurant.

Mm, mm. Oh my gosh. It's really good. It's kind of got like that Tex-Mex flavor to it, like jalapenos. . .

I think if you don't add the chilis. . .

Mm.

turn 0 : The pot pie looked like it had been professionally made and then served in an expensive manner.

What did Christiane add to her potatoes au gratin?

Answer: green


One last question, and I'll let you go. You know, this being sequestration day, are you concerned about budgets that you control in your committee, science budgets, that they might be slashed?

Of course - well, let's put this in perspective. We're talking about across-the-board cuts of about 2. 3 percent, and while it may mean more in certain areas, nevertheless, you know, it's regrettable, I wish we weren't having these kinds of cuts, they could have been avoided. I still think we need to cut spending, but we need to do in a smart way, not across-the-board way. And we could have set our priorities up if there had been a little bit more cooperation from the White House and from the Senate.

The House of Representatives has actually twice passed offsets to the sequestration. The Senate has not passed anything. And the administration hasn't come up with any specific alternatives to the sequestration; only the House has. So if they can't come up with a better idea, let's go with the House idea, and we could have avoided it.

All right, well, I'm certainly not one to debate the politics of this with you because as you know we'll get nowhere. But I want to thank you for taking time to be with us today and wish you good luck in deciding - because I think, you know, maybe the public really does believe this is a national priority about finding that asteroid with our name on it.

turn 1 : The speaker thinks that the across-the-board cuts are regrettable, but they could have been avoided if there had been more cooperation from the White House and the Senate.

Which cuts does the speaker consider to be regrettable?

Answer: acrosstheboard


. . . Does her story intersect with KBR Halliburton's?

I mean, you know, there was a group of human rights lawyers here in the United States who heard about this case, who read my work more than a decade ago. And three very idealistic young human rights lawyers, one of them had been a Peace Corps volunteer in Nepal. And, you know, they took up this case. This was really the dawn of the era of modern-day slavery and international human trafficking. And the U. S.  government had fueled it with our own tax dollars.

What were these human rights lawyers trying to prove against KBR?

Well, they were trying to prove their culpability. First, they just needed to prove that these men were in KBR supply chain in order to get U. S.  government compensation for them, which took two years. And the key witness, you know, they needed the families. They represented the families, then, in a human trafficking civil action that they brought, hoping to end this practice in the U. S.  military and also hoping to get some justice for the - for Kamala and the other victims.

turn 1 : The human rights lawyers took up the case to end human trafficking and modern-day slavery.

How did the human rights lawyers hope to create change?

Answer: a


Let me switch subjects. We are walking on the way to the studio here this morning and two big tour buses came down the street. You're - one of the reason this all worked is you're performing right next door.

Right across the parking lot.

And I wonder, I was talking to Priska Neely, our producer, and said, I wonder if that's Mary Chapin Carpenter. Two big buses touring, pulling equipment trailers behind. Where were you coming in from at 8 o'clock in the morning?

We spent the last two days driving from Arizona.

turn 0 : A is acknowledging B's contribution to the success of their plan.

Answer: Studio.


Tell me a little bit about the violence. What happened?

The biggest single attack was a suicide bomber here in Kabul. The suicide bomber, trying to get into a polling station, was stopped by a policeman. He detonated his explosive vest outside. In the north, there was shelling in Kunduz. We know that they burned down one polling center outside of Kunduz city. And there's been some irregularities, as well. One local strongman on the outskirts of Kabul brought his armed men in. He's a candidate, and he tried to prevent other people from getting to the polling station. So not by far the cleanest elections. The Afghan government has announced it's arrested a few dozen people for fraud and intimidation. They're trying to make sure that Afghans will have faith in this election.

One of the more hopeful signs, though, this time around is the number of women running, right?Over 400. What will this mean?

They are guaranteed 68 seats in the parliament for each province, but I think the real key has been the number of young people running. As you said, Lulu, there hasn't been parliamentary elections in eight years. The current parliament has been a frustration to many, almost a symbol of the corruption and patronage that has held Afghanistan back. And it was really interesting to see election observers at the polls. There were 400,000 of them - many of them there to support their own candidates to make sure that their candidates got a fair shake in these elections. The fact that so many young people and nonpoliticians were willing to put themselves out there, I think, shows that there's a new generation of Afghans trying to change things.

turn 2 : The women are not running but they are trying to get elected.

Which group is trying to get elected besides women in the election?

Answer: Young


Well, certainly in some cases in expensive cities still need some help but much less help. On a minimum wage of $12 an hour, a couple - two full-time minimum wage workers - would earn $50,000 a year. That certainly doesn't make you affluent, it doesn't make you rich, but you can get by reasonably well on $50,000 a year.

And you don't think jobs will leave the state?

Some jobs, but probably a lot fewer than most people think. There have actually been a lot of recent studies in the last five or 10 years that have turned around the economic sentiment on this issue. In most cases, in nearly all cases, the jobs we're talking about for these workers are in the low-wage service sector. They're non-tradable. They're not subject to foreign competition. They can't be outsourced. Those jobs are exactly the sort of jobs where the employers would simply pass along the extra costs to the consumer. They'd raise prices and keep their workers at a much higher paycheck. Furthermore, the price rises we're talking about are very much smaller than most people would realize. Wal-Mart is America's largest low-wage employer. Three hundred thousand Wal-Mart workers average about $9 an hour. All Wal-Mart would have to do to cover a $12 minimum wage is raise their prices by 1. 1 percent one time. The average Wal-Mart shopper would pay only an extra $12. 50 per year. People wouldn't even notice the price hike.

Well, if the goal is to lift low-wage workers above the poverty level, is $12 an hour really enough?

turn 3 : (4) Implied meaning: Is a minimum wage of $12 an hour sufficient to raise low-wage earners out of poverty?

Which turn implies that the speaker is discussing the possibility of raising prices at Wal-Mart to cover the cost of a minimum wage increase?

Answer: Two


And there is a desperate need both for international humanitarian law to be observed in the conduct of the war to protect civilians but also for a move towards political negotiations and a political settlement, because it is now nearly two years since I sat at the United Nations with foreign ministers from the Gulf States who said they wanted a political settlement then. But it is no closer, and the bombing has undoubtedly deepened the divide inside Yemen and made it far harder to bring peace.

And this is the conduct of the war by Saudi Arabia?

The Saudi-led coalition has air power. The Houthis, who are an Iranian-backed rebel group, are on the ground. It's not the job of these humanitarians to take sides in the conflict. We don't take sides in the conflict. What we do is call out the abuse of international humanitarian law on all sides. And the striking thing about the Yemen conflict and the three other countries that are in danger of famine in Africa - in Somalia, in South Sudan that we've talked about, north and northeast Nigeria - these are man-made famine.

Mr.  Miliband, you've been a politician. How do you sustain interest in problems that are very remote from the lives of everyday Americans?

turn 2 : (3) A: "What we do is call out the abuse of international humanitarian law on all sides" - This implies that all parties involved in the conflict are violating international humanitarian law, rather than only one specific party.

How does PersonA describe their role in the conflict?

Answer: Neutral


Yes.

. . . Following the election in 2000, when - and I'm sure the news industry was part of it.

(Laughter).

A lot of people said, how can the greatest country in the - you know, you can go to an ATM and get $200. Why can't we have a sleek, electronic voting system in this country?

turn 3 : The United States should be able to implement a modern, reliable, and efficient electronic voting system given its technological and economic advantages.

What should the United States be able to implement given its technological and economic advantages?

Answer: Voting


Yeah, kicking out all the intelligence officers, which we believe. . .

. . . And shutting their consulates.

(Unintelligible) their consulates, and we got rid of most of them. And we've seen a significant reduction in their intelligence collection here in the U. S. So the consulates were home base for that, and I think for the first time. . .

Not to get hung up on the numbers, but. . .

turn 0 : The officers were fired from their jobs abruptly and not allowed to fraternize with the people that stayed.

What was the reason for kicking out the intelligence officers?

Answer: Reduction


However.

Well, you know, it is a good analogy. It's like, you know, you keep the umbrella around. Once it stops raining, you don't get rid of the umbrella, you keep it in the closet. It's the same with your savings. Even when you're doing well, you still have to put something away for the time that it rains, because guess what, it's always going to rain.

So, what are you going to miss most, do you think, about being on the show and giving advice to the radio audience?

Well, obviously the staff, you know - and you know, I don't want to get so melancholy but I have to tell folks that I have never enjoyed working with a group of people more than I have here at NPR. Really smart, caring people who wanted to produce a segment like this to - you see, I'm getting ready to cry - to really help people. This is the one job, and I've got like 10, that I love getting up to go to. And I'm going to miss the listeners. NPR listeners are the most thoughtful, and I get a ton of email - even from those who disagree with me, it was always in a way that was very respectful. And that says a lot about the people who listen to this program.

turn 1 : You put money in the savings in case you have a problem and need it

Which item does PersonA compare to savings in their analogy?

Answer: Umbrella


Thank you.

I want to reiterate what Tovia just said and be absolutely clear that as far as NPR News is concerned, we have confirmed only what you just heard that Tovia say - in that there were two explosions along the route of the Boston Marathon quite close to the finish line. The explosions occurred not on the route itself but in the area where there were thousands of spectators watching. We do know that there were injuries. We cannot confirm how many people have been injured or how severe those injuries are. We will, of course, continue to get details on that.

And as you heard Tovia say, there will be a briefing soon from the Boston Police Department and perhaps some other agencies in Boston. We will bring you details as we know them. Certainly if you are looking at any of these images, a warning to you, they are quite graphic, very upsetting and some violent, violent images coming from the route of the Boston Marathon. Our hearts and prayers are with the people who have been affected by the explosions there. Two explosions on the route of the Boston Marathon near to the finish line.

This is TALK OF THE NATION. Thanks so much for joining us. I'm Celeste Headlee.

turn 2 : The images being shown are very graphic and violent, and our thoughts are with those affected by the explosions

What is the tone of the statement made by PersonB in turn 2?

Answer: upsetting


The regulations and the oversight that was put in place was relatively minimal because this was going to be such a small endeavor. It was going to be a small-scale experiment for 100 schools. Well, guess what?We have 1,300 charter schools today. And we have a law that doesn't actually account for the scale of that.

That's LA Times reporter Anna Phillips. She's been investigating loopholes in California's charter school system. What she discovered is a fragmented and decentralized regulating system. In Los Angeles, Phillips encountered a case in which a wealthy Beverly Hills couple made millions of dollars by simply turning to a different school district whenever their charter schools came under scrutiny.

These charter schools had been set up as nonprofits that were publicly funded. But if you looked right kind of on the outskirts of them, the couple that had started them had essentially created a series of businesses or nonprofits that were doing business with their own schools. So for instance, this couple rented a lot of their own properties they owned. They were their own landlords.

They owned buildings that then they rented to the schools, so they were getting that income.

Exactly. And there were other ways they were getting income. The woman who ran these schools, her husband was hired on as a project manager for about $500,000 to oversee the construction of a new campus. When they wanted to bring in cafeteria meals for their students, they hired one of their own organizations. So this was public money that was coming into these schools, but the couple that ran them was financially benefiting from it.

turn 2 : "essentially created a series of businesses or nonprofits that were doing business with their own schools" - The literal meaning of this sentence is that the couple established other organizations that had financial ties to their charter schools. However, the implied meaning is that they may have been using these organizations to divert public funds into their own pockets.

Which phrase describes the financial relationship between the couple's organizations and their charter schools?

Answer: financial


Lastly, Mara, I have to ask you because it just seems that, week after week, tensions between this administration and the press grows more hostile. You're in that White House briefing room day in and day out. How would you describe the atmosphere?

The atmosphere is tense and contentious, but it always has been between the White House press corps and the press secretary. I think that the Trump administration has taken this to a new level. You have a president who considers the media a foil, calls the mainstream press the enemy of the people, fake news, dishonest, disgusting, horrible people. So part of his political strategy is to demonize reporters and the media. So, of course, that's going to show up in the briefing room.

That's NPR's national political correspondent, Mara Liasson. Thank you, as always.

Thank you, Lulu.

turn 0 : The atmosphere is how people are feeling toward one another and treating one another.

Which room does Mara Liasson spend most of her time in?

Answer: Briefing


Hello.

Hello.

Now, the New York Times report that described your resignation in 1995 said that sources at the time said you had aroused opposition with your, quote, "emphasis on reshaping Planned Parenthood into a broad health organization that could compete in the era of managed care" - a focus that some of the group's affiliates felt would inevitably diminish their role as advocates for abortion rights and low-income women's access to health care.

Now, this week, in a letter explaining her ouster from Planned Parenthood, Dr.  Leana Wen said she had come to the organization to work on a broad range of health care issues but that, quote, "the new board leadership has determined that the priority of Planned Parenthood moving forward is to double down on abortion rights advocacy. "She's also said in an op-ed for The New York Times that she wanted to depoliticize abortion but that her approach seemed at odds with the direction the board wanted to go. What does this say about the trajectory of not just Planned Parenthood but also the abortion rights movement?

Certainly everybody would agree that reproductive rights are hanging the balance right now. It's a tough time, and there are two schools of thought. I think that the leadership at Planned Parenthood has to do what it thinks is right. I don't think there's a right or wrong. For my part, I would do what I did, you know, last time around.

turn 4 : Two "schools' are not literal schools. The implication is there are two differing beliefs about how the organization should operate.

What is the implication of the phrase "two schools of thought" in the dialogue?

Answer: Beliefs


Yeah, I know. It's - I actually am going to quote UC Hastings law professor, Ahmed Ghappour, who said the reason the government did this is pure PR. There actually isn't a legal reason that the government needed to file this motion. It laid out everything that's already been said in the motion. But Apple got a lot of attention when Tim Cook publicly posted his reasons for not complying with the government's order on its website. And Ghappour thinks the government filed this on Friday because it didn't want Apple to have the last word this week. And in many ways, this particular situation is a PR war. The public opinion is going to matter. How do we feel about the government being able to compel a company to write code to help it out?Is there enough to be gotten from this phone that we're willing to jeopardize our privacy in the long run?In the past, when most things were in the physical world, if you created a key for one door, chances are it wouldn't affect all the other doors. But in the digital age, things are different. And it looks like, in this case, Tim Cook is saying, we need spaces where no one, not the government, not a hacker or even a private company, that makes the device can get in.

So what's next?

Appeals, appeals unless Congress, in its wisdom, decides to do something. But Congress hasn't been doing a lot lately, so I don't know.

That's NPR's Laura Sydell. Laura, thank you.

turn 3 : This turn does not have an implied meaning different from its literal meaning. It is a straightforward expression of gratitude towards Laura Sydell, the NPR correspondent.

What is the name of the NPR correspondent mentioned in the dialogue?

Answer: Laura


Well, it definitely leaves him - I'd say in the immediate sense, it leaves him with a very tarnished reputation. I mean, this is somebody who appeared on the scene in 2015, taking up one file after another, everything from military to economy to oil policy. I mean, he's really collected everything.

He had charmed a lot of people in the United States as somebody who was finally going to change this kingdom from its strict Islamic way of doing things. And this has really taken a lot of the shine off. I think a lot of people have really sort of wondered, you know, is this somebody who's actually - has good enough judgment to wield the kind of power that he's wielding inside this incredibly important country in the Middle East?

Yeah. Well, looking at that, I mean, we are seeing increasingly strident rhetoric coming from Washington on the war in Yemen. The crown prince is very, very involved in that war. What's going on?

When his father became king in 2015, he was soon named defense minister, and the war started right after that. So this has been his war from the beginning. And it's really just been a disaster throughout. I mean, at the beginning, he and other Saudi officials were telling their American counterparts this was only going to last a few weeks.

turn 0 : What people think of him has lessened due to the situation.

Answer: Situation


Harper Lee's longtime friend Wayne Flynt will be delivering the eulogy at her funeral. He joins us on the line from Monroeville. Welcome, Mr.  Flynt, and I'm so sorry for your and I guess all of our loss.

Yeah, I think it's a sort of global loss, given the popularity of the novel across the world.

Can you give us a sense about your friendship with Harper Lee?You have been in very close contact with her in the last years of her life.

That's correct. On average, once a month for the last 10 years since her stroke, we have sat and talked and told stories and exchanged insults. . .

turn 3 : : The literal meaning of (4) is that Harper Lee and Mr. Flynt exchanged insults while they talked, however, the implied meaning is that they had a close, friendly relationship, as exchanging insults is often seen as a sign of endearment.

Which sign of endearment was present in the relationship between Harper Lee and Mr. Flynt?

Answer: Friendly


Well, you know, this is having a lot of different effects. So you know, some of the students have been expelled. Their admissions have been revoked. Some of the coaches have been fired. They face charges - athletic coaches who were involved in misrepresenting people as being recruits. And of course the legal cases are going to continue to unfold.

But I'm also interested in how it's unfolding in the broader culture at large. You know, whether you look at things like - we had a big debate last year about Harvard and affirmative action. And these conversations about things like legacy admissions are really bringing us to a broader conversation about, what do these elite colleges really offer?You know, the fact that they have nonprofit status - are they really serving the public, or are they just acting in a way that's really inflating their own bottom line and their own brands?

And so I think there's a broader conversation about, are there better ways to have admissions?And can we define excellence in education some other way other than, you know, something that's really expensive and only lets in about 5 percent of people who get to apply?

And for all that conversation, just in our last 30 seconds or so, do you see signs of systemic change coming?

turn 0 : The implication of this turn is that the scandal has a far-reaching effect on the university and its stakeholders, beyond just the legal repercussions.

What is the scope of the effects of the scandal on the university?

Answer: Far-reaching


Do you think what we've seen over the past couple of weeks represents some kind of tipping point in the way people think about guns?

Probably not, unfortunately. I mean, after - Sandy Hook was about the worst thing that could ever possibly happen. And it didn't substantially change the tone of this debate. What is different is when you mix an ISIS story, which is what we have now, with a gun-control story. Maybe that's what's going to change things.

The idea that people who may not have been able to get on an airplane were able to acquire guns.

Right, right, right. We have zero tolerance for Islamic - Islamic State terrorism. We seem to have a certain level of tolerance for a certain number of school shootings a year. So - I'm sorry to say it, but it's true. And so maybe that's what tips this debate. But I don't see any one incident tipping the debate in the way you're suggesting.

turn 3 : In (4) the speaker is implying that the US has a higher level of tolerance for school shootings than for terrorism.

What incident does the speaker not see tipping the debate in the way the other person suggests?

Answer: One


Hi.

So you're about to get underway with your lunch rush. What are the workers telling you?What are the conversations you're hearing there at the bar?

Well, they're like counting down the days and saying what are they going to do. You know, some people have no plans. They don't know what they're going to do. Then other people say they're going to move away because this is a dying town, and it's really frightening.

And what does that mean for you?

Well, I just hope that we can make it through. I don't know. We don't know what is in store - you know, the future has for us because we've already - when they cut the shifts back, we've already lost a lot of our business from over there. Now, there's going to be nobody, and we just don't know where it's going to go from there.

turn 1 : lunch rush is a time when places are very busy, like restaurants, and usually during lunch, hence the name lunch rush

How would you describe the time when places are very busy during lunch?

Answer: Busy


(Laughter).

. . . The future seems to be getting here, doesn't it?

Well, we've always joked on "Men In Blazers," Scott, that soccer has been America's sport of the future since 1972. But that future is very much now. So next Friday, next Saturday we are holding BlazerCon, which is kind of a Comic-Con but for football. You could say it's like Comic-Con but nerdier, where football fans from across America will come together in Brooklyn and meet with some of the elite global thinkers who are shaping the tectonic plates of football from the Premier League Chairman Richard Scudamore, Christian Siefert, who runs Bundesliga, the gentleman that runs Liverpool, Manchester City, Everton Football Club, as well as the U. S.  women's national team players, MLS owners. It's going to be an absolute cacophony of really exploring joyously the future of football globally, but more importantly, I guess for us, how this game is going to evolve in America in the next decade.

Roger Bennett, host of "Men In Blazers," thanks so much. Hope to talk to you soon, Roger.

turn 0 : The speaker is expressing amusement at the idea of the future being here.

What is the PersonA's reaction to the future being here?

Answer: Amusement


Joel Rising has surely had this experience. Many frequent travelers have, a screaming baby on the airplane. But what's that baby doing there anyway?Is it safe for infants to fly?Doctor Sydney Spiesel is a pediatrician and a professor at Yale Medical School, as well as a contributor to slate. com. And when we spoke earlier, I asked him if a new study out on this topic had any answers.

What the study says is, if you have normal kids, yes, you know, when you're flying, the air pressure goes down in a plane. It's as if we were walking around the top of a mountain that's maybe 5,000 feet.

The amount of oxygen that's available for absorption is about three quarters because of the lower pressures. About three quarters of that - of the same amount as sea level. And young children we know don't do quite as well with lower oxygen levels as older. But, in fact, millions of kids fly, and they really fly quite well without problems.

And no problems for their ears?

turn 2 : In turn (3), the literal meaning of "young children don't do quite as well with lower oxygen levels as older" suggests that younger children may struggle with the lower oxygen levels on a plane more than older children. However, the actual meaning is that younger children may not tolerate lower oxygen levels as well as older children or adults, but millions of children do fly safely without problems.

What is the misconception about younger children's ability to fly safely?

Answer: Misconception


You centered your article around a book that came out in May - "The Black Witch" by Laurie Forest. It had some buzz. Kirkus says, quote, "engaging character set in a rich alternative universe with a complicated history - a massive page turner that leaves readers longing for more. "But in March, the buzz took a turn. What happened?

A blogger who had an advanced reader's copy of the book disagreed with the reigning buzz and penned a 9,000 word review decrying it, basically, as an end-to-end mess of unadulterated bigotry. So this blogger disagreed with the premise of the book, which basically centers on a girl becoming enlightened to the fact that she's been indoctrinated into an ideology of racist superiority.

And once she had formed this opinion, she - you know, she wrote her review. And she got online and basically called for the activist crowd on young adult Twitter to boost it. And because of online dynamics being the way they are and because of how fast outrage travels, on Twitter especially, it really just blew up into a huge controversy that lasted for multiple weeks right up until the book released.

Did a lot of people who kind of piled on bother to read the book?

turn 2 : The speaker is implying that the initial positive buzz surrounding the book was overshadowed by the negative review and the controversy that followed.

How was the book's initial buzz affected by the negative review and controversy?

Answer: Overshadowed


The Rough Riders were a unique volunteer regiment that was formed in the first days of the Spanish-American War. At the time, the U. S.  military was really small, and they needed to bulk up really quickly. So the U. S.  Army went out and recruited cowboys, athletes, people who you could train pretty quickly. And a lot of it was the brainchild of Theodore Roosevelt.

It was his particular idea of who was manly enough to be in a regiment with him. Is that fair to say?

Well, it was - he - yes, he did a lot of the vetting himself. And it certainly was a lot of, yes, his conception of what it meant to be manly. And so you not only had a lot of people from the West but also a lot of Ivy League football players. The No. 1 and the No. 2 tennis player in the country quit tennis to join, and that was the kind of thing that he loved.

Were these celebrities in some cases?

Yeah, they were. They were celebrities in the sense that they were the children of the tycoons and the kind of lords of the Gilded Age, the sort of people who grew up in Newport and Fifth Avenue and had names that resonated for a public that, you know, much like today, they know who has the money, who has the power.

turn 1 : Theodore Roosevelt had specific ideas about what made a man manly

Which historical figure's ideas about manliness are discussed in the dialogue?

Answer: Theodore


OK.  Let's talk taxes. The latest GOP tax plan sailed through the House of Representatives this week. It's now in the Senate. What will be the greatest challenge there. Could it fail there, or is it likely to pass?They need a win.

Well, they already have - the Republicans already have some problems going on with even some of their most conservative members. So you've got Ron Johnson from Wisconsin who's already said, I won't vote for this bill in the way it stands. Someone like Susan Collins objects to the fact that the repeal of the individual mandate - the health care mandate - has been attached to this bill. So while it passed through the House pretty easily, the Senate is an incredibly different climate. You have people like Bob Corker and Jeff Flake who are a little bit of - you know, they're sticking in the craw of Republican leaderships because they're - you know, they're sort of doing. . .

Deficit hawks. Yeah.

Yes, exactly.

turn 3 : "Deficit hawks. Yeah." - The literal meaning is that Bob Corker and Jeff Flake are concerned about the deficit. The implied meaning is that they are causing issues for the Republican leadership because they may not support the tax plan if it adds to the deficit.

Which two Republican senators are referred to as "deficit hawks" in turn 2?

Answer: Bob,Jeff


And so - like, for instance, sly, when a person is sly like a fox. There's a Scottish word called slicket(ph), which I love, you know. It's sleek, oily. Slicket - I couldn't vote for him. He's got slicket eyes.

That's nice.

You know, and so I refuse to change it. But I'd rather explain it to you than change it, you know. And Scotland has such lovely words, too, like a turkey, for instance, it's a bubbly jock.

Bubbly jock?I've not heard that.

turn 0 : The reason why he couldn't vote for him couldn't be because he got a slicket eyes

What is the Scottish word for sleek and oily mentioned by A?

Answer: Slicket


I think that with that time, you just need to map it out and make sure that you stay busy. Because if you don't, there's a lot of other elements, you know, inside, that could possibly corrupt you. And you might not only lose your freedom, you might end up losing your life. So you've got to be really careful while you're in there.

Now your song "It's Real" deals with a really heavy topic: AIDS.

Right.

Let's take a listen.

turn 1 : The song It's Real addresses a serious issue.

Answer: AIDS


Right.

It was, it's poignant because of Lisa "Left Eye" Lopez having passed away.

Definitely. And SWV and En Vogue, it was just yeah, that I thought, that was really good. I mean, where else could you see that but the BET Awards?

Yeah, it was, I mean I thought the staging was pretty amazing.

Definitely. Definitely.

turn 1 : The performance was emotional due to the death of Lisa Left Eye Lopez.

Which member of a music group passed away?

Answer: Lopez


It's time now for our Africa Update. The search begins for an African Einstein. In South Africa this week, at least two dozen people have been killed in a wave of attacks on foreigners and we look at Rwanda's new economic force, women. For more, we've got Roxanne Lawson, she's director of Africa Policy for TransAfrica Forum. Hey, Roxanne.

Hi, how are you doing?

I'm doing great. So let's talk about some disturbing news form South Africa. It's the biggest economic power on the continent and plenty of immigrants from other African nations are flooding into the country, legally or not. South Africans are accusing these immigrants of taking away jobs and causing crime, in some ways it's similar to a lot of the debates right here in the U. S.  Now, some South Africans are getting into brutal attacks on foreigners. At least 24 people have been killed in unrest that broke out a week ago. So what's the latest on the violence?

You're directly right that it actually is very much like what we see here in the United States with our migration issues. As of this morning, official reports that 217 people have been arrested, over 3,000 have been displaced and 22 people are dead.

turn 2 :  "South Africans are accusing these immigrants of taking away jobs and causing crime" - This turn has a figurative meaning, as immigrants are not literally taking away jobs and causing crime, but rather this is a perceived issue by some South Africans.

What is the perceived issue some South Africans have with immigrants?

Answer: Jobloss


What is the context?How did you get to know them?And then, describe what you think each of them is like as a person.

I worked with Raila Odinga at the University of Nairobi. President Kibaki, we've had our children go to school together. I think they are both kind people. I don't think - I won't describe any one of them as a bad person at all. They are both kind, but we have this underlying problem we just started talking about that nobody really has ever paid it any attention to. That is of helping people to relate as tribes, as, you know, really seeing - instead of bruiting their differences and, you know, identifying the unity that groups like Kikuyus and the Luos have. They are very different people culturally. How can they walk together?How can they celebrate each other's, you know, differences so that we can forge ahead.

So in other words, even though some peace is going to be created - I know they will - I hope that they are going to start in a school system, teaching people about the different cultural background to ensure that our people move from their own tribal shells towards the national and then the continent.

Let me ask you about the two men that we've been talking about who have so much decision-making power.

turn 2 : The literal meaning of "tribal shells" is not clear, but in this context, it means to move away from their narrow-minded or limited views based on their tribal affiliations.

Answer: views


And what's your percentage normally?

Normally, it's around 65 to 70 percent in practice.

It's a little easier when nobody is guarding.

Yeah, a little bit.

turn 2 : It is easier to do something when there are no obstacles (guards) around.

How is it easier to do something when there are no obstacles around?

Answer: No-obstacles


So I always tell people, look at your many choices. Don't close any doors. But the fact is that, you know, take your passion, take it as far as you can, but understand you've got to make a living, and you've got to pay the loan back.

What about people like you, who are college presidents?What challenges are you facing in trying to make sure that you can get a broad variety of students from different backgrounds?

Farai, you know, what keeps me up at night is the young women who want to be admitted but don't have the dollars, the young women who are students who are continuing, who are saying, I need more financial aid, the young women whose parents can't take out another loan. That literally keeps me up at night. If you see me again and I'm gray, that's what did it.

I mean literally. I mean, I wake up in the - you know, I wake up in the middle of the night and say, how can I find money for these young people?It is a challenge.

turn 3 : Finding funding for the education of young people is a significant challenge that affects my sleep.

Which aspect of education causes the president to lose sleep?

Answer: funding


Do you ever feel that way, you're just so tired of singing, but you know you have to because that song is so closely associated with who you are?

Well "Band of Gold" would be it, but by the time I get to the end of the show, and I'm coming back for that last encore…

(Singing) Now that you're gone, all that's left is a band of gold…

A lot of times, I will do "Band of Gold," and as a matter of fact, I - and I find that it's a good thing because I see people in the audience just light up, like (unintelligible)…

turn 3 : "A lot of times, I will do 'Band of Gold,' and as a matter of fact, I - and I find that it's a good thing because I see people in the audience just light up, like (unintelligible)…" - The implied meaning here is that the person often performs "Band of Gold," and they enjoy doing so because they observe that it brings joy to their audience and creates a positive atmosphere.

What is the song that PersonA often performs?

Answer: Band-of-Gold


You've complained that the U. S.  through both Republican and Democratic administrations has ceded to Israel on most issues and, therefore, has never really been a fair and impartial third party. Has Trump, in effect, made what you consider to be unstated U. S.  policy simply more explicit?

He certainly has. One of the things that Trump has done is that he's brought to the forefront and brought to the - brought - made very apparent that the United States has never been an honest broker - not under Clinton, not under Bush and certainly not under Obama.

Obama was a president who gave Israel the largest aid package that Israel has ever seen. And it had also turned a blind eye to Israeli settlement activity. What Trump has now done is he's put it very much in your face and made it clear that the United States has never been and will never be an honest broker.

Trump, in one of his tweets, did say that Israelis would have to pay more, though, for the recognition of their capital, suggesting Israel will have to make significant concessions to Palestinians. Does that encourage you at all?

turn 1 : The United States has never been an honest broker.

Which country has never been an honest broker?

Answer: usa


Thanks so much for having me.

OK. So the economy's no doing so well. Is this the opportune time to launch a major cable channel?

Well, it probably isn't. But all things being equal, I think that Major League Baseball has been lucky enough to garner a very good deal for them in the sense that they're negotiating with a number of carriers. As mentioned, it's the largest cable launch in history.

And so, even with advertising difficulties, they'll have a very strong revenue stream out of subscriber fees. And so, it's probably good for baseball. And they're hoping, I'm sure, to ride this out and have a long-term goal of making it a very profitable and successful launch.

Well, baseball certainly has a lot of games during the season. So what kind of programming will we see?

turn 3 : Baseball is hoping to ride out the advertising difficulties and make the largest cable launch in history profitable and successful in the long term, despite initial challenges.

What is baseball's long-term goal for the largest cable launch in history?

Answer: Profitable


Well - I mean, I believe on Friday, certainly a lot of people thought that they had a deal in hand. Senator Schumer left the White House thinking that it was very close. And he says it got undone somewhere in the White House. It's not clear. . .

Well, I can't speak to that. I wasn't a part of that. But I don't think it was probably quite as imminent as they thought.

Look, I think the president's actually been very clear about the things that he wants. He wants to address border security, he wants to deal with chain migration, and he wants to deal with the lottery. And he's certainly willing to provide legal status for DREAMers. So if those are your four principle points and they've been known for months, there ought to be a way to reach an agreement.

Border security means a wall?

turn 3 : B implies that they are skeptical that border security means a wall.

Which term does PersonB question as possibly meaning a wall?

Answer: Border-security


So are there other criticisms of her leadership that are not related to Brexit?

Oh, absolutely. There are vast criticisms of her leadership. Austerity is the single biggest criticism. It doesn't have popularity in many quarters anymore. But in terms of whether the criticism is balanced or gendered or, you know, this - a lot of people will say this has nothing to do with gender. Well, you have to remember 2017, the Daily Mail front page - Theresa May and Nicola Sturgeon, who is the first minister for Scotland, and the front page of The Daily Mail said never mind Brexit, what about Legs-it. And it had a picture of the two women and comparing who had the better legs. So there is no way in which that is an ungendered criticism.

Have criticisms of Prime Minister May evolved over the course of Brexit?

Absolutely. So though she was not considered to be doing a brilliant job from the outset, there was a kind of national feeling that gosh, she was doing probably as well as most people could do. And then of course, the men who stepped back to give her power started circling again to take back power at the moment that it starts to seem like we might be moving towards Brexit, the outcome they want, or not moving towards it. And at that point, the language really, really shifted. And it stepped up. And you had people briefing against her.

turn 3 : In (4), when A says "the men who stepped back to give her power started circling again to take back power," the actual meaning is that male politicians who initially supported May as Prime Minister began to undermine her leadership when it appeared that Brexit was moving in a direction they did not want. The language used against her became harsher and more aggressive.

Which direction did Brexit have to move for male politicians to start undermining Theresa May's leadership?

Answer: Not


How do you feel about the United States now?

It was my home, and it is my home. And it will be my home because I have nowhere else to go. If I went somewhere else, I wouldnt be alive.

Is there something you'd like the Army and the Department of Defense and everyone to know about you?

I am more patriotic than many Americans. I am ready to lay my life down for this country and for the safety of its people. Im not a bad person, and I have never committed a crime. My life is in danger if the institutions like USCIS and DOD does not help me.

turn 1 : The United States is the only place where A can survive.

Answer: Nowhere


Well, you know, this is having a lot of different effects. So you know, some of the students have been expelled. Their admissions have been revoked. Some of the coaches have been fired. They face charges - athletic coaches who were involved in misrepresenting people as being recruits. And of course the legal cases are going to continue to unfold.

But I'm also interested in how it's unfolding in the broader culture at large. You know, whether you look at things like - we had a big debate last year about Harvard and affirmative action. And these conversations about things like legacy admissions are really bringing us to a broader conversation about, what do these elite colleges really offer?You know, the fact that they have nonprofit status - are they really serving the public, or are they just acting in a way that's really inflating their own bottom line and their own brands?

And so I think there's a broader conversation about, are there better ways to have admissions?And can we define excellence in education some other way other than, you know, something that's really expensive and only lets in about 5 percent of people who get to apply?

And for all that conversation, just in our last 30 seconds or so, do you see signs of systemic change coming?

turn 1 : The consequences of the scandal go beyond those immediately involved and have raised questions about the integrity and fairness of elite college admissions.

How has the college admissions scandal impacted the conversation about elite college admissions?

Answer: Integrity


Am I wrong to see in this novel a theme that the relics we worship are often no more than making a choice among frauds?

You know, Frederick - he had 19,000 of these things.

Yeah.

You know, everything. Frederick was called Frederick the Wise. This was a very learned man. And you think, well, wait, you know, how could he have really thought this was, you know, the - a strand of Jesus's hair or a piece of straw?And the answer is, I suspect he didn't in his heart of hearts, but his - the overriding theology, if you will, was I think he thought that if relics make people more pious, where's the harm?I'm attracted to that notion. If it - if belief in a, you know, a bone leads you to praying to be a better person - how quickly I descend into truism - where's the harm?

turn 1 : The worship of relics may be based on false beliefs, but it can still be beneficial if it encourages people to be more pious.

Which theology was the overriding belief of Frederick the Wise?

Answer: Relics


The storm was downgraded to a category-two hurricane just as it hit land. So, that's got to be good news for everybody there.

Oh, yes. The staff here, were all looking at the - upstairs in the ops room and stuff - They're looking at the weather, everybody's feeling much confident. Our field units - people who first responded are feeling better about the situation, we'll just wait for the past five - even more so that we can get crews out and do a real good damage assessment of the whole parish including the parts in the lower parishes, which will be closer to the eye itself.

Now that the storm has hit land, what are the projections for where it will go and how it will go over the next twelve hours?

Well, my understanding, it's going to slowly drift north, stretching north west and then a little more to the west, and there's a possibility that it may slow down and maybe even stall near the Louisiana, Texas line.

turn 3 : The hurricane may slow down and cause damage near the Louisiana-Texas border.

Which state may be affected by the hurricane?

Answer: Louisiana


Let me just unpack that. SIT: sexually transmitted infection?

Yes.

That's - okay. So, you've got a lot of diversity in the book, people of all races. Did you make a choice as to how to portray not just body size diversity of issue diversity, but also racial diversity?

Well, absolutely. I think that it's very important for a variety of reasons. Number one: Women need to be able to see themselves in print. So I made sure to include Asian women, Indian women, black, Hispanic women, white women, all shapes and sizes and all different types of bodies - not just super skinny, not just very large, but everybody in between: flat butts, big butts, big boobs, little boobs. . .

Everything's in "Body Drama. "And I did that because we want to see ourselves, but we're also really curious about what other people look like. And it's that information and acknowledgement that can really help us get over our own body drama, by seeing, oh, wow - I hear this from all the girls who look at the book. Oh, okay. My boobs aren't that bad after all.

And I'd take that to mean that women are sitting around looking in the mirror and then looking at the airbrushed magazines and looking at the surgically enhanced pornography. And when you see actual, real representations of bumpy nipples, of large areola, of imperfect sizes, where one is bigger than the other, then you can look in the mirror and say, all right. Well, actually, I am normal.

turn 4 : Everything's in "Body Drama." And I did that because we want to see ourselves, but we're also really curious about what other people look like. And it's that information and acknowledgement that can really help us get over our own body drama, by seeing, oh, wow - I hear this from all the girls who look at the book. Oh, okay. My boobs aren't that bad after all.  Actual meaning: Including a variety of body types in the book can help women feel more comfortable with their own bodies by showing them that others have similar experiences. Literal meaning: The book "Body Drama" includes information on a variety of body types because people are curious about what others look like.

How can the book "Body Drama" help women with their body image?

Answer: Comfort


Well, for me it's almost anything that I'm sent and asked to click on in which somebody else is supposedly really embarrassing themselves. And I'm supposed to find this funny. I'm supposed to enjoy the spectacle. But it's just a physical response that I can't, you know. I clench sort of every muscle in my body and I can barely bring myself to watch it and then end up pressing stop. So, you know, examples would be the recording that was around this week of an employee of a cable company attempting to make a departing customer stay using all sorts of extraordinary arguments, I'm told. I'm told it was very embarrassing for the cable company employee. But I don't know because I can't bring myself to listen to it.

The guy who proposed marriage to a woman at the ballpark - you know about this one?

Oh, this is going to be a wedding proposal that is rejected in public, I think?

Yeah, that's it.

turn 2 : the speaker is not actually making a statement about a specific rejected wedding proposal, but rather anticipating that the example provided by the other speaker will involve a public wedding proposal that is rejected.

What kind of proposal did the guy make at the ballpark?

Answer: Marriage


And so you thought, wow. I never thought about how terrible that might - to be on that boat with all those creatures for so long.

Yeah. It seemed like a totally terrifying prospect to me to not only know that you had to keep them alive because you were the only reason life would continue post-flood but then also that they were dangerous. And they - you know, even if you go to a farm that's lovely, it still smells or petting zoos or all these things I was doing with my young son. I was like, wow. This smells. And we're, like, out in the open. Imagine on a boat (laughter). And I'm really interested in biology and bodies and, you know, as much as we are shedding and getting oily, like, so are the animals. And - but she has to not only take care of herself but take care of all of them and their super varied needs.

Well, you mentioned bodies. And that's the perfect segue way to the fact that there's, actually, a fair amount of what I would call erotica in this book.

Sure.

What type of content did PersonB transition to discussing in turn 2?

Answer: Erotica


There are. It's been a very dry summer. We had the wettest May on record, but then we had the driest June on record. So since June 1, we've only had 0. 06 inches of rain in Anchorage. So everything is turning pretty crispy. And we've got a pretty big fire down on the Kenai, which is blowing smoke into the Anchorage area. And then we've got a fire north in the Matanuska-Susitna Valley. And then we've got fires dotted across the state.

Well, northern Alaska has seen dramatic effects of climate change - thawing permafrost, we've seen that decreasing arctic ice. Is this heat wave part of that bigger trend?

I think it is. We're definitely seeing warmer-than-normal conditions. Like, the 90-degree temperature is 25 degrees above our average. Our average for this time of year is 65 degrees. And just in the last 10 days, we had six record-high temperatures. So not just this year, but overall, the trend for Anchorage and all of Alaska is a steady increase and a steady warming.

What is the forecast then for the next, say, few days?

turn 2 : The temperature has been steadily increasing in Anchorage and all of Alaska.

Which city in Alaska has seen a steady increase in temperature?

Answer: Anchorage


A whistleblower has told Congress that at least 25 people were granted security clearances by the Trump administration after career employees recommended denying those clearances. Those 25 include two current senior White House officials. The whistleblower's name is Tricia Newbold. She's an 18-year career employee who currently works at the Personnel Security Office. That's the office that recommends for or against granting security clearances to members of the administration. She gave these details in private testimony to the House Oversight Committee last month.

Joining me now is a member of that committee, Jamie Raskin, Democrat from Maryland. Welcome.

I'm delighted to be with you.

So Tricia Newbold flags three particular instances involving senior White House officials who are kept anonymous. Can you tell us a little more about these officials who were initially denied security clearances but those decisions were overruled?

turn 3 :  "Flags" does not mean that Tricia Newbold actually used flags to indicate the instances involving senior White House officials. Instead, it implies that she drew attention to these instances or brought them to the committee's notice. This is an example of a figurative or idiomatic use of language where the intended meaning is different from the literal meaning of the words used.

How did Tricia Newbold draw attention to the instances involving senior White House officials?

Answer: Drew


Well, we've - they've already spent too much time, that is the Congress and the president, in getting a deal. So they can't, in my opinion, put together a real big debt reduction bill that the country and its people deserves. In the meantime, this tax problem came in, the Bush tax is going to expire, which was done by the law that adopted it, and that's going to put a big pressure on the budget.

And we've got a law that is so unreasonable that it ought to be repealed, the sequester. I think they're going to find a way to repeal the sequester. I think they're going to find a way to do all of the savings required in the appropriated accounts, the annual billings, but I think they're going to be very short of savings in the entitlement programs, the long-term health care, which costs are going to go skyrocketing along while we sit around thinking everything's rosy. They may not find a way to solve that one.

I hope they do, but I see no evidence that they are doing that one right. So I think they'll get two or three out of the four, and then question for everyone: will they put that much together and say, take it, and some language saying we'll do more next year?I would have some further suggestions, but we don't have time.

Well, Senator Domenici, thank you very much for your time today.

turn 2 : There is doubt whether the Congress will be able to come up with a comprehensive solution for all the issues and it may require multiple attempts

What is the senator's hope for the Congress to do regarding the entitlement programs?

Answer: Savings


And let's talk about the rivals themselves once they were in the Cabinet. You wrote about this this week in the Los Angeles Times in an op-ed. And you noted that, two years into Lincoln's administration, there was a full-blown crisis in Lincoln's Cabinet. What was that about?

Well, we reached this point in the middle of the war - it's December 1862 - when Lincoln actually says to one of his closest friends, we are now on the brink of destruction. And he was talking about a Cabinet crisis that was the result of this friction between these rivals. There was backbiting and intrigue, and it was ugly. Lincoln survived it, and that's why we tend to forget how ugly it was. But, you know, in the first two years of the conflict, the president is really struggling to manage these balky rivals.

And they're unable to, what, subsume their own egos to that of the president's?

You know, in retrospect, I think Doris Kearns Goodwin, you know, has a lot of wisdom when she says Lincoln had great personal strength to reach out to his rivals. But at the time, it was considered tremendous weakness and therefore, people in Washington at the beginning of the administration thought he was weak, and they tried to take advantage of it.

turn 3 : The speaker is reflecting on the fact that Lincoln's willingness to work with his rivals was seen as a weakness by some in Washington at the time, but in hindsight, it was a display of personal strength and leadership

How was Lincoln's willingness to work with his rivals perceived in Washington at the beginning of his administration?

Answer: Weakness


That is correct. This is a safe, sound and solid pick. And, you know, that's pretty much evidence that this was a decision made by the head and not by the heart - and maybe not entirely by Donald Trump's head alone because he likes to say he's most comfortable with decisions he makes on gut feelings.

And he's been very interested in a couple of other prospects that he feels a lot of affinity with. Newt Gingrich, as you know, Chris Christie have been very much in the running. Those are both much better known names. And they might not add much to Trump's political assets, but they would certainly be dynamic personalities on stage with him.

So the Pence choice was widely reported on Thursday and then sort of denied on Thursday night and then announced on Friday, after all, by tweet. What's going on with that?

Well, you know, it's been reported by CNN and NBC that Trump himself was undecided on this issue as late as Thursday night. Campaign chairman Paul Manafort has refused to say when the choice was really made, only to say that it was made by Donald Trump before he sent out that tweet on Friday morning.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: Although there may be variations in how people interpret it, the speaker is fairly confident that a significant number of individuals will understand that there is an underlying or implicit message conveyed through this turn. The meaning might not be immediately apparent and could require additional context, but the speaker believes that most people will recognize that there is a subtext or insinuation.

How might the PersonA's confidence in the recognition of an implicit message be described?

Answer: Fairly


So who is this father we're talking about?

Well, his name is Bashirul Shikder, and he's an American dad who is from Florida - lives in Florida. And four years ago, his two children - one of them was just an infant less than a year old - were kidnapped by their mother and taken to Syria, where she came to join ISIS. He's been trying to get his kids back since then. And then last month, he received the awful news that his wife had been killed in an explosion. His kids are injured with burns to their faces. So he came to Iraq. We followed him there, you know, next door to Syria where he was lobbying U. S.  officials to try to help, trying to locate these children who are somewhere in Syria.

Now it's been confirmed by - well, now multiple sources tell us - but I should say that it's not yet fully confirmed - that these two children and a half sister they now have are actually alive and still in Baghouz. Of course, the offensive on Baghouz has just started again, so this is really every parent's nightmare. What he is hearing is that the kids are there; they're being bombarded. But they're with a family who doesn't want to leave.

Wow. So this father might be watching U. S. -backed forces basically try to take out territory where his children might be still holed up somewhere.

turn 1 : The turn "He's been trying to get his kids back since then" is an example of a figurative language, as the father is not physically trying to retrieve his children but rather taking legal and diplomatic actions to locate and bring them back.

What is the father doing to retrieve his children?

Answer: Locating


So, you know, it was a very, very gutsy move because he and I, we didn't have a quarter. And I'm sure you're saying, well, how did you open up a restaurant without any money?Well, my grandmother, who was in her 90s, was gracious enough and had enough faith and confidence in us to use her house as collateral, and we took out a small 20,000 dollar loan, opened up a 2,000-square-foot restaurant in 1988.

And, the first day we opened, we were dead broke. We didn't have a cash register. There were so many things that we didn't have that I wouldn't dare try to open up a restaurant in today's time without. But in less than the two years - we leased the building for two years - in two years, not only had we paid my grandmother her money back, but we had saved 40,000 dollars. And we took that money and used it as a down payment and purchased our first restaurant.

Well, you know, I want to go to you, Gina, because I understand that there was a reunion at which you two reconnected. Tell me about that, first of all.

Pat and I dated in high school. As a matter of fact, our parents went to the same high school, and we got back together - we dated all through high school, we broke up, of course, and then we got back together at our 10-year reunion.

turn 1 : "dead broke" - This means that they had no money, rather than literally being physically broken or dead.

What did they not have on the first day of opening the restaurant?

Answer: cash-register


I wrote nothing that of the slightest consequence before I met Sarah. I was a gag man for Fred Allen for five years. In his time, he was the greatest of the radio comedians. And jokes work for what they are but they're ephemeral. They just disappear. And that was the kind of thing I did up until the time that I met Sarah and we married. And I would say my literary career and my mature life both began with her.

And she would read everything that you did, and I gather she wouldn't be shy about telling you to change stuff.

Well, Scott, I used to read the books to her as I wrote them. And I have to tell you, she didn't like "Marjorie" at all at first. I'm not sure she ever got used to it because I couldn't quite conceal the fact that I was sort of falling in love with this imaginary young woman. But she would tell me what she thought. It was almost always right. And I would either get angry because I thought she was wrong and then have to get used to it, or I heard right away that she was right.

May I ask how you're doing without her?

turn 0 : He was a comedian for Fred Allen, not an actual gag man.

How was PersonA's previous job with Fred Allen described?

Answer: Comedian


We have what are called the three amigos. And the three amigos are Secretary Perry, again, Ambassador Volker and myself. And we've been tasked with sort of overseeing the Ukraine-U. S.  relationship.

ORDOÑEZ: And mind you that all this is happening even as Trump and his officials are in the process of ousting the U. S.  ambassador to the Ukraine, who Trump recently called bad news.

What kind of reputation has Sondland built during his brief time as a diplomat?

ORDOÑEZ: You know, in some ways, Sondland is kind of like Trump. He's a businessman. He made his name in the hotel industry. People I spoke to said he has kind of a similar brash personality - a wheeler, a dealer, someone with a lot of confidence. He's kind of a larger-than-life character. When he hosted an Independence Day celebration in Brussels, he actually brought in Jay Leno as entertainment.

turn 1 : Trump said the person is bad at their job and causes trouble to others.

How did Trump describe the U.S. ambassador to Ukraine?

Answer: Bad


(Laughter) I'm not sure if that's a compliment, Steve. But thanks.

I don't know. If it means tough, if it means on top of things, it is you, Melissa. Own it.

Well, gosh. Thanks.

She's in Lyon, France. This is NPR News.

turn 0 : A is unsure whether Steve's comment is a compliment or not

Answer: Unsure


What - the more typical word that I hear from younger evangelicals is a sense of not knowing what to do. Many of them can't in good conscience vote for either Donald Trump or Hillary Clinton. And I think that it's going to take several months before we even know what the answer to that is going to be.

Can you explain what part of Donald Trump's message is working with religious voters so that they would overlook maybe even some of their basic Christian beliefs to support him?

Well, I think it is the fact that many religious conservatives believe that the Republican Party has not only taken them for granted but made fun of them behind closed doors. And so I've heard from those who are supporting Trump their vote for Trump is really a vote to kind of shut the entire system down and start all over again. I think that's a very common sentiment.

Russell Moore of the Southern Baptist Convention, thanks so much for joining us.

turn 0 : "not knowing what to do" - the literal meaning is that they are unsure of what actions to take, but the actual meaning could be that they are struggling to reconcile their religious beliefs with their political choices.

What is the reason for many religious conservatives to support Donald Trump despite their struggle to reconcile their religious beliefs with their political choices?

Answer: Conflict


Oh, well, you'll be surprised, Neal. Actually, Minnesota has more solar potential than anywhere in the eastern part of the U. S. , except for Florida. We have nice, clear winters and good, sunny summers. Germany, farther north than we are, has much more solar than about anywhere in the United States. So actually, we're pretty well-positioned for solar. You'll be surprised how much of the U. S.  could do well in solar. We also have a lot of wind potential here in Minnesota, especially in the western area. But it's more about, how do we get that electricity to the cities like Minneapolis or Chicago?

And, of course, we have bioenergy here, too, and the debates about things like corn ethanol. That's another big contentious issue here in the Midwest. And one where, again, middle grounds might have to be found between groups that are in very different poles on that issue.

And what do you think is the most promising - again, the symbolic areas, those are always going to be difficult. But are there other conversations that could be had that, as you say, skirt the ideology?

Well, it's very interesting. Regardless of, you know, how you think of him politically, the Obama administration has actually done more, may be by accident - or may be on purpose - to think about, to take on climate change than all previous administrations, really, combined. Our CO2 emissions in the United States have gone down pretty dramatically in the last few years, partly because of the recession, of course, but partly because people are retooling and getting more efficient.

turn 0 : Minnesota has good solar potential despite being in the northern part of the US

How is Minnesota's solar potential compared to Florida's in the eastern part of the US?

Answer: Florida


Tell us about the test. What is the implicit association test?How does that work?

This is a procedure that's sort of fun to play with. You can take it yourself on the Internet. It's a procedure that involves four steps. And first you're asked to rapidly classify white and black faces by pressing a left-side computer key for black faces or a right key for white faces. That's an easy test.

Second, same type of test, but now you're pressing the left key for unpleasant words, words like hurt or failure, and the right key for pleasant words for words like joy and love. That's an easy task, too.

Then it begins to get more difficult. We combine the tasks, the third step. Now the left key is for either white faces or unpleasant words, and the right key is for either black faces or pleasant words. This combination of two easy tasks can be quite difficult.

turn 1 : A: "This is a procedure that's sort of fun to play with."  The speaker is using the phrase "fun to play with" to describe an activity that may not necessarily be entertaining, but is interesting or engaging to participate in.

What is the PersonA's opinion of the IAT?

Answer: Positive


And the bottom line is - I think it's a bold step because, you know, he's still is subject to the Presidential Records Information Act. So, you know, anything he does on that could in fact be subpoenaed. So - but he's used to using it. I think it's going to make him continue to have that comfort zone. I think he's probably going to be very cautious as to what messages he decides to use that for. But if people want to subpoena that he's got to go and have somebody pick up the milk maybe. . .

You know, I don't know.

The president's got a Black Ops BlackBerry. That's going to be really. . .

Yeah, but they did remove….

turn 0 : The bottom line means the most important fact of the situation.

Which phrase refers to a possible legal action that could occur regarding the president's use of his BlackBerry?

Answer: Subpoenaed


And has the difficulties of the rebel forces, the defeat in Qusair, the prospect of a bigger defeat in Aleppo, has that concentrated minds on, well, we ought to get unified, otherwise we're going to be in serious trouble.

You would think, but it appears not yet. This is a very chaotic movement. The Free Syrian Army is a brand. It is not an army. And I have been reading accounts of the supreme military commander General Salim Idris, who is the Americans' favorite choice - the choice for funneling arms to the rebels. He was elected by commanders in December. His power on the ground is very limited.

It's certainly in Northern Syria. It is the radical Islamist brigades that have the most weapons, the most power, the most training. He is trying to build a force there hoping that the weapons that come to him from the Americans will give him some power that he - I read today that he had a meeting with commanders who were yelling at him. When you get these weapons, put them on TV so that we all know that they've arrived and then we'll have a transparent system. And he said, wait. In the military, you have to have secrets.

I'm not putting the weapons on TV. So you seen that he - I mean, I don't mean to laugh, but I. . .

turn 1 : Not arms that are funneled but weapons that are provided to them.

Which type of support does General Salim Idris hope to receive?

Answer: Hair


See how he do his mom?

Ms.  O'BRIEN: Ira struggles to provide for her large family, working two jobs: as a real estate agent and a licensed massage therapist.

I can't stop. I push myself more now than I ever have. There's times that, especially the summertime, I didn't come home until like 8 o'clock at night sometimes.

So what did you learn from talking to her?

turn 2 : I am working harder now than I used to, sometimes until late at night

Which time did I sometimes not come home until 8 o'clock at night?

Answer: summertime


You've been working, as we mentioned, on the Voyager mission since its genesis. What has kept you with this program all that time?

Voyager - well, Voyager is science. Science is about discovering things, about understanding what's around - what our neighborhood is like, what the universe is like. So as a scientist, this has been a wonderful journey because, especially during the encounters with the giant planets, every day there were a flood of discoveries. Next day - more discoveries. So as a scientist, this has been an incredibly wonderful mission to have been on. And even today at great distances, Voyager is still doing things no spacecraft has done before and still presenting us with puzzles that we are trying to sort through.

They are still on a voyage. Where are they now?

Well, this was a mission - we had a four-year mission to Jupiter and Saturn. We had two spacecrafts so that we would have a high probability of at least one succeeding on its four-year journey to Saturn and, of course, both have succeeded and exceeded by a great amount.

turn 3 : "exceeded by a great amount." - actual meaning: the spacecrafts have surpassed their original mission goals and continued to function well beyond their expected lifetime.

Answer: Mission


You've lived with HIV your entire conscious life - I mean, as I understand it, that you contracted HIV through blood transfusion when you were an infant in the early 1980s. So do you sense a change in how HIV has been viewed by the broader public and not just by the medical community?I mean, do you remember - I mean, I don't know that most of us kind of as kids think about becoming an organ donor, right?

(Laughter).

But do you remember feeling that the world of possibility has changed for you?

I do think in some places in America things definitely have changed with the science. In places, for example, where I live in the Deep South, there are a lot of long-held stigmatizing beliefs that people still have. And one of the reasons I did decide to go public as a resident of Atlanta was to really push people's perceptions into the 21st century because I couldn't think of any better way to show people that, you know, this isn't the 1980s anymore. You can live a long and healthy life living with HIV. People like me don't bring death, we can actually bring life.

turn 3 : A's statement "People like me don't bring death, we can actually bring life" is an example of non-literal meaning as it is not meant to be taken literally. It is a metaphorical statement to challenge the stigmatizing beliefs associated with HIV and to promote awareness that individuals with HIV can lead long and fulfilling lives.

What is the purpose of PersonA's statement about people with HIV not bringing death?

Answer: Challenge


I never approached any of the essayists with ideas in mind in terms of what I wanted them to write about. I wanted them to speak to their own truth to whatever they felt was the most poignant experience for them. And that was it for Nada, and Nada wrote so honestly about what she'd experienced. And it was all tied as well into her own career. It wasn't just about losing Anthony. It was about how all of those different threads came together in her life - the Arab Spring.

And that takes me back to the idea of hopelessness because that's Nada's story. She felt that way, and she was speaking to her own truth. And some of the women have similar feelings about the region, where it's almost like, well, this is just - the losses are too steep.

We mentioned resiliency. Are there other themes that connect these essays?

I think identity is a big one. All of them definitely feel very strongly about where they come from. I tend to say there's this idea of a homeland - and it's quite poetic in the Arab world - where, I'm from here. I want to be telling the story. This is the truth of what's happening in my homeland.

turn 0 : The essayists were free to write about what was most poignant to them without any predetermined ideas (1)

What was the main topic of Nada's essay?

Answer: ArabSpring


My pleasure.

Could you just tell us what the weather is like right now?

Well, currently, it's been blue day. I mean, we've had some bands of rain come through from time to time, but it's a nice day. The water is calm. It's clouding up a little bit.

Do you have any guests at the resort at the moment?

turn 1 : blue day implies a rainy and cloudy day.

How would you describe the weather on a blue day?

Answer: Cloudy.


That's right. The discussions we've had about whether the First Lady should have worn clothing by black designers for her husband's inauguration is still creating a lot of traffic. Aljory Stallings(ph) wrote us this on our Web site, I am completely irritated on this trivial commentary on this issue. I wonder if the black designers who were complaining about this realize that by doing that, they are cutting off their noses to spite their faces.

Flora Gayle(ph) chimed in with this, I think she needs to get some credit for almost always wearing American designers. I am not black, but I do work in fashion. I think before we start judging this, we should look at how many black students are going to fashion school. I wish there were more.

And Dianne Truckenberg(ph) wrote in to say, I am concerned with the concept drawing lines for black versus white, for fill in whatever topic. Insistence on basing decisions on whether or not something or someone is of a certain race will certainly bring back racial tension.

And then last week, we had a discussion about spanking with Judge Lynn Toller. Well, that topic raised a lot of listener hackles. Here are a few letters that summed up the debate. Christopher Watson(ph) sent us this, I sat in my car shocked as I listened to your program talk about spanking. I'm a 33-year-old black male who was spanked as a child and has since worked for several organizations fighting domestic and sexual violence and child abuse. I was slack-jawed as I heard two highly educated adults advocate child abuse.

turn 3 : The discussion on spanking raised concerns among listeners and caused shock among advocates against domestic and sexual violence and child abuse.

How did some advocates against domestic and sexual violence and child abuse react to the discussion on spanking?

Answer: Shock


Let me ask you this. Do you know Pat Cipollone?

We've met.

I assume he is also very familiar with the Constitution having gotten as far as he has in his legal career.

Look, he's doing what his client wants him to do.

turn 3 : He should not be blamed for anything as he only does what he is told to do.

Answer: anything


Abortion. Abortion.

Really?

Because it's such a driving issue, a lot of one-issue abortion voters. The courts are determining what's legal in abortion. We see now that the court has got these new two conservative members to the Supreme Court and the lower courts. That's why you see states now pushing ahead with their tough abortion restrictions because they think that they can get these upheld. So I do think abortion - school prayer. Ronald Reagan played on school prayer when he was running. And these were the kind of things that conservatives vote on. These are important to them.

These are these sort of moral and cultural issues that they are interested in, consumed by to some regard. And so the courts have just been more important to them. You do see Democrats reacting now. There's new groups springing up. Demand Justice is a new group that was started to kind of make Democrats more aware of the potency of the court and the importance and why Democrats should be more interested in voting on it. I do think, in this election, Democrats are going to talk a lot more about the Supreme Court than they have in the past.

turn 0 : Abortion is a controversial and politically charged topic.

How would you describe the topic mentioned in turn 0?

Answer: Abortion


Yeah, well, this is an excellent question. First of all, the thing that they looked back to if they wanted to think back to a time of real hardship, it would have been the depression of the early 1890s, which was about as close to them as the depression is to us, but closer actually. So, in the 1890s, you had upwards of 20 percent unemployment.

This was caused by some crisis to do with a run on the U. S.  dollar, and gold flowing out of the United States Treasury and so forth, and so on. And you had really large numbers of the unemployed straggling along American roads looking for work. This is in an age of a lot of anxiety about hobos, and tramps, and the threat to public order that they might have represented.

And I think if we had had motion pictures from the 1890s, we would probably regard that as a great depression. But the key thing maybe to think about there is, it wasn't obviously going to be the great depression by Christmas 1929. And maybe, even it wasn't obviously going to be the great depression by Christmas 1930. It was something that kind of crept slowly and sickeningly upon people.

And this thesis that really it's the information revolution, it's the online world in exchange of all that we know, this thesis probably is not such a big factor, you think, in what's going on.

turn 0 : The depression of the early 1890s was the closest event of real hardship that people could compare to the Great Depression

How was the Great Depression compared to the depression of the early 1890s?

Answer: hardship


I think there is. There has been a lot of talk here about that, not officially from the state board. But I think when you have both candidates kind of saying they would be open to it, it's really on the table. And the state board does have the ability to do this. They can call an election if - by law, if improprieties occurred to such an extent that they taint the results of the entire election and cast doubts on its fairness.

And any idea when a new election might be in the 9th District?

So - right. We have no idea. And they have said they are mindful that the new Congress is supposed to be seated on January 3. But I think it's going to be probably very difficult if they do do an election to get it done that quickly. Another question is, kind of what kind of election would you have?Would you redo the entire 9th District. . .

Yeah.

turn 0 : There is a possibility of an election despite no official announcement yet.

What has been causing doubts on the fairness of the election?

Answer: Improprieties