The children of Jamal Khashoggi have begun receiving compensation. Khashoggi was the journalist from Saudi Arabia who vanished last year. After initial denials, Saudi authorities now acknowledge he was killed after he walked into a Saudi Consulate in Istanbul. The newspaper that once published Khashoggi's columns, The Washington Post, now reports on apparent early moves toward paying blood money to Khashoggi's relations.

Greg Miller reported this story for The Post. Good morning, sir.

Good morning.

What have the children been paid?

turn 3 :  "What have the children been paid?" The implied meaning is not simply asking for information about the amount of compensation the children received, but rather questioning the ethics and morality of the situation, suggesting that it is inappropriate for the children to receive compensation for their father's death.

Which implied meaning is conveyed through turn 3?

Answer: Inappropriate


And what exactly is happening in Tulsa?

Well, so all of this water from upstream that's coming from northeast Oklahoma is heading downstream into Tulsa. They have these aging levees. Many of them were built in the 1940s. The Keystone Dam is releasing huge amounts of water, and that has led to thousands of people being evacuated from their homes in the Tulsa area.

And then if you go down river, as you get closer to Arkansas, some communities, like Braggs and Webbers Falls, have been totally emptied out. One mayor earlier this week told people that if they refuse to evacuate, they should write their identification on their arm.

Wow. I mean, it does sound as though it's just an overwhelmingly awful combination of floods and tornadoes and bad weather. What are people saying as you are out and about interviewing people and, I guess, just talking to your own neighbors?

turn 1 : The levees are old and may not be able to withstand the water, causing people to evacuate.

What led to the evacuation of thousands of people from their homes in Tulsa?

Answer: Water


Unidentified Children's Choir: (Singing) They don't teach us the ABCs We play on the hard concrete All we got is life on the streets All we got is life on the streets

(Singing) Rock, you know my era B-boy seasoning, salt-n-pepa Grown and sexy, come with the extra Crushed up linen, fly like Cessna…

Mr.  K'NAAN: I have so many different influences and inspirations and I feel like there's never a reason to disguise those influences. I think "ABC's" is just like a classic K'naan song in the sense that it gives you the conflict of, should I dance or should I think, you know.

Does suffering make for more realistic rap lyrics and provide more credibility the more you suffer?

turn 0 : All they have is the way of life that takes place outside of buildings.

How do the children feel about their educational opportunities?

Answer: Crowding


The FBI does criminal investigations better than anybody. But again, at some point in time, if you've got a stovepipe there, where the two agencies aren't talking to each other, either in Washington or on the ground you've got a real problem. And there's not an excuse for it, 13, well, 12 years now after 9/11. You know, this is - supposedly should not be rocket science but somehow it becomes that.

And to solve it, is this executive order or is this something Congress has to get involved with?

Well, this is where, you know, the interagency problem gets to be really challenging because, you know, if you look at the Constitution, every head of agency, you know, if the guy on the ground goes all the way up to his head of agency, they only report to the president. So obviously it's got to be something that the executive authority does, and he has got to delegate that authority if he is not willing to sit there and handle every crisis that comes down the pike. He has got to delegate it to somebody on the ground who can say do this thing. I don't care, you know, I don't want you talking to your agency back home. You're working for me, do it. And. . .

Gary Anderson?

turn 0 : If you've got something keeping two agencies from talking to one another.  This should not be hard to understand and solve.

Answer: Communication


Let's get back to the news organizations who weren't permitted in this briefing. Now, I gather this kind of briefing is called a gaggle. What happened?

That's right.

Were you there?What did you see?

Well, what happened is instead of the daily on-camera briefing, Sean Spicer called a gaggle so he could talk to the pool. That's the small group of reporters that go places where the entire press corps can't fit. And then they share their transcripts and their notes with everyone else in the press corps. The White House said this gaggle would have an extended pool. And turns out they invited some additional organizations, but they pointedly excluded others like CNN, The New York Times, Politico. NPR was not there.

turn 2 : (3) implies that the speaker wants to know what the speaker observed,

How did Sean Spicer communicate with the pool reporters during the gaggle?

Answer: Transcripts


You know, Latin America used to be the region of crisis where crises used to be the most frequent and most sinister. And this time around, Latin America is being hit from an outside shock, and the shock finds Latin America in a relatively strong position in terms of its domestic policy frameworks. So, the shock this time is very interesting for Latin America, contrast with its past where domestic financial system and domestic policies are not a source of trouble, independent source of trouble. Therefore, the shock is coming from outside, it's hitting Latin American countries that are most open and small and have greater exposure to the U. S.  markets…

Now we're seeing…

Latin America and Mexico. South America, by contrast is being hit with a delay. When you go to Colombia or Peru, people are aware of the bad news of the global economy, but in the local economy they do not feel the - the impact with great strength yet.

Now, we're seeing reports, for example, that say that unemployment has hit every sector in Latin America, even the bodyguards in drug-torn countries like Colombia are losing their jobs. How big an issue is unemployment?

turn 3 : They are implying that drugs running rampant in their country may be cause for "unemployment."

Which country's bodyguards are losing their jobs due to unemployment?

Answer: Colombia


(Laughter) Absolutely, it does.

All right.

So I mean, I followed up on this trip with sort of other road trips - you know, road trips hitting major cities in the U. S. , road trips hitting major sites in Europe. I've also started using it when you're walking around a city as a tourist and trying to hit all the hotspots there. And also, actually last month, I used a very similar algorithm, strangely enough, to solve the "Where's Waldo" children's book as well.

What do you mean you solved "Where's Waldo?"

turn 3 : Using the algorithm to find Waldo in a Where's Waldo book.

Answer: Find


So if there is somebody out there listening, and I'm sure there are people who are over 70 or over 80, and who have thought, well, I'd like to go back and pick up that extra degree and - but I don't know if it's practical, why would you tell them that it's something that's good to do?

First thing, why would it not be practical?If it's something someone wants and something they had missed all of their lives, and they know as they're getting older that they're getting closer to the end of the line, it is something they want to do before they pass on. You know, you didn't come here to stay and you will perish. So if that's the last thing you wanted to do, then I should do it. But first, I want to remind you that you must have good health, you must have good stamina and the interest has to be there. If the interest is not there, forget about it; you're wasting your time.

And as far as health goes, what's your best advice for how to stay healthy?

First, I would like to say I have never had a headache in my life. I don't take no medications for nothing. All my vital signs are good. You have to pay attention to what you eat, not eat too much fat, watch your salt intake, watch your alcohol intake, stay away from drugs and smoking.

turn 3 :  "I have never had a headache in my life." - This turn is hyperbolic and exaggerates the speaker's lack of experience with headaches. It is unlikely to be literally true for most people.

What is the PersonA's experience with headaches?

Answer: Lack


And the story is conveyed through the eyes of this young woman, this farmer's wife, who discovers it, actually, in a - she's kind of in an awkward situation. She's going somewhere where she's not supposed to be, and she sees it and she's not allowed to tell anyone. But she feels it's her personal burning bush. She takes it as a warning to go back.

I wanted to write it initially through her eyes so that you, too, would not know what you are seeing. But later. . .

If SCIENCE FRIDAY didn't spoil it.

Well, yeah. But you see what I mean?Because it is about perception and how we need to be - to understand what we're seeing before we can really see it, that's really key to understanding this whole issue of climate change and why we see or don't see what's right in front of us.

turn 1 : Writing through the woman's perspective is done to create mystery.

What is the purpose of the narrative perspective in the story?

Answer: mystery


The director of the U. S.  Census Bureau, John H.  Thompson, announced his retirement this week in the wake of a disagreement with Congress over funding for the 2020 census. The census is conducted every 10 years. The results determine how many seats in Congress and electoral votes that each state receives, and it helps guide how more than $400 billion is spent each year on education, health and infrastructure.

We're joined now by Robert Groves. He's former director of the U. S.  Census Bureau. He's now the provost of Georgetown University. Mr.  Groves, thanks so much for being with us.

Good morning. Great to be with you.

Congress has approved nearly $1. 5 billion to fund the census this fiscal year, and it's supposed to be the same for next year. Is that enough?

turn 3 : (4) implies that Congress' budget for the census may be insufficient for the project.

What does turn 3 imply about Congress' budget for the census?

Answer: Insufficient


Is it important to the grassroots to have that still?

Absolutely. I mean, fiscal responsibility is still a measure of what I would call conservative values. The problem is we just don't seem to see the Congress expressing those values any longer. The CBO and the GAO have both said that this kind of spending cannot be sustained. And what can't continue won't continue. So it's irresponsible for us not to deal with the spending issue.

Mark Meckler is the president of Citizens for Self-Governance. Thank you so very much.

Thanks for having me, Lulu. I appreciate it.

turn 0 : grassroots is a movement made by a district and still implies that it holds the feature in order to hold the government's attention.

What is the feature that the still holds?

Answer: Attention


Is Joaquin Guzman, El Chapo, any less of a folk hero to some Mexicans now that he's been recaptured?

That was also a discussion, if Sean Penn's piece was portraying him as a hero. And I don't think that in Mexico we consider El Chapo a hero, not as Pablo Escobar was considered a hero in Colombia back in the '80s. People know that El Chapo is not a hero. People know that he's a criminal, that he has committed murders, that he was one of the most wanted men in the world. So I don't think that people consider him a hero. He's just a character that people are wondering about and are very curious about.

Has the Mexican government tried to spin this story, as we might say?

Yeah, the Mexican government, I think that has been very intelligent in sharing some information with some newspapers, with some TVs, giving a little bit, giving cookies to different media to portray different stories about El Chapo. And I think that what they're trying to do is to actually stop the Mexican people believing that El Chapo is a hero. And they're attacking him where it hurts most to a Mexican man - machismo. So they're actually portraying a drug lord who wasn't able to perform sexually. So they're giving all these details now about El Chapo having surgery to perform better as a lover. But I think that's actually quite a shaming and quite embarrassing for a man in Mexico.

turn 3 :  In turn (4), "they're attacking him where it hurts most to a Mexican man - machismo" implies that the Mexican government is trying to discredit El Chapo by bringing up stories of his allegedly poor sexual performance.

What aspect of El Chapo's persona is the Mexican government attempting to undermine?

Answer: Machismo


So, you're skeptical about a car czar. You think that there should be loans, though, with strict provisions attached to them.

Right, right.

What else?What else needs to be done?I mean, this is a massive, massive problem, and two of the three are facing extinction at this point.

Don't forget, what's putting them in this condition is the economic, you know, the economic condition of the nation right now. But the kind of fixed-cost structure that these auto companies have is massive, massive losses that have to do with what's happening to demand.

turn 0 : The car czar should not be the only answer to the auto industry's problems; loans should be offered, but with strict conditions.

Which answer does PersonA give when PersonB asks what needs to be done in addition to offering loans with strict provisions?

Answer: Loans


I've got to ask you a high hard one, as they call it in baseball, Monsignor. Can you understand if a number of faithful Catholics stand up during Mass tomorrow and tell their priest, look; I'm sorry, father, but what moral authority do you or does the church have to tell me anything when it's hurt so many people who loved it and concealed those crimes for decades?

You know, I certainly understand it. That was what Cardinal Cupich said, actually. He said that if the church doesn't get this right, its moral authority is shot. And so why we're having a global summit on an issue that the church says this is in the front burner and we - they don't do global summits on anything. So the church is trying to say, yeah, this is important, and if we don't get this right, it's over.

Are you concerned the church is going to lose its moral authority over this issue or has already lost its moral authority?

Well, I'm sure it has. It has with many people. There's no question about it. And right - and I think the church has a responsibility, say, to clean up its own act before it tells other people how to act. I totally agree with that.

Monsignor Stephen Rossetti of the Catholic University of America, thanks so much for being with us.

turn 3 : The church should clean up its own act before telling others what to do.

What is the responsibility of the church before telling others what to do?

Answer: Clean


That's it. It's a very interesting technology. It shoots this - 125,000 laser pulses a second down at the rainforest canopy. Now - and then it measures the reflections. Now, 99 percent of what's reflected comes off leaves. But here and there, there are tiny gaps in the canopy where a laser beam can reach the ground, bounce off and go back up to the plane. And then with massive software processing, they're able to remove all the reflections from leaves, leaving only the ground.

And it's just incredible to see these scientists at work. I mean, you see this impenetrable rainforest canopy. And then with a press of a button, it disappears and you see everything on the ground. It's absolutely amazing.

Well, it's a little more complicated than that. They have to then process the signals that they receive back from the ground. As you say, most of them come back from leaves. And I think, what, they handed you the disc and you flew it out and gave it to the computer guy.

Well, that's right. And in fact, it is very complicated. The LIDAR machine has inside it a highly classified thing called an IMU, an Inertial Measurement Unit that was developed for the military for use in guided missiles. And in order to get an export permit for the plane, the State Department required that the plane be guarded by armed soldiers at all times when it was on the ground because this is a very highly classified piece of equipment. Because it's important to locate the plane in the air in three dimensions as it's flying to within an accuracy of about a centimeter. I mean, that's incredible.

turn 0 : The LIDAR machine is a highly classified technology.

Answer: LIDAR


Now to address this, there are a number of policy proposals on the table. They're called push and pull incentives, which can entice these companies to stay in the antibiotic business. A push incentive might be something where you go to a company that's making billions of dollars and say we'll cut your corporate tax rate if you promise to invest some of those profits into new antibiotics. This is a sure-fire way to get more money into the pipeline. However, many people recoil at the idea of giving a tax break to a multi-billion dollar company.

We started our conversation talking about the patient you referred to as Jackson - a gunshot wound, you had some difficult choices to make with him in terms of treatment. How did it work out for him?

Well, without giving away too much, he does - his story does have a happy ending. But it does not involve antibiotics. And I think that his case is emblematic of the fact that we're increasingly shifting away from the typical model of using antibiotics to treat infections. And there is an array of new treatment options that are coming out - things like bacteriophages and CRISPR-based gene-editing techniques, where we can use a molecular scalpel to modify a strand of nucleic acids to create a new treatment that will cure patients.

But what I want readers to appreciate is how difficult it will be to bring those discoveries into your local hospital based on the current financial model. In many cases, it simply will never happen because the challenges of getting a drug approved by the FDA are so formidable that companies just don't want to go there.

turn 0 : Giving a tax break to a multi-billion dollar company is controversial

What is one proposed incentive to entice companies to stay in the antibiotic business?

Answer: Push


And she - my wife went and found the chaplain at Northwestern - a Lutheran chaplain who'd never performed a wedding before. She came to our room and performed the ceremony, just the three of us. It was a lovely, personal, intimate ceremony. And immediately after the ceremony, I took some pain medication and peed in a cup.

Well, that's one way to say l'chaim, isn't it?I made a short list: addiction abuse, adultery, abandonment, imminent incest and just plain old hatred. So is every family is a little bit like the Westons of Osage County?

What we have seen by doing this play is that the story of this family is pretty universal. And the dinner scene alone, in the theater - I can tell you that some people are howling with laughter, and other people are in tears and crawling under their seats. They find it very upsetting to watch because it hits pretty close to home.

"Fiddler on the Roof" with the F word?

That's one way to look at it.

turn 3 : (4) B: ""Fiddler on the Roof" with the F word?"

Which musical did PersonB mention while discussing the use of profanity in the play?

Answer: Fiddler


Chop, chop into smallish pieces.

OK.

Then you soften eight ounces of cream cheese, and you blend that with two-thirds of a cup of sour cream, get it all nice and smooth and then you spread that over the minced onion.

And you have the ambulance on speed dial, but yeah. . .

turn 0 : The implied meaning is to cut the onion into very small pieces.

Answer: cut


Right.

. . . And the British Parliament. And British lawmakers are threatening to block it, which, again, means that we're in, you know, a gray zone of not knowing exactly what happens next. The European Parliament is likely to approve it because, again, all of their heads of state will have approved it tomorrow. So I mean, there are still huge, huge. . .

Yeah.

. . . Problems and difficulties ahead for Prime Minister Theresa May.

turn 1 : This statement implies that while the British parliament are having approving a decision, the European parliament are good to go with the approval.

What is the likelihood of the European Parliament approving the decision?

Answer: Likely


Tomorrow, car sales numbers for November are due out, and they're not expected to be good. That could lead to more dealerships shutting down, and that could mean a big loss of revenue for local governments. For example, this year, the state of California has lost at least two billion dollars in sales taxes due to the drop in car sales.

To get a better sense of how local governments are coping, we're joined now by Marshall Bond. He is the city manager for Monroeville, Pennsylvania. Thanks for joining us, and why don't you tell us how many car dealerships are in Monroeville?

Just about every major domestic and foreign manufacturer sells cars here in Monroeville.

And so, how much of your budget comes from the revenue from car sales at these dealerships?

We have a business tax which obviously is, I'd say, probably of that - I'd say total tax is probably about 15 to 20 percent is based upon our related car industry.

turn 0 : The car sales numbers for November are expected to be bad and it may lead to dealership shutdowns, causing a big loss of revenue for local governments.

Which month's car sales numbers are expected to be poor?

Answer: November


There's a couple of things they have to deliver. I'll give you an example. In Jarabulus, 22,000 refugees are there, and the town is dealing with them. There is no international aid there. And so it is up to the townspeople to care for 22,000 people who have descended on this small farming town. They have to take the money out of their own pockets, buy the tents, bring them bread, make sure they're OK. So there is an international aid component to this. There, of course, is also an arms part to this.

But let me tell you, there were two events over the last couple of days that really mean that the rebels don't need international arms. They took two major bases around Aleppo. And as one commander said, I have never seen so much booty. And these were heavy weapons that were taken from the Syrian army.

You know, analysts in the past couple of days have stopped calling this a stalemate. And they are beginning to recognize that the rebels have made significant gains on the battlefield. And the weapons that they took in these two places will make a major difference in the way that they're able to fight. And it also shows that they are more organized than they've been in the way that they are fighting the regime.

We've also - obviously the opposition forces inside Syria have no air force whatsoever. They have been trying to attack Syrian air bases on the ground to limit Syria's air capabilities that way. Is that beginning to have an effect?

turn 1 : The Rebels have gained access to heavy weapons through their victories, and they may not need international arms.

What did the rebels gain through their recent victories?

Answer: Weapons.


Reptilian, exactly, and now we know that many species of dinosaurs had feathers or simple filaments that seem to be feather precursors in some cases.

Do your findings come from the relatively recent discovery that some dinosaurs had feathers?Is this sort of, like, the next step?

We are sort of taking the next. In the last 10 years, we've discovered that we can gain insight into the colors of dinosaurs and how they may have used visual signals in important contexts. And so what we wanted to ask is, can we gain insight into the vocal communication that extinct dinosaurs might have had?

Well, so what's next for you in your research?

turn 1 :  is actually asking if A's findings are related to the discovery that some dinosaurs had feathers, rather than just asking for a literal explanation of the findings.

How did PersonB ask about the relation between PersonA's findings and the discovery of feathers in some dinosaurs?

Answer: relation


That's right. That's the difference between income tax and the payroll tax, exactly that.

Exactly, exactly.

Ron Elving, NPR senior Washington Editor, always laying it out for us. He joined me here in Studio 3A. Ron, thank you so much.

Thank you, Celeste.

turn 2 : laying it out implies that it was explained to others

Answer: Joined


Well, no. There is no sign of that yet. They cannot do everything the Trump administration wants because, as we've discussed before, we are asking for structural changes that are at the core of the Chinese Communist Party's governance of China. So they - no, they cannot do that.

And they're entering, remember, a very sensitive political season. You've got the 30th anniversary of the Tiananmen Massacre coming up. They need to look strong. Xi Jinping puts himself forward as sort of the all-knowing, all-powerful leader of China. And he has to seem that it - to be defending the interest of the Chinese people.

So what are the risks to the United States, if continuing to raise tariffs, if it doesn't push China to make a deal?

Well, all of these tariffs cost the American people. President Trump repeatedly says that China is simply transferring money to American coffers. But there are numerous academic studies which indicate that these costs are being borne by the American importers and increasingly by American consumers.

And China is going to be very careful when it retaliates to target consumers in sectors in the United States that are supportive of President Trump. They've already done this in targeting soybeans. They're very deft politically, and that's what they'll continue to do. So they are going to make him politically pay a price. And American consumers will pay as well.

turn 1 : Xi Jinping needs to appear strong and defend the interest of the Chinese people during the sensitive political season

What is Xi Jinping's main concern during the sensitive political season?

Answer: Defend


So as an AP world history teacher, I know that, with the way that the exam has been, students have had the opportunity to really dive into content in their deep past - right?- and look at things all around the world and draw comparisons through them. And with this change, those things will no longer be assessed. And we're really just cutting down history to about less than 600 years.

Doesn't a good teacher like yourself already have to leave out a lot if you're dealing with 10,000 years of history?

Yeah. I mean, teaching history is a lot about making choices based on what you're teaching and what lens you're teaching it through. But I think what College Board will need to focus on is to really train teachers in how to teach students how to ask big questions and how to, you know, organize the material and thematically so that we can understand the context of the world that we live in today because it's complicated. And it includes all people. And we can't just look at it from what's happened in the last 600 years.

What about schools that might say, look - we can offer courses in history that is essentially pre-Columbian?Let's say year 0 to 1450 - and offer the AP course from 1450 to current day.

turn 0 : you imply that something is the case

What is the subject that the College Board needs to focus on training teachers?

Answer: Teachers


I will say that it has been the economic situation. Although, it looks good on paper, and it looks good theoretically. But the poverty is very high. We have seen that he has been closing all the public spaces and shut down any kind of politics. He has been arrested over than 80,000 Egyptians since 2013 to now. Dozens, hundreds of mass death sentence have been issued by his courts. Dozens have been executed every year. So there is unprecedented crackdown and unprecedented repressions that not even existed during the Mubarak era, which some people could say that Mubarak's era was a liberal era for Egypt if it's compared to what we have - we are living under now. Egypt is very fragile and far away from being stable.

We're hearing the call to prayer, of course, behind you. Did I hear you say that you might look back on the Mubarak era as a liberal, enlightened, progressive era for Egypt?

I would say that the significant differences between Mubarak and Sissi - Mubarak was a dictator. Let's agree on this. But there is a level of repression that actually will not cripple the state to function. And that was the situation under Mubarak. So the level of repression right now under Sissi really cripples the state of functioning.

Mr.  Zaree, does - near as you can tell, does President Sissi still have the support of the military who helped him gain power?

turn 2 : The level of repression makes it hard for the country to function on all levels.

Which aspect of the country's situation is affected by the level of repression?

Answer: Functioning


When she decided it was not in the national interest to grant security clearances for these 25 individuals, her supervisor overruled her and never provided any rationale for his decisions. In the past, when she was overruled on rare occasion, they would - supervisor would point out the mitigating circumstances and would work with her to assess the risk. Her former supervisor Carl Kline wouldn't speak to her, in fact would direct her not to get involved in these disputed security adjudications.

There has been reporting that President Trump got personally involved in order to grant security clearances for his son-in-law and others. Do you have any awareness of that?

My client would have no direct awareness of that. It was at a much higher level than she was operating at.

turn 3 :  "What led your client Tricia Newbold to conclude that the problems she was seeing in her office could not be addressed within the executive branch that she works for but instead needed to be addressed by Congress?"  The phrase "addressed by Congress" is figurative, as it means that the issues raised by Tricia Newbold needed to be dealt with by the legislative branch of government, rather than just the executive branch where she worked.

What is the figurative meaning of "addressed by Congress" in the statement?

Answer: Legislative


So how did this come to your attention?

It was actually something that I feel like I had noticed being in sort of tourist-heavy destinations myself. It turns out that this is actually a phenomenon that's happening around the world. Barcelona, Paris, Tokyo are receiving floods of visitors that, in many cases, they just can't handle. So the number of international arrivals around the world - so the number of people going to a country that they're, you know, not a citizen or a resident of - has gone from 70 million in 1960 to 1. 4 billion today. So just really astonishingly explosive growth.

So you've talked about the root cause of this. And one is just that there are more people who are able to travel - right?- a larger middle class. But you also talk about business trends that have contributed to overtourism, especially new media. What can you tell us?

So there are sites like Airbnb and VRBO, which have increased what we might think of as the carrying capacity of certain cities. They've decreased the cost of staying in them, and they've allowed residents of those cities or property owners to rent rooms out, where all of a sudden it's just a lot easier to get a room; many more tourists can stay there.

turn 1 : The number of international arrivals has increased rapidly in popular tourist destinations.

How has tourism changed in popular destinations?

Answer: Increase


It's a delight to be back with you, Scott.

Now, is this just another drip in the FIFA scandal or does this suggest that the Justice Department is any closer to sorting all of this out?

Well, the noose is tightening. Similar scenes in Brazil have gone on in Germany. It's kind of like the end of the "Godfather" movies where the dominoes are all falling, one by one. Sepp Blatter, the farcical little man who's run FIFA for the past couple of decades - FIFA, the nonprofit of a billion-and-a-half cash reserve. It's a wonderful - they're my favorite kind of nonprofit.

It's the kind of nonprofit NPR should be, but go ahead, yes.

turn 2 : The actual meaning of turn (3) is different from its literal meaning. While the literal meaning suggests that there are similar scenes in Brazil and Germany as in the FIFA scandal, the implied meaning is that there are investigations and consequences in those countries related to corruption in football

Answer: Consequences


Yes, they are in re-settlement areas. For example, in Mozambique you have 258,000 people, 90,000 of whom have been displaced over the past month or so. In Malawi you already have 700 cholera cases that have been reported. You have about 152,000 people who have been affected. So they are moving away from their home areas into re-settlement camps.

Let's move to Kenya in the east of Africa. The talks between President Kibaki and opposition leader Raila Odinga continue today outside of Nairobi and the negotiations are being mediated by former U. N.  Secretary General Kofi Annan. Since the post-election violence began in late December, more than 1,000 people have been killed and hundreds of thousands have been displaced. There are also reports of a wave of sexual violence against women who've been displaced by this turmoil. So Cassandra, what's going on here?

Since the violence after the disputed elections on December 27th, we're seeing that this situation has put women and girls at great risk of sexual assault. We know that always in situations of conflict women and girls are in danger. And in Kenya it is no different. We are hearing reports from Nairobi, from the Nairobi general hospital, that there may be as many as double the number of cases of rape within the days following the eruption of the violence.

And what we know is that for every case that is being treated or is being reported, there are many more victims who fail to seek help.

turn 2 : Women and girls in Kenya are at high risk of sexual assault due to the conflict.

How are women and girls in Kenya affected by the conflict?

Answer: Sexual-assault


The government sets the interest rates and so the banks can make a lot money. And if you're a Chinese person, you can't really get much of your capital out of the country. So where else are you going to put it?

One of the problems with the banks is that they tend to invest in state-owned enterprises. It's kind of part of their job, and it's less risky. But most of the jobs in China are really produced by private enterprise, as they are here in the United States. And it's much harder for them to get capital. So people are, in many ways, feelings that the economy is out of whack in a number ways and that there need to be some serious changes. The government knows this, but there are now very strong vested interests in state-owned enterprises and the banks. And so getting that done is not going to be easy politically.

And even some of those big industries who are in the, I guess, the equivalent of a China's Pittsburgh, the Steel City, and a couple of vast enterprises there, well, they've gone under.

The over-capacity in the steel is extraordinary, and the debt now is over $400 billion. It's actually owned by steel companies largely to Chinese banks. And it's going to take years to work through that over-capacity.

turn 3 : Chinese steel industry's overcapacity and debt are significant problems

How much is the debt in Chinese steel industry?

Answer: $400


What in this agreement makes it better in your perspective?Because you did say that there was something in it that was, so tell me one thing.

There are. The labor chapter itself is better. However, if you can't enforce the labor chapter, it is meaningless. And so we're trying to get the enforcement on three different levels that I outlined earlier.

So what's your message to Democrats here?I mean, the issue is, so far, the administration has been trying to work with the Democrats. I mean, the trade chief, for example, the U. S.  trade representative, Robert Lighthizer, has been working with Democrats to hear their concerns about it. I mean, and House Speaker Nancy Pelosi has appointed nine House Democrats to committees to negotiate these sort of - these changes.

But there is this some sense that, you know, the administration - others in the administration would like to fast-track it. There is a mechanism for doing that. I mean, do you have a specific message to Democrats?Because, as you know, with such a large - particularly with such a large presidential field, you've got all kinds of different opinions about international trade in that group. Do you know what I mean?So do you have a specific message to them about how to - you would like to see them proceed?

turn 1 : The labor chapter is better but useless without proper enforcement on three different levels.

What is the one thing that is meaningless without proper enforcement on three different levels?

Answer: Labor


Now what we didn't hear was a huge thunderous applause that you got from the crowd. Would you run for office again?And if so, what office?

I do - I would like to run for office. I really believe very firmly in public service. I enjoyed my years as lieutenant governor. And, you know, as a small-government Republican, really began to appreciate beyond the rhetoric of just saying, you know, I want a smaller government, but really focusing on how you make government work for people and how you make it efficient - more efficient partner in our daily lives.

And so I walked away from the office with a great appreciation for the value of public service and the importance that you can play in helping small businesses, in getting healthcare where it needs to be, and in dealing with problems of crime and the things that lead up to people to do things that create problems in their community, recidivism, and drug addiction, and things like that. So yeah, I'd like to get back to it. I'd like to run for governor of Maryland one day. And we'll see if that ever happens. But yeah, it's on the table. I don't know if it's in the cards yet, but it's at least on the table.

So you're chair of GOPAC, and it aims to elect more Republicans into office. So what are you working on specifically this time around?Are there any races or any strategies you're working on?

turn 0 : "thunderous applause" implies loud, enthusiastic applause from many in the audience

What kind of applause did the crowd give?

Answer: thunderous


So the Mafia survives off what it's always survived off of, which is essentially protection rackets, right?But where are they at this particular moment?I think many of us think of the Mafia as being a sort of pale shadow of what it once was, both in the U. S.  and Italy.

I think that's true, but that is a great symptom of both the huge step change that there's been since particularly the early 1990s in the law enforcement response to organized crime in Italy. And another great indicator of that is this trans-Atlantic cooperation between the authorities. They've now worked together for a generation because they understand the importance of this old bridge. It's no coincidence that FBI headquarters has in it a bust of Giovanni Falcone, the great hero and martyr of the struggle against the Mafia in Italy. He was blown up, along, with his wife and his armed escort by a Mafia bomb in 1992 because Falcone was who pioneered this trans-Atlantic cooperation in the fight against the Mafia. He got it.

Do you consider these raids are a major blow to the attempts to sort of reanimate these links?

I think this is an ongoing process. It clearly shows that the authorities are watching it very, very carefully. They understand it and know it. And that - from that point of view, it's reassuring. But it's always difficult to tell, when an operation is as fresh as this one is, just how damaging it will prove to be.

turn 0 : Being a pale shadow means that it is not as strong as it once was.

Which word describes the current state of the Mafia?

Answer: Weaker


Yes. We got involved and that's 25 years ago. And it took us about 25 years to get it done. We met monthly. And - well, actually, we met like biweekly and just phonetically translate it - every word in the New Testament to Gullah.

Can you read something for us, a short passage?

That would be wonderful.

turn 2 : Well, why don't I read just the first few verses of the Lord's Prayer that most people are familiar with? (Actual meaning: A suggests reading a portion of the Lord's Prayer that is well-known to most people.)

What portion of the Bible does PersonA suggest reading?

Answer: Lord's


I think his great forte is understanding the problems that we face. He's had great experiences. You know, he was raised - a good part of his youth was in France. He speaks French fluently and understands Europeans quite well, and his being the Allied commander in Europe was absolutely a perfect fit. And he can expand that in giving advice in problems, literally, all over the world.

I read that James Jones went to Georgetown University, where he played basketball. Do you have any sensed of maybe whether he and President-elect Obama might discuss security issues over a game of hoops?

I wouldn't doubt it. President-elect Obama would also find he's a competitor. That ought to be an interesting basketball game.

Congressman Ike Skelton of Missouri. Thank you.

turn 0 : The person mentioned has a talent for comprehending problems and advising on them worldwide, due to his experiences and background, not necessarily related to France.

Which aspect of the person's background contributes to their ability to advise on problems worldwide?

Answer: Experiences


Why the need for this guide?

We know that people are going to be asking themselves is the gift that I'm giving or asking for going to be secure and private?And as you said, most holiday shopping guides are focused on price and performance, and this guide is focused on privacy and security.

It's not just smart speakers, is it?It's a lot of devices that we've quite willingly and comfortably made part of our everyday lives.

That's absolutely right. And we're particularly looking at the area of connected-to gifts because more and more consumer products are connected to the Internet. So one interesting space that we've looked at is this new emerging toy category of drones. I have an 11-year-old who's pretty excited about drones, and it turns out that many of them connect to insecure wireless and therefore can be taken over, both the information they collect but also the device itself. So we think that consumers would want to know information like that when they're considering a drone gift.

turn 1 : smart speakers implies the electronic devices are incorporated or equipped with computer or digital technology

What kind of devices are being discussed as a part of our everyday lives in the dialogue?

Answer: Devices


That's so well-said. That's been a really big part of this. You know, we offer so much to our students. And we're members of our community. And we're not asking for the moon. We really just want to feel like we're also taken care of so that we can continue to take care of other people. And in order to really provide the service that we're providing, we need some basic security and some basic rights.

That's Markella Los. She's a yoga instructor for YogaWorks in New York City, and she's part of the push to unionize yoga instructors there. Markella, thank you.

Thank you so much.

We reached out to YogaWorks for a comment, but the company has yet to respond.

turn 0 : They are not asking for a lot of really expensive items.

What kind of rights do the yoga instructors need?

Answer: Basic


We should note that USA Today, which when it was founded in 1982, said it would never endorse a candidate for president - didn't want to go to that kind of - didn't want to participate in that kind of politics - has not endorsed a candidate but has said, in some departure from their usual policy, Donald Trump is unfit to be president, so don't vote for him.

What's an editorial worth in this age of social media?

You know, we know that people don't read newspaper editorials by and large. And if they ever read one, it's usually something like this in the presidential season. But we know that people read about them and hear about them.

And that's where, in the age of social media, they may actually matter more because people are going to be talking about this wipeout, this refusal of people who, remember, historically, have almost always gone with Republicans, to go with Donald Trump.

OK, now Miss Universe. Did Hillary Clinton set a trap for Donald Trump, which he sprang on himself?

You know, this story could have gone away in 24 hours or 48 hours. It could have had some impact on Monday night and perhaps, then, just gone away. We've heard an awful lot of high impact stories come and go already in this campaign.

turn 3 :  (4) And that's where, in the age of social media, they may actually matter more because people are talking about this wipeout

What are people talking about in the age of social media?

Answer: Wipeout


Because they need to. They need to become the number two search-engine in the world. Google is number one. Microsoft's MSN's portal is a lame duck in the number three position. This would give them a better search-engine opportunity, which would increase the amount of online advertising dollars, which is where everyone is going and why this would make a lot of sense to do.

So are they going to take the offer, you think?

You know, I hope so. It would be nice to see. You know, I would like to see Yahoo stay independent, but I don't know. I mean, they're talking about a thousand layoffs, Farai. So if it can stop people from losing their job, I'm all for it.

All right. Well, Mario, thanks a lot.

turn 0 : The speaker in turn (1) is not just explaining the reason why Microsoft needs to become the number two search-engine in the world, but also implying that acquiring Yahoo is the best way for them to achieve that goal. The speaker suggests that Microsoft's MSN's portal is not doing well in the number three position and acquiring Yahoo would give them a better search-engine opportunity, which would increase online advertising dollars. The speaker believes this acquisition would make a lot of sense to do.

Which position is Microsoft's MSN's portal currently in?

Answer: Three


You're right. I mean, by the time "Star Trek" came along I haven't - I'd met the love of my life, lost him, I had divorced my children's father; my boys were about 9 and 10. And I was just shot out of a cannon into the most extraordinary work I've ever done in my life or will ever be asked to do because nothing could more challenging, more arduous or rewarding than that part on that series.

Than being Captain Janeway.

That's correct.

I want to go back to your daughter, and you had her decades ago. It was clearly a different time. Do you ever think about how your life would be different if you had made a different decision?

turn 1 : 2) acknowledges the character that the speaker played on the series, Captain Janeway. Turn (3) simply confirms that the previous statement is correct. Turn (4) asks a straightforward question about the speaker's past and whether she thinks about how her life would be different if she had made different choices.

What character did the speaker acknowledge playing on the series?

Answer: Captain-Janeway


Still, you'll remember that more than two dozen Russians have already been indicted this year for conspiring to interfere in the 2016 elections. And the message this week is that they are at it again, or maybe they never stopped.

We should remind ourselves - this is so serious. This has to do with the ability of citizens to cast vote, which is the lowest and most important lever of democracy. What's the reaction been like so far in the Capitol?

You know, President Trump has kind of brushed off these new charges. He says there's nothing here to do with his campaign. And he says if there are hackers out there, they probably liked his opponent in 2016, Hillary Clinton, better than him. He was also critical, yesterday, of former President Obama, Trump said, for not doing more in 2016 to deter these attacks back then. Of course, the Obama administration tried to issue a warning, but they say that idea was shot down by Republican Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell at the time.

As for other reactions from the Capitol, Senator Mark Warner, Democrat - the senior Democrat on the Senate Intelligence Committee - says it's time for Congress to get involved here. He says that social media companies need to commit to work with lawmakers to update laws and better protect against this kind of foreign election interference.

turn 0 : Russian interference in the 2016 election is ongoing or never stopped.

How many Russians were indicted this year for conspiring to interfere in the 2016 elections?

Answer: Morethantwodozen


Well, I got to, or. . .

Or I'm doomed. I do think it is a good time for independent artists, period. And I feel like soul music in this country really has told the story of black Americans in this country, and right now the field is kind of narrow. So, from city to city, you go and you listen to the radio, and you try to find soul music on the radio, you're either listening to hip-hop, or you're listening to oldies and dusties and R&B.

So, there's a whole big huge chasm which some of us live in part of the time at least, where where's this music?Where is the new soul music?Where are the people that are writing the classics that are going to be around in 20 years, and 30 years, and 40 years?

Well, in addition to your own songs, you have sung other folks' work. And in 2004, you sang on a tribute album for Luther Vandross. Here's a little bit of "Forever, For Always, For Love. "

turn 1 : Soul music by independent artists is scarce and difficult to find on the radio.

How would you describe the availability of soul music by independent artists on the radio?

Answer: Scarce


Well, let's talk about kind of the overview. So the goal of the ACA was to help the 37 million uninsured out there. And, yes, uninsurance rates have gone down dramatically or at historic lows. But I think a lot of things were unforeseen.

And the way some of the regulations were implemented are actually harming rural America and not fulfilling the ultimate goals of the ACA. And what I mean by that is half of those 37 million - the goal was to expand Medicaid and get those folks into a Medicaid program. We know that a lot of states have taken the Supreme Court up on its option of opting out of Medicaid. That has predominantly hurt rural America.

In fact, if you're a rural state, if you're a poor state, more likely than not, you have not expanded Medicaid. So we're seeing millions of folks left behind at that. Our concern is that since the ACA was passed, we've had an escalation of rural hospitals close. We've had 80 rural hospitals close since 2010. If this rate continues, in less than 10 years' time, we're going to have 25 percent of rural hospitals close within less than a decade.

Do you have any concern about the Congress repealing the Affordable Care Act - what's called Obamacare - without a replacement?

turn 2 : The implementation of the ACA has not achieved its intended goals, and has instead caused harm to rural America.

Answer: Help


Well, I think one of my roles - at least the way I pretty much defined my life and work for 35 years in the academy and was quite lucky in serendipitous ways began teaching at Yale at the time of the moment that's now considered, I guess, the revolutionary moment at Yale with the Black Panthers and Bobby Seale and Erica Huggins and others.

So, I always saw a kind of resistive undercurrent in the university even at its Ivy League level. And I've tried to identify myself in the academy with that resistive undercurrent. And I've tried to maintain an integrity of my public appearances and what I write that never refuses to look at the fact that racism, in my estimation, is more rampant in the United States and globally than ever before.

One can say is the glass half-full or half-empty. I think that's mere casuistry. It seems to me that the glass is empty for the majority of Americans now, not just black Americans, and it's not near any liquid refreshments source that I know of, the foreclosures, the economics of the present time, the war.

It seems to me that Henry Louis Gates Jr.  and Cornel West made a deliberate turn at a certain point in their career and decided, in the case of Mr.  Gates for example, that he was not going to do another profoundly brilliant book in his…

Well, professor, I'm sorry, we have to wrap this up. There's a lot there, but thank you so much, Professor Baker.

turn 2 : The speaker believes that the current state of affairs in America is bleak and lacking in resources and opportunities for most people, regardless of their race.

What is the PersonA's opinion about the current situation in America?

Answer: Negative


And a lot of people might ask, how are you measuring innovation and creativity?

Well, most people measure innovation typically by looking at rates of patenting. Now people have become to track the number of start-up companies emerging in urban centers or the venture capital. And the good news is that cities are upping the ante. New York now, Manhattan is the second highest center for venture capital-backed start-up companies behind only Silicon Valley. But the other caution I wanted to make, and I think you know and folks listening know I'm a dyed-in-the-wool urbanist, that also places like Silicon Valley, which are somewhat car-dependent, can work. They can emulate many of the functions of the city.

So as we begin to build denser cities, the key is not just piling up people in buildings higher and higher and higher and creating vertical suburbs where people just interact in the building, it's to build cities that can be dense, that can have multi-story buildings, that can be close together. But having that interaction is a key part of keeping our cities innovation and creative not only here but in those emerging economies around the world.

Is there a difference in expense as well?Some of those older buildings in New York, hardly any place in Manhattan that anyone would describe as cheap, but they're less expensive in SoHo or Chelsea than they are in one of those big high-rise buildings in Midtown.

turn 1 : Measuring innovation and creativity is not limited to patenting and also includes the number of start-up companies and venture capital.

What can be used to measure innovation besides patenting?

Answer: Start-up


Yes, it might take time. It might take a long time. It might - the effort to do that might outlast a presidency. If that's true, all the more reason to begin this now so that we can see results in my lifetime.

So this is a hugely ambitious proposal that you are laying out now. And there will be people who ask, why is it that a two-term mayor of South Bend, Ind. - a town that many Americans won't have even heard of - a white guy, is the person who can heal America's deepest wound that has caused hundreds of years of inequities?

Frankly, it's twice as important. If you're a white candidate, it is twice as important for you to be talking about racial inequity and not just describing the problem which is fashionable in politics but actually talking about what we're going to do about it and describing the outcomes we're trying to solve for. I think we'll know we're getting somewhere when this is not regarded as some specialty issue that candidates of color talk about or that we only talk about when addressing voters of color.

This is a conversation that, frankly, white America needs to have too because white America needs to face the roots of these inequities and the fact of systemic racism all around us. It's the air we breathe.

turn 3 : whites refers to the Europeans and Americans and not just a color

Which group is being referred to as 'whites'?

Answer: caucasian


This is an email. We've asked other songwriters to email us and say how much of themselves and their lives do they put in into their lyrics. This is from Luli(ph). I hope I'm pronouncing that correctly. I have always put my own experiences in my music combined with experiences and emotions I interpret from those around me. One challenge has always been with significant others looking too deeply into my music if, for example, the song is sad or about love. A risk that somebody is going to misinterpret something.

Well, as Eudora Welty so beautifully put it, all serious steering comes from within. So, you know, I think that you can't have your art and not take risks.

And this one is from Mary: My husband passed two years ago at the age of 50. I lost all desire to play, as well as creativity. Only recently have I rediscovered how to put my emotion into my music. My life is definitely reflected in my music. Thank you to all singer-songwriters for giving us a channel through your lives.

How long after these events - obviously, your father passed last year, so not that long before you went into production for this album.

No. I have been writing these songs that became this record for the last few years. And then after dad died, I had a few more songs to write, as you can imagine. And then I went into a studio this past January and recorded the album.

turn 4 : The songwriter wrote songs about their father's death

Which event influenced the songwriter's additional songs?

Answer: Death


And we also really want to have a voice on the job. As the ones on the ground, we have a lot of valuable information to share, both in terms of what our students need but also in terms of being, like, stewards of this practice. And so we really want to be able to stand up for the integrity of what we do, our work.

What kind of response have you received from YogaWorks in your effort to unionize?

The initial response we got was not exactly what we were hoping for. The emails that we got were actually full of quite a bit of misinformation and what I've come to see as, you know, a pretty typical union-busting tactics - telling us that we'd have to pay really high dues, that there would be a flat rate, that we'd lose all power. Since then, there's been a changeover in the CEO position. And his tone so far seems to be different. He seems to be taking a different approach. But we have yet to see what actually happened. So, you know, the proof will be in the action. And also, the offer to recognize us still stands, and he hasn't taken us up on that either. So we'll see.

Markella, how many yoga instructors are involved in this unionization effort?

turn 0 : "Voice" and "stand up" are both figurative. The first means have influence, the second means support (not physically stand up).

What do the terms "voice" and "stand up" mean in turn 0?

Answer: A


Absolutely not. In fact, the people of my state should know we are doing everything in our power to defend them. If it comes to a legal fight with the Trump administration, we're prepared to have it. I've had some experience with taking on the Trump administration litigation. We have yet to lose a case yet, and I don't plan on starting with this issue.

Attorney General Bob Ferguson of Washington state, thanks so much.

Oh, thank you, Scott. Have a great day.

And we contacted the Department of Justice for comment on Mr.  Ferguson's remarks about Attorney General Sessions. We have yet to receive a response.

turn 2 : (3) A: Oh, thank you, Scott.Have a great day.

What is the name of the person who PersonA thanks in turn 2 of the dialogue?

Answer: Scott


I gather - at first, you thought this might be a short book. Why?

Now, our research team tells us split pea soup is a dish that reaches across the region we're talking about.

It is. One thing that ties the whole region together is the fact that you'll have four very distinctive seasons, and at least one of them, regardless where in the region you are, is going to be a season where you can't really harvest any plant materials for food. So a lot of those dishes that are based on something that can be stored really well through winter like, for example, the dried peas for the split pea soup, they are actually dishes that you can find, if not in the whole region, at least in parts of it.

turn 1 :  I thought, and actually, at first, I didn't want to do it when it was proposed to me. And I was even a little bit offended by the fact that someone wants to kind of lump this very, very large region into one book. You know, the Nordics is a geographical region. It's not really a cultural region.  In this turn, the speaker is expressing their initial reluctance and offense towards the idea of creating a book that encompasses the entire Nordic region. The literal meaning of the statement is clear, but the implicated meaning goes beyond the words themselves. The speaker implies that the cultural diversity within the Nordic region is significant and should not be oversimplified or generalized.

How did the speaker initially feel about creating a book about the Nordic region?

Answer: Reluctant


How do you bring to life the world three centuries ago?

I did a lot of research for this novel. I like to say that my research was wide, but shallow. I read a little bit of a lot of books, and a book that really helped me was "The Door Of No Return" by William St.  Clair. He took a bunch of archival research about the Cape Coast Castle, so it's a book that really just talks about what life might have been like in the castle in and around the 18th century. And it really helped me wrap my head around what it might have been like for my characters. And then the rest, I think, is just a wild and vivid imagination.

Yeah. And it must be said you don't - you don't spare African slave traders from villany, do you?

I don't. I think, you know, I grew up here in Alabama. And the conversation around slavery is much different here than it is in Ghana. So I think I was a little bit more aware of it or aware, I suppose, of the result of it than the people living on the coast of West Africa who didn't get to see, you know, what the results of the slave trade was. And yet they have this huge monument in Ghana to slavery - this Cape Coast Castle that still stands, that you can still take tours in. I wanted to talk about the Ghanaen role in it - the complicity on our side of things.

turn 2 : (3) "Do you don't - you don't spare African slave traders from villany, do you?" - This turn means: Do you not show mercy or kindness to African slave traders in your novel?

How did the conversation around slavery differ in Alabama compared to Ghana?

Answer: Aware


Well, no. There is no sign of that yet. They cannot do everything the Trump administration wants because, as we've discussed before, we are asking for structural changes that are at the core of the Chinese Communist Party's governance of China. So they - no, they cannot do that.

And they're entering, remember, a very sensitive political season. You've got the 30th anniversary of the Tiananmen Massacre coming up. They need to look strong. Xi Jinping puts himself forward as sort of the all-knowing, all-powerful leader of China. And he has to seem that it - to be defending the interest of the Chinese people.

So what are the risks to the United States, if continuing to raise tariffs, if it doesn't push China to make a deal?

Well, all of these tariffs cost the American people. President Trump repeatedly says that China is simply transferring money to American coffers. But there are numerous academic studies which indicate that these costs are being borne by the American importers and increasingly by American consumers.

And China is going to be very careful when it retaliates to target consumers in sectors in the United States that are supportive of President Trump. They've already done this in targeting soybeans. They're very deft politically, and that's what they'll continue to do. So they are going to make him politically pay a price. And American consumers will pay as well.

turn 4 : China will retaliate by targeting American consumers and make President Trump politically pay a price

How will China retaliate against the United States?

Answer: Consumers


So I think that the Barack Obama, of course, then has a political legitimacy that neither of those gentlemen had because he's a United States senator elected to represent a district and serve a quarter of people. And yet, he's a charismatic figure as well, creating a sense of movement among the millions who now acclaim him as the best thing that happened to American politics since Jack Kennedy.

So Barack Obama has claimed the unique space within the context of American political destiny and has joined the charismatic authority that attends black messianic figures who become leaders in black America, as well as the quest for political legitimacy that transcends black communities. Because he's not just representing black people; he's representing white people and Latino people, and Asian people. He's representing Americans. And so he's taking it to yet another level in pioneering an even different path than the one blazed by Martin Luther King Jr.  or Jessie Jackson and, to a certain degree, Al Sharpton.

Well, Michael Eric Dyson, thank you.

Thank you very kindly, Farai.

turn 2 : "Well, Michael Eric Dyson, thank you." - This turn has no implied meaning beyond its literal meaning of thanking Michael Eric Dyson.

What is the name of the person being thanked in turn 2?

Answer: Michael


You're speaking with us from near Manchester, England, at the moment, where there was an attack. You're based in London, where there's been another attack. Can you describe the mood?

The mood is very alarmed. I've been literally corresponding with hundreds of British-Muslim community members across the country. And there is a genuine feeling of shock beyond the last few attacks because of the severity of this and the frequency of it. And there is a sense - a real sense that something has to change.

Now, I know all sectors are feeling this. But, you know, what they're telling me is that, you know, we're going to have to face some difficult questions. Now the only thing is, how are we going to handle those questions?Is it going to be as a community, as part of wider society?Or are Muslim communities going to be a target?That's going to make a little bit of a difference here.

Just briefly - we only have about 30 seconds - how is the Muslim community reacting?This is the holy month of Ramadan, a time of prayer and reflection.

turn 0 : "Can you describe the mood?" - This turn is meant to inquire about the emotional state of the people in the area where the speaker is currently located. The literal meaning of the turn is clear and does not differ from its actual meaning.

How was the mood in the area where the speaker was located? (answer: alarmed)

Answer: alarmed


Right. I don't think we're at the stage of a full sectarian civil war, but we're certainly moving in the direction of greater sectarianism. The government is pushing this to some extent by doing some ethnic cleansing of villages where there's mixed Alawites and others, and they want to get the Sunnis mostly out.

Should they need to retreat to those regions, they want them fully Alawite.

Well, that's one theory. I think the idea of an Alawite state, where Assad and the Alawites can retreat, is not realistic, it wouldn't work, it wouldn't last. But they have to work out some kind of system, ultimately, where all Syrians can live together, which is how they've always done it.

You don't have a history of sectarian tensions in Syria like you do in some other countries. But you never also had a history of real democracy either. So they've never had a chance to work out a democratic system for power-sharing. The Iraqis are going through the same thing right now, huge demonstrations by Sunnis against the Shiite-led government. The Kurds are more or less on their own in the North.

turn 0 : to move in direction in this context means to change something

What is the government doing to villages with mixed Alawites and others?

Answer: cleansing


Now, going back to the delegate question. Mitt Romney had a significant number of delegates. What happens to his delegates on the Republican side?Who gets to choose what pile they get thrown in?

He had 282 pledged delegates when he got out of the race last Thursday, bowing out to John McCain. But he did not actually totally 100 percent leave the campaign. He suspended his campaign, which means he's no longer really contesting John McCain's nomination. But if something should happen, some untoward event were to really alter the course of things, in the next couple of weeks or months or as we get closer to the convention, if something happened to John McCain and Mitt Romney wanted to get back into the fray, he's still holding on to that cash of delegates, which is at this point still the second largest. He's still a little bit ahead Mike Huckabee, even though Huckabee had a pretty good weekend out there.

So Mitt Romney's hanging onto those delegates for now. In the end we expect there will not be a big fight for the nomination at the convention and all the delegates will make it unanimous for John McCain, except those few who might choose to cast a kind of protest vote.

All right. Well, Ron, thanks again.

turn 1 : Mitt Romney has suspended his campaign, which means he is still technically in the race and has not fully withdrawn. (3) - All the delegates are expected to vote for John McCain at the convention, but a few may choose to cast a vote of protest.

Which candidate has the second largest amount of pledged delegates as of the moment?

Answer: Romney


It's becoming a new Thanksgiving tradition. This year, like the year before, the newest installment of "The Hunger Games" movie franchise "Mockingjay Part 1" is an adaptation of the first half of Suzanne Collins third and final book in the series. And with the backdrop of what's been happening in the world, protests in Ferguson, Missouri, and shakeup at the Capitol - Capitol Hill that is. Audiences look for comparisons between the fictitious world of Panem and the real world. We're joined now by Stephen Carter, a professor of law at Yale, a novelist and columnist for Bloomberg View, where he writes regularly on popular culture. Stephen, thanks so much for being back with us.

It's my pleasure, Scott.

I'm just guessing you don't watch "Hunger Games" the way a lot of other people do.

You're right. I'm looking for tropes and ideas that are going to leap out of the film into public life. And one that's really striking about the "Hunger Games" franchise is how more than really anything else in recent years in popular culture, so many of the symbols - the nation of Panem itself with its deep wealth inequalities, the notion of the Capitol, this barricaded wealthy city and of course, Katniss Everdeen herself, the hero. All of these things have not only leapt into the public imagination, but they are regular features of political argument.

turn 2 : "watch" - This verb usually means to observe something with one's eyes, but in this context, it implies enjoying or experiencing a film.

Which verb implies enjoying or experiencing a film in the given context?

Answer: Watch


I asked Groff, who you will know from her own short story collection "Florida" and her novel "Fates And Furies" - I asked her how Nancy Hale went from someone with dozens and dozens of stories in The New Yorker to someone we forgot about.

You know, I don't know definitively. It's very hard to tell. I think part of it is that her stories are very quiet and very elegant, and she's possibly not fashionable at the moment - her style of writing. But I find her incredibly fascinating. She creates these lines that are full of a humming electricity. And her structures are so deep and so thoughtful that you don't really understand what you're reading until maybe a couple of days later when you realize exactly the craft that went into creating her short stories.

And they span the gamut. Some of them are highly lyrical. Other ones are satirical and very funny. So we did put together this collection of 25 short stories. They're all interesting in their own way. And you can sort of see the development of a writer over the course of decades.

Right. No, absolutely. You can feel - she's obviously, as you would expect, writing very different things than - in her later years than she was as a very young writer. How did you pick the stories that you landed on out of the many, many ones she wrote?

turn 2 : She writes a wide variety of stories and the lessons that she learns as a writer can be seen in her stories.

How can the writer's development as a writer be observed?

Answer: Development


I was just going to say, would this result, from their point of view, represented defeat?

Definitely. I mean, definitely that they are in a - they lost some seats, first of all, a couple seats. But also, I think, they are definitely concerned about the rise of Yair Lapid with this issue and Netanyahu's agreement to tackle this issue. Netanyahu had actually agreed last year to take on this issue. He - you'll might remember that he formed a larger coalition with the Kadima party, which at that time was very large, and the promise was that they were going to address the draft issue. And they spent about 70 days in this coalition supposedly working on it but it blew up because Netanyahu would not push it with the ultraorthodox. And so the coalition - that coalition fell apart or the Kadima left.

And now, it - he seems to say he's going to do it now. He talks - talked today about the draft as - or the sharing the burden is kind of the terminology here that (unintelligible) of election, share the burden. He mentioned that as one of three principles on what the new coalition will be formed.

And this is also partly in response to rulings from the Israeli courts.

turn 1 : It is being implied that the leader made it difficult for the coalition.

What caused the coalition to fall apart?

Answer: Leader


Right.

It was, it's poignant because of Lisa "Left Eye" Lopez having passed away.

Definitely. And SWV and En Vogue, it was just yeah, that I thought, that was really good. I mean, where else could you see that but the BET Awards?

Yeah, it was, I mean I thought the staging was pretty amazing.

Definitely. Definitely.

turn 1 : 2: Lisa 'Left Eye' Lopez's death made it more emotional

How was Lisa 'Left Eye' Lopez associated with the BET Awards performance?

Answer: Emotional


And for some young women in those societies, it was that just order. Those kind of dashed hopes were exploited. And part of the appeal of ISIS, I think, in those early days in countries like Tunisia and for girls like Nour, was that there was no other way to be politically active, to be a feminist of any kind. It was the only door that was open.

I was about to mention the story of Nour. She was a high school dropout from Tunisia. And you make the point in the book that she was sort of rebelling against a secular state. And it was her way of expressing her female identity.

Exactly. So Nour grew up in a Tunisia that was highly authoritarian but secular. So Nour was religious. She wanted to cover her hair. She went to school wearing a headscarf. And she was thrown out of high school for that because the headscarf was banned in public spaces like that in Tunisia before the 2011 uprisings.

You described this shocking scene where she's actually attacked by her teacher.

turn 0 : It's not a door but an opportunity that becomes available to them.

What was the only way for young women in some societies to be politically active and be a feminist of any kind?

Answer: A


James Foley would have turned 41 today. The journalist who was murdered by the Islamic State was known for his reporting on the conflicts of the Middle East. Jim Foley's life will be celebrated in his hometown of Rochester, New Hampshire today. The memorial service is taking place at Our Lady of the Holy Rosary Parish. Father Marc Montminy, a close friend of the family, is leading the service. He joins us now. Thanks for being with us.

You're very welcome. It's good to be with you.

What do you remember about Jim Foley?

We remember him as a child. Many people around the world remember him more as an adult 'cause when you're young, you see people from one vantage point. As you get older, they develop and grow into their own person. Jim was always a happy guy. He was also, I felt, very pensive at times. He was a thinker. He was the type of guy who could see things that perhaps other people didn't see as clearly.

turn 2 : "What do you remember about Jim Foley?" - The literal meaning of this question is asking for specific memories or recollections of Jim Foley.

How would you describe Jim Foley's personality?

Answer: Thinker


You are so nice for not doing that spoiler alert. But, yes, so many people discuss Israel-Palestine as if its people on a spectrum. But this notion where people say, oh, you know, Israel and Palestine, they disagree. It's not a spectrum. It's metaphysics.

Is there an affinity between writers and spies?

That's funny. I'm like - I was going to the list. I was like, writers and shrinks, writers and sociopaths. But, yeah, I have a whole list of things. . .

turn 1 : They're in a different reality, whereas, I lived in Jerusalem that had the Temple Mount and a Palestinian neighbor lived in al-Quds that had Haram al-Sharif. Like, literally, we're inhabiting the same space and in a different city with a different extraordinary holy place on the same spot. And, to me, you know, that gets us to the title of this book. I was looking for a space for the no man's land where a moment of understanding might take place."  In this turn, the implied meaning is that although the speaker and their Palestinian neighbor physically occupy the same space, they have distinct and separate realities due to the differences in the names and significance attributed to the holy places they inhabit. The speaker seeks a metaphorical "no man's land" where a moment of understanding and connection can occur despite the stark differences in perspectives and experiences.

How does the speaker feel about the concept of a "no man's land"?

Answer: Positive


Well, I want to understand it as my friend, Fanon, as my idol, Fanon. I want to understand it, and it is quite complicated, but in another way it's quite simple.

And when I say race, I should stipulate. I don't mean simply black and white. By race, I mean any idea or notion that divides human beings into more than one kind. And then the next step of race and racism and racialized thinking is to figure out a scheme through which or by which because of this difference, manufactured difference, one group or another can take advantage of other groups.

So it sits over our shoulder, and it's part of what's the motivation for our going into Iraq. It's keeping young black men in prison in a totally disproportionate way. It's the cause of abuse against women. Race is a villain, and I wish I could wave a magic wand, but I can't. It's too deeply embedded in our nature.

You mentioned how race is linked to, among many other things, the prison system. And you've had, I'm sure, much too much experience with it, more than you'd like with both your brother and your son incarcerated.

You have sections in your book where your brother is - you and your brother are talking about the nature of hope and whether hope can be debilitating in the context of being someone who's incarcerated.

turn 2 : Race is a deep-seated issue in society that cannot be easily solved

What is the main factor causing abuse against women, according to the dialogue?

Answer: Race


Really, the link is, you know, if you strip away the neuroses, maybe. You know what I'm saying?I spend all day being other people - literally transforming. You know, for a book to function, it's not - I can tell the difference between realities. But it has to be a functioning reality. The character has to be real. And I imagine that's exactly what happens for a spy who was, you know, in deep cover.

I just think, yes, I wouldn't make it for a second if I had to do it in front of another person. So if you take the privacy of the room away, maybe that's the link. It's about inhabiting other realities in a convincing - beyond convincing. It has to be more than that. It has to be real for the person.

Nathan Englander, his book "Dinner At The Center Of The Earth. "Thanks so much for being with us.

Oh, truly, thank you.

turn 1 : In turn 2, the speaker is implying that the privacy of the room is important for them to be able to inhabit other realities and make them believable.

How does the speaker believe privacy affects their ability to inhabit other realities?

Answer: Privacy


The economy is the number one issue. And one of the things that makes it very difficult for a candidate to campaign in Ohio is that when they come to Ohio to talk about the economy, they can't just talk about a single aspect. When you talk to folks in the northern part of the state, northeast Ohio which includes Cleveland, and northwest Ohio which includes Toledo, when you're talking about the economy there, oftentimes the discussion is about trade.

When you talk about the economy in southwest Ohio, which is the Cincinnati area, there's much less talk about trade, and more discussion about wages and the salaries that people are making. The southeast area of the state, which is also known in part because of the Appalachian history of that part of the state, has high unemployment. A number of counties in southeast Ohio have double-digit unemployment. Many people in that region are talking about and focused on unemployment, solely as their economic concern.

And what about social issues?We heard in Celeste's piece a woman who is concerned about abortion. We know at least in southern Ohio that there are big concerns about social issues. How do those play out?

When we were looking at this race last fall and in the early spring, we were seeing a lot of issues, economic, social, foreign policy issues. However, once we've gotten into the fall election period here, the economy is overwhelming everything else.

Eric Rademacher, co-director of the University of Cincinnati's Ohio poll. Thank you very much.

turn 2 : "How do those play out" implies that there is a lot to discuss about social issues, not actually physically playing.

What is the topic of the woman's concern in Celeste's piece?

Answer: Abortion


And how do you?

So what we found works the best is you need champions within that community. You need strong, influential voices that are going to say we need to accept these girls and women back, and the children. These are victims, it was not their fault. They're part and parcel of our society. So what we do is we identify not just the traditional religious and community leaders, but also those who have an influential voice amongst the women in particular in the community, so that they can become those carriers of the messages that these girls, these women, they deserve our support. They deserve our acceptance back. And then we can open up community dialogues so that people - we can't just dismiss that communities have fear. We must address it head on and allow communities to express those fears, but with religious and traditional leaders providing that voice of reason and tolerance so that these girls and women can come back into their communities.

Rachel Harvey of UNICEF in Nigeria. Thanks for joining us.

Thank you very much.

turn 1 : There are no turns in this conversation.whose actual meaniniNG are different from their literal meanings .All of the turns are being used in a straightforward and litreal meanings

What kind of leaders does PersonA suggest to identify within the community to become the carriers of the message?

Answer: Influential


That's right. It has a huge box that they call the LiDAR machine which basically can pierce through the jungle's foliage and map whatsoever on the ground underneath.

And this LiDAR machine can penetrate even triple canopy rainforest.

It's absolutely incredible. It strips it out completely. And you can actually see something as small as a meter on a side, sitting on the ground underneath this incredibly dense rainforest.

And this rainforest, it turns out even sites that had been discovered by archeologists before that the LiDAR technique from the air found vastly more than the archeologists ever suspected.

turn 0 : The machine can read images under the jungle foliage.

How can the LiDAR machine map the ground underneath the jungle?

Answer: Pierce


No, because the guys used to sit on the porch and play their guitars and (unintelligible). And then would beat to the tap of their foot. So I kind of adapted that tanta-ta-tan-tum, tanta-ta-tan-tum(ph). I mean, because - I mean, my people - my relatives, most of them were from Jackson, Mississippi. So when they migrated to Indianapolis, they kind of brought a lot of that feeling.

When he said write a hit, that one song people know me all over the world, in Russia, Africa, Japan, all over the world, people, the first thing they say when they see me, "Red Clay. "

In the course of your career, you had, obviously, highs and you had some lows, and they've been described as personal problems. Without going into detail, are we to assume that those problems were substance abuse related?

Well, substance abuse, I wouldn't really say I had a problem with that. I mean, I would say that at one period in the '70s, I started partying, I was in Hollywood A-list(ph). And everybody would come up there, I mean, all kind of movie stars, all kind of football stars, basketball stars, actors. And I had a spot right there in (unintelligible) overlooking the (unintelligible). And the people that I had coming up there - now, the substance abuse, it was around because a lot of people who would come to see me would bring it. But I would never really say I had a habit or anything like that.

turn 2 : There were some personal problems, and he is trying to understand the reason behind them without being too direct.

How would PersonB describe the problems that PersonA faced in his career without explicitly asking about substance abuse?

Answer: Substance


Yes, and not even as big as a credit card in size - tiny. And she held it up, and my mother fleetingly saw her younger self, so she knew that this was true.

Wow.

She goes home to her mother, and her mother says nothing and summons the father. And eventually, there's a scene and - the mother and father sitting opposite my mother. And they just tell her that they took her in as if a kind of kindness - that she was a sort of waif or a stray and, you know, it was a charitable act. So she immediately began to feel that nobody wanted her.

Pause the story there because you touch on one of the crazier things, which is that bus. When this old woman appears with a photograph, you describe everyone as freezing because they all knew. The whole village, surrounding villages all knew way more about the story of your mother's life than she did until she was a much older woman.

turn 0 : The 'it' that the woman held up is not referring to a physical object, but a photograph

Answer: Photograph


I mean, there have been some high-profile examples recently of sort of ethically questionable journalism, you know, maybe at best. Do you think that - and this is sort of tangential, but do you think that that, the definition of plagiarism needs to be updated for the Web?

I mean, given that I started this thing, you mentioned the curator's code, I think about that a lot. I think plagiarism is kind of a harsh word that comes from the publishing world, you know, kind of a legacy term. And there are many layers to it. It's a little bit of a grab bag.

But online, one of the things that I think about a lot, which I think is a form of sort of neo-plagiarism as this idea of OK, you know, we live at a time where there's almost infinite information, and it takes time to find the meaningful and to separate it from the meaningless, and that's effort, and that's sort of creative labor.

And when someone does that, and let's say - you know, for example, one of my favorite sites, Open Culture, run by Dan Colman out of Stanford, he finds amazing archival stuff. You know, and he spends time in the archives looking for it. And then it gets sort of reported on, say, Huffington Post or Business Insider, just sort of regurgitated.

turn 0 : (1) "ethically questionable journalism" and "definition of plagiarism needs to be updated for the Web" (2) "curator's code", "legacy term", and "grab bag" (3) "neo-plagiarism", "infinite information", "meaningful and meaningless", "creative labor" (4) "Open Culture", "archival stuff", "regurgitated"

What is one of the sites mentioned by PersonA that finds amazing archival stuff?

Answer: Open


They're placing a lot of their hopes on the Chevy Volt, the electric car that's due out at the end of 2010. What do you think about that, and do you think that that's enough to help the company?

In reading through the General Motors restructuring plan, they talk about it as if it's the next Ford Model T.  I think the language that they use is a fundamental reinvention of the American automobile industry. And, you know, I hope it is, but you have to be skeptical about anything coming out that will fundamentally reinvent the industry, at least at this stage. It's too mature an industry right now.

Is there anything that GM can say when they go before Congress tomorrow and Friday?Is there anything that they should do, do you think, that could save it?

Their objective in going to Congress is not to save the industry. Their objective in going to Congress is to get money from Congress. And if you read through these documents, they are - especially the General Motors document, it is full of really shameless Americanizing, patriotic propaganda. It's geared to getting the money, and that's their objective. And I believe they will come away from Washington with money.

turn 3 : GM is only trying to get money from Congress, not save the industry. (line 4)

How is GM's objective in going to Congress?

Answer: Money


Everybody else in the theater did. I didn't.

Oh, yeah, right.

Every single person cried except for me.

Oh, yeah, because they were only slicing onions for you?

turn 2 : The speaker did not cry because they were not moved by the movie, while everyone else was

How did the speaker feel about the movie?

Answer: Not


Where does he publish his stuff?

Also in supermarkets - well, there are couple of journals that he published almost everything. The Journal of - wait, I've got to look these up now. Psychological Reports is one of them.

I just want to know because I feel like I might want to read them. I mean. . .

Oh, you should. You should, I think. I try not to tell people what they should do, but Trinkaus' reports are so interesting. Psychological Reports is the name of one journal and Perceptual and Motor Skills is the other journal. They are sister journals. He also gets annoyed in the street when he watches people driving. He got annoyed that somebody near his house - there were lots of somebodies - don't always stop, come to a compete stop at an intersection. So he sat at the intersection for several hours. There's a stop sign there, and he counted. Of the cars that come to this intersection, how many come to a complete stop and how many do not?

turn 1 : A needs to check the names of the journals.

What does Trinkaus publish in besides Psychological Reports?

Answer: Perceptual-and-Motor-Skills


Hey, Farai. How's it going?

I'm doing great. So, we survived the election and we keep on trucking. What are folks saying this week?

Well, as you can guess, we got several letters reacting to Senator Barack Obama's White House win. Here are a few responses we got on our web site. Alisha Brown wrote: Tonight I thank my dad for never being home as a kid because he was always gone registering people to vote. White people have no idea what the kids of civil rights leaders feel right now.

Then Diana McClone(ph) chimed in on a Web discussion about Senator Obama's racial identity to say this: I don't care if the person I voted for is green with polka dots and three eyes. So long as they convince me that they have the better plan for our country, they have my vote.

turn 3 : Diana McClone believes that policy is more important than the candidate's appearance.

What is more important to Diana McClone - policy or appearance?

Answer: Policy


Well, what happened on Tuesday was very interesting. During the day on Tuesday, there was a very small protest. They were in the middle of central Baghdad in Tahrir Square. They were very quickly dispersed by the Iraqi security forces, but then a call went out on social media from people's individual accounts to say, let's go back to the square at 3 o'clock. And the numbers surprised everybody. There were thousands of people in the square who reacted to that, and they all had one real message to the government. That was to end corruption and provide jobs and opportunity.

The government were completely surprised by this, and they sent in the Iraqi army and the police with very heavy-handed tactics. They used live fire. They used tear gas. They used rubber-coated steel bullets. Now, there were a number of deaths that day, and then the protests spread to other parts of the country.

So whatever had happened, it struck a chord with very young people. Now, the median age of the protesters, as far as I can work out, is about 20 years old. These are people who don't remember Saddam Hussein, who, you know, barely remember the U. S. -led occupation of Iraq. What they do remember is the last 10 years and the opportunities that have not been given to them.

And as you have been moving around the streets, reporting, trying to talk to them, what specifically do they tell you that they want?

turn 1 : The tactics used were very dangerous and deadly to the protestors.

Answer: Suppressed


The government is treading a fine line. On one hand, it acknowledges that this is a regime that cannot survive, and that this is a matter of time, only. At the same time, because it's a neighbor and because the borders are still open and there is some trade going on, in addition to other reasons, the government is careful not to take matters, sort of, beyond a certain point. But I think that there is wide consensus in the region that understands that this regime has no chance of survival. The problem and the questions is, how many more people will be killed before it leaves the scene?

Again, Turkey - we know that the Free Syrian Army uses Turkey as a safe haven. Injured are brought back to be treated in medical facilities. The fighters return there to rest and re-equip and then come back. That's a very porous border in that situation. What about Jordan?Is Jordan allowing the Free Syrian Army effectively to operate from its territory?

No. There are no military operations being conducted out of Jordan for the Free Syrian Army. Jordan has received a number of defectors from Syria, including the ex-prime minister of Syria and several army officers who have defected to Jordan. But they have not engaged in any military activity, so far.

Why no?

turn 1 : The Free Syrian Army is operating from Turkey which is being used as a safe haven for fighters and injured individuals. Jordan has not allowed any military operations from its territory despite receiving defectors from Syria.

Which country is allowing the Free Syrian Army to operate from its territory?

Answer: Turkey


Story's still unfolding, we understand. What are you hearing?

Well, the evidence is that the Islamic State is behind this. In addition to French President Francois Hollande saying that the attacks were the work of ISIS, the group itself claimed responsibility in an online statement a short time ago. And they say the attacks were a response to French airstrikes in Syria and that France would remain, in their words, a top target as long as it continued its current policies.

This has been independently confirmed by intelligence officials you've been able to talk to.

turn 3 : Well, my understanding is that officials first started to suspect ISIS was behind this late last night. There were some cellphone conversations or texts that the gunmen were exchanging while the attacks were going on. And they mentioned ISIS. And here's why that's important. You remember the Mumbai attacks in 2008 that were - those were attacks on hotels and Jewish centers and a railway station. Well, one of the ways that they traced it back to the perpetrators was by picking up phone conversations between the gunmen and their handlers in Pakistan. The information is still coming in, but it appears that something similar happened here.  Implicated meaning: A is using the phrase "here's why that's important" to introduce a connection between the current situation and a past event. The actual meaning is that A is providing reasons why the mentioning of ISIS is significant and relevant to the current situation.

Which group did the gunmen mention during the attacks?

Answer: ISIS