We're in the last few weeks of the Supreme Court's current term, and justices still have loads of decisions to hand down - two dozen, to be precise. And some of those may come as soon as Monday. We'll bring in NPR's legal affairs correspondent Nina Totenberg. Nina, thanks so much for being with us.

My pleasure, as always, Scott.

Twenty-four cases in which there are no decision. I gather a dozen could be of particular interest. Which ones do you most anticipate?

Well, there are three big ones. The first is what I call the cross case. This is a giant cross on public property in Bladensburg, Md. It's a World War I war memorial. And civil libertarians have objected to it because they see the cross as a symbol of Christianity and that it ought to be on private property, maintained with private funds, not taxpayer money. We're going to see what the court does with that. My suspicion is that they're going to let the cross stand. And whatever they write probably will have a lot of impact on religious symbol cases in the future.

turn 3 : The court may allow the cross to remain on public property despite objections.

Which case involves a symbol of Christianity that is a subject of civil libertarian objection?

Answer: Cross


Yeah, they weren't the sharpest.

All right, so now tell us about the most powerful horse in history. And this, as I understand it, goes all the way back to Roman times?

Right. This was, I think, the most politically influential horse. So it was proudly Incitatus, which is the horse of the Roman emperor Caligula. And according to historians of the time, his stable was made of marble, he had a collar of gemstones and his meals were oats mixed with gold flakes. And senators were forced to dine with him. And according to legend, Caligula planned to appoint him counsel before the emperor was assassinated. So it's almost as bizarre as the 2016 United States presidential election.

(Laughter) A. J. , I have to say, at least when it comes to horse racing, you got your money out of reading that Encyclopedia Britannica.

(Laughter).

turn 3 : (Laughter) A.J., I have to say, at least when it comes to horse racing, you got your money out of reading that Encyclopedia Britannica.  Implicated meaning: B is using figurative language to convey that A.J. gained a lot of valuable knowledge or useful information about horse racing by reading the Encyclopedia Britannica. It suggests that A.J.'s extensive reading paid off in terms of his understanding of the topic, rather than implying he literally received money.  (5) A: (Laughter)

What did PersonB imply about A.J.'s reading of Encyclopedia Britannica?

Answer: Knowledge


Well, you summarized it beautifully at the beginning. Dan Peterson is an amateur astronomer, and really he was just, sort of, bent over his telescope looking through the eyepiece when he saw this brilliant flash of light in the cloud top of Jupiter.

And he immediately went onto the Internet and told a forum of amateurs what he had seen. Now, you know, 10 or 20 years ago, if he had made that report, people would have told him oh, you're crazy, you're seeing things. But in this case, another amateur astronomer, George Hall in Texas, happened to be video recording Jupiter at the same time.

He wasn't actually watching the planet with his own eyes, but he was making a video recording. And when he went and looked back at his footage, he found sure enough, there was a flash of light just when Dan Peterson said that he saw it. And most likely what happened was that an asteroid hit Jupiter - and not a huge asteroid, probably an asteroid about 10 meters or 30 feet in diameter - and it would have exploded at about the - with an energy equal to about 10 times our early atomic bomb.

Wow, what is an asteroid doing near Jupiter?

turn 1 : In the past, people would not believe amateur astronomers, but now there is more trust in their reports.

How would people react to amateur astronomers' reports in the past?

Answer: Crazy


What is that called again?Just remind me.

It's called "Pieces Of Her," by Karin Slaughter. But if you're waiting for the next book like that that's coming out, the hottest off the press, I would recommend "Bunny" by Mona Awad, which is also very funny and very sharp and an extremely readable page-turner, which is coming out in June.

I also think about summer reading as escapism fiction. You know, you want to go to another world or back in time or fantasy novels. What about that?

So for, you know, people who are, like, maybe missing "Game Of Thrones". . .

turn 3 : "maybe missing" implies not currently watching Game of Thrones anymore.

What is the implication of "maybe missing" in turn 3?

Answer: Hair


Hello.

Hi. I don't even know where to begin this story. It is so crazy. I guess I'll note Britons who do seem to love a really deliciously gossipy trashy tabloid tell-all, maybe they were overdue for a good scandal.

I have to say we've really, really needed it. Britain is exhausted by Brexit and the constant doom and gloom. So it's no surprise that WAGatha Christie, as you mentioned in the introduction, has broken the Internet today. And the reason why it's called WAGatha Christie is that WAG or WAGs is an acronym commonly used here to refer to the wives and girlfriends of high-profile athletes. And two of the women involved in today's feud are two of the most high-profile WAGs in the country.

OK. The wives or girlfriends in question here are Coleen Rooney and Rebekah Vardy. Who are these two women?

turn 1 : The internet had a large amount of cites where they was mentioned

What was the reason for calling it WAGatha Christie?

Answer: WAGs


. . . You are from this area - born in D. C. , raised in Maryland and Virginia - the DMV, as we like to say. So what's it like to be back home now that you're blowing up like this?Can you go to, like, the CVS if you want to without being recognized?

Yeah. I definitely can go to the CVS. You know, sometimes people recognize me, sometimes they don't. But it's a beautiful feeling, and I just can't wait to move back eventually.

How did you start singing or how did you realize you could sing?

I don't know. I just was always singing. I didn't know if it was good or not, but my grandma, she told me that I sounded like an angel. And that maybe - perhaps that kept me going. I mean, I always wanted a solo at the church, and they didn't ever give it to me. But eventually they did, and I froze. But then I killed it. And I just feel like that kind of just followed me all throughout my life.

turn 1 : the phrase "sometimes people recognize me, sometimes they don't" does not literally mean that the speaker is unrecognizable or that their appearance changes, but rather that their level of fame and recognition varies.

Which phrase indicates that the PersonA's level of fame varies?

Answer: Sometimes


I think it's really important to say that scientists are really late to the party. Science has been under attack for a long time. And really, what's happened is that scientists are scared to engage with politics. They're worried about looking biased. They're worried about their funding. But really that's been a terrible strategy. It's meant that bad science policy decisions have been made.

But would you be holding this march, do you think, if it were President Hillary Clinton in the White House?

I think there is a catalyst in seeing how intense the attacks are right now. We have to acknowledge that, yes.

Are there specific goals you all are trying to achieve in terms of advancing one policy or another?

turn 0 : late to the party implies that the scientists engaged with the issue after most people

Which policy decisions have been affected due to scientists being late to the party according to A?

Answer: Bad


It took a toll on my self-confidence, my decision making. I think he preyed on the fact that I was very naive. And so for me as being a powerful person, having gone and believed in myself and gotten to the "Today" show and had all of these people, producers, talent believing in me - and then he only seeing the physical side of me and only wanting that out of me. It shattered my confidence. So I couldn't focus on my job at all as I was trying to start my journalism career.

Since you went public with what happened, has anyone at NBC reached out to you?

I have not heard one peep from anyone in management at NBC. Of course, I have heard from several colleagues, staffers at the "Today" show who I knew and used to work with - Ann Curry, dear, dear friend of mine - but no one from management. Nobody has called to ask me questions about how it happened and what our communication for the last 17 years - how we've managed it.

Do you have confidence that NBC can really change its culture with that being true - what you just said - that they haven't even reached out to you?

turn 2 : The management at NBC did not reach out to the speaker despite their public testimony of harassment.

How did NBC management respond to the PersonA's public testimony of harassment?

Answer: Damage


And yeah. Like I said, the video can be used for good. And that's why I think the premise of body camera footage is good. But where problems emerge is when government officials and police officials push back against making that footage public because that's the whole reason. The reason is to bring transparency to police interactions. And if government officials push against that, it goes against the entire premise.

One of the very interesting points that you make in your book is that the federal government has investigated alternatives to lethal force and improving police-community relations for decades. I mean, you highlight a report that was commissioned by President Johnson, President Lyndon Johnson in 1967 in response to the Watts riots. And you said that it proposes really not so much an emphasis on technology but an emphasis on relationships, on communication and teaching police officers how to communicate better with the public, how to - it's more of like a - I don't know what word to use. Would you say humanistic approach?And. . .

Absolutely. That's a great word for it.

And that you say that there's - these kinds of - these techniques have never really been implemented because they were deemed to be too expensive. But you also point out that technology is expensive. The police departments spend a huge amount on these technologies that you say don't work. So what - my question to you is, why do you think these techniques have not gotten more traction?

turn 3 : The federal government has investigated alternatives to lethal force and improving police-community relations for decades, but these techniques have not gained enough traction.

What has the federal government investigated for decades but has not gained enough traction according to turn 3?

Answer: Alternatives


Yeah. So let's take Muslim China, you know, the western part of China - Uighur country. They use lamb, which they don't use in the rest of China, or very little. And their noodles are made from wheat. And they have bread. So that region has this food because of its religion and because of its proximity to Turkey.

The reason I called Anissa Helou is because of a dish I've been meaning to make for a long time. In her book, she has two versions - one from Egypt, one from Syria - a nutritious and simple meal made from beans that's perfect for Ramadan or for any time, really - ful medames, or simply ful.

Ful is a very filling dish. So if you ate ful at whatever hour, you could stay without eating anything or feeling very hungry for at least five, six hours.

Helou join me in my kitchen here in D. C.  via video chat to teach me how to make both the Egyptian and the Syrian recipes.

turn 2 : Helou is teaching B how to make the Egyptian and Syrian versions of ful medames via video chat.

What dish is PersonB learning to make from Anissa Helou via video chat?

Answer: Egyptian


So Virginia was demographically the ideal Barack Obama success story. It was not a one color success story. It was a multicolored — he even did better than he's done anywhere else among Latinos. So Virginia is really, if you will, the marquee state for the Barack Obama coalition that he wants to put together.

What about independent voters?Independents or particularly first time voters seemed to have come out.

Yes. In fact, first time voters are largely a creation in this particular cycle of the Barack Obama campaign. That's why they came out. It isn't just because they are suddenly interested in the political process; it's Obama. And in Virginia in particular Obama did so well among independents that he was the reason largely that Mike Huckabee threatened John McCain at all in Virginia. Otherwise McCain would have counted on five to 10 percentage points more from independents who were being attracted over to the other side by Barack Obama.

Before we let you go, there are so many ways to crunch the delegates on the Democratic side. But specifically in terms of delegates that the two candidates have won, in the primaries and caucuses, how are they standing now?

turn 2 :  "largely a creation" is a figurative language that means the Obama campaign had a significant impact on encouraging first-time voters to participate in the election.

What is the reason behind the increase of first-time voters in this particular cycle?

Answer: Obama


Well, Jackson had come into my E. R. because he had been shot, and an area surrounding the bullet wound - which was still lodged in his leg - appeared infected. And while I was examining him, a medical student handed me a piece of paper that revealed the results of a microbiological test which showed that Jackson had contracted a superbug.

And the terrifying part for him and for our team is that the infection was only treatable with one antibiotic called colistin. And that's a drug that fell out of favor years ago because it was so outrageously toxic. But here we were on the cusp of so much medical advancement, and we were reaching for outdated drugs to treat patients because the bacteria had evolved and mutated in ways that we only had incredibly limited treatment options.

From there, you take us back 100 years to a World War I battlefield in France, a field hospital actually. Tell us why you are connecting these two moments.

Well, I connect those moments because there was a similar situation of a young physician treating a bullet wound. And he was practicing medicine in the days before antibiotics. His name was Alexander Fleming. And he was only using antiseptic fluid and scalpels.

turn 1 : Despite medical advancement, outdated and toxic drugs were used.

How were patients treated for the superbug infection?

Answer: With,Colistin


Up the street.

And how many Union?

That's - the good news and the bad news - there were lots of them but most of them on the 11ths were amateurs.

General Ulysses S.  Grant had diverted Union troops from D. C.  to make an assault on Richmond. Meanwhile, the Confederates were headed for D. C. . So, Howell says, the union quickly recruited anyone they could find.

They were government clerks. I mean, if you could imagine, you know, going down and emptying out all the government offices and telling them, grab your musket and come out and fight off professional confederates - that was the situation on the 11th - not very good for the Yankees. But General Grant, down in Richmond, who thought Jubal Early was down there in Richmond. . .

turn 3 : Implies that General Ulysses S. Grant had diverted Union troops from D.C. to make an assault on Richmond and the Confederates were heading for D.C.,Implies that General Ulysses S. Grant had diverted Union troops from D.C. to make an assault on Richmond and the Confederates were heading for D.C.,

Which city was General Ulysses S. Grant aiming for?

Answer: Richmond


How much did you pay for that last box of Girl Scout cookies you bought?Five bucks, six maybe, maybe more?How about $15 billion?That's the price of a single box if - if it were turned into graphine. Researchers at Rice University in Houston have discovered a way to turn anything with carbon into graphine, the super-strong wonder material that can be worth over two million times the price of gold. You heard that right, two million times.

Forget alchemy, that's for chumps. This is graphene, worth a lot more in its weight of gold. Marc Abrahams, editor and founder of the Annals of Improbable Research is here to tell us why graphene is so pricey and what this invention could mean for nanotechnology. Welcome back to SCIENCE FRIDAY.

Thanks, Ira, nice to be back.

So what is this thing about turning Girl Scout cookies into graphene?

turn 0 : Girl Scout cookies can be turned into graphene, a valuable material.

What is the material that can be worth over two million times the price of gold?

Answer: Graphene


But I'm sure that there's something else that you want to share with us. You have your poems about California, poems about the blues.

I've got one. The once called "Who I Am in Twilight. "And it's a poem that is actually emblazoned on the sidewalk. And it's set in stone, as it were, on something called "Poetry Walk" in Berkeley, California. They put down on sidewalk, Addison Street, about a hundred poets', I think, work. So it's fun to go over there and see how posterity works, because always somebody has dropped some pizza on it, mashed out a cigarette on it, or something like that.

So don't live for posterity, live for now. But here it is. "Who I am in Twilight. "

Like John Lee Hooker, like Lightnin' Hopkins, like the blues himself. The Trickster Sonnet, hoedown, the tango, the cante jondo. Like blessed spirituals and ragas, custom-made. Like sagas. Like stories. Like slick, slow, sly, soliloquies sliding into dramas. Like crime and punishment. Like death and birth. Canal Street, New Orleans. Like the easy, erasable, troubled voices a whirling ceiling fan makes in deep summer nights in hot, un-heavenly hotels. Oklahoma, Arkansas, Tennessee. Like the Mississippi River so deep and wide, you couldn't get a letter to the other side. Like Grand Canyon. Like Yosemite National Park. Like beans and cornbread. Like rest and recreation. Like love and like. I know we last. I know our bleeding stops.

turn 3 : The poet's work is inspired by various cultural influences and experiences.

How does the poet describe the ceiling fan's sound in the poem?

Answer: Sound


Well, actually, we - there's three records on the chart, the chart of this year. Within the top of 30, you have Flo Rida, and then there - a couple of other songs that were charting this year were Alicia Keys and one by Timbaland with "One Republic. "

So, you know, in the - if you look at the top ten, one thing I'm happy about in terms of grading on the curve, if you look at the top ten, every decade that this chart has touched, is represented here. We have one from the 50s, and we also have the '60s, '70s, '80s, and '90s, and this decade represented.

But yeah, there's ample representation of recent hits here. One from this decade in the top 10 being by Mariah Carey, "We Belong Together. "

All right, what is changing about the music game with digital distribution?Does it affect how people buy singles, and what might be on the top 100 in the next 50 years?

turn 2 : There are recent hit songs in the top 10 chart.

Which song by Mariah Carey is in the top 10?

Answer: Together


How do you think people view the people that you grew up with now?

Well, I think - especially when we're talking about Appalachia, I think it's the same stereotypes we've been dealing with forever. I got off a plane in Arizona, and the person who was driving me said, you know, what do people where you come from think of your books?And before I could answer, she said, or can they read?

Oh.

And I looked at her, and I was kind of angered by that. But at the same time, I don't think she meant it that way. But I said, you know, of course we can read. And we even got shoes, you know. I think, in a lot of ways, we're dealing with the same stereotypes we've dealt with forever.

turn 1 : "Well, I think - especially when we're talking about Appalachia, I think it's the same stereotypes we've been dealing with forever." Implication: The speaker believes that people from Appalachia are often subject to negative stereotypes that persist over time.

How do stereotypes affect people from Appalachia?

Answer: Angered.


Thank you.

So boys are broken. What did you mean by that?

I want to clarify that I am not an expert in gender studies. I'm not an expert really in anything, other than maybe '80s music. And so my thoughts are reflective on my experiences and the experiences of people around me and my observations after living 46 years as a dude. What do I mean by boys are broken?I think it means that there is something going on with American men that is giving them the permission and space to commit violence. And one of the main things we focus on correctly is guns and mental health, but I think deeper than that is a problem, a crisis in masculinity.

You wrote in this that the last 50 years redefined womanhood. Women were taught that they can be anything. No commensurate movement for men, who are still generally locked to the same rigid, outdated model of masculinity. And it's killing us. When you say that there's this rigid masculinity, what do you mean by that - that men aren't able to express themselves?

Partially, yeah. I also think that masculinity doesn't have a language in the way that femininity has come to have a language. We understand that femininity can be much more broadly encompassing than masculinity now. When you think of a strong woman, that doesn't rob her of any of her femininity. But when you think of a fragile man, that has the effect culturally, I think, of neutering that guy. And so much of masculinity is rooted in sexuality.

turn 4 : Masculinity doesn't have a language and is much more rooted in sexuality compared to femininity.

Answer: rigidly


(Laughter).

. . . Over the last couple weeks being on the road with this. So can I take you with me everywhere I go now, Sacha?

We're glad to hear that. Thank you for that. So you actually start your book with a note to readers. It's about a company that was hiring you to teach leadership. And the man you were talking with told you he wanted to make sure that your presentation was also applicable to men. You had a sassy reply. Would you tell our listeners how you responded to him?

Yeah. I said, good question, but only if you ask that of other male speakers for the women that will be in the audience. You know, and I think that - the reason why I wanted to start the book off with this specific anecdote is because I have to bring light to some of the micro-aggressions or insidious things that men say that women have to take and eat and store away.

turn 2 : It's about a company that was hiring you to teach leadership. And the man you were talking with told you he wanted to make sure that your presentation was also applicable to men. You had a sassy reply. Would you tell our listeners how you responded to him?"

How did the man react when PersonA responded to his comment?

Answer: Unknown


As we know, the president has been very big on tariffs, right?I mean, he recently tweeted, tariffs are the greatest - one of many tweets like that. What has - what changed here?

This was an amazing turnaround. It was a real victory for the free traders in the White House and for those who argued that it's not good for the president to be in a circular firing squad with our European allies. Instead, he should work with them to pressure China at the WTO about intellectual property theft and forced technology transfers. The other thing that caused this turnaround was the president really needed a win. He was facing a wall of opposition from his own constituents, from Republican members of Congress, from farmers, from people who work in small manufacturing plants.

The other thing that made a big difference, according to a senior White, House official that I talked to, was that the European Commission president, Jean-Claude Juncker, came in with a specific deal. He said we're going to buy this many more soybeans, this much more liquefied natural gas. This is a very transactional president. And, apparently, Canada, Mexico, China - none of them have come in with specific deals the way the EU did last week. So the president went from saying privately, I don't need Europe to making a deal.

And how, Mara, will this deal announcement affect his all-important base?

turn 1 : The firing squad means that the president should not be surrounded by people that hate him.

How did the free traders in the White House and those who argued against being in a circular firing squad with European allies achieve a victory?

Answer: Soybeans


It will need to come from all of those sources, but it also has to - we have to take into account that the economic policies that are encouraged in things like bio-fuel all drive up the cost of fuel. So trading policies, agricultural policies that force people to engage in a form of agriculture that destroys the land, increase the price of food and pushes us further towards a global crisis.

Well, Bill, thanks so much.

Any time.

Bill Fletcher is a senior scholar with The Institute for Policy Studies and a former president of TransAfrica Forum.

turn 0 : Economic policies like bio-fuel increase fuel cost and food prices, leading to global crisis.

How do agricultural policies affect food prices?

Answer: increase


Kevin, I imagine doing what you do, you can't have much of an appetite for leftovers on a day like today.

No, I probably will be eating a hamburger or something today.

Well, I wish you a very good day, and thanks for taking the time to speak with us.

Absolutely. Have a great time.

turn 1 : A uses the phrase "eating a hamburger or something" to refer to what he will eat on that day. The actual meaning of the phrase is that he will likely have a meal that is quick and easy to obtain, rather than specifically referring to a hamburger.

What is the actual meaning of PersonA's phrase "eating a hamburger or something"?

Answer: Quick


Are they willing to let people die over that principle?

Oh, no. No, you don't - but to who - and that's such an interesting - I love that you got right to the college dorm part of the argument, you know - are you going to let people die?No one's going to let people die. You know, there's talk about - oh, my gosh, the Trump budget cuts Meals on Wheels. Meals on Wheels gets 3 percent of its funding, approximately, from government sources. Ninety-seven percent is people want to take care of their neighbors.

I. . .

People are not going to let their neighbors die.

turn 1 :  Oh, no. No, you don't - but to who - and that's such an interesting - I love that you got right to the college dorm part of the argument, you know - are you going to let people die? No one's going to let people die. You know, there's talk about - oh, my gosh, the Trump budget cuts Meals on Wheels. Meals on Wheels gets 3 percent of its funding, approximately, from government sources. Ninety-seven percent is people want to take care of their neighbors.

How much of the funding for Meals on Wheels comes from government sources?

Answer: disagreement


And now to another story we'll hear more about this week. It starts with a number - $90 billion. That's about how much Uber is expected to be worth when it goes public - that despite the fact the company has never actually turned a profit. It's made plenty of money but never more than it spends. Its move to go public and consolidate power comes at a time when Americans are questioning the power of Silicon Valley and leading politicians are calling for the breakup of tech giants. New York Times opinion columnist Farhad Manjoo recently called the Uber IPO a moral stain on Silicon Valley. He admitted his once-bright-eyed take on the startup has dimmed dramatically. He's here to talk with us about why. And he joins us from Mountain View, Calif. Welcome.

Hi. Good to be here.

You say you used to be a naive baby tech pundit who bought into the Uber hype, fanboy of sorts. These are your words. But this past week in your column, you lamented, what's become of Uber?What exactly are you lamenting?

Yeah, I mean, I once thought that Uber could be a win for everyone. You know, we used to - in cities, we used to sort of have these taxi cartels which limited supply and didn't really offer a great service. And Uber seemed like a better version of the taxi. And it also kind of offered these environmental promises. We'd have, you know, people using cars more efficiently. Like, Uber promised that it could get us - you know, more people in cars, get fewer cars on the road.

turn 3 : Uber promised to make transportation more efficient and eco-friendly by getting more people in fewer cars on the road, but this promise has not been fully realized.

What promise did Uber make regarding transportation efficiency and environmental impact?

Answer: Efficiency


Make sure you got the right booty shorts on.

Well, it depends on the job you're applying for, I guess.

Yeah. I guess it does. No. I think you're bringing up something that's happening not only in the employment sector, but also for college admissions, and all types of things. So it's finding itself, trickling down into other areas. So the bottom line, first foremost, remember that the Internet is a public space. All right?Anything that you put up there can ultimately - I don't care if you're password protected or not. Ultimately that could be copied, found, and reposted somewhere else. So first and foremost, make sure that your content that you're revealing of yourself is something that you're comfortable with showing to a possible employer or a college admissions officer.

Secondly, use it to your advantage. Use these things like LinkedIn. You create your own blog site. Make sure that some of the discussion that is out there about you, you're controlling that. Make sure you have your own presence online. So talk about some of the extracurricular activities, your hobbies, your interests, things that you've done really, really well or you're very proud about, and take advantage of some of that. I think that's something to really take consideration of because this is a time where people are actually looking at these online sources, and you have to separate between your social life and your business life, and be able to understand how to do that in this online world.

turn 1 : Choosing the appropriate outfit is important for job interviews.

What is the advice given by "A" regarding the content that should be revealed online?

Answer: Comfortable


And yet we see, at this particular moment in time, isolationism on the rise. We see it in Brexit. We see it here in the United States. Does that make the fight against genocide more difficult?

Oh, I think it absolutely does. There's been a lot of progress in the last 25 years, including the creation of their doctrine that's called Responsibility to Protect, which says that the United Nations has a responsibility to protect the people of a country when their own states fail to do so. What happens if that multilateralism falls apart is that we start to question those powers that do intervene. You start to question their motives in those instances where multilateralism falters.

That's David Simon, director of Yale's Genocide Studies Program. Thank you very much.

Thank you, Lulu.

turn 2 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer

Which turn mentioned the director of Yale's Genocide Studies Program?

Answer: 2


But it feels more than a tribute to a great man. It's more about the nature of friendship and how you navigate fundamental differences with people that you care about.

Yeah. What we had that we loved together so much, you know, the things that we shared, the loves that we shared, you know, for literature and for sports other than basketball. But, you know, he was an English teacher. I was an English major. So we had that, and that was a tremendous bond. And it enabled him to reach into my life and for me to have insight into his life.

You write in this book though - and I'm quoting here - "he didn't quite understand that when you are black in America, everything is about race. "You got to know him at a time when the civil rights movement was underway. You were finding your voice on race, but he disappointed you on that issue along the way at times.

Well, I don't think coach disappointed me so much as sometimes he didn't understand how race could affect somebody. And he didn't see that until he was with me, and we went through incidents where he saw that geez, he wouldn't like to have experienced that.

turn 0 : "the nature of friendship and how you navigate fundamental differences with people" is not meant to be taken literally, but rather as a metaphorical way of describing the dynamics of a complex relationship.

How is the nature of the relationship between PersonA and coach described in turn 0?

Answer: bond


The proposed bailout of the auto industry, which includes $15 billion in loans and a car czar to oversee the company's business decisions, is being criticized by some people as too much government interference. Malcolm Salter has advised Ford and GM, and he has studied the auto industry for decades. He's a professor emeritus at Harvard Business School. Welcome to the program.

Good to be here.

Well, what do you think of that plan?

I have some very serious questions about oversight, and I think we're moving awfully quickly on this because, obviously, the events are forcing us to do so. But I have some concerns about this so-called car czar. I'm not quite sure I know what it means. I'm not quite sure I know what decision rights the car czar will have.

And if, in fact, the car czar does have decision rights such as reported the Wall Street Journal this morning, which was where they were to review and presumably review all transactions more than $25 million, that seems to me like pretty granular oversight. And the question that I would ask, who has sufficient specific knowledge to make those kind of decisions who really hasn't been involved in the auto industry?

turn 1 : Good to be here implies that it's very interesting and I'm accepting to be part of it

Which industry is being criticized in the dialogue?

Answer: Bailout


Oh, we anticipate that to be the case. We've demonstrated this with antibodies, monoclonal antibodies. I mentioned enzymes already. And so we anticipate quite a range of potential utility for therapeutics.

So you think this a game-changer for storing drugs?

Well, we are very optimistic, yes. I think it could certainly have a major impact.

I want to thank you very much for taking time to be with us today, and good luck to you. It's very fascinating.

turn 2 : The development could have a significant impact on drug storage.

What could have a significant impact on drug storage?

Answer: Development


Well, you know, when you talk about fascists, one would think that that movement and the fascism of Mussolini - its ideas might have been buried a long time ago in Italy.

Yeah, well, theoretically, in 1945 when the dictatorship fell. But, you know, Italy was never made to come to terms with its fascist past. There were no Nuremberg trials. And many fascist bigwigs just blended back into society. Italy had a large communist movement that had been the backbone of the partisan battle against fascism. So with the start of the Cold War, the allies feared communists would take over and did not push for a defascistization (ph) of society.

So today, there are several openly fascist parties running in this election. They probably won't overcome the 3-percent threshold to get into Parliament. But they're very visible. They were very loud. And they've, you know, reawakened the political ghosts of the past. They've emboldened other populist parties to use language and make proposals that, until recently, mainstream politics would have really considered unacceptable.

What happened to the moderates, though?I mean, why hasn't the outgoing ruling party, which is center-left, been able to showcase some real achievements that it's had?

turn 2 : Fascist parties have emboldened populist parties to use unacceptable language.

Which parties have emboldened other parties to use unacceptable language?

Answer: Fascist


I suppose that reaching young people would be the appropriate place to go to try to build a new sensibility about Africa?

I had this girl in Oakland come up to me, and she says why are you talking to us?I look around the audience here and the kids sitting alongside of me, the people who can make a difference are people with influence, people with money, and the people sitting by me have neither. I said it is so much more than you think in terms of the influence you have and the power you have, the sense of passion you have.

You know, they haven't settled yet often in high school and stuff. We get older and we seem to just settle and say, well that's the way it is and the edge seems to be taken off. But they're at high school, and at colleges, universities, they haven't settled for less and it is - it's inspiring for me as I see the activism that's happening.

Now, does it happen within your own family?I don't know the ages of your children, but I wonder if your passion has been passed down to them?

turn 0 : They suppose that informing young people in an engaging way would be appropriate.

How did PersonB suggest reaching young people to build a new sensibility about Africa?

Answer: Young


So what I did was incorporate the superhero, but have them have HIV in real life situations, if the person were to have it. So they would have the same illnesses, the same sicknesses, and even some of the characters may die from AIDS or something like that.

So, the book really shows you - I have in one scene where you see one of the characters is about to have sexual relations with a woman, and he - I show a condom. I talk about. . .

Robert, I'm sorry. We have to wrap it up here. There's so much to talk about. . .

I'm sorry for that.

turn 0 : Incorporating a superhero with HIV in real life situations to raise awareness of the disease.

What illness is incorporated into the superhero in the book?

Answer: HIV


An appointment like yours will sunset with this presidency. So, what do you plan to do afterwards?

I don't know. You know, government service, my term in government service, the last two years, followed a private-sector career of 24 years. One of the exciting things about being in the government, I think, is when you can move the needle it touches so many people's lives. And prior to this, I ran the Small Business Administration and - which does terrific work, including providing loans for disaster victims, homeowners, not just small businesses. So, I'm very open-minded. You know, I loved working in the private sector, but I just really treasure the opportunity to make an impact through the public sector.

You've mentioned disasters a couple of times, and we are rolling around on the third anniversary of Katrina. The federal government's response was widely criticized. What do you think you've done right in terms of dealing with disasters recently?

Recent history has been very good, whether it be the fires in California or the floods in the Midwest, a number of significant tornado incidents. And what I think has happened well, it really falls into a couple of areas. Number one, I think the response has been rapid. The front-end response has been rapid. Number two, which I don't think is quite as visible to people, is the coordination among government agencies at the federal level, and between the federal and then the state and local levels, has been, I think, much improved.

turn 0 : The appointment will end with the current presidency, and you will lose your job.

Answer: Current


The government created an aid program to help out farmers who are hurt by these tariffs. Have you benefited from that?

Certainly. It was a key part of filling the gap created by the harm that we felt from the tariffs and the money we were losing in that market. But I think most farmers don't want to rely on government aid packages, going forward. We would much rather have access to one of the world's largest users of soybeans.

When you go to the local - I don't know - coffee shop or supply store or Walmart and have conversations with other people in the community, how are people feeling these days?

Well, and that's - I really appreciate you bringing that up 'cause it's not just farmers who are affected by this. Small towns like Kulm, N. D.  - we are an agriculture community. Not everybody here is a farmer. We have many small businesses that rely on farmers - hardware stores, grocery stores. And when farmers struggle, everybody in these small towns starts to feel the hurt. When you talk to businesses who have been around for a long time, I mean, they - their bottom line is directly affected by whether farmers are making a profit or not.

turn 1 : This implies that the Farmers does want any aid from the government. They would rather prefer that the government remove harsh tariffs on the world's largest soybeans.

What do most farmers prefer instead of relying on government aid packages?

Answer: Access


NPR's Tovia Smith has been following the story from Boston and joins us now. Tovia, let's begin with what you saw in court today.

Well, Felicity Huffman actually broke down in tears in court as she explained to the judge that her daughter knew nothing about the scam and that her daughter's accommodation for extra time on tests was legit. But she then pleaded guilty to conspiracy to commit mail fraud, admitting that she paid $15,000 to get her daughter's SAT scores boosted by having someone correct the answers after the daughter took the test.

And we know Huffman is among the most high-profile of defendants, along with the other Hollywood star Lori Loughlin, but another parent also pleaded guilty in court today, and that is LA businessman Devin Sloane, who was involved in a different angle of this scam. He paid bribes to get his son recruited to the USC water polo team even though the son was never a competitive player. And the dad went so far as to get someone to photoshop pictures of his son to look like he was. And he paid $250,000 in bribes that were disguised as charitable donations.

Sloane and Huffman are among 20 parents, coaches, others to plead guilty. What are they hoping for?

turn 0 : "joins us now" - Literal meaning: Tovia Smith physically joins the radio program at that moment. Actual meaning: Tovia Smith starts speaking on the radio program.

How did Tovia Smith contribute to the radio program?

Answer: joined


Yeah. So Texas Governor Greg Abbott, in a press conference, announced the number of casualties in today's shooting here in El Paso. That number is 20 total casualties with 26 others injured. Authorities say the victims range in all age groups. The governor called this one of the deadliest days in Texas.

And what more do we know about the person who was taken into custody?

You know, from the authorities, we don't know much more beyond this was a white 20-year-old - 21-year-old male who was apprehended without incident by the El Paso police at an intersection just behind the Walmart. The state police is taking the lead on this investigation. But at today's press conference, the El Paso police chief say that they believe that this incident may be connected to a hate crime.

And why did they say that?

turn 2 : to be connected to something in this context means something happened because of something else

Which word describes the possible motive of the shooter in this incident?

Answer: Hate


I think that's George Bush's fault. Everything else is George Bush's fault. John McCain - look, there are a lot of ways to lose a campaign. And one way to think about it is the way Republicans lost the presidential campaign in 1996, which is that Bob Dole became a much less divisive presence in the last weeks of the campaign. Resources were transferred from the presidential campaign to the House races.

And that year, a year that the Republicans could easily have lost the House, that Republican majority in the House was barely saved. So that's a model for one way to do it. But another thing that can happen is, you can run a campaign - and this is what John McCain is doing - that agitates your base and gets them motivated but also forfeits independents and centrists.

And in your piece, this is a lot of what the Palin factor is. . .

Right.

turn 0 : Blaming George Bush for everything is a common theme among Democrats.

Which theme is commonly discussed by Democrats according to turn 0?

Answer: Incorporating


(Laughter).

. . . The future seems to be getting here, doesn't it?

Well, we've always joked on "Men In Blazers," Scott, that soccer has been America's sport of the future since 1972. But that future is very much now. So next Friday, next Saturday we are holding BlazerCon, which is kind of a Comic-Con but for football. You could say it's like Comic-Con but nerdier, where football fans from across America will come together in Brooklyn and meet with some of the elite global thinkers who are shaping the tectonic plates of football from the Premier League Chairman Richard Scudamore, Christian Siefert, who runs Bundesliga, the gentleman that runs Liverpool, Manchester City, Everton Football Club, as well as the U. S.  women's national team players, MLS owners. It's going to be an absolute cacophony of really exploring joyously the future of football globally, but more importantly, I guess for us, how this game is going to evolve in America in the next decade.

Roger Bennett, host of "Men In Blazers," thanks so much. Hope to talk to you soon, Roger.

turn 1 : The speaker is implying that the future is arriving faster than expected.

What does the speaker joke that soccer has been America's sport of the future since 1972?

Answer: Soccer


So that, and unfortunately too many people in the community, too many of my friends who are worried about global warming, have already taken a position on fracking. The fact is that natural gas can be made clean. It's not hard. It's much easier to do clean fracking than it is, for example, to make cheap solar.

So I'm hoping that the environmentalists who have started to oppose fracking, I think prematurely, can be won over and recognize that this has to be part of a worldwide energy policy. Natural gas also helps the Chinese because their citizens are being choked by the soot and other emissions of their coal plants.

So expediting a shift, this should be U. S.  policy, that we will help the Chinese make the shift from coal to natural gas. China, India, the developing world, this is absolutely essential.

And what about a shift to renewables?

Well, that's wonderful, and that will ultimately take the place of natural gas, but take China for example. Last year, they installed what everybody says was a gigawatt of solar. In fact, it wasn't a gigawatt because that's the peak power. Average in night, and it's half a gigawatt. Average mornings and late afternoons, it's a quarter of a gigawatt.

turn 0 : Fracking is not as harmful as environmentalists believe.

Which position have too many people in the community taken on fracking?

Answer: oppose


And I finished my first really substantial version of "Copperhead" the same weekend as the Charlottesville protests almost two years ago, the same weekend that Heather Heyer was murdered. And my wife was reading this draft of "Copperhead" at the same time that all this was on the news, so it was very much on my mind.

I mean, my family history - you know, I look back, and I think, OK, this has always been coming. But right now, it feels louder. It feels scarier. But I struggle with the idea that if we somehow hate more, hate louder, hate harder - that's how we're going to win this fight. I think the only thing that can beat away darkness is light. But at the same time, one of the reasons I think this book is important is that we have to have honest conversations about race and class - all of us.

Did you have teenagers in mind as a potential audience for this novel?Would you, for instance, want a high school English class to study "Copperhead?"

When I was writing it, I didn't think of it that way. But I think it's an excellent book for teenagers and college students because there are things to talk about. The point of the book isn't to deliver a moral. It's not out there sort of signaling that, yes, we're all good people. It's saying to teens, hey - your actions have consequences, and you have to think about who you want to be.

turn 1 : .I think the only thing that can overcome negative is positive

Which event prompted the author to write "Copperhead"?

Answer: Charlottesville


Now, while you are putting all of that together and getting ready to write it, you still have a - have to do your shift with the overnight with the cops, right?

Yeah. That's about once a month. And we actually get - I actually get a break when I'm covering the legislative session, which lasts two months. I actually get a break because the younger reporters - they have to pull a night cop shift at least once a week. So I consider myself lucky.

Well, you have worked there for 18 years.

Eighteen years. Yeah.

I gather that you were not planning to stick around that long, but then you did. Why?

turn 1 :  (2) Implied Meaning: I am fortunate because I don't have to do the night shift that often and I get a break when I am covering the legislative session.

Which session does PersonA get a break during?

Answer: Legislative


Who happens to be black.

You know.

And happens to be benched right now.

Happens to be benched. What do you make of this?I think Vince's issues I think are quite different from Tarvaris. I think there was a lot of pressure on Vince from the time he came out of Texas to kind of be the black Johnny Unitas, and he's going to - they'll both have an opportunity to sit and watch, and hopefully come back with a vengeance.

One really quick other black quarterback not in the league at the moment, in Atlanta, Michael Vick. Is Matt Ryan, the replacement, making Atlanta Falcon fans forget Michael Vick?

turn 0 : The person being black is relevant to the conversation

What characteristic is relevant to the conversation according to turn 0?

Answer: race


So actually - so there have been many deaths from throwing events in track and field, but the javelin does not take up quite as many of those as the shot and disc do. Yeah, there are some pretty gruesome scenes when talking about the javelin injuries. And obviously, you know, getting impaled by a spear is not that good (laughter). But it's far less common than you might think.

So you're writing this paper which you hope will lead to getting the javelin reinstated as a sport. How do you think that'll work?What's going to be in your paper?

Well, there's a lot of things. You know, I think the biggest concerns that coaches have with implementing the event have to do with the injuries due to the javelin hitting somebody. You know, so I'll have to address that and the actual statistics behind it.

But really it's going to be more of a guide on how to implement the javelin and why it's better that it's included as an event in high school track here than not because, you know, I feel like it's just a great opportunity that everybody should have because I was lucky enough to find it through club track. And, you know, my life would be a lot different if I hadn't.

turn 2 : In (3), when A says "I'll have to address that and the actual statistics behind it," the literal meaning would be that A will simply mention the statistics related to injuries caused by the javelin hitting someone. However, the implied meaning is that A will need to address the concerns of coaches regarding the safety of the javelin event and provide evidence to support the claim that the sport can be implemented safely.

What will PersonA have to address besides the statistics related to injuries caused by the javelin hitting someone in order to support the inclusion of the javelin as an event in high school track?

Answer: Safety


A judge on Friday, before his disappearance, had slapped him with a half-million-dollar judgment in relation to some of his previous business dealings. His wife had filed for divorce. His stepfather had also been buried on the same day that the judgment came down.

Mr.  Schrenker is from Indiana. His plane crashed in Florida. He landed in your state, Alabama. Where exactly will he face charges?

He already faces charges in Indiana from the secretary of state's office. He likely will face charges in Florida. The Coast Guard Investigative Services now are working with the Pensacola U. S.  attorney's office. They are tallying up the cost of the search for him. That will include manpower hours; that will include two helicopters, a boat and a cutter that they had put into the water. So, he will face a felony charge there, which has not been filed yet, of making a false distress call, and likely will be asked to repay the cost of the search for him.

Carol, has anything been heard from his wife or those who had invested money with him?

turn 2 : The Coast Guard will charge Mr. Schrenker for making a false distress call, and he will have to pay for the cost of the search.

Answer: False


With us now, author and economist Julianne Malveaux, she is president of Bennett College. Welcome, Dr.  Malveaux.

Greetings, Farai. How are you?

I'm doing well, but some people aren't. And let's talk about these figures and really, what is shifting in our economy right now in terms of the different sectors where people are losing these tens of thousands of jobs?

Well, people are looking ahead and they're very uncertain, and that's what we see in markets. We see people laying people off. We also have some challenge in financial market. Certainly, the Bear Stearns' crisis raises all kinds of questions. The housing market, of course, we've talked about that on this program several times, but the fact is that we see a stagnancy. We don't see growth. We see houses that are overvalued. Lots of people in mortgage crisis. People who bought homes within the last five years finding that they overpaid for their homes and they couldn't sell them in what they paid for them, so they're stuck. That removes liquidity.

turn 3 : "Certainly, the Bear Stearns' crisis raises all kinds of questions." - The literal meaning is a statement about the impact of the Bear Stearns crisis on the financial market. The implied meaning is that the Bear Stearns' crisis has resulted in uncertainty and questions about the stability of the financial market.

What kind of questions does the Bear Stearns' crisis raise?

Answer: uncertainty


It's so hard, yeah. . .

But - yeah.

. . . To not be recognized. I know this is one of the things that many people say, is not being recognized by their family members. It's just the worst feeling in the world.

Yeah. And in our case, it wasn't permanent. I mean, I can't imagine the feeling of people for whom this is a constant.

turn 2 : "the worst feeling in the world" implies that not being recognized is the feeling that causes the most pain.

What feeling does being not recognized cause according to turn 2?

Answer: Pain


So - but they did these kits, which also are - each one of them is a box that contain a lot of evidence that could be tested. And so yes, we have a problem in this country with rape culture. You see that going on right now. It's never been more evident than it is now - rape culture, sexual harassment culture, all of that.

And so training was also needed. Back then, when we first started, we had found police reports in some files that we pulled where police officers were writing very disparaging things about our victims - not believing them, dismissing their cases, not bothering to work on them. And so that was a part of it as well - not just the neglect, not just no money but just active rape culture in play, where they just did not care.

Based on your expertise, this is happening in a number of cities and counties. Isn't it?

Yeah. There are estimated to be over 400,000 untested abandoned rape kits in this country. And I don't know if you're familiar with Michigan Stadium right here in our state. It seats over 100,000 people. When I tell people that the amount of untested kits in this country that they're estimated to be - you can fill up the biggest college or national football stadium in the country four times. And that's if each kit represents a victim - which it does - and you think of game day at Michigan Stadium four times over, that's how many we have in this country. And that's probably a conservative estimate. It is absolutely horrible. And hopefully, it is changing, albeit very slowly.

turn 1 :  "writing very disparaging things about our victims - not believing them, dismissing their cases, not bothering to work on them."

How were the police officers treating the victims?

Answer: Dismissive


Let's get back to the news organizations who weren't permitted in this briefing. Now, I gather this kind of briefing is called a gaggle. What happened?

That's right.

Were you there?What did you see?

Well, what happened is instead of the daily on-camera briefing, Sean Spicer called a gaggle so he could talk to the pool. That's the small group of reporters that go places where the entire press corps can't fit. And then they share their transcripts and their notes with everyone else in the press corps. The White House said this gaggle would have an extended pool. And turns out they invited some additional organizations, but they pointedly excluded others like CNN, The New York Times, Politico. NPR was not there.

turn 2 : (3) implies that the speaker wants to know what the speaker observed,

What is the name of the briefing that Sean Spicer called instead of the daily on-camera briefing?

Answer: Gaggle


All right.

You know, Cory Booker is the latest Democrat to get in, but most of the conversation this last week was about Howard Schultz, who calls himself a longtime Democrat - lifelong Democrat - but who is talking about running as an independent.

Try and avoid any latte jokes. He didn't exactly make a good first impression with a lot of people, did he?

It is no joke to a lot of Democrats. They're seeing a Schultz candidacy as a spoiler, a way to split the anti-Trump vote and re-elect Trump. And most of the positive commentary about Schultz's candidacy has been coming from the other side, including the president, who sent out a tweet questioning Schultz's smarts and saying he didn't have the guts. And it just might sound like the way to goad somebody to run, especially if someone really would like to see Schultz in the race.

Seemed clear this week more than ever that the directors of U. S.  intelligence agencies see the world differently than President Trump does, doesn't it?

turn 4 : to see the world differently means to have a different opinion

How did the directors of U.S. intelligence agencies see the world compared to President Trump?

Answer: Differently


But any discussion of regulating it?

Yeah, absolutely. And in fact, the organizer did bring in a bunch of bioethicists to attend this meeting to really remind people of the concerns people have about this. And for example, one of the bioethicists got up in the opening stages of the meeting to remind people that this is the 200th anniversary of the publication of Mary Shelley's "Frankenstein," and people could sort of draw a connection between these two events in their minds. And so they had to be really careful. They had to be really transparent to make sure that society has an open debate about this sort of thing before it gets too far down the road.

All right, Rob Stein, NPR Health correspondent, thanks so much.

Oh, sure. Great being here.

turn 1 : Turn (2) contains an example of figurative language, where the connection between the publication of Mary Shelley's "Frankenstein" and the discussion about regulating a particular technology is symbolic rather than literal. The bioethicist is using the reference to "Frankenstein" to illustrate the potential dangers of unbridled scientific progress, rather than making a direct comparison between the two events.

How is the connection between the publication of Mary Shelley's "Frankenstein" and the discussion about regulating a particular technology described?

Answer: Symbolic


What would be a - and forgive the pun - what would be the holy grail for an Indiana Jones like you?What would be the ultimate?

Well, that would be to go right back to the beginning, you know, to do like a dino brew, you know, sort of a Garden of Eden type of beverage, I guess. And unfortunately in the Paleolithic period, the containers get destroyed. They were probably made out of leather, wood or whatever. So we don't have remnants of any containers from the Paleolithic period.

And that's important because once you have a container like pottery, made of pottery, the liquids get absorbed into that, and it helps to retain the ancient organic materials until the biomolecular archeologists like us comes along thousands of years later.

Do you have any bets of where the cradle of civilization for wine and beer originates?

turn 1 : Garden of Eden and Dino brew are not literal; it implies that they'd find something really old that dates back to the beginning of an era we have knowledge of.

How does the speaker describe the containers used in the Paleolithic period?

Answer: Leather


Let me move on to another issue. I was covering both the Democratic and Republican Conventions, and one of the biggest applause lines during the Republican Conventions had to do with drilling for oil. Drill now, drill now, drill now. There is a serious set of distinctions between Senator Obama's policy towards energy and the McCain campaigns policy towards energy. Very briefly, very briefly, describe them to me, as they would affect consumers.

OK, I would say three distinct differences. One, the emphasis of McCain has been on drilling. The facts show that he U. S.  consumes 25 percent of the world's oil and has 3 percent of the reserves. So it's obvious that we cannot drill our way out of that problem.

Obama's focus has been on what can we do in the immediate run, and in the long run, to wean our dependence on oil. And that means investing in an extensive program to convert the economy with green jobs and research, deployment, development of alternative energy. And it also means efficiencies, conservation, raising fuel standards and things to reduce our demand.

So emphasizing the whole portfolio of energies and reducing our demand, but we know that ultimately we've got to move to a different source of energy, and that's the only way to do it. And that is a very big difference between the two candidates.

turn 1 : Drilling for oil is not a viable solution to the problem of oil consumption

What is the main focus of Obama's energy policy?

Answer: Green


Yeah, Scott, well it began with - you know, it was a warm night last night, and people were out - it was a Friday night - sitting at a restaurant out at a cafe. And that's how it started. The attackers drove by with Kalashnikovs and just fired into everyone at that outdoor cafe. And there was also an attack on the stadium - the national stadium - where Francois Hollande was watching a game - a friendly game - match between France and Germany - a soccer match. And two assailants blew themselves up with - they were suicide bombers outside the stadium. And everyone ran to the grass to take cover. There was complete chaos. It had to be evacuated. The thing authorities are saying that's so striking is that they were perfectly coordinated.

To occur at the same time. . .

Exactly.

. . . Which, of course, would deplete the emergency resources the city could bring to it. In the. . .

turn 2 : The speaker is agreeing with the previous speaker's statement about the attacks being coordinated, and the use of the word "exactly" suggests a shared understanding between the two speakers. This also implies that there may be more to the story than what has been reported so far, and that further investigation may be necessary to fully understand the nature and motives of the attackers.

What word did the speaker use to agree with the previous PersonA's statement?

Answer: Exactly


And I don't know if they ever made the spreadsheet. But the two of them really decided early on that they were committed to this. He also happened to be Swedish, which she said helped. But, you know, really kind of staying on top of it seemed to be the most important thing for couples.

And so what do you think the takeaway is?What needs to happen?

I think the takeaway is more awareness. One of the problems is that we have this idea of the modern involved father. We all know that things have improved a lot since the 1950s. And it's really easy to focus on that rather than to know - and I think most people don't know because they don't look at statistics - that fathers' participation leveled off at 35% around the year 2000. So we go into parenting expecting something like parity. But it doesn't manifest. So our expectations are really not being met. And that leads to a lot of anger.

That was Darcy Lockman, author of "All The Rage: Mothers, Fathers And The Myth Of Equal Partnership. "

turn 1 : A takeaway is a key fact, point, or idea to be remembered, typically one emerging from a discussion or meeting.

What is the definition of a takeaway in the context of the dialogue?

Answer: Definition


Different things. Some people have heard of the Ig Nobel Prize, many have not. To some of them - there have been some winners who have been waiting for it for years. More typically they're not quite sure what it is. Our standard policy, which - it has a few twists now and then. But in general, when we've chosen somebody, we will quietly get in touch with them, offer them the prize and give them the opportunity to quietly to decline the honor. And if they say no, that's fine, that's it. We never mention it. We don't even keep records. We give it to somebody else. But happily for us, not many people decline. Almost everybody accepts.

And some of them - do they actually go on to win the real Nobel Prize?

That's happened at least once. In the year 2000, we gave the Ig Nobel Prize in psychics to two physicists in England, Andre Geim and Michael Berry, who were, and are, quite eminent physicists. They won the Ig Nobel Prize that year for using magnets to levitate a frog. I don't know if you've seen the videos on the Web of that.

Yeah, yeah, yeah.

turn 2 : Winning the Ig Nobel Prize doesn't discredit their scientific achievements

Which prize did Andre Geim and Michael Berry win in the year 2000?

Answer: Psychics


I want to talk a little bit about the words that are used to describe wine. You know, normally we hear things like dry, oaky, buttery - I kind of understand what those mean. But sommeliers have a much more creative way of describing tasting notes that you might not hear in a restaurant.

Well, you get everything from the more straightforward fruits and vegetables. So it could be pomegranate, raspberry, blackberry, apple, pear, lemon. They can also range to the far more imaginative. There were times where I was sitting in a tasting group and I thought that I was hearing someone read from a Wiccan book of love spells.

(Laughter).

Burnt hair, desiccated strawberry, armpit, you know (laughter).

turn 3 : "Burnt hair, desiccated strawberry, armpit, you know." This turn implies that the person is using unconventional and perhaps even unpleasant descriptions to convey the taste and aroma of the wine, rather than simply using literal and conventional terms like "sweet" or "fruity".

How would you describe the taste and aroma of the wine?

Answer: Unconventional


And there were a lot of things we did with George, always trying to recover the Pinta population of tortoises.

But nothing worked out, huh?

Nothing worked out. George was never very interested in any other tortoises. He was pretty much of a loner. And if you think about his life on Pinta, he spent probably the first half of his life alone on that island, and maybe by the time he'd gotten company with other tortoises, he just wasn't too into socializing much anymore.

Now, what made him unique genetically?Why is he the last of his kind?

turn 3 :  "Why is he the last of his kind?" - The literal meaning of this question is asking for the reason behind George being the last of his species. The actual meaning is more complex, as the speaker is likely asking for an explanation of the genetic factors that led to the extinction of the Pinta tortoise population and George's unique genetic makeup.

Answer: Loner


. . . a day. And. . .

. . . capsized on this catamaran. He's there with this guy called Rene Wassing, the Dutch anthropologist, and his last words are: I think I can make it.

I think I can make it. And he dove in and swam to shore, and was never seen again.

Now, you went to Asmat yourself. You are a writer who's worked in many countries, but you say this is 10,000 square miles of maybe one of the wildest places on earth.

Yeah. It's the southwest coast of what's now Indonesian Papua, was then Dutch New Guinea; and it is a swamp.

turn 1 : (2) B's last words were "I think I can make it" and then he dove in and swam to shore, but he was not able to make it and was never seen again. The actual meaning here is that B was optimistic about his chances of survival and tried to make a run for it, but ultimately failed.

Which anthropologist was with PersonB when he capsized on the catamaran?

Answer: Rene


We have all been growing increasingly frustrated and upset about the direction of this country. Not just about policies, right?We're going to likely disagree. But it has been this bomb that I call it he has exploded within this country along racial lines. We have all been frustrated, and so we found a way to actually do something and say something and push back on this narrative around what we're saying about black and brown people as if this is not our country. No matter where our background is, what he's doing as it relates to immigrants - we felt like it wasn't enough being said, and so coming together, we thought our voices together would make a stronger impact.

Are you concerned at all that people will just dismiss this criticism of President Trump as a partisan attack?

You know, at this point, it doesn't matter. If they want to dismiss it, they can, but they are dismissing the larger point that was being made. He challenged our patriotism. He challenged the citizenship of those four women who are citizens of this country. He consistently challenges that when it comes to people of color. And so at this point, if somebody wants to dismiss it just because they want to see it through the lens of politics, that's a problem. But we elevated the fact that because we served this country and because we love this country, it doesn't mean that we have to sit quietly as we see things going wrong in this country.

Dru Ealons is a political blogger and strategist who served as a senior official at the EPA during the Obama administration.

turn 3 : "Sit quietly" is not about literally sitting down. Here, the implication is they don't want to be quiet, they want to speak out politically to protest against the President.

How do they want to speak out against the President?

Answer: Politically


So even though there are contaminations or contaminants that can affect the meteorite, there is definitely a lot of information that you can learn about these. In fact, you know, a lot of times people wonder, you know, meteoritics is such a small sort of niche of very specialized science. But everything that we understand about the beginnings of the Earth, everything that we understand about beginnings of the solar system, what we're made of, what the planet's made of, the age of the Earth, all of that comes from studying meteorites. And, you know, we can learn a lot from that.

Would that be a good topic for a novel, do you think?

Absolutely. There are actually quite a few novels that have been written about meteorite impacts and, you know, microbes being carried over here from other places. And yes, there are science fiction books that I've certainly read very avidly about that, but, yes. . .

So what is the holy grail of a meteorite collector?What do you really wish for some day?

turn 3 : not the literal grail or cup/platter used by jesus, but the most important thing or idea

Which object is referred to as the holy grail of a meteorite collector?

Answer: Meteorite


Science and magic are supposed to be opposites. Science is real, and it's hard, and it's facts-driven. Magic is illusion, and it's make-believe. Two separate worlds. But not for Teller, half of the famous magic duo Penn & Teller. He recently wrote an article for Smithsonian magazine, outlining the secrets that magicians use to manipulate the human mind and how those tricks may be put to use by scientists. At the core of every trick, he wrote, is a cold, cognitive experiment in perception. Does the trick fool the audience?

Well, in this portion of the program, we would like to hear from the magicians out there. What is the trick that proved most difficult for you to master?And if you want to share its secret, what was its secret?Our number is 800-989-8255. Our email address is talk@npr. org. And you can join the conversation on our website. Go to npr. org, and click on TALK OF THE NATION. Teller joins us from NPR member station KNPR in Las Vegas. Teller, thanks very much for joining us.

Happy to be here.

So psychologists talk about the artistic intuition that magicians have, this innate ability honed over time, a lot, a lot of time to grab a person's attention and control it and manipulate it. Are they right about that?Are psychologists on to something in this assessment of what you magicians are really up to?

turn 0 : "Magic is illusion, and it's make-believe." In this turn, the speaker is using the term "make-believe" to refer to the nature of magic. The literal meaning of "make-believe" is pretending or imagining something that is not real. However, in the context of magic, it implies the creation of illusions and the suspension of disbelief.

How does the speaker define "make-believe" in the context of magic?

Answer: Illusion


Well, right now, you'll be happy to hear I don't think there is any danger. I think the concern is that as we continue to make progress then eventually there might come a point when they are as smart as we are or even smarter. And intelligence in general is a very powerful thing. It's what makes us very powerful relative to other animals here on this planet. It's not because we are stronger muscles or sharper claws that the fate of the gorillas is now in our hands rather than in the gorilla's hands. And so similarly, if we create machines that exceed human intelligence then those machines also could be very powerful relative to us.

Well, I was flabbergasted when I began to do some reading. Although you say it's not about to happen; it's a while away; it is possible that children listening to this broadcast in the back seat of their parents' automobile might have to confront this?

Yeah, so that's why I think it's very positive that Elon Musk and some other people are not saying it's time to actually start work out the technology that we would need to keep machines safe, even if they eventually reach human level intelligence.

I mean, what's to solve?What do you do?

turn 1 :  implies surprise that the potential for machines to reach human intelligence is a reality that children might have to consider.

How was PersonB feeling about the possibility of children having to confront the potential for machines to reach human intelligence?

Answer: Surprised


Uterine artery embolization really cuts off the blood flow. The focused ultrasound works slightly differently because it's actually a procedure that doesn't require any incisions. The high-intensity ultrasound goes through the abdominal wall and is able to destroy the fibroid. So, it really doesn't affect the blood supply, but it can zero in and destroy the fibroid tissue.

It sounds like there's been a lot of advances in how people deal with this.

There have been, and I think that many women need to know better what their options are, and even many doctors are not aware of all of the ongoing research. For so many years, we just kind of relied on hysterectomy to fix all of the problems. And I think as women are busy in the workforce and doing more activities with their family and working that the benefit of minimally invasive treatments is really evident.

Suppose that you're someone who's had fibroids and you've had them removed, is there a chance they're going to come back, and if so, what do you do then?

turn 2 : And I think as women are busy in the workforce and doing more activities with their family and working that the benefit of minimally invasive treatments is really evident." - The actual meaning is that because women are busy with work and family, they need treatments that are less invasive and have a shorter recovery time.

Which group of people may benefit from minimally invasive treatments according to A?

Answer: Women


No. No.

. . . So many times. Yeah, because they didn't think I was part of the family. Now - I mean, I'm a 30-year-old woman now. . . .

Yeah.

. . . My identity is very clear to me. And I don't have to make it clear to anyone else because I don't think that's important, what anyone else thinks about me or what box they want to put me in. But I will say, for myself, making this record definitely was just a declaration of who I find myself being.

turn 3 : She is not being put in a box. She means the roles people apply to her and her life.

Answer: undefined


Tracy Letts, who won the 2008 Pulitzer Prize for his play, has adapted it for the screen. He's also won a Tony for starring on Broadway in "Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?"He plays a U. S.  senator in the latest season of "Homeland," and is a member of Chicago's Steppenwolf ensemble. Tracy Letts joins us from Chicago. Thanks so much for being with us.

Thanks for having me.

You know, such a well-known play, but I'm afraid I don't think I've ever heard the story of how you came to write "August: Osage County. "

It's based on family history. My grandfather - my mother's father - committed suicide when I was 10 years old. And my grandmother descended into years of downer addiction, which had a horrible impact on my family and has ripples in my family even to this day. And watching all of that unfold as a 10-year-old certainly had an impact on me.

turn 3 : The literal meaning of (4) is that Tracy Letts watched his family suffer when he was 10 years old, but the implied meaning is that the experience had a lasting effect on him and shaped his life and art.

What is the lasting impact of Tracy Letts' family experience on his life and art?

Answer: Art


I don't know where life would have led Ionel Talpazan if he'd slept on a cardboard box on a corner of, say, Akron or Peoria. But in New York, a famous art figure named Henry Tobler saw an artist in his drawings and wrote about him in scholarly journals. His pictures were included in Manhattan art galleries, and from the 1990s on, Ionel made his way in the world by his art. By the time he died, his works had hung at the American Visionary Art Museum and museums in San Francisco, London, Berlin, Madrid and France. Talpazans were sold in fancy galleries from SoHo to Chelsea. The man who'd slept in a box moved to a New York apartment.

My art shows spiritual technology, something beautiful and beyond human imagination that comes from another galaxy, he once told the Western Folklore journal. So in a relative way, this is like the God. Ionel Talpazan imagined incredible things and made them alive in the eyes of others. In a way, he did escape on his UFO.

(Singing) I wouldn't fool you, but I - I've seen the saucers so many times, I'm almost. . .

Elton John. You're listening to NPR News.

turn 1 :  implies that Ionel Talpazan was able to find success and make something of himself, and in a way, he was able to "escape" his struggles and reach his dreams

What did Ionel Talpazan do to make a name for himself?

Answer: Art


Some of that is after 9/11, but you know, a lot more flags and a lot more talking about America's mission to do good around the world. You hear it from secretaries of state down to ordinary people. That's new. That wasn't there before.

But there's also pushback to that too. So there's a bit more - I noticed a little bit more serious engagement among people in the - certainly in Washington and policy circles who are talking more about how the U. S.  and the world should interact. There wasn't much of that before. It was more the U. S.  sort of saying we should do this, this is how it's going to be, we're laying down the law.

So there's changes going on, but these changes are mirrored by changes all over the world. So there's nothing particularly unique about what's going on in the U. S.

I remember speaking to you, I think it was about two and a half years ago, and you were reporting on - from one of the most stultified regions in the world, where nothing seemed to change, decades of ossification in the Arab societies around the Middle East. And you now live in one of the most, for better or for worse, dynamic places in the world.

turn 1 : "Lay down the law" is an expression meaning the U.S. wouldn't listen to the needs of other countries, but would tell them what to do.

Which expression means the U.S. wouldn't listen to the needs of other countries, but would tell them what to do?

Answer: Law


I was like, yeah. She's like, what do you talk about?I say, my life, our life. And she's like, so you tell them about us and they pay you.

And she's like, I've never found you entertaining enough to pay you anything.

In fact, I wish you would shut up so - so she was - and my father is even worse. I mean, he's very dry. My mom has all the personality. My father is a - he's Swiss-German, so I mean he's just a combination of. . .

Known so much for their humor.

turn 0 : A: "And she's like, so you tell them about us and they pay you." - The phrase "she's like" is a colloquialism that means "she said" or "she asked", and it does not convey the literal meaning of the speaker's words.

How does "she's like" differ from its literal meaning?

Answer: Colloquialism


There were a bunch of others, "The Rover Boys," a whole bunch, all out of this little, tiny factory.

Wow. Anything like it around today?

There are a million things descended from it. As far as I know, there's nothing really like it that would center each one on. . .

Yeah.

turn 0 : bunch of others implies there are so many others available

Answer: million


You know, the liveliest speculation game in Washington right now is playing Rexit (ph), guessing the day that Rex Tillerson exits the Cabinet. He was first suggested to Bush - suggested by Bush officials. He was not a Trump crony. And the Bush officials had little use for Trump. And Tillerson was accepted by Trump despite the fact that he had little use for former Bush officials. So this was not a marriage made in heaven. And at the moment, it promises to be a mercifully brief marriage.

Bob Corker of Tennessee Senate, head of the Senate foreign relations committee, said, quote, "I think Secretary Tillerson, Secretary Mattis and chief of staff Kelly are those people that help separate our country from chaos. "That is not a ringing endorsement of executive leadership, is it?

No. And the question is, from whence cometh this chaos?Is it something that the president can't protect us from?Or is the chaos, in a sense, the responsibility of this palace guard because it's coming from inside the palace itself?

And president had dinner with military families, called in photographers and said, maybe it's the calm before the storm. And when he was asked why, he said, you'll find out. What do you make of this?

turn 3 : The literal meaning of (4) is that President Trump had dinner with military families, called in photographers and said that it may be "the calm before the storm". When asked why he said "you'll find out". The actual meaning of (4) is that President Trump is creating a sense of mystery and suspense, which implies that there may be something major yet to come.

Which word describes the implication of President Trump's statement during the dinner with military families?

Answer: Implication


According with my investigation, the first responsible of this crime was the 27th Battalion in Iguala, in particular, the colonel that received the phone call from the drug lord ordering him. You have to rescue my drugs. I pay you for this. You have - I don't know what you have to do. I want my drugs back.

Have they faced any consequences?What have they said to your findings?

Even now, the Mexican government is nagging (ph) in all the ways possible that the army - they were present. The real persons that were involved on that crime are not in jail. And I think if we are able to understand, if we are able to send to these people to jail, maybe we will be able to stop all these abuses of power and human rights violations.

You have been an investigative journalist for many years. It is an incredibly dangerous profession. We've seen so many journalists in Mexico killed. You are now living in Italy for your own safety. You have received threats. Are you worried about what this will mean for you and your family?

turn 2 : The Mexican government is constantly communicating things about the army in all ways that they can.

How is the Mexican government communicating about the army?

Answer: Nagging


Yeah, because, particularly when you're talking about tipped industries, where if somebody has a bad experience and they leave you zero dollars, that's your rent money. You get paid $2. 13 an hour. And particularly on alcohol-fueled public holiday, it gets even a little sketchier because you never know who's going to have, like, a fight with their friends, and nobody remembers the tip. And it's not that you did anything. It's just that drunk people are less frequently reliable as far as social norms.

You wrote a very successful book a couple of years ago, and now you're a professional writer. What are the holidays like for you now?

Oh, man, I do nothing. It's fantastic. I don't think I'm ever going to have the inclination to do a lot of work around the holidays because, to me, luxury is not doing a whole lot of anything. And it's - it's good to see the kids. That's a huge difference. I never saw the kids near the holidays. My youngest is 3. You know, seeing a 3-year-old on Christmas is pretty amazing - and not having to stress about the bills. The holidays were often the worst times of the year because you have so much extra social expectation and spending that needs to be done. You can be cheery and merry if you're not calculating in the back of your head the nickels.

So tonight, when - when people are out to have a good time, they should remember the servers that they deal with this. This is a living for them.

turn 2 : (3) Implies that the speaker used to have a difficult time during the holidays, as they had to worry about bills and expenses that come with the season.

Which time of the year was often the worst for the speaker?

Answer: Holidays


Yes. Everywhere we looked, we found these networks using very, very similar tactics. And often, not - they're different from what I think we have seen in the U. S.  elections where Russian operatives set up groups for a very long time. And also, like, in European countries, we saw those groups operating for years, sometimes starting as a lifestyle page or a movie page, and then slowly, but surely, shifting to becoming a far-right page. That is a clear, deceptive tactic to pull in more and more people into their stories.

And this disinformation that you were finding - it tended to skew to the far-right, or were people on the far-left - were there other groups skewing it in different directions?

Yes. So we started looking at what actual disinformation is spreading and looked who's spreading is. And time and again, we went down a rabbit hole to the far-right. But in Italy, for example, we also found a lot of populist, but they're not far-right parties. So it was not only far-right, but mainly far-right - what we found in our research.

And you said you went down the rabbit hole of who was creating this. Just speak a little bit more about that. Was this official groups, random individuals - or can you even tell?

turn 2 : Far-right parties were the main spreaders of disinformation.

How did disinformation tend to skew in the research conducted by "A"?

Answer: Far-right


What are the problems in getting aid to arrive?

You know, and it's interesting to note - it's been, like, a week for a lot of these people because on Monday people started going into these shelters as it moved there. So, you know, for the people that are there, it's feeling really like it's been a long time.

There are still a lot of roads that are blocked going into some of these areas. These are remote areas. Some of them only had one road to begin with. Trees are down. Power lines have fallen across, so those are blocked. You know, they need to get the bulldozers in there in terms of clearing those roads so that access can actually get in there. So that is actually the biggest hold up in reaching what were really the hardest hit parts of Haiti.

And there must be concern about the spread of Zika, malaria, cholera and other diseases.

turn 3 :  Implied meaning: There is a fear of the spread of Zika, malaria, cholera, and other diseases due to the lack of access to aid.

Answer: Zika,Malaria,Cholera


His anatomy turns out to be such that when he tastes something, he experiences it as much more intense than someone who has a lower density of taste buds on his tongue and. . .

Well, let me go through - let me ask you - well, let me just remind everybody that this is SCIENCE FRIDAY, from NPR. And I'm talking with Barbara Stuckey, author of "Taste What You're Missing. "Are you saying that we each have different numbers of taste buds on our tongues?Not - we all don't have the same number of taste buds?

We all live in our own private sensory world. So yes, the answer is we all have a different anatomy picture that really influences how we experience. . .

Wow.

turn 0 : A: His anatomy turns out to be such that when he tastes something, he experiences it as much more intense than someone who has a lower density of taste buds on his tongue...

What is the reason for his intense experience of taste?

Answer: Anatomy


He does seem more comfortable making deals with his fellow New Yorker Chuck Schumer than he does Mitch McConnell and Paul Ryan. But Republicans in Congress almost shrugged this off this week. Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell said, in his own dry way, we look forward to seeing the president's own legislative proposal. But this also does seem to be the first time in this tentative deal on the DREAMers that Donald Trump did something that could possibly alienate his base.

Well, that's a good point. I mean, what about his base?We have seen some reaction to this. What has it been?

This is splitting his base. Polls show that most Americans are sympathetic to the DREAMers. Majorities favor letting them stay, even large numbers of Republicans, but not the president's hardcore base. And we saw this week on Twitter some Trump supporters burning their Make America Great Again hats. We saw the headlines in Breitbart, the "alt-right" website run by his former political adviser, Steve Bannon. The headline said "Amnesty Don. "We're now going to find out how much of his base is what I call the Fifth Avenue voters, people who will stick with him no matter what. You know, he famously said, I could stand on Fifth Avenue and shoot someone and not lose any voters.

Right.

turn 2 : The president's hardcore base does not support letting DREAMers stay

How do most Republicans feel about letting DREAMers stay?

Answer: Unknown


And how do you do that?

Well, on the behavioral side, that means helping them go from being in this setting to open air and open - eventually open water. We would take them through a very careful process of getting used to the transport units, getting used to being on a crane and in a truck and then in a tank on the dock. Eventually, they might even take drives around Baltimore to get used to the idea that they're going to be mobile since they've have not done that before.

The other aspect is the physiological adaptation, and that's a very complex and laborious process. Every - all living organisms have a microbiome associated with them. That's all the microorganisms that live around us and on us - bacteria, fungus, spores, larvae, et cetera. Dolphins do too and, in fact, in seawater, it's quite present. And the water that they live in now, which is man-made saltwater, it's fairly sterile. And of course, the ocean is not sterile.

So we will go through a long process, once we've selected a site, that will begin to integrate that water into the water they live in here so that eventually, when they leave here, they will be in water that almost completely matches the water that they'll be moving to.

I gather, Mr.  Racanelli, you've known dolphins, worked with them in a sense, since you were a teenager.

turn 3 : The process of helping dolphins adjust to open water involves gradually introducing them to the same type of water they will encounter in the ocean, so that when they are released, they will be able to survive in the new environment.

Which aspect of adaptation involves the microorganisms that live around and on all living organisms?

Answer: Microorganisms


And I saw that with just kids I knew at public school that were gifted. A lot of them struggled as they got older because they've been told they were smart. And so when they failed, they felt let down, they felt confused, and they blamed themselves.

So I think you see that on a much grander level with a child star where they get this level of fame and success and they think that that's going to last forever because they get used to it. And as they get older it's taken away from them, and they're not sure who to blame. And they don't know how to do anything for themselves.

And almost inevitably taken away from them by a disease called adolescence.

Yes, exactly. I mean I think that child stars are - they're used, in a way, to - their cuteness is used. And a lot of child actors - I mean people often ask me, they say why were you in so many kids' movies. And one was that my mother and father believed that there weren't enough good kids' movies out there. Now, I wasn't always in the best kids' movies, but they thought that that was important. And another thing is that there can really only be so many "To Kill A Mockingbirds" out there.

turn 0 : The kids were smarter than the other kids in their class.

How did the gifted kids feel when they failed?

Answer: Letdown


Well, we obviously have our seismologists and the geologists which look at the pattern and the history. And ultimately, we start with looking at all the faults that are in the Bay Area, the proximity. In the Bay Area, we have two very large faults, frankly. One of them is the San Andreas Fault, which produced the 1906 earthquake, which runs a few miles away from the Golden Gate and runs up and down the coast of California, goes all the way down to Southern California. The other one is the Hayward Fault, which is in the Berkeley Hills, and is also a major earthquake.

So those quakes, we basically look at their seismic hazard, if you will, and from that generates the possible or potential seismic hazard. And then we get intensities that, based on the soils that we have, based on the history of ground motions that we recorded, we come up with those intensities at very different frequencies I was talking about earlier.

(Unintelligible)

And then from that, we generate a spectrum that ultimately gets used to generate multiple, different simulated ground motions. That we take our structure and in a computer model, we run that structure and we subject this with those displacements. And the computer model is intended to do the equilibrium, statically, at every instant in time, microsecond. And the target would be that we know what the forces are in our structure and what the displacements are in our structure.

turn 2 :  (3) is not a meaningful statement, so its actual meaning is different from its literal meaning.

Which statement in the dialogue has a figurative meaning?

Answer: none


Oh, God.

We figured there was a problem.

Long time ago. Listen, if functioning addicts are operating below the radar, I assume that they generally don't want people to know about their addiction. How much of a problem is it for them to maintain their anonymity?

It's frightening. I think that, you know, when you live in quiet desperation and there's always the person that's hiding their alcohol or around the corner drinking what they do, others, with their medications or their pills. They don't want other folks to find out. I mean, it's a quiet illness until finally people do notice. But there's fear around it. I mean, fear of being caught of fear of being tested or ultimately, when the body gives out, secondary complications where physicians will say what are you using, what are you doing for your organs to be giving out like this. So there's ultimately not only denial that's going on, but obviously, a lot of pain that goes with it.

turn 1 : A and the others are aware of the problem.

What is the problem that PersonA and the others are aware of?

Answer: Addiction


You know, it's interesting that you should say that because leasing was one of the ways you could get into a car without having to have a huge down payment. So now, if leasing is going to cost more, buying a car already costs more with regard to the down payment, it's going to be really tough for some people, isn't it?

It will be, and you know what it's going to put pressure on is the used-car market, because if you can't get a new one, you go get a used one. But if they have more demand for used ones, that's going to push up, too. So the entire - the love affair that America had with the automobile. . .

Coming to an end?

It may be a love affair that we have to look at again, you know, somebody cheated on somebody, I don't know who.

turn 1 : The increase in leasing and new car prices will lead to a rise in demand for used cars, which will increase their prices as well.

How will the rise in demand for used cars affect their prices?

Answer: Increase