What issues do you think he's emphasizing that have helped?

Well, there's no question that I think the number-one issue is economic inequality, the growing gap between rich - and I'm not going to say poor - but the rich and everyone else. It is not a progressive agenda or a conservative agenda to say, we are dealing in this country now with a kind of inequality that threatens the foundations of our society, and that resonates across the political spectrum.

You know, you can't get through a political conversation these days without mentioning Mr.  Trump. And I bring his name up to you because, on Friday, he took out after hedge funds. He's actually been doing that recently. I have a quote. "The hedge fund guys - they make a fortune; they pay no tax. The hedge fund guys are getting away with murder. "He sounds a lot more like Bernie Sanders than he does the other Republicans.

Well, you know, Scott, I think that Bernie Sanders is having an effect also on the Republican Party. It's not lost on any of these candidates, you know, not Hillary Clinton and not Donald Trump.

Speaking as a citizen and from your experience and base of influence, do you think Hillary Clinton's use of a private email server while secretary of state - now under inquiry by the Justice Department and the FBI - is a legitimate campaign issue?

turn 2 : "He sounds a lot more like Bernie Sanders than he does the other Republicans" - This turn uses the phrase "he sounds like Bernie Sanders" to mean that Trump's comments on hedge funds align with Sanders' views, which is different from its literal meaning of "the sound of Trump's voice resembles that of Bernie Sanders."

How did Trump's recent comments on hedge funds align with Bernie Sanders' views according to B?

Answer: Align


So, I don't how it would go anyway.

You sounded fine to me. But let me ask you, because - in part because Allison is still here with me, and we always talk about this on Friday, these kinds of things. Do you know what you're going to wear?

I do, I do. I'm nominated in the Urban/Alternative Performance category, and I decided to just go with that. So, I've picked a young designer who is a good friend of mine. Her name is Carmen Webber of Sistahs Harlem, and she was on "Project Runway," actually, and we've been friends for years. She has made me a fantastic jumpsuit for the Grammys. That's all I'm going to say.

OK, OK.

turn 1 : B is not really interested in what A is wearing and is just making small talk.

Answer: B


And eventually the crowd around him - the crowd of press, kind of got a little bigger. And he sort of looked around and said, maybe this is not something I should be laughing about because, you know, we are in a different age.

Mark, I've got to tell you - this is why I watch the Super Bowl, but I can't watch football during the regular season. It is hard for me to look at those talented athletes and think half of them, if not more, are going to wind up being permanently damaged by what I'm watching them do on the field.

I will tell you, Scott, that the National Football League is very worried about the likes of you and people like you, of which there are many, who are taking a more closer moral look at what they're watching. I mean, football, for many years, has been the great spectacle of American life. Every year, it's, like, 70 or 75 of the most watched television shows in America are almost always football games. We love football.

Having said that, there are a lot more people, and it happens every year. And you have research that comes out every week, it seems, and testimonials from retired players and researched brains from dead players that tell us a little bit more. And as we get smarter, I think the league, you know, has to try to keep up with some kind of rule changes and equipment changes.

turn 1 : The speaker feels guilty about watching football because of the permanent damage it causes to players' health

How does the speaker feel about football?

Answer: Love


So, you're skeptical about a car czar. You think that there should be loans, though, with strict provisions attached to them.

Right, right.

What else?What else needs to be done?I mean, this is a massive, massive problem, and two of the three are facing extinction at this point.

Don't forget, what's putting them in this condition is the economic, you know, the economic condition of the nation right now. But the kind of fixed-cost structure that these auto companies have is massive, massive losses that have to do with what's happening to demand.

turn 2 : None of the turns in this conversation have a figurative or non-literal meaning.

How can the meaning of turn 2 be described?

Answer: Literal


It's very vegetal.
Vegetal.
Yeah.
That's a word?

turn 0 : The actual meaning implied here could be that whatever "it" refers to has a strong presence or quality of plant-like characteristics. It might not necessarily mean that "it" is literally made of plants or vegetables.

Which word describes the strong presence or quality of plant-like characteristics in the conversation?

Answer: Vegetal


So he infected more than his share, and then there was the other fellow at the hotel who infected more than his share.

It really - your book really made me feel a huge debt of gratitude to people who work in the health care industry because it can be really heroic work, and it seems like they put their life on the line in some cases.

Oh absolutely yeah. Some of the people I spent time with, I document, I describe, I tell stories of their field work. I went with some of them to places like a rooftop in Bangladesh in the middle of the night, the roof of a warehouse where a wonderful scientist named Jon Epstein who works for EcoHealth Alliance, was trapping, again, giant fruit bats to look for a disease, a virus called Nipah.

Now this is not the same NEPA that your previous guest referred to, not the National Environmental Policy Act. This is N-I-P-A-H, named after a village in peninsular Malaysia where this virus was first identified. So Jon Epstein is on the roof of a warehouse in Bangladesh in the middle of the night wearing goggles and welder's gloves and a respirator mask, handling these giant fruit bats that he's catching in a mist net, taking them into a provisional lab, drawing blood samples from them, knowing that the virus is probably there somewhere and that it's a very lethal virus.

turn 3 : The virus Nipah is lethal and can be transmitted from fruit bats to humans.

Which virus was Jon Epstein looking for on the rooftop in Bangladesh?

Answer: Nipah


So I want to try making now the Syrian version of ful.

OK.

OK, I'm going to grab the red beans.

Helou got this recipe from Haj Abdo (ph), a vendor in Aleppo. All he made was ful and always had a crowd. That's how she first noticed the old man. This was years before a war broke out in Syria. She says his shop and the whole neighborhood is gone now. But back then, locals absolutely raved about his cafe. And while his ful is typically Syrian, it uses the sesame paste called tahini. Abdo had a special technique.

turn 3 : The old man's technique was unique and contributed to the popularity of his cafe.

What was the name of the vendor in Aleppo?

Answer: Haj-Abdo


Will you try and legislate in spite of the president instead of with him?I mean, it seems that he is distracting from what the Republican Congress is trying to do.

Oh, absolutely. I think we'll move forward without that. I think that the president can certainly - I mean, it would be helpful, obviously, if the president makes that pivot - and I certainly hope that he does - where he's certainly more deliberate, more thoughtful in his approach - certainly gets off this Twitter stuff (laughter) - where, you know, I think that, as commander in chief - and I've said this before - that the men and women who serve this country in uniform want to see a president focused on the fact that we're a nation at war and not in a Twitter war with Rosie O'Donnell.

And so I think - I hope that this president can self-correct - this presidency can stabilize. But the Congress needs to move forward with policies that matter to the American people. And the president is doing something important right now in having visited Saudi Arabia - and to strengthen our alliance with Saudi Arabia, to counter that Iranian - Syrian, certainly under Assad, and Russia axis of power that is strengthening.

You know, you're talking about Twitter, but there were reports last week that the president disclosed sensitive intelligence information from Israel to Russian diplomats in an Oval Office meeting. You're a veteran. Do you have any concerns about the president's national security judgment, just briefly?

turn 1 : "get off this Twitter stuff" - figurative meaning, implies that the president should stop using social media as a means of communication and focus on more important issues.

Which social media platform does the statement suggest the president should stop using?

Answer: Twitter


Were you surprised by these numbers?

Yeah, these numbers are pretty high, and it is surprising, and I think that on one hand they're sort of real because we've seen this change over the last two decades as the rates have slowly gone up, and on the other hand they're inflated a little bit, probably because of the way they were obtained.

These are - the CDC did a study, which is like polling data. They - it's called the National Representative randomized Cross-sectional Survey. And it's - this particular trial supposedly was done with land line and cell phone telephone surveys of all households who have children.

There was a similar study just published a couple weeks ago that was on autism, which showed the rate of autism was two percent of the population, which is also very high and was discussed just in the same way. But these are epidemiological survey data, and they're worth something. We have other data to show that the numbers are indeed going up.

What type of data are the numbers based on?

Answer: Epidemiological


The numbers you've tossed around show you how expensive. People have been able to do experiments. They've found all kinds of really interesting possibly valuable properties, but nothing, no industry is really going to start until they can make enough of this stuff cheaply to use it.

Until now, most of the ways of making it started with this first step: Get some really pure, really expensive chemicals that you're going to mix in and do the next stuff. Huge expense. What Jim Tour down in Houston discovered and showed is that anything that's got carbon in it you can turn into graphene.

And to demonstrate that he meant anything, he did it with Girl Scout cookies. He turned those into graphene. He did it with chocolate. He got some chocolate half-dollar coins. He did it with dog feces from a miniature Dachshund, and he did it with a cockroach leg. And essentially he just got a really big oven, heated it up to about 1,000 degrees C and filled that oven with a little bit of this stuff, the cockroach or the dog feces, whatever, and a sheet of pure copper and a little bit of gas, left it for about 20 minutes, and viola, he'd made little bits of really high-quality graphene.

Wow.

turn 0 : Numbers tossed around implies that they did some calculations for the cost

Which step did most of the ways of making it start with?

Answer: First


(Laughter).

I was going to go as Robert Siegel, so that'll be perfect.

Esquire magazine's editor at large A. J. Jacobs. Happy Halloween, A. J.

Thank you. Happy Halloween, Scott.

turn 2 :  Esquire magazine's editor at large A.J. Jacobs. Happy Halloween, A.J. The literal meaning of this turn is that B is greeting A.J. Jacobs, who is the editor at large of Esquire magazine. However, the implied meaning could be that B is dressed up as A.J. Jacobs for Halloween, suggesting that they are celebrating Halloween in a creative way.

What magazine does A.J. Jacobs work for?

Answer: Esquire


But so yeah, so toilet seats and pillowcases are very, very similar. We tend to find more species associated with our mouths on pillowcases and more species associated with feces, with gut microbes, on toilet seats. But in any given house we might or might not be able to distinguish those two. And in general, you know, these places that we sit, that we lay down, they sort of fill with species that fall off of us, you know, biased in one way or another toward a specific part of our body.

But it's kind of this mark we leave on the world everywhere we go, and presumably it's the same on planes, it's the same in our cars.

It sounds like our dogs leave a mark, too.

Yeah, so one of the really interesting things for us was to try to figure out what explains why your house is different from my house, why any house is different from any other house. And there are lots of things that you can imagine might be important, you know, the size of your house, your air conditioner, the number of people in your house, whether you're a vegetarian.

turn 1 : Our bodies leave a mark on everything we touch.

Which objects are filled with species that fall off of us?

Answer: Places


Yeah. And that took a lot out of my legs. I was pretty fatigued by the end of the game, and I'm feeling it today.

And do - I bet you are a little tired.

But at - towards the end of the game, where you aware of the record?And where you aware you'd broken it?

I wasn't aware, actually. I think I was just so tired and so focused on scoring the basketball. There's a stretch late in the second half where I think I hit seven or eight consecutive threes, and I knew something special was going on after that.

turn 3 : If late in the second half he could hit seven or eight consecutive threes and he knew something special was going on after that, then he was definitely aware of the record

What did PersonA focus on while playing late in the second half?

Answer: Scoring


They have an obligation to do what I have done my whole life. I came from a family that had nothing. I worked hard all my life. In fact, the way I made my living was representing the kind of people that I grew up with, people who didn't have much of anything, and fighting against very entrenched, powerful corporate interests. And we were able to win and be successful. I did well by doing good. And what we have a responsibility to do is to make sure we don't pull the ladder out from behind us.

That everybody gets - in fact, it's the core reason that I am running for president is to make sure that everybody in this country gets the kind of chances and opportunities that I've had in my life. That's what drives me every single day.

A lot of your supporters mention that you really have a commitment to ending poverty, but could there ever be an America with absolutely no poverty?What would that country even look like?

It would be a country where everybody has real economic opportunity. I mean, is there always going to be a circumstance where somebody could fall into poverty?Of course. I mean, because that's the real world. But if we do the things we need to do, we wouldn't have the kind of systematic, endemic poverty we have in America. I mean, we have 37 million people, which is roughly the population of California, who live in poverty every day in this country. It's not a small number.

turn 0 : In (1), the speaker talks about their life experiences, representing people who didn't have much and fighting against powerful corporate interests. The speaker believes that everyone should have the same opportunities and not have the ladder pulled out from behind them. The implied meaning is that hard work and fighting for justice can lead to success, and that it's important to ensure that everyone has equal opportunities.

What is the core reason that the speaker is running for president?

Answer: Opportunities


And, of course, we have bioenergy here, too, and the debates about things like corn ethanol. That's another big contentious issue here in the Midwest. And one where, again, middle grounds might have to be found between groups that are in very different poles on that issue.

And what do you think is the most promising - again, the symbolic areas, those are always going to be difficult. But are there other conversations that could be had that, as you say, skirt the ideology?

Well, it's very interesting. Regardless of, you know, how you think of him politically, the Obama administration has actually done more, may be by accident - or may be on purpose - to think about, to take on climate change than all previous administrations, really, combined. Our CO2 emissions in the United States have gone down pretty dramatically in the last few years, partly because of the recession, of course, but partly because people are retooling and getting more efficient.

The American car fleet is getting lot more efficient. We finally got those CAFE standards going up again, which is fantastic, after about 30 years of going nowhere. And maybe that's a benefit of bailing out Detroit. We could work with them to make cars more efficient, the cars Americans want to buy. We've also - the fracking, moving away from coals, where it's natural gas, has helped a lot, although we have to watch the other aspects of fracking. And also, renewables are beginning to make a bigger and bigger dent in the American electricity supply and other energy supplies.

turn 3 : Efforts are being made to increase the efficiency of American cars and shift towards renewable energy sources

Which aspect of American energy has seen a significant shift?

Answer: Renewable


From NPR News, this is NEWS AND NOTES. I'm Tony Cox. We begin today with some important economic news. Last week for the very first time oil jumped past the $100 a barrel mark. Since then prices have dropped but only slightly. And now there's more news of instability in the Middle East with the Turkish incursion into northern Iraq. With Middle Eastern tensions controlling what we pay at the pump, the chance that the cost of oil will continue to rise seems all but inevitable.

But how will rising oil prices affect you, and what can we do about it?Meanwhile, the current economic strain is hitting some people pretty hard. Folks are tapping into those 401(k) nest eggs to pay bills and buy gas and groceries. But is that any way to manage your retirement fund?With me now to talk about oil prices and your 401(k), we've got Author and Economist Julianne Malveaux. She is president of Bennett College. Julianne, nice to talk to you as always.

Always a pleasure, Tony.

Let's begin with this. Folks were waiting for oil to hit that $100 a barrel mark. It came and it went. My question is going to be how you thought folks felt the strain, because I did notice, Julianne, that my gas went up again in the last couple of weeks. Is that why?

turn 2 : Julianne is expressing appreciation for Tony's invitation to the conversation.

Which character in the dialogue acknowledges Tony's invitation to the conversation?

Answer: Julianne


O'Rourke. Yeah, let's talk about Beto.

Yeah, Beto O'Rourke. He made a hell yes promise to buy back assault weapons and to push for mandatory buyback of assault weapons. What do you make of this?

That was a dramatic highlight of the debate and grabbed a lot of people, got a lot of mentions. But such moments do not make legislation. Congressional Democrats don't have a clear majority for an assault weapons ban, let alone gun takeaways. They're still hoping for universal background checks or - on people buying guns. But to pass the Republican Senate and actually get enacted, even that much would need the backing of the president and the approval of the federal courts. We are still a long way from meaningful gun measures, despite the carnage we saw from guns in August and so many other recent months and years.

And let's stay in the realm of Congress for this last question, Ron. As of today, where do you assess where Democrats stand on the question of impeachment at the moment?

turn 1 : He made a promise that was stressed by him and gave people the impression he would do it regardless of what happens.

Which promise was stressed by Beto O'Rourke?

Answer: Promise


Why?

Because it's like they don't have an agenda. They are just naturally funny.

I see a little boy break a grown man down so bad, one time, in the mall. We was in the sunglass department. The man tried on the sunglasses, he put the glasses on, he looked down at the little boy, he said, how these look?Little boy looked at him, he said, "They look good, now all you got to do is get your teeth fixed. "

Kids don't have an agenda. They just say what they see and then old people they just tell the truth. So - so, you know. I live in South Florida. And where I live is a predominantly retirement community. And one day, you know, how the new - the new fashion thing is your bra strap shows. You know, you could wear like a tube top and you have a fashion bra-bra, fashionable bra one. So I'm standing in line at the post office and this old lady taps me on the shoulder, she goes, sweetheart, your bra is showing.

And I look at her like, but it's pink. So I love that. I love people that are like generally funny and just on it.

turn 2 : The little boy insulted the man's teeth and the old lady pointed out the bra strap

Answer: Teeth


For many people in Hollywood, Weinstein's behavior did not come as a surprise. Rumors had circulated for years, and that gossip network helped warn some women away from him. Anne Helen Petersen is Buzzfeed's culture writer. She argues that gossip has a vital purpose, especially in Hollywood.

You know, I don't think that all gossip is progressive or feminist. You know, gossip is a major way of policing women's behavior. But at the same time, gossip about which men are dangerous, which men you shouldn't go on to lunch alone with - that sort of information is currency that women use to protect one another.

And in this last week, a document surfaced that was essentially a burn book for men in - who work in the media. The contributors are women who work in the industry, and the accusations are anonymous. They're unsubstantiated. The complaints range from rape to being unsupportive of female colleagues. It's a real range, and it puts illegal behavior, in a way, on the same level as dislikable and unfair behavior. So when does gossip become destructive and more about maligning people than really identifying serious abusers?

This is the - you know, with the thing about gossip networks, sometimes called whisper networks, is that the reason that they work is because you know the woman who is saying the thing to you. So I can - when someone says to me, this is what type of guy this is, I can decide what to do with that information based on that woman.

turn 1 :  "gossip is a major way of policing women's behavior" - The actual meaning is not that gossip is used to regulate women's behavior, but rather that it is often used as a tool for spreading information about potentially dangerous men, helping women protect themselves.

Which behavior does gossip help women protect themselves from?

Answer: Dangerous


No, no. It definitely can't. And the argument that you sort use is it's just growing too fast, and we're seeing it as it was six billion years ago almost. So if they grew that fast for six billion years, it would be just far too big.

Oh.

So it probably only lasts for a measly 100 million years or so.

Where do you go from here with this work?

turn 0 : (1) "it's just growing too fast" - This phrase is not referring to the physical speed of growth but rather the rate of growth over time.

Answer: grew


You know, the liveliest speculation game in Washington right now is playing Rexit (ph), guessing the day that Rex Tillerson exits the Cabinet. He was first suggested to Bush - suggested by Bush officials. He was not a Trump crony. And the Bush officials had little use for Trump. And Tillerson was accepted by Trump despite the fact that he had little use for former Bush officials. So this was not a marriage made in heaven. And at the moment, it promises to be a mercifully brief marriage.

Bob Corker of Tennessee Senate, head of the Senate foreign relations committee, said, quote, "I think Secretary Tillerson, Secretary Mattis and chief of staff Kelly are those people that help separate our country from chaos. "That is not a ringing endorsement of executive leadership, is it?

No. And the question is, from whence cometh this chaos?Is it something that the president can't protect us from?Or is the chaos, in a sense, the responsibility of this palace guard because it's coming from inside the palace itself?

And president had dinner with military families, called in photographers and said, maybe it's the calm before the storm. And when he was asked why, he said, you'll find out. What do you make of this?

turn 3 : The literal meaning of (4) is that President Trump had dinner with military families, called in photographers and said that it may be "the calm before the storm". When asked why he said "you'll find out". The actual meaning of (4) is that President Trump is creating a sense of mystery and suspense, which implies that there may be something major yet to come.

What is the implication of President Trump's statement during the dinner with military families?

Answer: Major


Oh, well, there are a lot of asteroids near Jupiter. You know, Jupiter orbits pretty close to the asteroid belt, for one thing. So that's a part of the solar system that's very cluttered with space rocks. And Jupiter ends up being a target for a lot of them because - mainly because it's such a big planet. It has so much gravity. It actually pulls some of these space rocks toward it.

What makes you not believe it was - might have been a comet?

Oh, well, it might have been a comet. The only way to tell the difference between an asteroid and a comet impact is to look at what kind of debris it leaves behind in Jupiter's atmosphere. Now - but the problem is, in this case, astronomers have been watching the impact site - the place where the flash of light occurred - all week long, and they've been looking through debris, but there is none. Now, if you could look at the debris and see what it's made of, you could say, oh, yes. That's material that's characteristic of an asteroid, or in the case of a comet, you know, comets tend to be very watery. And the debris cloud has chemical byproducts of water in it if a comet has hit. . .

Yeah.

turn 0 : Jupiter being a big planet with lots of gravity attracts space rocks.

What is the reason for space rocks being attracted to Jupiter?

Answer: Gravity


Well, I've said for a long time that I think the president needs an assistant to the president for Twitter control. And once again, we have an example of why you would want that. In this case though, I have to say, when I first read the tweet, you know, you're just shocked. I was shocked at the the mayor's speech last night begging for help and saying that people were dying. That was heartbreaking to hear. But this feels to me like it fits in a theme that he has had for a while starting with his inaugural, which is to side on the side of the forgotten people. In this case, he names the military, the first responders and the aid workers.

Yeah. But nobody feels more forgotten than the people of Puerto Rico.

And - yeah. I was gonna say, and the people of Puerto Rico - versus what he sees as the elite, which would be the mayor and questioning the mayor's poor leadership ability - can't get workers to help, was told to be nasty to Donald Trump is in the tweet also. And this fits with his M. O. of going against the elites. And this fits with the rest of the news this week as well. I'm not surprised.

Is the Trump administration failing Puerto Rico now?

turn 0 : The president is trying to prioritize the needs of those who have been forgotten by society.

Answer: Needs


It occurred on August 1st, in the late hours of the morning. One Serbian fell, and another (unintelligible) porter fell as well trying to rescue him, and that was the beginning of the fatalities. However, the serac fall, which stranded most of the climbers, didn't occur until quite late in the evening on August 1st.

A serac is a big column of ice, a big sheet of ice. And it fell off the mountain, and that complicated things for a lot of people. What were conditions like?

The weather was completely calm, very cold and clear, which is normal. No wind and as the day began to - as the sun began to rise, the weather was actually better than we could have hoped for. But, of course, things changed. The wind began to pick up the next day as people were stranded, and that complicated the rescue effort.

You were attempting to summit on that day, weren't you?

turn 2 : "and that complicated the rescue effort." - The implied meaning here is that the wind made the rescue effort more difficult, rather than just causing complications.

What made the rescue effort more difficult?

Answer: Wind


What's your greatest regret?

Well, the greatest regret is that we lost the referendum - that I didn't prevail, that we could have fought, perhaps, a better campaign. We could have conducted, perhaps, a better negotiation. Perhaps the timing wasn't right - and that I didn't take the country with me on what I thought was a really important issue. And I resigned because I felt - I didn't fight the referendum as a sort of chairman - on the one hand, on the other hand, you decide. I was wholly on one side of the argument. And so I felt it was right to resign, having lost, because the country needed a new prime minister, a prime minister with a credibility to take us forward and deliver the outcome of the referendum.

But, of course, you know, I will to my dying day wonder whether there was something more we could have done to have secured what I thought was the right outcome, which was to keep Britain in, but to recognize we were, in many ways, the odd one out.

OK.

turn 2 : They will wonder about this at various times for the rest of their life.

Which verb describes how the person feels about the outcome of the referendum?

Answer: regret


Before there was "Gangnam Style," the dress or the ice bucket challenge, there were other stories that raced around the country. In the 19th century, newspapers throughout the U. S.  were kind of early aggregators. They just helped themselves to each other's stories, so if something juicy turned up in Boston, it would soon find its way into print in Chicago or Kansas City. That's the finding of researchers at Northeastern University. They used computers to search through those old publications for stories that went - sorry, can't avoid saying it - viral. Ryan Cordell is one of those researchers. He joins from the studios of WBUR in Boston. Thanks for being with us.

I'm glad to be here.

What is the 19th century equivalent of a cat perching on the toilet?

Well, we found quite a few of them; a lot of household hints and stories. One of my favorites is a story that purports to be a young man in church who is wooing a young lady by circling passages in the Bible and handing them to her and that they're married a year later as the story says at the end.

turn 2 :  "cat perching on the toilet" - refers to a popular internet meme, but in this context, it's asking for an equivalent popular phenomenon in the 19th century, so the literal meaning of a cat perching on a toilet is not intended.

Which popular internet meme is referred to as the 19th century equivalent of a cat perching on the toilet?

Answer: Fear


Yeah.

That's unbelievable and 27 of them three-pointers.

Yeah.

That's fantastic. As you looked around, though, people might say, don't your teammates get a little jealous?Might they want to take a shot every once in a while?

turn 3 : Take a shot means have a try in this context, not actually shoot someone

What does "take a shot" mean in this context?

Answer: Mean


But well. . .

If you go through the list of Obama people, the top four, five, six people had not just worked in presidential campaigns before, but they worked in that critical area which gets very little attention, but is absolutely essential, and that's called field operations. It means going into states, setting up shop, organizing, getting people door knocking, getting people calling and getting delegate victories.

These people knew how to win campaigns on a local level. Importantly, very significant figures had a lot of experience in Iowa. He set his sights on winning Iowa very early.

What I found fascinating in doing this reporting is that both campaigns had the same Plan A. The Plan A was, win the first four states, attain a political victory, and not be out of personnel.

turn 0 : "But well..." - This is an expression that doesn't have a literal meaning. It is an interjection that is often used to indicate hesitation, a change of subject, or a transition in conversation.

Which interjection is often used to indicate hesitation, a change of subject, or a transition in conversation?

Answer: Interject


So to set the stage for this, the Democrat at the head of the House Intelligence Committee says that Joseph Maguire - now, he's the acting director of national intelligence - says that he's been instructed by a higher authority to not turn over the complaint. In your view, is that valid?

Well, under the statute, it is not. But the question then becomes, what is the proper role of the IG?And is the IG simply a free agent within the executive branch of the government, responsible to no one?- which would be a strange situation.

So what I'm telling you, Audie, is that this issue, if pushed to the limit - which it looks like it's going to be - raises the question of whether the - there's a separation of powers issue here. The IG has to be something other than a free agent. He was put in place under a statute designed to assist the Congress in its oversight role, but he's not a congressional employee. He's not a congressional - he's not a legislative employee.

But he is a watchdog, no?And should that. . .

He's a watchdog.

turn 3 : They are asking if the person watches over other's actions and controls them.

Which term describes the person being discussed in turn 3?

Answer: Watchdog


Well, I think the principal thing is to mention the new courtroom, which I visited for the first time yesterday. The audience sits in a glassed-in room 80 feet from where the judge and the screen is for displayed evidence. And the glassed-in room is completely isolated and there's an audio delay. I've never seen anything quite like this except for the Navy Seals' trials around the death of a detainee in Iraq. But there's a lot of secrecy involved in this, and it's not quite as public a war-crime trial as you might expect.

Closing arguments scheduled for Monday. We'll hear more from you next week. NPR's John McChesney in Guantanamo, Cuba. Thanks, John.

You bet.

Marketplace just ahead on Day to Day.

turn 3 : The literal meaning of B's statement is that the radio program "Marketplace" will be airing soon. The implied meaning could be that B is transitioning to a different topic or segment of the radio program, or that the program has come to an end.

Which program is PersonB referring to in their statement?

Answer: Marketplace


What would be a - and forgive the pun - what would be the holy grail for an Indiana Jones like you?What would be the ultimate?

Well, that would be to go right back to the beginning, you know, to do like a dino brew, you know, sort of a Garden of Eden type of beverage, I guess. And unfortunately in the Paleolithic period, the containers get destroyed. They were probably made out of leather, wood or whatever. So we don't have remnants of any containers from the Paleolithic period.

And that's important because once you have a container like pottery, made of pottery, the liquids get absorbed into that, and it helps to retain the ancient organic materials until the biomolecular archeologists like us comes along thousands of years later.

Do you have any bets of where the cradle of civilization for wine and beer originates?

turn 0 : Holy Grail and Indiana Jones are not literal. The reference implies that A is searching for something incredibly important.

Which term describes what PersonA is searching for?

Answer: Ultimate


Do you feel confident that a vaccine could essentially contain the outbreak?

We are confident that the vaccination is a good complementary measure. So by the time we started the vaccination, we already had a number of cholera cases. What we are trying to prevent is an outbreak of huge proportions that would essentially make our entire health system collapse completely.

Dr.  Ilesh Jani is director general of Mozambique's National Institute of Health. Thank you for speaking with us.

Thank you for having me.

turn 3 : having me implies hosting someone or engaging with someone and not referring to owning someone

Answer: Engaging


Oh, the case is certainly not closed. Don't forget. You have the inspector general that will be issuing the report very soon on the whole origin of this claim backed up by the Steele dossier that the president was colluding with the Russians. We now know the Steele dossier was a complete fabrication.

We should note Mueller declined to take questions on that today, so we didn't get any light shed on that today. Go on.

Correct. And right behind that, we have the U. S.  attorney's office investigating misconduct in both the intelligence and justice agencies. And we expected that to come out. And it has to because this is the use of the most powerful agencies in the federal government. And if, as is now becoming apparent, they were being used not by the Russian government but by the American government first to influence the 2016 election - and having failed that, to then undermine the duly elected president - that is a major development in American history. And we have to get on top of it.

Republican Congressman Tom McClintock of California - Congressman, thanks so much.

My pleasure. Thanks for having me.

turn 0 : case closed meaning sufficiently looked into and dismissed

Which event did Mueller decline to answer questions about today?

Answer: Origin


And then I decided to come out. Now it's been going on several hours. I'm several streets away from the Champs-Elysees, Scott, but the people - it's like it's the second revolution coming because people are turning over - they're building barricades in the street. We're still - we've got helicopters overhead. They're still firing tear gas. And everyone around me is wearing a yellow vest.

Now, fuel prices have gone up - I have read, I think - 23 percent over the past year. And protesters blame the government for this.

Well, the government - the French pay some of the highest gas prices in the world, like, about more than $6 a gallon, Scott. And the government says it's going to raise the taxes again in January to finance the transition to an ecological economy - you know, more environmentally friendly fuels.

And, you know, for people who have to drive to work - blue-collar workers, just everyday people - this is outrageous. They say they can't make it anymore, so they've come out into the street. And, Scott, this movement has no leaders. There are no unions behind it. There are housewives. There are retirees - regular people. There are people who have never protested before. So it's turned into a movement. No one knows where it's going to go now.

turn 1 : The unemployment rate is expected to rise to 8 percent, which is a significant increase.

Which percentage has risen by 23 percent and is blamed by protesters?

Answer: 23


I don't even want to repeat them. They were so unfair. They were essentially stigmatizing him, someone that we consider very naturally for good reasons as to be highly, highly unacceptable such as anti-Semitism. And I think the arguments that were made by some of the people who attacked him were essentially based on that. That was really scandalous. And I'm pleased to see that the majority of the Jewish community, which is moderate and decent, doesn't identify itself with this.

Nevertheless, there are legitimate questions to be asked, and you raised several of them yourself, about, well, how they should think about the possibility of a strike on Iran. I have to say, in recent weeks, the alarm bells have quieted a bit. You quoted, though, some in the Israeli media as quoting a former national security council member of the Obama team, saying there could be an American strike on Iran by the middle of this year.

That's correct. There has been talk to that effect. And I suspect, and rather expect, that these issues will come up in the course of the discussion. But in any case, the people that he's choosing to serve him are people with the experience, with a strategic perspective. But ultimately, he, the president, will be the decision-maker.

So I don't think that one has to expect that everyone chosen by him has to agree in every respect with every single aspect of the past policies that we have had, that he wants people who can think independently and give an independent advice, which he will then accept or reject, as president - as commander in chief.

turn 0 : Arguments that were made by some of the people who attacked him - attacked does not mean physically attacked. It means hurt with words.

Which word describes how the person was stigmatized by some people?

Answer: Scandalous


Syria continues to suffer. Russia now mounts military strikes against the Islamic State that also help shore up the regime of Bashar al-Assad, whom they support and whom the U. S.  says must leave. President Obama says there's no meeting of the minds. Niall Ferguson, the historian, has been critical of what he considers the president's lack of policy. Professor Ferguson joins us from the studios at Harvard. Thanks so much for being with us.

My pleasure.

You write the great flaw you see in President Obama's Syria strategy has been, I'll quote, "his insistence that the only alternative to doing next to nothing was all out invasion. "What alternatives do you think he's missing?

Initially, it was a relatively straightforward proposition that the United States should give military assistance to the opposition, to Assad, the free Syrian army. And that was something the president resisted. And the last throw of the president's dice came this year when he was offered by the Russian president, Vladimir Putin, the option to cooperate against Islamic State. And the president essentially said no to that. I think it's fair to say that the president has divert (ph) - I put it this way - that he was playing solitaire while everybody else was playing chess. And unfortunately it's now much, much more difficult to intervene effectively than it was at the outset of the Syrian Civil War.

turn 3 : Niall Ferguson believes that President Obama has missed out on many opportunities to address the situation in Syria, such as providing military assistance to the opposition or cooperating with Russia.

How did Niall Ferguson criticize President Obama's Syria strategy?

Answer: Insistence


Well, this is really interesting. They say they've found evidence that the Sacklers were trying to conceal their wealth in order to avoid paying an appropriate settlement. This is something we've heard even from sources who support the deal on the table, the idea that the Sacklers have worked strategically over the years to drain money out of Purdue Pharma and position those assets all over the world to make them harder to seize. In a statement, Letitia James accused the Sacklers of lowballing victims to skirt a responsible settlement while trying to shield their financial misconduct.

The Sacklers say James and other attorneys general are on a fishing expedition with these suits. They've countersued to squash the investigation. And they also say they're making a good-faith effort now to settle all these lawsuits.

Brian, you cover opioid litigation for NPR. More than 218,000 Americans have died from prescription opioid overdoses. What do you see as the likelihood of communities and families actually getting money or some kind of compensation?

Yeah. I think it's unlikely that it will happen anytime soon, Scott. The legal fight is happening on a lot of fronts right now, so that's going to slow things down. Ohio - just let me give you one example. They've already received tens of millions of dollars in compensation from other drug companies that sold opioid medications and settlements. But because of a legal fight there, none of that money can be spent helping people. It's just sitting in a bank account. And as the money amounts grow here, up into the billions now, the legal fight over who gets all of this cash will likely grow, too.

turn 1 : They say the attorneys general is looking for information and they want to put a stop to it.

How do the Sacklers view the lawsuits filed by attorneys general?

Answer: Suits


You did it.

Yeah, but I didn't realize the difficulty of doing that because you're not supposed to play the trumpet like that. I need(ph) getting with these saxophone players. I wanted to play like them, so.

You know, 1964, you were like - you were hot, you were on fire. What was it like at that time to be Freddie Hubbard the star, the headliner?

You know, I was there, and I was in a competition - not - you know, a competition with Lee Morgan(ph) and Bill Holland(ph) and Donald Barry(ph), all these guys were there, and it was a test. I mean, every time you played, you were being watched and people compared you with - look at little Lee Morgan. So that competition kind of kept me going, you know. I mean, they made me strive to play better than I would normally.

turn 2 : The person was not on fire but he was playing very well and getting a lot of fame and jobs because of this.

Answer: Crowding


A friend offered this thesis, and I wanted to test it on you. One never before factor in the financial meltdown, is the information revolution. We all know so much, so quickly online, that the surge of bad news begets more bad news, because we don't ever have time to digest it. What do you think of that?

I'm sure that's true. I'm sure that a lot of people who spent a lot of time online as I sometimes do, feels sort of inundated with bad news, and often see that they just want to step away from the computer monitor, lest it sort of reach out and bite them. I think it's probably also, though, possible to overstate the difference between this and earlier times.

Well, how is that?

If you think about the Great Depression, let's say for example like - as everyone is nowadays, during the Great Depression, you also had instantaneous forms of communication. You had the telephone and most notably, you have the telegraph, and I think most people have probably seen pictures or motion pictures with ticker tapes and giving sort of instantaneous stock reports.

turn 0 : The constant stream of bad news online contributed to the financial crisis.

How did the surge of bad news affect the financial crisis?

Answer: contribute


It was. So Apple's lawyers were incredibly practiced and very eloquent. They told a very compelling story for their case, and they told it in terms that were very easy for the jurors to understand. They had lots of well-done slides and pictures illustrating their points, and when they finished speaking, you were convinced that they were in the right.

Samsung, on the other hand, they were - they came across as being defensive a lot of the time and kind of brash sometimes. And their case was also a lot more complicated and involved much more technical terms, and so I think that might have been much harder for jurors to understand.

And so what - what exactly did the jury find?They sort of had a mixed bag of things.

Right, so they found patent infringement for a whole host of Apple's intellectual property in the case. They found 28 cases of infringement for some of the smartphones involved. They upheld Apple's patents on iPhone and iPad design, and now Apple is seeking injunction against eight of those 28 smartphones that were found to be violating Apple's intellectual property.

turn 1 : Samsung's lawyers were not as good as Apple's lawyers

What company's intellectual property was found to be infringed upon in the case?

Answer: Apple


Sam, in this book, you're telling the story of the Assad family, but you're also telling the story of another Syrian family. Tell me about this lost family and their relationship with the Assads.

The relationship goes all the way back to the early '50s when Mustafa Tlass and Hafez al-Assad were in their early 20s. They were cadets at the Homs Military Academy. And they basically rose up together to the pinnacle of power until - you know, Mustafa Tlass was up by Hafez's side all the way through. I mean, he was willing to kill for him by his own admission in his own memoirs. He played a crucial role in the passing of power from Hafez to Bashar.

So you have these two men, Hafez and Mustafa. And then they both have sons. And their sons are Bashar al-Assad and Manaf Tlass. Tell me about the relationship between those two men.

So Hafez al-Assad had four sons and one daughter, and the eldest was Bassel, and he was the one being groomed to take over power from his father, but he died in a car crash. So Bashar was summoned to Damascus to basically fill Bassel's shoes. I mean, initially, members of the family, even Bashar's own sister, felt he was hopeless. You know, Bashar was not equipped to inherit power.

turn 1 : Mustafa Tlass was loyal to Hafez al-Assad and helped him gain power.

How did Mustafa Tlass contribute to Hafez al-Assad's rise to power?

Answer: Damage


Well, what happened on Tuesday was very interesting. During the day on Tuesday, there was a very small protest. They were in the middle of central Baghdad in Tahrir Square. They were very quickly dispersed by the Iraqi security forces, but then a call went out on social media from people's individual accounts to say, let's go back to the square at 3 o'clock. And the numbers surprised everybody. There were thousands of people in the square who reacted to that, and they all had one real message to the government. That was to end corruption and provide jobs and opportunity.

The government were completely surprised by this, and they sent in the Iraqi army and the police with very heavy-handed tactics. They used live fire. They used tear gas. They used rubber-coated steel bullets. Now, there were a number of deaths that day, and then the protests spread to other parts of the country.

So whatever had happened, it struck a chord with very young people. Now, the median age of the protesters, as far as I can work out, is about 20 years old. These are people who don't remember Saddam Hussein, who, you know, barely remember the U. S. -led occupation of Iraq. What they do remember is the last 10 years and the opportunities that have not been given to them.

And as you have been moving around the streets, reporting, trying to talk to them, what specifically do they tell you that they want?

turn 1 : The tactics used were very dangerous and deadly to the protestors.

What was the result of the government's response to the protest?

Answer: Result


(Singing) I've got a question When you open your eyes And you see the Sunrise Are you strengthened?

'Cause the tear in your eye Is like a sad song Or a sweet lullaby Like the birds in the sky

Is it alright?Where has the love gone?Hold on. So I left my worries in the sand

Let's talk through some of the songs on your album. You're working with Victor Redwood Sawyerr.

turn 0 : Asking if the sunrise makes you feel stronger emotionally, not physically.

What is the emotional impact of the sunrise according to turn 0?

Answer: strengthened


Yes.

. . . Origins of the book.

So the seeds of this book really were planted within me 18 years ago. I've been carrying them and nurturing them for a very long time. In 2001, I was a young, queer immigrant woman here in the United States, and I was really urgently seeking a deeper understanding of my own country of origin, Uruguay, and how it connects to queer truths and histories.

I was going through my own personal moment where my parents were disowning me and saying that I couldn't be both gay and Uruguayan at the same time. In Uruguay, it is true that, you know, 20 years ago, queer voices were much less visible. I mean, in all of my research of the dictatorship history, the queer stories are simply not recorded.

turn 2 : The seeds of the book are the words of the story that she read that she remembered.

What was the young woman's country of origin?

Answer: Uruguay


Let's get back to the news organizations who weren't permitted in this briefing. Now, I gather this kind of briefing is called a gaggle. What happened?

That's right.

Were you there?What did you see?

Well, what happened is instead of the daily on-camera briefing, Sean Spicer called a gaggle so he could talk to the pool. That's the small group of reporters that go places where the entire press corps can't fit. And then they share their transcripts and their notes with everyone else in the press corps. The White House said this gaggle would have an extended pool. And turns out they invited some additional organizations, but they pointedly excluded others like CNN, The New York Times, Politico. NPR was not there.

turn 2 : Were you there? What did you see?: Implied meaning: Did you witness what happened?

What is the name of the briefing that Sean Spicer called instead of the daily on-camera briefing?

Answer: Gaggle


Well, I am, and I have been watching it this morning. There's video of water rolling over the top of a levee.

That's Industrial Canal in New Orleans.

That's right. Still, wouldn't that make you a little anxious?

Well, it would, but our reporting systems we have, we have monitoring systems throughout the parish on our levees, on our drainage canals, on our pumping stations. Right now all of them are reporting well below flood stages.

turn 2 : The situation is concerning enough that it could make someone anxious, despite the monitoring systems in place.

How would you describe the situation despite the monitoring systems' presence?

Answer: Concerning


Well, there's no secret about this. The chief justice has been very clear. He doesn't want the court to be seen as a partisan institution. The other members of the court, both liberal and conservative, go around saying that this isn't a partisan institution at all. That's the message they want to convey, which is sort of hard at the moment.

But is that possible in this day and age, when we know by their - in their own account, conservative Republicans have tried to win elections so they can win Supreme Court appointments and you have several Democrats running for president now on the issue of enlarging the court?

You know, I wish I knew whether it's even possible anymore to have a Supreme Court that doesn't look partisan. I had always thought you really could. But if you look at the two cases before the court that are overtly partisan, the gerrymandering case and the census case, both would structurally allow Republicans to entrench their power even more than they have in the last decade or two. And I think it gets harder to sell the court as an apolitical institution, which is, as I said, what every member of the Supreme Court still tries to do.

You know, I interviewed Justice Stevens about a month and a half ago for a piece about his new book. And even he, a lifetime Republican, although deemed a Liberal on the court, appointed by President Ford, said it was hard for him to see the current court as apolitical. He said he still has hope, and so do I, but it's difficult.

turn 2 : It's getting harder to make people believe that the Supreme Court is not political.

Which court is getting harder to sell as an apolitical institution?

Answer: Supreme


When you look at what the U. S.  walks away from this summit with, was it a success from the U. S.  point of view?

Well, the one thing - yes, obviously the president, I think, was happy. The president was happy to have been celebrated in the way he was celebrated. Clearly he repeated the mantra of, you know, this imperial visit was the first and most important thing in 200 years.

But I think it's also true that on Iran, they may have gotten a little bit of assistance from Mr.  Abe. He offered to mediate. He's going to be visiting in Iran. And Mr.  Abe and Mr.  Trump both said nobody wanted war; nobody wanted rising conflict. And that may be helpful to the president, who has tried to put the damper just a little bit on the kind of drumbeat that looks like the United States and Iran could end up in a military conflict.

That's Sheila Smith of the Council on Foreign Relations. She's also author of the book "Japan Rearmed. "Sheila Smith, thank you.

turn 1 : The president was satisfied with how he was perceived.

Which person was celebrated in the way he was celebrated?

Answer: President


Well, the Central Intelligence Agency was and, you know, theoretically they also were under the control of the mission. But that's - again, and that's why the senior agency thing becomes so muddled, were they or were they not, and also that special operations team, I don't think, was a working for the CIA. I think they were, you know, DOD asset that obviously was operating in support of the mission there on the ground. So who was in-charge remains a question. Obviously, the deputy from his testimony didn't think he had the power to do that, nor was the special operations commander on the ground able to take independent action apparently without going back to D. C.

And. . .

So that really raises some questions that we really ought to get to before the next one of these things pops up.

There was also confusion. Ordinarily there would have been military aircraft - Air Force planes on call on behalf of the - to support operations, if the mission called, but they were too far away.

turn 2 : "raises some questions" means that there are more questions out there that need to be answered.

How does turn 2 suggest the PersonA's attitude towards the situation?

Answer: Concerned


Four. Four. We have two children.

You're a fam of four. And you are in the hospital, all four of you?

Were in the hospital, yes.

So what do you plan to do when the storm stops?

turn 1 : A has two children and B is confirming the family size, but also asking if they are all in the hospital together.

What is PersonB asking about the family's location?

Answer: Location


But any discussion of regulating it?

Yeah, absolutely. And in fact, the organizer did bring in a bunch of bioethicists to attend this meeting to really remind people of the concerns people have about this. And for example, one of the bioethicists got up in the opening stages of the meeting to remind people that this is the 200th anniversary of the publication of Mary Shelley's "Frankenstein," and people could sort of draw a connection between these two events in their minds. And so they had to be really careful. They had to be really transparent to make sure that society has an open debate about this sort of thing before it gets too far down the road.

All right, Rob Stein, NPR Health correspondent, thanks so much.

Oh, sure. Great being here.

turn 1 : Turn (2) contains an example of figurative language, where the connection between the publication of Mary Shelley's "Frankenstein" and the discussion about regulating a particular technology is symbolic rather than literal. The bioethicist is using the reference to "Frankenstein" to illustrate the potential dangers of unbridled scientific progress, rather than making a direct comparison between the two events.

What literary reference does the bioethicist make in the meeting?

Answer: Frankenstein


When you hear the Spanish word quinceanera, you might think of poufy, pink dresses, big, boisterous family parties and a traditional rite of passage for 15-year-old Latina girls. A new HBO documentary series takes us inside the modern quinceanera. There are profiles of an East LA teen boxer. OK, so she does wear a pink, poufy dress, albeit with boxing gloves. There's also a rodeo duo and a transgender coming-of-age story. One of the girls whose quince was featured in the HBO series, "15: A Quinceanera Story," joins us now from Fort Myers, Fla.  She's Rosi Alvarez.

Welcome.

Hi.

Hi. And we also have the filmmaker and director Matthew O'Neill on the line from New York.

turn 0 : The documentary series goes beyond traditional quinceaneras with different stories.

Which word describes the type of stories featured in the HBO documentary series about quinceaneras?

Answer: Different


Yes. There are tens of thousands of North Koreans who are hiding in China today. At the peak in the late '90s, early 2000s, there were more than half a million. But in - about 25,000 have made it safely to South Korea where they're living today. And about 140, 150 have come to the United States, and there have been several hundred who've gone to Europe.

And this underground railroad, obviously the phrase we associate with escaped slaves from the South before the Civil War, but the analogy, you say, is apt.

The analogy is very similar. It's a secret network of safe houses and routes - secret routes across the country. It's staffed. It's operated mostly by Christians, similar to the original Underground Railroad, though there are also people who are in it for the money who are involved - brokers and human traffickers. And many of the people who help the North Koreans in China are ethnically Korean. That is they're Korean-Chinese or they're South Korean or there are - they are Americans who are of Korean heritage. I interviewed a number of the rescuers, and their stories are incredibly inspiring. Especially in this Christmas season, you think about these are people who are living their faith by going to a hostile country to help, and helping people that nobody else in the world is prepared to help.

And it's interesting. You tell the story of one of them: Adrian Hong.

turn 2 : The people involved in the rescue are risking their lives to help refugees based on their faith and compassion.

What kind of people are mostly involved in operating the underground railroad for North Korean refugees in China?

Answer: Christians


And there is a correlation between dogfighting rings and other crimes, perhaps?

Oh, my God, yes. You know, if you've got dogfighting and gambling, you got just about any type of crime that goes with it. It - and that's what people are more aware of.

What is the line, as research has established it, between people who abuse animals and violence against other human beings?

Well, the research is very clear. And it's been there for a long time, as I said earlier. Law enforcement just hasn't got it yet, even though some have. Some agencies do a very good job. It's growing. If you look back at Son of Sam and Dahmer and. . .

turn 3 : The turn has a literal meaning, but it also contains two cultural references. "Son of Sam" refers to David Berkowitz, a notorious serial killer who terrorized New York City in the 1970s. "Dahmer" refers to Jeffrey Dahmer, another infamous serial killer who murdered at least 17 young men and boys in the 1980s and early 1990s. The references serve to illustrate the link between animal cruelty and violence against humans, which has been established through research.

How are "Son of Sam" and "Dahmer" culturally significant in the context of the dialogue?

Answer: Link


Yes.

They got very close.

Yeah. They got way too close. It would've been an absolute disaster, politically, politically - never mind anything else - for Mr.  Lincoln if the Confederates had just marched into Washington, you know, burned Washington. And that could have very easily had happened. Grant would have been disgraced. Lincoln might have lost the election in November because this would be such an embarrassment, psychological impact would've been incalculable.

I want to talk about Lincoln and I think that there's a monument up there to Lincoln's role in this battle.

turn 3 : Turn (4): "I want to talk about Lincoln and I think that there's a monument up there to Lincoln's role in this battle" - The literal meaning is that the speaker wants to discuss a monument related to Lincoln's role in a battle. However, the actual meaning could be that the speaker wants to discuss Lincoln's role in the battle itself, rather than just the monument.

How did the speaker want to discuss Lincoln's role?

Answer: Monument


Yeah.

And so - especially in the 24/7 cable environment, where you're desperate for eyeballs, you know, which would you rather see, somebody who's methodically and deliberately laying out the science of climate change or two people yelling at each other and getting. . .

Yeah.

. . . into a fight. So unfortunately, the media itself has some structural issues that make it harder to have a reasonable conversation.

turn 1 : (2) implies that the media environment is desperate for viewers, and so it chooses to show people yelling at each other instead of presenting the science of climate change in an informative way.

How does the media prioritize content in a 24/7 cable environment?

Answer: Eyeballs


There is some. The question is whether what they see in their internal polls, the surveys they're doing every night in the 14 battleground states, whether what they're seeing is just a little glimmer or a hope that will sort of fade away, or whether it's kind of the beginning traction of perhaps a long shot, but perhaps a strategy that might actually pay off for Senator McCain.

You write about Senator McCain's pollster, a guy named Bill McInturff, who I gather is quite well regarded in the polling industry, and he's been sending out memos saying, I actually think things are getting better. There's also a new poll today, Mason-Dickson-NBC, on specifically Pennsylvania, and it finds the numbers there narrowing down to about a four-point lead for Senator Obama.

Well, that's exactly right. Bill McInturff has been, as some McCain aides described it over the course of his campaign, a bit of a wet blanket at times. When they thought things were going well, he would say, well, you know, the numbers are showing some weakness here.

But yet, in the last four or five days, it's kind of reversed. They've gotten emails in the morning that as delivers his reports from the previous day's survey, they've got good news in them. You know, women who make less than $60,000 are moving towards McCain. Men with some college education are moving towards him. And they're doing it in these battleground states.

turn 3 : battleground implies a place of contests and difficulties

How does the term "battleground" relate to the challenges faced by the candidates?

Answer: challenges


So, overall, I'm immensely proud of my team for what we were able to accomplish. We didn't have some major university backing us or major corporation backing us. We had two launches, and unfortunately neither one made it, but we got very, very close.

What went wrong?

We had a successful first stage burn. And unfortunately, seconds into the second stage burn, the vehicle spiraled out of control and basically disintegrated.

So, again, you're all college students, but nobody is getting paid. Nobody's getting college credit for this.

That's right. We're investing thousands of hours completely voluntarily.

turn 3 :  "but nobody is getting paid.Nobody's getting college credit for this" is a turn whose actual meaning is the same as its literal meaning. It means that the team members are not receiving any financial compensation or academic credits for their work on the project.

Which turn describes the lack of financial and academic compensation for the team members?

Answer: Turn3


Men are more likely to use alone; women more likely to use with a partner. When you use alone and fentanyl is present - since it kills people so quickly - it can stop breathing in less than a minute - it's very dangerous when you're alone.

So if you're with someone else, at least there's the chance that someone might call 911.

Or use Narcan, or naloxone, the drug that reverses the opioid - the overdose themselves, yes.

Yeah.

turn 2 : Men are more likely to engage in dangerous drug use without help from another person.

How are men more likely to use drugs without help?

Answer: Alone


Like what?

Well, one of the first that we did was a tomb that the University of Pennsylvania museum excavated in central Turkey, which is believed to be either the tomb of Midas or his father, Gordias, west of Ankara. And it was done by the museum back in 1957 and had one of the largest Iron Age drinking sets in it that the excavators had the foresight to bring the residues in the drinking set back here to Philadelphia.

And it was one of the easiest excavations I was ever on. I just had to walk up two flights of stairs, gather up the residues, and then we started doing our analysis.

So you take the dregs, so to speak, out of the amphora - the jugs, and you bring it back to the lab, and. . .

turn 3 : You take the unimportant things out of something beautiful and bring them to the lab.

Which item did they bring back to the lab?

Answer: Residues


Why, over really a period of 25 years or so, have there been so many misadventures?How do you explain, for example, Iraq?How do you explain the lack of progress after so many years in Afghanistan?Why was the Libyan intervention unsuccessful?And I think the conclusion is is that the United States has focused more since the end of the Cold War not so much on defending against external threats but focusing more on the internal governance of foreign countries and trying to change it.

So rather than maintaining a strong defense in protecting our national interests, we've tended to promote democracy in other countries, we've engaged in nation-building exercises, we've engaged in regime change. And in most of those cases, we've been unsuccessful.

You were the U. S.  ambassador to Germany. Does the United States have - and you know the history - does the United States have no interest in preventing genocide and mass slaughter around the world?

I think genocide is probably the one case where we do have a responsibility. I mean, if it's real genocide and people are - there is mass murder, then I think we have a moral duty to intervene. But the problem is is that how you define that moral duty when it's not clearly genocide, when there's injustice, when there's discrimination, when, for instance, the young girls in Afghanistan can't go to school, that is not genocide.

turn 2 : Does the US have a responsibility to intervene in cases of genocide and mass slaughter?

Which case does the speaker believe is an exception to the United States' lack of success in promoting democracy in other countries?

Answer: Genocide


Right.

It was, it's poignant because of Lisa "Left Eye" Lopez having passed away.

Definitely. And SWV and En Vogue, it was just yeah, that I thought, that was really good. I mean, where else could you see that but the BET Awards?

Yeah, it was, I mean I thought the staging was pretty amazing.

Definitely. Definitely.

turn 1 : The performance was emotional due to the death of Lisa Left Eye Lopez.

Answer: Death


Correct.

And that's the idea?

That's exactly the idea and that's where we are today. So you kind of keep the country in limbo. And you say, as long as there's no election then I get to be president.

Have there been any calls for President Kabila to be investigated, forced to step down, impeached, put on trial for violating the constitution?

turn 1 : Implies a question as to whether the idea presented is correct.

What did PersonB ask about the idea presented?

Answer: Correct


The census is required by the Constitution and federal law. There's really no wiggle room here. Trump did sign this executive order directing all agencies to provide the Commerce Department with U. S.  citizenship and noncitizenship data of everyone living in the U. S. The thing is, though, that that data collection was already under way, or at least some of it was. So it's not clear what this executive order is really achieving.

House voted to limit the president's authority to use the military to strike Iran. What's the significance of that vote?

So this defense bill was really aimed at reining in the president's power to use military force against Iran without approval from Congress. This has been an issue not only with this president, but, obviously, with prior administrations - the question of when a president must get permission to take military action. And Democrats in the House are trying to take some of that authority back and give it back to Congress. Obviously, Trump was on his - very close to striking Iran, according to him, a few weeks ago.

But although the bill passed the House, it did so along party lines, and it's going to have a much harder time in the Senate. You're likely going to see some compromise have to be made for this bill to become law.

turn 2 : Democrats are trying to limit the President's power to take military action without approval from Congress.

Which bill passed the House along party lines?

Answer: Defense


I think that the idea of business is that we'd like to serve customers around the world with the capabilities and technologies that we have. But we understand that countries operate differently. They have different political structures. They have different economic priorities. That's just the way the world is, and it's - I think it's always going to be to some degree. What we think is that business can help keep the world a more peaceful place and a more prosperous place. We have a really critical role in keeping the engagement between nations constructive, to make sure that nations talk to each other and feel mutually dependent.

Tom Linebarger is the CEO of Cummins Inc, an Indiana-based company that manufactures diesel engines.

Thanks very much for joining us today.

It was a pleasure speaking with you, Ailsa. Thank you.

turn 0 : Business can promote peace and prosperity between nations despite their differences.

Answer: peace


For people who can't see it, can you describe what things look like right now and some - the actions the Corps is taking on a daily basis to address it?

You know, sometimes it is hard to describe. You know, you're driving down roads that were normally - there might be 50 or a hundred yards to the river. Suddenly, the river is, you know, 10 or 15 yards from where your car is or, you know, where you typically are running for physical training is now underwater.

And in terms of the levees themselves, when you walk the levees, you know, typically, where the water might be 20, 25 feet away from the top of the levee, maybe now it's within five or six feet. So when you see what, you know, a couple hundred thousand cubic feet per second of water looks like rolling down the Arkansas River and it's within feet of the bridges, whether they're pedestrian or vehicular, you know, sometime there used to be 20 feet of clearance, it's pretty awe-inspiring.

What are you doing to shore up the levees themselves?And are you inviting residents to help?

turn 2 : The scale of the flooding is massive and poses a serious threat to infrastructure and public safety.

How close is the water to the top of the levees?

Answer: Within


Yeah. Marianne really is a kind of civilian commander, (laughter) in all ways, of this group, isn't she?

Yeah. In the preface of the book, we see the resisters originally coming together and starting to think of conspiring. And in the context of that, Marianne offers to be the commander of widows and orphans, should it come to that. And it's sort of an offer she makes somewhat in jest. It doesn't feel real at that time - that it could get to that level. But then in the end, her own words come back to haunt her. And that's what inspires her to bring the other two together and to keep searching for others, as well.

I want to be careful with historical analogies because Nazi Germany is the precedent that people - it seems of all political stripes - cite as the nightmare we want to avoid. But what about readers who see parallels between the 1930s Germany in your book and in history and anything we're living through today.

I think, for me, what I felt was really relevant when I was writing this book was the question of - what did ordinary Germans, the people whose lives sort of touched very peripherally on the darkness experienced during that time - and how did they let this happen?How did they either not see it or blind themselves to it?

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker's use of a certain metaphor or analogy suggests they are drawing a comparison to another concept in order to illustrate their point or express a deeper meaning.

How does the speaker use a metaphor or analogy in turn 2?

Answer: Metaphor


From NPR News, it's Day to Day. A trip to the grocery store is not going to get any cheaper anytime soon. The Agricultural Department now forecasts a four to five percent increase in food prices next year. That is in addition to a five to six percent increase this year. Joining us now is John Dimsdale from Marketplace. John, how unusual is it for food prices to rise so fast?

Yeah, well, food inflation this year is the worst it's been in 20 years. Usually, you know, food prices go up in the 2 or 3 percentage range every year, but we're looking at some very dramatic increases this year, especially when you look at specific foods. Eggs, for example, are up 14 percent this year according to the Ag Department, cereals and baked goods almost 10 percent, dairy products too, fruits and vegetables, they're all up in the 5 or 6 percent range this year.

Breakfast is going to be a serious problem.

Usually, when we hear about these increases in food costs, energy costs, weather problems are the ones to blame. But haven't those problems gotten somewhat better lately?

turn 2 : Breakfast is going to be a serious problem

What specific meal did PersonB express concern about in turn 2 of the dialogue?

Answer: Breakfast


Well, we'll see, won't we?I think that the issue here is really is how you talk about it, and how you educate. For instance, food banks for years have done this. I might say, without naming the names, one of the leading best-regarded brands in the large, national food industry, they basically recover the food within their stores; cook it up; and put it out on their hot trays the next day and offer that at, you know, at fair full prices. That's the stuff that we're going to be talking about. We're talking about taking and recovering food. Most of what we offer will be fruits and vegetables that have a use-by date on it that'll be several days out.

Well, customers nevertheless have to consume the food pretty quickly.

As you know, when it comes to bread, most of America, if they didn't buy the bread yesterday, already has it out of code at home. And we all know, if you put it in the refrigerator, it can last for weeks. Milk lasts for days. You know, it all depends on the temperature of your refrigerator, frankly.

Yeah.

turn 1 : The literal meaning of (2) is that customers have to consume the food quickly, but the implied meaning is that customers should be aware that the food has a limited shelf life and should be consumed soon.

Which turn implies that customers should be aware of the limited shelf life of the food?

Answer: 2


. . . You are from this area - born in D. C. , raised in Maryland and Virginia - the DMV, as we like to say. So what's it like to be back home now that you're blowing up like this?Can you go to, like, the CVS if you want to without being recognized?

Yeah. I definitely can go to the CVS. You know, sometimes people recognize me, sometimes they don't. But it's a beautiful feeling, and I just can't wait to move back eventually.

How did you start singing or how did you realize you could sing?

I don't know. I just was always singing. I didn't know if it was good or not, but my grandma, she told me that I sounded like an angel. And that maybe - perhaps that kept me going. I mean, I always wanted a solo at the church, and they didn't ever give it to me. But eventually they did, and I froze. But then I killed it. And I just feel like that kind of just followed me all throughout my life.

turn 0 : The phrase "blowing up like this" does not literally mean that the speaker is exploding, but rather that they are becoming popular and gaining fame

Which phrase in turn 3 suggests that the speaker had a desire to have a solo at church?

Answer: Solo


He went to his local bar and he didn't sit on the sidelines there. He took center stage and actually played a kind of Balkan fiddle called a gusle. And everyone stood around and clapped and applauded him. And he was sitting under a portrait of Radovan Karodzic, this man who was the hero for most of the people in the bar. And not one of them spotted the resemblance.

He lived across the stairwell in his block of flats from a woman who worked with Interpol. And her - every time she went into work, she logged on to her computer and saw the world's most wanted, including Osama bin Laden and Radovan Karodzic. And the penny never dropped. It was like a long-running performance that only came to an end really when his brother made a vital slip.

He made a phone call, right?What happened?

He made a phone call. And he used a SIM card that he shouldn't have used. It was one that was on the files of the people chasing Karodzic.

To put you on the spot a bit, does a sentence like this that comes 21 years after the Srebrenica massacre serve as a deterrent to alleged war crimes being committed today, let's say in Syria and/or Iraq?

turn 4 : The mention of the Srebrenica massacre and the potential consequences for war criminals serves as a reminder that such heinous acts can lead to future accountability, even if justice is delayed.

What does turn 4 suggest about the accountability of war criminals?

Answer: Accountability


Well, no. There is no sign of that yet. They cannot do everything the Trump administration wants because, as we've discussed before, we are asking for structural changes that are at the core of the Chinese Communist Party's governance of China. So they - no, they cannot do that.

And they're entering, remember, a very sensitive political season. You've got the 30th anniversary of the Tiananmen Massacre coming up. They need to look strong. Xi Jinping puts himself forward as sort of the all-knowing, all-powerful leader of China. And he has to seem that it - to be defending the interest of the Chinese people.

So what are the risks to the United States, if continuing to raise tariffs, if it doesn't push China to make a deal?

Well, all of these tariffs cost the American people. President Trump repeatedly says that China is simply transferring money to American coffers. But there are numerous academic studies which indicate that these costs are being borne by the American importers and increasingly by American consumers.

And China is going to be very careful when it retaliates to target consumers in sectors in the United States that are supportive of President Trump. They've already done this in targeting soybeans. They're very deft politically, and that's what they'll continue to do. So they are going to make him politically pay a price. And American consumers will pay as well.

turn 4 : China will retaliate by targeting American consumers and make President Trump politically pay a price

Which group will China target in the United States to make President Trump politically pay a price?

Answer: Soybeans


Thank you for having me.

Let's begin with the top line of the report. We certainly know retail is suffering. We see stores all over America closing. Midtown Manhattan is having problems with retail space. We assume it's online shopping and delivery. But how many job losses do you fix specifically to the role of private equity?

Well, we found that over the last decade, 1. 3 million people lost their jobs at retailers that had been acquired by Wall Street private equity firms and hedge funds. During that same 10-year period, the retail sector had actually added an additional 1 million jobs. So what we find is that in key areas, Wall Street firms are destabilizing retailers. Toys R Us is a good example. Toys R Us was highly profitable when it filed for bankruptcy. Their private equity owners had loaded the company with debt and did not really invest in necessary technology upgrades to support e-commerce and to make it viable.

Well, let's peel back a phrase like Toys R Us was highly profitable when it filed for bankruptcy. That wouldn't seem to fit in the same sentence. But how do you explain that?

turn 3 : Lets go back to what you said about Toys R Us being profitable when they filed for bankruptcy and talk about that more.

What phrase did PersonB ask PersonA to explain during the dialogue?

Answer: Profitable


How do you perceive yourself at this point as a business woman, not just a comedienne?Because you used to be an Algebra teacher, you were also a small business owner. I'm sure that there is a whole industry behind what you do, having to deal with your bookings, et cetera. How do you deal with that part of it?

Well, knowledge is the key. I have a degree in Business Administration's, minor in Mathematics. And, unlike most comediennes, I was a business person before I got into this field. I am very aware of my bookings, I'm very aware of my accounting. I'm very aware of how to write jokes. So, it doesn't make it easier but knowledge helps it - helps me understand a lot of different things. So even like times now when we're in a recession, when the country is in a recession, and people aren't coming out to the shows as often the way they used to come - the audiences aren't packed - I, because I understand business, know that, OK, I'll move to smaller venues, I'll come in with a cheaper ticket. But I will still work as an artist. And as an artist, overall, you really want to work.

What makes you laugh?

What makes me laugh - kids make me laugh, and old people make me laugh.

turn 0 : B implies that being a comedienne is not the same as being a businesswoman, and she wants to know how A manages the business side of her career.

Which degree does PersonA have in addition to minor in mathematics, according to her response to B?

Answer: Minor


Sure. Well, before she becomes a pirate, she tries shoplifting. And when Gwen is shoplifting, she imagines herself as named Octavia. She imagines herself to much more glamorous persons, so there's a little bit in this book that's here.

(Reading) She remembered what it was called - shoplifting - and pictured lifting the whole place, the aisles tilting and tumbling their baubles and trinkety treasures into her pockets. Pink razors for her burnt leg and then a keychain she thought Naomi would like. And when she realized she could steal for other people, it was an avalanche, a chew bone for Toby the II, more stuff for Naomi, a stuffed bear and a tiny license plate that said Naomi. Three flasks of perfume, curvy and shapey like internal organs in her pockets, and she was done with Mother's Day for ages.

Her father liked the electronic things, which were behind locked cabinets. But she grabbed a slick stereo magazine and managed to slip into one of her boots. It would be a way to warm him for taking the bus by herself. By now she was thirsty and rounded a corner to open a fridge and grab an iced tea in a bottle that felt so good in her hands. It was One Universe Green Tea, which the label said was good for the immune system and for Octavia's skin. No one had stopped her. No one had spoken to her. It was smooth sailing. All for one and one for all.

So is there a straight line from that to piracy or just adolescence?

turn 0 : "she imagines herself as named Octavia" - actual meaning: she imagines herself being someone else named Octavia, not that her name changes to Octavia.

What name does Gwen imagine herself as while shoplifting?

Answer: Octavia


Hi, David.

So we have heard so many different messages, I mean, from President Trump in terms of removing U. S.  forces, keeping U. S.  forces there, claims of victory, backing off claims of victory. What exactly is the situation right now?

Well, the U. S. -backed coalition does appear to be in the final stages of the actual combat. But what exactly the victory entails, what it achieves, how final it proves to be, those are all still open questions. Over the weekend, the Syrian Democratic Forces, the SDF - they're the ones actually in there trying to seize this last bit of ISIS control - said it would be over in a matter of days. There could still be some intense fighting, though, between now and then.

SDF commanders say some of those airstrikes that have been pounding the ground were targeting vehicle bombs left by ISIS. There was a Twitter post from an SDF spokesman. He said three car bombs were taken out. And there's - he also said it's going to be over soon, this battle. There's estimates hundreds of ISIS fighters are left. They're not going anywhere without a fight. But it sounds like a victory over those fighters is being portrayed as more a question of when rather than if.

turn 1 : Although the literal meaning of this turn is simply asking for a description of the current situation, the implied meaning behind it is that the speaker is expressing frustration or confusion about the conflicting messages they have heard from President Trump regarding the removal or retention of U.S. forces in Syria. It could be interpreted as a way of questioning the credibility of the information that has been provided so far and seeking clarification or a more definitive answer.

Which turn in the dialogue expresses frustration and confusion about conflicting messages from President Trump?

Answer: Turn1


And yet despite all this, is Sisi still a popular figure?

Yeah, he is a popular figure. The military is seen as the most trusted institution in Egypt. He comes from that institution. He was elected in an election that maybe wasn't really fair, but it wasn't rigged in a wide scale manner. He was voted in with more than 95 percent of the votes here. But it's an election that took place in an atmosphere of fear, where you're basically with us or against us. And if you're against us, the idea of against us lands you in jail.

What are the challenges that he faces?

The biggest challenge he' got is the economy - the foundering economy. Egypt is in debt and needs to dig itself out of that hole. And there are constant power cuts going on right now in the soaring summer heat. And the way he's doing that is lifting the subsidies, which take a huge part of the budget. But that will also possibly lead to protests against him, possibly, because that means people are going to be paying higher gas prices, which have already been lifted, and higher food prices.

turn 1 : That statement implies that Sisi's election may not have been fair and that there was an atmosphere of fear during the election.

Which institution is seen as the most trusted institution in Egypt?

Answer: Military


The opposition and outrage over families seeking asylum being separated from their children at the border of the United States broke open this week. Laura Bush said, our government should not be in the business of warehousing children in converted box stores. President Trump did what he said he couldn't - sign an executive order to stop separations. But how long will that hold, and what will happen with those families who've already been separated?

Erika Pinheiro is an immigration lawyer with a group called Al Otro Lado, the other side. She joins us from Tijuana. Thanks for being with us.

Thanks for having me.

Have you seen a case where parents have been reunited in the United States?

turn 0 : The government of the United States is treating families seeking asylum inhumanely.

Answer: United


OK, starting with GlobalGrind. Here's the deal Farai, as you know, being in the media, it's becoming more and more niche, and people, especially what you're talking about Internet, you're talking about web communities and defining that niche. Now we're seeing more and more websites pop up where we've had black websites in the past, but GlobalGrind is this one-stop shop.

They claim, or they offer, for news, gossip, humor, entertainment. It's just about everything that users think is important. So the whole site is actually driven by users voting on other content that's happening elsewhere. And so the higher the vote of a specific piece of content, the more relevant it comes up on the GlobalGrind webpage.

Is it fun?

It is fun. It looks very clean. It's sleek. I do like the ownership behind the company, and some of the people driving it, because Navarro is a guy that ran 360HipHop. com, which was very successful that was sold to BET. I've met with their advertising people. I think they really got their handle on - they've made it mobile. They now integrate it with Facebook, which wasn't there before, which I was dinging them on. I was like, when are you guys going to get with mobile applications in a Web 2. 0 space?

All right, Mario. We have to jump in. RushmoreDrive. Give me the skinny.

turn 1 : GlobalGrind offers a wide range of content that is user-driven and voted upon

What is the content on GlobalGrind driven by?

Answer: Users


From NPR News, this is News & Notes. I'm Tony Cox. FEMA wants immunity from Class Action lawsuits for its formaldehyde-ridden trailers given to Hurricane Katrina victims. And President Bush is expected to sign a housing bill that once it clears the Senate, will help homeowners in trouble with their mortgages. That and more on today's Reporter's Roundtable. But first, we check in with our very own Farai Chideya coming live from the journalists of color UNITY convention in Chicago. Hey, Farai.

Hey, Tony.

So listen, for those not in the journalism world, what is Unity?

Unity is a once-every-four-year gathering of the Ethnic Journalism Associations. So the NABJ, the National Association of Black journalist, the Hispanic Journalist, Asian-American Journalists, Native-American Journalists. It's really this kind of diversity fest for journalism.

turn 3 : Unity is a gathering of diverse ethnic journalists.

How would you describe the attendees at Unity?

Answer: diverse


Now, Steve, everything I've just said has a caveat. OK?As you'd mentioned, yesterday the administration lightened their touch and said American tech firms could keep engaging in existing business with Huawei until mid-August. That's presumably to give some transition or prep time.

Is it really possible that the administration could raise these alarms of Chinese spying through Huawei equipment - that's the scenario they put out - and then just let the business go on?

Sure. That's totally possible. And there would be a precedent for that. Last year, President Trump banned sales to another Chinese phone-maker, ZTE, also citing national security concerns. That basically brought China's president to the bargaining table. And then Trump announced ZTE would pay a billion-dollar fine to do business with America again. So you know, maybe - maybe - the Huawei ban is a move to create leverage. In the last couple of weeks, the Trump administration has increased tariffs on $60 billion worth of Chinese goods, too. China's responded and, you know, tensions are growing.

You have underlined for us how deeply engaged U. S.  companies are already with Huawei, whether it's a small rural phone provider here in the United States or service provider in the United States or whether it's Google operating in Europe. How are tech companies responding?

turn 0 : lightened their touch implies to say their minds or to speak for everyone to understand and not putting on touch light

How did the administration allow American tech firms to continue business with Huawei?

Answer: until


Well, there's a big argument in the United States about this. There's one group of folks who think that engagement policy failed. We engaged with China from 1979 until about 2013 when Xi Jinping came into power. And the idea of engagement was that coevolution was in the American interest as well as in China's interest. And you could bring China along to be a responsible player to some degree.

Many hardliners in the United States government - and outside and including in the expert community - now claim that engagement was a sucker's game and that we have raised up a tiger which could now devour us. But there are different schools of thought about this, and many of us think that we still need to engage with China, albeit more strategically.

That image of raising a tiger that will devour us is very dramatic. Is that what we're talking about here?I mean, like, one or the other will triumph?

I don't think so. I'm actually borrowing from a Chinese phrase - (speaking Chinese) - you don't want to raise up a baby tiger because it grows up. But again, there are people like Steve Bannon and the Committee for the Present Danger: China, which now claim that China is an existential threat to the United States. And they're also claiming that the United States cannot coexist with the Chinese Communist Party, despite the fact that we've been doing so at least since 1949.

turn 2 : The situation is not necessarily an 'either/or' between China and the United States.

How is the Chinese phrase mentioned by PersonA relevant to the argument about engagement with China?

Answer: Coexistence