Not necessarily. Sinkholes can happen for many different reasons at different times. However, we do tend to see sinkholes occur more often during high precipitation events, so during a wet season, for instance. The - if you have a void underground and in the soil it tends to work its way toward the surface. And so then you have - and we don't necessarily see any kind of subsidence on the surface if it's a nice, tight, clay soil.

But when you add a lot of water to it, you're adding - you know, water weighs a lot. So you're adding that weight to that soil bridge, basically, over that void. And once you get to a certain amount of weight, it'll collapse. The other situation is during droughts. Water tables will drop, so that'll give you a little bit more instability for what's on the surface, but also clay holds water very well.

And during a drought, you might dry up the water that's in that clay. And clay, you know, that water is basically like a glue. It's adhesive. And if you lose that adhesion, you also can get sinkholes.

Is there a way to detect if you have a sinkhole under your property someplace?

turn 1 : The area underground where water is first found will lower in terms of the amount of water.

Answer: b


Happens to be benched. What do you make of this?I think Vince's issues I think are quite different from Tarvaris. I think there was a lot of pressure on Vince from the time he came out of Texas to kind of be the black Johnny Unitas, and he's going to - they'll both have an opportunity to sit and watch, and hopefully come back with a vengeance.

One really quick other black quarterback not in the league at the moment, in Atlanta, Michael Vick. Is Matt Ryan, the replacement, making Atlanta Falcon fans forget Michael Vick?

I wouldn't say that. Maybe that first week he did, but there will only be one Michael Vick. Remember, Tony, Michael Vick was the most exciting quarterback in the NFL, and there's still talk and anticipation of him playing when he gets out.

All right. Let's move on to baseball because we're moving into the time of the year, at least for me, when baseball really becomes interesting. This year we had a couple of blockbuster trades involving Manny Ramirez going from Boston to the Dodgers, and we also had C. C. Sabathia going from the Cleveland Indians to the Milwaukee Brewers, and they turned their respective teams around. So, the question is, are they - should they be considered as MVP candidates even though they've only been there a short time?

turn 0 : Being benched implies temporary substitution and inactiveness,  not being seated in a bench

Which term describes the state of being benched according to turn 0?

Answer: inactive


These Special Forces and SEAL veterans, Navy SEAL veterans - they deployed on a mission to kill the leader of the Aden branch of Al-Islah. And Al-Islah, as I write, is a very important political party in Yemen. It's an Islamist party, but it's not viewed in the wider world as a terrorist group. Nonetheless, the UAE, as we write, hired this company to kill this local political leader, this Islamist leader.

The UAE and Saudi Arabia are leading the war in Yemen against rebels in Yemen, and they have U. S.  support. Now, you suggest in the story that somebody in this group was a member of the active military, don't you?

A reservist - he was a reservist, and he was a SEAL reservist. He was at that level of command, one of the nation's best, most highly trained. And he was still - you know, technically, he had a top-secret clearance, sources told us, even when he was doing this very strange, unique, unprecedented mission, as far as we know.

I guess I'm among those Americans who just assume that that had to be illegal, that U. S.  citizens couldn't do that.

turn 3 : Assassinating the Aden branch leader of Al-Islah may have been illegal

What political group was the leader of the Aden branch that was allegedly assassinated?

Answer: Hair


Well, it's interesting. What you find in the data is that Trump did very well among self-described evangelicals. But he did far better among self-described evangelicals who don't regularly attend church. Cruz destroyed him amongst evangelicals who go to church regularly.

And what's also important about that is there's a lot of evidence that white Americans who don't regularly attend church do worse economically and are much more pessimistic about the state of the country. And that's also what Trump tapped into, this sense of deep pessimism about the state of the country. And that pessimism is greater among Americans who don't regularly attend religious services.

And you just - according to your article, you don't see this in just one side of the political divide, do you?

No. What's interesting is that the same divide you see between Ted Cruz and Donald Trump voters, you also saw between Bernie Sanders and Hillary Clinton voters. So if you look at white Democrats, white Democrats who went to church were much more - religious institutions at all - much more likely to be Hillary Clinton supporters. Bernie Sanders much more likely to win the votes of those who did not regularly attend religious institutions.

turn 3 : The political divide between the Democratic and Republican parties is not the only divide that exists, there are divides within the two parties as well.

Answer: Democratic


Last year, we gave almost $50 million of our internal resources for aid. So between 25 percent and a third of all of our students had enough grant aid from the college for tuition to be free. Why is that possible?Because we have this endowment that we use to underwrite the cost and to provide opportunities for students.

OK.  You have, as you mentioned, an enrollment of 1,700 students with an endowment of 1. 8 billion. That's more than a million dollars per student. The government only wants to take 1. 4 percent in this proposal.

Well, first of all, 1. 4 percent may seem like a small percent, but that is every dollar there - takes dollars away from students. It takes away either from the quality of educational experience or from our ability to offer aid. And we do this as a public good. We do it for students from all over the country. We admit need blind. So we admit students without even considering how much they can pay. And we're able to do that because of these resources, and we're not unique.

Right. But, you know, if you look at something like Harvard and Yale, they have an endowment of a combined $60 billion. I mean, that's an astronomical amount of money. And, in effect, by it being tax free, aren't we the taxpayer subsidizing these elite universities that are hardly hurting for income?I mean, aren't we all paying for it?

turn 2 : "Takes dollars away from students" implies that they are actually taking money from the student's pockets.

Which resources enable the college to provide opportunities for students?

Answer: Endowment


Yes, thank you.

We get it.

A lot of things in the book are things that I wrote about in my newspaper column. For about nine or 10 years I've been doing a column every week for the Guardian newspaper in England, and it's about any kind of unexpected, funny thing that I run across or people tell me about. And to do the book, I went back and grabbed a lot of these stories and then did some more digging to see what else have these people done.

Mm-hmm. Some of the stories seem to have sort of a moral to them, like the one - mysterious one I'm going to call the rectum in a jar.

Yeah, this is the case of the rectum of the Bishop of Durham. If you go to London and you visit the Hunterian Museum, it's a wonderful, wonderful - one - in fact, one of the world's few remaining big medical museums. It's part of The Royal College of Surgeons of England. If you go and visit it, on display on the main floor inside a jar is something they call object RCSHC/P192. The label identifies it as being the preserved rectum of the Bishop of Durham, and we're talking about Thomas Thurlow, who was born in 1737, died in 1791. Would you like to hear the story of why it's in a jar in London on display?

turn 4 : A strange story is going to be told about a preserved rectum.

What body part is preserved in a jar at the Hunterian Museum?

Answer: rectum


Everybody else in the theater did. I didn't.

Oh, yeah, right.

Every single person cried except for me.

Oh, yeah, because they were only slicing onions for you?

turn 3 : B is sarcastically suggesting that the reason A didn't cry was that they were not affected emotionally by the movie.

How did PersonB imply that PersonA was not emotionally affected by the movie?

Answer: Emotionally


So, number one, the Web site made a drastic change and a tremendous shift. It opened up transparency. It put a lot of ways for individuals to feel that they could be more empowered to have better access or a direct access, almost like an open Internet door to the administration. Number two, they looked to hire a chief technology officer for the administration, which has been done. They've actually checked that off of their list and that has never been a position within the White House to that level before.

And then, number three, I would say actually the stimulus package, you know, coming through with $7. 2 billion being placed specifically for broadband access in rural areas. Those are three key things - oh, and the fourth thing would be, actually redoing - re-upgrading rather the systems within the White House. Internet connectivity was extremely - is extremely slow there. Outdated computers, viruses, just issues with just the infrastructure of technology that was there left by the previous administration.

You know, that was going to be my next question because I understood as the new administration staff took their offices in the White House, what they found were computers that were - I suppose outdated and very slow and. . .

Yeah.

Not nearly as technologically advance that you would expect from the White House.

turn 0 : The new administration has made efforts to increase transparency and accessibility through their website.2. The new administration has made technological advancements in the White House infrastructure and staff.

Which access was the stimulus package specifically placed for in rural areas?

Answer: Broadband


Yeah, well, when I was a young, little Muppet baby version of myself, you know, I mean - I guess people were right in that I was kind of a punk kid. I was anti-everything. I was anti-capitalist, first of all. I just don't have a lot of respect for profit motive. So as an artist, you know, I had a hard time. You know, when I was living hand to mouth, you know, my first manager - as a teenager, you know - tell people you have tapes for sale. Like, no, no.

(Laughter) You didn't even want to do that.

I just feel like a jerk. I didn't want to. I couldn't do it. I couldn't do it.

What I loved about the book was that I didn't come away with an impression that you suffered from self-doubt. You kind of always knew that it just didn't matter how hard it was, you were just - this was your thing.

turn 0 : "kind of a punk kid" - This is a figurative expression meaning that the speaker was rebellious and anti-establishment in their youth.

Which expression describes the PersonA's rebellious nature in their youth?

Answer: Punk


Men are more likely to use alone; women more likely to use with a partner. When you use alone and fentanyl is present - since it kills people so quickly - it can stop breathing in less than a minute - it's very dangerous when you're alone.

So if you're with someone else, at least there's the chance that someone might call 911.

Or use Narcan, or naloxone, the drug that reverses the opioid - the overdose themselves, yes.

Yeah.

turn 2 : Men are more likely to engage in dangerous drug use without help from another person.

What is the risk associated with using fentanyl alone?

Answer: Breathing


In the late '70s and early '80s, the Mutiny Hotel in Miami was the place to be seen and to drop scads of cash. Everyone from Arnold Schwarzenegger to Led Zeppelin to Teddy Kennedy might be found at the Mutiny's exclusive, members-only nightclub. It was a palace of decadence and intrigue, and it quickly became a hub for Miami's exploding cocaine trade. Journalist Roben Farzad charts the rise and fall of the Mutiny in his new book "Hotel Scarface. "Roben, welcome to the program.

Thank you so much for having me.

And Miami is your hometown. Why don't you describe what had become of the Mutiny Hotel when you first saw it when you were a teenager in the early '90s?

I mean, I grew up with much of the rest of the world experiencing Miami Friday nights on "Miami Vice. "That was the it show of the mid-1980s, kind of a Hollywood MTV-ized representation of a lot of the ugliness and cosmopolitan splendor (laughter) that we had of Miami at the same time. But right before I left off for college up north in 1994, I had a job just downtown in Miami, and I was stationed in front of this abandoned building. And, really, for the first time in my life I feel like I was truly, truly haunted.

turn 3 : The abandoned building had a significant impact on the speaker's emotions and thoughts, making them feel haunted.

What word describes the PersonA's feelings towards the abandoned building?

Answer: Haunted


But some of the people you were just talking about are format breakers, who are a little bit of R&B, some soul. They pull back from influences from the past but they put their own stamp on it. Sonia, what do you like right now coming out of Atlanta?What are some of your favorites?

You know, I liked hearing the bumper music that you guys are playing in between - those are current songs, but when I think about - well, you know, first it was Goodie Mob and the "Cell Therapy. "So, I was thinking about what Cee-Lo is doing now is part of Gnarls Barkley.

As a songwriter, when you think about it, this guy wrote "Don't You" for the Pussycat Dolls, turned around and that is a big commercial. I mean, this guy is an incredible talent. The album that he's put out now with Gnarls Barkley is good. I can't wait to hear what TI's going to say, now that he has been through what he has been through.

I'm a big TI fan. I am still a bit OutKast fan. You look at OutKast, just completed their ballet this past weekend. I mean, these people are looking at the music as just kind of a launching pad into a lot of different mediums and you can't help but be proud to see such talent being recognized and explored in so many different mediums.

turn 2 : TI has faced some challenges but people still look forward to his music

What artist's music is anticipated despite their challenges?

Answer: TI


Oh, yes. On Friday morning, I was involved in a lockout drill at one of my high schools as I was sitting in a counseling office, talking with a student.

And I guess as a parent, I have learned to be grateful that these drills are held. But I wonder if there are some students who aren't panicked by the drills in and of themselves.

It can be a very scary experience. It's a reality now that our students in our schools are preparing for. So when we do a drill, we don't tell our students they are drills because we need them to take everything seriously. And we want to normalize and help them feel calm during those things. And I've also wondered, what is the impact of doing these drills for our students?

Well, you're a gifted counselor. What do you think it might be?

turn 3 : "What do you think it might be?" - The literal meaning of this question is asking for the speaker's opinion. However, the implied meaning is that the speaker is acknowledging the other person's expertise and asking for their professional assessment of the situation.

How would you describe the implied meaning of turn 3?

Answer: Acknowledging


But even artists like Bone Crusher, who's very theatrical. He was on "The Biggest Loser" or - no, the "Celebrity Fit Club," "Celebrity Fit Club. "He was on "Celebrity Fit Club" and has such a wonderful personality. You have so - these artists that are first songwriters and musicians are so creative. They are so well-rounded and many of them you will see in other mediums.

Now, you are listening to NPR's News & Notes. I am Farai Chideya. In case you are just tuning in, we are doing a special roundtable in entertainment in the ATL with Dee Dee Murray. She is president of Murray Media Music. The company provides publishing service for musicians, writers and producers. And Sonia Murray, music writer at the Atlanta Journal Constitution.

Now, Dee Dee, what about the issue of being a woman in this industry?You know, I have many friends in the industry and I am just going to be real here. You know, one of them says, well, if I don't go to the strip clubs with the guys, I don't get the deal. Do you ever had to figure out where you draw the line in terms of how you are willing to make deals and where you are willing to make deals?

All of the time. As a woman, you always are faced with the challenge of upholding your morality in a lot of instances. And for me, I have had to go to the strip club with some of my clients that are males from California that only dreamed of coming to Atlanta and striking deals in these clubs.

turn 3 : They are implying that deals are done in inappropriate places

How are deals often made in the entertainment industry according to the dialogue?

Answer: Strip-clubs


And the president did a victory dance in the end zone on Twitter after he was fired. He said Andrew McCabe being fired is a great day. He said he knew all about the lies and corruption going on at the highest levels of the FBI. Then what happened was even more significant because the president's private lawyer John Dowd released a statement saying that now that McCabe has been fired, he hopes that acting Attorney General Rosenstein will follow Jeff Sessions' lead and bring an end to the Mueller investigation. Now, at first, Dowd said he was speaking for the president when he issued this statement. Later, he backtracked, although it doesn't really matter.

Yeah. It's not news, though, that the president hates the Mueller probe. He's been pretty vocal about that on Twitter. Why is his lawyer statement so important?

It's important because it's a change in the legal strategy. Up until now, Donald Trump has always stopped short of saying something that could be perceived as an order to Rod Rosenstein to fire Mueller. He's always said, no, I'm not going to fire him. He's even said he looks forward to talking to him. Now it looks like they're opening a new phase, openly calling on the Department of Justice to shut down the Mueller investigation.

The Democrats have been pretty vocal. I've been seeing a lot of their reaction. Do we know what the Republicans in Congress have been saying or doing?

turn 0 : President celebrated the firing of Andrew McCabe despite the event being controversial

Which FBI official was fired that the President celebrated?

Answer: Andrew


President Obama says he wants to close the U. S.  detention center at Guantanamo Bay during his final year in office, just as he said he wanted to close it his first year, too. The president and his supporters say Republicans in Congress prevented him from doing that. But a new book presents original essays from 14 lawyers who represented some of the detainees, and many of those attorneys hold the Obama administration responsible, too.

They say that once in power, the administration found it convenient to have a place in which to park people it suspects of being terrorists without charge or trial. Reportedly, there are now about 80 detainees in Guantanamo. The book is "Obama's Guantanamo: Stories From An Enduring Prison. "It's edited by Jonathan Hafetz associate professor of law at Seton Hall. He joins us from New York. Thanks so much for being with us.

Great to be here.

Seems to be a lot of disappointment and even some anger in this book.

turn 3 : This implies that the book contains criticisms and negative opinions about the Obama administration's handling of Guantanamo Bay detainees.

Which book contains negative opinions about the Obama administration's handling of Guantanamo Bay detainees?

Answer: Book


I fear there could still be a lot of fighting with many, many thousands of men armed to the teeth with no option but to fight or die. It will also threaten the lifeline that 12,000 humanitarian colleagues - our collective lifeline is very fragile to 2 million people in non-government-controlled areas in the north.

Is the deal in effect now?Is there a deadline?

Well, these are decisive days because between now and mid-October, the buffer zone is supposed to be established. That, in a way, will hold back any ground offensive by the Syrian army and allied forces. Presumably, there will be fighting - these groups. Al-Nusra have said that they will not leave their positions. So there will be fighting now first in the buffer zone, possibly, and then later on in other parts of Idlib.

Jan Egeland is secretary-general of the Norwegian Refugee Council and a special adviser to the U. N. Thanks so much for being with us, sir.

turn 0 : A is concerned about the possibility of violent conflict with no other options.

Answer: Fighting


What Bonnie Raitt song, may I ask?

O'NEILL: "I Can't Make You Love Me. "

(Singing) Here in the dark, in these final hours, I will lay down my heart and I'll feel the power. . .

Kate O'Neill, who wrote about her sister, Maddie Linsenmeir in the Vermont Weekly Seven Days, thank you so much for being with us.

turn 1 : The song title is "I Can't Make You Love Me"

How did O'NEILL describe the Bonnie Raitt song?

Answer: Love


If you thought the fight over the FBI's Russia investigation couldn't get any more contentious, this past week, of course, it did. The White House has refused to declassify a competing Democratic memo that challenges claims made by the Republicans alleging bias and abuse in the FBI. President Trump had given the OK to release the GOP memo. Both documents are products of infighting within the House intelligence committee. Jamil Jaffer was a lawyer in the White House under President George W.  Bush. And he was senior counsel to the House intel committee. He joins us from Colorado today. Welcome to the program.

Thanks. Good to be here, Lulu.

You've called this a, quote, "massive strategic miscalculation on the part of the White House. "Why?

Look. I mean, part of the challenge here is the president is alleging that there was massive corruption at the FBI, at the Justice Department - an attempt to engage in political surveillance. And by allowing one side's memo to come out - the House Republicans' memo to come out - without releasing the House Democrats' memo, it plays into that partisan narrative. And as a result, it discredits the ability to make the point that there was - whether there was or was not, in fact, problems with the FBI.

turn 0 : It would suggest that the documents were physically produced as a result of infighting. However, the intended meaning is that the documents were created due to disagreements or conflicts within the House intelligence committee.

How does the turn in the statement clarify the origin of the documents?

Answer: Produced.


Well, Mr.  Market feels pretty strongly that he's seen this show before. And. . .

He's counting on something to be worked out at the last minute.

That's right. The real question is, if by Thursday there's no deal, will stock markets still be gaily rising?I think the answer is probably no.

I was struck by a phrase in Chris Arnold's piece about the dollar being the bedrock currency for much of the world. Is that jeopardized?

turn 2 : (3) Will stock markets still be gaily rising? Implied Meaning: Will stock markets still be increasing in value?

Answer: Stock


And not to make any comparisons, but I seem to recall that there was a time when J. Crew was a catalog retailer - didn't have any real stores. And now, of course, they've got plenty of them in addition to a very ambitious online retail site.

Absolutely. The way that I've thought about these Shopify stores is they're undoubtedly strange because they're new, but their model is fundamentally not that different from, like, a big corporate enterprise. It's just that the tools have democratized the ability for people to tap into the globalized economy. And so before, it took the idea of having a supply chain and having all these people who would know factory owners in China and all these other kinds of things - that took a lot of infrastructure.

What these tools have done is eliminate the need for all that infrastructure. And so now it's this alternative way into what is a real thing about our economy, which is that many, many of the goods that we all purchase are made in Asian factories and are sold to us at a very high markup from their production costs.

So where's the coat now, may I ask?

It's hanging up in my closet, kind of towards the back - in there with the things that are too small for me to fit into now (laughter). But I'll bring it out at some point, I'm sure. Everyone needs a coat like that, you know, maybe for gardening or something.

turn 0 : J.Crew has evolved from being a catalog retailer to having physical stores and an online retail site.

What was J.Crew before they had physical stores and an online retail site?

Answer: Catalog


One sergeant in the Green Berets told you - and this gives you some sense of the intensity of what went on - I've never seen that many rocket-propelled grenades in my career.

That's correct. He's an 11-year veteran of the Green Beret team, so he's pretty much seen it all in Iraq and Afghanistan. And he said it was almost, you know, cinematic. This particular attack seemed so highly orchestrated that they just felt like, you know - that they were throwing everything that they could at them.

Why weren't the Afghan military forces in Ghazni able to repel this Taliban attack?

The local forces had communication problems. They weren't able to really strategize about how to beat back the Taliban forces. They were overwhelmed in a lot of ways, despite the fact that they're flush with U. S. -supplied weaponry, at that. There were reports of Afghan military firing on their own forces, as well as American convoys. And there were reports that they had delivered the wrong supplies to police departments that were in desperate need of more ammunition. So really, what it came down to was that they needed the U. S.  Special Forces and Afghan commandos, which is special forces of sorts for the Afghans, to be able to have strategy, to be able to communicate with one another and to be able to act in concert rather than these sort of disparate skirmishes.

That adds up to a pretty damning appraisal of the Afghan military's readiness.

turn 0 : The green berets are a military organization that wears green berets.

What headgear do the members of the Green Berets wear?

Answer: Berets


I must be doing something right. What I thought was funny about it was Sommore is not my real name. So. . .

Right. Right, right, right.

I was like, OK, so you named - you named your kids after my stage name. OK, that's hot.

So, when you think about all the stuff you do about women, you know. When you say, women, we got to catch up. When you talk about sex, when you talk about relationships, what sisters have to go through. I'm assuming that you and your girlfriends are the people who can road test some of the comedy that you talk about.

turn 2 : that's hot implies that the person thinks it was an acceptable and good gesture

Which gesture did the person find acceptable?

Answer: Naming


I decided to take matters in my own hands and decided to raise the funds that I need to get the materials that the kids need. The budget wasn't going to change. The only thing is, it was going to get worse. I had decided that I should advertise on my test, and I said, well, if you would like to put a quote or an ad at the bottom of my test, then it'd be kind of a mutual - they help the kids, and then I help them get a little bit of PR out of it.

And so the parents, they responded well?

Absolutely. Back to school night, I had one parent give me a $100 check, and she said, I hope this gets you started, and I actually had a lot of good comments, saying that's very creative and thinking outside the box.

And I've actually gotten emails from parents and one from my school district saying, you know, I am glad somebody is finally speaking up and saying that parents are having a tough time footing the bill for things that should have been paid for through their tax dollars and paid through the school system.

And what did the kids says?I mean, aren't they kind of bombarded by advertising all day long when they are not in school?

They really like the quotes, and they actually look forward to them. I've had students say, hey, what's going to be the next quote, and I tell them, you have to wait.

turn 0 : "if you would like to put a quote or an ad at the bottom of my test, then it'd be kind of a mutual - they help the kids, and then I help them get a little bit of PR out of it." - The actual meaning is a suggestion for a mutually beneficial arrangement where the person advertising on the test would get some positive publicity in exchange for helping the kids.

What is the suggestion made by the person speaking in turn 0?

Answer: Mutual


The other thing that we're doing is making a mouse that has Beatrice's exact genetic variant so that we may be able to recapitulate what Beatrice has so - you know, with the muscles and that sort of thing - and then study that mouse in great detail. And also. . .

You're - I mean, you're making an actual, physical, fur-covered mouse?

Yeah. In fact, I just saw a picture of four of the pups today. They carry Bea's identical variation. Mice live to be 2, and so if they develop heart problems or vascular problems or other problems, we'll be able to know that - if we're not able to find other Beatrices.

A lot of people, I gather, are very happy for you and certainly, for Beatrice, but is this necessarily a good example for other families that have a sick child?

turn 0 : The speaker is using the mouse as a model to study Beatrice's genetic condition and potentially find treatments for it.

What is the PersonA's purpose for creating a mouse with Beatrice's exact genetic variant?

Answer: Study


Well, you know, in my opinion, a geek is somebody who obsesses, and who tinkers and who tries to kind of take apart the world - whether that's, you know, in a literal way by disassembling things or reassembling them or in a figurative way by being a writer or a musician or something like that. And Tesla was sort of the embodiment of that. He was almost like a - sort of like a Steve Wozniak, in a way, in that he was kind of this brilliant workhorse that maybe early on was a bit naive about money. He wasn't really concerned with that. He was just concerned with seeing what he could do to the world and how he could change it.

And didn't quite get the same glory as Edison.

He did not, no. He was - he wasn't great at marketing himself, and he wasn't great at making money. He was brilliant. He was a genius, but he was not a businessman.

What does this site look like, this old lab of his?Are there things lying around like his tools, or a half-eaten bag of chips or something that could be auctioned off?

turn 0 : urn: "take apart the world" Actual meaning: To understand or analyze the world in a deep and comprehensive way.

Answer: Definition


Exactly, keep looking up, and I can't believe I still pinch myself every time that I get to say those words afterwards. But this is the fellow that would appear on your PBS station, usually late at night, at weird hours, for a minute or five minutes telling you what's up in the sky. He'd sit on the rings of Saturn and point out at Jupiter, and he'd have this very interesting voice. It was great.

And so he passed away a few years ago, and the station has decided to continue the program. We've done a little bit of touching-up to it, but it's called "Star Gazers," and so you might catch us on weird hours on your PBS station, and they're always online at our website, stargazersonline. org, and you can watch any of the shows there, and we'll tell you what's up in the sky and say keep looking up. That's what we always say.

That's it. It's a great show. I've been watching it for years. I used to know Jack for a while, so. . .

Oh, I know, what a great guy. I mean, this is a populizer of astronomy, and I just hope that I can fill his shoes a little bit and get people excited about the stars.

turn 3 : "fill his shoes" implies that the speaker wants to follow in Jack's footsteps and continue his work, but not that they literally want to wear his shoes.

How does the speaker want to continue Jack's work?

Answer: Follow


It's great to be with you, Ira. Thank you.

It does. It includes 84 percent of Democrats, 68 percent of independents and 52 percent of Republicans. So yes, there is this difference between Democrats and Republicans. But nonetheless, a majority of Republicans do think that global warming should be a priority for our elected officials.

So why are we all under the impression that there is not this majority?

Ah. Great question. So one of the things that became very clear to us early in our research was that Americans don't speak with a single voice on this issue. And in fact, what we've identified is what we call a global warming's six Americas, that essentially you can look at the country and find that there are six very different communities within the United States, that each respond to this issue in very different ways. One group we call the alarmed. That's only about 12 percent of the public.

turn 1 : I'm just looking at the abstract of your study, and some of these numbers are amazing. Seventy-two percent, 72 of all Americans think that global warming should be a very high or medium or a priority for the president and the Congress. That crosses all party lines. (Literal meaning: expressing amazement at the high percentage of Americans who prioritize global warming)

How many Americans prioritize global warming?

Answer: 72


You know, he wrote that in all caps. This tweet was then followed by a statement from Taiwan's government that contradicted what Trump had just tweeted, saying that the call between the two leaders was set up by both sides in advance. Soon after that, Trump seemed to dig himself an even bigger diplomatic hole by tweeting (reading) interesting how the U. S.  sells Taiwan billions of dollars of military equipment, but I should not accept a congratulatory call.

So from his Twitter posts, it does seem like he's genuinely flummoxed about why his conversation with Taiwan's president was seen as such a big deal. On the other hand, though, it's certainly possible that this could have been a calculated signal that Trump's team of advisers was sending to China's leadership. It's important to mention here that Trump's advisers on China are a very hawkish group. They've written, in the past, about the importance of Taiwan. And it's likely they would approve of testing China's leadership like this.

Thanks very much, NPR's Rob Schmitz.

Thanks.

turn 2 : thanking the NPR reporter, so it does not have a different actual meaning from its literal meaning.

Which turn in the dialogue indicates that the NPR reporter was being interviewed?

Answer: turn2


You're welcome.

Remind us, please, about some of the allegations facing Secretary Zinke because they have been building.

They have. One Washington-based ethics watchdog tallied 17 different investigations and controversies around Zinke. The one everyone will be - will remember are the really expensive doors. The Interior Department apparently spent $139,000 to replace three sets of doors. But the bigger issues were related to whether he had travel or financial dealings that were unethical or that favored industry and somehow benefited himself. Those are ongoing. And there was a concern or a thought, a very real likely concern, that congressional Democrats were going to take those ethical quandaries a lot more seriously and would be investigating when Democrats took over the House.

Yeah. So that might prompt the decision now in addition to any effect the president might want to have on the news cycle?

turn 2 : Secretary Zinke is involved in multiple investigations and controversies.

What was the Interior Department's expenditure on the replacement of three sets of doors?

Answer: $139,000


Thanks for having me, Scott.

Let me begin with what's being called the tarmac summit. Bill Clinton, Attorney General Lynch happened to be at the Phoenix airport at the same time. And Bill Clinton arranged a private meeting, lasted about half an hour, with the attorney general. Your old colleague, David Axelrod, tweeted, quote, "I take Loretta Lynch and Bill Clinton at their word that their convo in Phoenix didn't touch on probe. But foolish to create such optics. "How helpful was it for Hillary Clinton, who's so widely seen as untrustworthy, to have her spouse meet with the attorney general while she's under investigation by the Justice Department?

I can't imagine there's one person in America, including in the Clinton campaign, who thinks that was helpful (laughter). But I - look, I think if Bill Clinton had to do it over again he probably wouldn't have walked over to the plane, seeing all the follow-up from the last couple days.

Does it raise a question about what you do with Bill Clinton during the campaign because he is, certainly on the one hand, often called the most talented politician of the modern era. On the other hand, you know, he's got a history of mischief.

turn 1 :  Implies disbelief in the official explanation for the meeting and wanting a better answer.

What was the reaction to David Axelrod's tweet about the meeting between Bill Clinton and Attorney General Lynch?

Answer: Followup


That's right.

Their due, and they would make great traveling companions, you're saying. You know, we once had a piece of moss - we've done a show on moss before, and we got some samples of moss, and we've just stuck them out on the porch, and they lasted for years all by themselves just sitting there.

They do, they do.

Yeah, it's really interesting. Do they produce anything for humans?I mean if you took them along on the Mars trip, could you eat them?Why would you bring them along to Mars?

turn 3 : Asking for the purpose of bringing moss to Mars

Answer: Mars


Well, so far, they've gotten houses in Jeddah, a city on the Red Sea in Saudi Arabia. They've also gotten monthly stipends, or monthly payments, of about $10,000 to $15,000 per month.

Although it sounds like, from your reporting, that's just the beginning. You report negotiations for possible larger payments. What would they be?

Yeah. So this is - this happens in sort of two stages. These were payments that were approved by the king late last year for the family. But going forward, you know, there are cases; there are prosecutions underway in Saudi Arabia. When those conclude, there would be an opening for discussions for far more money. And that's where you get into the real sort of blood money situation or scenario. Those could be millions and millions of dollars (inaudible). . .

Now, we should just underline that. I mean, we understand, from civil lawsuits in the United States, the idea of punitive damages. Blood money, I guess, is somewhat similar but also different. This is a way to wipe away a killing rather than the family of the victim having to seek revenge. Is that right?

turn 3 : (4) implies that "blood money" is a way to reconcile with the family of the victim without seeking revenge.

Answer: Reconciliation


I agree. I was shocked - really shocked - when I found them. And then many things happened to me with Chopin through my life.

Such as?

Well (laughter), you're not going to believe this if you don't believe in the unknown normal. But I had a death mask of Chopin given to me. Some friends came over, and they said, what's that?I said, it's death mask of Chopin. That's what they used to do in those days. When someone died, they'd get someone to put wax on his face and make this death mask as a memorial. I took it off - down. I said, please be careful with it because it's, you know, very unique. There are only two or three in the world. My wife was there. My son was there - he was about 17 - and these two friends. And, suddenly, a fluid started coming out of one of the eyes. And I put my hand into this fluid, and it was salty. So I guess there was no question in my mind these were tears. What I felt was that Chopin was happy that he could communicate somehow with the current world.

You know, I learned one thing. People who are negative about these kinds of unknown normal things - they will never change. They'll always find another way that it could've happened or try to find another way that it could've happened. But I just give up try to convince them because they won't ever be convinced. The ones who are skeptics - once they hear about it, they say, oh, actually, it's real.

turn 0 : "shocked - really shocked" is a figurative way of expressing the speaker's strong emotional reaction.

How did the speaker feel when they found "them"?

Answer: Shocked


The other thing that we're doing is making a mouse that has Beatrice's exact genetic variant so that we may be able to recapitulate what Beatrice has so - you know, with the muscles and that sort of thing - and then study that mouse in great detail. And also. . .

You're - I mean, you're making an actual, physical, fur-covered mouse?

Yeah. In fact, I just saw a picture of four of the pups today. They carry Bea's identical variation. Mice live to be 2, and so if they develop heart problems or vascular problems or other problems, we'll be able to know that - if we're not able to find other Beatrices.

A lot of people, I gather, are very happy for you and certainly, for Beatrice, but is this necessarily a good example for other families that have a sick child?

turn 1 : The listener is surprised that the speaker is creating an actual, physical mouse with Beatrice's genetic variant for research purposes.

How is the PersonB reacting to the PersonA's plan to create a mouse with Beatrice's genetic variant for research purposes?

Answer: Surprised


Yeah, it was. And you know, people did everything from bringing full-on sleeping bags to wearing what looked like, you know, fall clothes for a stroll in the park. People had very different strategies about what they were going to bring. They had very different understandings of what the security lines would let them bring in. There were huge piles of debris afterwards from things people couldn't bring onto the Mall. You know, it was organized chaos. I mean, it went off really smoothly considering, but there was certainly moments where people didn't completely know what to do, but there was no one who I've heard of who had a bad time. The only time that things are bad here is when you're trying to catch a taxi because there aren't any.

Well, you know, Metro police said there were no arrests, at least initially, as a result of all those people being there, which is remarkable in and of itself. You could have that large a crowd and everyone be that well behaved.

People were amazing. I saw these young brothers last night, and they were like, where's the Mall?And this is one o'clock in the morning. And I went, oh, there's not going to be any parking over there. They're like, we just drove from Chicago. Where's the Mall?I was like, that way. So, people just brought their A-game.

All right. Farai, thank you very much.

turn 2 : People were determined and enthusiastic despite the late hour and lack of parking.

Which brothers did the speaker see last night?

Answer: Young


Like what, as you see it?

Well, there are a few things. First of all, ABC did try to get the case dismissed in the early going and the judge declined to do that. They tried to remove the case to federal court, which is a pretty well accepted strategy. But they couldn't remove it to federal court. So they were going to end up trying the case, really, in the plaintiff's backyard. So I think that those were risks combined with the fact that there's obviously a great deal of sort of free floating anti-media sentiment out there these days, which is hard to quantify. And the amount that was being requested by the plaintiff was, you know, billions, literally, billions of dollars.

Does a large settlement like this just embolden other people to sue media companies?

Well, I think that after we see a large verdict or a large settlement, we do tend to see an uptick. Many plaintiffs and their lawyers think that maybe media entities are easy get-rich-quick targets. I think that's a mistake.

turn 3 : People may view media entities as easy targets for lawsuits in order to make a quick profit.

Which entities may be viewed as easy targets for lawsuits to make a quick profit?

Answer: Media


I can do it either way.

There are two different puzzles. You know, they are the dominant forms of matter and energy in the universe. Roughly speaking, dark matter accounts for about 25 percent of the universe, and dark energy 70 percent with the stuff you and I are made of, weighing in at 4. 5 percent. And, you know, dark matter holds things together. Dark matter holds together our galaxy, and it's the dark energy that's causing the expansion of the universe to speed up. So they're doing very different things. But as you alluded to, they're both big mysteries and who knows?They might be related.

We think that in terms of the puzzles that were at different stages, as long as we're talking about the LHC, one of cosmology's big hopes is that the LHC stands for dark matter factory. Let's see, I guess those letters don't quite work. Maybe in some language they do. But we're hoping that the LHC, after it finds the Higgs, will actually find the dark matter particle so that this mystery that started some 70 years ago with Fritz Zwicky will be finished off and that we will have identified the dark matter. The dark energy is one of those puzzles where, who knows, it could get solved this decade, but my hunch is it will be another 30 years or maybe even longer.

Are you saying that the Large Hadron Collider can actually make dark matter?

turn 1 : In turn (2), the speaker is using the phrase "dark matter holds things together" and "dark energy that's causing the expansion of the universe to speed up" in a figurative sense, rather than a literal one. Dark matter and dark energy are not literally holding physical objects together, but rather their gravitational effects are causing certain phenomena in the universe.

Which effect of dark matter is holding our galaxy together?

Answer: Galaxy


Well, and how does Barack Obama come out of all this?

If you read the charges, he comes out shining. He and his aides would not play at all with the governor. In fact, it drove the governor to distraction, and he created these fountains of profanity when he thought about what President-elect Obama was willing to give him for the Senate seat, which is to say nothing. And so he was quite angry that he wasn't getting anything out of the Obama camp.

When President-elect Obama was asked about this, though, his answer was not that nourishing. He said that he didn't know anything that was going on. That's excessively vague. His good friend, Valerie Jarrett, was up for the post. He appeared to be pushing her. So it's hard to believe that he would know nothing about that.

There was a little confusion also about whether he had talked to Blagojevich about his successor. David Axelrod, a top strategist for Obama, had at one point said that the two had talked. It then came out that Axelrod said he was mistaken. They had not talked. So we know the two never talked about it, but still open is the question of what exactly Obama knew about this pay-for-play scheme that Blagojevich was running.

turn 0 : The implication is that Barack Obama may have been involved in the Blagojevich scandal.

Which scandal's involvement is being questioned regarding Barack Obama?

Answer: Blagojevich


Reading this book, the thing that always shone through was that you never took no for an answer. You talk about, despite all your successes, always feeling like you might never be good enough, or that people were judging you. And yet, you always sort of came back swinging, sometimes literally.

I love the word no (laughter). Because of the ADD and the dyslexic, I couldn't follow anyone's formula at all. So no to me was the yes that I needed to hear. And I wanted to succeed so I could grow my team and grow my staff as well. And a lot has to do about Boston in general. I wanted to be somebody, you know?I think so.

Barbara Lynch - her book is called "Out Of Line: A Life Of Playing With Fire. "Thanks so much for joining us.

Thank you so much.

turn 1 : Here, the speaker implies that they have a unique perspective on the word "no" due to their personal challenges with ADD and dyslexia. The literal meaning of "no" is a negative response or rejection, but the speaker sees it as a positive thing because it drives them to find alternative paths and overcome obstacles. It signifies resilience and determination in the face of adversity.

Which word does the speaker with ADD and dyslexia see as a positive thing?

Answer: No


The British travel company Thomas Cook has collapsed. The company coordinates packaged tours, or rather they did coordinate packaged tours. They're going out of business immediately, leaving hundreds of thousands of travelers stranded overseas. The British government says getting a total of 150,000 British nationals home will require the biggest peacetime repatriation operation that Britain has ever conducted.

Daniel Thomas is the executive news editor of The Financial Times. He's covering this story from London. Welcome to the program.

Good morning.

How does a 178-year-old company close overnight?

turn 0 : when a company collapses, it means they went out of business.

Answer: Closed


Yeah. It's just pretty much everything.

Yeah.

But overall, is this space open to entrepreneurs of color?This space - meaning online social networking. Is there still room for new innovation?

Yeah. I think that's a great question and it absolutely is. I mean if anything, what we've seen now and what I've been preaching is that we need to start being more niche. More niche-focused is actually the better. So we come from a long way of having these broad sites that would just aggregate a whole bunch of people and just be this commercialized area to now to seeing real value and having super niche sites. It's kind of this whole thing that goes back to this idea of the long tale having fewer people that may be really passionate about a certain thing, than having a lot of people that may not really ultimately be interested.

turn 2 : Entrepreneurs of color may face challenges in the online social networking space

How do niche-focused sites add value to the online social networking space for entrepreneurs of color?

Answer: Value


And that would work quite well.

Her instructions are easy. Mush up your beans, mixing in lemon, oil, salt and cumin. Then add the garnish. Through the magic of radio, we'll fast-forward to the important part.

Now you can taste and see if the seasoning is right.

Taste and see. Wow, it's flavorful.

turn 2 : It is important to taste the food to ensure proper seasoning

Which step in the recipe guarantees the proper seasoning?

Answer: Tasting


That's where I went to school.

You went to Fremont?

I went to Fremont High School, I did.

Oh, my goodness. So, you know, East 14th is now called International Boulevard, and you lived in two very different worlds in that part of Oakland. Tell me a little bit about the best and worst of both sides.

Well, I lived my - after my parents divorced, my mother remarried a guy who made us be in that religion that rhymes with tehova's sitnesses (ph).

turn 2 : Confirming that the person went to Fremont High School.

Which high school did the person attend?

Answer: Fremont


Pretty soon the island will be a donut.

In other words, there'll be land surrounded by a hole filled with water.

Oh (laughter). Is it hard for you to go back to Martha's Vineyard as a visitor?

We went back a year ago, June, for a wedding of a young woman who'd been one of the children who had kind of grown up at our house. And going to that wedding really helped me feel a lot of peace about the island and about no longer having the same purchase on it because I realized that my psychological purchase is as real - maybe not as real as owning a piece of property, but it has a great deal of reality for me. Basically, I think that when the house was being sold, I was just so - I found that summer of 2014, I was in a state of what I call extreme mixed feelings. I felt very sad about losing the house.

turn 2 : 3: Is it hard for you to go back to Martha's Vineyard as a visitor? - This implies that the person is no longer a resident of Martha's Vineyard, and is now visiting as a tourist or guest.

Which island did the person mention in the dialogue?

Answer: Martha's-Vineyard


Might give them a viral moment on YouTube.

It could, indeed, give them a viral moment on YouTube. So that's part of the game that's being played. But what the Democrats are trying to do here is educate the public about what this president did and how he did it. And they've got a witness who has impeccable credentials. I don't think the Republicans are going to try to undercut this man. He is one of them. And he served his country. And he did this not because he was looking for a job. He did it because he thought somebody had to do it.

Well, let's get down to the prognostication part of this conversation. Robert Mueller has been pretty plain about how he doesn't want to testify and has nothing to say beyond the report. Do you support his logic?

Well, you know, there've been some very powerful commentary about his position. A former deputy solicitor general, deputy attorney general, a fellow by the name of Donald Ayer wrote a rather sharply worded piece kindly but clearly saying that Mueller had a duty to actually go beyond the four quarters (ph) because of what's happened. Attorney General Barr has tried to discredit his work. He's actually belittled his work. And as Ayer says, you know, this man's got to step up and defend his work and not be rolled over. I think he'll do that.

turn 1 : "that's part of the game that's being played." meaning that the function of how politics work.

Which aspect of politics is being referred to in turn 1?

Answer: Politics


I think that for, me Hillary is a policy wonk. I'm focused on public policy, and I'm thinking about action and thinking about what people say, how they present themselves, and whether or not they sound really credible on hardcore concrete ideas and proposals. And she just emerges as that person for me.

So, Congresswoman, why did you change your mind?

Combination of things. We've been through a campaign period. Barack Obama has paid some dues, and he's rebuilt himself. We got to know a bit more about him. He is talking about issues. The campaign has done what campaigns are supposed to do, and that is to help the public get to know the candidate, what they stand for, what they're willing to do, and whether or not they are tough enough to stay the course. He has met the test. He's paid his dues. He's got the numbers, and he should be the nominee.

Now, we saw a lot of members of the congressional black caucus either switch their superdelegate vote or at the last minute declare, when they were undeclared. What do you think that was about?Why was there this, you know, even before the final election votes were in, why was there this rush to say, you know, to declare?

turn 2 : Obama has demonstrated his credibility and is qualified to be the nominee.

What did the campaign do for the public?

Answer: Know


There are several photographs of Wolfert in the book wearing an apron. What's written on the apron is - keep calm and follow the recipe. Now, she is known for being able to remember recipes in great detail and tasting something and knowing what's in it. You make the recipes in the book very detailed with very clear instructions and accurate measurements - more detailed than her books were, as I recall. Why'd you do that?

Her cookbooks assume a high degree of cooking experience. Her biggest audience were professional chefs. And she basically wrote her books for them. I wanted to let anybody cook these. Obviously, couscous is one of the most difficult recipes in the book. We chose most of her most accessible recipes so that you could discover the wonderful flavors of pomegranate molasses or sumac. Or - we wanted everyone to be able to enjoy the incredible layered and truly unforgettable flavors of the best Paula Wolfert recipes.

Well, let's get back to our country and this weekend. This is the Thanksgiving holiday. So I'm going to ask you for a recommendation for a post-Thanksgiving antidote.

Absolutely. The cracked green olive relish, which is from southeastern Turkey, is a terrific palate cleanser. And it uses wonderful fall foods like pomegranate seeds. And you just want to be careful making it because you'll never want to stop making it. It's so good.

turn 2 : An antidote is a cure for all disease which is funny that an antidote can make the fatigue from eating Thanksgiving disappear.

Which recipe does PersonA recommend as a post-Thanksgiving antidote?

Answer: Olive


An investigation by the U. S.  Park Police and the FBI found that Mr.  Foster committed suicide. We turn now to Joe Klein. He's a political columnist for Time magazine and, of course, author of "Primary Colors," the 1996 bestseller that featured a charming, philandering rogue of a southern governor and his proud, smart and oft humiliated wife - wonder what inspired that. Is Bill Clinton's personal history a legitimate campaign issue?

No, I don't think so. I mean, we've been through this time and time and time and time again. And there's so many legitimate campaign issues out there. I think that it's kind of a way for Donald Trump to steal a new cycle, as they say these days. I do think that there's an interesting debate going on within the Democratic Party about Bill Clinton's substance of record in the '90s. But that's a different thing.

Tactically, do you see it as a wise campaign issue on Trump's part?

I think people are going to get tired of it. You know, this sort of stuff worked in the Republican primaries. I think that people are entertained by his antics. It remains to be seen whether people are going to vote on him. I mean, you have to understand that we've never seen a candidate like Donald Trump before.

turn 1 : Donald Trump's use of Bill Clinton's personal history to distract from legitimate campaign issues is not an effective strategy

How is Donald Trump's use of Bill Clinton's personal history perceived according to turn 1?

Answer: Ineffective


And you do say us. You believe that you've been complicit in some small ways, too.

Of course. I believe that everybody has. I tell a story in the piece about a former colleague of mine who did not harass me but who I saw harass other people. And at a later job, that colleague, I was told, was going to be brought on. And I made this stand. No, I will not work with him. But I was on a leave at the time. And I was told - OK, it'll just be temporary. By the time you get back from your leave, he'll be gone. And he was.

However, when I got back from that leave, there were younger employees who came to me afterwards and told me that he had messaged them inappropriately. So you know, here I was thinking, actually, that I was, you know, doing the right thing by raising my voice in concern. But in fact, in doing it only, in some ways, on my own behalf, I failed to protect the others - younger women - from that kind of behavior.

Some of the allegations against prominent men - and be they Harvey Weinstein or Roy Moore or James Toback or President Trump or Al Franken - are 10, 20, even 30 years old. Should some of the women who defended President Bill Clinton from allegations of sexual misconduct in the '80s and '90s reassess the support they gave him now?

turn 2 : (3) The literal meaning of this turn is that A failed to protect others, but the actual meaning is that A was only concerned with protecting themselves.

Which aspect of PersonA's behavior failed to provide protection to others?

Answer: Protection


And what kind of station wagon was it?We had a Rambler.

It's an old Ford.

And old Ford, yeah.

Old Ford, you know, with the wood paneling.

turn 2 : A confirms B's statement without acknowledging the age of the car.

How did PersonA respond to PersonB's description of the car?

Answer: Confirms


Yeah, I was looking for connection - that kind of familial intimacy that I just still didn't have. As a teenager, I went out into the world armed with my guitar and my little songs and my aggressive eye contact. And I was looking to connect with somebody else deeply.

It's so interesting - right?- that you did. You craved it. And as a result, you really looked for people's eyes. You wanted that moment of intimacy. Was it because you felt like you were an outsider in some way?

I was lonely. And yet I realized something - recording the audiobook. . .

Yeah.

turn 1 : As a teenager, A was seeking connection and intimacy with others

Answer: Seeking


We're talking with NPR foreign correspondent Deborah Amos, with us from our bureau in Beirut. You're listening to TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News. But does that suggest that people believe that some sort of conference, some sort of agreement will freeze things in place, at some point?

Well, maybe if we get to Geneva 10 as many. . .

. . . analysts talk about here.

Not funny, but it's funny.

turn 0 : The agreement will cause things to come to a halt with no further changes.

Answer: Freeze


Joining me now is Christoph Schott, who directed that report for Avaaz. He's on the line from Brussels. Hi, there.

Hi, there. Good to be here.

Good to have you with us. So give us some examples. What kind of things did you find?

We found a very, very large set of different type of content from actual disinformation. We saw, for example, a video of migrants destroying a police car, viewed 10 million times, when, actually, that was out of a movie - years old. And people kind of got a misrepresenting, like, picture of reality where they thought this type of content, both very hateful or, actually, outright lies, is very popular in the community. And that's what really concern us - that these disinformation networks out there share this content so far and wide so quickly that it reaches millions of millions of Europeans every single day.

Right. I mean, you found it was reaching people in Germany and Spain and France, Italy, the United Kingdom - all over Europe.

turn 4 : Disinformation networks are spreading false and hateful content rapidly

Which type of content did Avaaz find in their report?

Answer: A


Well, we had some great conversations about what it took to play the position. And you know, Bob Watson, who started out as a catcher, was one of the committee members. Phil Niekro, Bert Blyleven and Don Sutton, Pat Gillick, all pitchers, all Hall Famers, were really able to add a lot of insight to what it must have been like.

And the other - one of the main things we talked about was just how they played much shorter schedules in the 1870s. So when you look at career statistics, that's a huge distortion. Deacon White ended up with 2,000 career hits, but he was playing in a - in an average of 40, 50, 60-game schedules a year. So there was no way to generate the kind of career milestones that we look at as benchmarks today. You know, 3,000 hits would be all but impossible. And 2,000 was a terrific accomplishment.

And the number of errors he recorded even as a great defensive catcher would have been, you know, totally unacceptable by today's standards.

Oh, exactly. Yeah. And again, an issue where we had to really sort of look at what - compare him to people from his own era. And when we did that, you know, it became really obvious just how much he stood above his contemporaries.

Are the records from those days good enough that you have reliable accounts of who was good and who was great?

turn 3 : Comparing a player's skill to their peers is important when assessing their historical impact.

What was the key point discussed in turn 3?

Answer: Assessing


Shelter in place. Stay away from windows. Maybe get in a reinforced room like a bathroom, something with no windows. The building I'm in - we're retreating to the inner corridors right now. And there's a stairwell inside that - we have some kids with us. We're putting the kids in there. We're putting pets in crates in bathrooms - just to get to the safest part of the building you're in. Stay away from the windows. And wait for the winds to go down.

Just to give us a little bit of context, you know, how have the Keys weathered major storms in the past?Is - how does this hurricane fit into the history of Key West and its exposure to storms?

Yet to be seen. But to me, it looks like the most serious one since the 1935 Labor Day hurricane, which was a Category 5. It went across Islamorada. In the upper Keys, it took out the overseas railway, and it killed more than 400 people. So Key West has seen other impacts since then. Wilma, in 2005, sent about a 5, 6-foot storm surge over the islands - and not just U. S. , a lot of the Keys. So that was a pretty serious impact. But nothing like this - not a Category 4.

Nancy Klingener of member station WLRN. We'll be checking in with you, we hope. Please stay safe.

turn 0 : There is a dangerous situation happening that requires people to seek shelter and take precautions.

Answer: Inner


Well, I think it's been a historical thing. It's not a new thing. Mental illness has always been a mystery. And in ancient times, it was considered to be some kind of supernatural phenomenon, demon possession. In the modern era, meaning the beginning of the 19th century, there was an effort to consider mental disorders as illnesses. But then when researchers attempted to see what the pathology of the illness was in individuals who, when they were living, were ill - when it came to mental illnesses, they couldn't find anything. And I think then what happened is that in the desperation of psychiatrists who, by and large, were the custodians of asylums - as an alternative, people sought treatments, but the treatments turned out to be in retrospect pretty barbaric. And it's only really been in the last 50 years that psychiatry has established a scientific foundation for itself and developed treatments that truly work beyond a shadow of a doubt and are safe. But the lulled attitudes still persists.

Yeah. No name is bigger still, in a way, than Sigmund Freud. What did he get right, and what do we now know was not as helpful?

Well, Freud is undisputedly a towering figure and the most famous person in the history of psychiatry. And in the absence of any scientific theory of mental illness, he introduced concepts that were completely novel to civilization and endure today as valid and have really been given new life in the context of cognitive neuroscience.

What did he get wrong?

turn 2 :  "he introduced concepts that were completely novel to civilization and endure today as valid" - This phrase is not meant to be taken literally. It means that Freud's theories and concepts were groundbreaking and still have relevance and influence today, not that they are literally the only valid concepts in the field of psychiatry.

How would you describe the enduring impact of Freud's concepts in psychiatry?

Answer: Groundbreaking


Well, it's a heck of a lot more. So the total incentive package, when you include some training grants and other things like that, is $7 million over 10 years that they're being offered now. What critics are complaining about is that it appears from a certain perspective that the state is essentially rewarding Carrier, even as it ships some of the jobs to Mexico anyway. From another perspective, they're retaining, you know, a thousand jobs at least. And those jobs do produce revenue for the state through state income taxes and sales tax, and the state would argue that it - and Mike Pence would argue - that they come out ahead still on that.

I'm wondering if that doesn't make sense to you, given the fact that if those employers just left the state, there'd be no tax revenue for the state of Indiana to tap, and even more people losing jobs.

This is the gray area of economic development. You know, how many of these workers would find other jobs in this state?And in terms of these incentives, you know, these don't even appear to be the primary factor in Carrier's decision to keep these jobs here.

Is it felt that the most persuasive argument was the fact that United Technologies, which is the parent company of Carrier is a federal contractor and needs to have good relations with the federal government, which Mr.  Trump's about to head?

turn 3 :   The incentives offered may not be the primary factor in Carrier's decision, indicating that other factors, such as good relations with the federal government, may be more influential.

What factor may be more influential in Carrier's decision according to turn 3?

Answer: Relations


'Cause there are a lot of industries now that can point to the fact that they are using fewer people to sometimes produce even greater revenues.

Well, that's what using fewer people will sometimes do. It certainly will - using fewer people will increase the productivity of the people that you are using. And we had been living through an age where we are adapting to a transformative technology - the Internet. I mean, this has enormous effects on the workplace. But, you know, I'm a mere writer. I wouldn't even know how to begin to answer the question you just asked; how much of this is a fundamental shift in the economy and how much of it is a result of the way we've led our financial lives?

Michael Lewis, what should, in your mind, Americans learn from the financial crisis in Europe?

The thing that has interested me the most is the role of the big financial institutions in our economy. I think over the period of the last several decades, they have spun out of control; that they are too big to fail, which means that the normal sort of mechanism of a market economy is not allowed to work in a financial sector. That normal mechanism is creative destruction. It's, you know, someone builds a better one and the old one dies. And I would have thought the big lesson from the period of 2007, 2008 is that we can't really build an economy based on such institutions. It's like building your house on sand.

turn 3 : A's statement "It's like building your house on sand" is a metaphorical expression, implying that an economy based on big financial institutions is unstable and likely to collapse. The actual meaning is not about building a physical house on sand, but rather using it as a comparison to convey a message about the inherent instability of such an economy.

How did PersonA describe an economy based on big financial institutions?

Answer: Unstable


So, you're skeptical about a car czar. You think that there should be loans, though, with strict provisions attached to them.

Right, right.

What else?What else needs to be done?I mean, this is a massive, massive problem, and two of the three are facing extinction at this point.

Don't forget, what's putting them in this condition is the economic, you know, the economic condition of the nation right now. But the kind of fixed-cost structure that these auto companies have is massive, massive losses that have to do with what's happening to demand.

turn 2 : The current economic situation requires more than loans to help the auto companies - other measures must be taken.

How do the auto companies need to be helped besides loans?

Answer: Other


Hi, Lulu. Thank you so much for having me.

It is an absolute pleasure to have you. Let's talk through this. There's already been some diversity in the emoji world. We have different skin tones included in emoji form. But why do you think an afro should be included too?

I think an afro should be included too because there's an entire community of people - black, Afro-Latinx, diasporic. We were just talking about the do for others. It's a lot of people that have hair that grows up, forward and spherically and, you know, defies gravity. And there's been - and there's just been a big dearth and lack of representation of natural hair and Afro hair in the media. And I think the lack of Afro hair in our keyboards is a subtle but constant reminder of that. You know, we're a world that interacts largely in digital spaces. And emoji are this universal language of self-expression and kind of the closest way to, really, inject our personality into our conversations. And the fact that a very large community and culture of people has no reflection of themselves in those conversations is something that I'm trying to change.

Describe the emoji for us.

turn 1 : It's not a pleasure but the person is just being polite during the interview.

Which turn implies that the interviewer is not really enjoying the presence of the interviewee?

Answer: Polite


And it's interesting. As you talk about this, the catcher today has regained some of that reputation from those days.

I think so. I think the catcher's toughness is really recognized. And also, the catcher's unique position, as somebody who's part of the offense and part of the defense, plays a key role in what the pitcher throws and the pitcher's ability to throw, you know, particularly balls in the dirt, which are very hard.

You know, if you don't have a good catcher back there, then the whole team is lost. And so I think the catcher has really started to regain the reputation of being a key contributor to both, and I think that's why so many great managers are former catchers.

We've been talking about Deacon White, the newest member of baseball's Hall of Fame. Baseball historian Peter Morris, thanks very much for your time today.

turn 1 : The catcher is tough and plays a crucial role in the pitcher's success.

What position is recognized for its toughness and key role in the pitcher's success?

Answer: Crowding


Many political figures tweeted thoughts and prayers just after last week's church murders in Texas. Just as immediately, there were many sharp responses. Wil Wheaton, the actor and writer who has more than 3 million Twitter followers, wrote Speaker Paul Ryan, the murdered victims were in a church. If prayers did anything, they'd still be alive - and added an expletive. Mr.  Wheaton later tweeted an apology for insulting what he called real people of faith.

David French joins us now, a senior writer for National Review, a Harvard law graduate. He received the Bronze Star for his Army service in Iraq. And Mr.  French, on this Veterans Day, thank you very much for being with us.

Well, thank you so much for having me. I appreciate it.

You wrote this week that for people of faith, including those who were in that church, prayer is, in fact, a powerful response. How so?

turn 0 : They are implying celebrities do not care about murders

Which type of celebrities are being suggested to not care about murders based on Turn 0?

Answer: Celebrities


Well, I think one of my roles - at least the way I pretty much defined my life and work for 35 years in the academy and was quite lucky in serendipitous ways began teaching at Yale at the time of the moment that's now considered, I guess, the revolutionary moment at Yale with the Black Panthers and Bobby Seale and Erica Huggins and others.

So, I always saw a kind of resistive undercurrent in the university even at its Ivy League level. And I've tried to identify myself in the academy with that resistive undercurrent. And I've tried to maintain an integrity of my public appearances and what I write that never refuses to look at the fact that racism, in my estimation, is more rampant in the United States and globally than ever before.

One can say is the glass half-full or half-empty. I think that's mere casuistry. It seems to me that the glass is empty for the majority of Americans now, not just black Americans, and it's not near any liquid refreshments source that I know of, the foreclosures, the economics of the present time, the war.

It seems to me that Henry Louis Gates Jr.  and Cornel West made a deliberate turn at a certain point in their career and decided, in the case of Mr.  Gates for example, that he was not going to do another profoundly brilliant book in his…

Well, professor, I'm sorry, we have to wrap this up. There's a lot there, but thank you so much, Professor Baker.

turn 1 : And I've tried to identify myself in the academy with that resistive undercurrent." Implicated meaning: The speaker aligns themselves with the idea of resisting systems of oppression and inequality within the academic world.

What idea does the speaker align themselves with in the academy?

Answer: Resisting


The billionaire financier Jeffrey Epstein has been taken into federal custody related to sex trafficking. According to The Daily Beast, who first reported this story, Epstein was arrested yesterday and will appear in court tomorrow to be charged in connection with sex trafficking minors. This comes more than a decade after accusations first surfaced that Epstein had paid dozens of young girls for sex. But he avoided federal criminal charges and significant prison time in a plea deal that continues to draw criticism for its lenient terms. For more on this, we called Pervaiz Shallwani, one of the Daily Beast reporters who broke this story. And he's with us now.

Thank you so much for being with us.

Thank you for having me.

And I'm just going to start by saying that the details may be disturbing to some listeners because this does involve accusations about the treatment of young girls. So, having said that, Pervaiz, as briefly as you can, what are the allegations that first surfaced against Epstein in 2007 and 2008?

turn 1 : The speaker is expressing his appreciation and gratitude for the guest taking the time to be on the show.

What is the reason for PersonB thanking A?

Answer: Guest


Well, that's a big part of the checkout of the - what we're doing for the first month or so is just going through and sort of systematically checking out each part of the rover, all of the science instruments, the basic mobility, capability, the arm, the different pieces just to make sure everything is okay after the voyage to Mars.

And then we'll start doing the science mission and really, in earnest, you know, start exploring the area around Bradbury's Landing. It's - in the case of ChemCam, we also get the benefit with the laser that we were actually able to do some early science measurements, as well. And so, as part of the checkout, we got science data in addition.

Do you have a rock in mind that you want to zap in earnest?

We did, yeah. Well, we actually zapped pretty much the area right around where the rover landed. And it's actually interesting to the scientists because the plume of the rocket engines actually, sort of, scoured out an area on both sides of the rover, which normally Mars is covered, all the surface area is covered, with a lot of dust.

turn 1 : This implies that some science data were also gotten as a result of the inspection of equipment.

How did they acquire additional data during the checkout process?

Answer: Laser


Because banks are saying no, we can't do it?

Banks find the credit cards more profitable than traditional bank loans. Frequently they are able to charge, you know, much higher interest rates. Their interest rates are much more volatile. They can go from a 12 percent rate to a 30 percent rate because of any number of factors that may or may not be beyond the control of consumers and small business owners. You don't get charged for their percent on traditional bank loans.

So, are you getting calls from your membership and are they agitated?What are they saying to you?

I wouldn't say we've been getting a whole lot of calls right now. Mostly because I think - like I said, a lot of small business owners aren't quite sure what to think of the financial bailout. Also, a lot are hunkering down, trying to just weather the storm. And they're focused more on trying to run their business and, you know, make some sort of margin of profit with soaring energy costs and rising health care costs. And now all of this volatility, so they're just trying to, you know, weather through.

turn 3 : Small business owners are struggling to survive amidst rising costs and market volatility.

Which group is facing challenges due to increasing expenses and market instability?

Answer: Small-business-owners


OK. So in a statement, the police lieutenant said that the investigation showed that the only true victim in this was the unborn baby. Is it common to see prosecutions of women for the unintentional death of fetuses that they are carrying?

It's becoming more and more common since the late 1980s, early 1990s, when prosecutors began to charge women for crimes for using drugs during pregnancy. That has spread out to include prosecutions of women who commit all sorts of conduct during pregnancy that harms a fetus. It's included attempting suicide. It's included driving drunk. It's included botching self-induced abortions. And many of us are saying it's gotten to a point where pregnancy itself is being criminalized because so many things that someone does while pregnant can be the basis of a criminal prosecution.

I was just trying to understand, like, what is the legal theory here at work?Is it that women who are pregnant have a higher duty to care?

It's that argument, and it's also the argument that the fetus is equivalent of a child, and therefore, all the laws that protect a child from parental maltreatment would apply to a fetus as well. I should mention most of these cases involve mothers who fail to protect their children from harm, including, in many cases, mothers who are themselves victims of domestic violence and then get charged with crimes for failing to protect their already-born children.

turn 1 : Pregnancy itself is being criminalized due to the broad scope of what actions can lead to a criminal prosecution

What is the argument behind the criminalization of pregnancy?

Answer: Legal-THEORY


We get the impression from the reporting of our colleague Adrian Florido in Puerto Rico that this was - the protests that drove out the governor, they were a protest against the governor but really against the whole political system. And the descriptions you've just given of the various positions would seem to back that up. Does anybody have credibility to take the job?

I think there are people that do have the credibility and that have the experience. But I - it's not clear to me that political leadership has heard the message that has been delivered loud and clearly by the thousands, in some cases hundreds of thousands of Puerto Ricans that took to the street to let, you know, their distaste and their indignation known.

What do you mean they haven't heard the message - meaning that the political leadership doesn't understand how angry people are?

I think that that could be the case, and it is demonstrated by the fact that there are reports of backroom dealing over who could be that next secretary of state that could take over the governor's position.

turn 1 : heard the message meaning seen what was meant by the actions of

How was the political leadership's response to the protests in Puerto Rico?

Answer: Unheard


Asa, reading the article, it sounds like you wanted to get off after the first day.

I wanted to get off after about the third day. I realized once we had moved around a bit that the majority of the experience ended up being waiting, rather than getting on trains or riding them. And the other thing I found is that once you're on board, it's very loud. And even though I had expected to be talking to my father on board, it was really difficult to have conversation. We'd have to kind of shout at each other. And so most of the time I was lying. I'd be reading, or listening to music if possible. And the views we saw were incredible. Some of the most beautiful places I've ever been. But you can only take so much of just lying in the same place, especially when it's very loud and you have to wait on hot tracks for a train to come, not knowing if it's going to be there. And I had had about enough of that after the third day.

We should explain you guys slept in motels, too.

Yeah, that is true.

turn 2 : This turn does not mean that the speaker is proposing to explain that they slept in motels, but rather that they are suggesting to mention it as an additional piece of information to the conversation, which is a different meaning than the literal one.

Which turn suggests that the PersonA's intention is different from the literal meaning?

Answer: 2


The other thing that we're doing is making a mouse that has Beatrice's exact genetic variant so that we may be able to recapitulate what Beatrice has so - you know, with the muscles and that sort of thing - and then study that mouse in great detail. And also. . .

You're - I mean, you're making an actual, physical, fur-covered mouse?

Yeah. In fact, I just saw a picture of four of the pups today. They carry Bea's identical variation. Mice live to be 2, and so if they develop heart problems or vascular problems or other problems, we'll be able to know that - if we're not able to find other Beatrices.

A lot of people, I gather, are very happy for you and certainly, for Beatrice, but is this necessarily a good example for other families that have a sick child?

turn 0 : The speaker is using the mouse as a model to study Beatrice's genetic condition and potentially find treatments for it.

Answer: Mouse


Thanks so much for having me.

I think a lot of people are wondering how could it be that the families of people who are serving their country in the U. S.  armed forces need food assistance.

So when you come into the military, that compensation system has not kept up with how the force has changed and how military families have changed. You're no longer looking at, say, a 17 or 18 year old kid right out of high school with no family who's receiving that base-level pay, right?You're looking at, say, somebody in their late 20s who might have a couple of kids. Well, that income compared to his family size or her family size puts them at a place where they qualify for this food assistance.

What would the change in, as you see it, SNAP benefits mean for military families that receive that kind of assistance?

turn 2 :  A is explaining that the compensation system in the military has not kept up with the changing demographics of the military families. The literal meaning of the words is that military families with larger family sizes qualify for food assistance because their income is not sufficient. However, the implied meaning is that the military compensation system needs to be adjusted to match the changing demographics of the military families.

How is PersonA explaining the reason for military families' eligibility for food assistance?

Answer: Demographics


Now, the beauty of this country, though, is that when you represent those groups, I'd say that they're just really upset with this administration for the things that you pointed out, this is why they get to participate in this process. Now, we have another election. And that's why I believe those who have the boldness and the courage to run for president should also have the boldness and the courage to go to stages that aren't typically their turf.

That is Bob Vander Plaats. He's the CEO of The Family Leader. That's a conservative political organization based in Iowa. He's issued invitations to the top seven polling Democrats to come and speak to his group in July. And he was kind enough to speak to us from Urbandale, Iowa.

Mr.  Vander Plaats, thanks so much for talking to us. Keep us posted about your plans, if you would.

Will do.

turn 0 : Represented groups are unhappy with the current administration but can still participate in the political process

Which political organization is Bob Vander Plaats the CEO of?

Answer: TheFamilyLeader


So let me ask you because eating the supermodel of the fruit world doesn't sound like necessarily a bad thing. You've written a book about this kind of stuff, "Bet The Farm: How Food Stopped Being Food. "Is food part of the problem?Has it become less nutritious?Is it just good-looking and less good for us?

I think that the argument among the dietitians is that, yes, the higher sugar content is robbing food of a lot of its nutritional value. And I also think there is a tradition in America of somehow seeking perfection through our food, that somehow, if we eat right, we will make ourselves mentally and spiritually better. And so, of course, if we see row after row of perfectly glistening, absolutely gorgeous, completely look-alike apples, we think, yeah. I want that.

But fruit is still good for humans?

Of course, eat like your grandmother told you to eat - is probably the best advice.

turn 0 : The fruit is not a supermodel, it is just the perfect, good looking one of the crop.

How would you describe the appearance of the apples mentioned in the dialogue?

Answer: Glistening.


Correct.

And that's the idea?

That's exactly the idea and that's where we are today. So you kind of keep the country in limbo. And you say, as long as there's no election then I get to be president.

Have there been any calls for President Kabila to be investigated, forced to step down, impeached, put on trial for violating the constitution?

turn 3 : (4) Implied Meaning: Is there any pressure on President Kabila to step down or face consequences for his unconstitutional actions?

What consequences is President Kabila facing?

Answer: Consequences


Yes, this is sort of an old issue that the court dealt with about 10 or 12 years ago and sort of settled on a - and that sort of seemed like a compromised position, which was to say you could have a buffer zone around the entrance to an abortion clinic, so patients and doctors could go in and out, but the protestors could stand on the sidewalk and hold signs or protest.

And now the court's going to revisit a Massachusetts law that does something like that, and my impression - my sense of it is is that the conservative justices think this is a little bit unfair to abortion protestors, that they should be able to walk up to somebody on the sidewalk and say here's a pamphlet, or you should reconsider your decision. They're going to allow, I think, a little more leeway for sidewalk protestors to speak to patients.

Another case that will be also closely watched, NLRB versus Noel Canning, and that's about the president's power to so-called recess appointments.

Yes, that's a big sort of a political - in a sense, Washington political story. It's a big deal for the Obama administration because the House Republicans have used their minority and the filibuster rule to block a vote on a lot of Obama nominees for agencies like the National Labor Relations Board and this Consumer Financial Protection Board.

turn 0 : The buffer zone is an area where people can go in and out without coming in to contact with protestors.

Answer: Unknown


I started the business as a hobby. I needed a break from the logical legal work that I was doing every day, and I decided as a creative outlet I'd like to start making spa products as a gift. I contacted a store in Canada, and they sent me some raw ingredients, taught me how to mix some things. I took them in to work, and people really liked them.

People often think of, say, Carol's Daughter, you know, and the spa-product industry being a woman's thing. But I also remember going down to cover Hurricane Katrina and there was a doctor, Dr.  Friedman, who - he and his sons would make soaps and things like that. What spoke to you about this business?Why did you want to do it?

I was looking for a sense of wellness, and I've always tried to take good care of myself. So, one of the things I would do is, I work very hard, but I also take good care of myself in a healthy way. So, one of the ways I do that is by going to spas. I've always been a fan of the product, and I was a great consumer of the product. So, in building my business, I knew exactly what I expected, as a high-end consumer, of the market.

Some people say, OK, spa items, beauty items, those are all things that people will cut in tough times. What have you seen in terms of the past year or so of your business?

turn 0 : Starting the spa business was a way to escape from monotonous work.

Which industry did PersonB mention when discussing the spa-product industry?

Answer: Spa-product


So when he came home, how was he different in how he treated you, related to you, related to family life?

He's totally different. For one, Michael is very quiet. And since he returned, he's even distant, and it's causing a lot of problems in our marriage. And it's just - this war have caused a lot of stress on the wives and the families, they have to deal with these soldiers when they return.

What do you try to do with or for Michael to help him adjust?

I try everything in the world, and it seem like it don't help. Because he have a wall built up, and for one, we don't have enough help here. We only have one clinic that we can go to for counseling and therapy. And it's like two-hour drive away from where we live, so that's a major problem, too.

turn 3 : "He has a wall built up" - The actual meaning of this turn is different from its literal meaning. It implies that Michael has put up emotional barriers that prevent him from opening up or connecting with others, not that he has physically built a wall.

Answer: A


Thanks very much, Sacha.

In her remarks, Ambassador Yovanovitch claims she was told that President Trump had lost confidence in her abilities and there was, quote, "a concerted campaign against me and that the department had been under pressure from the president to remove me since the summer of 2018. "Would you share your thoughts on her claim that the president targeted her before releasing her from the post?

It's an unusual situation for an American ambassador to be removed in any case. It doesn't happen very often. But this is a particularly important case because her central charge in her statement yesterday was that private individuals working with Rudy Giuliani had essentially circumvented her embassy and her position in Ukraine. They'd gone to the White House to make complaints about her that were totally unsubstantiated because she was standing up against corruption in Ukraine. The central point she made yesterday is that government really suffers and our country suffers when private individuals operating for private gain circumvent what is clearly in the interests of the United States.

For anyone who might argue that since the State Department is under the executive branch, the president should be able to fire and hire whomever he wants for whatever reason, how do you feel about that argument?

We serve at the pleasure of the president, so the president, of course, has the right to fire an ambassador. But we're a democratic country, and we're a country of laws. You don't fire an ambassador who is completely innocent. And to have this campaign launched against her, a 33-year veteran of the American Foreign Service - she served her country exceptionally well. I know her.

turn 1 : The president insulted her before releasing her from her job.

What was the central charge made by Ambassador Yovanovitch in her statement?

Answer: circumvented


He is now in Napa State Mental Hospital, he - until he is - can be fit to stand trial. He's been declared unfit to stand trial because of his, you know, he's psychiatrically unable to stand trial at this point. And so he's undergoing compulsory medication to try and get him ready.

And Oikos University, what's happened there, there was something of a decertification.

Yeah. This is a couple months ago, I think, and the school went above - went in front of the regulatory board because the nursing students were passing the statewide nursing exam, like the graduates were passing it at such a low rate. And I think they were put under probation for a while. And I think all of that has been cleared since, though.

And you went back to visit the school a couple of times, and I wonder, you know, the peace park is there, you went to that memorial service and reported five other people were there.

turn 3 : something that was hinted at or suggested, but not directly stated.

Which turn was hinted at or suggested but not directly stated?

Answer: turn3


Yeah.

Well, we'll see what happens with the movie end of it.

Black Francis. He's written a new novel - if that's what you call it - together with Josh Frank and illustrated by Steven Appleby, "The Good Inn. "Thanks so much for being with us.

Thanks a lot. I really appreciate talking to you.

turn 1 :  "We'll see what happens with the movie end of it." This is an idiomatic expression that means they will wait and see how the movie turns out in the future, rather than simply observing it with their eyes.

Answer: Future


Well, the bubbles are held together by this sort of membrane of various things that surround the carbon dioxide that's making the bubble. And when you add something like too much detergent, somebody doesn't really wash out the glass well or some people even rub their nose and then put their finger down.

And this kills bubbles. And the oils - any type of oil, including the ChapStick, Vaseline, et cetera, will actually cause the bubbles to burst. It really destroys the surface tension - makes it uneven and the bubbles burst this way. So it's very interesting to see and it's very obvious on New Year's Eve, generally, women have less bubbles in their glass of champagne than men do for the obvious reason that women generally wear lipstick. On the other hand, this thing I just told you doesn't always work, because just like you can have second-hand smoke, Ira, you can have second-hand lipstick.

So try it out.

I'll tell you. What a pick-up line for New Year's Eve. I am doing a scientific survey of the lipstick around here. Let me ask you a few questions about your lipstick and your champagne. There's an opening.

turn 3 : The speaker is using the scientific survey as an excuse to flirt with the person they are talking to.

Which action is the speaker using as a pretext for flirting?

Answer: survey