I think, at this point, the way to sanitize everything and start to rebuild confidence - and it's going to be difficult - is just for everybody to open up and say, look, here is where we are. Here are the assets that are still on our books. None of that stuff tends to panic people. There's a lot of bad news there, but people are smart enough to realize that, if they're not being told something, it's probably because the news is bad. And I think, once you just get it all out there, it would help quite a bit.

Henry, always great to talk to you.

You, too. Thank you so much for having me.

Henry Blodget is the CEO of the financial news site clusterstock. com.

turn 0 : It is better to be transparent about the negative aspects.

What is the suggested approach for rebuilding confidence according to the speaker?

Answer: Open


That's correct.

. . . Epstein's lawyers. OK, because I was asking about Epstein's lawyers.

Oh. Well, he - they aren't saying anything right now. They haven't seen the charges. So until they see the charges, I don't know how much they really want to say. They want to understand what they're up against to start with.

And so what are the lawyers for the victims saying?

Well, like I said, they were shocked, stunned. I don't think - I think that they suspected that something was happening with the Southern District of New York, which was investigating this and brought the charges. But I don't think they thought that it would happen this fast. I thought they thought it would be a very long process to try to get him. That's what makes me suspect that maybe they have a very good witness on their side.

turn 3 : "they were shocked, stunned" implies they were surprised in a negative way.

What was the emotional response of the victims' lawyers?

Answer: Stunned


So is a bagel just a bialy with a hole in the middle?

It's very different, and the origins of the bagel are somewhat mysterious. There's a lot of folklore around it and variable legends about how the bagel came to exist. But I have decided that we will never know.

Well, it's one of the great mysteries of life, think of it that way. What made the bagel leap from being just kind of New York street food, you know, or maybe Sunday brunch food, across the country?

So it was really, I think, the Lenders brothers, and Lender's bagels are what I grew up in. I grew up outside of Detroit, Michigan, and I thought they were the greatest thing ever. Like you would get six of them in a little plastic tube. And now, like when I think, the taste was awful, but they were early adopters of refrigeration technology.

turn 3 : The speaker is saying that the taste of the bagels was not good, but they were an early adopter of technology, which helped make it popular.

What was the reason for the popularity of Lender's bagels?

Answer: Technology


The premise is that I guess people step into his life when they step into his cab. And he doesn't want to get involved but has to, right?

That's it. I mean, he's abiding maximum life, as it should be with all cabdrivers. I mean, come on. It's please don't get involved with your customers because it can only end in tears. (Laughter).

Will.

(Laughter).

turn 2 : (3) is a short form of "I will," meaning "I understand," indicating agreement with the speaker's sentiment.

Answer: Agreement


Oh, I think these were real friendships. It is pretty clear that Mr.  Epstein and Mr.  Trump socialized in the same circles. And it is quite clear that Mr.  Clinton spent a lot of time on Jeffrey Epstein's private jet, found his way to Epstein's private island. And that doesn't necessarily mean that anything illegal or improper took place.

But those were friendships. This was not people meeting each other in a greeting line. They spent a certain amount of time together as social acquaintances and friends, and so, for that matter, did many other people. His political contributions have been mostly on the Democratic side, but they tapered off or stopped completely when he found himself in hot water in South Florida.

How did Jeffrey Epstein's political profile influence his prosecution?Are these the questions that are being raised now?

They are being raised now. And I think, rather than it being his political profile, I think it was mostly a case of him having money to burn and having all sorts of resources to throw at a dream team of lawyers who were able to essentially dictate the terms to the U. S.  attorney's office when it appeared that he was going to be charged in a federal indictment. We have seen a number of emails which suggest that what Mr.  Epstein wanted he was able to get from prosecutors.

turn 2 : money to burn implies being able to spend money as desired and unnecessarily.

What does Mr. Epstein's financial situation suggest about his ability to spend money?

Answer: Burn.


Well, that's definitely, you know, kind of a hip-hop beat, you know, club beat. What's the music like?

Man, the music, this thing, the box set that I ended up receiving, the music is unbelievable. And that's been part of also this hype that you talked about, too, Farai. Like, how come this game is so popular?Well, you know, they have some of the best musicians, some great independent artists that are on air. So the music soundtrack that you play, you are driving a lot throughout the game, so you can change stations. You can change genres, and so you're discovering new artists and you're listening to some of your favorite artists. And the music soundtrack of this thing is scored like a movie.

I mean, this development cost about a 100 million dollars to develop this game. So this is really showing a monumental shift in the amount of money being allocated to even develop a game. We really haven't heard of numbers this high before. But we're talking about a video-game industry that rakes in about 18 billion dollars a year. So it's not a small industry.

Wow, well, speaking of billions of dollars, they came. They asked. They got a no. We are talking about Microsoft's 44. 6-billion-dollar offer to buy Yahoo!, and Yahoo!said nener nener (ph), and cut an ad deal with Google instead. So, should Yahoo!have taken the offer?

turn 1 : The video game industry is worth a lot of money.

Answer: video-game


Well, Bill Kristol is also a friend of mine. And I think one of the things that is very difficult when you are - he very intensely support - committed McCain supporter. We all have things we would like the election to be about. And Bill, very understandably, would like the election to be about, thank you, Senator McCain, for being right about the surge, as indeed he was right about the surge.

Unfortunately, the voters get to decide what it's about. And from their point of view, it's about financial collapse. And John McCain has never had a consistent message about that. It's way too late now. I mean, that's kind of what you have to do a year before, but that was not a set of issues that interested him. His economic message has never been strong. It's shifted a lot, and so it has been difficult to convey.

I think, at this point, yeah, McCain can talk certainly about national security and how he was right about these issues. It's hard to imagine that when 401Ks are down by 40 percent, when house values in many places are down by 20 percent and more, what voters are going to say other than - well, we'll build a statue to you for the surge, but that doesn't make you entitled to be president.

David Frum is a conservative political writer, a fellow at the American Enterprise Institute, speaking with us again from Washington. David, thank you.

turn 1 : John McCain's economic message is weak and inconsistent.

How would you describe John McCain's economic message?

Answer: A


I, Karen Bass. . .

In May, Bass was sworn in as the first black female speaker of California's Assembly. That post has been called the second most powerful in the state behind the governor.

I recently asked Speaker Bass how she's dealing with her rise in profile and her new level of responsibility.

I felt definitely overwhelmed. But, you know, since May, or really since the election in February, I've just had a tremendous amount of support and welcome and good will. So I'm very excited about serving in the role.

You are someone who has certain interests that particularly are important to you. Foster care is one of them. Tell me about foster care.

turn 1 : Speaker Bass's post is the second most powerful position in California, behind the governor.

What position has been called the second most powerful in California?

Answer: Speaker


I was wondering if we should do - or if such a thing exists, that human microbe projects, like the Human Genome Project.

Yes, there are a variety of types of human microbe projects at this point. So there are two gut projects right now that aim to characterize difference in gut microbes of people around the world. One of those in American Gut and is uBiome. And both of those projects, people can either donate or pay money to have their gut microbes sequenced.

And when they do, they can see what they have, and the scientists are going to see how that relates to what we know. And so in a way that's a beginning step. But what I think we kind of hope for is to have something akin to Mendelian genetics, where we can predict, you know, why you have a specific set of microbes and microbe genes. But we're very far from that still.

In the 30 seconds we have left, how can people get involved if they want their own microbes sampled and surveyed?

turn 2 : Understanding and predicting human microbe genetics is still a long way off.

What is the ultimate goal of the Human Genome Project?

Answer: Prediction


If you thought the fight over the FBI's Russia investigation couldn't get any more contentious, this past week, of course, it did. The White House has refused to declassify a competing Democratic memo that challenges claims made by the Republicans alleging bias and abuse in the FBI. President Trump had given the OK to release the GOP memo. Both documents are products of infighting within the House intelligence committee. Jamil Jaffer was a lawyer in the White House under President George W.  Bush. And he was senior counsel to the House intel committee. He joins us from Colorado today. Welcome to the program.

Thanks. Good to be here, Lulu.

You've called this a, quote, "massive strategic miscalculation on the part of the White House. "Why?

Look. I mean, part of the challenge here is the president is alleging that there was massive corruption at the FBI, at the Justice Department - an attempt to engage in political surveillance. And by allowing one side's memo to come out - the House Republicans' memo to come out - without releasing the House Democrats' memo, it plays into that partisan narrative. And as a result, it discredits the ability to make the point that there was - whether there was or was not, in fact, problems with the FBI.

turn 0 : It would suggest that the documents were physically produced as a result of infighting. However, the intended meaning is that the documents were created due to disagreements or conflicts within the House intelligence committee.

Which committee has infighting resulting in the production of documents?

Answer: Intelligence.


So they're very competent, very professional and, quite frankly, surprisingly good. You know, we've had a tendency in this country to sort of dismiss North Korea as a backward country. But it's not. In the nuclear arena, there are two paths to the bomb. One is the plutonium path. They showed me all of that in 2004 - not very fancy but good enough. And then in 2010, they actually showed me centrifuge facility. That was simply astounding. It was a modern facility, and it was remarkable for them to have that.

One of the goals of these potential talks is the denuclearization of North Korea. Given they've got such capabilities, how likely is it to happen?

Well, first of all, I think it's not very likely to happen. What's significant in the current situation is they've actually said that they would be willing to give up nuclear weapons, you know, if their security is assured, and they're not threatened. However, to think that's going to happen in the short term is just not realistic because to build a nuclear weapons program, it's an enormous number of facilities. It's a large number of people. It took, well, more or less 50 years but particularly the last 25 years to get to where they are today. They're not going to turn that over overnight.

Well, short of full denuclearization, what other steps could North Korea take to prove, you know, its sincerity in this?

turn 0 : North Korea is not as backward as we tend to believe.

What is remarkable about North Korea's centrifuge facility?

Answer: Facility


The real problem is not Donald Trump - seven and a half years of Barack Obama and his agenda. Clear thinking people - and I'm talking about people who are in the middle, not people that are really burrowed in and would never, ever be a Democrat or never ever be a Republican - are looking at it and they're saying, is my life better?Is our country stronger?Do we have a strong standing in the world?Is this economy recovering?Is it a dynamic and robust economy?

Because we know without a dynamic and robust economy, all the other talk is just talk. We've got to have people back to work. We've got to have people looking forward to getting up in the morning and going to work. We got to have people that feel that America really is the leader of the world.

And I just am saying to my Republican friends, look, I get it. I understand that there's certain things that he's said that really you can't ever look that way, but take a look. We're still months away from the election.

Mr.  Kelly, if you were advising Donald Trump - and, you know, he might hear this - is there some magic sentence that he could come up with that would - that would help heal things over?

turn 2 : (3) Implied meaning: Mr. Kelly is suggesting to his Republican friends to give Donald Trump a chance and to wait and see what happens before making a judgement.

How is Mr. Kelly advising his Republican friends regarding Donald Trump?

Answer: Wait


Part of the problem is a shortage of funds. The other problem is here in Lebanon, the government has a very strict rule on refugee settlements - nothing permanent. So, the only thing that you can have is plastic and wood, and that means that families live on dirt floors. Now, aid workers have been working around the clock to deliver thermal blankets and extra food. But the snow closed off some of these mountain roads over the past few days, so many refugees are out of reach until this storm passes.

Let's go back to that seizure of a warehouse of supplies by Islamist rebels, 'cause that certainly seemed to change U. S.  policy. How did that wind up changing Western policy?

Well, the seizure happened last Friday - details are a little hazy. But fighters from some of Syria's most powerful Islamist brigades took over this warehouse. There was more than a million dollars of U. S. -supplied equipment there. According to a U. S.  State Department official, it included nine pickup trucks, four buses, office and communication equipment and 50,000 meals ready to eat - army rations. All of this was intended for the Western-backed Free Syrian Army under the command of General Salim Idris.

Does the fact that the rebels were able to take control of a supply storehouse suggest that this was a huge loss for the Free Syrian Army, which is even further set them back on their heels.

turn 0 : The situation is more dire than what is being reported, as the resources available are not able to meet the needs of the refugees.

What is one reason why refugees are forced to live on dirt floors according to A?

Answer: Funds


Yeah. The O'Neal family says that it shows cold-blooded murder. There is certainly rough language. I saw about nine minutes of one video. I think a lot of civilians might - it's a confusing thing to see. It's a - it's a crime scene after all, and it begins with the police car being sideswiped by a car stolen by the young man. At least one officer thought he'd been shot at.

Right. And it is - it is, among other things - first of all, you do not see the shooting of the 18-year-old because the officer who did the shooting, the fatal shooting, which was a gunshot to the back, was not his - his personal camera, body camera, was not turned on for whatever reason. But you see the vantage point of nine cameras, some worn by police officers, some on the dash boards of the car. And what you see is the kind of adrenaline and mayhem of police officers trying to corner a suspect.

And so when you finally do see Paul O'Neal, he is on the ground, face down. He's being handcuffed. Blood is coming out of his back. An officer has a foot on one of his legs as if to restrain him. And there's confusion because police are saying to each other, did you shoot?Were you shot at?And so there is a kind of mayhem quality.

In the time we have left, police and others have suggested that some of this, once again, an increase in homicide is because many gang leaders have been jailed or killed. How does that follow?

turn 0 : The phrase "cold-blooded murder" implies that the act was done with a clear intention to kill, indicating that it was done without any emotion or hesitation.

Which phrase indicates that the act was done with a clear intention to kill?

Answer: Cold-blooded


Yeah, it did. And when I left, I was so angry at them because I didn't understand. And it wasn't until many years later for me to be able to see where they're coming from.

(Singing) Times have really, really changed, changed.

It feels like the song "Rebel" is a little bit about you, too.

Yeah.

turn 2 : The person singing the song is rebellious and the listener can relate to it

What song's theme does the PersonB relate to in the dialogue?

Answer: Rebel


A clever grounds crew can mean a difference in close games, can't it?

Oh, definitely. Well a grounds crew can tailor the field in very small ways that might impact the outcome of the game. You know, gone are the days of legendary Kansas City groundskeeper George Toma and his ilk - the (unintelligible). They really would tailor the fields in unbelievable ways. They would tilt the foul lines in a certain way so that bunts wouldn't roll foul. They were harden the turf to make it more difficult for players to slide if they didn't want the opposing team to slide.

Nowadays, uniformity is really something that is mandated by Major League Baseball. But there are still small ways. I visited with Trevor Vance, who's the head groundskeeper for the Kansas City Royals. And this was during 2015 - the year they would ultimately win the World Series. And he talked about how he made the infield play very fast - you know, shorter grass - because they had young, athletic infielders. And they felt that that was an advantage for them because they knew that their guys could get to the ball. And the other team probably couldn't.

There's so much joy in your book. But I have to ask, are there bad memories, if not ghosts, at the New Orleans Superdome?

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker is indirectly suggesting that they have personal experience or knowledge related to the topic being discussed, and are subtly trying to convey their expertise without appearing arrogant.

What is the reason for the Kansas City Royals' head groundskeeper making the infield play very fast during the 2015 season?

Answer: Advantage


You had to actually take the thing apart to change games.

Take out the battery and everything to change games.

That would be a drawback.

That's a drawback. And number two - they didn't have any games. There was, like, two games that were worth playing.

turn 3 :  "That's a drawback" - The speaker is not referring to the fact that there were only two games worth playing as a drawback. Instead, they are adding to their previous statement by stating another drawback of the thing they are discussing.

Which statement is the speaker referring to when they say "That's a drawback"?

Answer: Turn2


A lot of people are very skeptical of the talks. The government, before even going to Geneva, voiced their concern that they're not going to Geneva to negotiate or deal. They just wanted to go to Geneva to make sure that the Houthis will comply when the U. N.  see a resolution. So to begin with, the political parties were in Geneva not to talk, not for dialogue, not to negotiate. They were there for blinking contests.

And what's the mood there in the capital?

A lot of people are depressed 'cause pretty much everybody was hoping that there's going to be some sort of a truce, especially now that it's the month of Ramadan. It is the holy month for four weeks where people fast. People - they don't actually have food to begin with. But it's a religious month where people fast, so we were hoping for some sort of a cease-fire, some sort of a truce where the blockade will be lifted so that the aid will come in, so that the commercial vessels now stuck at the seaports will be allowed to move in. Yemen imports 90 percent of its food, so we're in dire need of those commercial vessels to be allowed into the country. Unfortunately, the Geneva talks ended without the lifting of the blockade, without a truce being agreed upon.

We should explain to our listeners that blockade has been led by Saudi naval forces to keep weapons out of the hands of rebels. You have said that you're both anti-Houthi and anti-airstrikes. How do you solve one problem without the other?

turn 0 : (1) "blinking contests" - This phrase is a metaphorical way of describing a situation where neither side is willing to back down or concede to the other, creating a tense and unproductive atmosphere. It does not refer to an actual contest of blinking.

Which month is mentioned as a religious month for fasting in Yemen?

Answer: Ramadan


I mean, anything that - any interest rate right now that's pegged to the federal funds rate, which is a key benchmark rate that many, many credit cards, many, many - some types of mortgages - but also many more types of short-term debts are pegged to, you can benefit a whole lot.

The problem is that if you're already in one of these homes, for example, that's - and you're underwater, meaning that you're house is worth less than the mortgage owner, and you've got poor credit or you don't have enough money or enough equity in the house to be able to refinance, then you're going to run it to a proper and you're not going to benefit.

Whether or not they - that helps the economy overall remains to be seen. I mean, the problem with economics statistics is that many times they lag by a couple of months. And so by the time you find out - by the time a recession is declared, you may have already been in one for about a month or two before you - before the rest of the country actually knows ,you know, some grand proclamation that comes from the Federal Reserve or some economists somewhere that we are in a recession.

We're going to talk a little bit more soon with a realtor in Ohio, your state, about the situation there. But last week, Countrywide Financial was subpoenaed by the attorney general of Florida. It's just one of a number of government agencies investigating the largest mortgage lender.

turn 1 : (2) To be underwater means to owe more money than the asset is worth.

Answer: Owe


I think, at this point, the way to sanitize everything and start to rebuild confidence - and it's going to be difficult - is just for everybody to open up and say, look, here is where we are. Here are the assets that are still on our books. None of that stuff tends to panic people. There's a lot of bad news there, but people are smart enough to realize that, if they're not being told something, it's probably because the news is bad. And I think, once you just get it all out there, it would help quite a bit.

Henry, always great to talk to you.

You, too. Thank you so much for having me.

Henry Blodget is the CEO of the financial news site clusterstock. com.

turn 0 : Being honest about the current situation can help restore confidence

What is the suggested way to restore confidence according to Henry?

Answer: Open


And then I decided to come out. Now it's been going on several hours. I'm several streets away from the Champs-Elysees, Scott, but the people - it's like it's the second revolution coming because people are turning over - they're building barricades in the street. We're still - we've got helicopters overhead. They're still firing tear gas. And everyone around me is wearing a yellow vest.

Now, fuel prices have gone up - I have read, I think - 23 percent over the past year. And protesters blame the government for this.

Well, the government - the French pay some of the highest gas prices in the world, like, about more than $6 a gallon, Scott. And the government says it's going to raise the taxes again in January to finance the transition to an ecological economy - you know, more environmentally friendly fuels.

And, you know, for people who have to drive to work - blue-collar workers, just everyday people - this is outrageous. They say they can't make it anymore, so they've come out into the street. And, Scott, this movement has no leaders. There are no unions behind it. There are housewives. There are retirees - regular people. There are people who have never protested before. So it's turned into a movement. No one knows where it's going to go now.

turn 1 : The unemployment rate is expected to rise to 8 percent, which is a significant increase.

How much did fuel prices increase over the past year?

Answer: 23


And yeah. Like I said, the video can be used for good. And that's why I think the premise of body camera footage is good. But where problems emerge is when government officials and police officials push back against making that footage public because that's the whole reason. The reason is to bring transparency to police interactions. And if government officials push against that, it goes against the entire premise.

One of the very interesting points that you make in your book is that the federal government has investigated alternatives to lethal force and improving police-community relations for decades. I mean, you highlight a report that was commissioned by President Johnson, President Lyndon Johnson in 1967 in response to the Watts riots. And you said that it proposes really not so much an emphasis on technology but an emphasis on relationships, on communication and teaching police officers how to communicate better with the public, how to - it's more of like a - I don't know what word to use. Would you say humanistic approach?And. . .

Absolutely. That's a great word for it.

And that you say that there's - these kinds of - these techniques have never really been implemented because they were deemed to be too expensive. But you also point out that technology is expensive. The police departments spend a huge amount on these technologies that you say don't work. So what - my question to you is, why do you think these techniques have not gotten more traction?

turn 2 : The actual implicit meaning of the turn "absolutely" is agreement and affirmation.

What was the word used by PersonB to describe the approach highlighted in the report commissioned by President Johnson?

Answer: Humanistic


Well, when it first was set up - it was set up to run international finance. And we had a very tightly regulated system of exchange rates and countries - if they wanted to change their exchange rate, had to get permission from the IMF. And so that was - I mean, that's a very powerful role. And this is all countries, this is not just poor countries. And that whole system collapsed in the early 1970s. But since then, as financial crises have proliferated, the IMF has stepped in as the principal emergency doctor for countries in trouble and it tries to figure out how the country has to change its behavior so that its finances get put on a more sustainable basis.

Where did it get its money?

The best way of thinking of the IMF is it's like a credit union that countries put deposits into the IMF, and then the IMF uses those deposits to help countries in trouble. And it's got about 400 billion of deposits and another 400 to 500 billion of borrowings. And that gives it close to a $1 trillion, which it can then apply to helping the poorer members who've got themselves into trouble.

You visited a couple of IMF missions - how popular are they in countries where they've taken a major role?

turn 2 : The best way of thinking of the IMF is it's like a credit union that countries put deposits into the IMF, and then the IMF uses those deposits to help countries in trouble. - Implied meaning: Countries provide deposits to the IMF which can be used to help other countries in need.

What is the purpose of the deposits countries provide to the IMF?

Answer: Help


Right, but it was not my choice to be here. And this is what people forget. I applied for asylum in 27 different countries around the world, and it was the government, the United States government, then-Secretary John Kerry, that canceled my passport as I was leaving from Hong Kong en route to Ecuador. And this locked me in place.

I believe they panicked. And I think the reason that I'm in Russia today is because what we know - this was actually publicly reported in 2013. Every time one of these other countries, one that the United States public would be much more comfortable with - a France, a Norway, a Germany - one of two people would call the Foreign Ministry of that country. And it would be either Secretary of State John Kerry or then-Vice President Joe Biden.

The idea here is they would go, look; we understand that he has been charged with political crimes. This means you don't qualify for extradition, and you almost always do qualify for asylum protections. And the government - we know you can do this, but if you do, we want you to understand there will be a response. We're not going to say what it will be, but it will be severe because we don't want to see the public seeing this guy as a whistleblower, which the public then was coming around to do.

You say the U. S.  government panicked. Did the U. S.  government panic, or just they felt it was important to the national interest of the United States to make certain you - your movement was limited?

turn 0 : This made the person have to stay where they were at.

What was the reason for the person being stuck in one place?

Answer: A


I never approached any of the essayists with ideas in mind in terms of what I wanted them to write about. I wanted them to speak to their own truth to whatever they felt was the most poignant experience for them. And that was it for Nada, and Nada wrote so honestly about what she'd experienced. And it was all tied as well into her own career. It wasn't just about losing Anthony. It was about how all of those different threads came together in her life - the Arab Spring.

And that takes me back to the idea of hopelessness because that's Nada's story. She felt that way, and she was speaking to her own truth. And some of the women have similar feelings about the region, where it's almost like, well, this is just - the losses are too steep.

We mentioned resiliency. Are there other themes that connect these essays?

I think identity is a big one. All of them definitely feel very strongly about where they come from. I tend to say there's this idea of a homeland - and it's quite poetic in the Arab world - where, I'm from here. I want to be telling the story. This is the truth of what's happening in my homeland.

turn 3 : All the essayists feel strongly about their homeland and want to tell its story

Which aspect do all the essayists have a strong connection with?

Answer: Homeland


Do you ever feel that way, you're just so tired of singing, but you know you have to because that song is so closely associated with who you are?

Well "Band of Gold" would be it, but by the time I get to the end of the show, and I'm coming back for that last encore…

(Singing) Now that you're gone, all that's left is a band of gold…

A lot of times, I will do "Band of Gold," and as a matter of fact, I - and I find that it's a good thing because I see people in the audience just light up, like (unintelligible)…

turn 2 : The actual meaning of (3) is, A is expressing a feeling of sadness and nostalgia over the loss of a loved one.

What song does PersonA sing during the show?

Answer: Band-of-Gold


An investigation by the U. S.  Park Police and the FBI found that Mr.  Foster committed suicide. We turn now to Joe Klein. He's a political columnist for Time magazine and, of course, author of "Primary Colors," the 1996 bestseller that featured a charming, philandering rogue of a southern governor and his proud, smart and oft humiliated wife - wonder what inspired that. Is Bill Clinton's personal history a legitimate campaign issue?

No, I don't think so. I mean, we've been through this time and time and time and time again. And there's so many legitimate campaign issues out there. I think that it's kind of a way for Donald Trump to steal a new cycle, as they say these days. I do think that there's an interesting debate going on within the Democratic Party about Bill Clinton's substance of record in the '90s. But that's a different thing.

Tactically, do you see it as a wise campaign issue on Trump's part?

I think people are going to get tired of it. You know, this sort of stuff worked in the Republican primaries. I think that people are entertained by his antics. It remains to be seen whether people are going to vote on him. I mean, you have to understand that we've never seen a candidate like Donald Trump before.

turn 0 : Donald Trump is using Bill Clinton's personal history as a distraction from legitimate campaign issues

What is the U.S. Park Police and the FBI's conclusion about Mr. Foster's death?

Answer: Suicide


In fact, no. My impression is that the fact that these asylum seekers and the poor conditions in which they lived became public, this is shameful and disgraceful for Hong Kong. And that is what makes them a target.

They're trying to get to Canada. And their association with Snowden may be creating problems there?

It's certainly possible. We completed all of their applications and requested urgent treatment because of their vulnerability in Hong Kong months ago. They initially told us that they were expediting the files. And then two months later, they said that they were not expediting the files. But they didn't say why. And this is why we've decided to go before the court to force the government to meet its commitment - one that our clients relied upon. And now they're at the 11th hour facing imminent detention and eventual inevitable deportation, and Canada is the last hope.

And what is your best guess as to what has prompted what seems like a change of heart on Canada's part?

turn 1 : that the asylum seekers may be facing problems in their attempt to get to Canada, due to their association with Snowden.

Which association may be creating problems for the asylum seekers in their attempt to get to Canada?

Answer: Snowden


Mm-hmm. And. . .

. . . because the sound was different.

Yeah. And also, they - when they gave people different kinds of spoons, it affected what they thought about the food.

Oh, they've done all kinds of things. The spoon is actually a gigantic question, not necessarily important, but gigantic.

turn 3 : A implies that the impact of the spoon on people's perception of food is not significant but it is a curious question.

Which object is a gigantic question according to A?

Answer: Spoon


One of the other things you mentioned in the book, among many, is that al-Qaeda might become the world's first terrorist nuclear power without possessing a single nuclear weapon. And I suppose the answer to that is in part what you just were describing.

It is. What's interesting is that the director of the Central Intelligence Agency has said that al-Qaeda is the CIA's top nuclear concern. Now that's a fascinating comment. Obviously, that assessment is based upon intentions rather than capabilities. Insofar as we know, al-Qaeda has no nuclear material, has no knowledge to put together a nuclear bomb, but it is the number one nuclear concern because it is believed that if it had a nuclear bomb, it would use it.

You know, it's been a number of years now, seven since the 9/11 terrorist attacks. Two questions. First is, how did Americans view the threat of terrorism back then, and how do they see it now?And how effective have the agencies like the Department of Homeland Security been in preventing another terrorist attack?

Well, in terms of our perceptions of terrorism, terrorism has been a concern for a long time for Americans. But the concern would spike, of course, in the wake of some spectacular episode, you know. The sabotage of Pan Am 103 in 1988, or the destruction of the American Embassies in Africa in 1998, and then it would quickly diminish.

turn 1 : Al-Qaeda has no nuclear material, but they are the CIA's top nuclear concern.

Which organization is the CIPersonA's top nuclear concern?

Answer: Al-Qaeda


OK.  Let's talk taxes. The latest GOP tax plan sailed through the House of Representatives this week. It's now in the Senate. What will be the greatest challenge there. Could it fail there, or is it likely to pass?They need a win.

Well, they already have - the Republicans already have some problems going on with even some of their most conservative members. So you've got Ron Johnson from Wisconsin who's already said, I won't vote for this bill in the way it stands. Someone like Susan Collins objects to the fact that the repeal of the individual mandate - the health care mandate - has been attached to this bill. So while it passed through the House pretty easily, the Senate is an incredibly different climate. You have people like Bob Corker and Jeff Flake who are a little bit of - you know, they're sticking in the craw of Republican leaderships because they're - you know, they're sort of doing. . .

Deficit hawks. Yeah.

Yes, exactly.

turn 3 : "Deficit hawks. Yeah." - The literal meaning is that Bob Corker and Jeff Flake are concerned about the deficit. The implied meaning is that they are causing issues for the Republican leadership because they may not support the tax plan if it adds to the deficit.

How are Bob Corker and Jeff Flake described by B?

Answer: Deficit


But if a member of the Trump team before the election or after the election was talking to the Russians and saying, all right, we are - want to help you throw the election in our favor, is that illegal?I mean, that's what the implication is here essentially.

Actually, Russians telling Trump officials that they want to help in any way to throw the election would not necessarily be illegal. Now, what you look for then are whether the steps taken to fulfill that purpose are criminal. The crimes that get people in trouble in Washington are generally what happens after an event. You know, this is a city filled with A personality types. They tend to try to take control, and God knows, President Trump is the poster boy for that. That's where you get into trouble is when people make false statements to federal investigators or they obstruct an actual proceeding. But in terms of alleging collusion like it's a standalone crime, I am afraid that dog won't hunt.

That's Jonathan Turley. He's a law professor at George Washington University. Thanks so much.

It's my pleasure.

turn 0 : "That's where you get into trouble is when people make false statements to federal investigators or they obstruct an actual proceeding."

Which type of action gets people in trouble in Washington?

Answer: Obstruction


No, I was never asked. But I did offer in a made-for-TV. No, just kidding (laughter).

Even if you're not helping to prepare Hillary Clinton for the debate, would you give her any advice on how to - if I might put it this way - provoke Donald Trump?

Oh yeah, that's easy. Yeah, I mean, look, Donald Trump has got unlimited number of insecurities. But the No. 1 one thing, I would say, is his insecurity with his intellect. There's a reason why he always refers to where he went to college and, you know, that I'm a smart person.

You know, it may be narcissism. But I think it really reflects an insecurity. And if I was in a debate against him, I wouldn't do it all the time. But I'd pick my spots just to smile and shake my head, you know, and make sure he sees it because that will drive him nuts because it'll be just a passive-aggressive way to question his intellect.

turn 3 : (4) Indicates that the speaker would use passive-aggressive tactics to undermine Donald Trump's confidence.

How would the speaker provoke Donald Trump?

Answer: Passive-aggressive


She - of all the characters I've written, she's the only one who came to me sort of fully formed. At the start of the book, she's six years old. And to me, she's sort of this very curious, trusting, defiant young girl whose chief attribute is this kind of rebellion against unknowing. She wants to know as much as possible. And the central arc of the book is essentially her life and how her desire to know - her curiosity is sort of used against her during this war.

Sarat is forced to flee with her family, and she ends up in a vast refugee camp where she gets recruited, essentially. She becomes a weapon in this civil war, and she's kind of transformed by hate. She seems like she's not exactly a heroine that you'd read about in "The Hunger Games" but something rather darker.

Yeah. I didn't want to write a book with good guys and bad guys and a clear dividing line between them. The idea behind writing it when I first started had to do with the idea of the universality of revenge. There's no sort of foreign way of suffering - that any of us subjected to enough evil will become evil ourselves.

Is this a book about how someone becomes a terrorist?

turn 3 : The literal interpretation of this question implies that the book focuses on the process of someone becoming a terrorist. However, the actual meaning is that the book explores how an individual, in this case the character Sarat, is forced into extreme circumstances that lead her to become involved in acts of violence during a civil war. The intent is not to justify terrorism but to examine the transformation and complex motivations behind such actions.

What is the intent of the book's exploration of Sarat's involvement in acts of violence during the civil war?

Answer: Exploration


Thanks for being with us, Scott. The president, of course, was in Paris this week. He was president Macron's guest for Bastille Day. There'd been some attention in this country which would affix President Macron as somehow a different figure than President Trump. The two of them seemed to get on very well. There seemed genuine rapport.

That's right. I think if this improves relations, it certainly improved body language when it comes to President Trump in Europe. You know, there were so many images at the G-20 of Trump just looking isolated, big policy announcements put out by every country except the United States. So I think Macron sensed an opening here. He saw that Trump needs a friend, an ally, a wingman - whatever you want to call it - in Europe.

And Trump has a long track record of responding when people show him respect and welcome him. There's certainly nothing more welcoming than a big parade being put on, so this seemed to work. They seemed to get along. The question is, does this get Trump to shift on any of the key policy differences?Starting with climate change, where they could not be any further apart.

There was a phrase in the press conference where he said, well, maybe there will be something with the Paris accords, right?

turn 1 : Macron sensed an opening here. He saw that Trump needs a friend, an ally, a wingman - whatever you want to call it - in Europe." Implicated meaning: Macron recognized an opportunity to establish a closer relationship with Trump because Trump lacks strong support or alliances in Europe.

How did Macron view Trump's need for support in Europe?

Answer: Opening


Few years ago, I was fortunate enough to address a convention of political cartoonists in the United States. And they kept pointing out, you know, we used to have a lot of people here. Now we're down to just a few dozen.

I know. And I've been to those conventions. And I'm actually a member of the board of the Association of American Cartoonists (ph). And I've been always struck by their pessimism (ph). But I'm still very positive about the genre. In this world of short attention span, the power of images has never been so big. And it's also a time when the media need to renew themselves.

But we must stop being afraid of offended people because the whole controversy that was triggered a month ago by that cartoon, I think it should have encouraged a discussion, explaining why this cartoon was wrong, how it's run, what is cartooning, and there was no space for that. I think The New York Times had to deal with a huge storm triggered by social media. We need to be able to withstand this and to go back to putting things into perspective.

Patrick Chappatte, editorial cartoonist, thanks so much for being with us.

turn 0 : The convention of political cartoonists in the United States has significantly decreased in attendance.

What did the political cartoonists point out during the convention?

Answer: Attendance


Why they're talking about it is because they feel they have to talk about it. The government of Bangladesh wants the bulk of these people to return. They also would be feeling some domestic pressures in this area, as well. And the government of Burma, I think, is feeling some of the pressure from the international community and feels some need to be responsive. But the real story here is this is horrifying, this discussion, to be taking place right now, given the complete absence of measures in place to ensure safety and security upon return.

As I understand it, the Rohingya, according to this agreement, will be moved from the camps in Bangladesh to a camp in Myanmar where there could be security concerns.

Oh yeah, there are no safeguards in place. There - been no serious discussion of safeguards for return. You have to realize that we're talking about one of the greatest crimes in recent memory - massive abuses, forced relocation of hundreds of thousands of people in a matter of weeks.

There's problems, obviously, with monitoring the situation. The government won't let - of Myanmar - won't let international monitors in. And, in fact, the top U. N.  official responsible for human rights was barred from the country. Is that right?

turn 0 : The situation is horrifying because no safety measures have been put in place for the return of the Rohingya.

Which group of people is being discussed in the dialogue?

Answer: Rohingya


Well, you know, performance is really one of making sure you understand and document what's expected of you in your given role. One of the mistakes I see many professionals make, minority or otherwise, is they don't document and understand really what's expected of them.

And so they go throughout the whole year performing at what they may thing is the optimum level, only to get to the end of the year and find out that they've missed a mark. They're not doing one-on-ones or meetings quarterly or monthly with their manager, and so it's really important that if, you're going to track your performance that you understand what's expected, but more importantly that you follow up to make sure that you're on course.

Now, you have these performance evaluations in some cases, and is that a 100 percent of your success?How much are we talking about?

Yeah, I'm a big believer that success in corporate America, that performance really accounts for 50 percent of that. And what I mean by that is if you go back to childhood, most of what we were taught as children was you are rewarded based on how well you performed.

turn 3 :  "I'm a big believer that success in corporate America, that performance really accounts for 50 percent of that" - The literal meaning is that performance is half of what determines success, but the actual meaning is that performance is important, but not the only factor, in determining success.

How much of success in corporate America does performance account for?

Answer: 50%


Yes. Britain put trade restrictions and taxes on tea being shipped to the colonies. And this led to everyone's favorite act of cultural appropriation and vandalism, the Boston Tea Party. But it also inspired a lesser-known tea party - the Edenton Tea Party in North Carolina. And what's remarkable about the Edenton Tea Party is that it was all women - possibly the first women-driven political protest in U. S.  history.

And I guess we can keep beating up on the British for just a moment here.

(Laughter) Why not?

The Brits were also behind the Opium Wars.

turn 2 : A humorous response indicating agreement with continuing to criticize the British.

How did PersonA respond to PersonB's suggestion to keep criticizing the British?

Answer: Laughter


Well, the main thing is it's this stew of ingredients that really never quite come together right. We have people from all over the world who come here to visit and to party and it's a lot of them just to live or to get away from something. Then we have the fact that it's basically a swamp. I mean, I live in a swamp. Right now, we have an infestations of Burmese pythons, gigantic snakes, roaming around the Everglades, and it just never, ever calms down. down here.

You make it sound like it's a city that's been only nominally reclaimed from the wilds of swampland.

It hasn't been reclaimed. When I first moved here, the first day of my life as a homeowner in South Florida, I walked out onto my lawn to get the newspaper, and on my lawn were crabs. Like, not just a few but hundreds and hundreds of crabs, and they were not happy about me being there because it turns out it was crab mating season. And they were, like, waving their pinchers at me, like, angrily, like, I wanted to mate with their women. I didn't want their women. Their women are crabs, you know. But they didn't know that - or maybe they were bitter about that. I don't know. But I remember sprinting back into my house barefoot, afraid to go out and get the paper. I thought where I have I moved?I lived in Pennsylvania. We had crabgrass. But here we have crabs.

You really love Miami, don't you?You're from Pennsylvania, but you really love Miami.

turn 0 : stew of ingredients implies that the people that live there come from varying backgrounds

Which kind of animals were roaming around the Everglades according to turn 0?

Answer: Pythons


You know, you've been criticized on both sides of the aisle, as they say now. I think some scientists are saying: Why did you publish - why didn't you publish it in legitimate, peer-reviewed journals first?

Oh, we're following the - I mean, we're following the tradition of science, which is that you distribute this widely to your peers before you publish it. Jim Hansen does the same thing. He puts his papers online. This is a tradition in the field.

Peer review means you present results in a public forum, you distribute pre-prints. Most of my important papers were widely distributed to other scientists far before they appeared. It's the best kind of peer review.

And you challenge anyone to come up with a better explanation.

turn 1 : "Oh, we're following the - I mean, we're following the tradition of science" - The actual meaning is that the speaker is defending the decision to not publish in peer-reviewed journals by saying it is a common practice in the scientific community, even though it may not be the best practice.

How is the speaker justifying their decision to not publish in peer-reviewed journals?

Answer: Tradition


I think that - you know I think that there a lot of lower pay guys who are, you know, for contracts who are taking - because in other words, you're getting it from somewhere, and this - the money that they're getting paid now is coming from last year. You know, that's what baseball does. I think we will see, next year, we'll begin to see the push back in terms of the long-term contracts, which contracts are taking a hit. But right now, as long as television is there and fans are, you know…

Well, yeah, but are the fans going to be there?Because I'm hearing that the NFL, NBA, major league baseball fans, they're worried that - the clubs are worried because people - season ticket holders who keep thing - whole thing going they may not be re-upping the way they've been in the past.

And that's when you will see - you will see the effect of that next year. You know, right now, baseball is still going on in terms of the salaries. They're going on last year's income, which was record-setting. Now, if they've got a downturn at the turnstile, you were going to see it next year. This time next year, we could be talking about some serious, you know, shrinking, withdrawals, you know, there could be a couple of teams that aren't cutting it. And I'm talking about…

That was danger.

turn 2 : If they began to lose money steadily then they would change their pay.

Which turn implies that the clubs may not be able to re-up season ticket holders?

Answer: Second


How does your - your vaccine has two parts. Walk me through them.

Well, the approach that has proven successful in our hands is to essentially deliver a one-two punch with our vaccine. We prime the immune system by using a genetic vector that delivers the hemagglutinin in isolation into the muscle.

Once that DNA is introduced into the muscle, it just makes the viral hemagglutinin and induces an immune response to it.

Let me jump in right here because this part I really want to understand. So you put DNA into our bodies, and then what happens exactly on the cellular level?

turn 1 : one-two punch implies that the vaccine works through a series of actions to produce a result

Which phrase suggests that the vaccine has a multi-step process?

Answer: punch


President Trump hired a personal attorney this week, presumably to give him advice about the Russian investigation. Are others in the White House lawyering up?

A lot of people. In fact, two sources told me this week Don McGahn is going to need a lawyer himself. He's likely to be a witness in whatever investigation there is moving forward in Russia. Even if these folks have no legal jeopardy, it's really expensive and distracting for them to need legal advice. This happened under President Bill Clinton and President Ronald Reagan. It's likely to drag on for a long time.

Don McGahn, to be sure, has defenders in Washington, D. C. , who are very impressed by him. Aren't they?

Yeah. You know, there's been a lot of praise in some circles for the people he's hired to work in the White House, the young lawyers working underneath him - seven former Supreme Court clerks, graduates from Ivy League law schools at the top of their game. And then there's this. It's hard to tell from outside the Oval Office whether Don McGahn is giving President Donald Trump all the right legal advice and President Donald Trump is just ignoring him.

turn 3 : The implied meaning of this turn is that other members of the White House may seek legal counsel in light of President Trump's actions.

How might members of the White House respond to President Trump's hiring of a personal attorney?

Answer: Lawyer


It's significant because you have a journalist who's killed in the line of duty doing some investigative work into a story he wanted to write. And as far as we understand, the people that he was investigating put out a hit on him, and he was killed. I mean, that's a very chilling reminder that we do - sometimes do dangerous work. And the project's main mission is to tell those people, if indeed they are the ones responsible, that you cannot kill the message by killing the messenger.

There has been a confession, hasn't there?And yet you remain unsatisfied. Why is that?

Well, the person who confessed was a very low-level member of the Your Black Muslim Bakery. He was a handyman. He originally told police he did not do the crime, and then after he was led to - he was allowed to meet privately with the bakery CEO, a 22-year-old named Yusuf Bey IV, this guy basically convinced him to confess. Now, whether or not he did the crime or not, we don't know. What we do know is, is that he did not do this by himself, as he has told police.

Now, what would you say is the latest in the ongoing investigation?Or is the investigation ongoing, since the police had someone who confessed, although your organization doesn't necessarily buy it?

turn 0 : Journalists sometimes face danger, and killing them won't stop the truth.

How does the journalist's death serve as a reminder?

Answer: chilling


I had always written about my mother. I started writing in college in a creative writing class. And some of the first stories I wrote were talking about different disagreements that we had. But what was important was the kind of larger struggles that were embodied in those arguments. I just published an essay about the conception of this book, and I talk about the issue of hair and how the struggle of hair between black mothers and black daughters is fraught with all of these racial tensions that are basically absorbed from the larger culture.

So I had always written about my mother as a way to write about these larger issues and about immigration and gender and motherhood. And during the time that my mother's health took a turn for the worse, I was a grad student at Columbia in their MFA program. And actually, it was the last day of school. And we had our graduation ceremony. And I found out that my mom was, you know, had a few months to live.

So I pretty immediately - because I was done with school - packed my things up. I quit the job that I had and moved back to Philadelphia and basically spent the last six months with her. It was, you know, it's an around-the-clock job. It's very draining. And at the end of the day, the only thing I had time to write were basically one paragraph or sometimes a sentence - reflections. And I just started collecting them in this folder. And I didn't tend to do anything with them, but they all started to fit together in this large story.

I want to have you read from one of those vignettes, Page 31.

turn 1 : "had always written about my mother as a way to write about these larger issues" Actual meaning: The speaker wrote about their mother to explore broader topics such as immigration and motherhood. Non-literal meaning: None.

How did the speaker use their mother in their writing?

Answer: Explore


Hello.

So, John, I've got my iPhone here. I downloaded this ap last night. Let's give it a little bit of a test run, and we should tell our listeners here, there's going to be a bit of an interference with the microphone.

But let's take the example that I just used and give it a shot. So, Thai food, Los Angeles. I say that into my phone. It does a little working and processing, and next thing you know, it's popped up a list of all of the closest Thai Restaurants to me with phone numbers. It's pretty cool. How does this work?

Usually pretty well. It's also one of my nightmare scenarios as a bicyclist that people like you will be driving all over the place looking at your iPhones.

turn 2 : when something "pops up" in this context it means it came up

What did PersonB say about Thai food and Los Angeles?

Answer: Thai-food


My best friend grew up in the Philippines and celebrated Christmas in a really bizarre fashion - without Santa at all. On his first holiday in the United States, a relative happily shouted, come look what Santa did. And Joe froze, sure that someone had stolen all his toys. Well, how was I supposed to know, he told me. No one ever broke into our home to give us things.

This year, Emmeline is increasingly interested in these fledgling magical mysteries of childhood. We read "The Night Before Christmas" every day now, and I figured, if Emmeline could buy into the story of wingless, flying reindeer, she'd eventually come around to the notion that the fat guy from the mall could fit through a tiny gas pipe. In a family of jaded atheists, it was the true miracle of Christmas.

At the fireplace, Emmeline inspected the hole again, poking a hesitant finger through the opening. She looked up with unblinking eyes and asked, Santa fits in there?I nodded, whispering, Santa can do anything. Emmeline paused for a moment, smiling hopefully. But mommy said he just climbs in the window. At least we have another day to get our traditions straight.

Mike Adamick lives in San Francisco with his wife and their pint-sized doubting Thomas.

turn 3 : when something is pint-sized in this context it means something is very small

What does "pint-sized" mean in the context of Mike Adamick's family?

Answer: Small


As I say, I'm not doubting too much that Iran had a hand in this thing. Their motive is I think quite clear. We are in the middle of a signaling process that is going on. The United States is actually cracking down on Iran so that, basically, Iran not only can't sell oil. It can't sell its refined products. And, increasingly, Iran's closed out of international markets for just about anything that they produce.

So we are basically putting Iran under siege, and they're going to try to strike back at some point. So if I were sitting in Iran and thinking about what I could do, making the cost of oil higher for the rest of the world is a pretty interesting way of responding and saying, you can't do this cost-free.

Where do you see this going?Given that you've identified that the administration is engaged in a policy of trying to isolate Iran, diplomatically and economically, to achieve what it would consider better terms in the Iran nuclear deal - so is there any scenario in which you can see this tactic bringing Iran back to the negotiating table?

If the United States wants to do that, they're not going to succeed by just piling on the pressure until Iran collapses. Iran won't collapse. They've been through some very tough times - including a war with Iraq, which was far more dangerous to them than the threats that we're putting against them now - and they didn't crack.

turn 1 : The United States' policy of isolating Iran will not bring Iran back to the negotiating table by just piling on pressure until Iran collapses.

How will the US policy of isolating Iran bring them back to the negotiating table?

Answer: Not


So we've now been looking at harmless bacteria, so - and we've been using that as a model system. So there's, I think, two major interests. One is a biological one, a microbiological one, is understanding bacteria better. And so it turns out there's also a number of pathogens that wear these coats, and so we would really like to look at what they look like and how they're able to interact with the host. And another interest is that because they are these highly ordered structures - and really the proteins, they assemble themselves, and that's a property that material sciences are interested in. So it's those -both those aspects that are interesting.

If the bacteria have this chainmail that surrounds them, how do nutrients and things get in and out of them?

So it - there you can really compare it like a chainmail. A chainmail is also not just like the armor that we probably know. It is little rings sitting next to each other, and they have holes. The nutrients get across those holes.

And does - do - does the chainmail look the same on all different kinds of bacteria, or are there distinctive patterns on some?Could you say, oh, I recognize that one?

turn 0 : "another interest is that because they are these highly ordered structures - and really the proteins, they assemble themselves, and that's a property that material sciences are interested in" - The actual meaning is that the ordered structures of the bacteria's protein coats are of interest to material sciences, not that the bacteria themselves are materials.

How are the ordered structures of the bacteria's protein coats of interest to material sciences?

Answer: Protein


I mean, imagine you go into the polls believing that migrants, refugees in general, receive much more sort of support than our pensioners and that migrants are violent and rape women and that climate change isn't real. Like, if you actually believe all those things because you have been lied to, I believe that clearly shifts your, at least, voting intention - maybe even stay home 'cause you lost trust in democracy or nearly is altogether. And that is a real threat. It's not just, oh, on the day before the elections, there's a fake news about your voting station. That's not what we're seeing.

What we're seeing is, like, long-term disinformation campaigns with the aim to drive us apart, to deceive us. And as a democracy, we need to stand up and, right now, say, now we vote even more because we believe that democracy's our strength, and we will not be manipulated by this type of behavior.

Christoph Schott, thank you.

Thank you very much. There was a joy.

turn 0 : Believing false information can impact voting decisions and democracy.

Which aspect of democracy is emphasized in the statement?

Answer: Strength


But Alaphilippe seems to be digging deeper every day. He's a former soldier. And he's extremely tough, really affable, straight-talking. The things he's done - they've set on fire the passions of the people, really. He's just sort of gone on a rampage - these break-for-the-border dashes for the finishing line. And he's succeeded three or four times, and everybody's talking about him.

And then there is another Frenchman who is one of the favorites to win the race. Tell us about him.

That's right - Thibaut Pinot, very different, a very emotional man. And he fell into a trap a few days ago and lost a bit of time. But he's still in with a very big shot. So he's vowed to fight back on Saturday and may well get back into a position. Thibaut Pinot is about 28, 29 years old. He hasn't raced here for a while. He'd been racing in Italy. He really is a very, very popular man. And if he does win the Tour de France, he will be the most popular man in France.

Now, as we've said, the race is just past its halfway point, and a Frenchman has not won the Tour de France in 34 years. So what's the attitude and sentiment like among people in these small French towns where the cyclists are whizzing past?

turn 1 : The people have seen what he is capable of and believe he posses the skills and abilities to win.

How do the people feel about the Frenchman's chances of winning?

Answer: A


Switching gears, we have been talking on the show and online about the major economic woes facing Detroit. What's been the response on our blog?

Yeah, we're talking about the price of a home sold in Detroit going down to $7,500. And a reader named Deuce Bollards wonders, quote, "What will happen to the Lions, the Pistons and Tigers?If they bite the dust, that will be the saddest part of this story. "I don't necessarily agree. There's a lot of other sad stories (laughing) other than Detroit's sports teams. . .

Well, that's true, but, you know.

Going down. But, you know, as our blog winds down, in the show's final week, we have links to all of our network of bloggers and those conversations will continue there.

turn 0 : They are talking about the econominc troubles that are happening in Detroit.

What is the topic of discussion in Detroit?

Answer: Economictroubles


And Kellie, I hear a child behind you. May I ask, are you in a clinic?

Yeah. So I'm inside the health clinic at the refugee settlement.

OK. So you have a clinic set up to deal with Ebola cases. You also have, as you say, thousands of Congolese crossing the border every couple of weeks into the settlement where you are. What is the level of worry that you might get more cases?

People are very worried. I think until the outbreak stops in DRC, then the chances that new cases arrive in Uganda is very high.

turn 1 : The speaker is in the health clinic at the refugee settlement.

Which clinic is the speaker currently in?

Answer: Health


Well, we don't have a clear answer on that. That's not something that either side is answering in black and white. But the unusual nature of this information sharing certainly raises that question again with Manafort. And Manafort of course does face the possibility of spending the rest of his life in prison with the conviction in Virginia and then the plea deal in Washington. And the president certainly didn't do anything this week to try to head off talk of a possible pardon.

No, he - in fact, he said that's still on the table. Why should I take it off the table, right?

Exactly. exactly.

And a March 5 sentencing date for Paul Manafort, right?

turn 1 : "Why should I take it off the table, right?" - The literal meaning is that the president is questioning why he should remove the possibility of a pardon from consideration. The actual meaning could be that the president is still considering a pardon for Manafort.

What did the president say about removing the possibility of a pardon for Manafort?

Answer: No


Do you have any concern, Mr.  Levin, that if some of these alternatives you're talking about are used more frequently that you might have a situation where - and I'll be apocryphal here - a white college kid with access to means and a good lawyer can get a very light sentence and a kid from the inner city that lacks both will still have the book thrown at him.

Well, you know, that is an interesting question because this decision by the attorney general was one based on discretion. The public has as very low opinion of elected officials and so it's certainly the case is if you don't think much of Congress, you wouldn't want Congress' judgment to be substituted for your own if you're on the jury, especially given that it's the jury that has access to the specific facts of the case.

And certainly, though, as you mentioned, race should absolutely not be considered and we need to make sure every offender has quality representation for those who have appointed counsel. Ideally, they could have some say in choosing their own counsel with some type of voucher or something so we can make sure they get vigorous representation in court, that evidence that may exonerate them is presented.

Marc Levin is director of the Texas Public Policy Foundation Center for Effective Justice speaking with us from Austin. Thanks so much.

turn 0 : The white college kid may be able to get away with a lighter sentence due to their access to resources and legal representation, while a kid from the inner city will not have the same opportunity.

How might race affect sentencing outcomes in the scenario discussed in turn 0? (Answer: unequally)

Answer: differently


When I got toward the end of my research, I tried to contact all the women that I had spoken with and just said, hey, would your husbands be willing to talk?The interesting thing about it was when I spoke to the women, they were all so enthusiastic and passionate. When I talked to their husbands, they were really nice, but they were so clearly disinterested in the topic. It wasn't that they didn't know that their wives are never frustrated with them. It just didn't seem particularly important to them. And I don't mean to imply that they were cold to their wives or indifferent to their wives. It just really didn't register as such a big deal.

Like a fact of life - like, this is just the way things are.

Yes, absolutely. In fact, one of the women that I interviewed said to me, my husband sees we have an issue with this. But he considers it my problem. So he says to me, there's really nothing I can do, and it would be helpful if you weren't so bothered by this.

Wow. Let me ask you this. The amount of child care that men take on was actually rising in the 1980s and '90s. But then we did see it level off. So what happened?It seemed like we were sort of making some progress in this issue.

turn 0 : The word 'Cold' does not literally mean they are cold and chill, it has the implied meaning that they are not in good terms

How did the husbands react when they were asked to talk about the issue?

Answer: Disinterested


For many people in Hollywood, Weinstein's behavior did not come as a surprise. Rumors had circulated for years, and that gossip network helped warn some women away from him. Anne Helen Petersen is Buzzfeed's culture writer. She argues that gossip has a vital purpose, especially in Hollywood.

You know, I don't think that all gossip is progressive or feminist. You know, gossip is a major way of policing women's behavior. But at the same time, gossip about which men are dangerous, which men you shouldn't go on to lunch alone with - that sort of information is currency that women use to protect one another.

And in this last week, a document surfaced that was essentially a burn book for men in - who work in the media. The contributors are women who work in the industry, and the accusations are anonymous. They're unsubstantiated. The complaints range from rape to being unsupportive of female colleagues. It's a real range, and it puts illegal behavior, in a way, on the same level as dislikable and unfair behavior. So when does gossip become destructive and more about maligning people than really identifying serious abusers?

This is the - you know, with the thing about gossip networks, sometimes called whisper networks, is that the reason that they work is because you know the woman who is saying the thing to you. So I can - when someone says to me, this is what type of guy this is, I can decide what to do with that information based on that woman.

turn 1 :  "gossip is a major way of policing women's behavior" - The actual meaning is not that gossip is used to regulate women's behavior, but rather that it is often used as a tool for spreading information about potentially dangerous men, helping women protect themselves.

How is gossip used in Hollywood to protect women?

Answer: Warn


So we're getting 40 new mutations per generation in these 2,000 necessary genes for intelligence is what you're saying, and over the millennia, these things add up.

Exactly. I mean, that is - you made one jump there that is not correct, and that is that the new mutations are not necessarily in the intelligence genes. They're just spread out randomly over the genome.

I see.

They have a certain probability of hitting these - this group of genes that are the cognitive genes so that among those genes, we know that they behave like links on a chain, that is if any one of them is mutated there is a cognitive problem.

turn 2 : I see means in this context I understand

What did PersonA say about the probability of hitting the cognitive genes?

Answer: Randomly


Curative instruction meaning, I'm sorry I said that. Disregard that.

Exactly. Yeah, I made a mistake - mea culpa. I shouldn't have said that. Please disregard what I said and don't hold it against the counsel for either of the parties.

Dramatic testimony from Richard Gates, Manafort's former business partner, this week who essentially said, look. Paul Manafort's a crook. And I know because I am, too. And we schemed together to steal money. That's an argument the defense can turn against the prosecution in a way, though, too, isn't it?

Absolutely. So what the defense may try to do is say, what we're dealing with here is a criminal, a dishonest individual from start to finish. He is being sponsored - his testimony is being sponsored by the government. But you can't trust him. After all, look at all the things he's done. He's stolen, in fact, not only from others but from his own business associate, Mr.  Manafort.

turn 1 : A takes responsibility for their mistake and doesn't want it to reflect on the counsel

How did PersonA respond to their mistake?

Answer: Mea.


That's right. They said they would, and they're going to do it. Universal background checks for gun buyers is one of the bills they're going to vote on. These are measures with broad public support, many having arisen since the most horrific mass shootings we have seen in recent months and years.

Senator Bernie Sanders entered the 2020 race for president this week - I think $6 million he raised within 48 hours or something. But he touched off a recurrent question about if he's really a Democrat in all ways, maybe. This week, he refused to call Nicolas Maduro a dictator.

You know, terminology and labels are not ultimately where people live, but they can have meaning and effect when it comes to campaigns. We certainly saw that in 2016. Sanders only calls himself a Democrat when he's seeking to be the party nominee for president. The rest of the time and in Congress, he calls himself an independent. And that may be more accurate.

The phrase democratic socialist that Sanders uses a lot - that has quite a few fans, especially among younger voters, who seem to take this word socialist in stride. Older voters still remember the years when to be a socialist was to be on the wrong side of the Cold War in many people's minds. And voters of all ages will be taking part in those primaries and caucuses starting in less than a year.

Thanks so much. Ron Elving, thanks for being with us.

turn 3 : "The phrase democratic socialist that Sanders uses a lot - that has quite a few fans, especially among younger voters, who seem to take this word socialist in stride." - The literal meaning of this turn is that Sanders' use of the term "democratic socialist" has garnered support among young voters who are not put off by the term "socialist." The actual meaning is that the speaker is noting a generational divide in how voters perceive the term "socialist."

What is the term used by Sanders that has quite a few fans among younger voters?

Answer: Democratic-socialist


Some people are afraid that the extradition law will basically legalize kidnapping by the Chinese state. And that has already happened with several booksellers in Hong Kong being whisked away and mysteriously reappearing in Chinese detention. And so if this law is to pass, people fear that that will no longer be a news item or will just be a regular thing.

And to that question of how this bill is being rammed through, you know, what about that?Is there something about the way this bill is being, you know, processed, is extraordinary?

There are widespread complaints that there was no real public consultation about this. The legal sector, thousands of lawyers came out in force just this past week, and they marched in black in silence. And these are the people who would understand the law the best. And yet, the government has told them repeatedly that no, you lawyers don't understand the bill at all. And so that just shows that the government isn't really listening to the people, and people are feeling that. And that's why they took to the streets.

And, you know, authorities in Hong Kong did release a statement in response to the protests. What did it say?

turn 2 : The Hong Kong government is ignoring public opinions.

How is the Hong Kong government responding to public opinions?

Answer: Ignoring


Yeah. That really happened.

I believe you - popping ibuprofen before going out to dance to stop the pain, wearing high heels all day. You had it bad.

I really did. I was a little bit of a slave to heels, and I don't think I even knew it.

Why is that?Why do you think you like them so much?And obviously you're not the only one. A lot of people like them.

turn 2 : She wore her high heels no matter what the pain she endured from them.

Answer: Continuously


I can imagine someone being stunned for a moment by being struck by an object, especially at a high speed like that. But I don't understand that because if there was over a minute when the throttle was advanced farther than it should've been and - you know, things happen when you're an engineer. You should be used to them. So I - it doesn't really seem to me like that's a probable cause, but we'll have to wait and see.

I don't have to tell you, Mr.  Hughes, that the crash and the deaths of eight people have set off a debate - those who say the derailment says Amtrak needs more money, others who say Amtrak isn't - is wasting a lot of the money that it gets. Recognizing there are no guarantees, would greater government funding have perhaps meant this derailment wouldn't happen?

It might have. The thing that is important here is Amtrak doesn't have any discretionary money. Every penny they get goes into something that's really important, especially capital money like this. And so I would think that money played some part in it in that when Amtrak has to do large projects, they have to space them out in smaller parts over multiple years. And I don't know the facts in this case, but I do know that that is true with a number of large capital projects. You just can't do them quickly 'cause the funding isn't there.

When you were in charge, Mr.  Hughes, did you find it hard to get funding for Amtrak, a lot of skepticism and doubt?

turn 1 : Is increased government funding the solution to preventing this kind of accident from happening in the future?

What is the solution to preventing this kind of accident from happening in the future?

Answer: Funding


Right. And it's because of a change in the law post-9/11 that made - that gave the State Department the ability to designate specific terrorist groups. And once that group was designated, they fell under the Patriot Act. And we could investigate - the FBI could investigate specifically individuals both in the United States and overseas that were involved in any kind of transactional or transnational terrorism events with more - a greater ability, I guess, to utilize the techniques available to us.

So what can be done?I mean, are there changes that can be made in the law that might help prevent an attack like the one we saw in El Paso?

Well, there are a lot of laws that apply right now to domestic terrorism, but most of them are state laws. They're not federal laws. There is no federal murder statute, for example, unless you are a federal official of some sort and you are murdered or there's an attempted murder on you. So the El Paso case, for example, is probably going to be prosecuted as a local homicide case of 20 counts of homicide, 22, however many victims we have, by the local DA. It's not a federal case. At this point, the FBI is kind of peripherally assisting that investigation. But they're not specifically involved in or going to be involved in the prosecution. Now. . .

Could the law change?I mean, could Congress pass a law that says that an act like this, when you kill this many people, is a federal crime?

turn 0 : Designation of terrorist groups under the Patriot Act helped FBI investigate terrorists more effectively

Which act allowed the FBI to investigate specific individuals involved in transnational terrorism events?

Answer: Patriot


Well, Pluto's official designation is a dwarf planet. And I have to tell you the people who sent this probe all the way out to Pluto are a little angry about that because when they launched it a decade ago, Pluto was still a planet.

(Laughter).

It got downgraded in the intervening years.

That seems so unfair.

turn 1 : B is amused at the situation, showing empathy for the people who sent the probe.

How did PersonB react to the news about Pluto's official designation?

Answer: Amused


It's nice to be here, Neal. How are you?

I'm good. Thanks. That first phone call - well, just sort of out of curiosity, I assume.

The first call that I made to Alan?Yeah, it was a funny feeling of both, obviously, curiosity and a strange sensation of being crowded in my own skin by another guy who had my same name.

And he turned out to be - well, debonair might be the word.

turn 1 :  is that Neal is asking if the first phone call was made out of curiosity.

Which feeling did PersonA have when he made the first call to Alan?

Answer: Intimidated


So I'm just going to put myself out. Ask me a question.

OK, I'll be nice.

"Everybody Hates Chris" star Terry Crews was drafted by what NFL team?So you have four options. Let me give those to you, the Redskins, the Eagles, the Chargers, or the Rams.

Oh, man. I am laughing here because I am so sports illiterate. I have no clue. I cannot even guess. But I will say that I was on the dance floor with Terry Crews last night at one of the BET parties, and he knows how to move and so does his wife. But I'm completely - I'll say the Redskins, I don't know.

turn 2 : B doesn't know the answer to the question and is making a random guess

Which NFL team did PersonB guess while answering PersonA's question?

Answer: Redskins


Yes, I do. And one of the ways it could be would be to have more women in the House and in the Senate. We saw back in the early 1990s after the Justice Clarence Thomas controversy, Anita Hill's allegations - led a lot of women to say, why weren't there more women on that committee passing judgment on Anita Hill's accusations?- because there was not a single one. They were all men. And why can't we have more representation for our gender when we are, after all, half the population?

That led to the so-called Year of the Woman - 1992 - in which a record number of senators who were women were elected and a large new number in the House. And that we have seen somewhat rise and continue to rise. And the number of women who are in the Senate today is the highest it's ever been, but it's still a minor fraction. And it's still a minor fraction in the House. And as women become more politically active, they become more politically attuned - they are seeing these things, and they are realizing that they need to be represented in Congress to have full power and full equality in this society.

NPR's Ron Elving, thanks so much.

Thank you, Scott.

turn 1 : (2). The literal meaning of (2) is that a record number of women were elected to the Senate and House in 1992, and there has been a gradual increase since then. However, the implied meaning is that there is still a significant underrepresentation of women in Congress, and more needs to be done to achieve full equality and representation.

Which year saw a record number of women senators elected to Congress?

Answer: 1992


You know, I think that - I haven't been so inspired to do anything and get so involved since Clinton, you know, when I was working grassroots for that campaign. And for this, you know - I've always kept my work about hip-hop and jazz and the urban experience. My work is really about celebrating urban life. And to me, Obama represents that. He really does celebrate urban life and he's someone that's very relatable.

You have this beautiful picture in your book about a jazz quartet or quin. . .

Quintet.

Quintet. And although you're dealing with the hip-hop sensibility, you also - it's easy to see how it relates to a jazz and blues sensibility. Why did you do that work?

turn 3 : B is interested in the connection between jazz and hip-hop in A's work.

Which genre does PersonA's work connect to, according to B?

Answer: large


Well, Manafort has a second case. That case is here in Washington, D. C. He pleaded guilty to two conspiracy charges. This is a case that was also brought by special counsel Robert Mueller. Manafort, in D. C, agreed to cooperate with the government. That cooperation deal collapsed after the special counsel's team essentially said that he lied to investigators about a number of things.

The presiding judge in D. C. , Judge Amy Berman Jackson, agreed with the government. The maximum sentence that Manafort faces here in D. C.  is 10 years. Now, the question that hangs over all of this is whether Judge Jackson here in D. C.  is going to make him serve, whatever sentence she gives him, simultaneously or stagger it. So is he going to get another 10 years in addition to what he got in Virginia?

Any chance of a presidential pardon?

The president has not taken that entirely off the table, but his lawyers say it's not under discussion.

turn 1 : "The question that hangs over all of this is whether Judge Jackson here in D.C. is going to make him serve, whatever sentence she gives him, simultaneously or stagger it." - The actual meaning here is that the question is whether Manafort will have to serve his sentence in D.C. in addition to the sentence he received in Virginia, or whether the sentences will be served at the same time.

What is the question that hangs over Manafort's case in D.C.?

Answer: Serving


He had a very utopian view of how computers would change work, but he had also a kind of warning. He had a very utopian view of how computers would change work, but he had also a kind of warning.

That's computer scientist Eugene Fiume of Simon Fraser University. That's computer scientist Eugene Fiume of Simon Fraser University. Fiume says that despite his concern about the need for rapid re-education, Asimov was an optimist in his predictions. Fiume says that despite his concern about the need for rapid re-education, Asimov was an optimist in his predictions.

What he predicted was that computers themselves would allow people to become researchers and scientists and artists - this idea of replacing that low-level intellectual work and allowing people to improve themselves by looking at higher level intellectual work. What he predicted was that computers themselves would allow people to become researchers and scientists and artists - this idea of replacing that low-level intellectual work and allowing people to improve themselves by looking at higher level intellectual work.

It's hard to say how many laid-off factory workers have moved on to pick up paintbrushes, but Fiume says that Asimov's 1983 essay envisions how, left to their own devices. . . It's hard to say how many laid-off factory workers have moved on to pick up paintbrushes, but Fiume says that Asimov's 1983 essay envisions how, left to their own devices. . .

turn 1 : Asimov was optimistic in his predictions despite his concerns.

Which scientist's view included the idea of people becoming researchers, scientists, and artists with the help of computers?

Answer: Asimov


I met up with Carlos Favela. He's a Border Patrol agent, and he spoke to me in his capacity as vice president of the local union. We talked just a few minutes after new numbers came out from the Department of Homeland Security. They showed a significant drop in border apprehensions in June.

And he said one reason for that is the Migrant Protection Protocols policy, which is often called remain in Mexico. He thinks that asylum seekers know that they may now have to stay in Mexico for months before their day in U. S.  courts. And so many of them are just not coming.

I guess it's a little bit a breath of fresh air for the agents out in the field. The MPP program that has been implemented - those agreements have also helped, actually, with the detention at the Border Patrol stations. So we're seeing less incursions but also less people being detained at the stations, which is a sign of relief because, you know, the Border Patrol doesn't have the resources to hold that many people.

There has been a lot of criticism levied at CBP. What is the biggest misconception about what you men and women do?

turn 1 : a breath of fresh air implies a great relief and freedom

Which feeling does the phrase "a breath of fresh air" convey?

Answer: Relief


Well, here's the interesting part. The scientific heavyweights like the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration didn't fare any better than the almanac last year, which makes you wonder: Is seasonal prediction even possible?Here to talk about it is Jason Samenow. He's a chief meteorologist for the Capital Weather Gang at The Washington Post. He joins us from NPR in Washington. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY.

Thank you for having me on.

So what are the predictions look like this year, and then should we pay attention to them?

There is a ton of uncertainty about what this winter's going to bring across much of the country. And that has to do with the fact that El Nino - which is the episodic warming of the equatorial Pacific, which was predicted to develop by now - really hasn't behaved as expected. So when we have an El Nino, we typically see warm and dry conditions across the Northern Tier and wet and cold conditions across the Southern Tier. But it has pretty much baffled forecasters in that it hasn't developed as models have predicted.

turn 3 : El Nino hasn't behaved as expected, making winter predictions uncertain

What was predicted to develop by now that hasn't behaved as expected?

Answer: El-Nino


Correct.

And that's the idea?

That's exactly the idea and that's where we are today. So you kind of keep the country in limbo. And you say, as long as there's no election then I get to be president.

Have there been any calls for President Kabila to be investigated, forced to step down, impeached, put on trial for violating the constitution?

turn 3 : (4) Implied Meaning: Is there any pressure on President Kabila to step down or face consequences for his unconstitutional actions?

Which President is being referred to in turn 3?

Answer: President-Kabila


Well, tell us first, let's go back. How did you find out about this because I know they try and keep this very secret?How did you find out you had been awarded the MacArthur Grant?

I kind of got punked a little bit. I mean, it's the best way to get punked you could imagine, but they called me into the offices, I was going to be in Chicago for an event, and they basically called me in more or less under the pretense that they wanted me to talk about some candidates that I was recommending.

So of course I kind of scampered in to sort of support the folks that I was hoping would get it, and they just sort of surprised me with this, you know, this incredible gift and just, you know, it kind of just blew my brains open.

So they really did manage to keep it a secret?

turn 1 : The speaker was misled into attending a meeting under false pretenses.

Which event was the speaker going to attend in Chicago?

Answer: Treasury


It's very important to me. But also I had to try and understand how somebody so remarkable would think of herself and how would people see her. And what I realized, as a result of my research, was that there was this entire tradition of women warriors in France at that time - quite celebrated - and they had fought. They had worn men's clothes and they were celebrated, like Joan of Arc had been many years before, and perhaps that was the tradition that she fitted into.

It did occur to me reading the novel - and you want to be careful with this sort of thing - but if Julie a'Aubigny had been alive now, someone would've said, well, there's a support group you ought to join.

(Laughter) Oh, look, I think if she arrived now, we would still be amazed. She would still be larger than life. She's like an Olympic gold medalist combined with Lady Gaga. She's that remarkable. And she would probably still be a star today. There's not really anybody like her now.

And like a lot of great stars we could mention, she didn't last a long a course, did she?

turn 2 : She was a remarkable and iconic figure who would still be celebrated today.

Which word describes the figure mentioned in turn 2?

Answer: Iconic


Aw. We mentioned that you worked for President George W.  Bush, who advised John McCain. In your circle of friends, people there at the Hoover Institution - without violating any any confidences - your friends and colleagues - is your opinion widely held or are people who ordinarily would support the Republican candidate talking about voting for Hillary Clinton?

I think this is a real time of crisis for Republicans. It's hard for many of my friends to think about supporting Donald Trump. And it's very hard for many of my friends to think about supporting Hillary Clinton. In fact, I would have indulged the luxury of writing in one of my terrific nephews for president if I hadn't seen that the polls during the British referendum were off by 12 points. And my concern that (inaudible) be accurate, and everybody's vote's actually going to count this election.

Kori Schake is a research fellow at the Hoover Institution. She joined us by Skype. Thanks very much.

You're welcome.

turn 0 : People who usually would vote for the Republican candidate are considering voting for Hillary Clinton instead.

What is the reason why some of PersonA's friends are unable to support Donald Trump?

Answer: Trump


And this was a, well, not too far down the road from Berkeley but a little less glamorous.

The school, I think, was, you know, you have moments in your reporting where this sort of weight of what has happened weighs on you. And I think that when that happened to me, it was just on my fourth or fifth visit to the school. And I just looked at the building and just saw how unremarkable it was and just how forgettable it was. I mean, it was - the closest thing to that building in that industrial stretch of Oakland is a Wal-Mart. Actually, some of the employers from Wal-Mart came down and put up a sign of support.

But there is nothing there. And, you know, the insides of the school are in bad conditions, and the idea that this was a university, like, you never ever would have suspected that this was a place of learning. And, you know, across the Bay Area and also across Southern California, there are a lot of these, sort of, for-profit, small, I guess, learning institutions that cater towards immigrants who need a cheaper form of education.

A degree

turn 0 : not too far down the road means that it isn't far away from a different location.

What did PersonA compare the building of the school to?

Answer: Wal-Mart


You know, it's interesting that you should say that because leasing was one of the ways you could get into a car without having to have a huge down payment. So now, if leasing is going to cost more, buying a car already costs more with regard to the down payment, it's going to be really tough for some people, isn't it?

It will be, and you know what it's going to put pressure on is the used-car market, because if you can't get a new one, you go get a used one. But if they have more demand for used ones, that's going to push up, too. So the entire - the love affair that America had with the automobile. . .

Coming to an end?

It may be a love affair that we have to look at again, you know, somebody cheated on somebody, I don't know who.

turn 0 : Leasing becoming more expensive will make it difficult for some people to afford cars

How will the increase in leasing costs affect car affordability?

Answer: Difficult