'Cause there are a lot of industries now that can point to the fact that they are using fewer people to sometimes produce even greater revenues.

Well, that's what using fewer people will sometimes do. It certainly will - using fewer people will increase the productivity of the people that you are using. And we had been living through an age where we are adapting to a transformative technology - the Internet. I mean, this has enormous effects on the workplace. But, you know, I'm a mere writer. I wouldn't even know how to begin to answer the question you just asked; how much of this is a fundamental shift in the economy and how much of it is a result of the way we've led our financial lives?

Michael Lewis, what should, in your mind, Americans learn from the financial crisis in Europe?

The thing that has interested me the most is the role of the big financial institutions in our economy. I think over the period of the last several decades, they have spun out of control; that they are too big to fail, which means that the normal sort of mechanism of a market economy is not allowed to work in a financial sector. That normal mechanism is creative destruction. It's, you know, someone builds a better one and the old one dies. And I would have thought the big lesson from the period of 2007, 2008 is that we can't really build an economy based on such institutions. It's like building your house on sand.

turn 3 : A's statement "It's like building your house on sand" is a metaphorical expression, implying that an economy based on big financial institutions is unstable and likely to collapse. The actual meaning is not about building a physical house on sand, but rather using it as a comparison to convey a message about the inherent instability of such an economy.

Which expression does PersonA use to compare the instability of an economy based on big financial institutions?

Answer: Sand


It's always the fights inside the family that can get rough. Things got rough this week in the Democratic Party after freshman Representative Ilhan Omar of Minnesota made more remarks many saw as anti-Semitic. The House finally passed an anti-hate resolution condemning anti-Semitism and - well, a lot of things, I think, including dandruff. Did it solve or aggravate divisions?Susan Davis, NPR congressional correspondent, joins us. Sue, thanks so much for being with us.

Good morning, Scott.

Everything better now?

(Laughter) Well, every Democrat in the end did vote for the resolution, so they were unified in the end, but it certainly did provide a roadmap for the kind of divisions we might see going forward.

turn 3 : Despite being unified there are many roads to go forward to in order to find their goal to reach.

How did the resolution provide a roadmap for Democrats?

Answer: Roadmap


Well, I'm delighted. I'm absolutely high as a kite. I said yesterday, I'm high as the flag on the Fourth of July, and it's the way I still feel today.

And does this ruling change the way researchers will be able to work?

It has a less of an impact on research, which has never been subject to the enforcement of a patent, than it does on the availability of this approach for patient care. The enforcement of the monopoly on testing by Myriad was in the realm of patient care, that is testing for patients who were referred by their physicians or genetic counselors for sequencing of BRCA1 and 2.

Does this mean that it will open up the realm of other people, other companies, coming up with a test also and maybe drive the price of the test down.

turn 2 : Myriad was the main company that could do testing and had most tests done by them.

How was Myriad's position in the testing market?

Answer: less


Pounder has also used her leverage as an artist to find apartheid and AIDS, and she owns and runs the Pounder-Kone Art Space in Los Angeles. I've had a chance to visit the space and see the art she chooses for her shows, and now, CC is here. How are you doing?

I'm good. Thanks for having me.

So, you know, you have this space at Atwater Village, one of the, for me, living in Los Angeles, one of the eastern, eastern parts of L. A. , but everyone has. . .

The outpost.

turn 0 : This statement implies that Pounder who is an artist do fight against apartheid and AIDS.

Which social issues does Pounder fight against?

Answer: AIDS


The big one was that they died of lead poisoning due to the canning of the canned tin goods. The problem with that - these guys hadn't eaten any tin food. It was only three months into their voyage.

It was a dire situation anyway you look at it. But, of course, in your book, it wasn't dire enough. You throw in an Arctic beast.

I do, an unexplained Arctic beast that we never see. And the reason for that is I wanted something to personify just the terror, the horror of the darkness, the five months of darkness, the terrible cold - 100 degrees below zero - the constricting ice that you had to listen to against the hull, you know, all the time.

What would be the best-case scenario for you if they find which ship it is?What would you like to know?

turn 1 :  B: "It wasn't dire enough" - The literal meaning suggests that the situation was not severe enough, but in the context of the conversation, it implies that the situation was already very dire, and adding an Arctic beast to the story made it even more terrifying.

Which word implies that the situation was already dire and adding an Arctic beast made it even more terrifying?

Answer: Terrifying


As you alluded to, the printing of the census has begun, without the citizenship question. Isn't that a logistical hurdle, a financial hurdle to this going forward?

So the Justice Department represented in court that the forms had to start printing on July 1, and they in fact started printing. So what would have to happen if the citizenship question were added is the printing would stop, they'd have to junk all those forms, and they'd be behind. The plaintiffs had argued in some of the cases, well, we could really start printing as late as October in order for it to be in time. It would be yet another reversal by the government if they took the position, yeah, now we agree with the plaintiffs; the printing can happen later.

Rick Hasen is a professor of law and political science at the University of California, Irvine. Thanks for speaking with us.

Thank you, and happy July 4.

turn 0 : when something is referred to as a hurdle in this context it means its something that stands in the way of getting something done

How did the Justice Department represent the printing of the census forms?

Answer: Started


Good morning, Renee.

First, that citizenship question. In just a matter of days, it's been on, it's been off. Now the president says he wants it on again. What's going on there?

The Supreme Court said last month, you could have it but only with good justification. And the Supreme Court has ruled before that the census is supposed to count everyone and not just citizens, as it has always. Then, the president said yesterday he had four or five ways that he could get this question back on. But executive orders, which were one of the ways he mentioned, do not supersede court orders. So the president is still going to have to have something that pleases the court.

And yesterday, a federal judge in Maryland ordered further discovery in this case, meaning people from Commerce and the Justice Department are going to have to answer questions about this question, where it came from. And yesterday, in court, the lawyers for the administration admitted that, at this point, they don't know what to say.

The president has also been tweeting about another big story, the conditions at Border Patrol detention centers. Yesterday, he said many of the migrants held there were - and I'm quoting - "living far better now than they were where they came from and in safer conditions. "I mean, that's not what a report from the Department of Homeland Security's own Office of the Inspector General said this week. It - that report warned about dangerous overcrowding and prolonged detention without proper food or hygiene or laundry facilities - very big difference.

turn 2 : Pleases the court could mean "good enough for the court" or something like that.

What did the Supreme Court require for the citizenship question to be included in the census?

Answer: justification


I did not detect that in Putin's three-hour press conference. I did not see him saying we need to open up a second front in our confrontation with the West. I actually saw hints of him looking for a deal, hints of him wanting to be more conciliatory vis-a-vis the West. And so I didn't detect that, you know, we're in the corner and we're going to lash out. It was more conciliatory for Putin. I want to emphasize that.

Yeah. At some level, is this what American policy wanted?

At the beginning of the Obama administration - when I joined the government - this is exactly what we didn't want. We wanted a cooperative relation with the Russians that would be good for the United States, good for Russia.

turn 3 : The turn that has an implied meaning different from its literal meaning is (4): "So do Russians of means put all their money into London townhouses now?" This question is likely not asking for a direct answer about the financial habits of wealthy Russians, but rather implies a criticism of the practice of using London real estate as a means of hiding or laundering money. The speaker may be implying that this practice is unethical or unfair.

How does the question posed by PersonB in turn 3 imply criticism?

Answer: Implication


My pleasure.

So take us back to 2001 when the Enron scandal broke. What had the company hidden, and how did it come to light?

The company has hidden the fact that it was making up most of its earnings, and rather than having solid profits as it reported, it was actually losing money. And the way this came to light was that some people with the Wall Street Journal had trouble understanding what the company was doing - started raising questions about it. And then the Securities and Exchange Commission, which I suspect reads the Wall Street Journal very closely, began looking into it, and then the whole thing just sort of blew off and exploded.

There are a few names that we remember from this case. Give me an example of a couple of the folks who - a lot of folks said that the hubris was amazing, not, you know, when people were finally identified. So who were some of the key players in this?

turn 1 : He is asking for a historical recap, not literal time travel

What event is "B" asking "A" to take them back to in the dialogue?

Answer: 2001


You're a breast cancer survivor. Your husband passed away. One of your other children was in a serious accident, and yet when you deal with the Imus ordeal, you say I've never felt so powerless in my life. Why did that touch you so much?

You know, Farai, one of the things that maybe people didn't know is that here I had a team of 10 players, and five of those young ladies were freshmen. Less than a year before that, they were sitting on bleachers at a high school graduation. Some of them that came to me had braces on their teeth. They had dreams and aspirations of becoming doctors and psychologists and musicians and all the like.

And here while they had done something that they should be commended for because throughout the year, the year had been a tremendous struggle. They had been pushed to the brink, and yet somehow they survived. And beyond surviving, here they were standing before a national audience and being honored as one of the top two teams in this nation.

And I was so proud of them because I could remember seeing some of them cry or think that they couldn't and then to see their faces on television or USA Today and, you know, this is what it's all about - for us as leaders and as parents and as people that care about our young people - to take them to places that they don't think that they can go, have them accomplish those things, and then with that level of security and confidence, they can take on the world.

turn 3 : Helping young people achieve their goals gives them confidence to take on the world

How does achieving goals help young people?

Answer: Confidence


Absolutely. But on the other hand, you know, basically going toward an impeachment process without making sure that we have done our homework and have the case to win the approval of the American people and to get a conviction in the Senate may not be the best course. So right now. . .

But forgive - we just have half a minute left. Forgive - you and I always use baseball analogies. Are you essentially saying we're not going to begin the game until we know we can win it?

I think what I'm saying is we have to make sure that we go down the path where we can actually achieve the intended result. And right now, going into the impeachment process without having done all our homework is not what my constituents want. And I think that it's not necessarily the best course.

Representative Raja Krishnamoorthi of Illinois, thanks so much for being back with us.

turn 0 : They are not going to do the impeachment until they have studied all of the evidence and the laws regarding it.

What is the best course according to Representative Raja Krishnamoorthi of Illinois?

Answer: homework


Very infamous words. . .

. . . George W.  Bush famously used. And he used them the last time we were involved in a Middle East conflict, declared it accomplished. And it turns out it wasn't.

No, far from it. Let's turn to some other things that are happening this week. It's not been a dull week in Washington. The president spent this past week exhibiting a lot of fury and anxiety. And, indeed, that has continued on Twitter today about the special counsel investigation, which sprouted yet another inquiry this week, and the raid on his personal lawyer, Michael Cohen.

That's right. We're learning that his personal lawyer, Michael Cohen, has been the subject of a months-long criminal corruption investigation. We know that Cohen is in trouble for several things, including not paying taxes on his taxi medallion business. But Michael Cohen is about as close to Donald Trump as anyone who has been investigated so far. He's his personal lawyer. He knows all about the Trump Organization deals all around the world because he helped negotiate some of them. We also find out just tangentially that he even helped negotiate a deal between an - the vice chairman of the RNC and a model, who he had an affair with and got pregnant.

turn 1 : when someone says "far from it" they mean it isn't the case or its not what was implied

How would you describe the situation that "far from it" refers to in the dialogue?

Answer: Not


There is some. The question is whether what they see in their internal polls, the surveys they're doing every night in the 14 battleground states, whether what they're seeing is just a little glimmer or a hope that will sort of fade away, or whether it's kind of the beginning traction of perhaps a long shot, but perhaps a strategy that might actually pay off for Senator McCain.

You write about Senator McCain's pollster, a guy named Bill McInturff, who I gather is quite well regarded in the polling industry, and he's been sending out memos saying, I actually think things are getting better. There's also a new poll today, Mason-Dickson-NBC, on specifically Pennsylvania, and it finds the numbers there narrowing down to about a four-point lead for Senator Obama.

Well, that's exactly right. Bill McInturff has been, as some McCain aides described it over the course of his campaign, a bit of a wet blanket at times. When they thought things were going well, he would say, well, you know, the numbers are showing some weakness here.

But yet, in the last four or five days, it's kind of reversed. They've gotten emails in the morning that as delivers his reports from the previous day's survey, they've got good news in them. You know, women who make less than $60,000 are moving towards McCain. Men with some college education are moving towards him. And they're doing it in these battleground states.

turn 3 : battleground implies a place of contests and difficulties

What word describes the states where women who make less than $60,000 are moving towards McCain and men with some college education are moving towards him?

Answer: battleground


So I always tell people, look at your many choices. Don't close any doors. But the fact is that, you know, take your passion, take it as far as you can, but understand you've got to make a living, and you've got to pay the loan back.

What about people like you, who are college presidents?What challenges are you facing in trying to make sure that you can get a broad variety of students from different backgrounds?

Farai, you know, what keeps me up at night is the young women who want to be admitted but don't have the dollars, the young women who are students who are continuing, who are saying, I need more financial aid, the young women whose parents can't take out another loan. That literally keeps me up at night. If you see me again and I'm gray, that's what did it.

I mean literally. I mean, I wake up in the - you know, I wake up in the middle of the night and say, how can I find money for these young people?It is a challenge.

turn 0 : Pursuing passion is important, but financial stability is also crucial.

Which aspect of young women's situation keeps the college president up at night?

Answer: Financial-stability


Please tell us, what are your feelings, in the wake of Charlottesville, about the statues of your ancestor?

Well, I'm a pastor. And one of the things that I automatically go to is this is a form of idolatry, very plain and simply. We have made an idol of Robert Edward Lee. We have made him an idol of white supremacy. We have made him an idol of nationalism and of bigotry and of hate and of racism. And that's unacceptable. And not only as a person of goodwill but as for me as a Christian, I can no longer sit by and allow my family's name to be used as hate-filled speech.

Pastor, I'd like to note that you have, since you have come out publicly and talked about this, been receiving threats. Can you tell me what's been going on?

Yeah. Well, the message boards are lit up with people saying that people who are speaking out against white supremacy, including myself, should be taken care of, whatever that means. And it's been hard. I mean, I'm a 24-year-old. I'm a pastor. I'm not a violent person. I don't condone violence in any form. And so to see that there are people who wish to be violent against me and my family, against my church community is terrifying.

turn 1 :  A's turn: "We have made an idol of Robert Edward Lee. We have made him an idol of white supremacy. We have made him an idol of nationalism and of bigotry and of hate and of racism. And that's unacceptable."  The actual meaning of this turn is that the speaker believes that the way Robert Edward Lee is being celebrated is unacceptable, as it is a form of idolatry that promotes hate, racism, white supremacy, and nationalism.

What kind of speech is unacceptable according to A?

Answer: idolatry


Yeah.

. . . Household where they can do a little more with their income.

So what kind of minimum wage jobs are we talking about?

So we find a lot of our families do have the fast-food restaurant jobs. But we do have families that also have certified nursing assistants. We have nurses on our program. We have families with professional jobs. They're moving up. But we do see a lot of the fast-food restaurant, airport low-paying jobs at this time.

Is there advice you'd give the federal government about a jobs requirement program?

I think introducing a minimum work requirement may be a good option in the long run, but you have to take it slow. You can't just roll it out, say I - we want to do this today and roll it out tomorrow. We will impact families tremendously. We may increase homelessness because this becomes a substantial burden on families, especially our low-income families. We would definitely have a social problem in this country if we rolled it out all at once.

turn 3 : Many families in the program have low-paying jobs like fast-food restaurant and airport jobs.

What kind of jobs do many families in the program have?

Answer: Low-paying


When the novel "Angels Make Their Hope Here" begins the Civil War is not far off. It's 1849 and the U. S.  is riven by racial conflict. Inside the world of the novel a man named Duncan Smoot is about to save a young girl from slavery. Her name is Dossey - Dossey Byrd as he calls her. He brings her to Russell's Knob, a settlement in the New Jersey Highlands, that's a sort of idyllic interracial enclave where everyone is free and blacks and whites and Native Americans intermarry. This is the third work of historical fiction from Breena Clarke whose previous novel, "River Cross My Heart," was a selection for Oprah's book club. Breena Clarke joins us now from our New York bureau. Thanks for being here.

Oh, well, I'm really happy to be here, Tamara. Thank you for having me.

I'd love for you to start by reading the description of Russell's Knob.

OK. The first building in the village was a small, stone house that sat like a muddy, brown bird hiding herself in dense foliage. Outsiders and casual climbers were meant to miss seeing the cleverly disguised house and the cut that led to the town. If you knew the cuts, you could find the town.

turn 3 : (4) "sat like a muddy, brown bird hiding herself in dense foliage" - The literal meaning is that the small, stone house was situated in a way that it resembled a bird blending in with the surrounding foliage. The figurative meaning could be interpreted as the house being intentionally hidden from outsiders and only visible to those who knew where to look.

How was the small, stone house described in the village of Russell's Knob?

Answer: Hiding


President Donald Trump had his long-awaited face-to-face with Russian President Vladimir Putin at last week's G-20 summit. Just how the issue of Russian meddling in the November election was addressed is subject to interpretation. And in this country, Congress comes back from recess with health care legislation still looming. So much politics to talk about, so little time - so let's turn to NPR's national political correspondent Mara Liasson. Good morning, Mara.

Good morning, A.

All right. So before we get to Putin-Trump, let's look at the G-20 meeting and what all the countries got out of it.

Well, the big theme of this meeting was how isolated and separate the United States is from the rest of the G-20, the rest of the big economies. It's like there's a G-19, and then there's the U. S. , particularly on climate, trade and immigration. The biggest difference at this meeting was climate. The other 19 leaders agreed that continuing to enact the Paris Agreement on climate change was important. They called the agreement irreversible. Of course, Donald Trump has pulled the U. S.  out of that agreement. So the Europeans and others are going to move forward without the U. S.

turn 3 : It's like there's a G-19, and then there's the U.S." - This implies that the United States is distinct and separate from the other 19 countries in the G-20, rather than simply stating that there are 19 countries in addition to the U.S. in the group.

What was the biggest difference at the G-20 meeting according to A?

Answer: Climate


It really is. I mean, the fact - and he uses the microscopes that I used as a kid, right, from the '60s because those must be Bausch and Lomb or something like that.

The Zeiss microscope.

Zeiss microscope, different company.

Yeah, right. No, he said that actually if you want to get into this, you know, the cost of one of these microscopes from the '60s or '70s is about that of a computer, but it'll last you a lifetime.

Forever. The optics are just terrific.

turn 3 : This implies that the price of a microscope in the 60s and 70s is of the same price with a computer but more durable.

Which electronic device is mentioned in the dialogue that costs the same as a microscope from the '60s or '70s?

Answer: Computer


Well, you have roots in the South, so what are some of the food prep and food producing traditions of the South that you think we need to reconnect with?

Yeah, for me, it's really about helping people remember and as you said, reconnect with these issues - or these ways of connecting with the land and producing our foods that we saw just a couple of generations ago. As Will Allen said, you know, most people in America were producing their own food. And when I think about the African-American community that I grew up in, you know, my grandparents had practically an urban farm in their backyard. You know, everyone on the street was growing some type of food, small plots, people had mini- orchards.

And you go back to the same neighborhood now and it's, you know, practically a shell of itself. And I think we need to just kind of like remember that the way that people are advocating for eating local, healthy, sustainable food, you know, these ways that many of us were eating. And this isn't just about African-Americans. I think that a couple of generations ago a lot of us were eating this way, and we just need to get back to that.

Well, some argue that the locally sourced organic food movement is elitist and out of reach for the budget of lower-income city folks. So, what do you think?

turn 3 : Food is the most important think for each any every human.

Which turn in the dialogue mentions the issue of the affordability of locally sourced organic food?

Answer: Elitist


Well, I think some tariffs do. I think this is a misguided policy. It was not thought out well. Of course, it helps the big steel companies, but it's going to affect all the downstream manufacturing jobs. You know, we're asking for help for them to grant our exclusions that we filed. And it can be approved by President Trump just by signing the exclusion, and that's what we're asking him to do.

Mr.  Pratt, will the people who lost their jobs at Mid Continent be able to find jobs elsewhere?

It will be tough in our area. I mean, it's an area of 17,000 people. We're the second-largest employer in the area, employing over 500 at one time. And it will be tough for them to find other jobs.

In the 2016 election, Donald Trump got 80 percent of the vote in Poplar Bluff and in surrounding counties. Has local support for President Trump changed because of what is happening to your company?

turn 0 : The jobs are with companies that use the steel that is made for their products.

Which downstream companies rely on the steel produced by the company?

Answer: Downstream


So this will help the basketball players and then also the track events. But the good thing is obviously with these developments - the wheelchairs (unintelligible) through the people, you know, everyday people that use wheelchairs, and it will mean it's more lightweight for them to lift, say, in and out of vehicles.

And some of this stuff then filters in back to the general public.

Yeah, I mean, and that's a great thing, you know, the flow sort of from elite to high street, as we refer to it, is great. So you start seeing that, for example, with push bikes. We see a lot of that now available, helmet design from bikes, you say that. Swimwear is another thing that we see a lot of technology flowing into the high street.

Let's talk about swimwear because there was a kind of swimwear that was used and is now banned, and something new is taking its place.

turn 0 : Advancements in wheelchair technology will make it easier for everyday wheelchair users to lift them in and out of vehicles.

What will the advancements in wheelchair technology help people with?

Answer: Lifting


No.

So give an ABC, a little ABCs of how, let's say, Plan B works.

Yeah, so it depends on when you take it. You have to be aware when the fertile window is. So it's five days before ovulation and then about maximum one day after ovulation. And if you take it before the LH surge has started, then it works by either blocking follicular development and ovulation or by postponing it.

But if LH has started to rise, then it's too late, and it has no effect, and ovulation will occur. And it has no effect after ovulation, no effect on the fallopian tube or on the endometrium, that is the uterine lining. And actually if a woman has miscalculated, so she's already pregnant, it has no negative effect on the pregnancy, on the fetus or on the newborn baby. And it can't interrupt a pregnancy, but it has absolutely no effect.

turn 1 : So give an ABC, a little ABCs of how, let's say, Plan B works

Which window is important to consider when taking Plan B?

Answer: Fertile


When you say muscle through an agenda, the implication is they've got to twist arms in their own party?

Well, I think the Republican Party is going through change. The more populous, working-class element of the Republican Party is on the ascent. And the tectonic plates within both parties, frankly, are changing as both parties are becoming more tribalized. As you see on the Democratic side, Elizabeth Warren and Bernie Sanders have a significant and outsized voice in their party just as the House Freedom Caucus and the more populous, working-class wing on the Republican side have an outsized voice.

Ken Spain was managing director of communications at Koch Industries. He's now a partner at the CGCN consultant group. Thanks so much for being with us.

Thank you for having me.

turn 3 : having me implies hosting someone or engaging with someone and not referring to owning someone

How does turn 3 clarify the meaning of "having me"?

Answer: Engaging


They know - they see the world as a number of systems. You know, a matrix is a system stuck together, and they know we're vulnerable at a lot of different points. And that's the reason we're seeing more and more groups using these kinds of methods.

They're formidable. I mean, nobody should think of this as a terribly unequal struggle between, you know, the international community and the terrorist. They're a formidable opponent, and we need to act across a broad spectrum to stop them.

So what can be done about this opponent?

We recommend - we have a lot of recommendations. We think they're very practical. It can be done. Some of them are internal in the government themselves. There are internal changes Congress needs to make so that it can be more effective in this, and other commissions have recommended them. Now, let's do it. Let's get it done.

turn 1 : The opponent is a strong and worthy adversary.

Answer: Formidable


Correct.

And that's the idea?

That's exactly the idea and that's where we are today. So you kind of keep the country in limbo. And you say, as long as there's no election then I get to be president.

Have there been any calls for President Kabila to be investigated, forced to step down, impeached, put on trial for violating the constitution?

turn 3 : Implies a question as to whether any action has been taken to remove President Kabila from power.

How has President Kabila been challenged?

Answer: Investigated


He says it's incumbent on the press and on the media not to make it easy for celebrities to have these terribly serious transgressions alleged and be able to skate by on their charm, on their fame, on their accomplishments outside the arena of these allegations. He said, you know, it is precisely the inconvenient moment where you have all these stars - and Woody Allen is in South of France because of the debut of his new film.

And you have stars like Blake Lively, Jesse Eisenberg and others who are there, Steve Carell. And he says we should be hearing them asked what it's like to work with an alleged child molester - and by the way, those are his words, not mine - rather than asked, you know, what costumes were you wearing?How did you like your outfits?What was it like to work with this great director?

That's his argument. He says it's uncomfortable but these questions need to be asked, otherwise powerful people can get away with terrible things.

How do you feel about that?

turn 1 : And you have stars like Blake Lively, Jesse Eisenberg and others who are there, Steve Carell. And he says we should be hearing them asked what it's like to work with an alleged child molester - and by the way, those are his words, not mine - rather than asked, you know, what costumes were you wearing? How did you like your outfits? What was it like to work with this great director?"  Implicated meaning: The speaker suggests that instead of asking superficial questions about celebrities' appearance and experiences on set, it is important to inquire about their experiences working with someone who has been accused of being a child molester. By doing so, the focus would shift to addressing serious allegations and holding individuals accountable for their actions.

Which alleged crime is the speaker referring to?

Answer: Child


And I guess the hope of getting to Europe has been extinguished for these people.

The European Union member states have effectively criminalized search and rescue operations on the Mediterranean Sea. And we think that this is a mistake, particularly in the light of how things have changed over last three months. The fact that the Libyan coast guard is taking people back into what is now an active war zone is simply unacceptable.

Elinor Raikes, the Europe and North Africa regional director for the International Rescue Committee, thanks so much.

You're welcome.

turn 0 : extinguished implies to become hopeless and not to put out firr

Which word in the dialogue implies a change in circumstances over the last three months?

Answer: Changed


We tried for about two and half years. And I had this fear that with every step we took, we would learn something that it would confirm my fear that I couldn't have a baby.

She struggled with anxiety, but eventually she got pregnant through IVF.

Tell me about that moment when you first saw your daughter Hazel for the first time. I mean, how did that feel?

turn 3 : "Oh, my gosh. It was - it was incredible. I mean, first of all, I was in labor for 24 hours."  Implicated meaning: The speaker had a long and difficult labor, but the experience of giving birth was still an incredible and meaningful moment for them.

Answer: day


You see, I'm psychic. I'm psychic today.

It's Joe.

I sense that it's Joe.

"Hey, man, I love Penn and Teller for years. You guys are awesome. I love sleight-of-hand magic and was interested in starting to learn some. Would you have any recommendations where to start?"I bet you get asked that question a lot.

turn 2 : In turn (3), the speaker says "I sense that it's Joe." The literal meaning is that the speaker believes they have psychic abilities and can sense the identity of a person without being told. However, the implied meaning could be that the speaker recognizes Joe's voice, appearance, or behavior and is using their intuition to make an educated guess about who it is. The implied meaning suggests that the speaker is not actually psychic, but is using their observational skills to make a prediction.

Which word suggests the speaker is not actually psychic in turn 2?

Answer: Implied


They're voting for him for various reasons. A, he was a very big Maidan supporter. He was clearly pushing the opposition to take a very pro-European and pro-Western stand. He was helping with those victims during the fights. He was basically becoming one of the faces of Maidan. And that's one of the reasons why people are actually voting for him. The second reason is because he is an oligarch where, actually, now they can turn to.

You know, when you have the central government break down, the people need some kind of stability. And that's not going to be civil society. It needs to be something bigger than that. And the oligarchs are coming, very interestingly, back in the picture by that. The question is not whether Poroshenko is going to win and why he's going to win - what he's going to do with his mandate. If he understands that he needs to bring in a new generation of Ukrainians and do the reform, I think Ukraine is going to be in a very good place.

Balazs Jarabik is a scholar and analyst we reached from Kiev. Thanks very much for being with us.

Thanks, really, for having me.

turn 3 :  A: "Thanks, really, for having me." - The literal meaning of this turn is an expression of gratitude for being invited to participate. The actual meaning is that the speaker appreciates the opportunity to share their knowledge and expertise on the topic at hand.

What is the actual meaning behind PersonA's expression of gratitude?

Answer: Appreciation


Good morning, Scott. You're going to have to work on your inflection if you want a new job.

Uh - (mumbling). Want a new job?Did you hear something. . .

ESPN.

OK.

Which word did Scott mumble in response to PersonA's comment about his inflection?

Answer: mumbling


It has. It was seized at one point by British commandos off Gibraltar. It was held in Gibraltar for several weeks. A court then finally said that it had to be released after the Iranians guaranteed that it wouldn't breach EU sanctions. The Americans tried to get Gibraltar to hand it over. And Gibraltar said no.

So this is the latest attempt by the Americans to try and get control of the ship. And so they directly offered the captain, Mr.  Kumar, several million dollars to bring the ship to a country that had apparently agreed to impound it and hand it over to the U. S.

Now, if you've got this email - and you say you obtained the email - the first question, I guess, would be - is this really from Brian Hook, really from a senior State Department official?But you have a quote from Brian Hook in your story.

It is definitely from Brian Hook, and I have confirmed that with Brian Hook himself. You know, he said that this is the - an attempt by the Americans to ramp up the maximum pressure campaign on Iran. The next stage is to increase the enforcement of the many sanctions that the U. S.  has put on Iran already. And this is a kind of a new novel approach to try and get ship captains and their crew both to be scared about working for Iran in the future and, second, to offer them a carrot, which is to say that if you come and help us, you'll be rewarded for life. And some of the language used in the email is quite colorful.

turn 0 : "it was seized" means that something was taken away.

Which word describes what happened to the ship?

Answer: Seized.


That's a long drive.

It is. Yeah. Two days.

So was there poker - what happens in those buses on that long trip?

You know, I'm afraid to tell you.

turn 0 : The drive is tiring and they may not want to make it.

What is the reason for their reluctance to discuss what happens in the buses during the long trip?

Answer: Afraid


The census is required by the Constitution and federal law. There's really no wiggle room here. Trump did sign this executive order directing all agencies to provide the Commerce Department with U. S.  citizenship and noncitizenship data of everyone living in the U. S. The thing is, though, that that data collection was already under way, or at least some of it was. So it's not clear what this executive order is really achieving.

House voted to limit the president's authority to use the military to strike Iran. What's the significance of that vote?

So this defense bill was really aimed at reining in the president's power to use military force against Iran without approval from Congress. This has been an issue not only with this president, but, obviously, with prior administrations - the question of when a president must get permission to take military action. And Democrats in the House are trying to take some of that authority back and give it back to Congress. Obviously, Trump was on his - very close to striking Iran, according to him, a few weeks ago.

But although the bill passed the House, it did so along party lines, and it's going to have a much harder time in the Senate. You're likely going to see some compromise have to be made for this bill to become law.

turn 0 : Trump's executive order may not be achieving anything new.

What was already under way regarding the data collection before Trump's executive order?

Answer: Data


Yeah. I mean, the choices - we take in quite a range of groups clan, the Nazi groups, other kinds of white nationalist groups by which I mean, generally more kind of the suit-and-tie crowd than you'll find with the clan in the skinheads. But we also include some very extreme anti-gay groups, some radical traditionalist Catholic groups, these are groups that believe that Jews are evil and so on, murdered God and what have you, and a number of other groups along those lines.

What's driving this growth in the numbers of hate groups?Is it the economy, social forces, a combination of both perhaps?

I think all of those things. During the last eight years or so, most of the period, these groups have very successfully and almost exclusively exploited the issue of illegal immigration. In other words, every clan group, neo-Nazi group out there has kind of put aside all other enemies to concentrate heavily on the so-called threat of people with brown skin coming here, to you know, kind of rape our daughters and destroy our society. That has begun to change in just the last year, especially since last fall when we had two major things going on, of course, the economy crashing and unemployment in particular getting worse and then of course, the election of a black man to the White House. Those things together have really created kind of perfect storm.

Are the number of hate crimes and the number of hate groups increasing on a parallel track?

turn 2 : "Perfect storm" isn't about a literal storm; it means a bunch of conditions coming together to produce something negative. The rape and destroy comments also aren't literally what immigrants will do, but what A is characterizing these clans claim they will do.

Which phrase used by PersonA is metaphorical and not to be taken literally?

Answer: Perfect-storm


With us now, author and economist Julianne Malveaux, she is president of Bennett College. Welcome, Dr.  Malveaux.

Greetings, Farai. How are you?

Well, people are looking ahead and they're very uncertain, and that's what we see in markets. We see people laying people off. We also have some challenge in financial market. Certainly, the Bear Stearns' crisis raises all kinds of questions. The housing market, of course, we've talked about that on this program several times, but the fact is that we see a stagnancy. We don't see growth. We see houses that are overvalued. Lots of people in mortgage crisis. People who bought homes within the last five years finding that they overpaid for their homes and they couldn't sell them in what they paid for them, so they're stuck. That removes liquidity.

turn 2 : "I'm doing well, but some people aren't. And let's talk about these figures and really, what is shifting in our economy right now in terms of the different sectors where people are losing these tens of thousands of jobs?" - The literal meaning is a statement about the current state of the economy and its impact on employment. The implied meaning is a suggestion to discuss the economic issues and the resulting job losses.

What is the profession of Julianne Malveaux?

Answer: economist


Many Brazilians are angry over millions of dollars that the country has invested in the World Cup and upcoming Olympic Games while millions still live in abject poverty. Yesterday, we asked Brazilian Foreign Minister Antonio Patriota about this issue.

Well, for the first time in our history, we are in the position to eliminate extreme poverty in Brazil, and this thanks to the social programs that were undertaken during the Lula government and now are being intensified and broadened. So Brazil is quickly evolving into a middle-class society. And I think there is a widespread view that they reflect aspirations by citizens who have benefited from rising living standards for improvements in their lives.

But let me renew the question.

On the sports issue, yes. It's not easy to succeed in bringing the World Cup, or the Olympic Games, to your country. And these campaigns, they were based on very widespread popular support. I think it's very important, also, to highlight that these big events are not an end in themselves. As foreign minister, I've been in touch with countries such as the United Kingdom or the Russian Federation, to ensure that the improvement in infrastructure and housing can be converted into urban improvements. Let's also remind ourselves that these big events generate employment. They will bring large number of tourists to Brazil. So, I think that the majority of Brazilian society sees the benefit in hosting these events. Now, if there are views that are critical, I think they deserve to be heard as well, to the extent that they are expressed in a peaceful manner.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker has some reservations or doubts about the situation being discussed.

What is the PersonA's attitude towards the situation being discussed in turn 2?

Answer: Doubts


What is your guideline?When do you tell an officer he or she has to start recording?

NOPD policy requires them to record the entire encounter until any police action has ceased. So what we're finding out though sometimes the cameras aren't on. Sometimes they aren't wearing the cameras. And those are clear violations, but then there were also supervisors telling officers things like turn it off during, you know, sensitive matters, but not defining what a sensitive matter could be.

We're also hearing complaints that only parts of interactions are being recorded. That's one of the things we're hearing now. So the misconduct is occurring off-camera, but then they're recording, you know, perfectly professional encounters on camera. So that's one of the things we're also hearing now. And. . .

That's a big complaint and, of course, you wouldn't have any - ironically or incongruously - you wouldn't have a video record of that misconduct, but you would have a video record of them doing it right.

turn 0 : Implied meaning: The speaker is indirectly suggesting that they may have information or opinions that they are hesitant to share openly.

What kind of information or opinions might the speaker be hesitant to share openly?

Answer: Undisclosed


Martin Evans covers the case for the Telegraph. Thanks so much for being with us.

You're welcome.

Now, I think a lot of us in the United States remember this robbery because allegedly the alleged burglars used an industrial power drill to break through the vault. How did they conceal that?

They did indeed. Well, this robbery took place over Easter weekend in April, which is a long bank holiday weekend - a five-day holiday in the U. K.  All the businesses would've closed for four or five days. And around 8:30 p. m. , the alleged gang arrived in a van and started loading equipment in the street. Now, to any passerby, they would have perhaps looked like workmen carrying out some sort of repair work.

turn 1 : The literal meaning of "You're welcome" is to thank someone for what they have done, but the implied meaning is that the speaker is accepting the gratitude.

How did the speaker respond to the gratitude expressed by the other person?

Answer: You're


Well, I think we're at an interesting crossroads, because modern medicine has had to acknowledge that there are other forms of medicine because of the way people are spending their dollar. People spend more money seeing alternative practitioners than they do in seeing their primary care doctors. They make more visits to alternative care. The problem is now, that modern medicine is seeking to determine what's efficacious. It's seeking to try to squeeze everything into a biomedical model, in terms of testing and creating whatever evidence that, you know, they need to create, to write an article.

But you can't really do this with energy medicine. So I think that what's going to happen is you're having stronger associations of people that are naturopaths, chiropractors, people doing craniosacral work. So what's happening is that people are getting skills in areas that are allowing them to encroach on things that have previously been treated just by modern medicine. So when you - so people - clinics and hospitals are going to have to move more in the direction of an integrated medical facility.

Well, Dr.  Kokayi, great to talk to you.

I appreciate the time and just to share and put those ideas out there.

Dr.  Kamau Kokayi is the medical director of Kokayi Health Center for Holistic Medicine. He also hosts the New York radio show Global Medicine Review.

turn 0 : People are spending more on alternative medicine than primary care.

What is the problem modern medicine is trying to determine?

Answer: Efficacious


We're now going to take a look at another flood and what lessons it may have for Houston and other cities facing the possibility of disaster. Twenty years ago, 50,000 residents were evacuated from Grand Forks, N. D. , when the red river burst its banks. At the time, it was the largest displacement ever in an American city.

What followed was a painful process of raising homes, redrawing maps and building flood walls. The town has been well-protected ever since. Michael Brown has been the mayor of Grand Forks since the year 2000. And he joins us now. Good morning.

Good morning.

So can you remind us, first, of the devastation your city faced in 1997?Take us back.

turn 1 : "a painful process of raising homes, redrawing maps and building flood walls" implies that the recovery efforts in Grand Forks were challenging and required significant investment and resources, rather than a straightforward or easy process.

Which process was challenging, required significant investment and resources in Grand Forks?

Answer: Recovery


Yes, absolutely. It's an era that began shortly after the Civil War, when Congress, in order to allow the former Confederate states back into the Union, insisted that they hold constitutional conventions which would make it possible for black men to vote. And so that caused a kind of electoral revolution in the south. You suddenly had blacks not only voting, something that they were very enthusiastic about, but also electing black officials for the first time. So you had the beginning of a series of about 20 black congressmen who came to Washington from the south and served through - in the end of reconstruction in the late 1870s and then, as you mentioned, all the way up to George White, the very end of the century.

Now, you write about the first seven black members of Congress. What did they have in common beside their race?For example, they weren't all former slaves, were they?

The one thing that I think they had in common was that they all were very exceptional people. Some of them had been slaves. Some had been free blacks. What they had in common was a kind of a, you know, sort of ambition to lead and to serve.

Of these early black politicians, who stands out for you and why?

turn 3 : "Stands out"  meaning that who is the most exceptional, not meaning to stand outside of everyone else

Which word in the dialogue describes exceptional people?

Answer: exceptional


I got a glance over the weekend, and the sky was beautifully blue. I mean, really, it was wonderful. And the air pollution index for that day was exceedingly low. Also, it was like 17. That's lowest since I've been keeping track.

This, I think, has to do with changes in weather patterns that appeared to start somewhere in the first week of August. The arrival of rainfall and winds from the northeast and form the northwest, which would bring in cleaner air, and in particular lack of strong winds from the south that would bring up the heavy levels of pollution.

Yet, you've said earlier that the air pollution in Beijing mostly blows in from elsewhere. So these steps that the city officials have taken in recent months with changing traffic patterns and closing factories, really, that's not a factor here?

Well, you know, I've been looking at the day they very carefully tried to decide what is really going on this summer. We know that the controls did something. It's just that I, at least, am unable to pick out their effects in the data so far.

turn 3 : "unable to pick out their effects" means "unable to distinguish their effects" rather than "physically pick out their effects"

How did PersonA mean "unable to pick out their effects" in turn 3?

Answer: Distinguish


Well, the short answer's yes. The deforestation program in Brazil has been enormously successful. Between 2004 and 2012, deforestation fell by more than 80%. That's a shocking success. The challenge is that since 2012, deforestation has ticked up. There's also been a backlash against some of the environmental policies that were put in place under the former government.

Well, as we mentioned, Germany and Norway recently decided to pull their funding out of this Amazon Fund. What made them do that, specifically?

So this is largely an international response to concerns that deforestation is on the rise. And in particular, it's a response to the rhetoric that the administration of Jair Bolsonaro has been putting out. Bolsonaro has basically said to the people in the country that deforestation is OK, development at all costs is OK.  And a lot of scientists fear that that message is starting to take hold, that landowners in the hinterlands in the Amazon are starting to listen, and now they're burning their fields and they're taking advantage of this.

So do you think this latest move by Norway and Germany to freeze their funds could actually sway Bolsonaro?

turn 2 : Bolsonaro didn't literally say deforestation is okay, but his policies suggest he won't try to stop deforestation.

Which policies suggest Bolsonaro won't try to stop deforestation?

Answer: OK


But David, wasn't that what the banks were supposed to be doing themselves, getting that money that they were given, to - and lending it out to homeowners, to small-business owners?

Yes, exactly. And essentially, they took that money, and a lot of the banks hoarded it. Some actually paid out bonuses to their executives; others paid out dividends to their shareholders. It really angered a lot of lawmakers. There was actually a report out by a congressional oversight committee that criticized the current Treasury for not tracking the money and not forcing banks to lend out this money or for helping homeowners. Geithner is basically responding to those criticisms and doing those very things.

So, what's his plan to make sure that the oversight is improved by the Treasury Department?

Well, one idea he's considering is to create a separate bureau within Treasury. It would be easier to track the performance of the rescue program if it was separated out from the rest of the Treasury. That's the belief. But in addition to that, they are really thinking about creating whole - entire new programs that would force banks to reveal what they are doing with rescue money as well as support some of the markets that finance credit cards, auto loans, you know, municipal bonds. These are new programs that haven't yet existed.

turn 2 : Plan to make sure that the oversight is improved by the treasury Department

Which department is considering creating a separate bureau to track the performance of the rescue program?

Answer: Crowding


They do, but they won't help much in this case. There's a type of snail that eats them that unfortunately is also popular in the curio trade, but their numbers were never huge. There's some - actually some very small shrimp that will eat them, but, you know, there's only so much they can do.

When you have these outbreaks, the numbers of starfish are so much that it's beyond what any of their predators can do anything about.

And these are not your run-of-the-mill, see-them-on-the-beach five-legged starfish, are they?

No, no, I mean, they look like monsters. If you wanted to - you know, if you were to blow one of these things up really big, you could use it in a sci-fi movie.

turn 3 : look like monsters implies they're very ugly and having a look similar to monster, not referring to looking  or gazing the same way monster do

What is the appearance of the starfish described as in the dialogue?

Answer: Monstrous


Well, one of the big questions is going to be whether or not Donald Trump is able to turn out all of these new voters that he says he's going to be able to turn out. So if you look at the numbers on caucus night, if the numbers are about 150,000 or higher on the Republican side, people think that's a good day for Donald Trump. If there are 125,000 to 150,000, that's the number of people are saying could be good for Ted Cruz.

Democratic side, both Sen.  Sanders and Hillary Clinton seem to be getting good crowds.

For the Democrats, the thing to watch here is that Hillary Clinton has been in this state for two years organizing. They feel like they have their strong core base of support. They have Barack Obama's field operation there. Remember, he won this state in 2008. Bernie Sanders has a interesting complication because he's getting huge crowds. A lot of his supporters are young. They're college-age. The problem with them is that they're all concentrated in a few different places. He's winning more than a quarter of his vote right now in three counties. They're actually encouraging a lot of these kids to go back home so that they can filter out the vote in the rest of the state because the way delegates are picked, they need a little bit more of these kids to go back to other places. Otherwise, Hillary Clinton could wind up winning in rural counties and wind up beating Bernie Sanders, even though he might have a lot of vote concentrated in those cities.

All this concentration on Iowa - and I don't regret a moment on it. . .

turn 2 : They're actually encouraging a lot of these kids to go back home so that they can filter out the vote in the rest of the state because the way delegates are picked, they need a little bit more of these kids to go back to other places."  Implicated meaning: The campaign is strategically urging young supporters to return to their hometowns to vote, aiming to influence the outcome of delegate selection across the state.  Explanation: The literal meaning of the statement implies that the campaign is encouraging young supporters to leave the event and go back to their homes. However, the implicated meaning reveals a strategic motive behind this action, which is to distribute the youth vote across different areas to have a better chance at winning delegates.

How is the campaign aiming to influence the delegate selection across the state?

Answer: Distribute


Thank you. How are you?

I'm pretty good. Thank you. You must be stuck like glue on this, but, you know, you've played in three World Cups, including one of the wins for the U. S.  team in 1999. How would you describe what it's like to be out there on that field in that final game?

It's exhilarating, to be honest with you. And it's really interesting for me to watch on TV because on the game days, I feel similar to how I used to feel when I played just because I really still feel a kinship and a connection to the current team, even though it's been many years since I played. But I feel we're all connected and inspired by each other.

Well, what are your thoughts on this current team?

turn 1 : The person must be watching every moment and every detail of the games.

What does the statement imply about the person's behavior?

Answer: Attached


Was the jet stream actually screening out the cold air?Do I have that right?

Pretty much. The jet stream is typically the dividing line between the warm tropical air to the south and the cold, Arctic air to the north. And for the most part, it had retreated to close to the Canadian border for large parts of the winter.

Hmm. What about the "Farmers' Almanac"?I have to admit that I like picking it up and looking at it, and I sort of - I'm hesitant to even ask. Is there any science backing it up?

Well, I think the "Farmers' Almanac," they do look at some of the same things that NOAA look at, that AccuWeather looks at, as well as the Capital Weather Gang, when developing their outlooks. At the same time, they're using some more suspect features like sun spots and planetary alignments and things like that, which have never been proven to have any real predictive skill in terms of forecasting the weather in the long range.

turn 1 : The jet stream separates warm tropical air and cold Arctic air.

Answer: Cold


That's true.

Exactly. So, what's happening, Murray?

Well, you know, I think, just like copper and grain, I mean, I think there are shortages that arise every once in a while in important human commodities. And this is kind of a replay, to me, of when I became a clown. In the late 1960s, a lot of the real great master clowns were getting old and dying off. And so the Ringling Brothers show started the College of Clowns, which lasted until, I think, 1997. And I was in the second class.

You think people maybe react differently to clowns.

turn 2 : (3) A: Well, you know, I think, just like copper and grain, I mean, I think there are shortages that arise every once in a while in important human commodities. And this is kind of a replay, to me, of when I became a clown.  The literal meaning of this turn is that the speaker is drawing a comparison between shortages in important commodities, like copper and grain, and a shortage in "human commodities," which the speaker then explains is a reference to the shortage of great master clowns in the late 1960s. However, the implied meaning could be that the speaker is making a commentary on the current state of the world, suggesting that there are shortages in important areas beyond just physical commodities, such as in human connection, joy, or creativity. The speaker may be using the example of the clown shortage to illustrate this broader point, and to suggest that this shortage represents a larger trend of a loss of something valuable in society.

What is the speaker comparing the shortage of great master clowns to?

Answer: Copper,grain


(Reading) Never let them perceive that they can vex you or make you lose your self-command.

Too late.

Do you draw lesson from any of this, Mr.  Cordell?

Yeah, I mean, one of the most interesting things to me here is the way that there are these common threads. We find a lot of sentimental stories that were widely circulated, things that are supposed to evoke emotions - usually some sadness, even. And this reminds me of many of the videos that we see of soldiers coming home from war or, you know, children who have been granted, you know, a wish - sick children in particular. And to see these threads back into the 19th century, for me this removes the idea of virality just from the platform of the Internet. You know, we often talk about the Internet enabling virality, but it seems clear to me that there's something much deeper about the kinds of things that we share and why we share them that extends prior to the technology we're working with today.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be suggesting that there are some hidden or unknown factors that could influence the situation being discussed.

What is the speaker implying about the factors that influence the situation being discussed?

Answer: Unknown


So, I mean, I think it does definitely set a dangerous precedent, but I think if you're online, realistically, you have to assume that there's a great deal of data being accumulated about everything you do and you have to assume that your privacy always could be jeopardized. I think, you know, that's - from a common sense standpoint, you had to assume this would happen sooner or later.

Just quickly, what should you do if so?

That's a good question. I mean, I don't think there's an easy answer to that. Just be very aware that everything you're doing could be documented. I mean, there's ways you can do things from some other IP address other than your own. I mean, I think - people think of it as something that only matters as far as people stealing copyrighted work, but there's many other ratifications. I mean, people all around the world use things like Google and YouTube, and there have been cases of government entities seeking to use data to go after political dissidents for what they're doing online. . .

All right.

turn 0 : It is expected that your online privacy will be compromised.

Which precedent is being referred to in the dialogue?

Answer: danger


That's for sure. And what we really think this overdose, if it would be moved forward with a company, would be packaged as a shot to have on - hands on, you know, with an ambulance or ER clinics for, you know, life or death situations.

I don't think an antidote raises the ethical concerns. The ethical concerns would be more raised with what's known as the active vaccine, which basically requires multiple injections, and you have circulating antibodies for life in that potential individual.

So, you know, one could be potentially marked that you had that vaccine. The antidote vaccine we're developing now would be eliminated in the body within a matter of days.

turn 1 : "Doesn't it raise some ethical concerns about having an antidote?"  The literal meaning of the turn is that B is asking whether the development of an antidote raises ethical concerns. However, the implied meaning is that B is questioning the ethical implications of having an antidote that can quickly reverse the effects of an overdose. B is concerned that having an antidote might lead to people being less careful with their drug use and may increase the risk of overdoses.

How long would the antidote vaccine be eliminated from the body?

Answer: Days


Hurricane Dorian, now a Category 4 storm, is stalled over the northern Bahamas. It's moving at just 1 mile an hour as it pulls away and begins a turn to the north toward the southeastern United States. Storm surges, estimated at 15 to 20 feet, are crashing onto Grand Bahama Island. Over the weekend, Dorian left thousands of people on Abaco Island to the east without roofs, transportation and communications. Lindsay Thompson is with the Bahamas National Emergency Management Agency. She did not have any immediate information on casualties.

Preliminary information indicates that there is extensive flooding. Of course, there will be infrastructural damage when you have that level of a storm - a hurricane - historic, as well - passing through an island, which is relatively flat, as well. There's a lot of sand dunes. And so there is a concern for us with excessive flooding.

What about injuries?

Well, we haven't had any reports of injuries. Not that there aren't any, but we just don't have any reports of injuries as yet, if there are any.

Well, how much were the islands able to prepare for Hurricane Dorian?I mean, to stock up on adequate supplies, to make sure people got to shelters safely. Do you think there was enough time in advance?

turn 1 : The storm caused significant damage and flooding, which was expected given the flat terrain of the islands.

Which terrain is a concern for excessive flooding due to Hurricane Dorian?

Answer: Sand


Murray Horowitz. And I don't care how many operas you write, you're always going to be a clown.

You know, if, God forbid, I were elected president of the United States, the best thing on my resume will still be he was a clown in the Ringling Brothers Barnum and Bailey Circus.

Murray, thanks very much for being with us.

Thank you, Scott.

turn 2 : You will never be taken seriously no matter how hard you try.

What's the reason for Murray's lack of success?

Answer: None


Oh, no. As a matter of fact, I was delighted that I had had the opportunity to contribute to it. I had the option to volunteer for the program. I opted not to because I was very much involved in research that needed to be done. So I was - I turned down the opportunity because I felt that what we were doing was valuable for the future of our space program. As a matter of fact, the small 5-foot diameter parachute that we used to stabilize my freefall is still being used today in every ejection seat in the world. So what we did some 50 year - 55 years ago is still being used today.

What do you think about space exploration now?It struck me watching this that it's lost its human component, in a way. We send these unmanned missions into deep space, but we haven't really pushed human boundaries, I think, for quite some time.

I personally think that we should go back to the moon as soon as we can because there's a lot of lessons we need to learn before we can go to Mars, which should be the next great human adventure.

May I ask you a question?As you were standing on the precipice, you said a prayer. What was that prayer?What were you praying for?

turn 3 : The literal meaning of "precipice" is a very steep cliff or slope, but in this context it is used metaphorically to refer to the moment before the takeoff, when the speaker was standing on the edge of a new and daring adventure.

Which word is used metaphorically to refer to the moment before takeoff in the dialogue?

Answer: Precipice


(Singing) I've got a question When you open your eyes And you see the Sunrise Are you strengthened?

'Cause the tear in your eye Is like a sad song Or a sweet lullaby Like the birds in the sky

Is it alright?Where has the love gone?Hold on. So I left my worries in the sand

Let's talk through some of the songs on your album. You're working with Victor Redwood Sawyerr.

turn 1 : The tear in your eye is not a literal tear, but a metaphor for sadness or emotions

Which word in the dialogue is used as a metaphor for sadness or emotions?

Answer: tear


And then it's like, it kind of makes it more of a treat.

(Singing) You took me from the shelter of a mother I had never known…

I read that - about you having, as we all do, ups and downs in life. In 1977, I read that your mother died, which was a painful period for you.

Very.

But the very next year, you gave birth to a son.

turn 4 : Giving birth to a son could imply that the speaker was able to find hope and joy despite their pain.

Answer: Son


Help us understand how - what life has been like in Venezuela over the past few years that's brought the country to this point.

Venezuela's shockingly misgoverned. It's hard to wrap your head around a country that has lost half of its GDP in five years without a war. That's worse economic performance than Syria. It's the - only the first case of hyperinflation in Latin America in the 21st century. Inflation is running at over 1 million percent a year, and prices are doubling every three weeks or so. And so what we've seen is a mass exodus. People have just walked - in many cases, actually walked - tens, hundreds of kilometers to the border of Colombia and Brazil to find a better life in neighboring countries.

So it's a first humanitarian crisis in South America in the 21st century. And neighboring countries have never seen anything like it. Colombia had to send a fact-finding team to the Turkish-Syrian border to figure out how to deal with an influx of hundreds of thousands of desperate, hungry people.

Can your reporters operate freely?

turn 1 : mass exodus meaning people leaving in large numbers to escape the situation they no longer wish to be a part of

Which term describes the situation in which people leave their home country in large numbers to escape the unfavorable conditions?

Answer: Exodus


I don't think they picked Deming necessarily. You know, we just happen to be a big border patrol station as well as our neighboring county. They're dropping off here as well - the Hidalgo County drops here as well.

How are these people - the asylum-seekers being housed in an airport hangar - how are they handling things?

You'd be surprised. I think they're - you know, they're a little - you know, I guess they're a little worried when they first show up. But then, I think, it's actually better than most places they've been, and that's what they tell us. So they have more room and more freedom than most places they've been, so they're actually really happy.

And how is the community of Deming handling this influx of new people?

turn 0 : The reason for choosing Deming is not necessarily related to its location or qualities.

What was the reason for choosing Deming?

Answer: Selection


What were some of the challenging parts of school?What did you find the hardest?

Reading, studying my lessons. You know, because I had to read more, you know, and because, you know, as you get older, your short-term memory sort of fails you once in a while. So to make sure that you got the material where you could reproduce it, you had to study a little harder and do a little more research.

So tell me what graduation day was like?

Oh, the best day of my life, I guess. Life doesn't get any better. Life doesn't get any better. With my family there, all my friends cheering me on, I felt like I was 16 years old. What a day. What a day. I was happy. Everybody was pleased. They gave me a good ovation. I really enjoyed it. I really did. I cannot explain to you in words my feelings.

turn 3 : Oh, the best day of my life, I guess.Life doesn't get any better.Life doesn't get any better.With my family there, all my friends cheering me on, I felt like I was 16 years old.What a day.What a day.I was happy.Everybody was pleased.They gave me a good ovation.I really enjoyed it.I really did.I cannot explain to you in words my feelings.

Answer: Happy


Yeah.

Well, Mayor Belangia, good luck. I hope I see Oriental someday. It sounds like a lovely place.

Please do. You will fall in love with it.

And I'll bring a loaf of bread for you.

turn 2 : The speaker is confident in the appeal of Oriental and believes that the listener will enjoy visiting the place.

Which place does the speaker believe the PersonB will enjoy visiting?

Answer: Oriental


There also seemed to be some significant milestones this week about the ongoing debate over - is this Trump's party now?We saw a lot of well-known intellectuals sort of leave the party. Longtime Republican strategist Steve Schmidt said he quit the Republican Party. Conservative columnist George Will called for Republicans to lose their majorities. And the sad death of Charles Krauthammer also seemed to signal maybe an end of an era here.

I think it is. Charles was a friend and a colleague. And I think his loss isn't just to conservatism in particular, but it's to political discourse in general because Charles was an - a conservative intellectual, not a Republican partisan. There was nothing tribal about him. So that was a really big loss.

Do you think there's any impact for people like Steve Schmidt leaving the party?

You mean impact on him?Well, he's not going to get Republican clients anymore. But. . .

(Laughter).

turn 0 : No actual stones marking miles, but events that mark changes in other events.

Which kind of milestones were referred to in the conversation?

Answer: Party


Well, the government, it's been a little late and a little ad hoc, you know, beginning with the bailout of Bear Stearns. You know, the solutions were simply antiseptic, one-off types of solutions that ultimately led to bigger problems, and now, of course, in the last few weeks, the potential for one giant massive solution, but the ad hoc nature of it and the timeliness of the response has been a little lacking, in my opinion.

Well, now, we have this $850 billion rescue plan, $250 billion of that going directly into banks. That's something that you have called for in the last month. The government is responding. Still, in the markets, you don't see a sense of calm, and you write about that. America is afraid, you say.

Yes. America's afraid. Investors are afraid, and, you know, the delicate combination between Wall Street and Main Street has reinforced the fear of each.

From what I read, a fundamental source of the fear is this continuing uncertainty about what assets are worth. You have offered to help the government with that?You said you'd do it for nothing. Have you heard back from anybody at the Treasury?Have they called you up to say, gee, great, thanks, let's go to work?

Well, there have been discussions, Alex. We haven't had any final decision. We hope to hear, I suppose, within the next 24 to 48 hours, and so. . .

turn 0 : The government has not handled the financial crisis effectively.

How has the government responded to the financial crisis?

Answer: a


The advice I'd give to others is, do your homework, and don't be afraid to do it. The one rule I gave myself was, it's OK if you fail. And coming from a type-A legal background, you don't make any mistakes. But in business, you have to be flexible. So, I allowed myself the freedom to make those mistakes and grow from them.

Have there been any moments when being an African-American entrepreneur has either hurt you or at least given some food for thought?

I'll take the food for thought. I'm a member of the International Spa Association. That's a pretty high-end spa group. And that market's OK, but other trade shows I would do, people would walk up and they'd say, oh, is this a black skin-care company?And I'm thinking, well, everybody has skin, irrespective of who you are - because they see me there. Even though the woman on the cover, model is - she's kind of every woman. She's actually Filipino and German, but people can't tell her background. But when they see my face there, they assume it's a company just for African-American skin, which is not the case.

When you think about that aspect of marketing, do you think that black companies that market directly to African-Americans, just very briefly, have an advantage or disadvantage over businesses like yours?

turn 2 : Assuming a product is only for African-American skin based on the founder's race is wrong and harmful.

What assumption do people make about the company based on the founder's race?

Answer: African-American


What would happen in a civil contempt is that you would basically be trying to hold the attorney general - get a court order that he was in contempt. And the court would have a hearing. And Justice Department would intervene, and they would fight the contempt citation. And then the court would have a ruling. And that's how the process kind of operates theoretically. What normally happens is the court does not like to step into executive legislative disputes, and they will urge both sides to try to accommodate one another. I think it would only be if the court determined that the Justice Department was really in bad faith would they then hold the attorney general in contempt.

Let me ask you this. If this matter does land in court, if litigation is actively pursued, that could take months. It could take years even. And if the goal is to get information from Attorney General William Barr, how is this an effective strategy?Pursuing a contempt case could result in a huge delay, right?

I think the reality is is that the rules of subpoenas right now as we're discussing in many ways work in favor of the executive for the exact reason that you are hinting at in your question, which is they can run the clock. They can probably run the clock on the enforcement question for months, if not years. And they might be able to even run it up to the next election.

Right. So if the White House intends to stonewall, do you think it's even a wise strategy on the part of the Democrats right now to be talking about contempt?

turn 0 : The court may not intervene in executive legislative disputes.

How does the court handle executive legislative disputes?

Answer: Not


Really, the link is, you know, if you strip away the neuroses, maybe. You know what I'm saying?I spend all day being other people - literally transforming. You know, for a book to function, it's not - I can tell the difference between realities. But it has to be a functioning reality. The character has to be real. And I imagine that's exactly what happens for a spy who was, you know, in deep cover.

I just think, yes, I wouldn't make it for a second if I had to do it in front of another person. So if you take the privacy of the room away, maybe that's the link. It's about inhabiting other realities in a convincing - beyond convincing. It has to be more than that. It has to be real for the person.

Nathan Englander, his book "Dinner At The Center Of The Earth. "Thanks so much for being with us.

Oh, truly, thank you.

turn 1 : In turn 2, the speaker is implying that the privacy of the room is important for them to be able to inhabit other realities and make them believable.

Which book did the speaker in turn 2 mention?

Answer: Dinner


And that's despite the fact that medics there say they need more supplies, they don't have what they need.

Well, again, we have a very long and porous border with eastern Congo. So knowing exactly where cases may come across is always a difficult thing to know. But we, the U. S.  government, as well as WHO and other partners, have been working very assiduously with the government of Uganda over the last 11 months while this outbreak has been going on in eastern Congo to help build their capacity. Supplies are always a challenge in terms of supply chain, moving things where they need to go. But we feel fairly comfortable that the ability to respond and respond quickly exists here in Uganda.

You mentioned this long and porous border. So the first case in Uganda was this 5-year-old boy who reportedly went to Congo, got the virus there then came back to Uganda with his grandmother, and they both passed. How are the borders being handled?Is security being stepped up?

Since the outbreak in DRC in August of last year, we have worked, along with other partners, with the government of Uganda, to establish screening along the border posts.

turn 0 : This implies that the lack of adequate medical supplies has been affecting the medics response to the virus.

Which country is mentioned in the statement as having medics in need of more supplies?

Answer: Response


(Laughter).

. . . And who he, Mr.  Trump, says are helping to rig the election with biased media coverage in any case?

Yeah. Well, yeah. I guess that - I guess we are definitely - us corrupt journalists are definitely the ones who are in the danger zone here. But the real problem here is - let's presume - and all the polls are pointing in this direction - Hillary Clinton wins. You know, we could be having. . .

But - which we don't presume when we cover the news.

turn 3 : This implies that B is pushing back against the idea that journalists presume Clinton will win and are biased in their coverage.

Which idea is PersonB pushing back against?

Answer: Presumption


Is it in anyway because to a lot of people, the internet is a place?

It is. And when people sometimes say, I bought it on the internet, maybe they're thinking it's like, I bought in France.

(Laughter).

But it's not a place. It's a network of places. It's here. It's there. It's everywhere.

turn 3 : The internet is not a single, centralized location, but rather a decentralized network of interconnected devices that spans the globe. It exists everywhere and nowhere at the same time, making it difficult to define as a physical place.

Which term describes the internet's physical existence?

Answer: nowhere


By now, you've probably heard this song over and over and over again - in commercials, on the radio, on TV shows. The tune, "We Are Young," shot the band fun. into stardom. So this summer we're following fun. on their world tour, to see how long they can keep that fame going.

As bands get bigger, so does the size of their road crew. On this check-in, we spoke with Jackie Finney, who's the band's lighting director.

Basically, when a band hires a designer, they put together a look that - you know, when you go to see a live show, that's what you see. It can be anything from video to special effects - like, confetti - to the lighting fixtures. And we go into a warehouse, and we build the entire thing, and we set up the lighting console. And we program, cue-by-cue, every single step of every single song. So if you have, like, a really upbeat song - like, for example, their new single "Some Nights. "It's such a big hit when they play it. And I always start the lights sort of in the crowd, when that drum beat kicks in.

So for a song that's really upbeat and moving fast, I would do something like a white light, that's going to be bright and in people's faces. And then for a really slow ballad, there is more of like, ambers and magentas that are just like, kind of soft and just really beautiful.

turn 3 : "going to be bright and in people's faces" - This is a figurative expression that means the light will be very intense and noticeable.

What does the expression "going to be bright and in people's faces" mean?

Answer: Intense


You know, a lot of people who are successful at their jobs identify very strongly with their jobs, with their profession. They say, I am Joe Blow and. . .

Yes.

I work at X company and that's a big strong part of their identity. And so I imagine when those people lose their jobs, it's particularly devastating because a part of their identity is gone.

Right. I ask people to sort of, you know, draw out a pie chart like if you had a circle and you're going to divide the different parts of the circle into who you are. You're a brother, sister, son, father, mother, whatever, daughter, friend, you're a member of a community, you're somebody who can help other people. There's a tendency in our society to overidentify with the role of a job, but we're many, many, many other things. So redefining and sort of expanding your definition of who you are is a magnificent way of empowering yourself.

turn 0 : Joe Blow isn't a real person. It implies someone who is just a regular guy who has little power.

Answer: Regular.


The yield curve has inverted for a full quarter, and that has been associated with predicting a recession for the last seven recessions. So from 1960s, this indicator has been reliable in terms of foretelling a recession. And also, importantly, it has not given any false signals yet.

So that would mean yes (laughter).

That means yes.

OK. So let me break down - let me ask you to break down what that means. What is the yield curve, and what does it mean when it's inverted?

turn 2 : A is confirming that the yield curve has inverted.

What has PersonA confirmed about the yield curve?

Answer: A


Well, certainly in some cases in expensive cities still need some help but much less help. On a minimum wage of $12 an hour, a couple - two full-time minimum wage workers - would earn $50,000 a year. That certainly doesn't make you affluent, it doesn't make you rich, but you can get by reasonably well on $50,000 a year.

And you don't think jobs will leave the state?

Some jobs, but probably a lot fewer than most people think. There have actually been a lot of recent studies in the last five or 10 years that have turned around the economic sentiment on this issue. In most cases, in nearly all cases, the jobs we're talking about for these workers are in the low-wage service sector. They're non-tradable. They're not subject to foreign competition. They can't be outsourced. Those jobs are exactly the sort of jobs where the employers would simply pass along the extra costs to the consumer. They'd raise prices and keep their workers at a much higher paycheck. Furthermore, the price rises we're talking about are very much smaller than most people would realize. Wal-Mart is America's largest low-wage employer. Three hundred thousand Wal-Mart workers average about $9 an hour. All Wal-Mart would have to do to cover a $12 minimum wage is raise their prices by 1. 1 percent one time. The average Wal-Mart shopper would pay only an extra $12. 50 per year. People wouldn't even notice the price hike.

Well, if the goal is to lift low-wage workers above the poverty level, is $12 an hour really enough?

turn 2 : (3) Implied meaning: Will the employers have to bear the cost of the minimum wage increase?

How would Wal-Mart cover a $12 minimum wage increase?

Answer: Prices


. . . the French press is hard to nail because there's. . .

Yeah.

. . . so many variables that are outside of your control.

Right. Right. And it's our Video Pick of the Week up there on our website, and it's beautiful animation.

turn 0 : The French coffee machine that presses beans is hard to understand.

Answer: shopping


OK.

OK.  Palace Council?

Well, the term palace council in the title is left as a semi-mystery to the reader, but I'll give a bit of a clue. It's a clue to the structure of the conspiracy that Eddie and Aurelia spend the book trying to tease out. The conspiracy that I mentioned influenced the highest levels of American government. I kind of like the name, because the idea of a palace council is the advisors behind the throne, rather than the people exercising authority. And that's, of course, how the powerful families in this book see themselves.

Agony?

The term Agony in the novel is the name of a radical, left-underground group in the 1960s that blows things up. I made up the name, but not the idea. Eddie's sister, Junie (ph), disappears early in the novel, then turns up later on as a member of this radical, underground group, and Eddie spends most of the novel really trying to search for his sister. For him the conspiracy isn't central, for him his sister is central. Aurelia, my other protagonist, is trying to track down the conspiracy. Eddie runs into the conspiracy while trying to track down his sister.

turn 4 : Eddie's search for his sister is more important than the conspiracy

What is Eddie's main priority in the novel?

Answer: sister


Well, some of their problems - they're doing very badly in the polls - is due to the personality of the Democratic Party leader, Matteo Renzi. He has a very sharp Tuscan wit, which, to non-Tuscans, makes him sound like an obnoxious smart aleck. And he's deeply disliked within his own party. Several members of the leftist old guard accused Renzi of being too centrist. They broke away, and that strongly weakened the party.

Under the party leadership, Italy's economy came out of a very devastating recession. And it has grown in the last five years, not as fast as its European partners. But it's done much better. And the party also passed a landmark civil rights legislation with a civil unions law for same-sex couples, despite the strong influence of the Catholic Church in politics. But, you know, the party's push for structural reforms was strongly resisted by both the right and the left. Italians are essentially conservative. They don't like change. But the populists are really pushing a vision of the past. And they're strongly skeptical of the European Union. And if they came to power, that could further destabilize the EU at a time when the bloc is already dealing with Britain's exit and growing authoritarianism in member states like Poland and Hungary.

Sylvia, thanks very much.

Thank you, Renee.

turn 0 : Matteo Renzi's sharp wit is perceived as obnoxious by non-Tuscans

How is Matteo Renzi's personality perceived by non-Tuscans?

Answer: Obnoxious


Well, you know, we've done a bunch of these kinds of stories that run in the body issue. And we've done everything from the importance of the glute to the strange secret ritual of the team shower. And we thought, gosh, we've kind of gone there with every other story. The last thing to explore was pee breaks.

I want to talk about the Tour de France in particular. These guys are on their bikes for hours and hours and hours. But it's the Tour leader wearing a yellow jersey, I might add, who gets to signal - is this right?- when it's time for the riders to pull over for a bit of relief?

It turns out, yeah. One of the greatest honors, according to the riders, of getting the yellow jersey is that you get to control when everybody else who's racing stops for a little bit of a pee break.

Which is extraordinary.

turn 2 : Getting the yellow jersey in the Tour de France is a great honor because it allows the wearer to control when the other riders stop for a bathroom break. Implicated meaning: The yellow jersey is a symbol of leadership in the Tour de France, and controlling when bathroom breaks happen is seen as a demonstration of power and control over the other riders.

What honor do Tour de France riders receive when they wear the yellow jersey?

Answer: Control


No. He said that he doesn't knock out his defense of assistance. That's kind of a Buddy did.

Bill Rhoden, thank you very much.

Hey, Tony, it's always a pleasure.

That was New York Times sports columnist William C.  Rhoden. Bill's books include "Third in the Mile: The Trials and Triumphs of the Black Quarterback. "He joined us, as always, from our studios in New York.

turn 0 : He said he doesn't demean his defense of assistance. That's something another person would do.

How did the person mentioned in turn 0 behave towards his defense of assistance?

Answer: Respect


And, you know, in 2015, the Supreme Court ruled the Affordable Care Act is constitutional by calling the penalty for not having insurance a tax. And Congress has the power to tax people. So these attorneys general come in, and they argued that since Congress eliminated that tax penalty, the law can no longer stand. And that's what the judge agreed to last night. And he took that argument, and he struck down the entire law.

Now, it's going to be appealed.

Yeah.

The attorney general of California's already said so.

turn 0 : The judge rejected the law so hard that it's being compared to striking something down.

Answer: Struck


What did you really face when it came to dealing with your colleagues?

The majority of the Secret Service agents were very acceptable of me coming in to the White House detail. There were only a few who were dead-set against any integration policies or equal-opportunity policies that were being enforced by President Kennedy, giving equal opportunity to all people, regardless of race, religion, color or ethnic background.

And I think that President Kennedy was serious, and he was doing these things not for a political purpose, but because he felt it in his heart that America could be a much better place if we didn't have all of these divisions and restrictions on people of ethnic backgrounds and minorities.

So now I foresaw that the weaknesses in the protection on President Kennedy would allow his assassination if any serious attempt would be made against his life, and I did everything in my power to stem that threat against our young president.

What threats did you hear against the president's life and when?

We had many threats. It was just like a thunderstorm of threats during the early part of 1963, going in to November. As a matter of fact, in Miami, Florida, we were told at a record meeting here in Chicago that a tape-recording had been made of some Cubans who were discussing how they were going to assassinate the president.

turn 3 : "I did everything in my power to stem that threat against our young president" - The actual meaning of this turn is not the literal meaning of "stemming a threat", which would involve stopping or slowing down the source of the threat like a river or tide. Here, it means that the speaker took actions to prevent harm to President Kennedy.

Which word describes the action taken by PersonA to prevent harm to President Kennedy?

Answer: Prevent


So when we are forced to cut, we have to decide which is the best way to do it. We can do a shallow cut, like 10 percent 20 percent of the full ration. Or we can do a deep cut if we think the contributions will not be coming in anytime soon. The difficulty with doing a deep cut is that over the longer period, of course, people will become malnourished. Their immune systems will be suppressed. And if the cuts continue, or they're getting absolutely no food from WFP, inevitably, over time, they will fall sick. And, ultimately, many people will perish.

So - I mean, forgive me. It's one thing to make appealing ads that people are in danger of starving to death. What you're saying now is, because there's a crunch for aid, people are in danger of dying slowly.

That's what, in the end, will happen to the most vulnerable. It's the women and the children who will go first. The difficulty about the situation confronting us in 2018, however, is that it comes on the heels of 2017, when the world really pulled itself together, and our donors and donors for other organizations stepped up and provided a lot of funding because we were facing what was said to be the greatest humanitarian needs. . .

Yeah.

turn 2 : (3) is different from its literal meaning. While the speaker is describing the vulnerability of women and children in a humanitarian crisis, the implied meaning is that despite the significant amount of funding provided in 2017, the situation has worsened in 2018 and there is still a critical need for aid.

What is the speaker highlighting in turn 3?

Answer: Vulnerability


It's very important to me. But also I had to try and understand how somebody so remarkable would think of herself and how would people see her. And what I realized, as a result of my research, was that there was this entire tradition of women warriors in France at that time - quite celebrated - and they had fought. They had worn men's clothes and they were celebrated, like Joan of Arc had been many years before, and perhaps that was the tradition that she fitted into.

It did occur to me reading the novel - and you want to be careful with this sort of thing - but if Julie a'Aubigny had been alive now, someone would've said, well, there's a support group you ought to join.

(Laughter) Oh, look, I think if she arrived now, we would still be amazed. She would still be larger than life. She's like an Olympic gold medalist combined with Lady Gaga. She's that remarkable. And she would probably still be a star today. There's not really anybody like her now.

And like a lot of great stars we could mention, she didn't last a long a course, did she?

turn 0 : Her life was a representation of the celebrated tradition of women warriors in France at that time.

Which country had a tradition of women warriors?

Answer: France