Well, like you were saying, these 737 Max jets - they had an automated system, and it was designed to keep the planes safe, to keep them in the air and avoid stalls, but it malfunctioned. And as many people know, that sent the planes into a nosedive, and two of them crashed, and 346 people were killed. There's, of course, been a lot of scrutiny, ongoing investigations, concerns that the Federal Aviation Administration maybe handed off too much responsibility to Boeing itself without doing proper government oversight.

This report doesn't deal with all of that, and the crash specifically. What this is is interesting. It's a small group of Boeing board members who've themselves been digging into this and looking for ways to improve safety at the company. And they're about to come out with recommendations about how this company could reshape itself in the wake of these devastating crashes.

What can you tell us about what these recommendations - what this report will say?

Well, there's a lot of stuff, but one big thing would be that - to change who the engineers who work on these airplanes actually work on them. Currently, they - many of them report to the business leader for each airplane model that this engineer or that engineer might happen to be working on.

How did the engineers work on airplanes before the recommended changes?

Answer: Report


Captain, thanks for coming on the program.

You're welcome. Thank you for having me.

So as I understand, you began your transition in 2016. And I know a lot of this policy and whether it applies depends on where someone is in that process. Does this policy apply to you?

Well, so any policy that the DOD implements is going to apply to me as a member of the DOD. I think, specifically, I'll be part of the so-called grandfather clause here and be, quote-unquote, "OK" as we move forward. And so maybe not in the specific sense, but I think it applies in general that any time you put a policy in place that affects a specific group of people, i. e. transgender people in this case, it's going to affect me, whether directly or because of the implications and the intention behind it.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker's use of a particular tone or emphasis suggests that they may be implying something indirectly, without stating it explicitly.

How did the speaker imply something indirectly?

Answer: Indirectly


And will it be in the same place or just adjacent to the ruins?

So the plan now is for the arch to be displayed in three cities - in London and in New York and in Dubai. Then we've been invited by Syria to place the arch near the site in Palmyra where the original one stood. Now, needless to say, we'll need to ensure that we have all necessary permissions from our government and from the Syrian government before that happens. But that is the plan at the moment.

As I don't have to tell you, Mr.  Michel, digital reconstruction is getting so good it's created a controversy. And we've done stories in Bosnia and in Afghanistan where there are people who are concerned that these reconstructions, in their own way, try to expunge history.

turn 0 : So the arch was selected by the director general of Antiquities and Museums himself as the first object for recreation. And we are in the process now of recreating it, for all appearances, be identical to the arch in terms of its physical appearance at the time of its destruction.  Implicated meaning: The speaker is referring to recreating the arch to the best of their ability to match its original physical appearance before it was destroyed. The implied meaning is that they are aiming for an accurate representation, rather than creating an exact replica.

Which object is being recreated to match its physical appearance at the time of its destruction?

Answer: Arch


So before - so just in case that happens, you were there for the eclipse. How was it?

The eclipse - you know, people say, how was the eclipse?It was fantastic. How did it compare to others?I have no idea. It was the first one I ever saw. But the scientists seemed pleased that were watching it with me both as a scientific event and as a spiritual event. So it was a really good example of a total solar eclipse.

That is NPR's science correspondent Joe Palca reporting from Chile.

Joe, come back.

turn 0 : case implies a situation and not a pack or suitcase

What kind of event was the eclipse for A?

Answer: Total


Yes. Not a lot of people, but if you go into the databases where all these academic reports are kept and where they reference each other, you find that a lot of these reports, other people did cite him. And sometimes I've gone in and looked at those later reports by other people that mention Trinkaus' reports. And it seems to me that many times they didn't really read his report. They just - they saw he did a report that's about something related to what they're doing and they mentioned him. There are a surprising number of studies in academia that are like that, that mentioned earlier reports by other people and it's not clear whether they actually read those reports.

In hearing about him, I feel like there are shades of the 19th century naturalists who just went around tallying the things they saw around - around them. Do you think he was inspired by that at all or thinks of himself that way?

I don't know whether he was inspired by them, but that has always struck me as being the type of person he is. He looks around. He gets annoyed at what somebody's doing or lots of people, and it makes him curious. He doesn't just sit there and fume and have steam come out his ears or nose or whatever. He sits there and he counts and he documents it, and then he publishes that someplace where other people can read about it.

But he doesn't, at the same time, make any arguments about it. He just sticks to the facts, huh?

turn 0 : Many academic reports are cited without actually being read.

Which reports are cited without being read?

Answer: Earlier


In Larry Nassar's statement to the court last year just before he was sentenced, he said he'd been impacted to his inner-most core by the testimony of his victims, including yourself. But he did not apologize. He was, though, sentenced to life in prison. Did you feel resolution walking away from that day?

You know, I did in the sense that Larry will never be able to hurt another child. And I take great comfort in that. That being said, Larry was a symptom of the problem. And that's something, again, that I really wanted to dig into in the book. Larry didn't just magically appear as one of the most prolific predators in campus history, in sports history and in history in general. He didn't magically appear that way. He was enabled and sheltered by powerful organizations, by law enforcement agencies that mishandled or refused to investigate reports of sexual misconduct. And so while we were able to stop Larry, what really remains to be done and the work that has just begun is dealing with the institutions and the dynamics that left him in power.

Rachael Denhollander is an activist and former gymnast. Her book "What Is A Girl Worth?"and her children's book "How Much Is A Little Girl Worth?"are out now. Rachael, thank you so much.

Thank you.

turn 0 : Impacted to the "inner-most core" is not literally. It's not the core of his body, it just means that it affected him greatly.

What was the name of Rachael Denhollander's children's book?

Answer: How


Oh, we anticipate that to be the case. We've demonstrated this with antibodies, monoclonal antibodies. I mentioned enzymes already. And so we anticipate quite a range of potential utility for therapeutics.

So you think this a game-changer for storing drugs?

Well, we are very optimistic, yes. I think it could certainly have a major impact.

I want to thank you very much for taking time to be with us today, and good luck to you. It's very fascinating.

turn 1 : The antibodies and enzymes have potential for therapeutic use.

Which elements have potential for therapeutic use?

Answer: Antibodies,Enzymes


Yeah.

It's a little more controversial in the Senate race because it looks like bad ballot design might've cost Bill Nelson mightily because Broward County. . .

Yeah.

. . . Is a very Democratic county. And they had a tremendous number of undervotes - that is, no one voting in the Senate race - because it appears that a good number of people, perhaps as many as 20,000, might have missed the Senate race because it was in the lower left-hand corner right under the instructions. And if you look at the Senate race compared to all the other races, it got fewer votes in Broward County, even compared to. . .

turn 1 : The Senate race was controversial due to bad ballot design.

Which race was affected by bad ballot design?

Answer: Senate


So, over a matter of time you're looking for larger trends. How has the average of all the polls moved over time. And say, Alex.

Yeah?

Did you hear the one about the three pollsters who went duck hunting?

No, I didn't.

So, the three pollsters go duck hunting, and the first one fires and misses the flock of ducks high. And the next one fires and misses the flock of ducks low. And the third pollster shouts, We got them.

turn 2 : A is telling a joke instead of discussing the topic

What is PersonA doing instead of discussing the topic?

Answer: Joke


Well, things are more quiet than usual. There's many, many fewer people and cars out on the street during the day because of the day of mourning. People are just (unintelligible). And it's also the weather is really bad. There is like a storm and cold and rain, so people are staying home, and then some people go out to celebrate New Year's Eve tonight. A lot of people won't because of the situation.

But it's a situation that is reflected all over the Arab world and many other parts of the world where people are really angry about what's going on. They think Israel is using excessive force. But they feel frustrated because they can't do anything about it, and their governments aren't - seemingly aren't doing anything about it either.

Leaders are calling for an end to the violence, but there hasn't been much talk in terms of specifics. What can be done to accomplish that goal of ending these attacks?

Well, if they wanted to do something, they could a lot - diplomatically, politically, economically - but they are really more talk than action. This is the problem. The Arab leaders I think genuinely share their people's anger with what's going on in the Israeli attack. Many Arab leaders are also angry at Hamas. They don't like Hamas very much.

turn 1 : 'Leaders are calling for an end to the violence, but there hasn't been much talk in terms of specifics.' implies that leaders are not taking specific actions to end the violence.

What is the situation that is reflected all over the Arab world and many other parts of the world where people are really angry about what's going on?

Answer: Israeliattack


I think it's also worth noting that the money here is astronomically higher than what an insurance commissioner normally raises. It was donated three years in advance to when Causey would have been running for re-election. He hadn't even announced his re-election bid here. And the maximum that donors can give in this state is $5,400 per person.

Any response from Hayes or the other defendants?

I've left Chairman Hayes a voicemail. I have not heard from him. He has not said anything publicly. We have not heard from any of the other ones, any other folks who have been indicted at this time.

And to pull back for a moment, what about the state Republican Party?

turn 1 : To pull back for a moment means to take a step back and consider the bigger picture.

Which phrase means to consider the bigger picture?

Answer: Consider


And, of course, this comes just a few hours after the president announced a new acting chief of staff. And I emphasize the word acting because that's unusual.

Yeah. So Mick Mulvaney is the head of the Office of Management and Budget. Until recently, he was also the acting head of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau but - which he wanted to destroy. But then a permanent head of that agency was confirmed. And so then he only had one job. Now he has two once again. He will be the acting chief of staff. According to the White House, he will do - he will only focus on chief of staff work. He will not do budget work. His deputy there will do that. But he will continue to be in that job - or both jobs. And presumably, the president will be looking for a more long-term chief of staff, though long term is all relative, especially in this administration.

NPR White House correspondent Tamara Keith, thanks so much.

You're welcome.

turn 1 : All ideas are different between all human beings.

What is emphasized by PersonB in their statement?

Answer: unusual


It's great to be with you, Ira. Thank you.

I'm just looking at the abstract of your study, and some of these numbers are amazing. Seventy-two percent, 72 of all Americans think that global warming should be a very high or medium or a priority for the president and the Congress. That crosses all party lines.

It does. It includes 84 percent of Democrats, 68 percent of independents and 52 percent of Republicans. So yes, there is this difference between Democrats and Republicans. But nonetheless, a majority of Republicans do think that global warming should be a priority for our elected officials.

Ah. Great question. So one of the things that became very clear to us early in our research was that Americans don't speak with a single voice on this issue. And in fact, what we've identified is what we call a global warming's six Americas, that essentially you can look at the country and find that there are six very different communities within the United States, that each respond to this issue in very different ways. One group we call the alarmed. That's only about 12 percent of the public.

turn 3 : So why are we all under the impression that there is not this majority? (Literal meaning: asking for an explanation for the discrepancy between the actual support for global warming priority and the perception that such support is lacking)

How many different communities did the researchers identify within the United States?

Answer: Six


And so the - now we know as a result, I think, of Mueller's diligence and quiet pursuit of just the facts that there were more than 80 contacts between members of the Trump campaign and Russian agents. There were - there have been - developed more than 20 meetings between people in his orbit and Russian agents. His national security advisers pled guilty. His campaign chairman's on trial. His deputy campaign chairman's on trial. And yet he continues to call this a witch hunt. And, you know, I can't help but thinking that the hunters have caught some witches here.

And for you being a target of this investigation, what else are you waiting to find out from the investigation?

Well, I'd like to see the - you know, obviously, this is going to be a difficult case to bring to trial in the United States. These are 12 foreign agents, military intelligence agents who undertook this operation as laid out in great detail in the indictment. I'd like to see it brought to justice. I can't wait for President Trump to ask President Putin on Monday whether he'd agree to extradite them to face the bar of justice. And I'd like to be in the court if they were here. I'm not holding my breath either for the fact that Trump will do that or that Putin would agree. But, ultimately, you know, I don't think those agents would probably be vacationing in Western Europe, so. . .

John Podesta, thank you very much for joining us. He - John Podesta's the former chairman of Hillary Clinton's 2016 presidential campaign. Thanks much.

turn 0 : "And yet he continues to call this a witch hunt. And, you know, I can't help but thinking that the hunters have caught some witches here." (The literal meaning of "witch hunt" refers to a search for people who are accused of witchcraft, but here it is being used figuratively to refer to the investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 US presidential election.)

What is the investigation into Russian interference being compared to in turn 0?

Answer: Barofjustice.


You know, you're helping a lot of people, Mr.  Mayor.

Well, I hope I am. I don't see it, and that's what scares me most of all. We care about everybody. We have to reach out for all of them and try to be successful for them to help them be that support deal for them. It's not a positive day every day, but you have to make it into one.

The mayor of Fulton, Texas, Jimmy Kendrick - thanks so much for being with us, Mr.  Mayor. Good luck to you.

Well, I appreciate it. And just keep us in your prayers. It's always nice to have a prayer given for us.

turn 1 : The mayor is implicitly expressing his fear that he may not be helping as many people as he hopes he is, even though he is trying his best to reach out to them and provide them with the support they need.

Answer: Concern


The hallways may be quiet on both ends of Pennsylvania Avenue, but still plenty of noise coming from your Congress and the president. Here to help us cut through the chatter, NPR senior Washington editor and correspondent Ron Elving. Ron, thanks so much for being with us.

Good morning, Scott.

Why is a member of Congress from Michigan front-page news in Israel?

It's front-page news there because our president wants it on the front page back here in the U. S. But let's step back just for a moment. Congress has two new members who are Muslim women and who are outspoken in their support of Palestinians. The president has made them a major target of his Twitter feed. And one of them is Rashida Tlaib from Michigan. She was born in the U. S.  but still has family on the West Bank. She and her colleague Ilhan Omar from Minnesota were going to go to Israel until earlier this week when Israel decided to ban them because of their support for a boycott on Israel.

Now, that decision came right after a tweet from President Trump saying Israel looked weak if it let these two women into their country. And then a day later, the Israelis relented, saying they would let Congresswoman Tlaib visit her grandmother so long as she didn't talk boycotts. And then the congresswoman said she wouldn't go to Israel if she was going to be muzzled. And, of course, the whole business has left a bad taste in many mouths, including those of supporters of Israel in the U. S.  and supporters of the U. S.  in Israel.

turn 0 : Congress and the president are not working at the moment.

How are the hallways on Pennsylvania Avenue?

Answer: Quiet


It's so weird because we're in the day in time where you had you wonder, this time you wonder, OK did they did not offer her enough money, because everybody does it. You they're going to figure now for Angelina Jolie and her twins and like, you know, 15 million dollars per picture. So, you're just wonder, you know like why hasn't Halle done it, have they offered her?And I saw her, I guess it was African-Americans, I'm not sure that they get the kind of money or the offers that white celebrities do. And I don't know if that has played a factor in it or is she just a celebrity that decided, you know, I'm not going to put my child out.

This is my kid. I'm not going to sell her to the highest bidder. I'm hoping is that one, but I think that, you know, that is how you get publicity now. You know, not that she needs it, but it does sort of fuel the fire for people being interested in you and you being, you know, sort of the talk of the town so people actually want to go see your next film. So, I don't know it's sort of weird that we haven't seen the baby and I look at it, you know, Tori Spelling. I mean, at this point they had the baby one day and then they cover the next day.

Oh my gosh.

It's amazing the way it works.

turn 0 : A suspects that Halle Berry hasn't been offered enough money for selling her baby's pictures

What does PersonA think might have played a factor in Halle Berry not selling her baby's pictures?

Answer: Bidding.


There - while we cannot see the fire any longer from where we are, and it's very, very smoky. There's a ton of ash. There has been a ton of ash. Everyone's lungs are, you know, feeling constricted. The dogs are coughing because it's so thick in the air. So the scene itself is still dismal, for sure.

But people are helping each other.

People are coming together. You know, when there's an emergency like this, if the fire happens too fast and you can't get out in time, you have to set the horses free.

Well, you got to put halters on, you got to label them. Those can burn off in a fire, so we actually handwrote with a Sharpie pen on all of our horses hooves the phone number. If there is some marking on the horse on - with ink, then we can identify, at least, who to call to find out where the horse will eventually need to be, or to let that person know that we have that horse.

turn 1 : This implies that despite the devastation caused by the fire, people are showing kindness and support to one another.

Answer: scene


Absolutely. They used to end up there in the French Riviera and big mansions in Europe. Now they tend to also end up in Europe but not in big mansions but in the criminal court - in The Hague.

And has that had the effect of making it more difficult sometimes to get rid of certain people?

Absolutely. They are - they don't trust now any promises that they will not be prosecuted or taken in front of a judge. And also, you know, the standards of human rights internationally have changed. And there is a very active community - globally - that chases after dictators and people that have violated human rights and have committed the crimes against humanity, which is the case for many of them.

Now, isn't the logic of that - the humanitarian logic of that - that knowing they might have to face criminal charges will discourage dictators from striking out at their own people?

turn 1 : It is being implied that the criminals are having a difficult time.

What is the effect on promises made to the criminals?

Answer: Less


At some point, it does cross your mind and you do worry about contracting the illness, but there are only fleeting moments. We have to concentrate on the patients here to provide them with appropriate medical care, but also to make sure our outreach program of finding cases, of following up of contacts is performed in a comprehensive manner so that we can bring this outbreak to a close.

I don't want to the leave the conversation with you without asking what can the world do as far as you're concerned?

We need an organization that can provide some leadership across multiple countries in the region of West Africa. To date, we have not seen that occurring. And if we don't find the cases in the community, and we don't do the contact tracing, this outbreak will linger on for months and months. Solving outbreaks is not rocket science. It just requires those features I have described previously. But unfortunately, they're not being applied in an appropriate manner at the moment to reach the world.

Dr.  Gabriel Fitzpatrick of Doctors Without Borders - Medecins Sans Frontieres. Thanks very much for being with us.

turn 1 : (2) The literal meaning of this turn is a simple question, but the implied meaning is that the speaker wants to know what actions can be taken to address the issue being discussed and is seeking guidance or suggestions.

Which organization does PersonA suggest is needed to provide leadership across multiple countries in the region of West Africa?

Answer: Doctors


Sure. Well, before she becomes a pirate, she tries shoplifting. And when Gwen is shoplifting, she imagines herself as named Octavia. She imagines herself to much more glamorous persons, so there's a little bit in this book that's here.

(Reading) She remembered what it was called - shoplifting - and pictured lifting the whole place, the aisles tilting and tumbling their baubles and trinkety treasures into her pockets. Pink razors for her burnt leg and then a keychain she thought Naomi would like. And when she realized she could steal for other people, it was an avalanche, a chew bone for Toby the II, more stuff for Naomi, a stuffed bear and a tiny license plate that said Naomi. Three flasks of perfume, curvy and shapey like internal organs in her pockets, and she was done with Mother's Day for ages.

Her father liked the electronic things, which were behind locked cabinets. But she grabbed a slick stereo magazine and managed to slip into one of her boots. It would be a way to warm him for taking the bus by herself. By now she was thirsty and rounded a corner to open a fridge and grab an iced tea in a bottle that felt so good in her hands. It was One Universe Green Tea, which the label said was good for the immune system and for Octavia's skin. No one had stopped her. No one had spoken to her. It was smooth sailing. All for one and one for all.

So is there a straight line from that to piracy or just adolescence?

turn 3 : "straight line from that to piracy" - actual meaning: the author uses figurative language to question whether her shoplifting is a direct cause of her becoming a pirate, not that there is a literal straight line linking the two.

Which line in the dialogue uses figurative language to question the connection between shoplifting and piracy?

Answer: straight


I have been late. Now I'm right on time. And I make mistakes, but at least they're mine. I'd sign my life away on a dotted line Just to get the love I deserve. . .

That's News & Notes. Glad you could join us. Nicole Childers, Christabel Nsiah-Buadi and Geoffrey Bennett produced the show. Sasa Woodruff is the editor. Sonata Lee Narcisse directs. The technical director is Sherene Strausberg. Marcia Caldwell and Shawn Corey Campbell are our drive engineers. The News & Notes staff includes Roy Hurst, Geoffrey Gardner, Devin Robins, Zachary Slobig, Joanne Griffith, Drew Tewkesbury, Allison Samuels and Jim Wallace. To listen to the show or subscribe to the podcast, visit our Web site, nprnewsandnotes. org. To join the conversation or sign up for the newsletter, visit our blog at nprnewsandviews. org. News & Notes was created by NPR News and the African-American Public Radio Consortium. On Monday, short on cash these days?Well, what if your neighborhood got together and started printing its own money?It's already happening. We'll look at the spread of customized community currency.

(Singing) Growing up too fast. I have the best friends you could ever have, But I don't know what I got 'til it's gone. . .

Because I lose every single game I play 'Cause I'm a slave to my distractions. I climb a mountain for every mess I make, But can't get no satisfaction.

turn 0 : A is expressing a desire for love and acceptance, despite making mistakes.

Which aspect of PersonA's personality is revealed in turn 3?

Answer: Personality


What - the more typical word that I hear from younger evangelicals is a sense of not knowing what to do. Many of them can't in good conscience vote for either Donald Trump or Hillary Clinton. And I think that it's going to take several months before we even know what the answer to that is going to be.

Well, I think it is the fact that many religious conservatives believe that the Republican Party has not only taken them for granted but made fun of them behind closed doors. And so I've heard from those who are supporting Trump their vote for Trump is really a vote to kind of shut the entire system down and start all over again. I think that's a very common sentiment.

Russell Moore of the Southern Baptist Convention, thanks so much for joining us.

turn 1 : The turn that has an implied meaning different from its literal meaning is (2) when B asks, "Can you explain what part of Donald Trump's message is working with religious voters so that they would overlook maybe even some of their basic Christian beliefs to support him?" The literal meaning of the question is straightforward,

How did many religious conservatives feel about the Republican Party's treatment towards them, leading them to support Trump?

Answer: Underestimated


I would just think about grilling as like any other type of cooking technique. It's really about time and temperature. So if you know how to cook at your stove, you understand high heat, medium heat, low heat, you can replicate that on a grill. It just has to do with how big a pile of charcoal you have and where it is in its lifecycle. So it's very hot at the beginning, and then it cools off a little bit. And then I would say simplify your seasonings. I have a whole section in my book that's all about salt, pepper, olive oil and lemon juice as being really essential and really fantastic.

OK.  Carla, you know I'm putting you on the spot here now - OK.  charcoal or gas?

Oh, this is a great question. I think that they're both great. I have charcoal. I love cooking over live fire. But if what you have is a gas grill and it gets you outside, enjoying cooking outside and making something that you love, then lean into your gas grill. It's all good.

That's Carla Lalli Music, food director at Bon Appetit magazine. She's the author of "Where Cooking Begins: Uncomplicated Recipes To Make You A Great Cook. "Carla, thanks so much for joining us. Happy Fourth.

turn 2 : Leaning into your gas grill meaning simply use the grill.

What does Carla recommend if you have a gas grill?

Answer: Grill


Lawrence Bartley was 17 when he was convicted of second-degree murder. He spent the next 27 years in New York state prison until he was granted parole last year. Now he's on the staff of the news organization The Marshall Project. He has created a criminal-justice-focused print publication to distribute in prisons around the country. It's called News Inside. Lawrence Bartley, welcome to ALL THINGS CONSIDERED.

Thank you for having me.

Before we dive into the publication, I want to ask about your own story. A year ago, you were in Sing Sing. Now you are in New York City working for a national media organization. What's that been like for you?

It's absolutely mind-blowing, you know?Learning the hustle and bustle of the city and the train system and the technology has been a challenge at first. But I gave my mind towards conquering it, and I was able to do it, you know?And it feels good to be able to find my way around the city in the subway system. . .

turn 3 : Adjusting to life outside of prison has been a challenge, but he has successfully adapted.

How has Lawrence adapted to life outside of prison?

Answer: well


You got a sinus infection but you taking a yeast infection medicine figuring if you lay down, it'll work its way up.

Do you believe in Mars and Venus, the whole idea that men and women are totally different?

I really do. And if I can get women to understand that every man that sleeps with you is not going to love you, then half of us will be all right.

What about the other half?

turn 3 : Again, "half" is not literal. It just means many women.

Which word is not to be taken literally when referring to the number of women in turn 3?

Answer: Half


Leading the tributes to President George H. W. Bush were several former presidents and the current president. President Trump said of Mr.  Bush, with sound judgment, common sense and unflappable leadership, he guided our nation and the world to a peaceful and victorious conclusion of the Cold War. President Bill Clinton, who defeated Mr.  Bush for the presidency in 1992, gave thanks for his great long life of service, love and friendship. Ron Elving, senior Washington correspondent, joins us. Ron, thanks so much for being with us.

Good to be with you, Scott.

He was the last of a different generation - sometimes called the greatest generation. He served in World War II, congressman, former U. S.  ambassador to China and the United Nations, director of the CIA, vice president and then after that finally president.

You know, when he first sought the Republican nomination in 1980, Scott, his TV ads called him, quote, "a president we won't have to train," unquote. And that was a nod to all that preparation and experience he had had even before he was vice president.

turn 2 : Mr. Bush's generation is unique and admirable for their services in different fields.

Which generation is being referred to as unique and admirable?

Answer: Greatest


Well, yeah.

And - select which is the right kind of alcohol to put in there. Free test it.

Well, they - rum and bourbon.

Right.

turn 2 : A suggests using rum and bourbon for the recipe

What kinds of alcohol does PersonA recommend using for the recipe?

Answer: Rum


The speaker has suffered through days of public humiliation at the hands of his fractious troops. But sometimes what doesn't kill you makes you stronger. And by surviving all of this, he has probably strengthened what's always been a rather tenuous grip on the speakership. In the end, he did the right thing - we talked about this in the past - and kept government and borrowing authority going forward. And probably he'll have a better weekend this weekend than he had last.

Certainly more free time. I think a lot of people are wondering this weekend: is Senator Ted Cruz a new national figure or a diminished one, after events of this past week?

You could say he's both. Certainly he is new hero of the Tea Party and others who wanted to stop the Affordable Care Act, Obamacare, by any means necessary. At the Value Voters Summit, for example, here about a week ago, he absolutely dominated the presidential preference straw poll on social conservatives. But within the establishment of the Republican Party, in the financial community and among party fundraisers, he has come to be regarded as dangerous.

And a hard word and that raises this question. Against what's been the stereotype, the image for many years, Democrats appeared unified over these past few weeks, and the Republicans who looked like they were - what's the old joke they used to make about Democrats - a circular firing squad?What's happened to the two major parties?

turn 3 : "circular firing squad" - This is a metaphorical expression that means a group of people who are fighting against each other instead of working together towards a common goal, rather than a literal firing squad.

How is the phrase "circular firing squad" used in the dialogue?

Answer: Metaphor


A tall building may become synonymous with a place, but it doesn't mean that it's born of that place. You can almost pick it up and put it in any city around the world and it would become synonymous with that city. And it denying thousands of years of vernacular architectural tradition, you know. . .

Yeah, yeah.

. . . to relate to environment and all these other things. So that's where the 95 percent figure, an arbitrary figure, comes from.

The Twin Towers in Abu Dhabi received the tall building innovation award. These buildings carry their own sunscreen, in a sense.

turn 3 :  "These buildings carry their own sunscreen, in a sense." - This turn means that the buildings have a feature that provides protection from the sun, rather than literally carrying sunscreen.

What award did the Twin Towers in Abu Dhabi receive?

Answer: Tall


It's out of sight. It's really high. We have actual concentrations and standards that are somewhere like four, five times lower than that. So, these are all very, very high numbers, even when they're low on the Chinese scale.

It sounds as though you could project things ahead for the beginning of the Olympics. What would you expect?

Well, it's pretty good right now. But I've just been looking at the extended forecast for winds, and the middle of next week, things are going to change quite radically, around the 3rd or the 4th. The big high-pressure system from out over the Pacific is going to kick in, and that's going to produce strong winds coming over the polluted areas to the south of Beijing, and it's going to pick up a lot of pollution. And according to these forecasts, it's going to be a pretty dirty end of next week. And unfortunately, that coincides with the Opening Ceremonies a week from today.

Ken, these are official Chinese numbers that you're working with, and you are sitting there in Rhode Island looking at these. Are the numbers trustworthy?

turn 3 : "Are the numbers trustworthy?" - This does not literally mean that the speaker is questioning whether the numbers can be trusted. It implies that the speaker is skeptical about the accuracy of the numbers and is seeking clarification.

How does the speaker feel about the accuracy of the numbers?

Answer: Skeptical


I mean, anything that - any interest rate right now that's pegged to the federal funds rate, which is a key benchmark rate that many, many credit cards, many, many - some types of mortgages - but also many more types of short-term debts are pegged to, you can benefit a whole lot.

The problem is that if you're already in one of these homes, for example, that's - and you're underwater, meaning that you're house is worth less than the mortgage owner, and you've got poor credit or you don't have enough money or enough equity in the house to be able to refinance, then you're going to run it to a proper and you're not going to benefit.

Whether or not they - that helps the economy overall remains to be seen. I mean, the problem with economics statistics is that many times they lag by a couple of months. And so by the time you find out - by the time a recession is declared, you may have already been in one for about a month or two before you - before the rest of the country actually knows ,you know, some grand proclamation that comes from the Federal Reserve or some economists somewhere that we are in a recession.

We're going to talk a little bit more soon with a realtor in Ohio, your state, about the situation there. But last week, Countrywide Financial was subpoenaed by the attorney general of Florida. It's just one of a number of government agencies investigating the largest mortgage lender.

turn 1 : (2) To be underwater means to owe more money than the asset is worth.

Which term describes a homeowner who owes more money than their house is currently worth?

Answer: Underwater


Well, do you know, patients liked me 'cause I was really jolly and nice and what they didn't realize is they'd probably been much better off with some mumbling introvert who actually knew something. And in fact, I dreaded it. And my only happy day as a doctor was one sunny summer day where we got no admissions at all and I sat on the lawn outside the hospital and read "The Longest Journey" by E.  M.  Forster. That was the only happy day, and in the end, I didn't go back. And I thought, well, what could I do?I'm not qualified for anything else. I thought, the only thing I've done is comedy. And I applied for and got a job with BBC Light Entertainment in radio.

I am among those that think that British humor is one of the great forces for civilization in the world.

(Laughter).

turn 3 :  "But that being noted, it must be rough to - a challenge to take a comic approach to the Blitz, which is, in a sense, the great national heroic story of Britain." - This turn does not have a literal meaning, as it expresses the speaker's opinion about the challenge of taking a comic approach to a serious historical event.

What was the subject of the comic approach that the speaker mentions in turn 3?

Answer: Blitz


Right, well, the idea is that you just want somebody to come back to court. That is the point of bail. And so if somebody is low-risk to themselves, low-risk to society and they want themselves to be done and over with this, you know, incident, then you can just remind somebody to come and that will happen. So it could just be a text reminder - don't forget your court date. This is when it is. This is where you show up. And a lot of times that actually works quite well.

Is this part of a trend against bail in this country?

I think it is perhaps the tip of a trend against bail. Advocates have been arguing that we need bail reform for quite a long time.

Why reform?What has been wrong with the bail system up to this point?

turn 2 : Bail reform is a movement to change the way bail works in the criminal justice system. The goal of bail reform is to reduce the number of people who are held in jail before trial because they cannot afford bail

Which movement aims to reduce the pre-trial detainment of people who can't afford bail?

Answer: pre-trial


You've probably seen the signs in pharmacies now - flu shots here. You can buy shampoo, deodorant, nasal spray, M&M's and a flu shot. But if you're of a certain demographic, you might consider waiting a while before you get that shot. Here's some advice from Dr.  Laura Haynes, a professor of immunology at the University of Connecticut.

The best time for most people to get the flu vaccine would be in October. If you're a little bit older and over 65, I would say between Halloween and Thanksgiving.

Why should older people wait a month or more?Dr.  Haynes says. . .

Their immune response isn't as good to the vaccine. So the protection that's induced wanes more quickly. So therefore, you'd want to wait a little bit longer than you would if you were a younger adult. That way, you're protected throughout the majority of the really bad flu season, which happens from, say, January to April.

turn 1 : (2) - Waiting a month or more is recommended for people over 65, not waiting until Halloween or Thanksgiving.

How long should older people wait before getting the flu vaccine?

Answer: October


Why, over really a period of 25 years or so, have there been so many misadventures?How do you explain, for example, Iraq?How do you explain the lack of progress after so many years in Afghanistan?Why was the Libyan intervention unsuccessful?And I think the conclusion is is that the United States has focused more since the end of the Cold War not so much on defending against external threats but focusing more on the internal governance of foreign countries and trying to change it.

So rather than maintaining a strong defense in protecting our national interests, we've tended to promote democracy in other countries, we've engaged in nation-building exercises, we've engaged in regime change. And in most of those cases, we've been unsuccessful.

You were the U. S.  ambassador to Germany. Does the United States have - and you know the history - does the United States have no interest in preventing genocide and mass slaughter around the world?

I think genocide is probably the one case where we do have a responsibility. I mean, if it's real genocide and people are - there is mass murder, then I think we have a moral duty to intervene. But the problem is is that how you define that moral duty when it's not clearly genocide, when there's injustice, when there's discrimination, when, for instance, the young girls in Afghanistan can't go to school, that is not genocide.

turn 2 : Does the US have a responsibility to intervene in cases of genocide and mass slaughter?

What is the one case where the United States has a moral duty to intervene?

Answer: Genocide


Have you been able to solve any specific problems in real time yet?I mean, you can see where, for expatriates, this is probably relieving to have something that you can do to help to try to help because it has to be frustrating to live outside the country and have your countrymen and probably your relatives going through all this. And you probably feel like, you know, what can I do?

Yes. So in the hackathon, we had 17 submissions. Three of them were completed, and four our ongoing. So like, you know, one of the ones that, you know, we're pretty excited is related to this Twitter data where people are, like, requesting medicines or offering medicine. A team built a Twitter bot that replies to those requests and try to match - do matchmaking between offer and the match.

That's exciting. I mean, I'm guessing this has been a fulfilling project for you. I mean, how has it made you feel to work on this and to see your work starting to grow?

Amazing. I think this is the best I've felt in a long time - to actively solve and engage with, you know, challenges in the country has been very gratifying for us as a team.

turn 0 : Expatriates may feel a sense of relief from being able to contribute in some way, despite being outside the country.

What is the solution offered by the team related to Twitter data?

Answer: Matchmaking


So, what happened in West Virginia certainly doesn't instill confidence necessarily in a municipal water system I would think.

The fact that this happens so infrequently actually I think is a testament to the quality of our drinking water. I mean, it's quite remarkable. I could go anywhere in the U. S.  and have some tap water and not really give a second thought about its quality. I can't do that in most parts of the world. You know, there's no question you're right. We have to remain vigilant. There are always sources of contamination that water providers have to be worried about - natural sources, microbes, pathogens, bacteria and such. And then there are obviously these accidents. One of the reasons this chemical got into the system so quickly is that no one expected it to be in the water. And so the treatment system wasn't set up to deal with it.

Yeah. And now they're telling pregnant women you may still not want to drink this water, although other people can. And that, I think, makes people feel like, well, what do you mean?

Think about this, though. I mean, there are over 60,000 chemicals in commerce in the United States and only a fraction of those have had really significant toxicity testing. And so the chemical that's spilled here is something that's used to, you know, to treat coal. It's not something you'd expect to find in your drinking water. And that's not a justification for why we don't have the data, because we should have it. It ended up in our drinking water. But the scale of the problem I think is important to keep in mind as well.

turn 1 : In Turn 2, the speaker is implying that even though the incident in West Virginia was unfortunate, it is still a testament to the quality of drinking water in the US, as similar incidents rarely occur.

How does the speaker describe the frequency of incidents like the one in West Virginia?

Answer: Infrequently


I heard you talking to Ron about how people react - or how President Bush was reacting today, and people here who watched the speech on the Jumbotron at the restaurant where I am actually laughed at Bush's reaction shots during President Obama's speech, particularly when President Obama said America is a friend of each nation and we are ready to lead.

But other than that, people here were rapt. They sat with tears in their eyes. Couples held onto each other. They cheered through the speeches. They cheered when the Carters and Clintons came out. They even cheered when Obama's daughters were taking pictures with the camera. People here were really excited.

Would you say that there was a generational difference noticeable at all between the people who were there who responded to what they saw on the Jumbotron?

Actually, no. Where I am, people brought their children, people brought their grandparents. It was a very racially-mixed crowd, and I actually spoke to one woman. She's 64. Her name's Renee Durant(ph). She was here in 1968 during the riots. She said she was so glad to be alive to see this. Her 96-year-old father, who was in an assisted-living facility in Virginia, was watching it as well, and they were so glad to be here. Across the table from her was a white couple who brought their toddler, who was wearing an Obama T-shirt. They were equally glad to be here. It was really quite something to watch. Very emotional.

So from their standpoint, it clearly is, truly is a new day and a new way of looking at things, correct?

turn 1 : The crowd was emotionally invested in the event, regardless of their race or age

Which event were people emotionally invested in?

Answer: presidential


So the legislation you're pushing for would require anyone with a sex trafficking conviction to register as an offender in New Mexico. A similar bill recently failed in the state Legislature. Do you think that the Epstein case and the attention that it's getting will flip some votes?Do you think the bill is more likely to pass now?

I think the Epstein case - if there is only one positive that comes from this matter, it's that there will be more awareness that human trafficking and child trafficking is everywhere in every community, and any community can be exploited. It's appalling that the Legislature did not give this bill one hearing last year, much less consider the reform. I think the Epstein case will bring considerable amount of awareness on this issue and the real need to better protect children.

Epstein has not faced charges in New Mexico, but I understand that your office is interviewing people about what took place on his ranch. What can you tell us about that?

We do have an active investigation. We are meeting with survivors and victims involved in that matter. I'm very concerned that there definitely was a course of conduct here in New Mexico within our borders and that we don't leave any stone unturned. And we're also going to be forwarding any federal evidence to the federal authorities in New York.

turn 3 : There is concern that there was illegal activity on Epstein's ranch in New Mexico and the investigation will be thorough

What is the focus of the investigation in New Mexico related to Epstein?

Answer: New-Mexico


That seems to be the case.

Thanks very much for being with us today.

Thank you so much, Neal. Keep an eye on your belly button.

Rob Dunn is a science writer, a biologist in the Department of Biology at North Carolina State University. He joined us today from Raleigh. Tomorrow, traffic. L. A. 's is legendary, they're trying something new. They have synchronized every traffic light in the city. Join us for an update with Tom Vanderbilt tomorrow right after I go home and take a shower. It's the TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News. I'm Neal Conan in Washington.

turn 2 : Not sure what the belly button reference means exactly (it refers to the earlier discussion), but it isn't literal. It's a joke.

Which body part does PersonA refer to in their joke?

Answer: Belly


I've always felt like with Britain that there was always a kind of low-grade racism that one experienced almost on a daily basis. Like, in America, you feel it's a much bigger convulsion. And the society is kind of reckoning with it in a more sincere but more troubled way. In England, it was always very light, you know?So it was - you'd come in and the guys on the walkie-talkie would be like, ah, you're the Indian fellow who's going with Gabriella. And it was like - so like. . .

A limerick.

Yeah. The first line of a limerick. But obviously, there was an implication because at that point, there was no one of my shape and size and color around, you know?So it was definitely there.

You focus in this piece on Princess Michael of Kent, who recently, of course, caused controversy when she wore a blackamoor brooch when she met Meghan Markle, who is biracial. And you say that that isn't surprising that she would have done something like that.

turn 0 : Daily racism in Britain is subtle but still present

Which Princess caused controversy by wearing a blackamoor brooch while meeting Meghan Markle?

Answer: Princess


And, of course, this comes just a few hours after the president announced a new acting chief of staff. And I emphasize the word acting because that's unusual.

Yeah. So Mick Mulvaney is the head of the Office of Management and Budget. Until recently, he was also the acting head of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau but - which he wanted to destroy. But then a permanent head of that agency was confirmed. And so then he only had one job. Now he has two once again. He will be the acting chief of staff. According to the White House, he will do - he will only focus on chief of staff work. He will not do budget work. His deputy there will do that. But he will continue to be in that job - or both jobs. And presumably, the president will be looking for a more long-term chief of staff, though long term is all relative, especially in this administration.

NPR White House correspondent Tamara Keith, thanks so much.

You're welcome.

turn 1 : All ideas are different between all human beings.

Which turn implies that the president may be seeking a permanent chief of staff?

Answer: presumably


If there's one politician that you could interview, which one would it be?

I probably would have to say that if there's one person I'd want to interview, it'd probably be President Trump. I think right now would be - to interview most. But, I mean, there's obviously - it's a huge field right now. And I'm definitely hoping that there'll be more than one of the 2020 candidates I'll be able to spend some time with in the next few months.

Gabe Fleisher, writer of the political newsletter Wake Up To Politics and current high school junior. Thank you very much.

Thank you.

turn 1 : It's not a field, but a large number of people the person would want to interview.

How would PersonA describe the pool of people they want to interview?

Answer: Huge


Yes. The big topic, of course, is what he'll say about the president's unfounded claims that Barack Obama wiretapped his phones. He has also accused British intelligence of wiretapping his phones on behalf of Barack Obama. There's been no evidence produced for those claims. The British have pushed back against them strongly. People on the Hill say they have not seen any evidence of this, and Comey will be asked about that first and foremost.

OK.  And over at the Senate, the first hearings for President Trump's nomination for the Supreme Court - what kind of reception is he going to get?

Well, that's going to be the big event of the week. Neil Gorsuch, who has been nominated by Donald Trump, is going to be asked a lot of questions about his views on executive power, about Donald Trump's comments disparaging judges and the entire court system. This is one of Donald Trump's most important early initiatives. The Republicans have 52 votes in the Senate. They say if they have to change the rules so they won't need 60 to confirm him, they will do that. So it's going to be very, very hard for the Democrats to stop him. But this is just the first of many, many judicial vacancies that Donald Trump will have the opportunity to fill because of the age of judges on the bench right now and the number of vacancies.

And something else we're looking at, obviously, is what's happening on Thursday - a much anticipated vote in the House. They're voting on the repeal-and-replace legislation for Obamacare. Does Speaker Ryan have the votes?

turn 2 :  A: "the Republicans have 52 votes in the Senate" - This statement is not referring to physical votes but rather the number of Republican senators in the Senate who are likely to support the nomination.

What does the statement about the Republicans' number in the Senate refer to?

Answer: Number


It's amazing the way it works.

I agree. Now, Nelson Mandela's 90th birthday is looming, and there have been all this celebrations now. Supermodel Naomi Campbell, who I guess according to court records will hit anyone on the head with her cell phone, was supposed to be a presenter at this big concert but was removed from the list. Give us a quick sense of why.

Well, Mandela was a little upset that when she got arrested the last time she had on a hat with the numbers - his prison cell number or his inmate number from prison, and he was a little disturbed about that. But she didn't present, but she did attend an event last night. So, I mean, you know I think he was - you know people was sort of worried about you know what it would like if she was on stage, but she was there because they're very close, she and Mandela so.

Ah, close enough to get hit with the cell phone?

turn 1 : Naomi Campbell has a history of violence with her cell phone

How would you describe Naomi Campbell's behavior with her cell phone?

Answer: violent


So there are always lines in invoices - in the case of remains excavations, taking care of the remains, maintaining them, transfer - all of these kind of things. It happens. It exists. In other hostage cases, you would see not necessarily - and I have to distinguish between hostages and political prisoners because Otto Warmbier was a political prisoner, not a hostage.

And the difference being that hostages are held generally by nongovernmental. . .

Correct.

. . . Entities. . .

turn 3 : Political prisoners are not the same as hostages and should be distinguished.

Which type of prisoners is Otto Warmbier categorized as?

Answer: Political


Well, they all have different - they work differently, you know, in terms of the receptors they hit, in terms of how they're metabolized in our body and how they interact with our body's tissue. So each one is a very different animal in trying to attack.

Is this something that a drug company would be interested in developing, if you found some research or did some of the basic research?

I really wish it would, but I think a lot of big drug companies don't feel that drug addicts are a great investment. So they've kind of shied away from looking at therapies for addiction. I wish they would get more involved, that's for sure.

Well, what about something for an overdose?You don't have to be a drug addict to have an overdose.

turn 2 : Race is a deep-seated issue in society that cannot be easily solved

What do big drug companies think of drug addicts as an investment?

Answer: Not


The investigations into the fatal Lion Air and Ethiopian Airlines crashes have revealed troubling details about safety. For example, Boeing was charging extra for a safety feature - one that might've helped the pilots in those flights. Boeing says it will now make that feature standard. We wondered whether the same could be true of safety features in cars.

Some new cars have features to avoid collisions or stay in a lane. Depending on the make and model, features like those could come standard or cost extra. David Friedman was acting administrator of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, and he's now on the policy side of Consumer Reports. Welcome to the studio.

Thanks a lot for having me, Ari.

Let's start by talking about a feature called automatic emergency braking. I understand this is a technology that has been really widely adopted, largely because of a voluntary agreement where automakers said they'll make it standard by 2022. What does this do?How important is it?

turn 3 :  "Let's start by talking about a feature called automatic emergency braking."

Answer: Automatic


Right, right. Yeah, I mean, that's the obvious question to ask, and we're not really sure. I mean, the biggest difference is that it's not producing these radio jets at the rate it should be. So typically the central galaxy in a cluster is shooting out these really bright jets that you can see from here in the radio. But this one is giving off - instead of radio, it's giving off a lot of gamma ray and X-ray, and so it seems to be almost confused about what type of black hole it is. It's giving off sort of quasar-like emission rather than this sort of more quiet, more gentle emission.

Hmm, who am I, asks the black hole?

(Unintelligible). How is this cluster discovered?

So it was initially discovered a few years ago by the South Pole Telescope, which is a telescope that's essentially built to find these really massive clusters. And so it looks at light from the Big Bang, which is a background radiation; it looks for shadows in that light. And these clusters are so massive that they're going to cast a shadow in this background radiation. And so that's how this cluster was first found.

turn 1 : The black hole seems confused about its identity.

What is the black hole emitting instead of radio waves?

Answer: Quasar-like


The Staples Singers, Booker T and the MGs, Isaac Hayes and more - but the Stax tale isn't just one of another record company that became an international sensation. It's a story of tragedy - business and personal. But most importantly, it's a tale that features racial harmony in a city with a troubled racial history. In the late '50s and early '60s, Memphis, Tennessee was a city divided.

It was a city that you might say had hate pulsing through its veins.

That's author Robert Gordon. He lives in Memphis. His new book is "Respect Yourself: Stax Records and the Soul Explosion. "But Stax didn't start as an explosion of soul. The owners of Stax Records, Jim Stewart and Estelle Axton, set out to do something very different.

They were two white siblings. Jim was a white country fiddle player. You just wouldn't believe how far black music was from their minds at the time.

turn 0 : "racial harmony in a city with a troubled racial history" - The literal meaning of this turn is that there was peace and cooperation among people of different races in Memphis, despite the city's history of racial conflict. The implied meaning is that Stax Records, a company that brought together black and white musicians, played a role in promoting racial harmony and bridging the racial divide.

How did Stax Records promote racial harmony in Memphis?

Answer: Bridging


So off I went to Moscow with a couple of colleagues to talk about how intelligence services should work in democracies. And I found myself sitting in the Lubyanka, their headquarters, which over the years had been sort of prison death cell torture chamber, facing a long line of KGB officers and talking to them about democratic oversight and such things. It was certainly one of the strangest events of my working life I think.

(Laughter) Forgive me, but this is a week to ask - do you think they took good notes?Were they paying attention to this democracy?

(Laughter) No, I don't think they were actually. They looked at us with rather hard, cynical eyes. And I wrote somewhere that it seemed to be like two wild animals surveying their prey but not being able to get at them. But I don't think they were particularly interested in all this oversight and democracy stuff, no.

And may I ask you, just based on your experience and the way you survey events, what does Russia want these days?

turn 1 : (2) implies that the speaker doubts whether the KGB officers were actually interested in the discussion of democratic oversight and were just pretending to pay attention.

What did the KGPersonB officers look at the speaker with?

Answer: Eyes


What happened was there was this terrible murder in a house on Runyon Street. It was called the Runyon Street murders. Four people were killed. And the police set their sights on a 14-year-old named Davontae Sanford. He was young. He was alone. He was developmentally disabled.

And they got him to admit to what he said was, quote, "something" with his understanding that he would be let go. He ended up signing a confession to the murders. He was indicted. His attorney, who was guilty of all sorts of misconduct, ended up, in the middle of trial, having Davontae plead guilty to the four murders and get an extremely long sentence.

Eighteen days after he pled guilty - or maybe 16 days - the actual killer, a guy named Vincent Smothers, confessed to the Detroit Police that he had carried out these four murders and eight other murders at the behest of a hitman. So the Detroit Police, even though they had this evidence, didn't free Davontae Sanford. And at some point, the evidence leaked out. I think that was in 2009. And at that point, he started fighting to be released and was opposed at every turn by Prosecutor Worthy.

We contacted Prosecutor Worthy, who didn't come in for another interview. But she - there is this statement. And let me read it.

turn 1 : Davontae Sanford was coerced into confessing to a crime he did not commit and his lawyer was guilty of misconduct.

What crime was Davontae Sanford coerced into confessing?

Answer: Murders


Yeah. They're like, oh, my God. Make that face again. That's so funny. But it's not like that. And the reason I talked about it and shared when I did was because there started to be all these compilations of my tics that were made by the fans, which they just thought it was, like, goofy Billie is making a bunch of faces. And they're funny. Let's make a video about it, which is, of course, out of love. And they think that's funny. And they didn't - they don't know, you know?

O'CONNELL: Especially if they think you're doing them on purpose, then it's totally out of love.

They think I'm doing it on purpose. But I felt almost, like, attacked in a way, which was kind of stupid. But it's something like I've lived with my whole life and, like, not been open about because I didn't want it to label me, you know?

Sure, you don't want the whole - that to be the second sentence of every every paragraph about you.

turn 2 : "But I felt almost, like, attacked in a way, which was kind of stupid." - The implied meaning here is that Billie is feeling defensive about her tics and is hurt by the fans' reaction.

Which emotion did Billie feel about her tics?

Answer: Defensive


Yeah, we were on vacation; my family and I were out on the boat, and it was a beautiful, sunny day in the Abacos, in the Bahamas.

This is Erik Nourrie of Florida.

Typical crystal clear, beautiful Bahama waters. And the kids were playing and swimming. And I took my mask and snorkel and spear, and went out to a little channel there to hunt.

turn 3 : "Nothing unusual - Erik hunts for dinner often. He spearfishes. And pretty quickly, he spots a good-sized fish darting around." - The literal meaning is describing Erik spearfishing and catching a fish. The implied meaning could be that the speaker is setting up the conflict or problem in the story, as something unusual or unexpected is about to happen.

Answer: Hunts


And what we found in these focus groups was that most people, Democrats and Republicans in this - in the sort of middle of the spectrum, they did think there was something there with the investigation. They thought it was a good thing for it to be investigated. Maybe some of the Republicans felt it was going on too long. But you see this in polls as well. People generally supported the investigation, thought it was merited. And they were confused by it, frankly. They weren't - they weren't following all of the twists and turns of it.

It's a hard story to follow (laughter).

Even for those of us whose job it is to follow it, it can be confusing. And that's certainly true for the public. It wasn't that it was confusing and therefore shouldn't exist. They thought it was a - it was a good thing. But they certainly could not tell you every twist and turn.

NPR conducted a poll with PBS News Hour and Marist. And that poll found that 78 percent of Republicans are now satisfied with the investigation, 35 percent of Democrats and about half of independents. That seems to have literally flipped the script. Is that similar to what you heard?

turn 0 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer

How was the actual meaning of turn 0 different from the original meaning?

Answer: Different


My own judgment is it is a personal power struggle. President Salva Kiir is in power, and Riek Machar - he has been the deputy in the party and the deputy in the government. And in 2015, Riek Machar came openly talking about his ambition to become the president of the Republic of South Sudan one day. That led to his dismissal. That is the genesis of this problem.

President Salva Kiir is from the ethnic Dinka majority, the largest tribes in South Sudan, and Riek Machar is from Nuer, the second largest tribe. And, you know, in South Sudan, these two tribes - they constitute the majority of the - of the army. That is why fighting took place with the support of these two big tribes who dominated army.

There are 12,000 U. N.  peacekeeping troops there already. The proposal is for another 4,000. I gather a spokesman for the South Sudan government says they're opposed because this would be neocolonialism. Help us understand what he means by that.

Well, the government is saying it is an attempt to colonize South Sudan. It is an attempt by the American government to change the regime or the regime change. That is what the government is saying, but I don't know whether that is the intention. This morning, I had an opportunity to interview the U. S.  ambassador - the South Sudan ambassador, Molly Phee - and she categorically denied that.

turn 2 : (3) B's statement about the South Sudan government opposing the proposal for 4,000 U.N. peacekeeping troops due to neocolonialism implies that the government is wary of foreign influence and control, and fears that the deployment of additional troops would be an infringement on their sovereignty. The actual meaning goes beyond the literal definition of neocolonialism as a form of indirect control by developed nations over less developed ones.

What term did the South Sudan government use to describe their opposition to the proposal for additional U.N. peacekeeping troops?

Answer: neocolonialism


Why reform?What has been wrong with the bail system up to this point?

It is extremely unfair. Essentially, what you're doing is taking people who have zero dollars and asking them to pay you dollars to preserve their own liberty. In New York, it's something like 45,000 people per year are detained on bail. And of those, 85 percent have a bail that they can't afford to pay, even though it's less than $500. And we have to keep in mind that in New York City, the cost of jail is something like $400 - at least $400 a day, so the math quickly does not add up.

Which is why I'm wondering, you know, why does the system do it this way?How does the system benefit from the current way of asking for bail?

I think that it's kind of a version of inertia. I think, you know, the idea was that the most important thing we have in our society and culture is money, so if you take that away from somebody or threaten to take it away from them, then you can compel them to do what you want them to do, which is to return to court. And then we have an industry that this set up - often, you know, in any downtown area, you see the bail bondsmen is right next-door to the court. And so we have an industry that has a lot of entrenched interest to keep the current system alive and well.

turn 1 : This statement implies that the amount dollar charged for bail in New York is exorbitant.

What is one reason why 85 percent of those detained on bail in New York cannot afford to pay it?

Answer: Unfair


Well, he's got two possibilities here. These tariffs go up on Friday. Both the U. S.  and the Chinese economy would feel the pain. Markets would respond. And here in China, the timing is not great. China's growth is slowing. The government has stepped in with stimulus to try and cushion the blow. And higher tariffs would put more pressure on China's financial system. That said, the notion of Xi Jinping standing up to an American president plays into this carefully crafted aura of him inside of China as this strongman leader who's willing to fight back against China's biggest global rival. So it could play in his favor.

Now, one thing that has not been on the table during these trade talks is China's interment of millions of Chinese Muslims - Uighurs - something that has concerned human rights groups here in the U. S.  Do you think that there's any chance that this human rights concern will be addressed during these trade talks?

Well, it certainly doesn't seem like it. The State Department has ratcheted up its criticism of China on this issue, but the Commerce Department and the U. S.  trade representative who are handling the trade negotiations don't seem receptive to having this issue be a part of the talks. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo did seem to separate the two issues in an interview on "Face The Nation" on Sunday, saying the administration has to do more than one thing at a time.

And you were just in Xinjiang last week, right?Tell us what you saw there.

turn 2 : The US government is not willing to include human rights concerns in trade negotiations with China

What issue is the US government not willing to address during the trade talks with China?

Answer: Human


I see.

Yeah. And it goes around about once an hour. So what they did was they went to Pacific Northwest Bell and had the engineers there create a wireless telephone. So the Space Needle actually had wireless phones in 1962. You could sit down. You could make a call. There was a radio pickup in the wall, and they would connect you then to the operator so you could call out.

Mm-hmm. I was - I took a visit to the Space Needle yesterday. And I'm - being a geek myself, I was really enthralled with the technology and just this - the pure nuts and bolts that are holding it together. I remember walking out and seeing this giant nut and - screw and nut holding it - it's bolted to the ground. Of course, being a geek, I wanted to know the size of the wrench it took to do that.

But that seemed to be very, very simple, and it seems to be holding up very, very well.

turn 2 : The person loves science and anything related to it and is intelligent.

What impressed PersonB about the technology at the Space Needle?

Answer: technology


I spent a lot of time reading, writing - self-education. I used the time to teach myself both criminal and civil law. And we lived on what we call an organized tier along the principles of the Black Panther Party, developing unity among the other guys on the tier. We taught guys how to read and write, which, you know, I think was my greatest achievement.

Mr.  Woodfox, how often were you gassed?

Oh, my goodness. Well, gas was a standard form of weapons that the security people used. So anytime you challenge inhumane treatment or you challenge unconstitutional conduct, they would gas you, you know. And depending on the severity of the confrontation, they would open up your cell, and they would come in and beat you down and then, you know, shackle you and bring you to the dungeon. And you probably would stay there a minimum of 10 days. The fact that I was involved in organizing a lot of the protests against - you know, along with Herman and Rob. . .

Friends of yours, fellow inmates who were in at the same time.

turn 2 : Speaker A is implying that they were gassed a LOT by exclaiming "oh my goodness" and noting he was involved in organizing a lot of the protests

Which form of weapons was used as a standard by the security people?

Answer: Gas


Let me go from pickles to apples and Poland because the agricultural minister apparently went on TV saying he thought Russia had broken international law with the embargo. And now they're asking the United States to purchase Poland's excess apples, which must be a lot of apples. Is Poland more exposed than, say, Germany?

On fruit, Poland is much more exposed than Germany. If you look at the exposure of countries - Poland on produce, Britain on finance, France has a big military order with Russia and there's a dispute over whether those vessels - those ships should be delivered. And for Germany, Volkswagen - those are the companies that are worried. So the food sanctions business doesn't hit Germany like it hits Poland.

Norwegian salmon - I guess there's also concern there too because even - there's only so much salmon even Norwegians themselves can eat and they need Russia's - that market.

Sure, and that's a big market for Norway. Fish producers in Britain are also very worried about it. But the countries say they will go on. And they also assert who's this going to hurt?If you read the Russian press, there is a view that sanctions against - or the reverse sanctions, as it were, by Russia against the European Union will actually help Russian producers. They say this is the chance for us to produce and to get our own markets going.

turn 3 : The literal meaning is about how the countries are going to continue despite the sanctions, but the actual meaning is about how the sanctions could benefit Russian producers.

What is the actual meaning behind turn 3?

Answer: Benefit


Thirty years ago today, a democracy movement was snuffed out in China's Tiananmen Square. Tanks opened fire on demonstrators, killing young protesters. This was a pivotal moment in modern Chinese history. And NPR's Deborah Amos covered the crackdown. She joins us to share some of her memories from that time 30 years ago.

Hi, Deb.

Hi there.

So you arrived in the country just after this massacre. Why did the Chinese government allow foreign journalists in?

turn 0 : Snuffed out has the implied meaning of stopping.

Which event did the Chinese government allow foreign journalists in to cover?

Answer: crackdown


Well, let's put it this way - if we don't fight, we will lose everything. We will lose the rule of law. We will lose the human right. We will lose the way of life that we're used to. We will lose, you know, the freedom we have. But if we fight, that might - you know, there may be a chance. There may be a miracle.

What specifically do you want that you think the government could conceivably deliver?

Well, it's not me want. I think Hong Kong people, after more than three month resistance and facing the police violence, we know that if we don't fight, we will always be under attacked and under encroachment on our freedom.

What do you want from the United States?

turn 2 : what do you want from the US that implies they want freedom from the other country

How does turn 3 relate to the implied meaning in turn 2?

Answer: related


Sometimes economics are turned on their head. Now, for years, Britain has had controversial austerity measures in place. Olivier Blanchard, the International Monetary Fund's chief economist, likened them to playing with fire. This past week, the IMF published its World Economic Forecast and concluded the fastest-growing economy of any rich country in the world is Britain's. Britain's Chancellor of the Exchequer, George Osborne, led the U. K. 's austerity measures.

He didn't tell the IMF meeting in Washington, D. C.  this week, I told you so, but he did say that the government's plan succeeded despite warnings from some. We're joined by Simon Johnson. He's a former IMF chief economist. Thanks so much for being with us.

My pleasure.

Did the IMF get it wrong?What do you make of these figures?

turn 0 : turned on their head implies that something unexpected happened

What did Olivier Blanchard compare Britain's austerity measures to?

Answer: Playing


Still, you'll remember that more than two dozen Russians have already been indicted this year for conspiring to interfere in the 2016 elections. And the message this week is that they are at it again, or maybe they never stopped.

We should remind ourselves - this is so serious. This has to do with the ability of citizens to cast vote, which is the lowest and most important lever of democracy. What's the reaction been like so far in the Capitol?

You know, President Trump has kind of brushed off these new charges. He says there's nothing here to do with his campaign. And he says if there are hackers out there, they probably liked his opponent in 2016, Hillary Clinton, better than him. He was also critical, yesterday, of former President Obama, Trump said, for not doing more in 2016 to deter these attacks back then. Of course, the Obama administration tried to issue a warning, but they say that idea was shot down by Republican Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell at the time.

As for other reactions from the Capitol, Senator Mark Warner, Democrat - the senior Democrat on the Senate Intelligence Committee - says it's time for Congress to get involved here. He says that social media companies need to commit to work with lawmakers to update laws and better protect against this kind of foreign election interference.

turn 0 : Russians have interfered in the elections and are doing it again.

Which lever of democracy does PersonB mention as the most important one?

Answer: Vote


From the studios of NPR West, this is Day to Day. I'm Alex Cohen. Scrapping the car czar. President Obama has chosen not to appoint one person to oversee the restructuring of the troubled auto industry. For more on why the president is switching gears we're joined now by Justin Hyde of the Detroit Free Press. And Justin, why did President Obama decide to get rid of this car czar position?

Well, it's becoming clear that the auto industry is probably going to have too many problems for just one person to handle. GM and Chrysler are going to be submitting plans to the administration tomorrow to explain how they deserve the 17. 4 billion that the government has lent them and whether they might be able to receive even more aid in the future.

The Obama administration has several very tough questions to answer about the future of this industry and hundreds of thousands of jobs that are tied into it. It's just going to take more work than one person can give.

So in lieu of a car czar, there will be this Presidential Task Force on Autos. Who will be heading up that group?

turn 0 : Getting rid of the person that was chosen to lead a committee regarding the automobile industry. The president is changing is mind on this and Justin Hyde can tell us why.

Which position is President Obama scrapping in the automobile industry?

Answer: Car


Not letting anybody down - what do you mean?just being able to hold the salute for so long.

Yeah, maintain my position and in life. You know, it's much more than one day out of the year thing. The families that lost their loved ones, they're like, wow, my son wanted to be that. And it kind of honors them, in essence, because it doesn't let the sacrifice go in vain.

This seems to resonate with Korean vets, who are getting older now, vets from Vietnam, same thing - also Iraq, Afghanistan. I mean, it's all generations.

Yes, and it's very humbling. I was in a diner in Lexington, Ky.  And this guy saw a shirt I had with my salute on the back that said, thank you, veterans in all the wars. And he goes, I know that Marine. And I'm like, well, I'm that Marine. He started to cry. He said, please keep doing it. He had to give up his motorcycle when he came home from war. And now he bounces and tries to go to school and is trying to find his way.

turn 0 : letting anybody down implies not to disappoint anyone not to bring people down from carrying them on high

How does PersonA's salute honor the families of fallen soldiers?

Answer: Sacrifice


That's right. And my experience has taught me that, first of all, the role of the diaspora is very important and what was also called sometimes the reversal of the brain drain, in the case of India, for example. I wish that many Somalis come back to Somalia to contribute to the rebuilding of the country. So I thought I should pitch my message to the community, in this case in Minnesota, and to appeal to their involvement so that we can sustain the progress that was made.

You gave this speech in Minnesota, where I understand your son has just graduated from high school. Congratulations. So what does he think of your advice to come home?

Of course I have made the appeal to him as well.

(Laughter).

turn 0 : The brain does not reverse but  the person's opinions do change.

What was the role of the diaspora discussed in turn 0?

Answer: Involvement


And tomorrow is going to be my female day.

Right.

We are all of that and it's intertwined and I want us to celebrate our intertwining.

Do you think that economists need to dig in deeper into how these intersections of race and gender play out in the workplace?I mean do you think this is something, obviously there are plenty of people who work on it including you. But does it get enough attention and is there enough impetus to really put into place some of the learning that's happened?

turn 2 : A wants to celebrate their shared experiences as women and people of color.

How does PersonA want to celebrate their shared experiences?

Answer: identity


. . . if you want to call it better than mud. And those soils actually have very little - they get - they amplify the ground motion, and they have very little resistance in terms of - when compared to bedrock. And the piling of the existing structure is about, you know, 30 meters deep. They're actually timber piles. They're 30 meters deep. And there are many, many, many of those. And that particular foundation is not made to resist the seismic motions that we're dealing with.

The other part of it is the fact that the existing eastern spans have - it's a truss structure. And by default, a truss structure has many connections, many members, unlike a suspension bridge. And thereby retrofitting those members to satisfy the new design codes would require a lot of work, overhead traffic and blocking lanes.

But if you look at your design of your new bridge, it's not - it's almost unlike anything we've seen before. . .

Well. . .

turn 1 : The speaker is not literally saying that retrofitting the truss structure would require blocking lanes and overhead traffic. They are implying that the retrofitting process would be difficult and disruptive due to the many connections and members of a truss structure.

Which process would be difficult and disruptive due to the many connections and members of a truss structure?

Answer: Retrofitting


So Iran, I think, is going to respond to what it sees as its advantage. If the Trump administration were prepared to say we're going to remove a good part of the sanctions on Iran if you will sit down at the table, I think Iran would probably take that very seriously. The Trump administration, because of its opposition to the nuclear deal, created a crisis that really wasn't necessary.

And it could get worse. There is a real chance of misperception and misunderstanding that leads to military conflict. And I think this is something that nobody wants.

That's Gary Sick. He's a senior research scholar at Columbia University's Middle East Institute. Mr.  Sick, thank you so much for talking to us.

It was a pleasure.

turn 0 : Iran would be willing to negotiate if some of the sanctions were removed.

Which country's response would be affected if some of the sanctions were removed?

Answer: Iran


Well, a firing range is where you find gun owners, and usually very responsible gun owners. And it was important for Gabby and I to reach out to like-minded folks like ourselves. I mean, we're both gun owners and we do it responsibly and try to get their opinions on how this affects them.

Now, you have been to Nevada and to Alaska and today we're speaking to you in New Hampshire. These are states whose senators voted against expanded background checks when the people in their state seem to approve of the idea of background checks. What is your message to those senators?

You know, Gabby and I understand the states of Arizona and Texas and their connection to firearms very well. It's important for us to understand other places, places like Nevada and Alaska, Ohio, North Dakota, here in New Hampshire - Maine also. And we'll go to North Carolina as well. So, it's not so much of sending a message to certain members of the Congress but it's really about reaching out to their constituents, so the next time I speak to those members you have a better sense of what their issues are and the things that they have to deal with.

So, what are you hearing from the like-minded people that you meet, people who like to hunt and shoot and own guns?Are you finding the kind of support you'd hope to find?

turn 1 : Gabby and I wanted to reach out to people who shared our beliefs about gun ownership and responsibility.

What did Gabby and PersonA want to do by reaching out to like-minded gun owners?

Answer: Connect


Perhaps the most interesting part of it is the number of loose ends that we have. On one hand, Secretary Pompeo said there was no doubt Iran was responsible for the whole thing. And he listed a whole series of things that he said Iran had been doing, one of which was apparently an unknown militia in Iraq and the other was action by the Taliban in Afghanistan.

So maybe Iran really was responsible for the attacks on the tankers. But I think the fact that Pompeo chose to blame them for absolutely everything that's going on in the region that we don't like is a pretty good indication that the United States really is on a kind of propaganda campaign against Iran. But that doesn't solve the problem.

I was going to ask about the Iran side of this. So just, you know, for the sake of argument, what would Iran's motive be - if these attacks detected - what would be their motive?

As I say, I'm not doubting too much that Iran had a hand in this thing. Their motive is I think quite clear. We are in the middle of a signaling process that is going on. The United States is actually cracking down on Iran so that, basically, Iran not only can't sell oil. It can't sell its refined products. And, increasingly, Iran's closed out of international markets for just about anything that they produce.

turn 3 : The US is blocking Iran's access to international markets.

Which country is facing difficulties in selling its refined products?

Answer: Iran


Right now, American voters are debating whether to put a black man in the White House. In "Palace Council," a reporter named Eddie Wesley finds himself both professionally and personally connected to race, political violence and murder. I asked Professor Carter how he balances his life as a novelist and a Law Professor at Yale?

I think it was more of an escape. When I'm a law professor, I deal with difficult and even depressing subjects. I teach in areas like law and religion, or integrity and ethics, things like that. Writing novels, for me, writing fiction turns out to be a good balance. I write them mainly as entertainment, it's fun for me to write them, and it seems to be fun for readers to read them. Anyway people keep buying them.

Always good. This book really enters some very heavy research territory. As you flip through "Palace Council," you will see John Kennedy referenced, you will see the Vietnam War referenced, Richard Nixon referenced. Tell us a little bit about the structure of the novel, and why all of these actual people show up?

My first two novels, although they were thrillers, I guess I'd call them campus thrillers. They were both set on a mythical Ivy League campus in New England. This novel is, I guess you'd call it, a historical thriller. It begins in the '60s and runs through the '70s, and it tells the story of a massive conspiracy among families. Some very powerful and shadowy families. Some white, and some black, too, aiming at control of the Oval Office.

turn 0 : They aren't literally going to put a black man in the White House, they are going to vote him in.

What is being debated by American voters?

Answer: Presidency


My final thing is this, and I appreciate your coming on, one of the cornerstones of the president then-candidate Obama's approach to the people was that he would reach across the aisle, and there have been questions as to whether he really reached across the aisle effectively as far as the stimulus is concerned, fair or unfair?

I think he was effective. I mean, I'm not sure he ever could have expected to win a lot of people over but he had to be seen as trying. A budget after all like this stimulus economic recovery plan is actually a budget measure. It incorporates the priorities of the majority party, and the Republicans and Democrats have very different ideas of how to handle spending and taxes. So he was never going to get a lot of votes, but he tried. And he clearly, he tried not just stylistically but substantively. And what your listeners have to remember is that there are very moderate Republicans left in Congress. There's very few people left to deal with because Democrats have been so successful at the polls for the last two cycles.

I've got about 15 seconds for this, would you say that the president - this president - is under more public scrutiny that either of his recent predecessors?

Well, any president is under scrutiny, but I think yes. I mean, he's a ground breaker. He is the first African-American president that alone would bring him more scrutiny.

turn 0 : cornerstone means in this context that it is a significant issue.

How does "cornerstone" relate to Obama's approach to the people?

Answer: Significant


I think that's a - sometimes an oversimplification. But, you know, there's a bit of a creep factor now, to put it in the plainest terms. You click agree and maybe, you know, ads follow you around the net or - that's sort of the mildest form of these things. But in the sort of worst-case scenario, as you said, you know, your data might be sold in sort of an unethical way. We're all a little bit more wary, at least over here, about that kind of thing.

Over here in contrast to where?

Well, in contrast to other parts of the world. I would say what I saw at CES, which tends to favor big companies like Samsung, like LG, Sony - you know, obviously, are based mostly in Asia - the conversation around privacy there - it hasn't quite penetrated in the same way, at least by my reckoning from what I saw at CES because - I'll give you one example.

LG - they talked very highly about its smart home sort of platform, that all these devices have a connection to the Internet and they're using their sensors to kind of learn your preferences and better tailor what they can do for you. That all sounds good until you kind of realize, well, by definition, what they're doing is profiling you.

turn 3 : People in other parts of the world are not as aware of the risks associated with data profiling.

What is the reason for LG receiving criticism?

Answer: Profiling


Right. They're kind of barracks, right?This sort of - people don't have privacy.

No privacy. In some cases, they actually look like slave cabins. I mean, they're small. They're wooden shacks. Many of them - in fact, I have not seen one. They do not have bathrooms in the living facility itself. If you don't have a bathroom in your home or in your living space, you have to walk, in some cases, quite a ways to get to the toilet, to get to a shower. And this creates another vulnerability for women and something that they always have to be careful of, especially young girls.

What needs to happen, in your view?

Oh. I sigh because it's been such a long road. I think the best way for women to protect themselves - the best way that I've seen in the many years that I've organized has actually been a union contract. And that's because a union contract has a grievance process that guarantees that there will be no retaliation, that provides a means of justice and fairness and a response that's speedy, that addresses the issue, that allows farmworkers to actually have abusive supervisors fired and go back to work and be safe. If there's no way for an abuser to be actually punished for what he's doing to the women in the workplace, then it doesn't work. It doesn't work. And women are not going to complain. They're not going to feel safe.

turn 3 : Oh. I sigh because it's been such a long road. - The literal meaning of this turn is that the speaker is exhaling loudly because of a long journey. The actual meaning is that the speaker is expressing exhaustion and frustration from the challenges of advocating for farmworkers' rights.

How is the speaker feeling about advocating for farmworkers' rights?

Answer: frustration


Now, Mr.  Trump often points out that the school, at least on the website, had an overwhelmingly favorable rating from former students. But the plaintiffs say that it wasn't like that at all.

Really, that's exactly what they say. They argue that the whole point to this school was to keep selling students increasingly expensive seminars. First, there was a free introductory course where students were told they could make tens of thousands of dollars in just a couple of months using Trump's investment techniques.

But to learn those, they had to sign up for another seminar that cost about 1,500 bucks. And at that seminar, they were sold another course that cost as much as $35,000. They claim that students were encouraged to go into credit-card debt and even cash out their 401(k)s to pay for these top-level courses.

The settlement was reached. Well, one of these suits was about to go to trial on Monday, wasn't it?

Yeah, it was, though attorneys for Trump wanted it delayed because he was too busy with the transition. But, clearly, his schedule wasn't going to get any easier once he became president. So the judge in the case was urging both sides to settle.

turn 4 : “Yeah, it was, though attorneys for Trump wanted it delayed because he was too busy with the transition.But, clearly, his schedule wasn't going to get any easier once he became president.So the judge in the case was urging both sides to settle.” - Implied meaning: The judge wanted the two sides

How was Trump's schedule going to be affected?

Answer: both


The administration position, as I alluded to, is that the number of migrant children apprehended crossing the border without a parent or guardian is at all-time record highs, that this is an emergency situation and that they're having to process so many children that they are out of money for everything which is not - and I'll quote - "directly necessary for the protection of life and safety. "What is your response?

Well, I'd argue that legal counsel is often an issue of life and safety for these children. They have fled horrific, violent conditions in their home countries. And an order of deportation without the opportunity of due process could mean a threat to their life and safety. When we're talking about the numbers of children coming in here, while the numbers may be higher, they're not that substantially higher than they were in 2014. And we were able to continue and actually expand services.

In your view, is this move legal?I mean, is the U. S.  obligated by law to provide these services for unaccompanied minors in federal shelters here?

Absolutely. The Trafficking Victims Protection Act mandates that children be provided with Know-Your-Rights presentations and legal screenings when they are in the custody of ORR.

turn 0 : The number of migrant children crossing the border is a crisis, and they are out of funds for non-essential expenses.

What is the administration's position on the number of migrant children crossing the border without a parent or guardian?

Answer: emergency