The banks can bring in their junky securities and swap them for cash or treasury bills. And that, on top of interest rate cuts, Bernanke thought would be enough to keep the financial system working until it healed itself. The strategy at the Fed was known as the finger in the dike strategy, keep the water out and eventually things will recover.

But obviously, you know things didn't work out like that. And in the spring, we had the great Bear Stearns crisis, and the Fed was forced to intervene to prevent them going bankrupt. Then, we had another few months where it seemed like things had stabilized, but this thing's like a disease. It goes away for a while, and then, you know, it comes back in a more virulent form.

In September, after the collapse of Lehman Brothers, you know, all hell broke out, basically. And since then, we've had a sort of slow motion collapse of the financial system.

Now, this entire crisis has really tarnished Alan Greenspan's legacy, and he even admitted that his basic economic philosophy is now changed. What about Ben Bernanke?Does he deserve the same criticism?

turn 3 : Alan Greenspan's economic philosophy was flawed, and Ben Bernanke's may also be flawed.

How has the crisis affected the legacy of Alan Greenspan?

Answer: Bernanke


Now let's turn to West Africa. For more than a decade, Liberia has been struggling to recover from civil war. It has a female head of state now, and it also has big supporters in the U. S.  One of them is Bob Johnson, who founded and later sold Black Entertainment Television. Now he's building a four-star beachfront resort near Liberia's capital, Monrovia. Bob Johnson recently told me why he decided to invest millions of dollars in Liberia's economy.

It's part of a commitment I made to President Johnson Sirleaf and the people of Liberia, to help Liberia recover from some 13, 14 years of civil war. And it came about as a result of my participation, as well as President Sirleaf's participation in President Clinton's global initiative that he hosts every year in New York. And the charter is, do something, small or large, but do something. And so my something is to help Liberia.

What are we talking about in terms of the kind of money it takes to make this happen?

We are putting in approximately 12 to 13 million dollars in the construction of this hotel and the opening of the hotel, which is scheduled for March of '09. It'll be an 86-room hotel, as I said, situated on the beach, great facility for everybody from government officials and expats who want to go back and visit Liberia, as well as business people who are looking to do business in post-conflict Liberia.

So, do you expect to get a tourist crowd eventually?

turn 3 : The hotel is aimed at government officials, expats, and business people who want to do business in post-conflict Liberia.

Which group of people is the hotel aimed at?

Answer: Governmentofficials


It would basically just restore a tax on stock compensation income in our city. And this is a tax that actually existed prior to 2012, when we started granting tax breaks to grow the tech sector in our city. And the revenue would be used to address the growing inequality crisis in our city, to expand affordable housing for working-class and middle-class residents, to support and stabilize our small businesses here in the city that are struggling and haven't benefited from the same tax breaks.

And just to be clear, you've written this proposal so that this tax would apply to IPOs that have already recently happened, like Lyft and Pinterest. And we should note that your proposal still needs to be passed by the San Francisco Board of Supervisors, and then it would go directly to the voters on the ballot in November.

Exactly. I mean, it's still - there's still going to be a lot of public process and debate about this.

OK.  Now, one of your colleagues on the board of supervisors told the San Francisco Chronicle that it's, quote, "arrogant" to think that tech companies won't leave the city if they are taxed more aggressively. Are you worried about that risk, that your tax proposal might drive some tech companies out of San Francisco?

turn 3 : "drive some tech companies out of San Francisco" - Literal meaning: to force tech companies to leave San Francisco. Actual meaning: to cause some tech companies to consider moving out of San Francisco due to the proposed tax increase, which may negatively impact their financial situation.

How would you describe the possible consequence of the proposed tax increase on tech companies in San Francisco?

Answer: Leaving


No, he won't be voted on by the entire board, under our system, and I'd be telling you more internal NAACP organizational matters than anyone needs to know. The CEO works for the executive committee, and the executive committee needs to approve his contract, which I'm confident will happen. And when that's done, it's done.

You have been a very strong leader of the NAACP, from the position of chairman of the board. There have been some incredible chairmen - and women, including Myrlie Evers-Williams. But is this organization prepared to have a strong president?You are arguably still, at this point, you know, beyond arguably, the most powerful person at the NAACP, are you ready to split the seat?

I'm ready for Ben Jealous to come on board, and, you know, we have had only, I think, 17 people in this job, over the 99 years we've been in existence - four have been white, several have been women, they come from a variety of backgrounds and professions, but I'm looking forward to Ben Jealous. I think he is going to be among the strongest we've ever had, and may turn out to be the strongest we have ever had.

Give me a moment that you think typifies the direction that the NAACP is going. And what I mean is a personal moment, where you really felt, I'm doing the right thing, for the right reasons.

turn 0 : The CEO's contract will be approved by the executive committee, not the entire board.

How will the CEO's contract be approved?

Answer: Executive


Exactly, exactly.

How often does this happen?This is quite rare, is it not?

Yeah, we haven't had an annular eclipse in the United States since 1994, and this is part of what's called a sero-cycle(ph) that repeats itself every 18 years, 11 days and six hours - but who's counting that?But it repeats itself very precisely, and so we'll have another eclipse just like this 18 years, 11 days and six hours from now.

And in a couple of weeks, there's going to be another big sky show, right?The Transit of Venus. Tell us about that.

turn 2 : This goes beyond what is being asked and explains the cycle of annular eclipses in more detail.

How often does the sero-cycle repeat itself?

Answer: 18,years,11,days,6,hours


Iceberg in particular has managed to transcend these unfairly feminine connotations that salad-eating has taken on.

So as you reconsider iceberg's place in the fabric of our society and on your table, Rosner urges you to think even beyond the delicious wedge salad. She suggests stir-frying your lettuce, pickling it or blending it into a cold soup. And even if lettuce experimentation isn't for you, you can still try to let go of your leafy, green pretensions. Not everything has to be arugula.

Enjoy the crunch for what it is. I think even people who are sneering down their noses at iceberg lettuce love it when it's on top of a burger, when it's shredded really finely on a sandwich. There are contexts in which we know that iceberg is the perfect lettuce.

Lettuce doesn't have to be a wedge issue. Helen Rosner is a food writer for The New Yorker.

turn 1 : Fabric of society is actually just the way the society is made up of different personalities and choices.

How has iceberg lettuce managed to transcend unfairly feminine connotations?

Answer: Recontextualize


Every president in his or - his - well, I should say his or her. Every president in their first year has an unexpected crisis, whether it's national security, a natural disaster, domestic unrest. This is certainly shaping up to be Donald Trump's unexpected crisis. And I think he realizes that. And the stakes are getting higher, and I think that's why he's lashing out more because I think he realizes what's going on.

It's moved to the capital. As we said Secretary Price has resigned, but at least three more Cabinet members face similar accusations about charter jets. Whatever happened to them, can the Trump administration say they'll drain the swamp when they seem to be flying over it in private jets?

You, know, this reminds me of that line from "The Godfather" about Mr.  Corleone likes his bad news early. Donald Trump is not like bad news. And this was starting to spread to other cabinet members, obviously. And I think the we'll-see when he was asked whether Trump - I mean, whether Price should resign was his way of signaling, yes. And sure enough, Tom Price offered his resignation. And unlike the Session's case, the president accepted it because I think he sees this for the irony that it is of his own cabinet doing what he campaigned exactly against.

Is the Republican Party offering much of a profile of leadership at the moment?- can't get Repeal and Replace passed, the tax code seems - proposal seems fuzzy, federal response seems to certainly be slow if not negligent in Puerto Rico. We could go on.

turn 1 : Donald Trump is becoming increasingly desperate as he realizes the gravity of the situation he's in.

Answer: Trump


It is. And there's actually - turns out, there's a lot of responsibility with that because there are spectators everywhere. There are cameras everywhere. There's high winds, of course. They have to watch out for that. And anybody who doesn't stop when the yellow jersey stops, they're - they get in big trouble. And anybody who pees when there is too much wind or when they're in a group stuck somewhere, there are repercussions for people who sort of break these secret pee rules.

What other anecdotes do you have from other sports?

Well, the way I like to put this is there are nearly 3 billion gallons of urine evacuated on earth every day. And my reporting discovered that it seems like most of it ends up on an NFL field somewhere. Really, at any given moment, on an NFL sideline, there are probably a handful of players relieving themselves. They're sort of hiding in plain sight, whether they're going behind a towel or just going into their football pants or going behind an equipment case. You know, there are maybe 10 different techniques that football players relieve themselves during NFL games.

And wait, did you actually say that some of them just pee their pants?

turn 2 : "hiding in plain sight" - this is a figurative expression meaning that someone is trying to remain inconspicuous while being in an obvious location.

What is the figurative expression used to describe someone who is trying to remain inconspicuous while being in an obvious location?

Answer: Hiding


There are over 2,800 official emojis. You know those little icons you use to spice up your texts - a cow, a doughnut, a queen, and my personal favorite, the eye roll. The Unicode Consortium, the nonprofit that oversees emojis - yes, there is such a thing - has been criticized for its lack of diversity and inclusivity when it comes to LGBTQ or religious expression. And now they're under fire for one more - the afro. That's right. Of the more than 15 hairstyles offered in emoji form, not one is an afro. Rhianna Jones wants to change that. She's a freelance writer based in New York. And she joins me now from our studios there.

Rhianna, welcome.

Hi, Lulu. Thank you so much for having me.

It is an absolute pleasure to have you. Let's talk through this. There's already been some diversity in the emoji world. We have different skin tones included in emoji form. But why do you think an afro should be included too?

turn 0 : The phrase, "under fire", implies that criticism has been levelled at the Unicode Consortium for the lack of an emoji with an afro hairstyle..

What has the Unicode Consortium been criticized for?

Answer: Lack


Some people, they thinking the sanction will bring the government down. The other people, they think that sanctioning Iran will damage more regular people's life. This is the war. The sanction is some kind of economic war. So war started long time ago based on the economy.

And finally, before we let you go, you know, in - there have been times in the past that Iranian Americans have mobilized, you know, despite the fact that - as you said, that there are lots of different perspectives about the relationship and how it should proceed. But most recently, for example, there were - Iranian Americans were organizing around opposing the Trump administration's efforts to make it harder for people from predominantly Muslim countries to come here - the so-called Muslim travel ban. Is there any sense, do you have any sense that the community is mobilizing in any particular way now, as these tensions are rising?Or is it just too soon, and people just aren't sure - aren't really sure what to do?

For the majority of the people, it is not time yet. Everything is just going back and forth. One day, they're attacking. Ten minutes later, they said, we stopped the attack. So people, they don't know what's going on. But still, in majority of the community, you are mostly against the war, no matter from each side.

That is Raza Goharzad. He hosts the show "Politics And Society With Reza Goharzad" on KIRN in Los Angeles. It's also known as Radio Iran. He also hosts a television show which is seen in Iran.

turn 2 : This statement implies that the situation is unpredictable and confusing for many people.

What is the majority of the community's stance on the war?

Answer: Against


Well, responses have ranged from one person who said Biden was a great pick to another who said Obama made a terrible decision. But it's interesting, Joe Biden was the top choice of our unscientific online poll. We asked who Obama should pick as his VP, and 40 percent of all respondents chose him. So despite how people feel about Biden, I think a lot of people assumed that Obama would pick him. And Hillary Clinton interestingly was the second choice.

Really?As we get close - well, not closer to the convention, we are at the convention now - have you noticed an increase in the online traffic?Because I know people have really been paying attention. But now that we're here, are they really into it?

They are really into it. And everyone has an opinion. And everyone wants to make their opinion known. And that's just what they're doing.

Now, what are some of the things that we're going to be looking forward to, that our bloggers can look forward to on our website this week as part of our convention coverage?

Well, through npr. org, we have complete convention schedule so people know when to set their TiVos. We also have profiles of all the key Democratic players and we're also going to pose photo feeds from the convention floor. This morning, Michelle Obama was getting ready to make her speech and she was testing out the mics. And so we have some photos of that.

turn 2 : Online traffic and opinions are high during the convention.

How would you describe the online engagement during the convention?

Answer: High


I was like, yeah. She's like, what do you talk about?I say, my life, our life. And she's like, so you tell them about us and they pay you.

And she's like, I've never found you entertaining enough to pay you anything.

In fact, I wish you would shut up so - so she was - and my father is even worse. I mean, he's very dry. My mom has all the personality. My father is a - he's Swiss-German, so I mean he's just a combination of. . .

Known so much for their humor.

turn 3 : B: "Known so much for their humor." - This phrase is a sarcastic remark, and its actual meaning is different from its literal meaning. The speaker is suggesting that Swiss-German people are not known for their humor, whereas the literal meaning would suggest the opposite.

Which nationality is being sarcastically referred to in the dialogue?

Answer: Swiss-German


Oh yeah.

You know, it's - just, you know, it's that thing, good and evil.

Oh, I've got you. I got you. Now, you just sang the title song from the new CD. One reviewer says about that, the lyrics are inconsequential, what matters is the soul and funk. I don't know if I agree with that. You agree with that?

You know what, I feel like I may have been taken out of context because I said that about one song on this record, called "Emotions. "I said on that song, you know, I mean, you don't really need the lyrics. But for - to put that on a whole album, no, I don't agree with that. I put a lot of time into it (laughing).

Now, you actually - you played with a lot of different folks. You were with Fishbone. You were a member of Miles Davis's band. When was that?

turn 2 : What matters is how the song makes a person feels and how it sounds.

How did the reviewer describe the lyrics on the new CD?

Answer: Inconsequential


I Hope I didn't butcher your name too much. I apologize if I did. This book delves deeply into all of the political powers struggles involved in the building of our nation's capital. Really briefly, first talk about how the capital was moved from Philadelphia to Washington.

Well, first, let's frame it a bit by way of saying that we got our capital on the Potomac River thanks to the politics of slavery and thanks to the hard physical labor of enslaved African-Americans in the 1790s. There was a terrific political battle in the early 1790s over where the nation's capital was going to be. Think of the United States as a - just a collection of little mini-states mostly at odds with each other and without any great unifying national symbol. The capital was supposed to be that unifying symbol.

Congress originally voted to place the capital in Pennsylvania, a free state in the north. However, as you can imagine, Southern slave owners were irate at the prospect of a free-state capital that would set freedom as the national paradigm. They lobbied very aggressively for a Southern capital. There were 32 different sites originally considered, but the capital wound up on the Potomac thanks to probably the country's first real backroom deal cut between Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and Alexander Hamilton.

Well, in fact, you talk a lot in the book about what you call corruption that surrounded the establishing of the capital where it was, and you mention, as you've just now done, that there were presidents involved - Jefferson, Washington, Madison and Hamilton. So how much was the corruption a part of this?

turn 0 : They hope that the did not mispronounce the person's name too badly.

Answer: Name


It's a very large number. According to my client, it's only happened on one or two occasions, and she recalls one fairly recently in the last administration where a decision was overridden, but the supervisor explained the rationale and how the security concerns were mitigated. And she was willing to go along with his decision because it made sense.

In your client's complaint, the 25 people who were given security clearances are not named, but there has been reporting that President Trump overrode the decision of career officials to grant his son-in-law, Jared Kushner, a clearance. Can you tell us whether he's one of the people involved here?

I can't comment on that. My client is not willing to discuss individual security determinations. She thinks it would be improper.

Now that these accusations are in the hands of Congress and in the public eye, where does it go from here?

turn 1 : The turn that has a different meaning from its literal meaning is (2) "President Trump overrode the decision of career officials to grant his son-in-law, Jared Kushner, a clearance".  The phrase "overrode the decision" does not mean that President Trump simply disagreed with the decision made by the career officials and made a different decision. It implies that he forced the clearance to be granted despite objections from those officials.

Answer: Imply


He says today's number one threat to American national security is nuclear proliferation and terrorism. His new book, "Will Terrorists Go Nuclear?"examines both the risks and psychology of nuclear terrorism, and says terrorists don't need to have such weapons to perpetrate nuclear terror.

Nuclear terrorism is about the very frightening possibility that terrorists could acquire and employ nuclear weapons. Nuclear terror is about the anticipation of that event. Nuclear terrorism is about terrorists' capabilities, intelligence, evidence, our assessment of the threat. Nuclear terror is about our imagination.

The history of nuclear terrorism can be briefly summarized. Fortunately there hasn't been any. Many would hasten to add yet. But nuclear terror has a rich history, and it's deeply embedded in our popular culture and our policy making circles.

One of the other things you mentioned in the book, among many, is that al-Qaeda might become the world's first terrorist nuclear power without possessing a single nuclear weapon. And I suppose the answer to that is in part what you just were describing.

turn 1 : Nuclear terrorism is not just about the possibility of terrorists acquiring and using nuclear weapons, but also about the fear and imagination surrounding the threat.

Which term describes the fear and imagination surrounding the threat of nuclear terrorism?

Answer: Nuclear


Well, one of the big questions is going to be whether or not Donald Trump is able to turn out all of these new voters that he says he's going to be able to turn out. So if you look at the numbers on caucus night, if the numbers are about 150,000 or higher on the Republican side, people think that's a good day for Donald Trump. If there are 125,000 to 150,000, that's the number of people are saying could be good for Ted Cruz.

Democratic side, both Sen.  Sanders and Hillary Clinton seem to be getting good crowds.

For the Democrats, the thing to watch here is that Hillary Clinton has been in this state for two years organizing. They feel like they have their strong core base of support. They have Barack Obama's field operation there. Remember, he won this state in 2008. Bernie Sanders has a interesting complication because he's getting huge crowds. A lot of his supporters are young. They're college-age. The problem with them is that they're all concentrated in a few different places. He's winning more than a quarter of his vote right now in three counties. They're actually encouraging a lot of these kids to go back home so that they can filter out the vote in the rest of the state because the way delegates are picked, they need a little bit more of these kids to go back to other places. Otherwise, Hillary Clinton could wind up winning in rural counties and wind up beating Bernie Sanders, even though he might have a lot of vote concentrated in those cities.

All this concentration on Iowa - and I don't regret a moment on it. . .

turn 0 : "If there are 125,000 to 150,000, that's the number of people are saying could be good for Ted Cruz."  Implicated meaning: The number of people turning out to vote within the range of 125,000 to 150,000 is considered favorable for Ted Cruz's chances.  Explanation: The literal meaning of the statement is straightforward, stating that a voter turnout within a specific range is seen as beneficial for Ted Cruz. The implicated meaning, however, goes beyond the literal interpretation by suggesting that the voter turnout range is an indication of Ted Cruz's potential success in the election.

How many people turning out to vote are considered favorable for Ted Cruz's chances?

Answer: 150,000


But some of the people you were just talking about are format breakers, who are a little bit of R&B, some soul. They pull back from influences from the past but they put their own stamp on it. Sonia, what do you like right now coming out of Atlanta?What are some of your favorites?

You know, I liked hearing the bumper music that you guys are playing in between - those are current songs, but when I think about - well, you know, first it was Goodie Mob and the "Cell Therapy. "So, I was thinking about what Cee-Lo is doing now is part of Gnarls Barkley.

As a songwriter, when you think about it, this guy wrote "Don't You" for the Pussycat Dolls, turned around and that is a big commercial. I mean, this guy is an incredible talent. The album that he's put out now with Gnarls Barkley is good. I can't wait to hear what TI's going to say, now that he has been through what he has been through.

I'm a big TI fan. I am still a bit OutKast fan. You look at OutKast, just completed their ballet this past weekend. I mean, these people are looking at the music as just kind of a launching pad into a lot of different mediums and you can't help but be proud to see such talent being recognized and explored in so many different mediums.

turn 2 : TI has faced some challenges but people still look forward to his music

How do people feel about TI's music despite his challenges?

Answer: Hopeful


They have been evacuated. It tossed these trailer homes like tin cans. And there was one woman that said that she had turned in early and felt her bed bouncing. And she was evacuated and is staying elsewhere now.

The flooding - this is not restricted to just this small part of the state. This is the whole state of Oklahoma that's going through this. Is that right?

Yeah, 25% of the state has had at least 14 inches of water in the last 30 days. And if you look at towns in northeast Oklahoma like Skiatook - they've had 21 1/2 inches, Nowata 23 inches. It's just crazy. And this is all coming to a head in Tulsa along the Arkansas River.

And what exactly is happening in Tulsa?

turn 2 : Many towns in northeast Oklahoma have received excessive rainfall causing severe flooding in Tulsa along the Arkansas River.

How much rainfall did Skiatook receive in the last 30 days?

Answer: 21.5


So, what do you think is the possibility that Secretary Kerry can accomplish something?What do you think would look like success to him in nine months?

Success, obviously, would be in the form of an agreement reached. And I think that to do so, Secretary Kerry is going to have to enlist the support, the proactive support, of the White House. That is the missing formula so far. Whereas the White House, of course, has offered its generous support, no agreement between the Palestinians and the Israelis have been possible. If it involved only the efforts of the State Department and did not invoke at some stage the active participation of the White House, of the U. S.  president himself, what looks to be the case, is that the White House feels that this has a very small chance of success and therefore has given the secretary some general form of support that the parties in the region do not see as enough to sort of push them into an agreement that has that support.

Marwan Muasher oversees research on the Middle East at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Thank you very much.

Thank you.

turn 2 : The implied meaning of (3) is that Marwan Muasher is a respected expert on the Middle East and his opinion is valued

Answer: Agreement


Thank you. Good to be here.

Let's start with that refugee situation in Jordan. The current foreign minister says the country is being strained. There are reports that the fleeing is expected to continue. Do you expect Jordan will eventually have to close the border?

I don't think Jordan will close the border. Jordan has been in such a situation before, if you remember during the first Gulf crisis and then the second one where large numbers of Iraqis, third country nationals came to Jordan, fleeing the conflict. And as a general policy, Jordan has never closed its borders. That does not mean that it is not being tasked by these large number of refugees, but I don't think and I don't expect the borders to be closed.

And that issue of strain then, how badly are Jordan's resources being tasked?

turn 2 : Jordan is unlikely to close its borders to refugees despite the strain on its resources.

Which country is discussed in the dialogue?

Answer: Jordan


O'Rourke. Yeah, let's talk about Beto.

Yeah, Beto O'Rourke. He made a hell yes promise to buy back assault weapons and to push for mandatory buyback of assault weapons. What do you make of this?

That was a dramatic highlight of the debate and grabbed a lot of people, got a lot of mentions. But such moments do not make legislation. Congressional Democrats don't have a clear majority for an assault weapons ban, let alone gun takeaways. They're still hoping for universal background checks or - on people buying guns. But to pass the Republican Senate and actually get enacted, even that much would need the backing of the president and the approval of the federal courts. We are still a long way from meaningful gun measures, despite the carnage we saw from guns in August and so many other recent months and years.

And let's stay in the realm of Congress for this last question, Ron. As of today, where do you assess where Democrats stand on the question of impeachment at the moment?

turn 2 : The background checks will be of anyone and everyone that buys a gun in the country.

Which legislation is Congress still hoping for despite the dramatic highlight of the debate?

Answer: Background


The closest, I think, that the really strict mechanical scientists have come to that is eye tracking. And in eye tracking, they're really dealing with the most rudimentary kind of illusion perception. You know, they're saying, well, because we have now equipment that allows you to see exactly the focal point of the eye at any given moment, they have people watch videos of magicians, and they track the position of the people's eyes.

And they discovered - there are a couple of worthwhile things they have discovered. They have discovered, for example, that when a magician makes a straight movement from one point to another, the human eye looks at the first point and then dashes to the second point but doesn't really pay attention to the journey between those two, whereas, if the magician moves in a curved pattern, the eye follows the movement all the way. So that seems to me - that is the most profound revelation that I've heard from the people who are doing this sort of really lab-y, techie kind of stuff.

And is it something you can use or you're already out there using and you just never had a name for it?

I suppose if I ever thought about the small journeys of things, I probably would use it. I rarely do.

turn 3 :  A: "I suppose if I ever thought about the small journeys of things, I probably would use it." Here, the phrase "small journeys of things" does not refer to literal physical journeys. It implies paying attention to the details or processes involved in certain actions or events.

What does the phrase "small journeys of things" imply?

Answer: Details


Ibiza being the Spanish island where this video was filmed.

Exactly - just blathering on and on to a Russian woman who they believed was the niece of a prominent Russian oligarch.

And I'll just insert here that I have not had the opportunity to verify exactly what is being documented on this video. But what it has done is raise all of these questions in Austria about the extent of Russian influence in Austrian politics. Is that right?

Absolutely. And, I mean, it's funny because these are actually fake Russians. This is - these are not necessarily people that were sent from the Kremlin. We don't really know the provenance of the video. Some people believe it's an activist collective. Other people are speculating that some secret services of various countries were involved. But the most important thing to say is that Vice Chancellor Strache hasn't denied any of the assertions.

Right. Well, let me insert a practical question here. Where does this leave the government of Austria?Who's in charge today?

turn 3 : The origin of the video is unknown, but the Vice Chancellor has not denied any of the allegations

What has the Vice Chancellor not denied regarding the video?

Answer: allegations


Philippines armed forces pounded militant positions again on Saturday, the fifth-straight day of fighting between government forces and ISIS-linked fighters who have occupied parts of the city of Marawi on the island of Mindanao. A military spokesman says that at least 40 militants have been killed since the fighting began, and at least 13 soldiers have died. We're joined now from Mindanao by Michael Sullivan.

Michael, thanks so much for being with us.

You're welcome, Scott.

You're just back from Marawi. What did you see?

Scott, I saw a ghost town, really. I mean, it was eerie. It's a city of more than 200,000 people. But it just looked as if someone had suddenly just snatched them all away, just plucked them from the street. The only people we saw in the city proper were heavily armed Philippine soldiers trying to flush out militant snipers. And you could hear intermittent gunfire on the streets approaching that part of the city that the militants still control.

turn 2 : (3) "You're welcome, Scott" - This is an expression of gratitude and respect, not an acknowledgement that Scott has granted permission.

Which expression did PersonA use to respond to PersonB's thanks in the dialogue?

Answer: Welcome


I mean, anything that - any interest rate right now that's pegged to the federal funds rate, which is a key benchmark rate that many, many credit cards, many, many - some types of mortgages - but also many more types of short-term debts are pegged to, you can benefit a whole lot.

The problem is that if you're already in one of these homes, for example, that's - and you're underwater, meaning that you're house is worth less than the mortgage owner, and you've got poor credit or you don't have enough money or enough equity in the house to be able to refinance, then you're going to run it to a proper and you're not going to benefit.

Whether or not they - that helps the economy overall remains to be seen. I mean, the problem with economics statistics is that many times they lag by a couple of months. And so by the time you find out - by the time a recession is declared, you may have already been in one for about a month or two before you - before the rest of the country actually knows ,you know, some grand proclamation that comes from the Federal Reserve or some economists somewhere that we are in a recession.

We're going to talk a little bit more soon with a realtor in Ohio, your state, about the situation there. But last week, Countrywide Financial was subpoenaed by the attorney general of Florida. It's just one of a number of government agencies investigating the largest mortgage lender.

turn 1 : (2) To be underwater means to owe more money than the asset is worth.

How would you describe the situation of someone who is "underwater"?

Answer: Owe


Coastal Texas did have a couple of days to prepare for this storm. People were urged to leave the area. What's your estimation?Did many people take that advice and get out before Harvey hit?

Well, certainly some did. As I was driving in from Austin and San Antonio yesterday, you could see a fair number of cars, you know, going the other direction. So certainly, there were some people that evacuated. But here at the hotel that we're staying, there are hundreds of residents who are from Corpus Christi who decided to hunker it out and stay the night here. You know, there were no mandatory evacuations ordered for Corpus Christi.

Some are beginning to wonder, you know, was that the best plan of action?Had a mandatory evacuation been ordered, they would have had to evacuate the hospitals. And that, you know, picks up a whole series of logistical issues. So you know, as the Texas governor ordered yesterday, if you feel unsafe, if you feel unsecure then you should flee.

And Russell, what do you see for the next few hours and next few days about when conditions might improve and what people have to contend with?

turn 2 : (3) Had a mandatory evacuation been ordered, they would have had to evacuate the hospitals.

What picks up a whole series of logistical issues?

Answer: Logistical


Well, I want to offer condolences to you and the Virginia Beach community. I'm wondering what you can tell us about how people are holding up. I understand you visited a hospital where some of the people wounded in the shooting are being treated still.

I did. You know, this is - again, it's a horrific tragedy, and our hearts go out to certainly the 12 victims that showed up for work yesterday for the city of Virginia Beach intending to go home. And this tragedy occurred, and they weren't able to. And so there's a tremendous void in their families and our community right now. There's a lot of hurt and healing that needs to take place.

I was able to go to the hospital this morning. My intentions were twofold. I wanted to thank the caregivers, the doctors, the nurses and the administrators. And then also, I was able to speak with one of the patients and the families. And they're just such strong and faithful people and just going through what must be one of the hardest experiences in their lives. They were just very grateful for the care that they were receiving and grateful for the heroic work of the law enforcement agents yesterday.

Inevitably, after each mass shooting, there are calls for tighter gun laws. You introduced a number of gun control bills in Virginia's General Assembly back in January, not even six months ago.

turn 1 : The shooting was a terrible tragedy and has left a lot of hurt and healing needed in the community.

Which community is in need of healing after the shooting?

Answer: Community


In 2013, a professor there, Ethan Zuckerman, had said, look - this is a guy who's a sex offender. He's done these crimes against children, solicited procurement of prostitution of minors. He shouldn't be involved in the institute. So two years later, when Ito was making sure that he could come to the offices to look around, they essentially said, we've got to box Zuckerman out so that he won't be able to see that Epstein is on campus.

So have there been any ramifications to this other than Ito's resignation?

Well, sure. Zuckerman resigned. A couple other people have resigned affiliations with the lab. I think there's real questions focusing on the university - why this resignation didn't come sooner, why it wasn't forced. You don't need an MIT Ph. D.  to be able to read the writing on the wall that's in letters that big. And they should have had some accountability and responsibility. The initial statements didn't, you know, seem to allow the precise nature of the interactions, the precise figures involved to be obscured to the public. That's not the kind of accountability you want from a place like MIT.

Can you just talk a little bit more about what you think the bigger-picture consequences are of this?I mean, what does this lab do, and why do you think that it's important that people focus on something like this?

turn 2 : The "MIT PhD" and "writing on the wall" comments imply that the situation should have been obvious to all observers.

Which comments suggest that the situation should have been evident to everyone?

Answer: Evident


"VIC" (Member, Overeaters Anonymous): Hi.

Vic, I want to start with you, and I want to be very specific. Give me an example of a day when you completely lost control over your eating.

"VIC": It wasn't a day. It was the day before (Laughing) and that day and the next day. But anyway - OK, so I wake up in the morning, totally hung over. Dr.  Lerner - Marty - described very well, you know, having lost control. So, I wake up, I feel terrible, and the last thing I want to do, I think in my rational brain, is eat because I feel so bad. And yet, I know that if I take one bite of anything, I'll be off and running. And I'm scared. I'm really scared.

Let me just ask one thing. When you say hung over, do you mean hung over from overeating or hung…

turn 2 : Despite feeling terrible, Vic has a compulsion to eat.

How did Vic feel when he woke up in the morning?

Answer: Compulsion


I'm Farai Chideya and this is News & Notes.

Condoleezza Rice holds historic talks with Libya's Moammar Gadhafi, and the South African president tries to get political rivals in Zimbabwe to reconcile. For that and more in our Africa Update, we've got Emira Woods, she is co-director of Foreign Policy in Focus at the Institute for Policy Studies. Hey, how are you doing?

Hey. So great to be in the same room with you.

I know, I get to do it every now and then. And every time I do, you're wearing an incredible tailored African outfit. One day we will have to take a picture and put it up on our newsandviews blog.

turn 1 : Emira Woods will give an update on Africa.

How is Emira Woods affiliated with the Institute for Policy Studies?

Answer: Affiliated.


This is going to be a really interesting hearing today. I'm going to see if the judge approves these requests from the plaintiffs who want to see more documents being released from the Trump administration as well as they want to see the judge to possibly order more depositions, more officials sitting down for questioning to try to get a bottom of this - these claims. And this could possibly affect - if there's additional documents released, additional testimony - this could affect the ruling that the Supreme Court is expected to release by the end of this month.

That's the final judge here. The Supreme Court will be ruling on this.

Exactly. We're watching to see what the justices say. And it's a very tight deadline. July 1 is when the Census Bureau says that printing has to start for the 2020 census forms.

Hansi, thanks so much.

turn 2 : The deadline for printing the 2020 census forms is approaching.

Which bureau has set the deadline for printing the 2020 census forms?

Answer: Census


Hi, Lulu. How are you?

I'm good. How are the players that you're talking to reacting to the stand that the NFL's taken?

Well, I think they've taken the position that the NFL has decided to fully engage with this culture war initiated by the president when he first attacked the NFL players back in September. One of the questions of the book that I was asking is, who gets to be the patriot?And when the president first called the players unpatriotic, then said that they shouldn't have jobs, now he's even saying that dissenting players maybe shouldn't even be in the country. And that the NFL is going along with it, as well, I think this has really reignited some really bad blood between the players and the owners.

And how is that manifesting itself?I mean, what conversations are the players having, and what can they actually do?

turn 2 : Bad blood is not literally being lit up or ignited. The implied meaning is that the players and owners are not agreeing on the issue at hand and therefore tensions are arising.

How is bad blood manifesting between the players and owners?

Answer: Manifestation


I want to kind of mention quickly the things that are floating out there as rumors and are not confirmed. Again, these are things that people are talking about and are not confirmed. There are many people who immediately assumed this is a terror attack. Tovia, this is not confirmed.

Not confirmed. Nothing about the cause of this, whether it was some kind of unintentional explosion from down in a manhole or something or whether it was a bomb. The police do tell me that the bomb squad is on the scene, as you would expect, along with police and fire and rescue, but they are not talking about the cause. They - a briefing is coming soon but it's taking some time to maneuver down there and also to collect some good information, some hard data about what's going on and numbers of injured and the rest.

What agency are you speaking with to confirm what's going on?Is it the Boston Police Department?

Boston police is who I have been talking to. The hospitals are confirming that people are on their way as well.

This is TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News.

turn 0 : "floating out there" implies that people are talking about this incident without any confirmed information so what is being spread may not be true

How would you describe the nature of the rumors being spread about the incident based on the dialogue?

Answer: Unconfirmed


You know, let's come back to the Large Hadron Collider because if you talk about things, if you talk about this theme, there's much more to the universe than meets the eye, the other one that you know well is the prediction from string theory and similar theories that there are extra dimensions. And one of the ways to look for things like extra dimensions or shadow universes is to look for the leakage of material from our universe into their universe.

And let me use the LHC. One way to look for evidence of extra dimensions would be to carefully look at collisions that take place at the Large Hadron Collider and look for some of the energy to disappear. And what's interesting about that technique is when I put there's - when I say there's much more to the universe than meets the eye, the top of my list would be neutrinos, and we now know neutrinos exist. We can't see them with the eye, but we can build detectors to detect them. And the original evidence for the neutrino was missing energy in beta decays that were observed in the early part of the last century and then poly-hypothesize this particle, the neutrino. And eventually, we built detectors that were sensitive enough. So this technique of looking for energy leaking out of our universe going elsewhere is a very powerful technique for looking for things that we can't see.

Michael Turner, a pleasure as always to come have you come on and explain this stuff to us. Thanks a lot, Michael.

Glad to be on.

turn 0 : the speaker is discussing the possibility of extra dimensions and shadow universes, and how we can look for evidence of them at the Large Hadron Collider by observing the disappearance of energy. The actual meaning is not just about staying silent or not making noise, but rather exploring the concept of extra dimensions and the technique of observing energy leakage.

What is the technique discussed by the speaker to look for evidence of extra dimensions at the Large Hadron Collider?

Answer: Leakage


Can anybody do this?And this being adopted and adapted by commercial industry?

Well, anybody with a little equipment could do it. The thing is, it's still not easy, and it's still really expensive because you can only make - right now they only know how to make really, really, really tiny amounts. But the big thing he was trying to show is you don't have to start with really expensive feed stocks, is the chemical term.

You can make this stuff from anything. So once people figure out their techniques a little bit better, the prospects for a huge drop in price are great. Now of course there are other problems with this stuff. There's not enough of it that people have figured a lot of the technical problems. Like if you make electronics from graphene, it has all these beautiful properties. But if you make them, you've got to connect them to wires.

And the connector problem, you know, just in a way it's a version of when you plug something into your computer, how do you connect it. How do you connect something to a sheet of carbon that's one atom thick so that it's reliable and does what you want it to?People are working on that. That's still a mystery.

turn 0 : being adopted in this context means "is something being used?"

What is the chemical term for the expensive feed stocks mentioned in turn 1?

Answer: Feedstocks


Why they're talking about it is because they feel they have to talk about it. The government of Bangladesh wants the bulk of these people to return. They also would be feeling some domestic pressures in this area, as well. And the government of Burma, I think, is feeling some of the pressure from the international community and feels some need to be responsive. But the real story here is this is horrifying, this discussion, to be taking place right now, given the complete absence of measures in place to ensure safety and security upon return.

As I understand it, the Rohingya, according to this agreement, will be moved from the camps in Bangladesh to a camp in Myanmar where there could be security concerns.

Oh yeah, there are no safeguards in place. There - been no serious discussion of safeguards for return. You have to realize that we're talking about one of the greatest crimes in recent memory - massive abuses, forced relocation of hundreds of thousands of people in a matter of weeks.

There's problems, obviously, with monitoring the situation. The government won't let - of Myanmar - won't let international monitors in. And, in fact, the top U. N.  official responsible for human rights was barred from the country. Is that right?

turn 0 : The situation is horrifying because no safety measures have been put in place for the return of the Rohingya.

How would you describe the situation for the return of Rohingya?

Answer: horrifying


And, of course, it's irresistible to point out Franklin Roosevelt, who, as you rightly point out, is considered one of our greatest presidents, still put Japanese-American citizens in internment camps. Lincoln, our greatest president by universal acclamation, crushed civil liberties in many areas to prosecute the war. Are you just focusing on what Buchanan did wrong?

Look, nobody's perfect, of course. And, of course, one of the things I like to point out in the book is that Buchanan had some good traits, too. He wasn't just some evil jerk. He was the greatest party giver in mid-19th century America. He - even though he hated Douglas, there's nothing I could find in any of his papers where he bad-mouthed anybody.

He was a very civil guy. And so people liked him. So that's a plus, I would say. But his negatives was he had no knowledge of how to lead in any case. He waffled when we really needed him - the lead-up to the Civil War. And this was a really crucial time. And he really blew it.

Robert Strauss - his book, "Worst. President. Ever. "Thanks so much for being with us.

turn 0 : (1) Implied meaning: Are you suggesting that despite the good things Franklin Roosevelt and Abraham Lincoln did, they were still wrong for certain actions?

What president was mentioned in the book as the "Worst.President.Ever."?

Answer: Buchanan


Oh, absolutely not, Scott. That's not - that's the - kind of our problem. Remember that we went from basically a dead start over the last 15 years where we didn't have these capabilities to now having a remarkable capability to collect intelligence and information using these platforms and all these great people. And so we just - as an institution we have to get ahead of that. It's been hard to do as the demand grew so rapidly.

I know they're not in combat, which is its own category to acknowledge and respect, but is it possible for a drone pilot to develop what some people would call post-traumatic stress?

Oh, I think it's beyond possible. I think it's happened. This is one of the kind of second-order effects that we probably didn't anticipate when we first started this work. I don't think there's any question that it's a factor. I don't believe it's an overriding factor. We don't have a great number of people who have manifested these kind of symptoms and problems, but we certainly do have some.

Do drones offer the appearance of risk-free combat?

turn 1 : Implies that there is a possibility for a drone pilot to experience psychological trauma, even if they are not in combat.

How can a drone pilot be affected psychologically?

Answer: Psychologically


The problem is 90 percent of space in our military is in the Air Force. So what we're basically going to be doing is taking the current infrastructure - for example, Space Command in Colorado Springs will become the headquarters for the Space Corps. We're talking about taking the people that we need to take that deal with space and segregating them into a culture that appreciates them.

The Air Force has pushed back on this. The Air Force Secretary Heather Wilson said, quote, "the Pentagon is complicated enough. This will make it more complex, add more boxes to the organization chart and cost more money. "Is she wrong?

She's absolutely wrong. The bureaucracy is always going to fight reform - always, especially the Pentagon. They're fighting this because they don't want Congress meddling. You know, what I've told her is, in 16 years, the Air Force has not changed a thing. And they've got us in this situation now where Russia and China have become near peers. They're close to surpassing us. What we're proposing would change that.

I think what some people would say is that we are cooperating with the Russians on the International Space Station. Should space be the new frontier of warfare, or should it actually be a place where, indeed, these cooperations flourish?After all, we are all on one planet.

turn 0 : "segregating them into a culture that appreciates them" - This phrase implies that currently the people who deal with space in the military are not appreciated or valued, and that by creating a separate "Space Corps" culture, they will receive the recognition and resources they need to excel in their work.

How will creating a separate "Space Corps" culture affect the recognition of people who deal with space in the military?

Answer: Recognition


I have been late. Now I'm right on time. And I make mistakes, but at least they're mine. I'd sign my life away on a dotted line Just to get the love I deserve. . .

That's News & Notes. Glad you could join us. Nicole Childers, Christabel Nsiah-Buadi and Geoffrey Bennett produced the show. Sasa Woodruff is the editor. Sonata Lee Narcisse directs. The technical director is Sherene Strausberg. Marcia Caldwell and Shawn Corey Campbell are our drive engineers. The News & Notes staff includes Roy Hurst, Geoffrey Gardner, Devin Robins, Zachary Slobig, Joanne Griffith, Drew Tewkesbury, Allison Samuels and Jim Wallace. To listen to the show or subscribe to the podcast, visit our Web site, nprnewsandnotes. org. To join the conversation or sign up for the newsletter, visit our blog at nprnewsandviews. org. News & Notes was created by NPR News and the African-American Public Radio Consortium. On Monday, short on cash these days?Well, what if your neighborhood got together and started printing its own money?It's already happening. We'll look at the spread of customized community currency.

(Singing) Growing up too fast. I have the best friends you could ever have, But I don't know what I got 'til it's gone. . .

Because I lose every single game I play 'Cause I'm a slave to my distractions. I climb a mountain for every mess I make, But can't get no satisfaction.

turn 0 : A is not actually talking about being late or making mistakes, but rather about deserving love.

How is PersonA feeling about the love they deserve?

Answer: Deserve


You'd hear it - kind of like a whistling noise. And you'd also hear the trees kind of swaying outside the windows.

After the storm passed, they were able to return to their hospital room, where they slept through the night.

First thing in the morning, I went home to check on my house. I saw multiple trees down in our neighborhood. Some were even close to some of my neighbors' houses. But it was a relief when we found out that my house was intact.

They'd lost a grapefruit tree. Their yard was a mess, though, and the power was out. So Susie went to Gainesville to recover at her parents' house. Ben spent the week cleaning up at home and thinking about what preparations to make for the next hurricane.

turn 2 : The speaker's house was not damaged by the hurricane

How was the PersonA's house after the hurricane?

Answer: Intact


At dusk tonight - the Belmont stakes, and an engaging chestnut named California Chrome has a chance to be the first horse to win the Triple Crown - a sweep of all three of the major thoroughbred races since 1978. We're honored now to be joined by Laura Hillenbrand. She's a horse rider by trade, of course she's author of the perpetual best-selling "Seabiscuit. "Laura, thanks so much for being with us.

I'm so happy to be here Scott.

What is there about the Belmont stakes that frustrates so many great four-legged athletes who've already won two big races?

They call it the test of their champion for a reason. It is a tricky race. It's run around the biggest track in the country so strategy is different. You have to move a different place. It's a race that requires a lot of the jockey.

The thing that makes it the hardest in terms of sweeping the whole Triple Crown is the horse that gets there with a chance to win it as California Chrome has. They've already competed in the Derby and the Preakness, which are two incredibly difficult races. And now, in the span of five weeks, they have to try the third one. And it's the hardest one of all, the longest one of all. It's really asking a huge amount of them. And that's why, in my whole racing fan life, I have never seen a horse sweep the Triple Crown. I've seen 12 horses go to the Belmont with a chance to win it, and all of them have failed.

California Chrome is called the people's horse, kind of like Seabiscuit.

turn 3 : "It's a race that requires a lot of the jockey." - The literal meaning of this phrase is that the race demands a great deal from the jockey. The figurative meaning is that the jockey needs to have a lot of skill and experience to navigate the race successfully.

Which quality does the jockey need to have to navigate the Belmont stakes successfully?

Answer: Experience


Well, up until about two decades ago there were no rights for crime victims. Victims were treated basically as another part of the evidence of the crime. So, really we've seen a great development in crime victims' rights in the criminal and juvenile justice systems since that time.

Who pioneered that change?

Really, it was driven by the experience of victims and survivors themselves. Like the example of Miss Hawkins, who turned the worst event in her life into a catalyst to make a difference for other people, so that other people wouldn't have to go through the same thing that she went through, that's the story of the Victims' Rights Movement. It has been people who felt that they were so poorly treated by the criminal justice system, that they had to make a difference and make sure it would be better for the next person.

How would you define victims' rights?Just you know, what do you think victims' rights really means?

turn 0 : Victims did not have any legal rights until recently.

What was the treatment of victims before two decades ago?

Answer: No


There is no good precedent for thinking that these peace talks will work well for exactly the reason that you have said. The Syrian regime and its allies should - have at no point countenanced the idea that Bashar al-Assad will step down. And then the opposition negotiating committee reiterated in London this week that they foresee a six-month transitional period at the end of which Assad is no longer the president of Syria. So that's a pretty big sticking point.

And starts on Monday?

Starts on Monday at sundown, which is also the beginning of the Muslim Eid festival, yes.

Alice Fordham in Beirut. Thanks so much.

turn 3 : expression of gratitude, as the speaker is thanking Alice Fordham for her report. Both turns have a figurative meaning that is different from their literal meanings.

How does turn 3 differ from its literal meaning?

Answer: Gratitude


It's surprising to me how many people believe that most suspects will invoke their right and remain silent when in fact they don't.

Gee, what's the psychology behind that, do you think?

The crooks think they're smarter than the cops. They've rehearsed their story and their alibi and they got to get it out. And they're hoping that if they waive their rights and speak to us they'll be able to baffle us and we'll leave them alone and walk away.

Can you recall a scene that you think really gets it right?

turn 3 : In (4), the speaker asks if the other person can recall a scene that accurately portrays suspects' behavior when questioned by the police. The implied meaning is that the speaker is interested in finding examples of suspects speaking to the police despite having the right to remain silent, possibly to better understand the phenomenon.

How is the speaker in turn 3 trying to enhance their understanding of the phenomenon?

Answer: Recall


Well, you know, I'm a Republican, but I'm also Catholic. So for me, the religious side, if we went there, I would be very much be against the death penalty, very much pro-life. And I see the pro-life and the death penalty - you kind of have to be consistent, in my mind.

You talk about your Catholic faith and how you look at this question through that lens. Of course, there are people who think that religion ought to be set aside. But I think in reality, many people do look at it at political questions through the lens of their own values. But white evangelicals make up a big part of the Republican Party. There are a lot of white evangelicals there in Kentucky as well. Of course, many white evangelicals oppose abortion, so I'm curious how you make that case to them.

Well, and that's why I'm, quite frankly, focusing on the economics. - But when you start talking about the numbers, the numbers are numbers. And it's pretty clear in a state like ours where we have desperate needs to use the money in other places - to shore up our pensions, you know, to help with our school system - this is simply an area where I think if you look at it logically, we're not getting any benefit from a criminal law standpoint, so let's spend our money somewhere else.

So the fiscal argument might make the case where the moral argument is more complex.

That's right.

turn 1 : It may be difficult for A to reconcile their Catholic beliefs with the beliefs of white evangelicals in the Republican Party.

Which group's beliefs might conflict with PersonA's Catholic beliefs in the Republican Party?

Answer: WhiteEvangelicals


He had a very utopian view of how computers would change work, but he had also a kind of warning. He had a very utopian view of how computers would change work, but he had also a kind of warning.

That's computer scientist Eugene Fiume of Simon Fraser University. That's computer scientist Eugene Fiume of Simon Fraser University. Fiume says that despite his concern about the need for rapid re-education, Asimov was an optimist in his predictions. Fiume says that despite his concern about the need for rapid re-education, Asimov was an optimist in his predictions.

What he predicted was that computers themselves would allow people to become researchers and scientists and artists - this idea of replacing that low-level intellectual work and allowing people to improve themselves by looking at higher level intellectual work. What he predicted was that computers themselves would allow people to become researchers and scientists and artists - this idea of replacing that low-level intellectual work and allowing people to improve themselves by looking at higher level intellectual work.

It's hard to say how many laid-off factory workers have moved on to pick up paintbrushes, but Fiume says that Asimov's 1983 essay envisions how, left to their own devices. . . It's hard to say how many laid-off factory workers have moved on to pick up paintbrushes, but Fiume says that Asimov's 1983 essay envisions how, left to their own devices. . .

turn 1 : Asimov was optimistic in his predictions despite his concerns.

How did Asimov feel about the impact of computers on work?

Answer: Utopian


You don't have to do that. You are not alone in this process.

(Laughter).

Really, when you're ordering a bottle of wine, you only need to give two pieces of information - one, your budget. And do not be ashamed. Do not be embarrassed. We all have a budget. Secondly, your taste. Now, that could be as specific as saying, I had an incredible Adelsheim Oregon pinot noir the other night - what do you have like that?Or it could be as broad as saying, I like things that smell like peach.

And from there, if you have a good sommelier, they're going to be able to guide you to the hidden gems on that menu. And I have to say, it's a pleasure to be able to have a conversation with someone about what they like and to take them on a journey through this glass of wine because a good glass of wine is that. I didn't believe it in the beginning, but I came around to really experience it as a way to travel through time and place without ever leaving your seat.

turn 1 : B's laughter does not have a literal meaning but is likely a response to something humorous or lighthearted in the conversation.

Which non-literal response did PersonB make in the conversation?

Answer: Laughter


And, you know, in 2015, the Supreme Court ruled the Affordable Care Act is constitutional by calling the penalty for not having insurance a tax. And Congress has the power to tax people. So these attorneys general come in, and they argued that since Congress eliminated that tax penalty, the law can no longer stand. And that's what the judge agreed to last night. And he took that argument, and he struck down the entire law.

Now, it's going to be appealed.

Yeah.

The attorney general of California's already said so.

turn 0 : The judge rejected the law so hard that it's being compared to striking something down.

What is the judge's decision compared to?

Answer: Striking


Oh, there are lots of modern blunders but not all of them are brilliant.

To be brilliant, it has to be truly an epic blunder, is what you're saying.

Well, it has to be something that in one way or another leads to a real breakthrough. You know, this is how I define, you know, a brilliant blunder and not just something that is a big mistake. I mean there are lots of huge mistakes.

While I was writing this book, when people would ask me what is your book about, I said, you know, it's about brilliant blunders and it's not an autobiography.

turn 1 : To be truly brilliant, a blunder must lead to a real breakthrough.

Which kind of blunder does PersonA define as brilliant?

Answer: Brilliant


Earlier this week, viewers of the CBS drama "The Good Fight" were greeted by an 8 1/2-second-long image. It read, CBS has censored this content. Content was a piece of animation, along with a song, that took critical aim at Chinese censorship, often of American products, and the importance of a Chinese market to U. S.  businesses, sometimes at the expense of U. S.  values.

The animator who brought that bit to life is Steve Angel. He joins us now from Toronto. Mr.  Angel, thanks so much for being with us.

My pleasure. Happy to talk to you.

And I should disclose I'm a special contributor to "CBS Sunday Morning," a production of CBS News. Since we can't see that scene for ourselves, could you describe it to us?

turn 1 : The animation bit wasn't literally brought to life; it just means that the man created the animation.

What does "brought" mean in the context of the animator Steve Angel?

Answer: Created


Good morning, Renee.

First, that citizenship question. In just a matter of days, it's been on, it's been off. Now the president says he wants it on again. What's going on there?

The Supreme Court said last month, you could have it but only with good justification. And the Supreme Court has ruled before that the census is supposed to count everyone and not just citizens, as it has always. Then, the president said yesterday he had four or five ways that he could get this question back on. But executive orders, which were one of the ways he mentioned, do not supersede court orders. So the president is still going to have to have something that pleases the court.

And yesterday, a federal judge in Maryland ordered further discovery in this case, meaning people from Commerce and the Justice Department are going to have to answer questions about this question, where it came from. And yesterday, in court, the lawyers for the administration admitted that, at this point, they don't know what to say.

The president has also been tweeting about another big story, the conditions at Border Patrol detention centers. Yesterday, he said many of the migrants held there were - and I'm quoting - "living far better now than they were where they came from and in safer conditions. "I mean, that's not what a report from the Department of Homeland Security's own Office of the Inspector General said this week. It - that report warned about dangerous overcrowding and prolonged detention without proper food or hygiene or laundry facilities - very big difference.

turn 1 : The citizenship question has been a topic of confusion and inconsistency.

What has been the source of confusion in recent days?

Answer: confusion


President Obama in Elkhart, Indiana, today says he will create an independent, bipartisan board to oversee spending and to ensure that the money isn't wasted. The high school auditorium in Elkhart was filled to capacity for President Obama's town hall meeting. According to the Elkhart Truth newspaper this morning, the line to get in was longer than a football field. People waited for hours in predawn frigid temperatures. The president chose Elkhart to sell his stimulus plan because it's one of the cities that has suffered the most in this recession. Elkhart's unemployment rate is 17 percent. Earlier, I spoke with the managing editor of the newspaper, Greg Halling.

So, 17 percent unemployment rate; tell us more about how the economy has affected Elkhart.

What you see is, in Elkhart, is just everywhere you look, people who have held jobs, who've been able to take care of their families, basically, their entire lives, for the first time, being forced to go to food pantries just to make sure that they can make ends meet.

So, with a 17 percent unemployment rate in Elkhart, the people must be pretty desperate. How much faith and how much hope are they pinning on the stimulus package?

turn 0 : Obama wants to make sure that money is not spent on things that are not needed.

Which city did President Obama choose to sell his stimulus plan?

Answer: Elkhart


From each other?

Yeah, male and female professionals of color?Do they face different challenges?

I think they do face different challenges. And particularly, I look at women and they can tend to be branded things like too emotional, or not competitive, or not dedicated. Because there are some unique skill sets that women bring that I think really ad value. So for example I find that women are more intuitive, which means for me they can be better forecasters of future trends. They're more nurturing, which means they're better attuned to the needs of their people and really better at developing people, and they actually are better communicators to me. I know that's a surprise to a lot of listeners, but I find that they are more responsive to giving and receiving feedback.

Just quickly, what about men?

turn 2 : Women professionals face unique challenges due to gender stereotypes

How are women professionals affected by gender stereotypes?

Answer: Challenges


Work on voter registration, voter mobilization, education, coalition building, work together to help end the war in Iraq and Afghanistan. Reinvest in America. Convince young America that they really do have the power to change the course of the country. We must have a renewed and multiracial and multicultural coalition. These are the things that I've revolved my work around, and I intend to be pushing them real hard this summer and fall.

And do you think you'd go out on the stump with him if he wanted you to, or does he want you to?

Whatever proximity he wants. You know, he must make that decision, you know, as to who, you know, that campaign, you know, you have consultants, you have advisors, you have surrogates, you have supporters. I'm a strong supporter and have been so since before he announced, and I will continue supporting because I believe he represents the right side of history for all of America and really for the world.

Well, Reverend Jackson, thank you so much.

turn 0 : A is advocating for social and political change.

Which political movement is PersonA advocating for?

Answer: Change


You bet.

OK. The rope broke in my hands.

The rope broke in my hands. I'm writing that down right now.

That's good to know I could be of some use. Dave LaBounty of "The First Line. "Thanks so much for being with us.

turn 0 : The speaker may be hinting at a hidden agenda. They may be suggesting that the people they are talking to are not being completely honest and may be hiding something. This could be in a business situation, where the speaker suspects that the other party is not giving them all the information they need to make an informed decision. It could also be in a personal or romantic situation, where the speaker is suggesting that the other person is not being completely honest.

Answer: Hidden


I'm not so sure that it was missed, per se. I think it's been there at the forefront of the news for a really long time. I just don't think that we saw the potential that it would impact the election in the way that it did, insofar as it's tied up in these other economic and social struggles that are occurring within the same communities.

And to be clear again, you're not saying that people that have a problem with opioids or drug or alcohol voted for Donald Trump so much as people who live in those communities that have been affected by it statistically in your study voted for Donald Trump.

Well, that's right. And I can't say necessarily who voted for Donald Trump, but we have to remember that addiction and depression and these diseases and deaths of despair go far beyond the individuals themselves who are affected by them. They affect friends and family members and coworkers and first responders and service providers and employers in communities who are dealing with the struggles of these and experience the same sort of frustration and anxiety that are associated or wrapped up within diseases and deaths of despair.

You conclude your study by - I believe the quote is community level well-being played an important role in this election.

turn 1 : The impacts of opioid addiction and other diseases and deaths of despair were not fully appreciated until they were seen to have had a significant effect on the election outcome.

Which disease was not fully appreciated until it was seen to have had a significant effect on the election outcome?

Answer: Opioid


About 300 jobs will be coming back to the Granite City Works plant in Granite City, Ill.  U. S.  Steel made that announcement this past week. That's on top of the 500 new jobs U. S.  Steel announced in March. The company pointed to the Trump administration's controversial tariffs on imported steel as one of the reasons. Dan Simmons is the president of the steelworkers union in Granite City, and he joins us now. Welcome to the program.

Well, thank you.

I want to take you back a little bit to understand the context of what happened in your town. I understand the last few years have been really tough for your members. U. S.  Steel laid off hundreds of workers in 2015. What did that mean for the people there?

It was devastating. When you take their livelihood away, there's nothing out there. And what jobs are there that these guys were able to, you know, pick up, they weren't making nothing what they were making with us. And you watch the - not only these members and their families erode, you see this town erode, the community. It's like a big sucking sound, so to speak.

So what has the community's reaction been to this most recent announcement?

turn 3 : The families, town, and communities lose members and become non existent as a unit.

Which unit becomes non-existent due to the loss of members?

Answer: Community


The regulations and the oversight that was put in place was relatively minimal because this was going to be such a small endeavor. It was going to be a small-scale experiment for 100 schools. Well, guess what?We have 1,300 charter schools today. And we have a law that doesn't actually account for the scale of that.

That's LA Times reporter Anna Phillips. She's been investigating loopholes in California's charter school system. What she discovered is a fragmented and decentralized regulating system. In Los Angeles, Phillips encountered a case in which a wealthy Beverly Hills couple made millions of dollars by simply turning to a different school district whenever their charter schools came under scrutiny.

These charter schools had been set up as nonprofits that were publicly funded. But if you looked right kind of on the outskirts of them, the couple that had started them had essentially created a series of businesses or nonprofits that were doing business with their own schools. So for instance, this couple rented a lot of their own properties they owned. They were their own landlords.

They owned buildings that then they rented to the schools, so they were getting that income.

Exactly. And there were other ways they were getting income. The woman who ran these schools, her husband was hired on as a project manager for about $500,000 to oversee the construction of a new campus. When they wanted to bring in cafeteria meals for their students, they hired one of their own organizations. So this was public money that was coming into these schools, but the couple that ran them was financially benefiting from it.

turn 3 : "They owned buildings that then they rented to the schools, so they were getting that income" - The literal meaning of this sentence is that the couple owned buildings that they leased to their charter schools, generating rental income. However, the implied meaning is that they may have been using their positions of authority to steer public funds towards their own personal gain.

How were the couple financially benefiting from the charter schools?

Answer: rent


Well, so far, they've gotten houses in Jeddah, a city on the Red Sea in Saudi Arabia. They've also gotten monthly stipends, or monthly payments, of about $10,000 to $15,000 per month.

Although it sounds like, from your reporting, that's just the beginning. You report negotiations for possible larger payments. What would they be?

Yeah. So this is - this happens in sort of two stages. These were payments that were approved by the king late last year for the family. But going forward, you know, there are cases; there are prosecutions underway in Saudi Arabia. When those conclude, there would be an opening for discussions for far more money. And that's where you get into the real sort of blood money situation or scenario. Those could be millions and millions of dollars (inaudible). . .

Now, we should just underline that. I mean, we understand, from civil lawsuits in the United States, the idea of punitive damages. Blood money, I guess, is somewhat similar but also different. This is a way to wipe away a killing rather than the family of the victim having to seek revenge. Is that right?

turn 2 : (3) implies that there is a possibility of further financial compensation beyond the previously approved payments, while

What type of damages is blood money similar to?

Answer: Compensation


That's the unmistakable voice of Faith Evans, known as the first lady of hip hop. At 35 years old, she's been through more than most folks will in their entire life. Faith was raised by her grandparents in a house full of children, foster children, and other relatives. By the age of four, she found her first adoring audience in her church.

By 15, she was climbing out of her bedroom window to go learn how to record and mix music. Three years after that, Faith was a college dropout, a songwriter, a single mother, and a survivor of a brutal and abusive relationship. By 24, she was a successful singer and a widow.

Now, Faith Evans is telling all in her memoir, "Keep the Faith," starting with the death of her estranged husband, the rapper Notorious B. I. G.

Basically, my life was changed in a matter of seconds. I mean, I think that's pretty much how I did sum in up in the intro, I mean, before I even described what I was doing and you know, what he was doing.

turn 1 : She was able to rise above her difficult circumstances and become a successful artist despite her hardships.

Answer: Faith.


Yeah. Why?

Dan is an institutionalist. He's actually not even a conservative. If you go look at his voting record, he's one of the more moderate members of our conference. But what he's been pushing is a more open and fair system, where more amendments are allowed, more debate is allowed and the Congress is allowed to work as a legislative body. It hasn't been done like that now for the last 10 years, and it certainly hasn't been like that since Mr.  Boehner was chairman (unintelligible). . .

Well, when you say Congress is allowed to work as a legislative body, you understand the frustration that I think very openly Speaker Boehner and some others experience that everybody was talking, but not a lot of business was getting done, that that was the result of all this give and take. And they think at some point, if you're going to be in government, you've got to govern.

Well, there wasn't any give and take. That was the problem. It was regular practice for us - and this doesn't get widely reported - but on a debt ceiling debate, for example, we would do nothing; we do nothing; we do nothing. And then three days before the debt ceiling limit was reached, Mr.  Boehner would walk into a room and say OK, here's what we're doing.

turn 2 : Speaker Boehner and others are implicating that even though there was a lot of talking, the lack of actual business getting done was a result of the give and take (debates).

Which group thinks that the lack of actual business getting done was a result of give and take in debates?

Answer: Speaker


Oh, let's see. Who would be a good heating guy out there in the elements?I would say Russell Crowe, maybe.

I can see that. I can see that. . .

Yeah, I could see him with the big, frozen beard out there bearing the elements or maybe Mel Gibson. Unfortunately, I don't grow that full of a beard so I don't get that much protection, but, you know, you do what you can.

You've kept a lot of people warm and safe this year. Thank you.

turn 3 : The literal meaning of this turn is that the person being addressed has kept a lot of people warm and safe throughout the year and is being thanked for it. The figurative meaning, however, is that the person being addressed has done something good or helpful for others and is being appreciated for it, but not necessarily in a literal sense of keeping them warm and safe.

Which meaning of the turn is figurative?

Answer: Figurative


Thanks for having me.

John Hinckley's been undergoing treatment for more than 30 years and people who've worked with him say he isn't the same man who shot President Reagan and doesn't pose the same threat he did in1981. Why are you skeptical?

Well, he has had a pattern of being deceptive. Not too long ago, on one of his outings, he told the hospital that he was going to a movie. And the Secret Service agents who were trailing him saw that he was at a library looking at books on my father and also looking at presidential assassins. The diagnosis for him is narcissistic personality disorder, which is incurable. So one of the ideas that's being presented by his doctors and by his attorney, Barry Levine, is that he hasn't done anything violent in the last 30 years. This makes no sense to me whatsoever. You know, that's like saying there's an expiration date on violent tendencies. He's 59. He has time to do something else. He planned that shooting for quite a while before he did it.

But he's been in Saint Elizabeths a long time, longer than maybe if he'd shot someone who wasn't beloved around the world and a household name.

turn 3 : John Hinckley may have been in Saint Elizabeths for a longer time than if he had shot someone less famous.

How long has John Hinckley been in Saint Elizabeths?

Answer: 30


But I have to say, every time that I think, OK, now is the time I'm going to get in, this is a great buying opportunity, as everyone tells me, every time I look at the stock market, it's gone down again, and I think, phew, it's the end of the day. Thank goodness I didn't buy in today. But then the next day, it happens again.

Yeah, I know. It's depressing. Looking at this market, the market is a reflection of worldwide psychology. So clearly, people around the world are depressed right now, and they're not optimistic about the future, which is sad.

But in the long run, the things that will make the most money are not pieces of rock like gold or liquids like oil or cash, which is just pieces of paper, but real growing companies that are servicing strong demographic trends.

It's impossible to call a bottom. Yes, all these stocks that are cheap could get cheaper, but now is certainly one of the best times to buy stocks that we've seen in the past 70 years. I mean, it's incredible, which is why Warren Buffett is out there buying stocks right now.

turn 1 : The state of the stock market reflects the worldwide pessimism and depression

How does the stock market reflect worldwide sentiment?

Answer: pessimism


Yes, they are. They're very much weather aware, because the weather here is sometimes pretty tough, like it is in Kansas and Texas and all the other places. But they're weather aware. So, a little bit different. They're used to what we have. They seem to handle it quite well. They, you know, they all pretty well know their safety precautions. They usually react well. So, a little bit different group of people in Oklahoma than you'll find in some other states.

It certainly does. And, you know, we do our best to train people to get up in the morning, obviously, and find out if there's a risk. And with the advent of all the wireless devices - the phones and such - it's much easier to do.

But despite all the technical innovations there've been over the years, including a few that you've figured in, like the use of Doppler radar, how predictable is a thing like a tornado?

turn 1 :  B states that "Getting up so many mornings of the year not knowing whether or not a tornado might come churning through your street must make a different kind of person." The implied meaning here is that people who live in areas prone to tornadoes must be resilient and adaptable in order to deal with the constant threat of danger. The literal meaning is simply that living in an area prone to tornadoes must create a different type of person.

What type of people must live in areas prone to tornadoes?

Answer: Alert


These Special Forces and SEAL veterans, Navy SEAL veterans - they deployed on a mission to kill the leader of the Aden branch of Al-Islah. And Al-Islah, as I write, is a very important political party in Yemen. It's an Islamist party, but it's not viewed in the wider world as a terrorist group. Nonetheless, the UAE, as we write, hired this company to kill this local political leader, this Islamist leader.

The UAE and Saudi Arabia are leading the war in Yemen against rebels in Yemen, and they have U. S.  support. Now, you suggest in the story that somebody in this group was a member of the active military, don't you?

A reservist - he was a reservist, and he was a SEAL reservist. He was at that level of command, one of the nation's best, most highly trained. And he was still - you know, technically, he had a top-secret clearance, sources told us, even when he was doing this very strange, unique, unprecedented mission, as far as we know.

I guess I'm among those Americans who just assume that that had to be illegal, that U. S.  citizens couldn't do that.

turn 1 : SEAL refers to as and implies an organization and not a closure

Answer: Crowding


That's right. It has a huge box that they call the LiDAR machine which basically can pierce through the jungle's foliage and map whatsoever on the ground underneath.

And this LiDAR machine can penetrate even triple canopy rainforest.

It's absolutely incredible. It strips it out completely. And you can actually see something as small as a meter on a side, sitting on the ground underneath this incredibly dense rainforest.

And this rainforest, it turns out even sites that had been discovered by archeologists before that the LiDAR technique from the air found vastly more than the archeologists ever suspected.

turn 0 : The machine can read images under the jungle foliage.

What do they call the machine that can penetrate the jungle's foliage and map the ground underneath?

Answer: LiDAR


Yeah. It's a slam dunk. Yeah. I think that's kind of universal.

What's Krosno like?

Krosno is great. It's really small. It's about 50,000 people. It's kind of a young town, too - lots of high school students. But they get excited about basketball. So that's good.

I'm going to guess you're pretty well-known in town already.

turn 0 : 1).  In this context, "slam dunk" is not referring to a basketball move, but rather an expression meaning that something is certain or easy. The speaker is using it to convey their confidence in their statement.

How did the speaker use the phrase "slam dunk"?

Answer: Confidence


Well, we make them act like Trojan horses. One of the innate abilities they have is that for some reason they just chase these very difficult-to-reach migratory cancer cells in human brain. And because of this innate ability, we can then load them with these, you know, Greek soldiers, as you said in the introduction, in this case as a way of killing brain cancer cells, and they reach, they get these cancer cells. And in our experimental studies, at least in an in-vitro study, they seem to have a very good efficacy.

Is this in mice?Are you doing this in mice?

Well, we - the paper that we publish right now is all in-vitro, and it was a proof of principle that we can get these cells from human fat. And the series of experiments that we're doing in the laboratory right now are precisely in rodents, in mice.

Mm-hmm. And they're able to cross that blood-brain barrier and go into the brain?

turn 0 : Not actually trojan horses or Greek soldiers, just cells that enter the body with a different purpose than what they originally have

Answer: Migratory


So instead, we inquired more. Where did you hear this?Where did you see this?Can you show me that?And when they showed us, I - the first thing we tried to do was say, I get why this seems funny on the surface, and I totally get why it's confusing. And they were also younger at the time, so they were probably a little more open than a kid would be at 16 or 17.

Well, you anticipate one of my questions as you talk about as youngsters age. I mean, don't teens manage to find a way to evade the best parental advice in any case?

Oh, yeah, for sure. I mean, what I hoped that we were able to build with our kids from when they were young is a foundation where they believe that when we say something is not great, maybe they disobey, but deep inside there's a little voice that's going to say to them, you know, I should question this. I should question why this seems so, you know, funny and, yet, I feel like I have to keep it a secret. But, you know, we have had parental filters on our computers and on our media. As the kids got older, we realized pretty much every kid can evade any filter.

What about the girls in your sons' classes?

turn 3 : The question is asking if the girls in the sons' classes can evade any filters.

How are the girls in the sons' classes able to evade parental filters?

Answer: unknown


Well, we knew something was going to happen. We were preparing for it, but you didn't know where. And we were all set to jump on the - would be the take-off on the flight - night of the 4th, so D-Day would have been the 5th. But it was pouring rain, so it was held off for 24 hours. But we all were laying on these cots. And the cots were right next to each other. You're talking about 500 cots in this big hangar, so it was a pretty rank place after a while.

Smelled pretty bad?

It smelled mannish, yeah.

Mannish. . .

turn 0 : Preparing for something anticipated, but uncertain of where and when it would happen.

Which day was D-Day supposed to happen according to PersonA's plan?

Answer: 5th


Well, first, it's going to sell a majority stake in its most prized asset, its investment-management division. The bank will also slash its stock dividends and sell off much of its mortgage business. You know, this announcement was triggered yesterday by the collapse of a possible deal with the Korea Development Bank that would have given Lehman some much needed capital. But Lehman's been struggling for awhile. Like Bear Stearns, it's been caught with a lot of bad mortgage debt and investors who've been frustrated that Lehman can't come up with the money to cover that debt. They've driven the bank's stock price down 80 percent this year.

So, this is a big concern on Wall Street and a big concern in the banking industry. What about consumers, should they be concerned as well?

Well, consumers will be feeling the bank's pain, most likely in the form of higher interest rates for credit cards and car loans and mortgages. I talked to Jane D'Arista at the Financial Market Center, and she pointed out that last weekend, when the government announced that it would back up Fannie and Freddie's debts, mortgage rates dropped almost right away.

Ms.  JANE D'ARISTA (Director of Programs, Financial Market Center): We had that lively little bounce there in the mortgage market where the rates went down, and everybody is very hopeful that this will restart the process of making mortgages, therefore getting rid of inventory and therefore protecting the prices of the housing market. But Lehman may take that away.

turn 2 : The government's backing of Fannie and Freddie's debts lowered mortgage rates, but Lehman's struggles may reverse this progress.

How might Lehman's struggles affect mortgage rates?

Answer: Mortgage


That's still not always easy, but that's a message that can succeed. If, however, you have a muddled message, if it seems like you're planning on having some retrenchment of a program for no good reason, you're not articulating a good and compelling reason to do it. That tends to be much, much worse.

There is a paradox. The Affordable Care Act has become popular, as we mentioned, but in the same polls when you ask people about Obamacare, they say that they don't like it. Now that Obama is out of office, are people paying more attention to the actual policy and its effect on their lives?

Well, what I'd say is that earlier on, I pointed out to the fact that if you look at surveys, you find that people say that the federal government should insure universal coverage. Now, of course, there are lots of ways to go about doing that. As for Obamacare in particular, it certainly has created some constituencies. But are there ways to change the law that would be broadly popular?I think the answer is yes.

But to do that, you'd really need to have a coherent, unified critique of Obamacare. And that's the big problem for Republicans because if you're looking at Republican objections to Obamacare, they've come from pretty much every direction. People have criticized it for all kinds of reasons that are oftentimes somewhat contradictory. And that means that you don't have a kind of common narrative about, what's the problem here that we're trying to solve?

turn 1 : "Obamacare" The actual meaning of this turn is not different from its literal meaning. It refers to the Affordable Care Act, which was signed into law by President Barack Obama in 2010.

How is the Affordable Care Act commonly referred to?

Answer: Affordable


As someone who has worked for so many years to promote human rights in Afghanistan, do you feel this in your gut?Are you optimistic that this peace can hold?

I yet do not trust the promises the Taliban make. I'm worried about my little girls, two of them, and their future. But also, I'm optimist about the fact that Afghanistan is a different country.

You think Afghanistan is a place where your two daughters can have a happy, successful life.

As a nation who have suffered for a large number of years, our country and our people deserve peace and stability and to move on. However, this is the time that we make a commitment that we would fight for the rights of our people, including the right of my two little girls. And that's why my focus is to make sure that the peace process is not rushed; we take enough time to develop the details of a peace agreement that ensures and guarantees the freedom that I want for my daughters.

turn 3 : The speaker's emotions and thoughts are being explored in order to gauge their optimism and trust in the peace process.

How is the PersonA's attitude towards the promises made by the Taliban?

Answer: Distrust


Most Americans agree Congress should do something to try to end gun violence. There is wide support for a range of ideas, including keeping tabs on or limiting who can get a gun and making it easier for police and family members to temporarily take guns away from people who may hurt themselves or others - what's known as red flag laws. There's more division on other proposals. We all - we know all of this because of a new NPR/PBS NewsHour/Marist poll.

NPR senior political editor and correspondent Domenico Montanaro has dug into the numbers. He joins us now. Hey, Domenico.

Hey, Ailsa.

OK. So I want to start where there is some agreement. Let's just start positive for now. What does this poll tell us?

turn 0 : There is a problem with gun violence in America.

Which type of laws are mentioned in the dialogue that allow police and family members to temporarily take guns away from people who may hurt themselves or others?

Answer: Red-flag