The Census Bureau has been examining that very vigorously. What tends to be a common result is if you use data from retail, you tend to under enumerate those who aren't connected economically. That tends to be poorer people, transient people, children - precisely those that are hard to enumerate in general.

So the world of the future I think we all think is some complicated blend of these organic digital sources with traditional methods. You can't use one or the other. We need to use both. And some of the innovation proposed for the 2020 census actually involves trying to use those data wisely when we can.

Robert Groves - he oversaw the 2010 census and is currently the provost of Georgetown University. Thanks so much for being with us, sir.

It was wonderful talking to you, Scott.

turn 2 :  (3) is a polite way of thanking Robert Groves for joining the show

Which turn includes a mention of the 2020 census?

Answer: None


And it's not just exhaustion, Ambassador. It's a belief on all sides that they cannot win on the battlefield.

Yeah. And I think that is beginning to dawn on people. There is this view that somehow if the U. S.  launches air strikes on behalf of the rebels that this could somehow turn the tide. But I think if you're in the military and the Pentagon, you start looking at what exactly your target sets are going to be. You're going to see this as a pretty complex problem and then maybe air strikes are not going to solve it.

There's also the idea of a no-fly zone because the Assad forces have used air strikes on others. And there is no question that could have some impact on the ground, but none of these things are a sure bet. And the only sure bet is that they would - the first step in any of these things is an act of war, whether we like it or not.

And imposing a no-fly zone is an act of war. You mentioned some people who ought to be involved in this conversation. You did not mention a player with a major stake in Syria, and that's Iran.

turn 1 : The person thinks that the fact they can not win is beginning to be believed by people.

How is the belief on all sides described in the dialogue?

Answer: 1


Yeah. Despite the ongoing uproar and concern created by the firing of James Comey, you have a lot of bipartisan support for Christopher Wray. He said a lot of the right things this week when it came to what what senators wanted to hear, what they were asking about. He said he would be independent if he ran the FBI. He said he would not pull any punches.

And he was asked several times, what would you do if the president asked you to do something illegal or unethical?He said, first, I would try to change his mind, and if he didn't do that, I would quit. So Democrats seem to hear what they wanted to hear. And there could be a vote on his nomination in the next couple of weeks.

Republicans released a revised health care bill - as popular as the first one was?

Just about, it seems, with the public. But I think where it matters more is, is it more popular within the Republican caucus?And it seems to be a tad more popular right now. But this bill is still right on a danger zone in terms of whether or not it can pass. You have two senators in the Republican caucus saying they're not going to vote for it. They can't lose any other Republican support and still get this bill passed.

turn 3 : (4) This bill is still right on a danger zone in terms of whether or not it can pass - Implied meaning: The bill is in a precarious situation and could fail if any more Republican senators vote against it.

How is the health care bill's situation described?

Answer: Precarious


. . . which has its own problems. Arranged marriages are - people are speaking up for them nowadays.

Well, you know, I mean, that that is the time. The woman - he asked the hand of this woman, his late 20s. But this is also because of that, that you can have this kind of melodrama. I mean, "Romeo and Juliet" today, it cannot happen because if the father of Juliet today say to Juliet, you cannot marry Romeo; and she say, I don't care. And she will go out and marry him anyway. And if she marries him, then there is no more love story anymore. You know, they marry; then they had a - lots of children.

You know, imagine Romeo and Juliet and they have like, 12 kids. Who would care about their story, you know?

Romeo and Juliet go to Costco. . .

turn 1 : "But this is also because of that, that you can have this kind of melodrama." The literal meaning of this turn is difficult to determine because it is not grammatically correct. However, the actual meaning seems to be that the societal norms and traditions of the past allowed for dramatic love stories like Romeo and Juliet to occur, but modern society would not allow for such a story to unfold in the same way.

Which societal norms allowed for dramatic love stories like Romeo and Juliet to occur?

Answer: Societal


What did it sound like?

(Imitating plane noise) A lot of, you know, you got hundreds of planes, one right after the other. It was very moving and exciting. You know, you wonder what's going to happen. And 'course, then we fly over the channel. You can look out the window and see the silhouettes of the ships. We know it's going to happen now.

That is Les Cruise. He's 95 years old, and he's one of the last surviving veterans of that D-Day mission. These days, he lives outside of Philadelphia. I went to visit him earlier this week.

I'm Noel. It's nice to meet you.

turn 1 : The speaker is not actually hearing the sound of planes, but is describing a past experience.

What was the PersonA's experience with planes?

Answer: exciting


In the U. S. , the Federal Reserve decided on Wednesday to wind down its quantitative easing, and keep short-term interest rates near zero. If that last sentence made your head spin, don't worry - there's a computer game for that. Actually, a whole slew of them.

They're games created by central banks, from the ECB in Frankfurt to the Cleveland Federal Reserve. And, as you might tell from that theme music, they are not quite "Grand Theft Auto. "Jason Karaian reviewed a few of these games for the online business news outlet Quartz. He joins us from the BBC in London. Mr.  Karaian, thanks so much for being with us.

Thanks for having me.

We heard the theme music to a game I believe is called "Economia. "

turn 1 : They're games created by central banks, from the ECB in Frankfurt to the Cleveland Federal Reserve. And, as you might tell from that theme music, they are not quite 'Grand Theft Auto.'" The literal meaning states that the games mentioned are not similar to the popular video game "Grand Theft Auto." The implied meaning is that the central bank-created games are not action-packed or focused on violence like "Grand Theft Auto." Instead, they serve a different purpose and have a different gameplay experience.

How are the central bank-created games different from "Grand Theft Auto"?

Answer: Purpose


So you were ready to stand up for yourself?

Oh, absolutely, 100 percent.

Do you ever talk to the students that you went to college with recently, students who were maybe sometimes 60 years younger than you, about what you have lived and what you have gone through?Do you ever tell them these kinds of stories?

In some of my classes, some of the fellows would ask me about the segregated South. I would reveal to them, like in one instance, we had a history major and he was just tickled to death to learn this stuff firsthand from somebody who had actually been through it. Example, I used to tell him that at Norfolk Navy Yard, the drinking fountains and lavatories were all segregated - black, colored water and colored bathrooms, white bathrooms. And the white water always broke down and they drank the colored water.

turn 3 : "the white water always broke down and they drank the colored water." - The actual meaning could be, "The facilities for white people were given better maintenance and resources, while the facilities for people of color were neglected and substandard." It may not necessarily mean that the actual water was colored or that people drank water of different colors.

Which facilities were neglected and substandard?

Answer: Facilities


Mm-hmm. Some of the stories seem to have sort of a moral to them, like the one - mysterious one I'm going to call the rectum in a jar.

Yeah, this is the case of the rectum of the Bishop of Durham. If you go to London and you visit the Hunterian Museum, it's a wonderful, wonderful - one - in fact, one of the world's few remaining big medical museums. It's part of The Royal College of Surgeons of England. If you go and visit it, on display on the main floor inside a jar is something they call object RCSHC/P192. The label identifies it as being the preserved rectum of the Bishop of Durham, and we're talking about Thomas Thurlow, who was born in 1737, died in 1791. Would you like to hear the story of why it's in a jar in London on display?

With that kind of teaser, how could I not?

OK. The - that particular Bishop of Durham was a rich and powerful man. And he came down with some ailments and called in one of the celebrated doctors of the day, John Hunter, a man who, years later, went on to found this museum. Dr.  Hunter examined him and told him he had an incurable disease and that it was bad news. The bishop did not want to accept this news, so he was very insulting to this doctor and instead went and insult - and consulted a cattle doctor who gave him some kind of nostrum.

turn 0 : The story titled 'rectum in a jar' has a moral to it

What kind of museum is the Hunterian Museum?

Answer: Medical


What is your guideline?When do you tell an officer he or she has to start recording?

NOPD policy requires them to record the entire encounter until any police action has ceased. So what we're finding out though sometimes the cameras aren't on. Sometimes they aren't wearing the cameras. And those are clear violations, but then there were also supervisors telling officers things like turn it off during, you know, sensitive matters, but not defining what a sensitive matter could be.

We're also hearing complaints that only parts of interactions are being recorded. That's one of the things we're hearing now. So the misconduct is occurring off-camera, but then they're recording, you know, perfectly professional encounters on camera. So that's one of the things we're also hearing now. And. . .

That's a big complaint and, of course, you wouldn't have any - ironically or incongruously - you wouldn't have a video record of that misconduct, but you would have a video record of them doing it right.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be expressing their dissatisfaction or disappointment in a subtle or indirect way, rather than stating it directly.

Which turn implies that the speaker might not directly express their dissatisfaction or disappointment?

Answer: Subtle


Well, at a Vatican briefing last Tuesday, the spokesman Father Frederico Lombardi used the Armenian term Medz Yeghern, which means the Great Evil. And he bristled when he was asked why he didn't say genocide. So when the prepared text of the Pope's speech last night used only the Armenian term, most of us thought that was a possible diplomatic overture toward Turkey.

In his actual delivery, the Pope added the word genocide. He said that genocide made possible by the twisted racial ideological or religious aims that darken the minds of the tormentors, even to the point of planning the annihilation of entire peoples. "That drew a standing ovation from the president of Armenia and the diplomatic corps.

The pope visited the genocide memorial today. What did he say there?

Well, it was a a very powerful scene. Francis stood with his head bowed in prayer next to the Armenian apostolate patriarch and a group of black hooded Orthodox bishops while musicians performed a mournful melody on an ancient Armenian flute that's called the duduk. Here's what it sounds like.

turn 1 : (2) The Pope's use of the word "genocide" was seen as a possible diplomatic overture towards Turkey - it was a subtle way of showing support for Armenia without directly confronting Turkey.

How was the Pope's use of the word "genocide" perceived?

Answer: Genocide


Yeah, absolutely. They'll see Dragon doing a loop around the space station. It's a pretty wide loop, so Dragon will still look pretty small from the space station when it's doing that wide loop around the space station. But I mean, just to visualize things, it's like literally imagine you doing a loop around a bullet that's going 12 times faster than something that came out of an assault rifle.

Yeah.

So it's a dodgy affair.

I know. You know, when - and they first tried this in the '60s.

turn 2 : The loop around the space station is a dangerous maneuver

Answer: Loop.


To be honest, I don't trust Obama not a bit.

Why?

Because he keeps saying things which doesn't exist. And we were, as Arab countries, hoping when he was new elected that maybe he is a bit better than the former Bush. But it seems to be that every president come to the United States is not carrying on anything except what's help Israel, which it's their little tribe to be care.

What do you think a U. S.  military strike might do on the ground?And I know you can't necessarily know where any bombs would fall, but how do you think that'll affect your life?

Which Arab countries were hoping that Obama would be better than former President Bush?

Answer: Arab


There's been a lot of death on this mountain over the past couple of years. 2012, six climbers died one day on the summit. In 2013, there was that brawl between some Sherpas and some European climbers. Sixteen people died last year on Everest, and there was the April earthquake. Why would someone want to climb Everest now?

You know, it baffles me, but, you know, this mountain has an inescapable pull for a lot of people. It's been more than four years now since there's been, you know, what would pass for a quiet season on Mount Everest. And each year that I thought that there might be a normal season, it got unimaginably worse, which is just difficult to fathom.

You know, I think that some teams are thinking about going to the North side. Some people are actually, you know, canceling their trips, and people are thinking about other mountains. But for a lot of people, you know, Everest is - it's a mythical kind of place. And for a lot of people, I think it's a lifelong dream that nothing is going to stand between them and the summit.

Grayson Schaffer, Outside Magazine senior editor, speaking with us from Santa Fe. Thanks so much for being with us.

turn 2 : (3) Here, the speaker says "Everest is - it's a mythical kind of place" which means that Everest has a legendary and symbolic significance in people's minds and imaginations. The literal meaning would be that Everest is a place of myth or fiction, which is not true

How would you describe the significance of Everest for some people?

Answer: Mythical


Oh, well, you'll be surprised, Neal. Actually, Minnesota has more solar potential than anywhere in the eastern part of the U. S. , except for Florida. We have nice, clear winters and good, sunny summers. Germany, farther north than we are, has much more solar than about anywhere in the United States. So actually, we're pretty well-positioned for solar. You'll be surprised how much of the U. S.  could do well in solar. We also have a lot of wind potential here in Minnesota, especially in the western area. But it's more about, how do we get that electricity to the cities like Minneapolis or Chicago?

And, of course, we have bioenergy here, too, and the debates about things like corn ethanol. That's another big contentious issue here in the Midwest. And one where, again, middle grounds might have to be found between groups that are in very different poles on that issue.

And what do you think is the most promising - again, the symbolic areas, those are always going to be difficult. But are there other conversations that could be had that, as you say, skirt the ideology?

Well, it's very interesting. Regardless of, you know, how you think of him politically, the Obama administration has actually done more, may be by accident - or may be on purpose - to think about, to take on climate change than all previous administrations, really, combined. Our CO2 emissions in the United States have gone down pretty dramatically in the last few years, partly because of the recession, of course, but partly because people are retooling and getting more efficient.

turn 0 : Minnesota has good solar potential despite being in the northern part of the US

Which state has more solar potential than anywhere in the eastern part of the U.S. except for Florida?

Answer: Minnesota


What do we know about the synagogue and the surrounding community of Squirrel Hill?

Well, the Saturday service at this synagogue usually starts at about 9:45 a. m. It's a conservative congregation. According to the synagogue's website, Rabbi Jeffrey Myers leads at Saturday's service on most weekends. He's written about gun control before. In July, he posted an essay to the congregation's website, to the synagogue's website, where he said, despite continuous calls for sensible gun control, our elected leaders in Washington knew that it would fade away in time. He says that he was afraid that the status quo on gun control would remain unchanged and shootings would continue. He also lamented that he felt he had to include in his daily morning prayers that God should watch over his wife and daughter and teachers to keep them safe.

President Trump has weighed in on events, hasn't he?

He has. President Trump tweeted this morning that he is watching the events unfold in Pittsburgh, and he warned people to stay away from the area. And he said it looked like there would be multiple fatalities.

turn 1 : The Rabbi is afraid of gun violence and shootings.

Answer: Gun


Companies and corporations are in business to make money for themselves, their workers, their stockholders. But can they make too much?Ralph Nader thinks Apple hit that limit earlier this month when it became the first trillion-dollar publicly traded company in the United States. Mr.  Nader wrote a blistering blog post about what Apple is and isn't doing with that money. He joins us now from Connecticut. Mr.  Nader, thanks for being back with us.

You're welcome, Scott.

What's wrong with Apple sitting on all that money?

Well, they just announced earlier this year - a $100 billion stock buyback adding to previous stock buyback without asking the shareholders, institutional and individual, their opinion or even their approval. So the point I was making is it could've been used to increase employees. It could've been used to shore up the pension fund. It could've been used - 2 percent of it, Scott, to double the income of the serf laborers - 1. 3 million Chinese laborers in the contractor that builds the iPhones. It could have had 2 percent of 100 billion to improve the recycling of used computers and phones, which are endangering both the environment and the workers. It could've been put in productive investment. It could've been put in research and development. It could've been sent to cash dividends back to the shareholder, but no.

turn 3 : Apple could have used their money for various productive purposes

What were some of the things that Apple could have used their money for?

Answer: PURPOSES


Well, this case is about responsibility. And one of the examples that's been seen a lot lately was one of the ones that shook me to the core when I first saw it. It was an advertisement. And the tagline on the advertisement was, consider your man card reissued. What kind of society allows manhood to be defined in this way?

I'm struck by something that the family's lawyer told the court. He said Remington may never have known the shooter. But they had been courting him for years.

I think that's accurate. If you are selling a product and promising dominance, masculine success and a sense of outmatching your opponents in a very physical and, in fact, lethal way - I mean, who do you think that kind of advertising is going to connect with the most?

As you know, gun-makers do have broad immunity - broad protection under federal law that was passed in 2005. It's protected them from lawsuits before. Are you worried that this decision in Connecticut could be overturned by the U. S.  Supreme Court?

turn 2 : Advertising that promises dominance and masculinity appeals to certain people

What kind of promises does the advertising make that appeals to certain people?

Answer: Masculinity


No. No.

. . . So many times. Yeah, because they didn't think I was part of the family. Now - I mean, I'm a 30-year-old woman now. . . .

Yeah.

. . . My identity is very clear to me. And I don't have to make it clear to anyone else because I don't think that's important, what anyone else thinks about me or what box they want to put me in. But I will say, for myself, making this record definitely was just a declaration of who I find myself being.

turn 3 : She is not being put in a box. She means the roles people apply to her and her life.

Answer: declaration


Now, in New York state alone, that's 98 delegates at stake tomorrow for whoever wins by just one vote. That's a big pass to the delegates to get all in one place. And in some other states, if you win in every congressional district, you can take home the lion's share of the delegates from that state.

So, because the Republican rules do wait the winner more heavily and give extra bonus delegates for just winning, whether you win by one vote or whether you win over 50 percent in some cases, that's a big opportunity for John McCain as the national frontrunner to run up a big delegate total tomorrow and really put this out of reach.

All right. Finally, Mike Huckabee. He has a strong following among social conservatives at this point. He's kind of considered and also ran. Is that really accurate?What influence does he have in the race either, you know, in terms of winning or in terms of endorsing?

Well, first, his dream, of course tomorrow, would be to win big in several states in the south, maybe break through in Georgia, Alabama, his own state of Arkansas, Oklahoma possibly. He's competitive in West Virginia, where having conventions, maybe even Tennessee. If he could do that, he could stay in the race as a kind of regional candidate and power broker. Otherwise, the main thing he's doing is he's probably taking votes away from Mitt Romney, which is why Mitt Romney keeps trying to say, shoo, to Mike Huckabee in the game, out of the race if he possibly can.

turn 2 : In turn (3), the speaker asks about Mike Huckabee's influence in the race, both in terms of winning and endorsing. The literal meaning of the turn is a straightforward question. However, the implied meaning is that Mike Huckabee's influence in the race may extend beyond winning or endorsing, as he could potentially serve as a regional candidate and power broker if he performs well in certain states. This suggests that Huckabee's role in the race may be more complex and multifaceted than what the question implies.

How could Mike Huckabee potentially serve as a what if he performs well in certain states?

Answer: Power


President Trump hired a personal attorney this week, presumably to give him advice about the Russian investigation. Are others in the White House lawyering up?

A lot of people. In fact, two sources told me this week Don McGahn is going to need a lawyer himself. He's likely to be a witness in whatever investigation there is moving forward in Russia. Even if these folks have no legal jeopardy, it's really expensive and distracting for them to need legal advice. This happened under President Bill Clinton and President Ronald Reagan. It's likely to drag on for a long time.

Don McGahn, to be sure, has defenders in Washington, D. C. , who are very impressed by him. Aren't they?

Yeah. You know, there's been a lot of praise in some circles for the people he's hired to work in the White House, the young lawyers working underneath him - seven former Supreme Court clerks, graduates from Ivy League law schools at the top of their game. And then there's this. It's hard to tell from outside the Oval Office whether Don McGahn is giving President Donald Trump all the right legal advice and President Donald Trump is just ignoring him.

turn 3 : The implied meaning of this turn is that other members of the White House may seek legal counsel in light of President Trump's actions.

Which member of the White House may need legal advice according to turn 1?

Answer: Don-McGahn


Studios can hold out. They're in bad shape. I mean, they're going to be hurt by this environment economically. But that doesn't mean they can't survive for quite a long time with a strike underway. And that means that people would - I mean, it would just be so devastating; people would lose their jobs. And that wouldn't just be the actors; it would be people who support productions. The actors, unlike the writers, they can close down a movie very quickly. So, it would be an immediate and potentially a long-term and the devastating impact not only for the economy here, but for the Screen Actors Guild if it turned out to backfire.

So, Kim, what happens from here?What's the next steps?

At some point, they can declare an impasse, and the Screen Actors Guild will go to its members and ask for a strike authorization. That requires 75-percent approval of those voting. There certainly are some very high-profile actors - George Clooney, Tom Hanks - who are very opposed to this and who probably would go out there and try to persuade people to vote and vote it down. But with 75-percent approval of those voting, not of the membership, of those voting, that would mean they would have strike authorization and they could initiate a strike.

And if there is a strike, what would that mean for viewers?Does that mean even more hours of reality TV?

turn 0 : If there is a strike, it would have an immediate and potentially a long-term devastating impact on the economy and for the Screen Actors Guild.

How would a strike impact the economy and the Screen Actors Guild?

Answer: Devastating


So explain to me how this system actually works.

Well, the first thing is to know what the weather is so you can know what the weather will be. That's the crux of it. So you need as complete observations of the global atmosphere as possible, which means coming from satellites and weather buoys and from sensors and airliners. And then once you know what it is, what you can do is then begin to run it forward in time.

But rather than just, you know, sort of being plugged into the supercomputers - you know, in comes the present, and out comes the future - the models are really a kind of ongoing concern. Every six hours, every 12 hours, they compare their own forecast with the latest observations. And so the models in reality are kind of - you know, they're sort of dancing together, where the model makes a forecast, and it's corrected slightly by the observations that are coming in.

And does anyone own these models and these satellites?I mean, is it part of a global web?Or does America have a certain piece of this and every country sort of have their own proprietary information that somehow gets passed along?

turn 1 : It does not run but the data is joined with different days of the week, month, and year.

What is joined with different days of the week, month, and year?

Answer: Data


And that would work quite well.

Her instructions are easy. Mush up your beans, mixing in lemon, oil, salt and cumin. Then add the garnish. Through the magic of radio, we'll fast-forward to the important part.

Now you can taste and see if the seasoning is right.

Taste and see. Wow, it's flavorful.

turn 2 : It is important to taste the food to ensure proper seasoning

What is the reason for tasting the food?

Answer: Seasoning


It was the claim that Clinton had been personally responsible for people's deaths that set off alarm bells for Russell. So he decided to do some fact-checking.

I came to the realization pretty quickly that someone may have been probably lying to me on social media.

It turned out there were many false stories circulating that year. But Russell was skeptical of claims that Russia had anything to do with them until lists of Russian troll accounts began to appear online. He was shocked.

My god, they're right. They're exactly right. What they've been telling me about this is literally happening. I can go look this stuff up. It's right there.

turn 0 : Russell was alarmed by the false claim that Clinton was responsible for deaths

Which claim set off Russell's alarm bells?

Answer: Claim


Oh, no. As a matter of fact, I was delighted that I had had the opportunity to contribute to it. I had the option to volunteer for the program. I opted not to because I was very much involved in research that needed to be done. So I was - I turned down the opportunity because I felt that what we were doing was valuable for the future of our space program. As a matter of fact, the small 5-foot diameter parachute that we used to stabilize my freefall is still being used today in every ejection seat in the world. So what we did some 50 year - 55 years ago is still being used today.

What do you think about space exploration now?It struck me watching this that it's lost its human component, in a way. We send these unmanned missions into deep space, but we haven't really pushed human boundaries, I think, for quite some time.

I personally think that we should go back to the moon as soon as we can because there's a lot of lessons we need to learn before we can go to Mars, which should be the next great human adventure.

May I ask you a question?As you were standing on the precipice, you said a prayer. What was that prayer?What were you praying for?

turn 3 : The literal meaning of "precipice" is a very steep cliff or slope, but in this context it is used metaphorically to refer to the moment before the takeoff, when the speaker was standing on the edge of a new and daring adventure.

How was "precipice" used in the context of the dialogue?

Answer: Metaphorically


Not necessarily. Sinkholes can happen for many different reasons at different times. However, we do tend to see sinkholes occur more often during high precipitation events, so during a wet season, for instance. The - if you have a void underground and in the soil it tends to work its way toward the surface. And so then you have - and we don't necessarily see any kind of subsidence on the surface if it's a nice, tight, clay soil.

But when you add a lot of water to it, you're adding - you know, water weighs a lot. So you're adding that weight to that soil bridge, basically, over that void. And once you get to a certain amount of weight, it'll collapse. The other situation is during droughts. Water tables will drop, so that'll give you a little bit more instability for what's on the surface, but also clay holds water very well.

And during a drought, you might dry up the water that's in that clay. And clay, you know, that water is basically like a glue. It's adhesive. And if you lose that adhesion, you also can get sinkholes.

Is there a way to detect if you have a sinkhole under your property someplace?

turn 1 : The area underground where water is first found will lower in terms of the amount of water.

What will happen to the water table if there is a void underground?

Answer: b


And I took it a few steps further and then did research and found that it wasn't that uncommon for people who were related to, you know, Russian immigrants or children of Muslims or practicing Muslims to experience racism in high school afterwards. It tends to be that people are looking for someone to blame.

Let me ask about Rez's relationship with Fatima - sort of begins as a crush. He tutors her in chemistry. And then the chemistry takes over, if you catch my (laughter) - my drift. They're equally brilliant, too. What are they seeing each other?

I think Rez is at the point where he's realize that the American idea of himself is not going to pan out. And he looks to Fatima, and he sees her. And she has never had an American idea of herself. She's had an idea of herself as belonging to her family and belonging to sort of a Middle Eastern subculture in Southern California and staying within the clan.

And he looks to her and sees the ways in which this brings her strength. She doesn't try to have American friends or be an American teenage girl. And this makes her endlessly fascinating to him.

turn 3 :  (4) implies that Rez is drawn to the strength that comes from Fatima's cultural identity and her refusal to conform to American teenage norms.

Answer: Fatima


Well, certainly in some cases in expensive cities still need some help but much less help. On a minimum wage of $12 an hour, a couple - two full-time minimum wage workers - would earn $50,000 a year. That certainly doesn't make you affluent, it doesn't make you rich, but you can get by reasonably well on $50,000 a year.

And you don't think jobs will leave the state?

Some jobs, but probably a lot fewer than most people think. There have actually been a lot of recent studies in the last five or 10 years that have turned around the economic sentiment on this issue. In most cases, in nearly all cases, the jobs we're talking about for these workers are in the low-wage service sector. They're non-tradable. They're not subject to foreign competition. They can't be outsourced. Those jobs are exactly the sort of jobs where the employers would simply pass along the extra costs to the consumer. They'd raise prices and keep their workers at a much higher paycheck. Furthermore, the price rises we're talking about are very much smaller than most people would realize. Wal-Mart is America's largest low-wage employer. Three hundred thousand Wal-Mart workers average about $9 an hour. All Wal-Mart would have to do to cover a $12 minimum wage is raise their prices by 1. 1 percent one time. The average Wal-Mart shopper would pay only an extra $12. 50 per year. People wouldn't even notice the price hike.

Well, if the goal is to lift low-wage workers above the poverty level, is $12 an hour really enough?

turn 3 : (4) Implied meaning: Is a minimum wage of $12 an hour sufficient to raise low-wage earners out of poverty?

What is the minimum wage proposed to uplift low-wage earners out of poverty?

Answer: $12


I'm delighted.

The two countries have narrowed their differences and that presumably includes Crimea, Ukraine, Syria. How does narrowing their differences sound to you?

It sounds hopeful but far from definitive. We have a long way to go to resolve our disagreements on either one of these two issues. But at least it is movement in the right direction. And it has in it the potential for being quite constructive in its consequences.

Does it involve any change in Russian behavior or policy?

turn 3 : Implies that A is being asked if the progress made involves any change in Russian behavior or policy.

How is PersonA being questioned about the progress made involving any change in Russian behavior or policy?

Answer: Russian


Wouldn't you like to know?

I would.

They are being very, very discreet, and they're not telling anybody anything. And I think the usual conclusion from that is that they're not doing things with it that we would be pleased about. One of the things that they appear to have done with it is pay out $1. 6 billion in bonuses and other benefits to executives, which obviously is not something that would have gone over very well. From the banks' perspective, obviously, they will say, hey, wait a minute. We don't put the taxpayer money in a particular bucket and then use that to make certain things. It just all goes into a big cash bucket, and obviously, we have to pay our people. But no, we're not going to give you details on that or anything else even though it's your money.

But they are supposed to use it, or at least the intent of the legislation was for them to use it, to loosen the credit squeeze, to ease up credit and to lend to one another.

turn 3 : to loosen the credit squeeze means that credit is very harsh and it needs to be less harsh in this context

How does PersonB describe the intent of the legislation?

Answer: intent


Yeah.

I'm also told by White House officials the Secret Service director was not connected to security questions at Mar-a-Lago. It was in the works before the latest security breach there - Chinese woman with a lot of passports and hard drives.

Right.

turn 3 : "But - so this is not necessarily directly connected to immigration unlike Nielsen's resignation, which was immigration-related." Implication: The reason for the departure of the Secret Service director is not related to immigration issues, unlike the resignation of Nielsen, which was due to immigration-related matters.

What was the reason for Nielsen's resignation?

Answer: Immigration-related


My father had, you know, good collections of music from Marvin Gaye, Philip Coutre(ph) to Bob Marley. He had it all. And he was a cameraman, and he used the music to do something special with the pictures. You know, while he's playing I would sneak around and just listen. So I think music started for me then.

Were you ever in a situation, Asa, where you were torn between - because you mention your dad had Motown and Marvin Gaye, torn between the American urban music and the more traditional music of Nigeria and in Africa.

That was in, you know. It was between American, the West, you know, influence and then the church music and the street music, traditional music from Nigeria.

Now, let me make sure I heard you clearly. Did you say that it was a sin or that's what was in?

turn 1 : Was the person ever in a situation where he had to make a hard choice between American and Nigerian music.

Which two music genres was Asa torn between?

Answer: American,Nigerian


Oh, it was wonderful. My father used to play the accordion and my brothers used to sing as well. So growing up with them, I learned a lot. It was not difficult for me to become a musician. I just have to create my own identity - that was the hard part.

(Singing in foreign language)

Some people call your sound Congo Rumba. What does that phrase mean to you and what kind of flavors do you try to put into your music?

Rumba is an old form of music that requires two people to come together and dance. It originated way back in our traditional music. Of course, the name sounds familiar because of Kuba. We know Kuba is a very strong African tradition so they played that kind of music as well. So, when it came back to us in Africa, especially in Congo, it was welcomed back home. So, it's a very old type of music, and it's about love. It's about (unintelligible). So, I like to sing for lovers. I like to sing for peace. I like to sing for people who can dance to people.

(Singing in foreign language)

You're donating percentage of the sales from the CD to the Dikembe Mutombo Foundation, and we spoke with Dikembe last year on the show. He's — just remind folks from the Democratic Republic of Congo a place for the NBA. How did you connect with his foundation?

turn 2 : "You're donating percentage of the sales from the CD to the Dikembe Mutombo Foundation...How did you connect with his foundation?" (Literal meaning: The speaker is asking how the interviewee made a connection with the Dikembe Mutombo Foundation.)

What foundation is the interviewee donating a percentage of the sales from their CD to?

Answer: Dikembe


In terms of the natural ecosystems, rapid changes coming, suddenly roads are getting built. People having the first time in nearly 22 years of warfare that they're able to get up and still moving around and finding markets and exploiting resources. Animals are resourced. They will be facing severe problems if poaching becomes more common that it already is, which is somewhat routine, and these things could be wiped out very badly in a few years, especially vulnerable species like elephants which are in so much danger elsewhere and even species that are quite rare and it's just only in South Sudan like certain kinds of antelope that were thought extinct and now have been found in South Sudan.

And there are - the ivory route is that these poachers come down and kill the animals for their ivory. It's taken then to Sudan, carved and sent to China.

Yeah. There's a city called Onderon(ph) - if I'm pronouncing it correctly - which has a traditional center of artisanal carving of ivory and export. So some elephant tusks do flow into Onderon and get shipped out from there to markets in the Middle East and China.

Yet, there are still large herds of elephants left in South Sudan. You saw one from an airplane.

turn 1 : Poachers kill elephants for their ivory and sell it to markets in Sudan, the Middle East, and China.

What do poachers do with the ivory they take from elephants in South Sudan?

Answer: Sell


Do you believe the United States has a moral obligation to accept people who, for whatever reason, find that they can no longer live in their home country?I mean, over the past couple of years in particular, you've heard Republicans say, time and again, America can't be the solution to every person's problems. How do you respond to that?

I think we have a moral obligation to do our part, which isn't to say we should take every persecuted person in the world. We can't do that. But we can do far more than we are doing at the moment.

And our laws - going back to language that was drafted in the days after World War II when, collectively, most of the world felt pretty awful about the way we turned Jewish refugees fleeing the Nazi government away - we adopted laws that said if you reach the United States and you have a well-founded fear of persecution for one of these particular reasons under the law, we won't send you back. And I think we do have a - both a moral and a legal obligation to respect that.

And this country has a history of refugee resettlement that is a beautiful part of our heritage. It's - the Statue of Liberty - that sonnet from Emma Lazarus that says, give me your poor, your teeming masses yearning to breathe free. I'm not saying take the whole of the world's refugees. But last year, when we actually ended up taking fewer than 23,000 refugees, that was less than one-tenth of 1% of the more than 25 million refugees in the world.

turn 2 : to adopt laws means to make new laws

Which specific event inspired the drafting of laws mentioned in turn 2?

Answer: Jewish


And those two factors - genetic variation and large populations - are perfect recipes for Darwinian evolution. So RNA viruses evolve very quickly. They adapt very quickly. If they pass from one species of host into another - for instance, from a bat, or a monkey or a rodent, into humans - they seem to have a better chance of flourishing, of adapting to the new host and finding ways to transmit onward. So the RNA viruses, the single-stranded RNA viruses, are particularly on the watch list for the disease scientists who study this field.

I'm Flora Lichtman, and this is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR, talking with David Quammen about his book "Spillover. "Are we reservoir hosts for viruses that have caused pandemics in other animals?

Well, certainly we've caused disease. It does go the other way. It can go either direction whenever there's fairly close contact. For instance, Jane Goodall's chimps in Gombe in Tanzania, in the late '60s, suffered what seems to have been a little epidemic of polio. A number of the Gombe chimps died.

And that polio virus is thought to be non-zoonotic. It's thought to be a virus that only affects humans, but it's capable of passing from humans into chimps. So it seems to have made those chimps sick and killed some of them.

turn 2 : Humans and chimpanzees can transmit viruses to each other.

How do humans and chimpanzees transmit viruses to each other?

Answer: Close


The attorney general says they're all murderers who preyed on children and the elderly. The first is named Daniel Lewis Lee. He's a member of a white supremacist group who killed a family of three people. The next is another inmate. He stabbed a grandmother, then drove with her granddaughter for 30 miles before killing the granddaughter very brutally too. The Justice Department says all five of these men have exhausted their appeals, so it says there are few, if any, legal hurdles to executing them later this year and early next year.

I'm thinking most violent crimes are - tend to be prosecuted by the state - right?- not the federal government. How do you even land on federal death row?

There has to be some kind of federal connection in the case. There are about 60 people on federal death row right now. Many of them killed somebody on federal land or inside a federal prison. For others, there were murders as part of a drug crime or a broader federal conspiracy.

Now, the last person executed in the federal system in 2003 killed an Army private. Before that, the most prominent was probably Timothy McVeigh, who was put to death in 2001 for his role in the Oklahoma City federal building bombing. Now, some other well-known people on death row right now in the federal system include Dylann Roof, who shot nine people at the AME Church in Charleston, S. C. , and Jahar Tsarnaev, who was convicted of crimes related to the Boston Marathon bombing.

turn 0 : prey in this context means to physically hurt or emotionally hurt

Which group was Daniel Lewis Lee a member of?

Answer: White-supremacist


The real problem is not Donald Trump - seven and a half years of Barack Obama and his agenda. Clear thinking people - and I'm talking about people who are in the middle, not people that are really burrowed in and would never, ever be a Democrat or never ever be a Republican - are looking at it and they're saying, is my life better?Is our country stronger?Do we have a strong standing in the world?Is this economy recovering?Is it a dynamic and robust economy?

Because we know without a dynamic and robust economy, all the other talk is just talk. We've got to have people back to work. We've got to have people looking forward to getting up in the morning and going to work. We got to have people that feel that America really is the leader of the world.

And I just am saying to my Republican friends, look, I get it. I understand that there's certain things that he's said that really you can't ever look that way, but take a look. We're still months away from the election.

Mr.  Kelly, if you were advising Donald Trump - and, you know, he might hear this - is there some magic sentence that he could come up with that would - that would help heal things over?

turn 2 : (3) Implied meaning: Mr. Kelly is suggesting to his Republican friends to give Donald Trump a chance and to wait and see what happens before making a judgement.

What is Mr. Kelly suggesting to his Republican friends about Donald Trump?

Answer: Chance


Do you think what we've seen over the past couple of weeks represents some kind of tipping point in the way people think about guns?

Probably not, unfortunately. I mean, after - Sandy Hook was about the worst thing that could ever possibly happen. And it didn't substantially change the tone of this debate. What is different is when you mix an ISIS story, which is what we have now, with a gun-control story. Maybe that's what's going to change things.

The idea that people who may not have been able to get on an airplane were able to acquire guns.

Right, right, right. We have zero tolerance for Islamic - Islamic State terrorism. We seem to have a certain level of tolerance for a certain number of school shootings a year. So - I'm sorry to say it, but it's true. And so maybe that's what tips this debate. But I don't see any one incident tipping the debate in the way you're suggesting.

turn 3 : In (4) the speaker is implying that the US has a higher level of tolerance for school shootings than for terrorism.

Which type of incident does the speaker suggest may change the tone of the gun-control debate?

Answer: ISIS


Well, Mr.  Market feels pretty strongly that he's seen this show before. And. . .

He's counting on something to be worked out at the last minute.

That's right. The real question is, if by Thursday there's no deal, will stock markets still be gaily rising?I think the answer is probably no.

I was struck by a phrase in Chris Arnold's piece about the dollar being the bedrock currency for much of the world. Is that jeopardized?

turn 1 : (2) He's counting on something to be worked out at the last minute: Implied Meaning: He's expecting a solution to be found shortly before the deadline.

Which day of the week did PersonA suggest that the stock markets might not rise if there's no deal?

Answer: Thursday


What's the recipe for a star?How do you make one?

Really all you need is cold gas and to be left alone essentially.

If the cold gas cools enough and nothing heats it up, then it should turn into stars. And so this cluster is a perfect star factory because it has a tremendous amount of cooling happening and very little heating. And so it's going to provide just a tremendous amount of this cold gas fuel for stars.

What's the difference between a galaxy and a galaxy cluster?

turn 0 : The statement implies how stars are formed and the necessary conditions for their creation.

Which process results in the formation of stars?

Answer: Cooling.


She says that the album's title, "Pleasure," came out of a time when she wasn't feeling much of it.

There wasn't a particular thing. I was in a low-grade - just of confusion. Maybe it was like a what - what direction to go next - like, your compass stops working. It might have been from repetition of touring, from being - you know, having been an adult for long enough to have observed what I was doing as an adult. What - how adulthood was looking on me - you know what I mean?And so I think it was just a confluence of a bunch of different factors - you know what I mean?- that was putting me in a state of mind.

Yeah, I think for those of us that are older, we call it a midlife crisis. We have these crises of confidence (laughter). But I don't think that's what was going through you.

I know.

turn 2 : Turn (3) "Yeah, I think for those of us that are older, we call it a midlife crisis. We have these crises of confidence (laughter). But I don't think that's what was going through you" is an example of a turn whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning.  In this turn, the speaker uses the term "midlife crisis" in a humorous and light-hearted way to describe a general feeling of uncertainty or confusion that comes with getting older. The actual meaning of the turn is not that the speaker believes the interviewee was experiencing a midlife crisis, but rather that the interviewee was going through a difficult time of uncertainty and confusion.

Which term did the speaker use to describe a general feeling of uncertainty that comes with getting older?

Answer: Crisis


Shanta, thanks for coming on.

Thank you for having me.

So we just heard Ward Connerly and he strongly disagrees with your position. He says that people shouldn't be treated differently in hiring and education because of race and that you've actually mischaracterized the deposition you did with him on October. How do you respond to that?

I think our characterization, my characterization of the deposition was completely accurate, and I think what Mr.  Connerly was saying was a complete non-sequitur. The truth of the matter is where affirmative action programs have been eliminated like in the University of California system. There's been a tremendous drop in black and Latino student enrollment in all the graduate law and medical programs and at U. C. Berkeley and UCLA and I think it's just disingenuous and dishonest to say that black and Latino students are now being matched with colleges that they're academically able to go to.

turn 3 : Literally, turn (4) is a response to the question posed by the interviewer. However, the implied meaning is that the speaker is defending affirmative action programs and arguing against Ward Connerly's stance on the issue. The speaker is also accusing Mr. Connerly of being disingenuous and dishonest in his arguments against affirmative action.

How does the speaker describe Mr. Connerly's arguments against affirmative action?

Answer: Disingenuous


Well, most of them are against the government, so many of them see even public health workers as the enemy since they work for the government. And every time there are clashes with the police or with government soldiers, you know, health workers have to wait a day or two or even more for them to get into these villages or territories to treat the people.

Yeah. You know, what struck me when I was reading your article was that the health officials actually think that this outbreak is made much worse because of these militias. It's almost like they've created the problem.

Absolutely. Because every, you know, day or hour of delay, there is the possibility that the virus will spread to someone else and then spreads to the entire village. And that could, you know, spread very dramatically.

So tell us a little bit more. You know, there are also experimental treatments. What kind of progress has been made there?

turn 2 : Delays in treating people with the virus could lead to it spreading rapidly.

How could delays in treating the virus affect the spread?

Answer: Spread


Oh, thanks. We're professional seguers here at NPR.

You took my breath away there.

Well, speaking of age, though, you're - you play a geezer in this picture.

Yeah, but I'm the youngest in the cast.

Really, I'm the baby.

turn 2 :  B implies that the character A is old or elderly.

Which character in the dialogue is referred to as a "geezer"?

Answer: A


This is Day to Day from NPR News. I'm Alex Cohen. One of the world's most celebrated playwrights, Harold Pinter, has died. Pinter was a mainstay on the London theater scene since the 1950s. His works include "The Birthday Party," "The Homecoming," "The Celebration," just to name a few. Harold Pinter won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2005. Here he is accepting that award.

There are no hard distinctions between what is real and what is unreal, nor between what is true and what is false. I think it's not necessarily either true or false. It can be both true and false.

The obscurity of those words is Pinter in a nutshell. His plays were light on plot, often taking place in a single room. Pinter offered no easy explanations for why characters acted the way they did. His dialogue was known mostly for. . .  pregnant pauses. In fact, the word people have come to use to describe that sort of tension in silence is Pinteresque. Here's Pinter in an interview with Charlie Rose, joking about the way some people reacted to his work.

When I went to see a production of my play, "No Man's Land. "I went into the bar in the interval. And a man and a woman - I couldn't escape, you know. They stand - stood in dead silence for a while. And then the man said, Oh, well, not as boring as the usual Pinteresque.

turn 3 : Not as boring as the usual implies that typically the plays are boring.

Which play did the man and woman see during the interval?

Answer: No


I really feel disappointed that a member of the House took the time to attack the people that are contributing to the campaign of President Trump, an attack that we are fueling or helping to fuel hate among Hispanics. In my office, half my personnel is Hispanic. I love Hispanic people. They're family-oriented. My wife - all of us got scared. I said people are going to come to attack us.

But you do know that this is public information.

Yes. But we are not contributing to fuel any hate. We are contributing because we want President Trump to be reelected. I like the job he's doing as president. I love the way he loves America, the same way that I love America. I named my company Great America Companies in 1972 when I first immigrated to America because I felt this was a great place.

President Trump has used the words invasion and killer, according to new statistics, over 500 times when speaking about immigration and immigrants since 2017. That is as president. People see his rhetoric as divisive and specifically when speaking about Latino immigrants. Does that not concern you?

turn 0 : They are contributing to and/or worsening hate among Hispanics because they are contributing to Trump's campaign, allowing him to continue doing so. Trump wouldn't be able to continue his devisive rhetoric if people didn't contribute to his campaign, so they are being blamed and attacked because of them.

How are Hispanics affected by the turn 0 statement?

Answer: affected


So, this isn't someone who is just - and forgive a homey analogy for our listeners - this isn't someone who is just the Michael Jordan of Indian cricket. This is somebody who is the Michael Jordan times five, six or ten.

Probably yes, exactly. All - the Babe Ruth, Mickey Mantle, Lou Gehrig all combined. I don't know which other icons to come with from which sport that Americans relate to. And he somehow managed to be uncontaminated by scandal, by controversy in a sport that's been laden with examples of both. And his rise, in a sense, became tied up with or almost emblematic of India's own rise to ascension on the world stage. When Sachin Tendulkar made his debut for India in 1989 at the age of 16, India was still a developing country, a poor country, one with lots of problems, a semi-closed economy, that still called itself socialist. All of these problems. And then India liberalized in 1991 with the end of the Cold War and the major change in financial calculations and political philosophy in the country, and that coincided with Sachin's rise. So, India rose and Sachin rose, and he leaves just as our economy has also begun to tank a bit over the last year or two.

Shashi, what happens to a star of this magnitude in the retirement?Any idea?

Well, amusingly enough, my government nominated him to our Upper House. We have an Upper House that's weaker than your Senate.

You know, Shashi, let me simply interject: very few things are weaker than our Senate at the moment, but go ahead.

turn 3 :  Has my government nominated Sachin Tendulkar to our Upper House?

How was Sachin Tendulkar's retirement handled by the government?

Answer: Upper


Like what, as you see it?

Well, there are a few things. First of all, ABC did try to get the case dismissed in the early going and the judge declined to do that. They tried to remove the case to federal court, which is a pretty well accepted strategy. But they couldn't remove it to federal court. So they were going to end up trying the case, really, in the plaintiff's backyard. So I think that those were risks combined with the fact that there's obviously a great deal of sort of free floating anti-media sentiment out there these days, which is hard to quantify. And the amount that was being requested by the plaintiff was, you know, billions, literally, billions of dollars.

Does a large settlement like this just embolden other people to sue media companies?

Well, I think that after we see a large verdict or a large settlement, we do tend to see an uptick. Many plaintiffs and their lawyers think that maybe media entities are easy get-rich-quick targets. I think that's a mistake.

turn 3 : asking if there is a general perception that media companies are easy targets for lawsuits.

Which perception tends to increase after a large settlement or verdict?

Answer: Litigation


And then, from that point, he had a great change in his life. Because with that adverse discharge, dishonorable discharge, he wasn't able to secure the kinds of benefits that he wanted to, and he had to overcome that. And I think the great story of his life is what he did afterwards, for the duration of his life and leading his family. He was an ordinary person under remarkable circumstances.

Now unfortunately, he passed away in 1984. So how did you get involved with the case?

Well, it all goes back to Jack Hamann, who is an author who wrote the book. He did some research, he found out, he's from the Seattle-Fort Lawton area. Discovered there was something very unusual in terms of the courts martial, and then sought to investigate the matter. And when he did, he uncovered, essentially, just a tremendous miscarriage of justice, very well documented. He researched it, he published the book.

And at that time, the family members came forward as he did more and more research in terms of trying to find and locate the individuals. And from there, I became involved when the - last September, when Congressman McDermott's office asked me to assist some of the individuals with their cases before the Army Board for Correction of Military Records. And that's how I, for example, got to know the Townsell family.

turn 2 : "tremendous miscarriage of justice" implies that something really wrong happened, not that a physical miscarriage happened.

Which term describes the nature of the injustice?

Answer: Miscarriage


Unlike other more indigenous groups to Afghanistan - like the Taliban, which generally tries not to kill civilians, at least as much as possible - ISIS in Afghanistan has done exactly the opposite. Much like their brethren in Iraq and Syria, anybody is game.

How big a threat are they?Have they eclipsed the Taliban?

Well, I think one has to put ISIS in Afghanistan into perspective. They are not a populist movement. They don't have a large support base either among Afghans or a large number of fighters. U. S.  estimates are down in the 2-to-3,000 realm, which is an order of magnitude lower than the Taliban. But what they're willing to do is to conduct high-profile attacks against Afghan and international targets in cities like Jalalabad and Kabul. And that makes them certainly a threat, but it doesn't make them a threat to overthrow the Kabul regime.

Is there coordination between the Taliban, or are they rivals?

turn 2 : ISIS in Afghanistan is a threat through high-profile attacks

Answer: Attacks


You know, one of the things - you know, getting back to your book, "The National Team" - one of the things that your book makes clear and what some people frankly might find shocking is just how early these issues started for women's soccer. I mean, there's something almost like on every other page about this. I'll just read one one paragraph. (Reading) While each player on the men's team got a $10,000 bonus for qualifying for the 1990 World Cup, the women received only a couple of T-shirts for qualifying for the 1991 Women's World Cup. The shirts featured the logo of Budweiser, a U. S.  Soccer sponsor. The players sarcastically call them their $5,000 T-shirts.

(Laughter).

OK. I just, you know - how has this been justified through the years?

You have to admire the sense of humor that the players had about it. You know, I think it would be unfair to sit here and say that it hasn't improved. But U. S.  Soccer - the women's national team started in 1985. The players were given uniforms that were clearly, like, leftover men's uniforms. And?The players before the first ever U. S.  Women's National Team game were up the night before sewing and cutting their uniforms so they would fit.

turn 0 : Despite being the champions, the female players were not given the same bonus as the male players, showing the inequality in the sport industry.

What did the female players receive for qualifying for the 1991 Women's World Cup?

Answer: T-shirts


Well, I think what's wrong with it is manifold. Our social safety net is embarrassingly weak; it barely merits the name. We give unemployment benefits that are stingy by rich countries' standards over periods that are short by rich countries' standards. And something a lot of people don't know, only about one-third of the unemployed even qualify because of various eligibility requirements. And on top of that, people lose their health insurance, some of them lose their pensions and so on.

And, we have estimates now that the unemployment rate will go up to at least 8 percent now.

I think that's right. I think at this point, we'll be fortunate or skillful, depending on how you want to think about it, if we can hold the line at 8 percent. I think higher is probably likely.

OK. So let's talk about unemployment benefits, and what do you think President-elect Obama should do about extending those?

turn 0 : The social safety net is inadequate due to strict eligibility requirements and inadequate benefits.

What is the reason for the inadequacy of the social safety net?

Answer: Eligibility


If I had any confidence that another state would follow suit, I would agree with you. But we have watched as, really, only two states in the nation have done truly independent congressional redistricting. Neither of them are what I would call red states. And one of them is California, the state with the largest number of congressional seats in the country. And even though California moved forward with their independent redistricting, not one Republican state followed suit. So if what we're trying to do is have more Republicans in Congress, then I would say, yes, we back Governor Hogan's plan and just change it in Maryland.

But this sounds a little bit like a playground argument. Well, if they're not going to do it, I'm not going to do it, either, regardless of what may be right.

Well, that's what my bill solves. It allows for two states to do it simultaneously. And hopefully, that then moves a process forward that other states can then join.

Is there buy-in from Virginia?

turn 0 : The speaker disagrees with the other person's argument.

What does the speaker think about independent congressional redistricting in red states?

Answer: Disagree


We get to have some of these first-time discussions with parents where they didn't realize my student who graduates high school - wait a minute, you're telling me that they - in the state of Tennessee, they have the opportunity for two years or for a technical certificate program free of cost to me?And sometimes they tear up. Sometimes they're speechless. Sometimes I reach across the room and - to shake hands with two hands. Sometimes I give hugs to a mother who has nothing to say. She's shaking and she's crying. And these are lasting moments. These are the things that keep us going when otherwise it may seem we have a whole lot of bad news to deliver.

As an educator, Mr.  Leddy, do you have any concern that, you know, the mentality sometimes goes that because it's free, students - everybody involved might not take it seriously and treat community college as just a continuation of high school?

I've heard that. I don't share the view. At the high school level, where we are, and when we see the struggles the students have, when we see parents working two, three, four jobs to try to afford the basics, the subsistence needs for their families - that argument or that view kind of rings hollow. Our students are very appreciative. Our students feel that they're valued. They feel like someone is listening at the state level and someone is looking out for their futures.

The program is funded by the - by the Tennessee state lottery. So I guess if you want to - if you want to support education, buy a lottery ticket.

turn 3 : "So I guess if you want to - if you want to support education, buy a lottery ticket" - Implied meaning: A way to support education is to buy lottery tickets.

What is the source of funding for the Tennessee free community college program?

Answer: Tennessee


Does an event like this and forecast like that have the effect of concentrating the mind of not just financial planners. . .

. . . but people in Congress making these decisions. And I hear a little laugh.

You would think it would. And in the past, it has. I mean, as they gotten closer to the deadline, enough fear spread that they could pass something or do something or kick the can or whatever. But this time, one of the things that makes this time feel different is that there really are a lot of House Republicans who say, ah, let it default. It'll just shrink the government, will be all good. And it is an act of - I don't even know how to describe it. It's insanity.

Yeah. Well, Austan Goolsbee, I believe, used that word. Quick last question, if we could. So, October 17th is a real deadline but you think some of the effects, potentially, will be down the road.

turn 3 : The phrase "down the road" is a figurative expression meaning at some point in the future.

What is the phrase used by Austan Goolsbee to describe the situation?

Answer: Insanity


In this piece, you write about a man named Jim Eggers, and he has bipolar disorder with psychotic tendencies. Could you tell us about his service animal?Her name is Sadie.

Yeah, Sadie is an African Grey parrot. So she's a pretty small parrot. And she rides around on his back in a backpack, a bright purple backpack, that he's had built around a cage. So, she's in a cage on his back, and he's pretty severely bipolar, and he has these psychotic tendencies, and he is often threatening to attack people or actually attacked people in past. And what Sadie does is she rides around his back, and she can actually sense when he's starting to get upset before he realizes it's even happening. And she'll say, it's OK, Jim. Calm down, Jim. I'm here, Jim. You're all right, Jim. And she'll just do this in a loop, and she'll talk him down.

According to the Americans with Disabilities Act, service animals are allowed to go wherever there are human owners are, but as you write, that's been causing some problems. What's been happening there?

People are just used to dogs. They don't associate parrots, horses, monkeys, ferrets, you know, ducks, goats with service animals. So, I think the reaction of a lot of business owners and the general public is often one of suspicion that you're sort of making it up.

turn 1 : Sadie is not just a pet but a service animal for Jim's bipolar disorder

Answer: Calming


Oh boy, so much has changed. The club scenes, radio, the entire industry as a whole has changed dramatically. Even back then - I mean, I'm not really in clubs right now, but back then, the music that they were playing was different. The accessibility through music and the clubs, and then transitioning into radio was different.

Because that's really how "Hey Mister DJ" became such a big hit. A couple of DJs in the clubs loved it, started playing it, and then the next thing you know it was on the radio. And I remember because the label at that time was not really interested in promoting the song. So that's really how it got to mainstream radio, and it just would build and build from there. So it's changed so much now. Regulations and everything has changed. So it's just not as easy to kind of get in those doors.

Now, what made you decide you wanted to go record again?

You know, well, during that time, that seven year hiatus that I took, another life change that I had was really just kind of recommitting my life to God, and my husband and I both grew up in church. And you know, you kind of do your thing when you go to college, and you got your freedom, you do whatever you want to do, which is also a growing period.

turn 0 : The music played in clubs and on the radio has changed significantly over time

What has changed significantly over time?

Answer: Music


The show was political. I mean, it didn't shy away from really difficult issues, took sharp aim at President Trump on several occasions. Did that play into Netflix's decision to cancel it, do we have any idea?

I don't get any sense that Netflix canceled it over the political content. If anything, the political content is one of the reasons why they treated this cancellation a bit differently and a bit more gently than they ordinarily do - because there were not a lot of shows out there about a Latin American family with a predominantly Latinx cast dealing with these issues about immigration, LGBTQ issues. You know, every episode has some kind of hot-button subject. You know, one of the characters is a recovering alcoholic. Another has PTSD from serving in the military. So it touched on a lot of things.

And that was one of the things the audience loved about it. I don't think, based on a lot of the other content Netflix has, that that would have been a reason to get rid of it. I think it was purely a financial decision or, you know, whatever the finances actually were.

And the show can't just get plucked up by someone else.

turn 3 : The show cannot be picked up by another network or platform, indicating a potential end to the series.

How does the statement in turn 3 suggest the future of the show?

Answer: End


Fans of "Judge Parker," a serial created in 1952 that follows the life of small-town judge Alan Parker and his family, will have noticed that Judge Parker's storyline has taken a hard turn. He is in prison and, as of the last strip, recovering from a brutal beating at the hands of other inmates when they found out that he was a judge. It's the latest twist in a plot that's turned the comic strip into a platform for educating readers about the troubling realities of prison life. It's a lot to take on in a few illustrated panels, so we've called up the writer of "Judge Parker," Francesco Marciuliano. He took over the strip in 2016, and he's also the writer of "Sally Forth," another popular syndicated comic.

Francesco Marciuliano, thanks so much for joining us.

Oh, thank you very much.

So we've spoken to you before. And I'm not going to get into all the details about why Judge Parker is in prison because it's a little crazy. But I'm just going to kind of summarize to say that he was, in a way, trapped. He thought he was doing the right thing, and this is what happened. And I just have to ask - you know, where did this come from?Where did you get the idea to follow this storyline?

turn 0 : Judge Parker's storyline has taken a hard turn due to his imprisonment, making the comic strip a platform to educate readers about prison life

Which strip has turned into a platform for educating readers about the realities of prison life?

Answer: readers


So tell us what happened on the site last week.

Well I mean, what the culmination of a week of DDoS attacks, you know, it started off on Monday with DDoS attacks. And basically what that means is. . .

Please, go ahead. I was about to ask you what that meant.

Yeah. What happens is, you know, basically they send out little robots. They put robots on computers across the country, which make requests your website, which essentially brings your website down because of an overload of requests. So a DDoS stands for denial of service. And they do that by basically clogging up your arteries, basically, with actual requests from robots that are not regular people, and overwhelming your server.

turn 3 : This statement implies that the attack are intentionally used to disrupting a website's availability and causing damage to computer systems or networks. which is a cyber offense.

Answer: Cyber


Good morning, Scott.

Please give us a fill - so much going on in the Mueller investigation this week.

Well, you know, it seemed like there was Mueller news pretty much every day this week, Scott. On Friday, we learned that Trump's chief financial officer, Allen Weisselberg, has been subpoenaed in the Mueller probe. Now, this is a man who has the keys to the kingdom, if anyone does. We also got a list of 35 witnesses who are expected to be called in the trial of Paul Manafort. Now, that's Trump's 2016 campaign manager. He is accused of money laundering and deceiving the U. S.  government. That trial was delayed until next week. But we do expect this is going to be the new refocusing of the Mueller probe in the days ahead.

Also this week, CNN reported that Michael Cohen - that's the former attorney for the president - is ready to testify that Trump knew about that June 2016 meeting with Manafort and Donald Jr.  and some Russians offering dirt on Hillary Clinton. And we also learned that Putin and the president will not meet in September because they want to wait until after the Mueller probe is over. So they're planning to exchange visits to each other's capital city next year.

turn 1 : B is asking for an update on the Mueller investigation.

What is the name of Trump's former attorney who is reportedly ready to testify about the June 2016 meeting with Manafort and Donald Jr.?

Answer: Michael


It will need to come from all of those sources, but it also has to - we have to take into account that the economic policies that are encouraged in things like bio-fuel all drive up the cost of fuel. So trading policies, agricultural policies that force people to engage in a form of agriculture that destroys the land, increase the price of food and pushes us further towards a global crisis.

Well, Bill, thanks so much.

Any time.

Bill Fletcher is a senior scholar with The Institute for Policy Studies and a former president of TransAfrica Forum.

turn 0 : Economic policies like bio-fuel increase fuel cost and food prices, leading to global crisis.

What is the impact of agricultural policies on the global crisis?

Answer: closer


Harper Lee's longtime friend Wayne Flynt will be delivering the eulogy at her funeral. He joins us on the line from Monroeville. Welcome, Mr.  Flynt, and I'm so sorry for your and I guess all of our loss.

Yeah, I think it's a sort of global loss, given the popularity of the novel across the world.

Can you give us a sense about your friendship with Harper Lee?You have been in very close contact with her in the last years of her life.

That's correct. On average, once a month for the last 10 years since her stroke, we have sat and talked and told stories and exchanged insults. . .

turn 3 : : The literal meaning of (4) is that Harper Lee and Mr. Flynt exchanged insults while they talked, however, the implied meaning is that they had a close, friendly relationship, as exchanging insults is often seen as a sign of endearment.

How did Harper Lee and Mr. Flynt interact during their conversations?

Answer: Insults


Yes. I mean, this piece - I mean not only me played I think every piano student started with this piece. But actually, this piece is not just a ringtone, you know?This piece is a real beautiful, masterful piece.

Now, just listen to two different ways that Lang Lang showed us you can play that familiar melody. The first time, he's going to hit all the right notes. But the second time, his fingers will tell a story.

Because you can just put your hands, you know (playing piano).

It's quite easy, you know?But it's very hard to make (playing piano).

turn 3 : A's statement: "It's quite easy, you know? But it's very hard to make (playing piano)." Here, A is not saying that playing the piece is easy, but rather that the notes and mechanics of playing the piece are technically simple. However, bringing out the beauty and artistry of the piece through proper interpretation is challenging.

What is challenging about playing the piece?

Answer: Interpretation


Tell me how you grew up.

Well, my grandparents raised me. When their - they had - they've been foster parents for as long as I can remember. And I was actually the first child other than their own that they actually took care of, and they raised me since I was six months old.

Although my mom lived there as well, she was always - you know, raised me as well, but I lived in their house. I always kept myself around something musical, whether it was being in a play where I played the drunk daughter, or sneaking out to the studio to make a, you know, a demo that never became anything. But you know, it was all a part of what I felt I needed to do beyond, you know, those - that house and beyond church. You know, I was always looking for something to do outside of that - of those four walls.

In this book, you talk about some really rough times you went through. Being held out a window by an abusive boyfriend who threatened to drop you to your death, being beat up, being manipulated. Why do you feel that it was important to put all that in the book?

turn 1 : B was raised by his grandparents who were foster parents, not his biological parents.

Answer: By-grandparents


It's something that I think I've kind of really kind of gotten used to it over the years. But back when we really started taken off, it would be really strange to walk into a room with 20,000 people and you were the only African-American person in the room. I mean that happened a lot. And it's one of the things where I really had to come to grips with it.

I mean, I chose this life. I chose this job. This is what I wanted to do and, you know, I just - now it's no big deal, it's just the way it is. I love my job and I'm not going to change my job. So that just comes with the territory.

There's so many, what I call racial sharing moments going on right now and we, you know, we take them seriously, but we can also laugh at them. But sometimes have you ever felt that people ask you to be their guide into some greater understanding of blackness?

Oh, absolutely. You know, I've been playing Hootie & the Blowfish for 23 years, and we, you know, we've been doing' it. And I think my friends use me as a - like you said, as a vehicle to experience - and I know a lot of people that probably when they met me were pretty racist people, that are now really good friends of mine.

turn 2 : Some people expect the speaker to provide insights into black culture and use him as an example to improve their understanding of it.

What do some people ask the speaker to be in terms of understanding black culture?

Answer: Vehicle


. . . And because I've written certain things. And now I know that certain people in Saudi Arabia that I can't even name, people who work at the Royal Court, are putting names on a list, people like me and others. And these people are now blacklisted in this country. And we know it. I mean, we all know it, OK?So this is it. This is what's at stake.

Why do you think this is happening now?

What's different now is certain regimes, even if they were fierce and bold and sometimes ruthless with their own opponents, did not do this level of things abroad or in the daylight, OK?Mubarak could make opponents disappear in Egypt. He would never dare to touch someone in the streets of London or Berlin. The Saudi leadership used to kidnap some princes for family reasons in Switzerland or elsewhere, but they would not kill someone in the streets of Paris or Rome, OK?So this is now different. These countries today feel that they have withered an extraordinarily enormous storm, which is the Arab revolution that started in 2011, OK?So they are today on a full-blast quest and hunt against anybody who could threaten their political existence.

If the West specifically and the United States don't react forcefully to Jamal Khashoggi's disappearance, what do you think the effect will be?

turn 0 : They are on a list of people that are treated badly by the country.

How are certain people in Saudi Arabia treating people on the list?

Answer: Badly


Why?

Because it's like they don't have an agenda. They are just naturally funny.

I see a little boy break a grown man down so bad, one time, in the mall. We was in the sunglass department. The man tried on the sunglasses, he put the glasses on, he looked down at the little boy, he said, how these look?Little boy looked at him, he said, "They look good, now all you got to do is get your teeth fixed. "

Kids don't have an agenda. They just say what they see and then old people they just tell the truth. So - so, you know. I live in South Florida. And where I live is a predominantly retirement community. And one day, you know, how the new - the new fashion thing is your bra strap shows. You know, you could wear like a tube top and you have a fashion bra-bra, fashionable bra one. So I'm standing in line at the post office and this old lady taps me on the shoulder, she goes, sweetheart, your bra is showing.

And I look at her like, but it's pink. So I love that. I love people that are like generally funny and just on it.

turn 2 : The little boy insulted the man's teeth and the old lady pointed out the bra strap

Which two items did the little boy insult and the old lady point out?

Answer: Teethandbrastrap


There's been such wild swings. You know, in 2014, we were here talking about a dreadful harvest in Italy that was mostly due to the olive oil fruit fly, which was a big problem following a warmer-than-usual winter. This year, it's a deep freeze. And among farmers in Italy, they feel like these extreme swings are happening more often. Experts that we talked to believe that climate change is a factor.

I don't know the Olive Oil Times.

(Laughter) Well, you should. It's the most read olive oil publication. You know, it seems niche, but there are 3 million people around the world who make - who work to make olive oil. It's a very important food, one of the healthiest products that the Earth provides us. And there's a lot to tell. It's also a cultural cornerstone for the Mediterranean region and the rest of us.

Curtis Cord, publisher of the Olive Oil Times, we'll be reading it. Thanks so much, Mr.  Cord.

turn 0 : Extreme weather swings are happening more often due to climate change

Which publication did PersonA mention has 3 million readers worldwide?

Answer: Olive


No. I think. . .

Misunderstood, misunderstood.

Misunderstood - that's what I'm here to do is trying to salvage the reputation of some of these Halloween monsters. So yes, Frankenstein I think gets a really raw deal in the reputation department. We all think of Frankenstein's monster as this monosyllabic idiot from the movies. But actually, in Mary Shelley's original novel from 1818, Frankenstein's monster was more of a sensitive intellectual type. He read Plutarch and Goethe. He was more Brooklyn hipster and less unfrozen caveman.

turn 3 :  (Laughter) I hear - I sense a sequel coming on. (Implied meaning: It sounds like you have a great idea and it could be expanded on)

Which word describes the reaction of person PersonB to person PersonA's idea?

Answer: laughter


Excuse me.

Present company excepted, of course.

All right, all right, OK, yeah.

But he constantly breaks his own maxim. It's huge fun.

turn 1 : The literal meaning of this turn is that the speaker is excluding the people currently present from the criticism they are about to make. However, the actual meaning is that the speaker is making a sarcastic remark and implying that the people present are also guilty of the behavior they are criticizing.

What behavior is being criticized in the dialogue?

Answer: Behavior


Yeah, Phillips Andover Academy. And David Halberstam actually unearthed this better than anybody when David was working on a book on Belichick, "Education Of A Coach. "And Ernie Adams is such a historian that he wanted to meet the great David Halberstam. And I think they traded questions. Every time David would ask Ernie something, Ernie could ask a Vietnam question of the late, great David Halberstam.

Yeah, so what does he do during a game?What does he do for the team?

Well, there's no question. During the games he's up in the booth with a headset and there's an emergency line down to the field with an orange piece of tape that says Ernie. It's a dedicated line for him. And if you see a controversial play or a play where they might dispute or throw the red bag to get a replay, those are carefully selected challenges. And Ernie, I believe, makes all the calls on those, like, this is worth the risk 'cause you lose a time out if you make the challenge and it's upheld. So if you go back - and there's an excellent NFL Films video from the Super Bowl last year and Ernie does speak a little bit in that. And it's pretty clear that he sniffed out the play that Pete Carroll ran from the one-yard line at the end of the game, which Malcolm Butler intercepted to win the Super Bowl. The Patriots had worked on that repeatedly on Friday. . .

Oh, my.

turn 3 :  (4) is an expression of surprise. The implied meaning is an expression of admiration.

Answer: awe


The Rough Riders were a unique volunteer regiment that was formed in the first days of the Spanish-American War. At the time, the U. S.  military was really small, and they needed to bulk up really quickly. So the U. S.  Army went out and recruited cowboys, athletes, people who you could train pretty quickly. And a lot of it was the brainchild of Theodore Roosevelt.

It was his particular idea of who was manly enough to be in a regiment with him. Is that fair to say?

Well, it was - he - yes, he did a lot of the vetting himself. And it certainly was a lot of, yes, his conception of what it meant to be manly. And so you not only had a lot of people from the West but also a lot of Ivy League football players. The No. 1 and the No. 2 tennis player in the country quit tennis to join, and that was the kind of thing that he loved.

Were these celebrities in some cases?

Yeah, they were. They were celebrities in the sense that they were the children of the tycoons and the kind of lords of the Gilded Age, the sort of people who grew up in Newport and Fifth Avenue and had names that resonated for a public that, you know, much like today, they know who has the money, who has the power.

turn 4 : The celebrities who joined the Rough Riders were from wealthy families

What was the background of the celebrities who joined the Rough Riders?

Answer: Tycoons


Sure, you don't want the whole - that to be the second sentence of every every paragraph about you.

O'CONNELL: Yeah, Billie Eilish, who has Tourette's syndrome. . .

Right, which since I announced it, which I only announced it because I was, like, this needs to be cleared up. And of course, I said in that thing that I don't want it to define me or be who I am or whatever. And of course now, it's everything everybody talks about all the time. So it's great. And people keep asking about me about it in interviews.

O'CONNELL: (Laughter).

turn 3 : (4) implies that the speaker is being sarcastic or making a joke in response to the other person's comment.

What was O'Connell's response to PersonA's comment about people asking about their Tourette's syndrome in interviews?

Answer: Laughter


The Trump administration - or at least the president - have indicated previously they don't share this conclusion. Saudi Embassy says the claims and the purported assessment are false. Now, let's note - President Trump has often criticized the U. S.  intelligence establishment, saying they're not right on Russia. Oh, yeah. They were the ones who said Iraq had weapons of mass destruction.

We have to ask, is there any indication in this CIA report, which has sources inside, that this is some kind of attempt by what the president's supporters call the deep state to bring him into line?

No, I don't think so. I mean, the CIA - you know, for all of the ways that the president somehow misunderstands how they operate - is looking at this situation objectively. And, yes, to some degree, they are factoring in subjective judgments about how people behave, like the crown prince. But this is not an attempt, I think, to, you know, bring the crown prince to heel or to somehow influence policy.

And we should note, too, the president, I mean, has been briefed on the CIA's findings. And what we understand is that he keeps resisting them because he doesn't have, I guess, the smoking gun. He keeps asking, well, where's the body?Or, show me the definitive proof that Mohammed bin Salman ordered this. And, you know, it doesn't always work that way.

turn 3 : This statement implies that President Trump is skeptical of the CIA's findings and is seeking irrefutable evidence before taking action.

Which individual is seeking irrefutable evidence before taking action?

Answer: Trump


Yes, it's a primate. It's actually one of the largest monkey species there are. I'm not sure if you're familiar with Rafiki from the movie "Lion King?"Rafiki is a mandrill. They have extremely colorful noses and rumps, and like I said, they're one of the largest monkey species.

Do the animals get something special to eat considering it's Thanksgiving?

Keepers that are responsible for the day-to-day care of the animals do make some special treats for the animals. For example, our gorillas, on a daily basis, they get sweet potatoes, and on Thanksgiving, they may add some nutmeg or cinnamon to the sweet potatoes to make it kind of reminiscent of being home with family on the holidays.

Barb Webber is working today at Disney's Animal Kingdom. Happy Thanksgiving, Barb, to you and your animal friends.

turn 2 : Adding nutmeg or cinnamon to sweet potatoes is similar to being home with family on the holidays

Which spice is added to the sweet potatoes to make it reminiscent of being home with family on the holidays?

Answer: Cinnamon


Sure.

But any - is there any other practical dimension to your support right now?

We have an open-door policy. Anybody can come anytime of the day or night that they need help. We have done know your rights training. We disseminate that information with a lot of frequency. So we make sure that people get in their hands the steps they need to take if they should have an encounter with ICE.

Do they have any rights?This is one thing that I'm unclear about because I think - do people have any rights?

turn 2 : Open door policy is how the characther describled, not the literal meaning of the door always being open

Which policy does the character describe?

Answer: Open-door


Thank you for having me.

How long have you been throwing the javelin?

I started throwing when I was 13 years old.

When you were 13 years old. . .

turn 3 : "When you were 13 years old..." - This turn is not a question about the person's age when they started throwing the javelin, but rather a way for the speaker to express surprise or disbelief about the fact that the person started throwing at such a young age. The literal meaning of the turn is a simple question about the person's age, but the intended meaning is different, as it conveys a sense of amazement or disbelief.

Answer: Amazement


And Mr.  Cohen has had his brushes with the criminal justice system before, hasn't he?

Well, I don't think it's fair to say that he has. I think that there are many people around him who have, ranging from members of his family to myriad business associates - associates of his in the taxi business. When he first got out of law school and started working as a personal injury lawyer in, I think, 1992 or 1993, the first job he took was with a personal injury law firm where the named partner was arrested on bribery charges within a year or two of Michael having arrived there. Now, Michael was a junior associate. You know, I wouldn't want to imply that somehow that related to him, but that was the first known instance of many that followed of Mr.  Cohen being around or being involved with people that got into a lot of legal trouble - other lawyers, business associates and so forth.

In the 30 seconds we have left, is he - is Michael Cohen in a position to know a lot about Donald Trump and The Trump Organization that they might rather not have the public know?

I think that's right. But I think we have to make a distinction between knowing a lot that they might not want the public to know to having information that represents evidence that can be used in a criminal prosecution, whether it's of people at The Trump Organization, Mr.  Trump's family or Mr.  Trump himself, who likely wouldn't be indicted under any circumstances because he's the sitting president.

turn 1 : Michael Cohen has been associated with people who have gotten into legal trouble

How has Michael Cohen been associated with others?

Answer: associates


It was for people who are sort of touched by this. And when you saw what goes into it, you will understand. I mean, it's a week of sanding and scrapping and chiseling. It really - it was kind of an amazing process.

Yeah. And it's a beautiful video you made. It's up there on our website at sciencefriday. com. You can watch how they build the bikes. They talk about the bamboo where they - they're bringing in from Vietnam and choose it, right?

That's right. Their cream of the crop, they say.

You imagine going bamboo shopping?

turn 2 : The best of the crop of bamboo was brought from Vietnam.

Answer: Chosen


Well, CCH Pounder, great to talk to you.

Thank you.

CCH Pounder is an actor and gallery owner. Her space in Los Angeles is called the Pounder-Kone Art Space, and she joined me right here in the studios of NPR West in Culver City.

That's our show for today. Thank you for sharing your time with us. To listen to the show or subscribe to our podcast, visit our website nprnewsandnotes. org. To join the conversation or sign up for our newsletter, visit our blog at nprnewsandviews. org.

turn 2 : sharing your time with us implies listening to the show

Answer: participation


Mercy. It could have been - could it have been prevented?Aside from maybe not inventing it, could it have been prevented somehow?

Great question, and yeah, here's the thing - the software flaw is something in the Microsoft operating system, in Windows. Microsoft released a patch for it way back in March. So in an ideal world, you would have installed the patch and been protected from this onslaught, this ransomware campaign. But obviously, we don't live in an ideal world, and it's not reasonable to expect every local IT guy to update immediately.

So 15 seconds we have left - we know a lot of people listening to us are online. What do they do or not do?

Well, absolutely backup your data. Have a way to have your data backed up in a trusted cloud provider or an external drive because the fact is if you backup your data, this kind of attack loses its fangs.

turn 1 : (2) Ideal world: An imaginary or hypothetical perfect world.

What is the flaw in the Microsoft operating system that caused the ransomware campaign?

Answer: Software