(Laughter).

Did that work for you?

Yeah. I mean, because it's similar to what the TV show does. They tease some things. Some things get a few seconds. Some things are the main themes. And I felt that they really focused on two main lines here. I think, for me, they were the two main themes of this one. One is that downstairs, it turns out that the royals come with their own servants. And their own servants are very snooty. They're snootier than the king and queen. . . .

Yeah.

. . . As it turns out. And upstairs, the Dowager countess, Maggie Smith - no one else - is dealing with succession issues and who's going to run things in the future. And that also becomes an interesting plot. So those are the two main ones for me. But there's all kinds of other ones that are kind of peeking in around the edges.

I didn't think Maggie Smith could shine any more than she does in the television series, but she really did.

turn 2 : The servants and royals believe that they are better than everyone else.

Answer: Crowding


Well, right. And no U. S.  commander - speaking from experience - would put the aircraft in that kind of a situation. And for your audience, that reason is that, unlike aircraft - surveillance aircraft in the past, the kind of sensor systems that are onboard this drone are such that they can see dozens and dozens and dozens of miles away from the aircraft. So, you know, it's flying up above 50,000 feet over the Strait of Hormuz. It can monitor the entire strait plus see inside Iran without having to fly over it.

Just a little bit more detail, if you would, on this. . .

Sure.

. . . Specific drone - we're told it was an RQ-4 Global Hawk surveillance drone. Do you have any sense of how many of those are out flying over the region, how widely used they are?What intel are they collecting?

turn 0 : The drone has powerful sensors and can see far distances

Answer: Dozens


This is News & Notes. I'm Farai Chideya. In 1944, an Italian prisoner of war was lynched in a riot. It took place at Fort Lawton in Seattle, Washington. Forty-three black soldiers were charged in the incident; 28 of them were convicted. More than 60 years later, the Army Board of Correction overturned the convictions. The military found major issues with the soldiers' court martial. Joining us today is Howard Cooley. He's an attorney with the law firm Patrick Henry. The firm represented the family of Booker Townsell, one of the soldiers charged in the case. Thank you for joining me.

Thank you, and thank you for having me.

So tell us about Booker Townsell. Who was he, and what had he been through before and after the court martial?

He was a young man who was drafted in World War II, like so many other people. Seems to have had a - not a - nothing remarkable about his background, from what I'm able to understand. And - but he did become quite remarkable during World War II because he became a prisoner - he had to guard some prisoners of war, some Italian prisoners of war. And the riot broke out and then he, as a result of that, he was convicted, he was dismissed from the service with adverse honors.

turn 3 : "dismissed from the service with adverse honors" - the phrase "dismissed with adverse honors" seems contradictory because "honors" usually connote a positive recognition, while "dismissed" connotes being fired or removed from service. In this case, it means that Booker Townsell was removed from service in a dishonorable manner.

How was Booker Townsell dismissed from the service?

Answer: Dismissed


That question is, what is the most disloyal dog breed?

I have some issues with the premise of that one, but let's get to your answer, first of all.

Well, this question is going to have to remain unanswered to a certain extent. No one really knows. And the problem is there are plenty of researchers out there who are studying the personalities of dogs, but none of them evaluate any kind of personality trait called loyalty, or anything like that.

It's a bit subjective.

turn 1 : B disagrees with the premise of the question but is willing to discuss it further.

What is PersonB's attitude towards discussing the question?

Answer: Willing


And I started recording them, and then over time, it found its audience.

I mean, it found a huge audience. Does it surprise you that what you find interesting so many other people do, too?

Yes and no. It's funny, I was listening about vaccines just now, and in a way, you know, modern medicine has approached this mission of optimizing the life of the body with such methodical rigor, but we haven't necessarily done that about the life of the mind.

And the education system is, in a way, this antiquated universal vaccine model: We think that we can cram it all in a few years of formal schooling, and it's going to protect us for the rest of our lives. But the way I think of learning and creative curiosity is as a kind of immune system against the life of mediocrity.

turn 0 : "Yes and no" implies that A is on the fence concerning if he was surprised that what he find interesting others too do.

What is PersonA's response when PersonB asks if it surprises him that what he finds interesting, others do too?

Answer: Yes/no


But you're reporting the car companies don't want this to end up in the courts. How come?

So it takes a long time to bring a car to market. It takes five years to introduce a new product for these automakers. So they're planning years in advance. If you know what the regulations are going to be in five years, you can make decisions about what kinds of cars you want to bring to market.

If you don't know because it's up in the air and a judge could issue a ruling at any time that will change the regulation of your entire industry, then there's a lot of uncertainty. So even some carmakers who, again, were kind of skeptical about the original rules are really adamant now that they definitely don't want this feud, this back-and-forth, to continue.

They just want clarity. NPR's Camila Domonoske, thank you so much.

turn 1 : Car companies want to know the future regulations to plan ahead

Answer: Future-cars


So we shall see.

But I have learned a new phrase - brass-necked. Our own brass-necked Melissa Block is covering the World Cup.

(Laughter) I'm not sure if that's a compliment, Steve. But thanks.

I don't know. If it means tough, if it means on top of things, it is you, Melissa. Own it.

turn 3 : Melissa Block is capable and competent. (implied from the phrase 'Own it.')

How would you describe Melissa's personality based on the conversation between PersonA and B? (Answer: competent)

Answer: Competent


Is President Trump right to blame the Fed. . .

Perhaps. . .

. . . For increasing interest rates?

Yeah. Perhaps a little bit on the margin. He's not wrong about that. So interest rates are still fairly low. The Fed raised its rate, its benchmark rate, to 2. 25 to 2. 5 percent, which is not - it's not, you know, like a hugely high rate. But they are starting to kind of cool the economy off a little bit. And, you know, for years and years and years, that rate has functionally been very, very close to zero. And they've been raising it slowly but surely. They've forecast that they are going to continue raising interest rates unless they see something in the numbers that really upsets them. So, yeah, you know, the Fed is not providing more help to the economy. It's looking at the economy and saying, hey, GDP growth is still 2. 8 percent per year this late in the recovery. We're going to keep on raising rates. And if there's a recession. . .

turn 1 : A is not fully agreeing with B's statement

How does PersonA feel about PersonB's statement?

Answer: Not


Hi.

So you're about to get underway with your lunch rush. What are the workers telling you?What are the conversations you're hearing there at the bar?

Well, they're like counting down the days and saying what are they going to do. You know, some people have no plans. They don't know what they're going to do. Then other people say they're going to move away because this is a dying town, and it's really frightening.

And what does that mean for you?

Well, I just hope that we can make it through. I don't know. We don't know what is in store - you know, the future has for us because we've already - when they cut the shifts back, we've already lost a lot of our business from over there. Now, there's going to be nobody, and we just don't know where it's going to go from there.

turn 1 : lunch rush is a time when places are very busy, like restaurants, and usually during lunch, hence the name lunch rush

Which meal time is typically associated with a busy period in restaurants?

Answer: Lunch


This is News & Notes. I'm Farai Chideya. In 1944, an Italian prisoner of war was lynched in a riot. It took place at Fort Lawton in Seattle, Washington. Forty-three black soldiers were charged in the incident; 28 of them were convicted. More than 60 years later, the Army Board of Correction overturned the convictions. The military found major issues with the soldiers' court martial. Joining us today is Howard Cooley. He's an attorney with the law firm Patrick Henry. The firm represented the family of Booker Townsell, one of the soldiers charged in the case. Thank you for joining me.

Thank you, and thank you for having me.

So tell us about Booker Townsell. Who was he, and what had he been through before and after the court martial?

He was a young man who was drafted in World War II, like so many other people. Seems to have had a - not a - nothing remarkable about his background, from what I'm able to understand. And - but he did become quite remarkable during World War II because he became a prisoner - he had to guard some prisoners of war, some Italian prisoners of war. And the riot broke out and then he, as a result of that, he was convicted, he was dismissed from the service with adverse honors.

turn 2 : "tell us about" - this is a commonly used phrase to ask someone to share information or their thoughts, but its actual meaning is to ask for an overview or summary of a particular topic or person.

How did PersonB ask PersonA to provide an overview of Booker Townsell?

Answer: Overview


Well, they've arrested these two men. One is an official in the office of the governor of the province. The other is the president of the university. Those would seem to be two pretty prominent individuals. Does anyone know what's happened to them, where they are?

That's still murky right now. We know they've been arrested. We don't know where they're being held, and according to Iraqi officials, they've apparently been arrested on charges of committing violence, committing terrorism. We don't much - really much more than that.

So we have this day in Iraq. It begins with this pretty normal thing, a visit from a - from the leader of a neighboring country, and then this kind of a development, which doesn't sound normal at all. It leaves you kind of wondering, one step forward, one step backwards.

Sure, but, you know, what it really illustrates is how uneven the security situation in Iraq is. Sure, you're seeing signs of progress. You're seeing neighboring leaders and neighboring countries visit. You are seeing violence levels down, but there are still large parts of Iraq that could explode at any moment. And it really shows how little the security situation is in many areas.

turn 2 : (3) In turn (3), the speaker implies that the recent events in Iraq are not normal and that there is a sense of uncertainty and instability, despite some signs of progress.

Which speaker suggests a lack of stability in Iraq despite some progress being made?

Answer: Speaker3


To be honest, I don't trust Obama not a bit.

Why?

Because he keeps saying things which doesn't exist. And we were, as Arab countries, hoping when he was new elected that maybe he is a bit better than the former Bush. But it seems to be that every president come to the United States is not carrying on anything except what's help Israel, which it's their little tribe to be care.

What do you think a U. S.  military strike might do on the ground?And I know you can't necessarily know where any bombs would fall, but how do you think that'll affect your life?

How does PersonA feel about the former Bush administration?

Answer: distrust


You've been raising questions about Jared Kushner's security clearance for a couple of years. Should he have one?

No. He should not - well, he should not have top-secret security clearance. You know, there are at least three problems - one is that he had numerous errors and omissions on his initial security clearance form where he did not report foreign contacts. Two, he has tremendous financial vulnerabilities, including this property called 666 Fifth Avenue in New York City where he's tremendously indebted. And he's seeking investment from all over the world to shore it up. And then three, it appears that the president concealed the fact that he had actually ordered John Kelly and Don McGahn to give Jared Kushner a top-secret clearance. And law enforcement officials didn't want him to have it. And so these factors all point to him not having it or not - he should not have it, I should say.

Quick last question. Do people in Schaumburg, Ill.  - in your district - care about whether Donald Trump lied about paying hush money to an actress or the job he's doing as president?

I think they really care about making sure that we get to the bottom of what happened in 2016. At the same time, they also care about us delivering on their pocketbook priorities. And so as Chairman Cummings pointed out in the Oversight hearing, this hearing with Michael Cohen was not the first hearing of the 116th Congress in Oversight. The first hearing was about trying to tackle the problem of rising prescription drug prices. And so we got to walk and chew gum at the same time, Scott.

turn 1 : Jared Kushner should not have top-secret security clearance due to errors, financial vulnerabilities, and concealing facts

What three problems did PersonA mention as reasons for Jared Kushner not having top-secret security clearance?

Answer: errors,financial,concealing


Will you try and legislate in spite of the president instead of with him?I mean, it seems that he is distracting from what the Republican Congress is trying to do.

Oh, absolutely. I think we'll move forward without that. I think that the president can certainly - I mean, it would be helpful, obviously, if the president makes that pivot - and I certainly hope that he does - where he's certainly more deliberate, more thoughtful in his approach - certainly gets off this Twitter stuff (laughter) - where, you know, I think that, as commander in chief - and I've said this before - that the men and women who serve this country in uniform want to see a president focused on the fact that we're a nation at war and not in a Twitter war with Rosie O'Donnell.

And so I think - I hope that this president can self-correct - this presidency can stabilize. But the Congress needs to move forward with policies that matter to the American people. And the president is doing something important right now in having visited Saudi Arabia - and to strengthen our alliance with Saudi Arabia, to counter that Iranian - Syrian, certainly under Assad, and Russia axis of power that is strengthening.

You know, you're talking about Twitter, but there were reports last week that the president disclosed sensitive intelligence information from Israel to Russian diplomats in an Oval Office meeting. You're a veteran. Do you have any concerns about the president's national security judgment, just briefly?

turn 2 :  "the Congress needs to move forward with policies that matter to the American people" - literal meaning, refers to the Congress passing laws that are important to the citizens of the United States.

Answer: Laws


Remind everyone that immigrants are one of the greatest blessings that the good Lord has brought to America. Immigrants are a blessing and not a curse. This dumb idea that Latinos are changing America - and if the manifesto is legitimate - we're not a hundred percent certain - but if the manifesto is legitimate and authentic, it speaks to a troubled individual that may very well be part of a troubled group of individuals in this country that once again want to resurrect a nativist, white nationalist mindset that will not survive in the 21st century.

My message is this - conservatives, Republicans, Democrats, liberals - let's come together, and let's annihilate white nationalism, nativistic, xenophobic attitudes in America once and for all. Let's bring the country together and let's address immigration. And it's a win-win across the board.

That's Reverend Samuel Rodriguez. He's president of the National Hispanic Christian Leadership Conference.

Reverend Rodriguez, thanks so much for talking to us once again.

turn 0 : The speaker wants to address the negative views towards immigrants in America and reject white nationalism and xenophobia

What does the speaker want to reject in America?

Answer: nativism


So this will help the basketball players and then also the track events. But the good thing is obviously with these developments - the wheelchairs (unintelligible) through the people, you know, everyday people that use wheelchairs, and it will mean it's more lightweight for them to lift, say, in and out of vehicles.

And some of this stuff then filters in back to the general public.

Yeah, I mean, and that's a great thing, you know, the flow sort of from elite to high street, as we refer to it, is great. So you start seeing that, for example, with push bikes. We see a lot of that now available, helmet design from bikes, you say that. Swimwear is another thing that we see a lot of technology flowing into the high street.

Let's talk about swimwear because there was a kind of swimwear that was used and is now banned, and something new is taking its place.

turn 0 : Advancements in wheelchair technology will make it easier for everyday wheelchair users to lift them in and out of vehicles.

How will advancements in wheelchair technology benefit everyday users in terms of lifting?

Answer: Lightweight


You know, we've had numerous issues here over the past three to four, almost six months because our portion of the river has been closed to barge traffic for far longer than that. Once you get to certain points, river stages - they shut off that barge traffic. And even if the barge traffic were to be able to be taking place, a number of the grain terminals aren't able to load those barges because the water is so high, the infrastructure in place just isn't able to load those barges. So we've been having the hit, I guess, you'd say of that for quite some time, especially when those grain terminals are still full from last fall's harvest.

How much of your supply gets transported on the Mississippi?

Pretty much a hundred percent of our corn and soybean production goes to those river terminals and then, in turn, goes to the export market.

And at the same time that this is happening, you're also looking at a possibly escalating trade war with China. How is that exacerbating what you're going through right now?

turn 1 : A was talking about the problems of his business but B asked how much of his supplies get transported

How much of PersonA's corn and soybean production goes to the river terminals?

Answer: Hundred


The global economy is facing some risk right now, according to a leading woman in finance. We specify Christine Lagarde's gender because the managing director of the International Monetary Fund is among the most prominent women in a male-dominated industry. And gender is very much on her mind on this International Women's Day.

She's been suggesting the world would be a very different place if women played more leading roles in banking. Madam Lagarde has consistently said that had more women been in charge of the major banks, the financial crisis of 2008 might have been avoided. She's now studying risks to the economy, and that is where we began our conversation.

There are risks. It's coming from various corners of the world, this sort of downward trend that we're seeing. One is you have the euro area numbers, in particular, combination of the Brexit uncertainty and the trade concerns but also particular matters affecting, for instance, the automobile industry in Germany or the uncertainty over the Italian budget or the protests in the streets of my home country.

But you're also seeing some countries that have gone down for other reasons. Think of Argentina, which has faced a major crisis. Think of Iran, for instance, which have been revised downwards - big way. Think of Venezuela, which is contracting massively. So those are, you know, sort of, the particular countries that are going to contribute to that declining growth in 2019 and in 2020.

turn 1 :  (2) Madam Lagarde has consistently said that had more women been in charge of the major banks, the financial crisis of 2008 might have been avoided. - This turn implies that if more women had been in charge of the major banks, the financial crisis of 2008 might have been avoided.

How has Madam Lagarde suggested the financial crisis of 2008 might have been avoided?

Answer: Avoided


I just said I don't think. At the moment, I can't think of one. How do you follow "Death of a Salesman"?I actually can't, I mean, I suppose I could add "Long Day's Journey into Night. "But I never get a feel to do it again. And anyway, "Long Day's Journey into Night," we've seen it most - pretty recently. I actually can't think of anything, but I don't need to. I'm perfectly happy at home.

Well, that's a luxury.

Yeah.

Do you go back and see your plays often after they're up and running?

turn 1 : "Well, that's a luxury" is an idiomatic expression that means "That's a privilege" or "That's a rare and fortunate thing to have."

Which expression means "That's a privilege" or "That's a rare and fortunate thing to have"?

Answer: Luxury


Hanna was a bride. That is, she was a North Korean woman who was kidnapped in North Korea and taken to China where she was sold as a bride to a Chinese man. This is a big market in China. After 30 years of a one-child policy and Chinese couples' preference for boys, there is a severe shortage of young women in China today. And the one thing many young men want most in life is a bride. So they place an order for one from North Korea.

For how much?

It depends. Every North Korean bride I interviewed told me that she remembered the price for which she was sold, but roughly, it's $1,500 or $2,000.

And once in this relationship, if you can call it that, how did she escape?

turn 0 : Hanna was a victim of human trafficking as a North Korean bride, not a willing participant

Answer: North-Korean


There are laws that do govern whether the - whether U. S.  individuals can serve as officers, can enlist in foreign militaries, but it's unclear if they're ever enforced and what the penalties really are because of various Supreme Court decisions. You've seen how Americans have served in the French - well, I've mentioned French Foreign Legion in the article, the Israeli Defense Forces. And these are not mercenaries.

A lot of Americans enlisted in the British Army during World War II.

Sure, right. And these are not - you wouldn't call them mercenaries. But I don't know that there's a distinction if you then join a foreign military just for the money. Now - and by the way, this doesn't apply to people who join ISIS or the Taliban or somebody who fights against the U. S.  or a U. S.  ally.

That really is against the law.

turn 0 : It's possible for U.S. individuals to serve in foreign militaries, but it's unclear if there are consequences for doing so

Which law is unclear about the consequences of U.S. individuals serving in foreign militaries?

Answer: A


So one of the most famous stories about Julie takes place at a royal ball, at the Palais Royal. She attended in men's clothes. She often dressed in men's clothes, in the way that Katharine Hepburn dressed in men's clothes, not pretending to be a man, just, that was her style. And she saw a young woman on the dance floor, beautiful young woman, and she kissed her. Everyone gasped. And three men, one after another, three noblemen challenged her to a duel. So she said to them, one after another, yes, I'll meet you outside at midnight. Fought them, one after another, beat them all and then returned to the ball.

(Laughter) Just another night at the palace.

As you do, that's right. And, you know, that really sealed her reputation as a wild, uncontained woman who just did not care about any of the protocols.

Yeah. And how important was historical accuracy to you as a novelist?

turn 1 : In context, B's response "Just another night at the palace" is a sarcastic comment and doesn't actually mean that it was a typical night at the palace. Instead, it implies that the situation was unusual and scandalous, but B is making light of it with humor.

What was the tone of PersonB's response to PersonA's story about Julie?

Answer: Humorous


I'm fine, thanks. Let's begin with the playoffs from last week. The Steelers beat the Bengals.

Brutal game.

Ugly, wasn't it?Not just ugly, vicious. That's what I mean.

It was a vicious game and also a game that - I've watched a lot of sports. I've never seen a team do so many dumb things as the Bengals did to lose that game in the final minutes.

turn 3 : The Steelers and Bengals were both playing aggressively and making mistakes that could have cost them the

How would you describe the style of play during the Steelers-Bengals game?

Answer: Vicious


I had a very sobering experience last week. Michigan's Democratic governor was tapped to play the part of Sarah Palin in practice debates with Joe Biden. And while she was out of the state, I wrote a fantastic column whose premise was that Sarah Palin had arrived in Michigan, barged into the vacant governor's office, and decided to see what she could do to whip our mopey little state into shape.

Now, what I was not prepared for was the hundreds of readers who called the Free Press to ask, did the governor of Alaska really crash into the governor's office and take over the state for a day?And I spoke to one woman, and I said, ma'am, isn't this premise a little bit implausible?And she said, Mr.  Dickerson, a lot of what I see on the news doesn't make sense these days, but it all seems to be true.

And I think that's the level of confusion and shock and awe that's out there in our state these days. They really don't know which end is up.

Brian Dickerson is a political columnist for the Detroit Free Press, getting a lot of interesting phone calls and letters. Thank you very much.

turn 0 : The columnist's fictional premise was mistaken for a real event

How was the columnist's fictional premise received by the readers?

Answer: Positive


From NPR News, it's Day to Day. Mexico could collapse if it doesn't get control of the drug war there. That's the conclusion of two reports, one from the Defense Department, the other from former drug czar Barry McCaffrey, who says Mexico is, quote, "on the edge of the abyss. "

NPR's Mexico City correspondent Jason Beaubien is in Tijuana. And Jason, that sounds pretty dire, "on the edge of the abyss. "What are these reports saying?

Both of these reports are basically saying that the drug war in Mexico at the moment is escalating, and it's out of control in some parts of the country, and that the U. S.  should be considering that these confrontations that the Mexican state is having with drug cartels almost all across the country could push the state into a failed state.

A failed state. So what actually could trigger that?What could push Mexico over the edge?

turn 1 : Mexico is facing a very serious and dangerous situation.

What is the conclusion of the two reports on Mexico's drug war?

Answer: Escalating


My own judgment is it is a personal power struggle. President Salva Kiir is in power, and Riek Machar - he has been the deputy in the party and the deputy in the government. And in 2015, Riek Machar came openly talking about his ambition to become the president of the Republic of South Sudan one day. That led to his dismissal. That is the genesis of this problem.

President Salva Kiir is from the ethnic Dinka majority, the largest tribes in South Sudan, and Riek Machar is from Nuer, the second largest tribe. And, you know, in South Sudan, these two tribes - they constitute the majority of the - of the army. That is why fighting took place with the support of these two big tribes who dominated army.

There are 12,000 U. N.  peacekeeping troops there already. The proposal is for another 4,000. I gather a spokesman for the South Sudan government says they're opposed because this would be neocolonialism. Help us understand what he means by that.

Well, the government is saying it is an attempt to colonize South Sudan. It is an attempt by the American government to change the regime or the regime change. That is what the government is saying, but I don't know whether that is the intention. This morning, I had an opportunity to interview the U. S.  ambassador - the South Sudan ambassador, Molly Phee - and she categorically denied that.

turn 3 : (4) A's statement that the South Sudanese government views the proposal for additional peacekeeping troops as an attempt to colonize the country implies that they perceive the U.S. government as a threat to their regime, and are wary of any external intervention. The actual meaning goes beyond the literal definition of colonization as the establishment of political control over a territory by a foreign power.

Which term used by the South Sudanese government goes beyond the literal definition of colonization?

Answer: colonization


The tragedy in Burma is it's just hard for us to comprehend. It is true that the current projections are that the numbers will rise significantly. I've heard numbers as high as 50,000 people being killed. So it's something that just automatically pulls at the heartstrings.

And you know, Farai, scientists have discovered that human beings are actually wired to be altruistic, so it's a part of our DNA. It's natural for us to want to give. We see a crisis, we want to give. And so I think it's really important to acknowledge that, and to really encourage people to give. It can. The giving, overwhelming giving for a major public emergency like this can have a negative impact on other parts of the world. We've seen it in the past.

For example, when the tsunami hit Asia, several years ago, where a quarter of a million people lost their lives, you saw relief and development organizations flooded with donations. OxFam UK, at a certain point, actually had to refuse donations because they no longer had the capacity to actually program funds. So what I would actually advocate for those that are really interested in making contributions, is to give responsibly. To really look at those organizations that you are interested in making a contribution to, and making your donation in flexible kinds of ways. . .

So, for general support as opposed to necessarily for one thing.

turn 0 : The tragedy in Burma is something that is difficult for us to fully understand emotionally.

Answer: Burma


The videos of the embryos. He does sort of time lapse of human development, and it was really fascinating to watch, going from this sort of little hard to, you know, nondescript ball to what you would recognize. . .

As an embryo.

. . . as an embryo or a fetus.

This is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR. I'm Ira Flatow talking with Flora Lichtman about our Video Pick of the Week, and it's a - videos of embryos, all different kinds of embryos. So you got the film, the footage. . .

turn 0 : This is a figurative expression that describes the appearance of an early-stage embryo.

Which expression describes the appearance of an early-stage embryo?

Answer: Cameras


I do. And there was a series that was done on PBS. I think it was - I can't remember which report - I think it was Andrea Mitchell, I'm not sure, where she did a lot of interviews with Generation Next. And these are the young people in our society who are just going into high school. And these are the young people in our society who are just going in to high school. And these are young people who have totally different ideas about race than we do and how they can get along with each other. But what was missing was concrete information, science and history and an understanding of social structure, so that they could have these conversations. So part of what I'm excited about is this is a project that gives young people, who are already thinking about bridging gaps and already thinking about bridging divides of culture and race, to have tools to talk about this in ways that our generation did not.

Yolanda, thank you so much.

You are welcome.

Yolanda Moses is on the advisory board of a project called "Race - Are We So Different?"She's also vice-provost for diversity and conflict resolution at the University of California at Riverside.

turn 3 : Yolanda Moses has expertise in diversity and conflict resolution

What is Yolanda Moses' area of expertise?

Answer: Diversity


Well, I brought it back from that evening on the island of Roatan, and he processed it. He had to crunch the data. There was also data that had to come from Houston that had been collected by them, and all those had to be combined to make this map. And he was working till the wee hours of the morning making these maps. And then the Internet connection was down so he went to bed. His name is Michael Sartori, by the way. He was a really fascinating guy.

But then he uploaded those images in the morning to Houston and the - one of the directors of NCALM, this organization, the National Center for Airborne Laser Mapping, a guy named Bill Carter, was the first one to look at the images and he was in West Virginia. He was about to go out and buy a refrigerator or something, and this email came in with these images attached.

He looked at them, and he said, oh, my God. He was thunderstruck. He almost immediately saw in this valley pyramids, structures, buildings, plazas, terracing, roads. He saw this incredible amount of archaeological features that he recognized immediately even though he's not an archaeologist.

So not just a lost city, a lost civilization?

turn 2 : Bill Carter recognized the archaeological features immediately despite not being an archaeologist

Which director was thunderstruck by the images sent by Michael Sartori?

Answer: Bill


So what happened to the smell?Why doesn't the world smell like rotten eggs today?

Well, it's true that these bacteria are still active, and of course if you pass a blocked drain or something like that, you can see that smell, and it's exactly the same activity going on. Bacteria are eating other things, eating algae, eating other bacteria. And the reason you don't smell it is because the creatures that were living at the surface, the fossils that we first saw, were producing oxygen by photosynthesis.

And that oxygen has now built up to such a level that it destroys the hydrogen sulfide. So it doesn't normally get up into the atmosphere. You don't notice it very much. So that's probably the reason, really - there's too much oxygen, or it's being consumed by other kinds of bacteria a little bit further up the food chain.

Do we humans have similar bacteria living in our guts?We talk a lot about the human biome a lot on this program.

turn 0 : smell like rotten eggs is about bacteria smell

How is the smell of rotten eggs related to bacteria? (Answer: bacteria)

Answer: Oxygen


We're hoping that this research kind of paves the way to looking at novel high-speed adhesives. So how do you grab things - difficult things - very, very quickly?And so, like, if you were to grab something that's dusty, like a brick, or furry, duct tape's not going to be able to stick to either of those things. You know, you're going to have to use something like claws or grabbing mechanisms. But we think that with this new type of thick, viscous fluid coating a very soft substrate, that it will be able to grab oddly textured things very quickly. So in my mind, I'm dreaming of a - like, a frog tongue attached to a drone, and the drone can fly around and pick up packages really quickly and fly away.

Do you mind me asking - after a day in the lab - I'm just guessing- do you just want to go home and fast?I mean, it must be difficult to eat anything.

(Laughter) There are times that - especially in the beginning - where I had the smell of frog in my nose for at least an hour, and I couldn't eat anything. But by the end of the study, I'd been - you know, I was eating frog legs every week - part of the study.

Oh, no. Seriously?

turn 1 : (2) implies that A has a very tiring day in the lab and wants to finish the work quickly and go home.

How did PersonA feel about the smell of frog in the lab?

Answer: Nose


Absolutely. Let's say, for starters, that it doesn't affect us anywhere near as much as it affects, for example, the United Kingdom, which may not be united much longer - might very well break up over this. And it affects the European Union, which is going to have other countries - some of the larger countries in Western Europe - considering their own exit from the EU, including France. So these are upheavals, tremendous tumult and turmoil, for those countries.

In the United States, the effects would be somewhat more indirect. But that does not mean that they will be minor. Consider that yesterday the Dow Jones Average lost 600 points. All the major stock indexes were down three or four points. That's just the beginning of what is expected to be an indirect, but nonetheless quite palpable, economic effect on the United States. These are some of our biggest trading partners. And as they go through a period of distress, it's going to blow back on us in a number of ways.

What are some of the political implications?

Well, you know, Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton both responded to this pretty quickly. And it showed us a lot about the stark contrast between those two individuals. Hillary Clinton issued what might have been a calm, careful, diplomatic communique respecting the decision but talking about how it might affect American working families.

turn 1 : (2) "it's going to blow back on us in a number of ways" - The implied meaning here is that the economic effects of the decision being discussed will have negative consequences for the United States in multiple ways. The literal meaning is simply that there will be consequences.

Which country may not be united much longer due to the decision being discussed?

Answer: United-Kingdom


There's that feeling - I mean, so many of us have parents in the industry. I mean, that's what this region is about, especially around Detroit, and Wayne State's in Detroit, the heart of Detroit. So, it's nerve-racking. Everyone is nervous. Everyone doesn't know what's going to happen next. We're all watching the news very closely. But at the same time, it's interesting, because with my generation, we almost seem to, kind of, not be as directly impacted. I mean, our family is, it puts stress on us, but the day to day of the university and the day to day at school doesn't seem to have changed that much.

I understand you have friends there who are engineering majors. Do they have any sense of what their future looks like, and will be it there in Michigan?

Everybody is secure in their choices and secure in their decision. Everybody thinks that the industry will come around, especially now with the news that GM is getting money from the government. And everybody is more hopeful, and I mean, the auto industry has always been one of the largest industries and a staple in America, and to think that that industry is just going to vanish, nobody is willing to concede that.

Alex Marinica is a junior studying at Wayne State University in Detroit. Thanks so much, Alex.

turn 2 : The speaker believes that the auto industry will not vanish despite the current situation

What is the PersonA's opinion on the future of the auto industry?

Answer: Not


I did not detect that in Putin's three-hour press conference. I did not see him saying we need to open up a second front in our confrontation with the West. I actually saw hints of him looking for a deal, hints of him wanting to be more conciliatory vis-a-vis the West. And so I didn't detect that, you know, we're in the corner and we're going to lash out. It was more conciliatory for Putin. I want to emphasize that.

Yeah. At some level, is this what American policy wanted?

At the beginning of the Obama administration - when I joined the government - this is exactly what we didn't want. We wanted a cooperative relation with the Russians that would be good for the United States, good for Russia.

turn 3 : The turn that has an implied meaning different from its literal meaning is (4): "So do Russians of means put all their money into London townhouses now?" This question is likely not asking for a direct answer about the financial habits of wealthy Russians, but rather implies a criticism of the practice of using London real estate as a means of hiding or laundering money. The speaker may be implying that this practice is unethical or unfair.

Which question implies a criticism of using London real estate as a means of hiding or laundering money?

Answer: Turn3


It occurred on August 1st, in the late hours of the morning. One Serbian fell, and another (unintelligible) porter fell as well trying to rescue him, and that was the beginning of the fatalities. However, the serac fall, which stranded most of the climbers, didn't occur until quite late in the evening on August 1st.

A serac is a big column of ice, a big sheet of ice. And it fell off the mountain, and that complicated things for a lot of people. What were conditions like?

The weather was completely calm, very cold and clear, which is normal. No wind and as the day began to - as the sun began to rise, the weather was actually better than we could have hoped for. But, of course, things changed. The wind began to pick up the next day as people were stranded, and that complicated the rescue effort.

You were attempting to summit on that day, weren't you?

turn 2 : "and that complicated the rescue effort." - The implied meaning here is that the wind made the rescue effort more difficult, rather than just causing complications.

How did the wind affect the rescue effort?

Answer: Difficult


I have to ask, Margaret - because you are also on the board of the White House Correspondents' Association - a moment this week when Sarah Sanders, the press secretary, declined to answer a follow-up question from NBC's Hallie Jackson, called on Jordan Fabian, a reporter from The Hill. He said, go ahead, Hallie. Has it reached a point where White House reporters should stand together and refuse to go along with the way the White House conducts briefings?

I have long encouraged both on the board - I just finished my term this week - and just individually as a reporter have long encouraged reporters to take care of each other in the briefing room. I think we did this at times during the Obama administration when there were reporters whose desire for questions was getting skipped over. And it's an option we have now. We can all be good neighbors to each other, and we can all help each other to be allies in our shared mission, which is to help provide information to the American public on burning questions of the day.

Margaret Talev, who covers the White House for Bloomberg, thanks very much. I hope you get some time to rest up this weekend.

Thank you so much.

turn 0 : White House conducts briefings in an inappropriate way.

What did Jordan Fabian do when Sarah Sanders declined to answer a follow-up question from NBC's Hallie Jackson?

Answer: Went


Senator Clinton is showing signs of being very interested in having the second slot on the ticket, whether or not ultimately she really wants to be vice president. I think she wants to have the salute that goes with having that job offered. Even if she chooses not to take it, and perhaps there would be good reasons for her to go either way, she would like to have the salute to her efforts and her constituencies that's implied by the offer.

Does that salute include money?

Well, she does have a campaign debt. I don't think that it's a crippling debt, and the Clintons have their own ability to either cover that debt or to raise money on their own. But they do need to get that money raised by the end of the summer. Otherwise, it's not going to be retireable under the current fundraising rules. So she needs to get it done soon, and she could use some help with that. Barack Obama could provide that support with his online fundraising base of a million and a half contributors.

All right, Ron. Thanks again.

turn 0 : This implies that Senator Clinton does not really want to become the Vice President, she just wanted to be honored for trying.

Which position does Senator Clinton seem interested in based on turn 0?

Answer: vice


Let's turn now to our regular sports commentator, an all-around know-everything-there-is-to know-in-the-world-of-sports expert, New York Times columnist Bill Rhoden. Hey, Bill.

Hey, great Tony Cox. How are you doing?

I'm doing great, man. Listen, we saw a lot of great retired players in Washington on Tuesday, NBA players like Magic Johnson, Kevin Johnson; football stars like Jim Brown, that we just heard; Mohammad Ali, they were all there. What do you make of their commitment to being a part of all of this?And is it just because of Obama that younger athletes are willing to step up front again and take political positions?

You know, I thought it was great to see those guys and it was a great interview you just did with Jim Brown.

turn 0 : all-around-know-everything-there-is-to-know-in-the-world-of-sports is sarcasm and it means this person thats being talked about knows a ton on sports and is an expert.

Which commentator is referred to with sarcasm in turn 0?

Answer: Bill


Yes, particularly when we were starting out science at the beginning of - I think what you would call middle school, about age 12. This, of course, was the mid-1950s. And in Britain at that time, girls were only expected to get married and keep house. So instead of getting a chance to go the science laboratory, we got directed to the domestic science room to learn cookery and needlework.

And how did you fight your way into the science classes?

My protestations weren't heard. But when I told my parents that first evening, they were extremely angry. And I think the headmaster's telephone got a little hot.

(Laughter) And then you went to university. And I also read that, you know, you would get cat-called and that it was not a very friendly environment for women.

turn 3 : Cat called means to have mean loudly say sexual things to you in front of others.

Answer: Harassed


Yeah. And we owe a debt of gratitude, also, to Roger Hangarter of Indiana University, who gave us some other time-lapse of other plant motions. Because I started looking into this, and, you know, even the tulips in your vase are moving around if you speed up time. Their leaves are flopping. He told me this amazing story about sunflowers that I never knew. The reason that they are called that is that they actually orient towards the sun throughout the day. Their leaves do. So they start facing east and then end up facing west.

They have the ultimate solar panels.

That's totally right.

They figured out how to actually how to move with the sun. . .

turn 3 : Sunflowers figured out how to follow the sun's movement.

Answer: Move


I assume, Sean, you're not going to have anyone there kind of pulling in the CNN-type touchscreen - pulling up results from various provinces. When might we get a really solid indication of who the next president of Afghanistan will be?

You're right. It is going to take some time here. We should start to get some basic, preliminary results in the coming days. But the actual count won't be completed until April 20. But once that's released, there's going to be several weeks of challenges, and a period where another body evaluates fraud and complaints and challenges from candidates. And May 14th is when the final, certified results of today's vote will actually be released. And most analysts are convinced that there's no chance any of the candidates will get more than 50 percent of the vote today, which means the top two candidates will go to a runoff, probably to be held sometime in June; meaning, we're looking at sometime late summer, early fall, actually, before we know who the next president of Afghanistan's going to be.

NPR's Sean Carberry in Kabul. Thanks so much.

Thank you, Scott.

turn 3 : "Thanks so much" is not meant literally but figuratively as an expression of gratitude.

Which expression is used figuratively in turn 3?

Answer: Figuratively


Sure.

But any - is there any other practical dimension to your support right now?

We have an open-door policy. Anybody can come anytime of the day or night that they need help. We have done know your rights training. We disseminate that information with a lot of frequency. So we make sure that people get in their hands the steps they need to take if they should have an encounter with ICE.

Do they have any rights?This is one thing that I'm unclear about because I think - do people have any rights?

turn 2 : Open door policy is how the characther describled, not the literal meaning of the door always being open

Answer: Described


It's so weird because we're in the day in time where you had you wonder, this time you wonder, OK did they did not offer her enough money, because everybody does it. You they're going to figure now for Angelina Jolie and her twins and like, you know, 15 million dollars per picture. So, you're just wonder, you know like why hasn't Halle done it, have they offered her?And I saw her, I guess it was African-Americans, I'm not sure that they get the kind of money or the offers that white celebrities do. And I don't know if that has played a factor in it or is she just a celebrity that decided, you know, I'm not going to put my child out.

This is my kid. I'm not going to sell her to the highest bidder. I'm hoping is that one, but I think that, you know, that is how you get publicity now. You know, not that she needs it, but it does sort of fuel the fire for people being interested in you and you being, you know, sort of the talk of the town so people actually want to go see your next film. So, I don't know it's sort of weird that we haven't seen the baby and I look at it, you know, Tori Spelling. I mean, at this point they had the baby one day and then they cover the next day.

Oh my gosh.

It's amazing the way it works.

turn 0 : A suspects that Halle Berry hasn't been offered enough money for selling her baby's pictures

How much does PersonA speculate Halle Berry has been offered for selling her baby's pictures?

Answer: $15,000,000.


It's like a bird treadmill. I mean, it's the same idea, right?

Right.

And the point of this study, which Ivo Ros is doing, was to figure out how much energy it takes to fly. So they have a little heart monitor hooked up to the cockatiels. But again, like imagine what this is like for the cockatiels. So there's all this training involved because for a bird to be flapping their wings and not going anywhere is really weird. So they have to, you know, encourage them not to sit on the bars. And it just was. . .

There's no scenery changing.

turn 2 : "But again, like imagine what this is like for the cockatiels." - The speaker is not asking the listener to imagine the experience of being a cockatiel, but rather to empathize with the potential discomfort and stress that the birds may experience during the experiment.

How does the speaker want the PersonB to empathize with the birds?

Answer: understanding


Absolutely, and we just can't have that. . .

I will just tell you that now. . .

That'd be a security issue. Boy, talking about being slam-dunked after he dunked on the president.

Please don't do that.

turn 2 : Slam-dunked and dunked are basketball terms that aren't literal. Here, they mean making an effective attack on someone in the political arena.

What do slam-dunked and dunked mean in turn 2?

Answer: effective-attack


See how he do his mom?

Ms.  O'BRIEN: Ira struggles to provide for her large family, working two jobs: as a real estate agent and a licensed massage therapist.

I can't stop. I push myself more now than I ever have. There's times that, especially the summertime, I didn't come home until like 8 o'clock at night sometimes.

So what did you learn from talking to her?

turn 0 : See how he treats his mom poorly or disrespectfully

Answer: negative


Well, I think every writer hopes to bring information to a reader or a viewer. Every artist wants to reach another person through the heart. Something that a novel can do is bring you information in a different way from journalism or all other forms of acquiring information. It brings you inside the mind of another person. So it creates empathy for the theoretical stranger, and that's - it's a fresh avenue, really, for bringing science to a reader, to get to the head via the heart.

Do you have science - we have 30 seconds left. But will we see science in your next book?

Absolutely.

Well, I look forward to it. Thank you for joining us today.

turn 0 : You do not actually enter the person's heart or mind, it means that you start to understand their perspective

Answer: Understanding


ou're also seeing some extreme moves by companies like Advantage Consultants who basically say, hey, we can supply you, Mr.  and Ms. Candidate, with an army-full of bloggers ready to get your campaign out on the blogosphere 24/7. It's just - it's like the wild, wild West right now on the Internet.

Is that - I mean, of course, all fair - all is fair in love, war and politics. But is that cheating in a way, you know, blogs were created initially as if, like, I'm just going to express what's in my heart. And now, it sounds as if what you're saying is that there is a lot of people who are saying, I'm going to create the appearance that people are speaking from their heart.

Yeah, and, you know - and this is - gets into astroturfing and a whole bunch of other terminology behind what's the real message of these types of Web sites. You're right. The organic nature of a blog was to be something that was transparent, that wasn't agenda-driven. And obviously, when you start looking at politics and campaigns, it's agenda-driven. So now, they're looking at these tools being PR machines, more than this transparent, here-is-a-look-into-my-life type of outlet that it used to be.

Speaking of transparency, there is some information that campaigns don't always give out, like where their money is coming from. And tell me about OpenSecrets.

turn 0 : "wild, wild West" is a figurative expression that means a situation where there is a lack of control or regulation.

What is the figurative expression used by PersonA to describe the current situation on the internet?

Answer: Unregulated


When I listen to you talk, I feel like the worst possible - the most hurtful insult someone could ever fling at you is, you're not authentic.

And she falls to the ground, and she curls into a ball. And. . .

What is it about authenticity that if it were lacking, it's mortally wounding for you?

Yeah. I mean, if you're telling someone they're not authentic, then what are you saying?I guess you could say the opposite of authenticity is - I don't want to just say fake because there's another word.

turn 0 : Being called 'not authentic' is a severe insult

Answer: Insult


I believe she lacks political will to get the job done, which is one of the reasons that the nurses are supporting Bernie Sanders. If our health isn't achievable, then what's she doing running for president?You don't give up on health. You can give up on a lot of things. And there's compromises to be made. But when it comes to the health of my children, of our families, of our communities, you don't give up on people.

You know, of course, that the math is against Senator Sanders becoming the Democratic candidate.

I - you know, I look at the things far beyond math. I look at the mass momentum, just like in sports. I mean, Bernie - you know, we look at sports teams. . .

Hillary Clinton has won, at the moment, I believe, something like 3 million votes more than Senator Sanders.

turn 2 : The actual meaning of turn 3 is that Bernie Sanders has gained popular support and this popular support should be taken into account rather than just looking at the math.

Which turn suggests that Bernie Sanders has gained popular support that should be considered beyond mathematical figures?

Answer: turn3


There's a number of them that the federal prosecutors mentioned, things like excessive purchases with cash in some pharmacies, purchases from well out of the region of the pharmacies. And these are opioid purchases we're talking about - excessively high percentages of sales of fentanyl patches and opioid oxycodone painkillers from some pharmacies and some of the larger pharmacies that RDC dealt with. So those are some of the things that the feds highlighted.

Two RDC executives face charges. What are they accused of?

Basically sort of being players in this whole, you know, alleged kind of ignorance or willing ignorance, I should say, of RDC's role in the opioid epidemic, the things we talked about - you know, just sort of closing your eyes to pharmacies that were obviously pushing painkilling prescription meds onto the streets in big numbers. And the allegations are that the former CEO, Larry Doud, and former compliance officer were key in allowing this to happen internally and just ignored all the signs. One has pleaded guilty and is cooperating. And Doud is facing the criminal charges.

You've talked a lot about the pharmacies here. And so I'm wondering, what about them?And what about the doctors making the orders?Are they being held accountable?

turn 2 :  "players in this whole, you know, alleged kind of ignorance or willing ignorance" - This turn's actual meaning is different from its literal meaning because "players" does not necessarily mean someone who is literally playing a game, but rather refers to individuals involved in a situation or event. "Willing ignorance" is also a figurative expression that means someone deliberately ignores or avoids knowing about something.

What is the figurative expression used to describe the individuals involved in the situation?

Answer: Ignorance


From NPR News, this is Day to Day. The ethics problem at the Interior Department continues to unfold, specifically in the little-known but powerful Minerals Management Service. The Interior Department's watchdog reports that employees in that division accepted gifts, they steered government contracts to friends, and they had sexual relations with oil and gas-company representatives. Joining us now is John Dimsdale from Marketplace, and John, first, what is the Minerals Management Service?I hadn't heard of it until yesterday.

Well, it's responsible for collecting royalty revenues from companies that extract oil and other minerals from federal property. And last year, they collected 11 billion dollars from the oil and gas industry. So, it's a big source of revenue. In fact, sometimes Minerals Management is the second largest source of income for the federal government, second only to the IRS. And remember, this scandal comes just as Congress is debating whether to allow more oil drilling, especially on the Outer Continental Shelf under the ocean.

That's right. So, let's go into the details of this scandal. What did the Interior Department's inspector general find?

Well, this report makes it sound like a very dysfunctional place. It alleges cocaine and marijuana use, and even promiscuous sex between government employees and the industry that they oversee. The inspector general says the relationship between the industry and the revenue collectors is supposed to be at arm's length, but most of the oil-company people that investigators talked to said they bought meals or drinks, entertainment, for government employees.

turn 3 : "most of the oil-company people that investigators talked to said they bought meals or drinks, entertainment, for government employees" - literal meaning: the oil-company people physically purchased things for the government employees, figurative meaning: the purchases were made to gain favor or influence with the government employees.

How did the oil-company people influence the government employees?

Answer: Influence


The cease-fire that was supposed to halt fighting between Russian separatists and the Ukrainian government has not taken hold. Really, it never seems to have started. Shelling and dying has continued this week with both sides insisting the other had violated the cease-fire agreement. Separatist rebels have taken control of the city of Debaltseve, which serves as a key rail hub in Ukraine. Ivo Daalder is the president of the Chicago Council on Global Affairs and the former NATO ambassador. He joins us now. Thanks very much for being with us, Mr. Ambassador.

Oh, it's great to be here.

Do you think a cease-fire is even practical?

Well, I think the only way you're going to get a cease-fire is if one side stops shooting because clearly the Russians and the Russian-backed separatists are bent on continuing to fight. They were never interested in the cease-fire in the first place. We saw that in the Minsk negotiations more than a week ago when they refused to have an immediate cease-fire. They wanted to have a delay. So they could take this city of Debaltseve, but we now also see continued fighting in the south near Mariupol and in other parts of the region.

turn 3 : A: "Well, I think the only way you're going to get a cease-fire is if one side stops shooting because clearly the Russians and the Russian-backed separatists are bent on continuing to fight." - This turn uses the idiom "bent on" to mean "determined to" or "committed to," rather than a literal meaning of being physically bent over something.

What does the idiom "bent on" mean in turn 3 of the dialogue?

Answer: determined


And the spider is still paralyzed.

That's right. So interestingly enough, if the egg doesn't hatch, the tarantula can actually recover and go on its way. But more often that larvae will hatch and eat its way into the living but still paralyzed tarantula, and it'll feed on that tarantula for several weeks. And at least some species will selectively feed on non-vital organs first to keep the tarantula alive longer.

What would happen to me if I stepped on this wasp?

The tarantula hawk is a bit infamous in that it has one of the more painful stings known to man. There are actually a number of sting pain indices and in all of these indices the tarantula hawk ranks right up top in that the pain associated with this sting has been described as traumatic, debilitating, instantly excruciating, so it's bad. You don't want to step on these guys.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker is indicating that they do not wish to continue arguing or debating a particular topic or issue, but would rather end the conversation and move on. The tone and context of the situation may affect the implied meaning, as the speaker could also be indicating a desire to maintain a respectful or friendly relationship with the listener, or they may be suggesting that the topic is not worth further discussion or disagreement. Additionally, the speaker may or may not be open to revisiting the topic at a later time or in a different context.

Which topic does the statement refer to?

Answer: Argument


So the motive question remains fuzzy at this point. We might learn more about that later. In terms of what weapons he used, it was a . 45 caliber handgun. And he had with him several extended ammunition magazines and this device called a sound suppressor. And, you know, he entered the building using his city-issued ID, just using his swipe badge. And officials said, you know, he had done that very act, you know, every single workday for the previous 15 years. He was a longtime employee of the city.

And what will be going on this weekend, Bobby?

So there's going to be a number of memorials families of the victims will be planning here in Virginia Beach. And, you know, I have to say that city officials are talking about really bolstering services for the families who are grieving, who are going to be dealing with the turmoil that is now part of their life for quite some time. And, you know, the city manager told reporters earlier that in just, you know, less than 24 hours since the shooting happened, people have been pouring support into the families in terms of money, in terms of food, in terms of even bringing support dogs that might take their mind off the tragedy for a little bit. So already, he was saying, that the community is rising up in the wake of this terrible tragedy.

NPR's Bobby Allyn in Virginia Beach, thanks so much.

turn 0 : It is unclear exactly what the motive for the actions was.

What was the weapon used in the incident?

Answer: Handgun


(Rapping) Now I don't care what they say about me Because rules were meant to be broken. That's why the world can't forget about me Because rules were meant to be broken.

The lyrics on his new album say don't change, but rapper Lyrics Born has kept his game on the move. He's done mix tape-style compilations and released his own albums and singles. Now the Bay Area stalwart's got a new album called "Everywhere At Once" and it brings elements of funk and R&B into the mix. Lyrics Born, thanks for coming on.

Thank you very much.

So I understand you really launched into music when you were at the University of California, Davis. So when was that and who were you and what was it like?

turn 0 : Breaking rules is necessary to be remembered and successful.

What is the reason for the world not being able to forget about the rapper?

Answer: Breaking


Do you report them?

Yeah. I mean, I can call up, you know, different agencies if I have enough information. And in this instance, I did. I do know that, you know, a couple days later, I saw the same person was booked into the jail for domestic violence. You know, for me, that helps me to sleep at night because just maybe that firearm that I would've sold that person - what would it have done if it would've been used in that crime?

Were there other instances where maybe something bought from your store, you know, was used to commit a crime, or is this the first time that you've had to deal with something like this?

You know, it comes around. This is the first time where it's been national, and we've had all kinds of coverage of it. But it is not an uncommon thing to have the FBI or the ATF call up and say, we need to know this person's information or what happened with this situation. That happens probably every couple months.

turn 3 : The speaker has had multiple interactions with law enforcement agencies inquiring about the activities of their customers.

Which agencies has the speaker had interactions with?

Answer: FBI/ATF


Well, in its basic form, it's an envelope that's been postmarked on a specific day - usually to commemorate an event - and then was signed by the crew. But why is it called an insurance cover is because it sort of served as a form of insurance. The Apollo 11 crew was the first to fly to the moon, and they didn't know if they were going to make it back. They had a meager personal insurance policy to protect their families, but to augment that they autographed these envelopes in the case that they couldn't return from the moon then their families could sell these, what would be, rare collectibles to augment whatever money they received from insurance.

And, of course, it's for a good cause in this case. It's not just that somebody needed the money.

Indeed, Rick Armstrong, one of Neil's sons, donated this to the Astronaut Scholarship Foundation so it's come somewhat full circle. The original purpose of this cover was to provide for the family and now the family is providing for the next astronauts.

And there is something that went to space, which is going to be auctioned off next week, isn't that right?

turn 0 : "but to augment that they autographed these envelopes" - The crew did not actually sign the envelopes to increase the value of their insurance policy, but rather as a way to provide their families with a means of financial support in case they did not return from the moon.

Which event did the autographed envelopes commemorate?

Answer: Moon


Yeah. They considered all kinds of things. And - but they were stuck on coming up with a design that was really a wow design. So John Graham hired as a consultant a professor from the University of Washington named Victor Steinbrueck. He's known locally in Seattle as architect-activist who saved the Pike Place Market. But he was a designer, and he worked on the Space Needle design.

He got stuck. And one day, he was sitting in his home office and he saw - he had a beautiful abstract sculpture by a California artist named David Lemon, and it was feminine figure in complete abstract, reaching up to the sky with this narrow waist and then this tripod legs. And it was called "The Feminine One. "And he went, aha, OK, there is a unique shape for a tower.

Wow. If you have a question you want to ask Knute, get up there on our microphones and you can ask it. Where there any engineering innovations that were required to get this to be built?Anything about the revolving restaurant, anything like that?

Well, it was interesting because at that time, there were no revolving restaurants.

turn 1 : He was having a hard time thinking of an idea and then saw something.

What artwork inspired the unique shape for the tower?

Answer: DavidLemon's


. . . Seas and littoral regions.

So the bottom line here is Iran has now shot a U. S.  plane out of the sky. I'll put to you the same question we just put to Mara Liasson.

Sure.

Any sense of what the U. S.  response will be?

turn 1 : Iran shot down a U.S. plane and now the U.S. will respond.

Which country was involved in the incident?

Answer: Iran


Now let's turn to West Africa. For more than a decade, Liberia has been struggling to recover from civil war. It has a female head of state now, and it also has big supporters in the U. S.  One of them is Bob Johnson, who founded and later sold Black Entertainment Television. Now he's building a four-star beachfront resort near Liberia's capital, Monrovia. Bob Johnson recently told me why he decided to invest millions of dollars in Liberia's economy.

It's part of a commitment I made to President Johnson Sirleaf and the people of Liberia, to help Liberia recover from some 13, 14 years of civil war. And it came about as a result of my participation, as well as President Sirleaf's participation in President Clinton's global initiative that he hosts every year in New York. And the charter is, do something, small or large, but do something. And so my something is to help Liberia.

What are we talking about in terms of the kind of money it takes to make this happen?

We are putting in approximately 12 to 13 million dollars in the construction of this hotel and the opening of the hotel, which is scheduled for March of '09. It'll be an 86-room hotel, as I said, situated on the beach, great facility for everybody from government officials and expats who want to go back and visit Liberia, as well as business people who are looking to do business in post-conflict Liberia.

So, do you expect to get a tourist crowd eventually?

turn 1 : Bob Johnson invested in Liberia to help the country recover from civil war.

How did Bob Johnson contribute to Liberia's recovery?

Answer: Investment


Does this book take the position that President Trump is simply wrong about Russia?

No. No, it does not say that. And I would underline that this book is not an anti-Trump book or a pro-anyone book. It's not anti- or pro-anyone. Maybe it's hard to believe in today's Washington, but we actually have no agenda (laughter).

John McLaughlin is a former acting CIA director. Thank you very much for joining us today.

Thank you.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker is hinting at an underlying issue or concern that they are not comfortable discussing directly.

How did the speaker address the issue they were uncomfortable discussing directly?

Answer: Hinting


The billionaire financier Jeffrey Epstein has been taken into federal custody related to sex trafficking. According to The Daily Beast, who first reported this story, Epstein was arrested yesterday and will appear in court tomorrow to be charged in connection with sex trafficking minors. This comes more than a decade after accusations first surfaced that Epstein had paid dozens of young girls for sex. But he avoided federal criminal charges and significant prison time in a plea deal that continues to draw criticism for its lenient terms. For more on this, we called Pervaiz Shallwani, one of the Daily Beast reporters who broke this story. And he's with us now.

Thank you so much for being with us.

Thank you for having me.

And I'm just going to start by saying that the details may be disturbing to some listeners because this does involve accusations about the treatment of young girls. So, having said that, Pervaiz, as briefly as you can, what are the allegations that first surfaced against Epstein in 2007 and 2008?

turn 0 : The speaker is highlighting the severity of the allegations against Jeffrey Epstein and warning the listeners that the details may be upsetting.

Which word describes the warning given by the speaker about the details of the allegations against Jeffrey Epstein?

Answer: Upsetting


The regulations and the oversight that was put in place was relatively minimal because this was going to be such a small endeavor. It was going to be a small-scale experiment for 100 schools. Well, guess what?We have 1,300 charter schools today. And we have a law that doesn't actually account for the scale of that.

That's LA Times reporter Anna Phillips. She's been investigating loopholes in California's charter school system. What she discovered is a fragmented and decentralized regulating system. In Los Angeles, Phillips encountered a case in which a wealthy Beverly Hills couple made millions of dollars by simply turning to a different school district whenever their charter schools came under scrutiny.

These charter schools had been set up as nonprofits that were publicly funded. But if you looked right kind of on the outskirts of them, the couple that had started them had essentially created a series of businesses or nonprofits that were doing business with their own schools. So for instance, this couple rented a lot of their own properties they owned. They were their own landlords.

They owned buildings that then they rented to the schools, so they were getting that income.

Exactly. And there were other ways they were getting income. The woman who ran these schools, her husband was hired on as a project manager for about $500,000 to oversee the construction of a new campus. When they wanted to bring in cafeteria meals for their students, they hired one of their own organizations. So this was public money that was coming into these schools, but the couple that ran them was financially benefiting from it.

turn 1 : "loopholes in California's charter school system" - The literal meaning of "loopholes" is gaps or flaws in a system or law that can be exploited. However, the implied meaning is that the charter school system in California has structural weaknesses that allow for abuses and inconsistencies in regulation.

How would you describe the regulating system of California's charter schools? (Answer: fragmented)

Answer: fragmented


What does it mean to have a populist party and right-wing party win the parliamentary majority?

Oh, it's a very simple answer to a difficult question. We don't know. It's an experiment, not only for Italy, for the whole of Europe. I mean, for Italy today, June the Second is like the 14th of July in the United States. It's our birthday. The Italian Republic was born 72 years ago in 1946, and we never had anything like that. You know, the 5-Star are closer with sort of South American populist movement.

Yeah.

You know, you have good and bad over there. And the Northern League is a right-wing party. What will they do together?I don't know. I wish them luck.

turn 1 : The outcome of the parliamentary election is uncertain, and it is difficult to predict what will happen next

Which party won the parliamentary majority?

Answer: None


I know I'm going to get emails, perhaps you too, from people who say, look, I am an agnostic or an atheist really specifically because I thought organized religion had a hand in racializing in our society and a history with slavery and has not had a good effect on U. S.  history.

Sure. I'm not in any way suggesting in this article that I'm telling people that they need to go to religious services. I do think we know that civic connection more broadly tends to help people weather difficulties in their lives. There are many other ways other than doing it through religious institutions.

It just happens that the church has been probably the most central form of civic engagement that Americans have had. And so when Americans disengage from church, for many of them that essentially becomes de facto disengaging from any civic institution. It's not like they're replacing church with some other form of civic institution that might fill some of that same function.

Peter Beinart of The Atlantic. Thanks so much for being with us.

turn 2 : (3) Stating that when Americans disengage from church, they are not replacing it with another form of civic institution implies that there is no other source of civic engagement that could provide the same benefits that church once did.

How does disengagement from church affect civic engagement in America?

Answer: Civic


I'm great. So, you were hearing about Dr.  Maxwell and her approach to sex and sexuality in the discussion between parents and kids. How do you think that conversation changes when you're talking about teen to teen?

Well, I think it's much better teen to teen because most of the teenagers, they kind of don't listen to their parents or adults. They think they don't know what they're talking about. And when you hear it from your friend or peer, they kind of take it more seriously. They're like, oh, I didn't know that. You know, and they believe it more.

Give me an example of a conversation - well, first of all, tell us what it means to do peer education. What kind of, you know, a space are you in?How many people are you talking to?Just give us a visual for that.

Well, a teen advocate is basically a teenager's resource. We help teens who have questions or concerns regarding sex, sexuality, dating relationships, dating violence and so on. And I kind of speak to roughly about three to four teenagers a day, and I'm constantly giving advice. We reach out to teens in our classrooms, community centers, MySpace, Facebook. We do everything from performing skits to community outreach to talking one-on-one with the teens. And because we care so much and our only concern is keeping teens healthy and safe, we advocate. Once a year we go up to Albany and lobby to legislators to pass the Healthy Teens Act,which is a piece of legislation that provides resources for schools to - that give comprehensive sex education.

turn 1 : Teenagers are more likely to take advice from peers than adults

What piece of legislation does the teen advocate lobby for in Albany once a year?

Answer: Healthy


Absolutely. And that's one of the great things about being digital. The librarians' time can be dedicated to working with our students in a teaching role. So a large part of my job and my colleagues' jobs includes being in the classroom, working with the students, showing them how to organize their information digitally.

It was irresistible. I thought about a couple of my favorite books - Ben Hecht, "A Child Of The Century" and Edwin O'Connor's wonderful novel, "The Last Hurrah. "There are no e-editions, at least for the moment. So if a student at Florida Polytechnic wanted to read those books, what would he or she have to do?

The student could find that book through our integrated library system. And let's say it was available here at Florida State University. They could request that the book be sent from Florida State to Florida Polytechnic.

So I'm going to guess that you're familiar with libraries that have what we call stacks?

turn 1 : The implied meaning of turn (2) is that the speaker was tempted to find out if it was possible for the student to access the books they mentioned.

What was the book recommended by PersonB that is not available in e-editions?

Answer: The-Last-Hurrah


It's too late by then.

. . . but I think nobody has tried it with the pickled kind.

OK.  We got a minute left. Tell us about the weekly newspaper column. You talked about a recent one about the laws of stupidity. Quickly, do tell that to us, quickly.

Yeah, yeah. Well, this is something done by an Italian economist about 30 or 40 years ago. His name is Cipolla, and he wrote the little piece to be funny, but it's also quite true. He called it "The Basic Laws of Human Stupidity," and these laws boiled down to very few things. One is that there are more stupid people around than anybody will ever estimate accurately. And the other is that there's nothing you can do about them, other than become aware of it. They just are a fact and you better deal with the fact that they're not going to go away, and that there is no point to trying to accommodate them. There's no way you're going to prevent them continuing to be stupid.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using a sarcastic or ironic tone to convey their true feelings or opinions about the situation, without explicitly stating them.

Which tone may the speaker be using in turn 3?

Answer: Sarcastic


So him and two of his friends were watching Anwar al-Awlaki videos online. And they decided they were going to go join primarily the Taliban. And they traveled to Pakistan. When they got there, they met a number of different connectors and ended up with - actually, with al-Qaida. And al-Qaida realized the benefit of these three Americans that were there. And they sent them back to commit an attack here.

There seems to be real agreement between prosecutors and the judge that Zazi is a changed man. What happened?

Yeah, so when Zazi got picked up in the fall of 2009, he immediately started cooperating. And from then on, for the last 10 years or so, he's cooperated against a number of high-profile trials in the U. S.  - the third in command in al-Qaida, another American and a British operative. He cooperated with law enforcement over 100 times, did interviews there. They described his cooperation as extraordinary, some of the best they've seen in terrorism trials.

Do we know why?

turn 1 : Zazi did not change physically but changed his personality.

Answer: Personality


(Laughter) There might be. You know, they're a team that plays an entertaining brand of hockey. Their head coach, John Tortorella, is entertainment in and of himself, sometimes a blustery, yelling guy. So there is something scrappy about this team. And there's also something scrappy about this franchise. They've been around for a very long time, and this is the first time that they've even won three games in a playoff series.

Can they keep this going?

I think so. There's no reason that this team can't beat anybody if they can beat one of the single greatest hockey teams in the regular season that the NHL has ever seen in over a hundred years.

Greg Wyshynski is senior NHL writer for ESPN and co-host for the fantastically named Puck Soup podcast. Thank you for speaking with us.

turn 0 : Turn (1) has an example of a phrase whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning. When the speaker says "their head coach, John Tortorella, is entertainment in and of himself," they mean that John Tortorella is very entertaining to watch or listen to, rather than that he is a form of media or content.

Which phrase from turn 0 has a figurative meaning instead of a literal meaning?

Answer: Entertainment


I do. I hope I give them - my songs give them a reason to wake up, you know, and think about what is going on in the world. And hopefully they resonate with the audience, the people who are hearing them. I've always hoped from the time we started singing the freedom songs that our songs - was singing them to make a difference. You know, make a better place. Help somebody instead of hurting somebody. You know, so much we could do to make it better.

Well, it's such a delight to speak with you again. I am so excited that I get the chance to talk with you about this new album. You know I'm going to put you on the spot and ask you if you have a favorite.

All of these songs, Michel. I love every one. But I do love "Heavy On My Mind. "

(Singing) We did everything we could to slow this world down. Now my love is in the ground.

turn 0 : wake up implies for the persons to come back to their normal senses and not to dull or be fulled anymore

Which song does PersonA sing a stanza from in turn 3?

Answer: Heavy


You know, it can be a little dangerous at times. A lot of times you're setting your ladder in the ice and you're looking for a dry spot to put the ladder. And sometimes you use a van and you try to back the van up or at least get the tire up against the ladder so that you don't have any chance of that ladder skipping out on you. And, you know, in the elements, you get a little hasty sometimes 'cause you're in a hurry. And that's where, you know, you've still got to take your time. At its coldest is when you're at your busiest. I've been out 12, 13, 14-hour days before. You learn to dress for it.

How do you dress for a 14-hour day in let's say 25-degree temperatures?

Well, it can be tricky because there's times you're coming into a warm building, and you're way overdressed, and you begin to sweat. And if you start to sweat, it can be really bad when you go back out in the elements 'cause now you're really cold so you need to bring some dry socks. Usually, I'll wear some thermals. I'll wear multiple layers, and I'll take layers off, put layers back on.

What about this method for keeping your hands warm?(Blows on hands).

turn 1 : The literal meaning of (2) is asking for advice on what to wear in cold temperatures. The implied meaning is to show a genuine interest in understanding the best way to dress for such weather.

Answer: Interest


I asked Groff, who you will know from her own short story collection "Florida" and her novel "Fates And Furies" - I asked her how Nancy Hale went from someone with dozens and dozens of stories in The New Yorker to someone we forgot about.

You know, I don't know definitively. It's very hard to tell. I think part of it is that her stories are very quiet and very elegant, and she's possibly not fashionable at the moment - her style of writing. But I find her incredibly fascinating. She creates these lines that are full of a humming electricity. And her structures are so deep and so thoughtful that you don't really understand what you're reading until maybe a couple of days later when you realize exactly the craft that went into creating her short stories.

And they span the gamut. Some of them are highly lyrical. Other ones are satirical and very funny. So we did put together this collection of 25 short stories. They're all interesting in their own way. And you can sort of see the development of a writer over the course of decades.

Right. No, absolutely. You can feel - she's obviously, as you would expect, writing very different things than - in her later years than she was as a very young writer. How did you pick the stories that you landed on out of the many, many ones she wrote?

turn 1 : She creates lines of written work in stories that sound good and have a great deal of emotion. Also, the way she writes her stories has a great deal of meaning.

Which element of Nancy Hale's writing style is highlighted by A?

Answer: Craft


You know, there were a handful of people who did voice displeasure with some of the proposals mainly because of what they felt like was ambiguity in the language. But generally I think that there was a sense of relief a little bit within the room but also an acknowledgment that what they put forward today and what they're working on is by no means a final solution to this problem.

I mean, the leaders acknowledged that. They also briefly kind of acknowledged the fears and skepticism of this group of survivors and activists who have been calling for more drastic action for more than a decade now. So while there was relief and, I think, a little bit of a feeling of accomplishment, I think there are many people in the room who know that this issue is far from over, and they're going to have to do more.

And what about outside the convention center?I gather there have been demonstrations going on. Have you been able to get out and speak to anybody outside?

Yeah, so there's a group of survivors, activists, and they're really - they've been - they're kind of the core group of people who for decades now have been asking for reforms and really warning about this issue. And so while they kind of acknowledge that this is a good step in the direction, there really are some - they - you know, they view it as a systemic and institutional issue that isn't going to be fixed with a few pronouncements and resolutions and new committees.

turn 1 : Although leaders acknowledged activists' fears, more drastic actions are still needed to solve the issue.

What was the issue that the activists have been warning about for decades?

Answer: Institutional


That's what won, finally, the attention of the old man. And only when he was tough did the old man respect him. And I think when his father became incapacitated, Bobby began to resort to who he was as a kid. As a kid, he was - he hung around all the time with African-American kids. Those were his playmates, even in Hyannis. He was - he, you know, Father Feeney - when Father Feeney said no salvation outside the Catholic Church, he railed against that, which was so extraordinary in that very Catholic family.

You know, Ralph Bunche - he insisted that that great African-American statesman get to speak to a integrated audience at UVA when he was in charge of the lecture series down there. There's all kinds of evidence of Bobby in the beginning being a liberal in the best sense of that word. And I think it just came more to life after Jack was gone and after the old man was out of action.

Will American voters these days - and donors and journalists, for that matter - let a public figure change in public the way Robert Kennedy did?

Well, I think the hardest thing for him - and to me, the sweetest part of the book - was his evolution on Joe McCarthy. There's no doubt that he loved the guy. It came through right to the end when he was driving in the car at National Airport. And Kathleen, his young daughter, said he was so stricken by the news that McCarthy had just drank himself to death at Bethesda Naval Hospital that he drove around the airport three times. He was just distraught.

turn 3 : (4) There's no doubt that he loved the guy.It came through right to the end when he was driving in the car at National Airport.And Kathleen, his young daughter, said he was so stricken by the news that McCarthy had just drank himself to death at Bethesda Naval Hospital that he drove around the airport three times.He was just distraught.

How was Robert Kennedy feeling when he heard the news about McCarthy's death?

Answer: distraught


Is this a book about how someone becomes a terrorist?

In part. I talk about this as a sort of - as a Genesis moment for the book. But I remember distinctly I was watching this interview with a foreign affairs expert. And it was in the wake of the - there had been these sort of protests in an Afghan village against the U. S.  military presence in Afghanistan.

And the interviewer's question was something along the lines of, why do they hate us so much?And as part of his answer, this expert noted that sometimes the U. S.  forces have to go conduct these nighttime raids in these villages. And when they do this, they'll sometimes have to hold the women and children up at gunpoint. And they'll tear the places apart. And then he added, you know, in Afghan culture, this sort of thing is considered very offensive.

And I thought, you know, name me one culture on earth that wouldn't consider this sort of thing offensive?And so part of the book is - has to do with this idea that we all suffer the same way, and we become damaged by suffering in the same way regardless of which part of the world we grew up in or what we believe.

turn 1 : The literal meaning: The speaker mentions that they discuss this as a significant starting point or origin for the book. The implied meaning: The speaker suggests that this event plays a crucial role in shaping the themes or direction of the book.

How does the speaker describe the role of the event in shaping the book?

Answer: Shaping


Correct. These are not embryonic stem cells. These are what we would call neural stem cells. In other words, these are stem cells that come from the nervous system.

And why - and, I guess, you give them a little - they have a little head start knowing they're going to be neurons from being injected.

Exactly. Well, they, you know, they have a head start in knowing at least that they're meant to be living in the nervous system, which means that there's a little bit of built-in safety and stability that may not quite exist in cells. They can become and kind cell to.

And how long are they effective for in the life of the mice they're injected into?

turn 2 : Neural stem cells have a better chance of becoming healthy cells.

How do neural stem cells compare to other stem cells in terms of health?

Answer: Better


Thank you.

What did you see when you drove through that deep water?What did you do?

It was just devastation everywhere. I mean, it looked like a lake. It looks like a lake in the middle of the neighborhood. You can't even fathom it.

Do you remember some of the people you were able to help?

turn 1 : This is a polite way of saying thank you for the help provided.

Which turn did PersonA use to express their gratitude for the assistance given?

Answer: Turn-1


After they rejected President Obama's opening offer, Republicans issued a proposal of their own yesterday, which was promptly dismissed by the White House. One group that's already worked out a series of compromises to come up with a comprehensive proposal is a nonpartisan group called Fix the Debt. It emerged from the Simpson-Bowles Commission. Its ideas include higher taxes on the wealthy and tax reform, plus changes to Social Security and Medicare.

Former Republican Senator Pete Domenici serves on the steering committee of Fix the Debt, co-chairs the Debt Reduction Task Force at the Bipartisan Policy Center, and he joins us now by phone from his office in Washington, D. C. , and it's good of you to be with us today.

Thank you very much, Neal. I do want to clarify now, I'm not - I'm associated with the Bipartisan Policy Center. We put out our budget for use by the team working for the White House and the Republicans. It's not the same as the one you just announced.

All right.

turn 3 : They are just acknowledging the person's answer

Which action did PersonB take towards PersonA's clarification in turn 2?

Answer: alright


You don't see anything problematic with the underlying facts - the fact that, according to the unclassified transcript released by the White House, immediately after the Ukrainian president talks about buying more Javelin missiles, the president is asking Zelenskiy to do him a favor, though - his words - and then he turns the conversation to investigating former Vice President Joe Biden and his son. You have no problem with that.

Yeah, that is not an accurate description of the transcript. I've read the transcript. I've read the whistleblower account. And in neither one of those documents is there something that appears to be high crimes and misdemeanors, which is what the Founding Fathers created the impeachment process to account for to begin with. It should only be used in extraordinary circumstances to impeach a president for high crimes and misdemeanors. I have yet to hear an account by any Democrat on Capitol Hill of where the high crimes and misdemeanors are found in the whistleblower account or the transcript.

OK.  That would be an interpretation of those facts, though. Just let me be very clear. I'm just reading from the transcript. I have it in front of me, and my rendering of it is entirely accurate. What we're talking about here is what the interpretation should be of that and isn't that what the inquiry is for?

Well, I would love to hear you read the part of the transcript that would indict the president of high crimes and misdemeanors. I mean, it's not there.

turn 1 : They read the account from the person that made public the illegal deads of the government.

How did PersonA describe the documents related to the impeachment inquiry?

Answer: extraordinary


You've probably seen the signs in pharmacies now - flu shots here. You can buy shampoo, deodorant, nasal spray, M&M's and a flu shot. But if you're of a certain demographic, you might consider waiting a while before you get that shot. Here's some advice from Dr.  Laura Haynes, a professor of immunology at the University of Connecticut.

The best time for most people to get the flu vaccine would be in October. If you're a little bit older and over 65, I would say between Halloween and Thanksgiving.

Why should older people wait a month or more?Dr.  Haynes says. . .

Their immune response isn't as good to the vaccine. So the protection that's induced wanes more quickly. So therefore, you'd want to wait a little bit longer than you would if you were a younger adult. That way, you're protected throughout the majority of the really bad flu season, which happens from, say, January to April.

turn 1 : (2) - Waiting a month or more is recommended for people over 65, not waiting until Halloween or Thanksgiving.

What is the recommended age for waiting a little bit longer to get the flu vaccine?

Answer: 65