Yeah. Millions of dollars. And they actually - the Coogan Law at this moment though actually only protects about 15 percent of a child's earning. And so there's a whole 85 percent that goes somewhere else. And the parents can use it for various things. And the child can use it but, you know, when you're a child you're not going to make most sound financial decisions.

And you end up seeing a lot of child stars actually growing up and getting emancipated from their parents because they don't like the way that their parents have handled their money. And there are other loopholes around it too, like they can appear - they have to appear in front of a court to say that they can do this. But the ones who don't appear in front of a court, they don't have to necessarily pay attention to those rules. And there are a lot of loopholes and sadly there are lot of parents using their kids to make money.

Well, Mara Wilson, thank you very much for your time today. We appreciate your insight. I love the picture of Alfred Hitchcock, who you say once described actors as cattle. And your line, please?

That would make child actors veal.

turn 3 : She believes that child actors are like cattle to be used by others.

What does PersonA compare child actors to?

Answer: Meat


Well, CCH Pounder, great to talk to you.

Thank you.

CCH Pounder is an actor and gallery owner. Her space in Los Angeles is called the Pounder-Kone Art Space, and she joined me right here in the studios of NPR West in Culver City.

That's our show for today. Thank you for sharing your time with us. To listen to the show or subscribe to our podcast, visit our website nprnewsandnotes. org. To join the conversation or sign up for our newsletter, visit our blog at nprnewsandviews. org.

turn 2 : sharing your time with us implies listening to the show

Which phrase suggests listening to the show?

Answer: sharing


That will not happen. The Senate will not seat Roland Burris tomorrow, barring some major change of heart on the part of the Senate Democratic leaders. They feel that, as they had said back in December, that anyone appointed by Rod Blagojevich, who was, of course, accused of holding a kind of auction for this Senate seat to the highest bidder, anyone appointed by that governor would not be acceptable to them.

And they haven't changed their minds even though they have said repeatedly they have no objection to Roland Burris in particular to take that job. So one assumes that they will stand by that tomorrow and that Burris's appointment, that is to say his seating, will be delayed probably for a matter of several weeks.

Very briefly, Ron, the latest in the impeachment proceedings against Illinois Governor Rod Blagojevich, where do they stand?

State House committee on impeachment today reviewing a 54-page document reviewing all the accusations against Rod Blagojevich. We expect them to vote on impeachment this week, probably Friday.

turn 0 : The Senate Democratic leaders will not approve Roland Burris as a senator because he was appointed by Rod Blagojevich, who was accused of selling the Senate seat to the highest bidder.

What is the reason for the Senate Democratic leaders' objection to Roland Burris?

Answer: Appointment.


Well, Katie Couric is set to interview Sarah Palin, so we're taking folks' questions. We want to know what they think Katie Couric should ask. We've got video interviews with singer Eric Benet and Glynn Turman who won an Emmy over the weekend.

He did.

Yeah, we're going to revisit that video. And we have more video interviews coming up with the cast of Spike Lee's "Miracle at St. Anna. "

Oh, sounds like some good stuff.

turn 0 : People are being asked to suggest questions for Katie Couric's interview with Sarah Palin.

Which interview is PersonA asking PersonB about in turn 2?

Answer: Couric's


It doesn't, really. I mean, I have obviously no view on his guilt or innocence. But, I mean, abuse can be perpetrated by anybody in any walk of life. And rank does not guarantee that somebody will not be an abuser of children.

What do you think it says about how much progress the Catholic Church has made in fighting abuse by the clergy?

I think it shows progress in one area. And that is that civil authorities now are not reluctant to charge any member of the clergy. There's not that deference there was in the past. And that's a good change. As far as the actual church itself, there is still a reluctance. I mean, even in this case, the church guidelines themselves - most guidelines say that if a priest is accused of abuse, he must step down from his position on the accusation, must be investigated. But the accusations against Cardinal Pell were known months ago. And yet he was allowed to remain in his position until he was actually charged.

You've met with Pope Francis. How committed do you think he is to doing what's necessary?

turn 3 : "How committed do you think he is to doing what's necessary?" - the literal meaning is asking about the level of commitment of Pope Francis to take necessary actions. The implied meaning is that there are actions that need to be taken to address abuse within the Catholic Church, and it is unclear if Pope Francis is fully committed to taking those actions.

What is the implied meaning behind "How committed do you think he is to doing what's necessary?"

Answer: Actions


It is very unusual. So we found out in a backhanded sort of way and then called up the Pentagon to say - hey, is this true?Have you guys not released that money?Yeah, well, it is. Well, why?And they didn't have an answer to that question.

All right. So let me fast-forward us along on our timeline to August 30. You wrote a letter on that date to Mick Mulvaney, the head of the Office of Management and Budget - OMB - also acting White House chief of staff.

Yeah. We wanted to have as much force behind the letter as possible, so we did it in a bipartisan way with me and ranking member Thornberry, the ranking Republican on the Armed Services Committee. We sent off the letter saying, you know, please release the money, and please tell us why you're holding it up.

Yeah, I've got this letter in front of me. It's straightforward, one page. (Reading) Please inform the committee why these funds are being held and when they will be released.

turn 0 : They found out the information in an indirect way from people not involved.

Which committee did PersonA and Thornberry send the letter to?

Answer: Committee


As I say, I'm not doubting too much that Iran had a hand in this thing. Their motive is I think quite clear. We are in the middle of a signaling process that is going on. The United States is actually cracking down on Iran so that, basically, Iran not only can't sell oil. It can't sell its refined products. And, increasingly, Iran's closed out of international markets for just about anything that they produce.

So we are basically putting Iran under siege, and they're going to try to strike back at some point. So if I were sitting in Iran and thinking about what I could do, making the cost of oil higher for the rest of the world is a pretty interesting way of responding and saying, you can't do this cost-free.

Where do you see this going?Given that you've identified that the administration is engaged in a policy of trying to isolate Iran, diplomatically and economically, to achieve what it would consider better terms in the Iran nuclear deal - so is there any scenario in which you can see this tactic bringing Iran back to the negotiating table?

If the United States wants to do that, they're not going to succeed by just piling on the pressure until Iran collapses. Iran won't collapse. They've been through some very tough times - including a war with Iraq, which was far more dangerous to them than the threats that we're putting against them now - and they didn't crack.

turn 1 : The United States' policy of isolating Iran will not bring Iran back to the negotiating table by just piling on pressure until Iran collapses.

What tactic will not bring Iran back to the negotiating table?

Answer: Pressure


Good morning, Linda.

Who is Loretta Lynch, and does she have the chops to do this huge job?

Linda, she's been the U. S.  attorney in Brooklyn twice - once during the Obama administration now and previously during the Clinton years. And this district she covers serves 8 million people. It's huge. So she has a really long record of prosecuting people, including policemen who brutalized Haitian immigrant Abner Louima back in 1997, a lot of old-school mobsters in Brooklyn and Queens, the man who tried to bomb the New York City subway system a few years ago who had ties to al-Qaida, and more recently, Linda, Congressman Michael Grimm, a Republican from Staten Island who she's prosecuting on fraud charges. Grimm was just reelected. He pleaded not guilty in that case.

Now lots of lawyers were lining up to lead the Justice Department. So why did the White House decide to go with Lynch?

turn 1 : have the chops to do this implies does she have the skills and abilities to do this

How has Loretta Lynch's experience prepared her for the job? (Answer: skills/abilities)

Answer: Skills


So after more than a week of protesting, it seems like you may be about to get what you've been asking for. There's a deal to sell the mine and money set aside to pay back wages. Does that mean you're heading home?

No. It's a step in the right direction. What's been set aside is like probably around 35, 40% of back wages on that. And they decided that they won't stay until we've been fully reimbursed.

The deal has set aside about $450,000 of an estimated 2 1/2 million that are owed to the miners.

Right. Right. That's the deal. That's Kopper Glo stepping up.

You know, some local officials have said you're actually depriving yourselves of money by blocking the tracks because you are blocking coal that would otherwise get sold. What do you say to that?

turn 1 : The amount set aside for wages is insufficient.

Answer: $450,000


Yeah.

And when you see him and you're an American and you see that, you're like I did that. I can't run and hide and say that I don't have some kind of responsibility in that.

Yeah. How long did this take you to write?

You know, originally I tried to write a book actually about an American nurse during the American war there and I worked on that for maybe a couple of years. And I realized that that book I was working on should really just be a memoir. And the truth is that there are memoirs written by American nurses and doctors. And so I went back to Vietnam in 2010. And when I was there, that's when I discovered for the first time this story about a woman named Phan Thi Bich Hang, who is the, quote-unquote, "official psychic of Vietnam. "She was bitten by a rabid dog when she was 5 years old. And when she came out of her coma, she could hear the voices of the dead. And the government actually uses her to help them find the remains of soldiers and other people who are historically prominent in Vietnam.

turn 3 : "And the truth is that there are memoirs written by American nurses and doctors." The speaker is not necessarily asserting that this statement is objectively true, but rather using it as a way to transition from discussing their own failed writing project to their discovery of a new topic.

How did the speaker transition to discussing their discovery of a new topic?

Answer: Transition


Well, I think a lot of people think after such a long stretch of economic growth, we're due for a recession. It's often said by economists that expansions don't die of old age. They have to be murdered, usually by the Fed or financial crisis.

(Laughter).

So that might happen. There are some warning signs out there. We had a bad job market report. We'll get more - another glimpse of the job market report at the end of this week. Manufacturing is soft. But one thing that's interesting is some people worry that long periods of steady growth, low rates and rising stock prices breed complacency, and that could end badly.

OK, David. Thanks so much. That's David Wessel.

turn 0 : long stretch in this context means a long era

Which word is used to describe the length of the economic growth period in turn 0?

Answer: Long


Am I wrong to see in this novel a theme that the relics we worship are often no more than making a choice among frauds?

You know, Frederick - he had 19,000 of these things.

Yeah.

You know, everything. Frederick was called Frederick the Wise. This was a very learned man. And you think, well, wait, you know, how could he have really thought this was, you know, the - a strand of Jesus's hair or a piece of straw?And the answer is, I suspect he didn't in his heart of hearts, but his - the overriding theology, if you will, was I think he thought that if relics make people more pious, where's the harm?I'm attracted to that notion. If it - if belief in a, you know, a bone leads you to praying to be a better person - how quickly I descend into truism - where's the harm?

turn 1 : The worship of relics may be based on false beliefs, but it can still be beneficial if it encourages people to be more pious.

How can the worship of relics be beneficial?

Answer: Pious


I think it's really important to say that scientists are really late to the party. Science has been under attack for a long time. And really, what's happened is that scientists are scared to engage with politics. They're worried about looking biased. They're worried about their funding. But really that's been a terrible strategy. It's meant that bad science policy decisions have been made.

But would you be holding this march, do you think, if it were President Hillary Clinton in the White House?

I think there is a catalyst in seeing how intense the attacks are right now. We have to acknowledge that, yes.

Are there specific goals you all are trying to achieve in terms of advancing one policy or another?

turn 0 : late to the party implies that the scientists engaged with the issue after most people

What has been the scientists' major concern regarding engaging with politics according to turn 0?

Answer: Looking


Passe blanc - it's a phrase well-known in color-conscious corners of the black community. American literature is chock full of stories of light-skinned black folks passing for white. But, whites passing for black?That's a phenomena not so well mapped. History has provided us with examples of white entertainers in black face, and white artist performing black music form from R&B to rap. But, whites who have actually sought to become blacks, some of them successfully, is the subject of a new and fascinating book by Baz Dreisinger, excuse me. It's called "Near Black: White to Black, Passing in American Culture. "Baz, welcome to News &Notes.

Thanks for having me.

You call whites passing as blacks "white passers. "Central to this notion of white passing is proximity as you say in the book, let's talk about what you mean. Is that like blackness rubbing off on people?

It is, really. It starts in the 19th century as a kind of anxiety about black becoming closer to white, sometimes physically, sometimes metaphorically with the end of slavery, and it transforms into this notion that somehow, proximity to blackness has a kind of contagious character. And contagion is a metaphor that's used quite often in the narratives, and in the discourse surrounding white people passing for black, that the idea that being close can somehow transform one's racial identity.

turn 2 : The culture and character of black people can be obtained from them if you get too close

Which notion is central to the idea of "white passing"?

Answer: Proximity


Basically, this conflict, it stems from a power struggle between two very big people in South Sudan, the president, Salva Kiir, and his former vice president, Riek Machar. You have two guys who couldn't be more different. Kiir's this former commander from the independence struggle, a man of few words, in his ubiquitous black cowboy hat. And Machar is a smooth-talking, British-educated guy with a green philosophy who happens to be a huge fan of Karl Rove.

Now, besides being different personalities, these guys are also different tribes. And the tribal aspect of this conflict is what's triggered the most horrific aspects of this war. That's the violence that the pre-genocide label gets attached to.

The United States has a lot at stake in South Sudan. It helped create the nation, first under President Bush and then President Obama in 2011. What's Secretary of State Kerry proposing?

Well, Secretary Kerry has been talking about this idea of a transitional government. It's kind of - if you remember, back in January they tried a ceasefire that was disrespected by both sides because it told people to stop fighting. It didn't address why they were fighting, which was to control the government.

turn 3 : The literal meaning of this turn is that Secretary Kerry has been talking about the idea of a transitional government. The implied meaning is that Kerry is proposing a new government as a way to address the root of the conflict and end the fighting.

How does Secretary Kerry plan to address the root of the conflict in South Sudan?

Answer: Transitional


Well, no. There is no sign of that yet. They cannot do everything the Trump administration wants because, as we've discussed before, we are asking for structural changes that are at the core of the Chinese Communist Party's governance of China. So they - no, they cannot do that.

And they're entering, remember, a very sensitive political season. You've got the 30th anniversary of the Tiananmen Massacre coming up. They need to look strong. Xi Jinping puts himself forward as sort of the all-knowing, all-powerful leader of China. And he has to seem that it - to be defending the interest of the Chinese people.

So what are the risks to the United States, if continuing to raise tariffs, if it doesn't push China to make a deal?

Well, all of these tariffs cost the American people. President Trump repeatedly says that China is simply transferring money to American coffers. But there are numerous academic studies which indicate that these costs are being borne by the American importers and increasingly by American consumers.

And China is going to be very careful when it retaliates to target consumers in sectors in the United States that are supportive of President Trump. They've already done this in targeting soybeans. They're very deft politically, and that's what they'll continue to do. So they are going to make him politically pay a price. And American consumers will pay as well.

turn 4 : China will retaliate by targeting American consumers and make President Trump politically pay a price

What will China do in retaliation and to whom will they target to make President Trump pay a political price?

Answer: Target,Consumers


Sure, Scott.

Russia's been taking over bases in Crimea all this week following the referendum. Was this expected?Were there any signs of resistance, near as you can tell?

There were signs of resistance. So, just to give you a sense, so this was an airbase - the tarmac area was taken weeks ago. That was in the initial occupation by Russian forces. This part of the base is where the soldiers and the pilots lived, and lived with their families. There were houses, apartments right around there. So not a strategic area but certainly symbolic. And all these bases had a deadline of yesterday. This base missed that deadline; they had an ultimatum of today to evacuate the base or be stormed.

Significantly, this was one of the few bases that did announce their intention to fight. We're not sure what that would lead to, whether it would lead to death. And this is all because of the commander. Very interesting guy named Yuli Montir(ph), who became famous for a YouTube video that he put up, saying that he'd stand until he heard from Kiev, which has not given any information to these soldiers as to what they're supposed to do. Whether they're supposed to evacuate, evacuate or fight. And so when the Russians did come, it was very expected. They came today and the attack was very swift. Military people describe it as very professional. It was clearly designed to minimize casualties, and it seems to have done so. In fact, an ambulance followed the tank that crashed open the gate today.

turn 2 : (3) has an implied meaning different from its literal meaning. The speaker is describing a military base that was not strategically important but was taken over by Russian forces because it was symbolic. The base was given an ultimatum to evacuate, but the soldiers and pilots chose to stay and fight. The speaker describes the situation as "very expected," which implies that similar events have occurred before.

How would you describe the situation at the military base based on the PersonA's tone?

Answer: Expected


Mm-hmm. I'm Ira Flatow. This is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR, talking with Anthony Leiserowitz of the - he's the director of the Yale Project on Climate Change Communication at Yale. How can you follow up with this?Can you keep coming up with new polls so we can follow this?

Oh, absolutely. We'll be doing this at least twice a year and, of course, we have lots of other colleagues around the country that are also surveying on this exact same topics.

And will we know if this does move into the - more into the political discourse as well as the public discourse?

Well, I think we'll see it. I mean, first of all, you can see it in the amount of - number of times that the president talks about this, that candidate Mitt Romney talks about this, as well as across the board. I mean, remember, it's not just the presidential election. There are some Senate races and congressional races all over this country. And what we're seeing is that a lot of people are beginning to ask the question about climate change.

turn 2 : The discussion about climate change is not only limited to public discourse, but it is also a significant topic in political discourse, including presidential, Senate, and congressional races.

How is the topic of climate change being discussed in politics?

Answer: Political


This is News and Notes. I'm Farai Chideya.

For decades, the Big Three auto companies have been an integral part of the U. S.  economy. Now those companies are struggling to survive and pleading for a federal bailout. General Motors, Ford and Chrysler have until Tuesday to submit a restructuring plan to Congress. For more, we've got Jerome Vaughn. He's the news program director for WDET in Detroit, Michigan. Jerome, great to have you back on the show.

Thanks. Glad to be with you.

So what we've been hearing a lot about is basically just a failure of these negotiations to move forward. Before we get to the nuts and bolts of it, from an economic level, how are people in Detroit dealing with what appears to be a reluctance on the part of the federal government to really enter into a bailout?

turn 3 : The federal government is hesitant to provide financial assistance to the struggling auto industry.

What is the reason behind the auto companies' struggle?

Answer: Financial


Short word - yes. That is exactly what happened. And that includes in regular order a lot of backroom negotiation. And there is no guarantee of success for all of that, but at least if people know that they are back to what they need to do and know how to do best, sure, we could be right back here in three weeks with the difference being this far smaller chance of a shutdown. Now, they really ought to be able to do what they do best in that period of time, but if not, the president will be back in the same poker game with a far weaker hand than the one he just folded this week.

Roger Stone, one of the president's closest friends, a longtime adviser, of course was arrested yesterday, charged with lying to Congress, witness tampering, among other things. What does this tell us about the Mueller investigation?

It tells us that investigation is as robust as ever and moving forward. The former CIA chief, John Brennan, said yesterday he expects many more indictments in the weeks ahead, including some people who are household names. Now, the Mueller team is closely following the performance of some other actors like Paul Manafort, an old business partner of Roger Stone's. They say he has not followed through with the factual and truthful testimony he promised when he pled guilty on several counts last year. So that's another space to be watching.

Report from NBC this week - Jared Kushner got his security clearance only after administration officials overruled career security specialists. What do you make of this?

turn 0 : backroom negotiation means that the negotiation was done in secret.

Which term describes negotiations that were done secretly?

Answer: Backroom


And then, from that point, he had a great change in his life. Because with that adverse discharge, dishonorable discharge, he wasn't able to secure the kinds of benefits that he wanted to, and he had to overcome that. And I think the great story of his life is what he did afterwards, for the duration of his life and leading his family. He was an ordinary person under remarkable circumstances.

Now unfortunately, he passed away in 1984. So how did you get involved with the case?

Well, it all goes back to Jack Hamann, who is an author who wrote the book. He did some research, he found out, he's from the Seattle-Fort Lawton area. Discovered there was something very unusual in terms of the courts martial, and then sought to investigate the matter. And when he did, he uncovered, essentially, just a tremendous miscarriage of justice, very well documented. He researched it, he published the book.

And at that time, the family members came forward as he did more and more research in terms of trying to find and locate the individuals. And from there, I became involved when the - last September, when Congressman McDermott's office asked me to assist some of the individuals with their cases before the Army Board for Correction of Military Records. And that's how I, for example, got to know the Townsell family.

turn 2 : "tremendous miscarriage of justice" implies that something really wrong happened, not that a physical miscarriage happened.

What did the author uncover during his investigation?

Answer: Injustice


Yeah. And the police have actually been very open about this, and they've done a number of internal investigations. And they believe if everything had gone absolutely properly and correctly, they could've been there 16 minutes earlier. Part of the problem here, though, because they have taken something some - a fair amount of criticism I thought was unfair, They didn't have a plan for this because why would you?I mean, who sits around and dreams up a plan in a country with a miniscule violent crime rate to expect that someone's going to blow up Central Oslo and then drive out to a youth summer camp on an island and start gunning people down?

I mean, that's not going to rank high in the probability scale. There was a fair amount of distance to cover, and they had a problem with the boat. You know, I spent some time with a police officer named Hakon Hval, who was one of the first to respond. He had worked in that district, the North Buskerud District for, I believe, eight years at that point, and he'd never been to Utoya. There had never been a reason to go to Utoya. But he was driving one of the boats, and he turned to pick up some Delta commandos. And when they all got in the boat, the bow of the boat pushed out on some rocks and was grounded. So to get the bow up, they shuffled to the back and the stern just. . .

Flooded the engine, yes.

Yeah.

turn 0 : It is unexpected for a country with low crime rate to experience such a violent crime

How did the police officer named Hakon Hval feel about going to Utoya?

Answer: Never


And it's working. It's really working. So, I think that the new music coming out of Atlanta, the new kids that are coming up are really taking what we did in the past, over the past 20 years, and infusing it with the new, like they're erasing all the boundaries.

I just like to add one thing. Yellow Wolf is also a discovery of Kawan K. P. Prather, who was also at Le Face Records. So, it is like the story continues to. . .

The generations roll on.

Yeah. Yeah, exactly.

turn 0 : The new music coming out of Atlanta is a combination of the old and the new

What is being infused with the new in the new music coming out of Atlanta?

Answer: old


Many Brazilians are angry over millions of dollars that the country has invested in the World Cup and upcoming Olympic Games while millions still live in abject poverty. Yesterday, we asked Brazilian Foreign Minister Antonio Patriota about this issue.

Well, for the first time in our history, we are in the position to eliminate extreme poverty in Brazil, and this thanks to the social programs that were undertaken during the Lula government and now are being intensified and broadened. So Brazil is quickly evolving into a middle-class society. And I think there is a widespread view that they reflect aspirations by citizens who have benefited from rising living standards for improvements in their lives.

But let me renew the question.

On the sports issue, yes. It's not easy to succeed in bringing the World Cup, or the Olympic Games, to your country. And these campaigns, they were based on very widespread popular support. I think it's very important, also, to highlight that these big events are not an end in themselves. As foreign minister, I've been in touch with countries such as the United Kingdom or the Russian Federation, to ensure that the improvement in infrastructure and housing can be converted into urban improvements. Let's also remind ourselves that these big events generate employment. They will bring large number of tourists to Brazil. So, I think that the majority of Brazilian society sees the benefit in hosting these events. Now, if there are views that are critical, I think they deserve to be heard as well, to the extent that they are expressed in a peaceful manner.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker has some reservations or doubts about the situation being discussed.

How did the speaker feel about the situation being discussed?

Answer: Reservations


UNIDENTIFIED SPORTSCASTER #4: And you can just tell the way the big fellow was laughing, he thinks that's it.

. . . But his new book is a tribute to another legend, his coach at UCLA, John Wooden. Their 50-year-long friendship started on the court at Pauley Pavilion and grew over lunch at VIP's Cafe in Tarzana and long afternoons of easy conversation in coach Wooden's den. This week on Out of Bounds, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, author of "Coach Wooden And Me. "He joins me now from NPR West. Welcome so much to the program.

Thank you very much, nice to talk to you.

At the beginning of the book, you write about how you and coach Wooden when you first met were an odd couple sitcom waiting to happen. Tell us about who you were then.

turn 3 : (4) implies that Kareem Abdul-Jabbar and John Wooden were an unlikely pair when they first met.

What was the relationship between Kareem Abdul-Jabbar and John Wooden when they first met?

Answer: unlikely


It must be an interesting history to this whole steganography idea.

Yeah, people certainly have been playing around with this for, you know, thousands of years. And people have been sneaking messages in lots of different things. I mean, personally I was kind of inspired by an Edgar Allan Poe short story, "The Purloined Letter," and that's when I started to think about how you could do it mathematically.

But, you know, people have been, you know, taking this approach for a long time.

I notice that you might be able to - I think the Romans shipped apparent black wax tablets, and then you scrape off the wax, something's in there.

turn 1 : This implies that people have been hiding secret messages within a seemingly innocuous message, image, or other file in a way that is not apparent to anyone who is not the intended recipient for ages.

What technique has been used for ages to hide secret messages within a seemingly innocuous message or file?

Answer: Steganography


I don't think that realistically it means that they could crush them. Of course it would give Assad and his supporters more opportunity to attempt to crush them, but they haven't been able to crush them. And I don't think the balance of fighting over the last several years has been all that favorable to Assad. So I think more likely is an outcome in which there are more casualties, more destruction, more loss of life.

So what's the advantage in a six-month waiting period for a cease-fire?

I don't think they agreed to have a waiting period. I think this is a prognosis - a hopeful prognosis - and that might even entertain the notion that perhaps it could be sooner. I think if the United States and Russia, and Russia using its influence on Syria comes along also, then perhaps there might be more tangible progress in less time than six months.

And what are the common interests, as you see it, that the United States and Russia have in Syria?

turn 2 :  A's actual meaning in this turn is that the United States and Russia, along with Russia's influence on Syria, could potentially make progress on the cease-fire in less than the suggested six-month waiting period.

What is PersonA's hopeful prognosis regarding the waiting period for the cease-fire in Syria?

Answer: Prognosis


In the late '70s and early '80s, the Mutiny Hotel in Miami was the place to be seen and to drop scads of cash. Everyone from Arnold Schwarzenegger to Led Zeppelin to Teddy Kennedy might be found at the Mutiny's exclusive, members-only nightclub. It was a palace of decadence and intrigue, and it quickly became a hub for Miami's exploding cocaine trade. Journalist Roben Farzad charts the rise and fall of the Mutiny in his new book "Hotel Scarface. "Roben, welcome to the program.

Thank you so much for having me.

And Miami is your hometown. Why don't you describe what had become of the Mutiny Hotel when you first saw it when you were a teenager in the early '90s?

I mean, I grew up with much of the rest of the world experiencing Miami Friday nights on "Miami Vice. "That was the it show of the mid-1980s, kind of a Hollywood MTV-ized representation of a lot of the ugliness and cosmopolitan splendor (laughter) that we had of Miami at the same time. But right before I left off for college up north in 1994, I had a job just downtown in Miami, and I was stationed in front of this abandoned building. And, really, for the first time in my life I feel like I was truly, truly haunted.

turn 3 : The abandoned building had a significant impact on the speaker's emotions and thoughts, making them feel haunted.

Which building left an impact on the speaker?

Answer: Mutiny


Yes, sitting out there frozen feet, but it was the best frozen feet I've ever had because of what of happened in front of me. Seeing him take that oath and just seeing the people in that crowd go crazy and all people in wheelchairs would never thought they would see this. Seeing their reaction and seeing the white people their reaction, seeing America and the whole world. I know they will have the same reaction. It's about time.

Here's another quick question for you. I would think, Patti, that UNCF would really stand to be a beneficiary of having someone like Barack Obama in the White House.

That's what I'm saying. And this show airs the same week that this greatness happened to America. And so now people will say, OK, let us help our kids so that they know that they can say I could become the next president.

Here's my last question. I know that you talked a little bit about Jennifer Hudson and she's about to make her first public performance at the Super Bowl.

turn 0 : No one's feet were literally frozen, it just means that it was really cold outside and people's feet felt cold.

How did people feel about seeing Barack Obama take the oath?

Answer: Crazy


Oh, she did, and in such an interesting time. In the '70s, even before Betty Ford had famously stepped forward and talked about her struggles, Joan was convening people who were early thinkers in how to treat people differently. You know, AA had been around, of course, for decades. But there was a movement in the '70s to get people to look at the whole person with alcoholism. And Joan was really passionate about getting the word out.

Yeah. With Ray's death, Joan Kroc became one of the principal philanthropists in America. And she really took that responsibility seriously, didn't she?

She lived large, and she gave large. She felt this almost-burden with the money that she had. And saying she hit the lotto isn't really fair. But - she had this money at her disposal, and she felt obligated to use it in a constructive way. But that's not to say she was ascetic or like a monk. She lived very, very lavishly as well.

Yeah, she'd drip with jewels. She went to nice places. She. . .

turn 2 : Joan felt a sense of responsibility with the money she had and was determined to use it for good causes. She was not averse to living lavishly.

How did Joan view her responsibility with the money she had?

Answer: Responsibility


The resignation of Michael Flynn as national security adviser came after leaks from anonymous sources inside the intelligence community. Anonymous sources have always been a source of tips for reporters, but they've been especially prominent in the first days of the Trump administration. Last night, President Trump called the American news media the enemy of the people. NPR's David Folkenflik joins us. David, thanks for being with us.

Always.

When The Washington Post broke this story, they cited nine current and former officials and said they spoke on condition of anonymity. What kind of editorial decision-making goes in to having a report like this appear?

You can be sure that this rocketed up to the very top of the news hierarchy at a newsroom like The Post. Just the very fact that they took nine sources that they clearly went out of their way to try to check, cross-check, double-check and question what they were about to report that the stakes were that high, that the ramifications of what they were going to report would be so significant that they were going to take this very seriously indeed. And I think you can see that by the solidity of the reporting as far as we know so far. And I think that's also a reflection of how uncertain this story has been to date. You know, if - you may remember before the election, The New York Times had reported that the FBI had found that there were no signs of, you know, such contacts. And I think on this subject, there's a care being given by The Post, by The Times and by other serious news organizations.

turn 3 : This statement implies that the newspaper was taking extra precautions to ensure the accuracy of their reporting.

What was the reason for the newsroom to take the story very seriously?

Answer: accuracy


Thanks so much for being with us.

Thanks for having me.

One of the things you've written about is complicity in the power establishment. But also, you believe some women have been complicit - people you call game girls.

I do indeed write about the way that many of the women - including myself - many of the women I know are wrestling with the ways in which we have participated in this system or not participated in this system. So many of us - if not all of us - have engaged in this in one way or another, whether we were the objects of harassment or assault, whether we decided to stay silent and not report assaults - sometimes in an effort to not get the backlash that many women got when they did file complaints. But if we did that, then did we enable the perpetrators to do it to other women who are our younger colleagues or who came after us?If we did not participate - if we rebuffed, did that hurt our careers?

turn 3 : (4) can mean "Many of us have participated in this system in some way, whether we were the victims of harassment or assault, or if we chose to stay silent, which may have enabled perpetrators to do the same to other women."

How did some women participate in the power establishment?

Answer: Game-girls


Hey, thank you very much.

Everybody who is an average taxpayer wants to know, how does this bailout affect me?So how does it affect the average taxpayer?

Well, it affects you in a couple of ways. One of which is is that, if it that if it works and the financial system does in fact stabilize and move forward, we're all better. We've averted a vast crisis. But it also does mean that probably down the pike you might be seeing higher taxes, you might be seeing higher inflation, you might be seeing a lower dollar. All of these things are potential possible fallouts from the bailout.

To follow that point a little bit further. Let's say you have a person who pays his bill on time - his or her bills on time - has a mortgage, has a small savings account and no major investments. What does this mean to that person?

turn 2 : The bailout could have potential negative consequences for the average taxpayer

Which group could be affected by the potential negative consequences of the bailout?

Answer: taxpayer


From the studios of NPR West, this is Day to Day. I'm Madeleine Brand. Iraqi forces took control of Baghdad's Green Zone today. Iraq's leaders celebrated the moment, saying the country's sovereignty has been returned six years after U. S.  forces invaded and toppled the regime of Saddam Hussein.

Army Captain Nate Rawlings is here from Baghdad. He's with the First Brigade Combat Team of the 4th Infantry Division. He's a regular contributor to Day to Day. Happy New Year, Nate.

Happy New Year to you, Madeleine.

Thank you. Well, so how do soldiers there in Iraq - how do they mark the new year?

turn 1 : The fact that Nate is a regular contributor to the show is acknowledged

How is Nate's relationship with the show?

Answer: Contributor.


. . . it climbs up the string you put out for it.

Yeah, yeah, yeah. So they - just for a little anatomy, a little review of that. The cucumber has the plant part, but then it also has these climbing appendages. And when it's growing, it sorts of swings them around, grabs on to a support. And when it does that, something changes in that tendril, and it starts to curl. And that is exactly what physicist Sharon Gerbode in Harvey Mudd College and biologist Joshua Puzey at Harvard and some colleagues looked at and published this week in the journal, Science.

Why does that cucumber tendril curl?And, you know, you might be thinking, well, whatever. But Charles Darwin was interested in this question, you know.

Yeah, yeah. It's an old question. You know, if you grow stuff, you know that the stuff, you know, goes out and curls around things.

turn 0 : The cucumber has climbing appendages, not climbing strings.

Answer: Appendages


Thank you.

So what originally did the Consumer Product Safety Commission say was wrong with this stroller?

They were concerned about the front wheel of the stroller. It's a three-wheeled stroller, and they were concerned with the wheel falling off suddenly. It's attached to the stroller with a quick release, the same thing that attaches the wheels on bicycles. And so parents would be out running, jogging with their strollers, their kid in the middle. And the wheel would spontaneously fall off.

So the agency spent months investigating. And in 2017, they decided that Britax should recall the stroller, that it wasn't safe. And they even sued to try and force the company to recall the stroller. Tell us why that didn't happen.

turn 2 : The stroller's front wheel would fall off suddenly during use, posing a safety risk for parents jogging with their children.

How was the stroller's safety risk caused?

Answer: Falling


Well, it's unclear. But at least the Department of Health and Human Services is saying that the Affordable Care Act will stand as this works its way through courts. And the funny thing is today is the final day for. . .

Yes.

. . . Open enrollment for next year for people to get insurance. And on the website healthcare. gov, there's actually a banner that says, this decision doesn't change open enrollment for now.

What about political repercussions?

And that's a more complicated thing.

turn 0 : The Affordable Care Act will remain in place despite the uncertainty surrounding it.

What is the fate of the Affordable Care Act?

Answer: Uncertainty


Well, we got some comments about a story we did on a reported drop of media coverage on the war in Iraq. Charles Durn(ph) in Doylestown, Pennsylvania wrote us this. I am amazed how the various reasons given for the reduced coverage skip the obvious. One of your guests said that coverage switched off the same week General Petraeus said the surge was working. The obvious reason is the press is not interested in success in Iraq, especially if it made Bush look good.

Caroline Madelle Bennett(ph) in Rochester, New York praised us for a guest on that same segment. I don't care for much of what NPR puts on anymore, but I want you to know that I appreciate your having Laura Flanders on this evening. She's one of the intelligent voices of which there are so few on radio, in broadcast news, commentary and analysis.

We got a couple of comments on the monthly series on jazz that we're doing. Last week, we talked about how radio stations were dropping jazz from their programming lineups. Melinda Kennedy, who listens on WMUE FM noted this. It's not the music that keeps me from listening, but the radio personalities that host the shows.

And Don Nickels(ph) from Wildwood, Missouri chimed in, jazz has not suffered. Most of the greats are gone, but other than that it is the same as it's been for decades. It is a black genre and has never made it out of that community. Should it have more exposure on the radio?Maybe. But if no one is listening, who will pay?Welcome to what makes the world go round. It's called capitalism.

turn 2 : The radio personalities hosting jazz shows are not good.

Which show genre is Don Nickels talking about in his comment?

Answer: Black


Dale Berra has written a book about his father and family - father most Americans know by just one name, Yogi - Lawrence "Yogi" Berra, the Hall of Fame catcher of the Mantle, Maris and Whitey Ford New York Yankees in the 1950s and '60s. Yogi was the American League's Most Valuable Player three times that became almost as beloved as an almost cuddly catcher who babbled with bewildering but good-natured malapropisms like, it's deja vu all over again. He went on to manage the Yankees, then the Mets. Dale Berra was himself a major leaguer with the Yankees, the Pittsburgh Pirates and the Houston Astros, but he brought down his own career with drugs. His new book, "My Dad Yogi: A Memoir Of Family And Baseball" - Dale Berra joins us from New York. Thank you so much for being with us.

Thank you, Scott. Thanks for having me.

Your father famously said, I never said most of the things I said. The Yogi-isms - how did he talk at home?

To tell you the truth, Dad, as we like to say, is the most quoted man who never said anything. Dad was just Dad at home.

turn 0 : ‘almost cuddly catcher’ means that he has a goodnatured personality and appears like a caring and non-scary person, likable to audiences

Which character is described as "almost cuddly" in the dialogue?

Answer: Yogi-Berra


He already faces charges in Indiana from the secretary of state's office. He likely will face charges in Florida. The Coast Guard Investigative Services now are working with the Pensacola U. S.  attorney's office. They are tallying up the cost of the search for him. That will include manpower hours; that will include two helicopters, a boat and a cutter that they had put into the water. So, he will face a felony charge there, which has not been filed yet, of making a false distress call, and likely will be asked to repay the cost of the search for him.

Carol, has anything been heard from his wife or those who had invested money with him?

We have spoken with one person who had hired him as his financial adviser. It was a former Delta pilot. Apparently, a group of Delta pilots had brought him on board to manage their money. He had lost several thousand - well, thousands of dollars, but I think that is small compared to some of the larger investors.

Carol Robinson of the Birmingham News in Alabama, thank you.

turn 0 : The person being talked about made a fake emergency call

How will the person likely be charged in Florida?

Answer: False


Yeah.

. . . . Who have a record of accomplishment, who think that they can appeal to a broad range of voters. So what do you think you add to the race that isn't already there?

No, you bet. And why would I be the 37th or 24th (laughter) candidate or whatever it is?And I just got in now because I literally signed my last bill on Monday and had a job to do, getting Medicaid expansion and other things reauthorized. So I think I bring to the race - I think I'm probably the only one in the race that actually won in a Trump state. I mean, I got reelected in 2016. Donald Trump took Montana by 20 points. I won by four. Twenty-five to 30% of my voters voted for Donald Trump. And that's not, for me, changing who I am. I think I add to the race inasmuch as that people want government to function. I've been able to bridge divides in a very partisan time and get Republicans and Democrats to work with me to try to improve people's lives.

I think Joe Biden thinks the same. I mean, the former Vice President Joe Biden, who, obviously, has broad name recognition, you know, everywhere, who has been elected many times in his own right, never ran successfully for president. But I think he could argue that he ran successfully in Trump states - states that became Trump states - twice. And in addition to that, he's raising millions of dollars on his past name recognition. How are you going to compete with that?

turn 1 : The literal meaning of turn (2) is a question asking what the speaker can add to the race that other candidates do not already have. However, the actual meaning is that the speaker is being challenged to prove their value and justify their entry into the race. The literal meaning of the turn does not reflect the underlying challenge and skepticism expressed by the speaker.

What is the underlying challenge expressed by the speaker?

Answer: Skepticism


Thanks so much for having me on.

Can you tell me a little bit about Nebraska's land and what it means to its residents, the farmers?

Yeah. So Nebraska is in many ways a typical Great Plains state. Because the Missouri River cuts through along the eastern edge of the state, that's where all of the population originally settled. And so you have major industrial centers in south Sioux City and in Omaha. And then you have the capital educational center of Lincoln. But when you travel west of Lincoln, there's almost no one there. The small farming communities have gotten smaller and smaller in the last 50 years. And you can drive for hours essentially seeing only flatlands that are planted to corn and to soybeans and occasionally dotted with hog barns and feedlots for cattle.

Speaking to that disappearing landscape, I'd like you to read a page from your book, page 69.

(Reading) To understand, first remember - Nebraska is a place. It sits square as an anvil in the center of our maps. And yet somehow, everyone manages to forget it exists. Maybe that's because Nebraska is also a land of ghosts, of small towns dwindling to the point where in another generation they might simply cease to exist.

Why are they disappearing?Where are they going?

turn 2 : The farming communities are disappearing due to factors such as depopulation, urbanization, and economic challenges.

How are the farming communities disappearing in Nebraska?

Answer: Depopulation,urbanization,economic


He used software to create phony profiles so he could collect answers from thousands of women and analyze them. He divided the women into seven groups based on the questions they chose to answer, then decided which group he found most engaging. And then he answered those questions that they found most compelling. Once he did, his dating life took off.

At first, I was kind of trying to make them like the classic sort of romantic first date to remember, to tell your kids about. And that turned out to not be a good approach.

First dates take time, after all. They create expectation. They can be exhausting. So Chris McKinlay decided to just meet for a cup of coffee and hope that was long enough to detect in person what OkCupid and its algorithms couldn't - if two people felt a spark. Chris McKinlay had 87 first dates. And on the 88th, he met Christine Tien Wong.

It was a real relief when I met Christine and, you know, on the first date. I was saying yes very strongly at a gut level.

turn 0 : He used data to figure out which women he should focus on in order to maximize his chances of finding a successful relationship.

How did Chris McKinlay decide which women to focus on?

Answer: engagement


Yeah. Moving on to Merriam-Webster. They've added 1,700 new words. I can't begin to keep up with that, but I do want to ask you about this one in particular - eggcorn?

Eggcorn. Maybe we should spell it. E-G-G-C-O-R-N. It's defined as a word or phrase that sounds like and is mistakingly used in what seems like a logical or plausible way for another word or phrase. It's been around since about 2003. It's a play on how some people say the word acorn, and a linguist thought, well, it makes a little bit of sense. An acorn looks kind of like an egg. Let's come up with a word for another word or phrase when it's reshaped but kind of makes a little bit of sense if you think about it. So here's a classic one - some people will say all intensive purposes when they mean all intents and purposes.

There's a website I found called the Eggcorn Database - has more than 600 of these. Some of my favorites include self-phone.

(Laughter). That's perfect, actually.

turn 1 : All intensive purposes is actually a misused phrase for all intents and purposes.

What is the misused phrase for "all intents and purposes"?

Answer: Allintensivepurposes


(Through interpreter) That's how it went. And that's, I think, why he's so afraid. I think that's why he's so afraid. And he's afraid that I just won't be with him.

When is your little boy's birthday?

(Through interpreter) The 8 of November.

OK.  My wife and I have a little girl whose birthday is November 2. And she will be 11 years old. And we sent her - I think she was about 3. We sent her to preschool because people said it was a good idea. And she hated it. So we stopped that after a few days. And now she's a straight-A student. And it's the best thing we ever did. She needed to be with her mother.

turn 3 : B and his wife stopped sending their daughter to preschool and it was the best decision for their daughter.

What was the reason for PersonB's daughter being sent to preschool initially?

Answer: Preschool


They have to do this because if they don't do this, they end up rolling back into the dung pad. And there's a lot of beetles there, all competing for this very valuable resource, and it's very likely that they get their dung ball stolen after quite a fight often. So they must get away from the dung pad in a straight line. That's the quickest and the most efficient way of leaving the dung pad, and so it's critically important for them that they do this. And so the stripe of light in the sky helps them to do this. They can actually orient with respect to it and orient in straight line away.

So what happens when it's a cloudy night and they can't see the sky?They just don't go out that night?

No, they do but they roll in circles. So it's actually a very dangerous night indeed for dung beetles.

But thankfully, in South Africa where we were working, cloudy nights are not all that common.

turn 1 : He is implying that the beetles will be blind at night.

How do the beetles roll on cloudy nights?

Answer: Circles


Yes, yes indeed, yeah.

Where are they now?

They're blue-collar, and many of them remain Democrats, although when the national election comes, many of them outside of Allegheny County do start voting Republican. Part of the reason is that this is an older state, and for pensioners, unless the economy is really going haywire and frightening them about the condition of their pensions and the future of their Social Security, they are going to worry less about breadbasket issues than they're going to worry about the social flashpoint issues.

And out here, Democrats, and we're talking about liberals, Democrats are pro-Second Amendment. They're pro-life. They are very religious. They're socially conservative. Gay marriage simply confounds them as a theory. In other words, we're talking about a place where the liberals have guns.

And so, where are those liberals going?Are they going to Obama or McCain?

turn 3 : Liberals in this place have socially conservative views.

How do liberals in this place view gay marriage?

Answer: Confusing


Well you know, I'd been rapping for years. I mean, since grade school and so forth but I, you know, I really didn't make my professional outing until college. At that time we were just, you know, all hanging around at the college radio station, listening to music and writing songs and none of us had really released any albums yet. And it just dawned on us that, you know, given the state of the industry, if we weren't going to put out our records then our music would probably never get heard. And fast forward 10-plus years later this is it.

So what was it like performing for the first time in a venue, not in a dorm room, not just with your friends, where were you and what was that like?

I think the first, what I would consider the first show was - I was the very first act on a show at a club here in San Francisco called The Stone. And on that bill it was pretty amazing. I mean I was absolutely first in order on a bill of like …

Which is a blessing and a curse.

turn 3 : Being the first act on the bill is both a blessing and a curse.

How would PersonB describe being the first act on the bill?

Answer: Amazing


Yeah, there's quite a few of them. I looked up a couple. There's one that's e-Cycle. com. The EPA also has a pretty good index for, you know, how to find these places. There's another one called ecyclingcentral. com, where you can look up local things. And I also advise people to talk to their, you know, local landfill or, you know, contact your carrier or the maker of your phone, because I truly believe that that's something that they could, you know, do better, is - at least make it easy when you're getting that new phone to drop off the old one so that it gets recycled or reused.

Or maybe, you know, even on the box where the phone comes in, it has a label already stuck on it for sticking it back in the mail.

Yeah. That would be a phenomenal idea.

Yeah. Well, we sometimes come up with an idea.

turn 1 : The phone box should have a label for recycling.

Answer: Recycling


Are some people giving up?

Some people are. I've heard some of my clients say, maybe we will hire less foreign nationals. Maybe, you know, it's becoming too difficult because, obviously, as you know, there's a cost associated with this, too. And some companies are in a position to take on these costs. Some others are not. So you get to the position where companies may turn around and say, well, we just won't hire anybody, and we won't care about the best and the brightest. We will just go forward and not do any of these applications in the future.

Immigration lawyer Pierre Bonnefil, thank you so much for speaking with us.

You're very welcome. Thank you. Have a great day.

turn 1 : The companies's representatives will look at the hiring  situation and make a statement.

How will the companies respond to the cost associated with hiring foreign nationals?

Answer: Nothire


Unfortunately, we know that the homeless individuals who are unsheltered and living in the street are disproportionately burdened with behavioral health challenges, mental disease, substance abuse disorders. And so if a nurse from the government shows up with a syringe and says, hey, I'm here from the government. I'm here to help you. Take this shot - it's not so simple. We have had to spend a tremendous amount of time building trust, providing education and making the case for why receiving a vaccine is such a critical opportunity for them to protect their health.

What are the symptoms of hepatitis A?

These are symptoms that basically reflect inflammation of the liver. And the most common symptoms are basically fever, fatigue, nausea and vomiting, significant abdominal pain, the loss of appetite. And then one of the telltale things is either darkening of the urine or what's called jaundice, which is the common yellowing of the eyes and the yellow hue of the skin, indicating liver enzymes being spilled into the bloodstream. So jaundice is also a very common symptom.

Dr.  Yphnatides, if you think long term about changes you would want to see made to prevent another outbreak like this in the future, where does that take you?

turn 2 :  Implied meaning: Symptoms of hepatitis A include fever, fatigue, nausea and vomiting, significant abdominal pain, the loss of appetite, darkening of the urine, and jaundice.

Which symptom of hepatitis PersonA is a telltale sign of liver enzymes being spilled into the bloodstream?

Answer: Jaundice


And of course we speak this week on a week in which the city of Baltimore has been undergoing a lot of restiveness, including injuries and arrests. What do you make of the fact that you've got Wednesday's ballgame played at Camden Yards, but no audience?

I think that's a shame. Much like how after 9/11 I didn't think they should've called the ballgames off, I thought they should still have baseball being played. I think baseball helps people heal. It changes things. Look at Jackie Robinson, what that did for the civil rights movement. I can speak for my family when they came over from Poland at the turn-of-the-century. They combined with other immigrant kids and they all learned baseball because that was one thing that brought everybody together.

Gary Cieradkowski - his new book, "The League of Outsider Baseball. "Thanks so much for being with us.

Thank you, Scott.

turn 2 : B: Gary Cieradkowski - his new book, "The League of Outsider Baseball."Thanks so much for being with us. Actual meaning: B is thanking A for joining the conversation and promoting Gary Cieradkowski's new book.

What book is PersonB promoting in the dialogue?

Answer: Outsider


This is the people we hired to.

Yeah.

We paid off.

Yeah, well, I wouldn't call it that. I mean, what they - it's so unprecedented. The way insurgencies end and the way the Sunni insurgency has ended is that it just sort of fades away, then they either come into the political process, or they go into hiding. They leave the country. They just put their weapons and go back to doing what they normally did.

turn 3 : The way the Sunni insurgency has ended is not as simple as just being paid off

Answer: Fades


Media looks very bad on this. It looks credulous for Justice Department sources. Hatfill had filed suit against the government and, you know, sought to get the names of sources from journalists, taking them to court to do so, and to try to prove that the Justice Department had intentionally leaked this, as they sought to, you know, circle in on him and to capture him for these attacks.

Now, this year, there was a settlement, a legal settlement, for Steven Hatfill from the government.

That's right. Just a few months ago, the government essentially paid out a package - depending on how you value it - but about 5. 85 million dollars to compensate him for lost revenue over the course of his career. He lost a job at Louisiana State University, as a result of this, that he had been offered. Interestingly, the government did not exonerate him directly. Although the entire settlement tended to do that, but it not explicitly exonerate him, and nor did it apologize to him for this. CHADWICK: I don't imagine that we in the media are going to be apologizing to him either. NPR's David Folkenflik, thank you.

You bet.

turn 2 : "Interestingly, the government did not exonerate him directly...nor did it apologize to him for this." - The actual meaning is that while the settlement may imply exoneration and an apology, the government did not explicitly state that Hatfill was innocent or offer an apology for their actions.

Which action was not taken by the government towards Steven Hatfill?

Answer: Apologize


For most of the dogs, we've probably gone from a ratio of 80% used to be trained on marijuana to now, we've reversed that to where only 20% have any marijuana training on them. So the limiting factor of now having a dog that is trained in marijuana - it is no longer utilized for a probable-cause warrant or sniff. It would probably be changing the role to just locating marijuana, whether it would be in a house or a car, after you've already established probable cause. So it's certainly limited the use of those dogs.

So my understanding is that before this, police dogs weren't trained to differentiate between types of drugs.

No. Now we're just going to go to most of the dogs will not have any marijuana training in them whatsoever. The primary purpose for most of the marijuana sniffs is now administrative - that will be through jails, schools and other types of locations that are federally funded and still illegal. The only thing this will do - it's going to hasten the retirement of those 20% or less that still are marijuana-trained in our state because of the fact that they're not able to utilize them for full functions.

Does this create conflict between state officers and federal law enforcement officers?Because obviously, on the federal level, marijuana is still illegal. And you obviously have federal law enforcement in your state. Is there any conflict there?

turn 2 : No dogs is trained in marijuana because it is a illegal.

What is the primary purpose for most of the marijuana sniffs now?

Answer: Administrative.


Cryo would be called - right crypto would - wow.

That's right. So we basically house lichens, mosses and fungi in this herbarium here. We have over 200,000 specimens here.

Two hundred thousand?And are these specimens popping out of the ice?Are they new species?

The ones that are coming out from underneath the glaciers?

turn 3 : B is surprised with the number of specimens.

What is PersonB's reaction to the number of specimens?

Answer: Surprised


OK. So in a statement, the police lieutenant said that the investigation showed that the only true victim in this was the unborn baby. Is it common to see prosecutions of women for the unintentional death of fetuses that they are carrying?

It's becoming more and more common since the late 1980s, early 1990s, when prosecutors began to charge women for crimes for using drugs during pregnancy. That has spread out to include prosecutions of women who commit all sorts of conduct during pregnancy that harms a fetus. It's included attempting suicide. It's included driving drunk. It's included botching self-induced abortions. And many of us are saying it's gotten to a point where pregnancy itself is being criminalized because so many things that someone does while pregnant can be the basis of a criminal prosecution.

I was just trying to understand, like, what is the legal theory here at work?Is it that women who are pregnant have a higher duty to care?

It's that argument, and it's also the argument that the fetus is equivalent of a child, and therefore, all the laws that protect a child from parental maltreatment would apply to a fetus as well. I should mention most of these cases involve mothers who fail to protect their children from harm, including, in many cases, mothers who are themselves victims of domestic violence and then get charged with crimes for failing to protect their already-born children.

turn 1 : Pregnancy itself is being criminalized due to the broad scope of what actions can lead to a criminal prosecution

Which word describes the reason for the increasing number of prosecutions of women during pregnancy?

Answer: Scope


And then we're going to measure not just their genotype and their environment - things like air quality, water quality, their social setting - but also all the molecular biology that might help us to understand how it is that genes and environment shape aging.

Do you have a dog, Doctor?

I have a dog. I had two dogs until last year.

Oh, I'm sorry.

Our 11-year-old Weimaraner passed away. By 11, he was pretty geriatric. I have an 11-year-old mutt. And when I take her to the dog park, people think she's a puppy. She looks like a 1-year-old. And she's still very vigorous.

turn 3 : "Oh, I'm sorry" implies an expression of sympathy for the loss of the doctor's Weimaraner, rather than an apology.

Which expression did PersonB use to respond to PersonA's statement about his Weimaraner?

Answer: Sorry


Right.

It was, it's poignant because of Lisa "Left Eye" Lopez having passed away.

Definitely. And SWV and En Vogue, it was just yeah, that I thought, that was really good. I mean, where else could you see that but the BET Awards?

Yeah, it was, I mean I thought the staging was pretty amazing.

Definitely. Definitely.

turn 1 : 2: Lisa 'Left Eye' Lopez's death made it more emotional

Which member of En Vogue did PersonA mention liking in the BET Awards?

Answer: SWV


I like that.

It requires constant boosts and constant sort of shots against that and priming the mind and the creative muscle. And so I think on that level, people relate to having a resource that gives that sort of steady stream of these things in a very small and subtle way and not as formal as education but does enrich lives and enrich sort of our pool of creative resources.

It is a really steady stream. I mean, I read on Brainpickings that it takes 450 hours, maybe more, to keep it alive.

Yeah, I put that number down so people don't think I don't have a life, but it's probably a lot more than that.

turn 1 : "Constant boosts and constant sort of shots" implies that the mind needs a lot of training, the mind isn't actually getting a physical boost or shot.

How does PersonA describe the resource that gives a steady stream?

Answer: resource


Well, not really. I think the crowd that came here early in the day were peaceful. But this march was illegal from the beginning. The police never gave their authorization. So they had essentially warned everyone that anyone coming would be sort of in violation of the law. And so from early on, things were kind of chaotic. I think protesters have sort of dug in for what they had assumed would be a pretty violent night.

I've been seeing people basically pulling up bricks from the sidewalk and putting them in carts. I've seen people arm themselves with various iron rods and also umbrellas and create sort of shields out of wood that they found everywhere. I think what you're starting to see - you know, digging in on both sides here, between the police and also the protesters.

Are the protesters a cross section of Hong Kong, or are they one demographic, if you please?

Well, I think, today, I've actually seen quite a mixed crowd, which was sort of unexpected because, obviously, this march is - this protest was illegal. So we didn't really expect sort of to see kids or elderly people. But I have seen them.

turn 0 : The protest turned violent, despite initially being peaceful.

What was the initial nature of the protest?

Answer: Peaceful


I'm Farai Chideya and this is News & Notes. The roots of jazz reach down on to the Mississippi Delta and the West Coast of Africa. Now, the many sounds that make up modern jazz can be heard virtually anywhere in the world. The Thelonious Monk Institute of Jazz keeps the music alive and nurtures the next generation of jazz musicians. And this weekend, the institute is honoring B. B. King, plus, holding the finals of its annual performance competition. Joining us now is Monk Institute President Tom Carter.

Hi. It's a pleasure to be here.

Yeah. Yeah. You're right here in the studio. So we've been hearing a little bit of the great B. B. King, who I've had the pleasure of watching play. And you're honoring him in Los Angeles this weekend at a concert called 'The Blues and Jazz, Two American Classics. 'Tell me a little bit more about how got things structured.

Absolutely. It's going to be an incredible weekend. We have saxophone competition which we'll be talking about. But as a part of the competition, we also have a major tribute concert each year and this year, it's dedicated to B. B. King and to the blues. The blues have had a huge influence on jazz, and we established last year an education program in Mississippi Delta called 'The Blues and Jazz, Two American Classics,' which is the theme of this weekend. And there, we worked with young kids and really introduced them, originally in the Mississippi Delta to their great roots and heritage and the life of B. B. King, who is from Indianola.

turn 1 : to watch someone play means to watch them perform

Which musician is being honored at the concert in Los Angeles this weekend?

Answer: BBking


Tomorrow marks the end of the longest presidential campaign to date. This election looks like it might break all voter turnout records, and plenty of civil and voting rights groups are out there working to make sure you have a place to turn if you're having trouble voting. One of them is the NAACP. In September, Benjamin Jealous became the youngest man to lead the country's oldest and largest civil rights organization. He's got plenty of information about how to protect your vote. Ben, how are you?

I'm doing well.

So you are the head of this storied organization that has had so much to do with African-Americans in voting. You think about where we've been in the past decade with the contested 2000 election. What should people know firstoff about going to the polls and doing it in a way that protects their vote?

You know, there's really two things that I say to folks. You know, first is that you should be prepared, you know. You should really think about the time you need and make sure, you know, if you need to have somebody to watch the kids that you just take care of it. This is one of the most important things that you'll do in the next year, and just be prepared.

turn 2 : To protect a  vote means to ensure that you are able to exercise your right to vote and aren’t subject to racism; the vote is not a physical thing.

How does Benjamin Jealous define protecting a vote?

Answer: preparation


So, it sounds like, what you're saying, is that the two political parties, the two major political parties, have reshaped over time how they choose these representatives which then choose their representative for the race. How has this movement by the political parties set them up differently?

You mentioned a little bit about the winner-take-all system versus proportionality. What are these parties trying to do if you can kind of think in the form of a large institution?

Yes. Well, if you go back a generation or two, both parties pretty much chose their presidential candidates in what was often referred to as the smoke-filled room. In other words, you would go to the convention, there would be several people who wanted the job, they would be campaigning in a variety of ways, and they would have some delegates who they consider to be their delegates because there had been a few primaries. And there were a few primaries in certain states that go way back in our history through the 20th century - Oregon, Wisconsin, a few others.

And these people would then get to the convention - some of them pledged, some of them not pledged, most of them people who were party professionals or already office holders - and they would kind of get together at some point or another in some backroom and decide which one of the presidential candidates would be strongest. And that person, eventually, after several ballots, would get the nod.

turn 1 : This refers to an electoral system where the candidate who receives the majority of votes in a particular area or district wins all the available seats, rather than literally taking everything. Similarly, "proportionality" refers to a system where the allocation of seats or representation is based on the proportion of votes received by each party, rather than the exact meaning of the word.

How was the presidential candidate chosen in the past?

Answer: Backroom


Jeffrey Dahmer in Milwaukee.

Right and Ted Bundy in Florida. I mean, if you look at the serial killers, the majority of them that abused animals prior to turning on humans - and even one admitted, I did it to see how the animal would die before I killed a human. It's just - it's amazing. School shooters, Pearl, Miss. , and Columbine, they all abused animals and killed animals prior to their shooting spree. So it's - the data's there and it's not just guesswork. It's actual documented data.

You've been a law enforcement professional. Are there people who say the last thing I need is more paperwork, more data?

Yeah, here's the thing. Law enforcement really hasn't grasped this problem yet. If you look back in the early '70s when domestic violence came up and how the laws changed and then law enforcement would go, say, well, if the woman's getting beat, why she won't leave the house?Well, we didn't understand. We'd understand the dynamics of domestic violence, and as that whole thing changed, it got better. And if you look at animal abuse right now, it's - can follow the same timeline. You can always - bet you it's within years that it's going to be the same timeline. You have to get - in order for this problem to be solved, you're going to have to get the legislators to create the laws, you're going to have to get law enforcement to enforce the laws, you're going to have to get prosecutors to prosecute and judges to convict.

turn 2 : The speaker is implying that some law enforcement professionals may be resistant to gathering and analyzing data on animal abuse because they view it as an added bureaucratic burden. This suggests that the speaker believes that some law enforcement officials may be unwilling to take the issue of animal abuse seriously or prioritize it as a potential indicator of violent behavior.

How do some law enforcement professionals view gathering and analyzing data on animal abuse?

Answer: Resistant


. . . About 30 seconds left.

OK.

Do you think the administration perceives ISIS as a greater threat than the Assad regime in Syria and is making that choice in so many words?

Scott, that's the problem. The Iraq strategy is clear, but the Syria strategy is a muttle (ph) because there's a desire to the defeat ISIL. And we've had some success with the Kurds in the north, but there hasn't been a clear strategy vis-a-vis Assad. These are two problems that are connected, and you can't have a strategy that's just about one. We're hoping for a, you know, a strong outcome to these discussions in Geneva, the restart of a peace discussion about Syria. But we've been pursuing a strategy in Syria that's kind of a half strategy without having a strategy on Assad and the refugee crisis and so many other (unintelligible) for that.

turn 3 :  (4) implies that the US is trying to reach a political solution to the conflict in Syria, but without a strategy to deal with Assad and the refugee crisis.

What is the main obstacle to the US strategy in Syria?

Answer: Assad


The videos of the embryos. He does sort of time lapse of human development, and it was really fascinating to watch, going from this sort of little hard to, you know, nondescript ball to what you would recognize. . .

As an embryo.

. . . as an embryo or a fetus.

This is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR. I'm Ira Flatow talking with Flora Lichtman about our Video Pick of the Week, and it's a - videos of embryos, all different kinds of embryos. So you got the film, the footage. . .

turn 1 : Literally, this turn is a short response to A's previous statement about the time-lapse videos of human development. However, the implied meaning is that B understands and acknowledges A's previous statement about the videos featuring embryos, and is simply reiterating that fact.

How did PersonB respond to PersonA's statement about the videos of embryos?

Answer: Serious


Good morning.

Many of us didn't think it would happen but the two delegations finally sat down face to face. Tell us about the dynamics in the negotiating room today and what you're expecting.

What we heard from media sources that the meeting kicked off 15 minutes late. Every detail was negotiated. The delegates enter from different doors. There are no flags in the room but they can wear their flag pins. It's been decided which side of the table they'll sit on, how far apart. And as we heard from the U. N.  negotiator, Lakhdar Brahimi, it's the most inaccessible room within the United Nations compound here in Geneva. The delegations - they won't talk directly to each other. Brahimi will be in the middle and they'll address him. The only thing common to all of them is language. Everybody at the table speaks Arabic. But aside from that, they are very far apart. They're there because both sides were under intense pressure from the U. S.  and Russia not to walk out.

Well, as you said, at least they are in the same room. What are they talking about today?What's the goal?

turn 3 : The literal meaning of "What are they talking about today? What's the goal?" is asking for information about the subject matter and objectives of the negotiations. However, the implied meaning is that the speaker is expressing skepticism about the likelihood of any productive outcome from the negotiations, given the difficult dynamics described in the previous turn. The speaker is implying that the negotiations seem to be more about appearances than substance, and that there may not be a clear goal or path forward.

How is the speaker feeling about the likelihood of a productive outcome?

Answer: Skepticism


So, I'm a little concern about that, especially with the amount of technology connections that they have made through this campaign, and the amount of donors that they've received through online mechanisms. So it's going to be interesting to see how this plays out. But, clearly somebody is going to want that data Farai. There's no way out that the Democratic. . .

Don't let Sascha get a hold of the mass email list. And you know, start asking for Christmas presents or something.

Let me tell you, somebody in the Democratic Party. . .

I'm glad you clarified that. Somebody in the Democratic Party is definitely saying, hmm, that's a gold mine of data sitting right there.

turn 1 : Asking for Chrstmas presents implies they need the things they are looking for and hope they get them.

What does Sascha's comment imply about their intentions?

Answer: Need


Divers finally managed to get into the passenger decks of the ship. And they saw through a window three bodies, but they were unable to actually get in and recover those bodies. They did not find any survivors yet, but they've been trying very hard all week to get in there. They've been dealing with next to zero visibility, very strong currents. Also, they've been trying to pump air into that ship in the hopes that there are some survivors hanging on in air pockets. And because of that, they've got cranes on the scene, but they haven't tried to lift the ferry out of the water yet for fear that it'll further endanger those survivors.

Police have arrested the ship's captain and several crew members. What are the charges?

The charges against the captain are negligence. They're saying that he abandoned the passengers when they needed them. And a lot of people in this country are angry that the captain apparently jumped ship himself while telling the passengers, these high school students, on the boat to stay put and await help. Now the prosecutors say that at the time of the accident, the captain was actually not on the bridge of the ferry. The person taking the wheel was the third mate, who had never navigated some tricky waters where there are a lot of coastal areas and islands. And this was a very young and inexperienced third mate.

The vice principal of the high school where most of the passengers were from committed suicide. He was one of the survivors?

turn 2 : This implies that the captain may be guilty of the accident because his actions may have contributed to the deaths of passengers.

How are the captain's actions being viewed by the public?

Answer: Negative.


The so-called Energy Climate Czar, I think people are calling it. I suppose if we have a car czar, we have to have a climate czar. This is supposedly going to be Carol Browner, who was the head of EPA in both Clinton administrations, actually, I think probably the longest serving EPA director.

She's a lawyer. She used to work with Al Gore in the Senate. She has earned herself quite a reputation when she was working for President Clinton as a tough regulator, someone who defended the Clean Air Act vigorously against lawsuits brought by industry questioning some of the scope of the Clean Air Act and the Clean Water Act. So she comes with, again, quite a lot of green credentials and reputation for being very savvy on how Washington works.

And finally, Chris, can you tell us a bit about who is going to head up Mr.  Obama's EPA?

Again, the name that's being bandied about quite a bit about is a woman named Lisa Jackson. She is a chemical engineer, and she is working currently as the environment - she started working as the environment head for the state of New Jersey in 2006. And again, she also worked at EPA during the Clinton years, so we've got a couple of people here who were Clinton executives and environmental movers and shakers during the Clinton administration.

turn 0 : The term 'Czar' is used to refer to the head of a certain field, although it does not hold any official title or position in the government.

What is the term used to refer to the head of a certain field without holding any official title or position in the government?

Answer: Czar


Well, we're interested in understanding, one, what are all the metabolites or small molecules that are under the control of the circadian clock in these post-harvest vegetables and fruits?So in things like zucchini and carrots and sweet potato, we would expect a different sweet of metabolites to be regulated by the clock. So we'd like to know what those are. And then we'd like to know what kind of conditions could be used to make this a practical - if it turns out that we can really make a difference in nutritional quality then. . .

Right.

. . . we would want to design a simply way to keep the clock running. And we know that plants can respond to just pulses of light in ways that can control or set their clock. And so we'd like to investigate what are the simplest ways that we can use to make this practical.

Well, we wish you good luck, Dr.  Braam.

turn 2 : They want to design a way to keep plants's internal system working even when they are indoors.

Which system do they want to keep running indoors?

Answer: System


Right, but it was not my choice to be here. And this is what people forget. I applied for asylum in 27 different countries around the world, and it was the government, the United States government, then-Secretary John Kerry, that canceled my passport as I was leaving from Hong Kong en route to Ecuador. And this locked me in place.

I believe they panicked. And I think the reason that I'm in Russia today is because what we know - this was actually publicly reported in 2013. Every time one of these other countries, one that the United States public would be much more comfortable with - a France, a Norway, a Germany - one of two people would call the Foreign Ministry of that country. And it would be either Secretary of State John Kerry or then-Vice President Joe Biden.

The idea here is they would go, look; we understand that he has been charged with political crimes. This means you don't qualify for extradition, and you almost always do qualify for asylum protections. And the government - we know you can do this, but if you do, we want you to understand there will be a response. We're not going to say what it will be, but it will be severe because we don't want to see the public seeing this guy as a whistleblower, which the public then was coming around to do.

You say the U. S.  government panicked. Did the U. S.  government panic, or just they felt it was important to the national interest of the United States to make certain you - your movement was limited?

turn 2 : The person complained publicaly about things that were illegal and private.

Which word describes what the person exposed?

Answer: B


That work by Nick Holonyak and colleagues went on to be the basis for just about every LED starting back - staring back at you, you know, those little red lights on the little devices?This was the first one. Nick also did pioneering work on other electronic devices, including lasers. And when the Applied - the journal of Applied Physics Letters drew up a list of the five most important papers it had published up to 2006, Nick's name was on two of them. And he's here to talk to us now.

Nick Holonyak is the John Bardeen Endowed Chair in Electrical and Computer Engineering and Physics in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois in Urbana, Illinois. He joins us by phone. Welcome back to the program, Nick.

Thanks, Ira. You and I talked about this stuff in Washington when the MIT Lemelson Prize was given. Remember?And so this is our second contact, maybe more.

I'm hopeful we have a lot more to go, and I want you to - let's talk about this 50 - the anniversary.

turn 0 : The LED lights we see in daily devices originated from Nick's work

How did Nick Holonyak contribute to the development of LED lights?

Answer: Pioneering


Absolutely. And that's something that my father always stressed upon my sisters and me and that we've all thought it's very important that you should be engaged in the process. In this case it is a political process, because the process of electing our government leaders is one that will have a direct impact on whether we're here and what we do here. So it's fine to criticize, but at the same time if you're not engaged in the process I feel that's a real discredit to everything you try to protest against.

Do you sense a great excitement among the men and women there about the election?

Well, there's certainly a lot of open questions, a lot of us are wondering if Barack Obama's elected versus John McCain and vice versa, whether that will have an effect not just on this tour, but on future military careers because we have a lot of soldiers and a lot of officers who are planning to make a military career and I'm not one of them. I'm going to be leaving active duty when we return from this tour.

But for those soldiers especially, the big question now is, when and how soon they'll have to deploy to Afghanistan. Because many of these soldiers are on their third, some even on their fourth tour here to Iraq. And so now they're looking at another open ended involvement in Afghanistan. And so they've got a lot of questions about that and so we're really just curious right now what both candidates - what decisions they'll make.

turn 0 : "engaged in the process" - this means actively participating in the political process, not just being present or observing it.

What does "engaged in the process" mean?

Answer: Participating


Tomorrow, car sales numbers for November are due out, and they're not expected to be good. That could lead to more dealerships shutting down, and that could mean a big loss of revenue for local governments. For example, this year, the state of California has lost at least two billion dollars in sales taxes due to the drop in car sales.

To get a better sense of how local governments are coping, we're joined now by Marshall Bond. He is the city manager for Monroeville, Pennsylvania. Thanks for joining us, and why don't you tell us how many car dealerships are in Monroeville?

Just about every major domestic and foreign manufacturer sells cars here in Monroeville.

And so, how much of your budget comes from the revenue from car sales at these dealerships?

We have a business tax which obviously is, I'd say, probably of that - I'd say total tax is probably about 15 to 20 percent is based upon our related car industry.

turn 4 : A significant portion of the city's tax revenue is generated from the car industry.

What is a significant source of Monroeville's tax revenue?

Answer: Car


. . . Battles. Yes. It was bloody, but it was also joyous because we're - all three of us - just super fans of Nancy Hale's.

I mean, people always ask fiction writers - as you would know better than anyone - how much of your writing, how much of your protagonist is you. And writers always say, it's fiction. You know, I made it all up. But you write that with Hale, it's - it actually really matters to know what her life story was when you're reading these stories.

You know, every story that a fiction writer writes has something of them in them. And I had to go through her story and sort of understand where they came from in her life. She wrote so close to the bone to her own life in many ways, and you can see herself in her characters in these stories - in a lot of them.

All right. So let's get to some of the stuff she writes about because she writes about things that are uncomfortable to discuss today in 2019 - must have been incredibly edgy at the time she was writing some of these. She writes about mothers feeling ambivalent about their children. She writes about how oppressive marriage can be. She writes beautifully about female desire. I actually wanted to let you read a little bit from one of her stories, titled "Midsummer. "

turn 3 : her stories were not what people were usually reading and the topics of them were not what was normally talked about.

Answer: Edgy


Shawn Zahir. I want to share one quick story. I have many stories. The surgeon said to me - and this was one we still didn't know his name - he said, listen, you're very lucky and your daughter's very lucky because she got the liver of a good man. I've done this surgery many times. Most people when they wake up they say, when can I get back to work?When can I play sports?The first question that he asked was, when can I donate blood again?

Yeah. Nusayba was all set up for an initial transplant, but these things are unpredictable - didn't work out.

Gut punch at the last second. The donor, who was an acquaintance of mine, who had never met Nusayba - and I can finally reveal her name because the text just came through, Scott, that she gave me permission - Megan Black was willing to donate a piece of her liver. Her entire family was on board. And at the last second, the lead doctor, Dr.  Fishbein, who's been doing this for 30 years, saw a complication, called it off. Megan was crying. Her family was crying. She apologized. But if it wasn't for Megan stepping up and for this bad news, we wouldn't have done the call out. And we wouldn't have gotten Shawn. So we also owe Megan a huge gratitude. Thank you, Megan.

Boy. Nusaybe, you've been able to - she's been able to talk to you and Sarah.

turn 0 : She got the liver of a man that cares about others more than himself.

What did the surgeon say about most people's first question after waking up from liver transplant surgery?

Answer: Blood


In the courtroom, a lot of people cheered. And in lots of the capital, we were in coffee shops where people also cheered saying, you know, it's time for stability. But then there were others whose hearts were broken; many who protested in 2011 for freedom from a police state who are saying that they are watching the symbols of that repression now be pronounced innocent.

And what's the environment in Egypt right now that surrounds this decision?

Really, right now, you have an environment of repression. You have three Al Jazeera English journalists in jail accused of being terrorists on little to no evidence. You've had mass trials of people getting death sentences with no due process. The first freely elected president, Islamist president Mohamed Morsi, was ousted from power and put in jail. Many people point to that as a sign that there really isn't democracy.

But after the decision, there were many people who were visibly happy?

turn 1 : The actual meaning of turn (2) is to understand the current state of affairs in Egypt and the implications of the decision, rather than the literal meaning of asking what the environment is like in the moment.

Which turn in the dialogue provides an interpretation of the meaning behind the question asked in turn 1?

Answer: 2


Do you remember that question about any practical applications?And what did you say?Do you remember what you said?

Yeah, I said practical applications are science fiction, that we just can't make enough antimatter to be useful. It would take longer than the age of the universe to accumulate macroscopic amounts of antimatter to make a weapon or a rocket fuel or something like that. So this is really pure research, right?We're looking at, you know, one or few atoms at a time. There's 10 to the 24th atoms in a macroscopic amount of hydrogen or antihydrogen, so we're just nowhere near there. But it's still a lot of fun.

Yeah. So the answer to the question of a practical application is still absolutely no.

Yeah, nothing has changed there and. . .

turn 1 : He said that practical applications are things a person would only find in science fiction novels and shows. It can not be done in reality.

Which question did PersonA answer by saying "Yeah, nothing has changed there"?

Answer: Nothing


I don't think they picked Deming necessarily. You know, we just happen to be a big border patrol station as well as our neighboring county. They're dropping off here as well - the Hidalgo County drops here as well.

How are these people - the asylum-seekers being housed in an airport hangar - how are they handling things?

You'd be surprised. I think they're - you know, they're a little - you know, I guess they're a little worried when they first show up. But then, I think, it's actually better than most places they've been, and that's what they tell us. So they have more room and more freedom than most places they've been, so they're actually really happy.

And how is the community of Deming handling this influx of new people?

turn 0 : 'They didn't specifically choose Deming' implies that Deming was not chosen deliberately.

What is the implication of "They didn't specifically choose Deming"?

Answer: Not