The most significant news, I think on the Republican side, was that two states, Kansas and Louisiana, shot across the bow of John McCain by saying they were not ready to endorse the idea that he was the nominee. Washington State was called for John McCain with some of the vote yet to be counted and not too much of a margin for John McCain. But the state party chairman out there said they had seen enough caucus counting and they were going to away half the state's delegates to John McCain then do the rest in a primary that's coming up in a few weeks.

Now, that's already been protested by the Huckabee campaign, which was hoping to get a sweep, like Barack Obama, of all the events on the ballot on Saturday to the Republicans.

So parse out for us this delegate situation on the Democratic side. What's the state of play right now in terms of who has how many.

Well, it's a big scoreboard and there are a lot of different numbers on it and they do move around a fair amount. But let's start with the ones that are pretty certain that aren't going to change. That's the number of pledged delegates won so far. These are the delegates that are allocated to each candidate on the basis of the results of each primary or caucus. So in this station, where we stand now, Hillary Clinton has 893 from all the states that have voted so far on the Democratic side, and Barack Obama has 952.

turn 3 :  "big scoreboard" - This is a metaphor used to describe the current state of the delegate count.

How does the speaker describe the current state of the delegate count?

Answer: Scoreboard


Thanks so much for having me, Farai.

So this is a whole special issue on the issue of prisons. Your article talks about the economic impact the prison system is having on the nation. So what kind of money are we talking about?

We're talking about a tremendous amount of money that's being spent nationally and by the individual states, at least 55 billion dollars a year spent on our prison system, on every conceivable aspect of it. And the numbers are absolutely astonishing, as you mentioned.

Times like this, when the economies of states are in default, can states really afford this?

turn 1 : The topic of discussion is about the cost of prisons.

How much money is being spent on the prison system annually?

Answer: 55


Yes. So, given the fact that I had been able to, you know, prove myself under harsh circumstances, prove my judgment, my composure, my, you know, warrior spirit, if you will, despite all this and despite the medals that came and the valor devices and everything - you know, there's a position called a combat controller. And the officer version of that is a special tactics officer. It would have been right up my alley. Despite everything that I had just proven, I was barred from even applying for that job.

Major Hegar, I got to ask you a couple of questions. I want it understood they in no way question your valor, your physical, mental or emotional capabilities. But, you know, the U. S.  Marine Corps, for example, has a 12-week course for officers that's a prerequisite for leaving infantry units. And the first two women who tried to make it through that course last year didn't.

Right.

Do you think standards should in any way be changed so that you get more equal numbers of men and women?

turn 3 : This statement implies that the interviewer is suggesting the standards be changed to encourage more equal numbers of men and women, instead of asking a question.

Which turn implies that the interviewer is suggesting a change in standards to encourage gender equality instead of asking a question?

Answer: Suggestion


You know, you're helping a lot of people, Mr.  Mayor.

Well, I hope I am. I don't see it, and that's what scares me most of all. We care about everybody. We have to reach out for all of them and try to be successful for them to help them be that support deal for them. It's not a positive day every day, but you have to make it into one.

The mayor of Fulton, Texas, Jimmy Kendrick - thanks so much for being with us, Mr.  Mayor. Good luck to you.

Well, I appreciate it. And just keep us in your prayers. It's always nice to have a prayer given for us.

turn 1 : The mayor is implicitly expressing his fear that he may not be helping as many people as he hopes he is, even though he is trying his best to reach out to them and provide them with the support they need.

Which emotion is the mayor experiencing regarding his ability to help people?

Answer: Fear


You've probably seen the signs in pharmacies now - flu shots here. You can buy shampoo, deodorant, nasal spray, M&M's and a flu shot. But if you're of a certain demographic, you might consider waiting a while before you get that shot. Here's some advice from Dr.  Laura Haynes, a professor of immunology at the University of Connecticut.

The best time for most people to get the flu vaccine would be in October. If you're a little bit older and over 65, I would say between Halloween and Thanksgiving.

Why should older people wait a month or more?Dr.  Haynes says. . .

Their immune response isn't as good to the vaccine. So the protection that's induced wanes more quickly. So therefore, you'd want to wait a little bit longer than you would if you were a younger adult. That way, you're protected throughout the majority of the really bad flu season, which happens from, say, January to April.

turn 3 : 4) - The suggested waiting period is to maintain protection throughout the flu season, not to get protection until the flu season.

What is the reason for the suggested waiting period for older people to get the flu vaccine?

Answer: Response


He did. When I - the first time I called him up, the conversation went like this: Hello?Alan Feuer. And I said, hey, it's Alan Feuer. And he went, oh, good man. I've been meaning to call you. And he really did talk like that. That is absolutely how he spoke.

So something out of - well, a kind of a cross between Franklin Delano Roosevelt and London.

Something like that. You know, the way I pictured it was those, you know, those Preston Sturges movies where, you know, it's almost like an Anglophilic-New York accent.

Oh, we use to call it Long Island lockjaw.

turn 0 : The way Alan Feuer spoke was unusual or unique.

Answer: Unique


He does seem more comfortable making deals with his fellow New Yorker Chuck Schumer than he does Mitch McConnell and Paul Ryan. But Republicans in Congress almost shrugged this off this week. Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell said, in his own dry way, we look forward to seeing the president's own legislative proposal. But this also does seem to be the first time in this tentative deal on the DREAMers that Donald Trump did something that could possibly alienate his base.

Well, that's a good point. I mean, what about his base?We have seen some reaction to this. What has it been?

This is splitting his base. Polls show that most Americans are sympathetic to the DREAMers. Majorities favor letting them stay, even large numbers of Republicans, but not the president's hardcore base. And we saw this week on Twitter some Trump supporters burning their Make America Great Again hats. We saw the headlines in Breitbart, the "alt-right" website run by his former political adviser, Steve Bannon. The headline said "Amnesty Don. "We're now going to find out how much of his base is what I call the Fifth Avenue voters, people who will stick with him no matter what. You know, he famously said, I could stand on Fifth Avenue and shoot someone and not lose any voters.

Right.

turn 0 : Donald Trump's deal on DREAMers is not supported by his base

Which website posted the headline "Amnesty Don" about Donald Trump's deal on DREAMers?

Answer: Breitbart


And so the last of this accretion events formed the moon, because accretion, when you have giant planets the size of Mars and Earth hitting each other, it's a pretty messy phenomenon.

But based on news this week, it sounds like that may not be the best theory.

Well, you know, the devil gets down to the details, and when you push these models forward, they start to come apart, and that's kind of the fun thing about science is you're sort of grasping at things, and they - sometimes you get them and hold them in your hand for a while, and they slip away like a fish.

Here we had this notion - and the reason this is so exciting right now is that starting in, you know, the mid-1970s, these sort of back-of-the-envelope calculations said hey, you know, we think planets formed this way, by collisions. We think we can explain the spin of the Earth, which is actually pretty fast if you add in the spin of the moon to the spin of the Earth, you know, that moon's orbiting the Earth, and if you think of it as one single planet, and if you brought all that mass together into one place, it would be equivalent to the Earth spinning with a period of only five hours, so much faster than it is today.

turn 1 : The current theory about the formation of the moon might not be accurate

How was the theory about the formation of the moon challenged in the dialogue?

Answer: Challenged


Great to be here.

Could you take us back to that moment - 1947, I guess; the Hotel Pennsylvania in Manhattan; and Edwin Land wheels in this mahogany-clad contraption.

That's right. At the very first demonstration, it was at a meeting of a big optical society; and he brought in one of those big-view cameras - the kind you see in pictures from the 19th century; you know, the big wooden thing with a cloth over the head. And they had installed a special back on it, to take prototype instant film. And as the story goes, he pulls a sheet of film out of his camera; and he puts it through a little pair of rollers, to develop it; and 50 seconds later, he peels it off and reveals his own face. And in fact, because they. . .

I feel like I should go (gasps).

Which year was the first demonstration of Edwin Land's instant camera?

Answer: Prototype


I know but that's exactly the dilemma I think a lot of comics are facing right now. It's, like, when things are even-keeled, then you can be edgy. But we're closer to that stuff. So it makes people a little bit more sensitive, a little bit more heightened.

So what happened in places when you were, like, in these places that you said you had a rough time?

Well, it's because, like, if you're not on the side of the liberal warriors, then people are going to be like, oh, well, this means you hate women. This means that, you know, he hates blacks. He hates Mexicans. He hates Jews. He hates gays. You know, and then you have, like - I'm at a club. And I'll say, hey, where are the Trump supporters?And if I say anything bad about Trump, then they're just, like, you know, cursing at me. And people are walking out. And I got - you won (laughter). Your guy's in office. Why are you storming out?I feel like if I handed out a paper before every show, and I said, tell me what you want me to talk about, it would be nothing on there. But it's just I've got to say, sometimes, it's not fun anymore.

That was comedian Erik Griffin.

turn 0 : Comics can no longer be as edgy due to heightened sensitivity of people

How are comics affected by the heightened sensitivity of people?

Answer: Edgy


When an American missionary was killed on a remote Indian Island last year, people around the world treated it as a punchline. John Allen Chau had been trying to reach members of an isolated and protected tribe to convert them to Christianity. The people of North Sentinel Island had fired arrows at him in warning, and on his third attempt to visit the island, they killed him. In the latest issue of Outside magazine, Alex Perry investigates what led Chau on this mission, and he joins us now. Welcome to ALL THINGS CONSIDERED.

Thanks for having me, Ari.

You say there were members of Chau's circle, family and friends of his, who have kept quiet since his death in November. And they only talked to you because you'd had a similar obsession with these islands when you were younger. But you didn't approach the island as a missionary. Tell us about your experience.

No, I was a journalist, a foreign correspondent based in India. And it was one of the first stories I heard when I got to India. This anthropologist I met, Vishvajet Pandya, told me about essentially a Neolithic tribe - or, in fact, several tribes living on these islands. And it was just such a sort of fantastical idea. I became quite obsessed by getting out there and particularly when I heard that one of the tribesmen had spent six months in a hospital and had learned Hindi, so there was a way to communicate.

turn 0 : when something is remote in this context means its deep in the countryside and far away from cities

How did people treat the killing of American missionary John Allen Chau?

Answer: punchline


Story's still unfolding, we understand. What are you hearing?

Well, the evidence is that the Islamic State is behind this. In addition to French President Francois Hollande saying that the attacks were the work of ISIS, the group itself claimed responsibility in an online statement a short time ago. And they say the attacks were a response to French airstrikes in Syria and that France would remain, in their words, a top target as long as it continued its current policies.

This has been independently confirmed by intelligence officials you've been able to talk to.

Well, my understanding is that officials first started to suspect ISIS was behind this late last night. There were some cellphone conversations or texts that the gunmen were exchanging while the attacks were going on. And they mentioned ISIS. And here's why that's important. You remember the Mumbai attacks in 2008 that were - those were attacks on hotels and Jewish centers and a railway station. Well, one of the ways that they traced it back to the perpetrators was by picking up phone conversations between the gunmen and their handlers in Pakistan. The information is still coming in, but it appears that something similar happened here.

turn 3 : (4): The implication is that the authorities were able to trace the perpetrators of the attacks by looking at cellphone conversations or texts.

What was one of the ways that the authorities traced the perpetrators of the attacks?

Answer: ISIS


Hi, Deb.

Hi there.

So you arrived in the country just after this massacre. Why did the Chinese government allow foreign journalists in?

We were so surprised about how easy it was. And it was no secret about who we were. When we arrived, the luggage carousel was filled with television cameras. And, you know, I was no China expert, but I had plenty of experience with autocratic governments. I was covering the Middle East at the time, so I'd been in Iraq. And I'd been in Syria. And I knew how these governments operate, so I figured that the Chinese authorities wanted to show that things were back to normal. And they wanted Western journalists to deliver that message. But when we got there, there was nothing that was back to normal.

Explain. What did you see?What was the atmosphere like?

turn 3 : "covering the Middle East" implies assigned to the Middle East for journalistic duties.

Which region was PersonA assigned to for journalistic duties?

Answer: Middle


Now, that's something that would be the kind of final explanation if we could rule out everything else, and of course the big job is ruling out everything else. So in our paper we have a number of possibilities, but again, none of them are easy. None of them are simple.

So if you wanted to have ordinary dark matter that has no stickiness, you would have to come up with some very convoluted mechanism for removing this cold dark matter from the galaxies that it loves so much. I mean, it just loves hanging out with these galaxies, doesn't want to let go of them under the cold, collision-less dark matter theory, which is our main theory that I think we all accept.

Yeah, but if you stick with the stickiness idea, then you have to give up the other ideas, that you think you know what dark matter is.

Yeah, so we actually don't know what dark matter really is. These are all theories. Dark matter is not part of our standard model of physics. The standard model accounts for protons and electrons and neutrons. But one of the things that's really exciting about dark matter, that makes it one of the deepest mysteries of the cosmos, is that we know - we are pretty sure that dark matter is not part of the standard model.

turn 3 : A: "But one of the things that's really exciting about dark matter, that makes it one of the deepest mysteries of the cosmos..." Implicated meaning: The speaker is expressing enthusiasm about the intriguing nature of dark matter, highlighting its status as one of the most profound mysteries in the universe. The actual meaning is not that dark matter is exciting in a literal sense, but rather that it presents a captivating and puzzling scientific inquiry.

What is the speaker expressing about dark matter's nature?

Answer: Enthusiasm


Out of respect, I don't want to go there, out of curiosity I do.

How much are you willing to tell us about how your innocence was stolen from you?

Well, growing up in a Christian family, you would have thought what happened to me would never happen because my mother loved me and she was very much aware of who I am, but I was a very mature little girl. And at 14, I was allowed to have a crush on a man who was 21. And because he was worldly, and had money, and he'd been in the Navy, you know, and I was, like, all little girls seek older men and we go, Oh my God, he's so cute. Oh my God, oh my God, oh my God.

Well, somehow in there my father wasn't watching, my mother was watching very closely and thought she could handle the situation and she allowed this relationship to happen. It should not have happened. I should not have been allowed to date a man, it made me have insecurities at an early age that I should never have had, but a man who could manipulate a little girl's mind and her heart. He was allowed to do things he shouldn't have done.

turn 3 : A was taken advantage of by a manipulative older man in her youth.

What caused PersonA to have insecurities at an early age?

Answer: Manipulation


Teenagers can seem sullen, moody and uncommunicative - unless you know how to listen to them. James Harbeck does. He's an editor and linguist in Canada who's analyzed sounds that can be distinctly annoying to adults. James Harbeck joins us from the studios of the CBC in Toronto. Thanks so much for being with us.

Hi. Nice to be here.

First, what made you devote any scholarship to this?

I wouldn't say that this is a grand scholarly work, exactly. It's more just an application of undergraduate-level phonetics to things that I hear on the bus on the way home.

turn 2 : is asking James Harbeck why he chose this particular topic to research.

How did James Harbeck apply his phonetics knowledge?

Answer: Application


So, you know, Emily, when your sister is in and out of the hospital, and you're bringing her books, you talk about teaching her about emotions. Can you just give an example of what you mean by that?Like, what is a conversation you had to have with your sister?

Well, it mostly happened, like, your emotions are biological events that happen in your body. It's physiological, real. Emotions are not just in your head. They are all over your body, in your chemistry. So she's reading these books, and she sees the word rage on the page and spontaneously bursts into sobs. And she calls me on the phone, and is like, your book here says that feelings are physical.

I was like, you're a choral conductor who expresses emotion through your body. You practice yoga. And she still, sort of, had not put it together that just because you've dealt with the stressors, that doesn't mean that you've dealt with the physical event of the stress in your body.

One of the lessons in your book is about completing the stress cycle. I loved this analogy of yours, this idea of a lion. Explain the concept of completing the stress cycle through the lion, Emily.

turn 1 : Emotions are not just mental, but physical experiences in the body.

Answer: Nature


Is Joaquin Guzman, El Chapo, any less of a folk hero to some Mexicans now that he's been recaptured?

That was also a discussion, if Sean Penn's piece was portraying him as a hero. And I don't think that in Mexico we consider El Chapo a hero, not as Pablo Escobar was considered a hero in Colombia back in the '80s. People know that El Chapo is not a hero. People know that he's a criminal, that he has committed murders, that he was one of the most wanted men in the world. So I don't think that people consider him a hero. He's just a character that people are wondering about and are very curious about.

Has the Mexican government tried to spin this story, as we might say?

Yeah, the Mexican government, I think that has been very intelligent in sharing some information with some newspapers, with some TVs, giving a little bit, giving cookies to different media to portray different stories about El Chapo. And I think that what they're trying to do is to actually stop the Mexican people believing that El Chapo is a hero. And they're attacking him where it hurts most to a Mexican man - machismo. So they're actually portraying a drug lord who wasn't able to perform sexually. So they're giving all these details now about El Chapo having surgery to perform better as a lover. But I think that's actually quite a shaming and quite embarrassing for a man in Mexico.

turn 3 :  In turn (4), "they're attacking him where it hurts most to a Mexican man - machismo" implies that the Mexican government is trying to discredit El Chapo by bringing up stories of his allegedly poor sexual performance.

Which aspect of El Chapo's life did the Mexican government use to discredit him?

Answer: Sexual


Yes. There's our only two fans in the room. That's great.

It is great, but surely not the reaction that Slat expected when he first dreamed up his plan to clean the ocean. Here's Slat explaining his original concept the first time we spoke in 2016.

I envisioned an extremely long network of floating barriers. They're like curtains floating in the ocean. And because it's in a V shape, the plastic gets pushed towards the center. And that's the spot where we can efficiently extract it from the seawater and store it before shipping it to land for recycling.

Well, as we know, Slat's idea didn't quite work as planned.

turn 2 : They are long strips of material that cover a wide area.

What shape are the floating barriers described in turn 2?

Answer: V-shape


Well, I think everybody knew something was coming. I did not have specific knowledge of the timing or the nature of the strike. But - so there may have been notification to the speaker and the majority leader but not to Congress generally.

Do you feel that Congress should have had a chance to weigh in?

I think it's very important to distinguish what the strike was and what it wasn't. It was specifically narrowly focused on chemical weapons and chemical weapons production. That's been out of bounds in military years for over a hundred years with a few exceptions. Had it been a more general strike on the Assad regime, an attempt to change the calculus in the civil war, I believe that would have definitely required congressional approval. But I think the narrow strike to maintain the principle that countries around the world have recognized for so long that chemical weapons are out of bounds, I don't think that was a case where congressional approval was necessary in advance. But had it been a different kind of strike with broader implications, I'm one of those - along with a group of others in the Senate - who strongly believe there needs to be congressional approval.

Well, let me ask - I assume the president would have won that vote, right?

turn 2 : Out of bounds implies it's not allowed to happen

Answer: Chemical


Yes, they were congenial outdoors as they greeted each other with their wives, and they waved for the cameras, and they walked inside. They spent about an hour together in the Oval Office and then nearly a second hour talking in the residence portion of the White House, which, of course, was being shown to both of the Obamas so that they could get some idea of where they might want to locate themselves and put their children, how they might want to redecorate. And while I think this was a ginger conversation between the two of them, I think it was cordial as well, and there was quite a bit to discuss.

Right, well, this is a ritual. It happens every four years or every eight years, but was there any substance at all?

You know, I believe there was. I believe that, going into the discussion, the White House chief of staff currently, Josh Bolton, was saying that the president really did have a number of things he wanted to convey to his successor about how things are going in certain realms, and I think we're talking foreign policy here largely, but also in terms of the economic crisis and the rescue packages.

And he wanted to have a little bit of a discussion to kind of unburden a little bit of his own thoughts on what we ought to be doing on those fronts and, of course, we can assume the president-elect would have responded. That's why it took some time.

turn 0 : The meeting was polite but not necessarily friendly.

Answer: Cordial


Chris Scheuerman knew that his son was having troubles coping with combat. In March of 2005 while Jason was on leave, he told his father he was scared. Chris Scheuerman told him that was natural, and before leaving him at the airport for his return to Iraq, he reminded Jason to seek help if he was feeling depressed. A month later, after putting a rifle in his mouth, Jason visited an Army chaplain. A few weeks after that, Jason was evaluated by an Army psychologist.

He told me that the psychologist had given him a standardized test and talked to him for about 10 minutes. And after that evaluation, he sent a note back to the command stating that Jason was capable of feigning his illness in order to manipulate his command. That assessment brought much hardship down on my son, and this is after this unit had seen Jason with the muzzle of his weapon in his mouth and did nothing. This is a unit in which a chaplain writes he believed my son to be possessed by demons and obsessed with suicide, and did nothing. On the day that Jason took his life, he was given an Article 15, which in the military, is a non-judicial punishment. They gave him that for being out of uniform. During those proceedings, his first sergeant told him that if he was faking his illness, then he would go to jail and become someone's butt buddy, and Jason talks to that statement in his suicide note.

What does he say?

Basically, paraphrasing it, he speaks that life is not worth living if all he has looked forward to is being in jail and being someone's butt buddy.

turn 1 : Butt Buddy is a derogatory remark and not a term for an actual friend

How is "Butt Buddy" used in the dialogue?

Answer: Manipulation


How does the government even know that they might have overpaid?

Well, they have records going back that say, you know, you were eligible for X amount per month. And then maybe somebody in the family went back to work and got more in the way of earnings than they would have had to be eligible for those benefits. And so there was this debt sitting there on the account over all these years. But in many of these cases, the government can't even say who exactly incurred the debt. It might have been a surviving spouse. It might have been surviving children. All they know is that the debt is on the books. And apparently their regulations allow them to go after almost anyone in the surviving family without regard to whether they were the ones who got the benefits in the first place.

And they have no recourse?

Well, there's an appeals process, and you can seek a waiver. The folks I've spoken to, for the most part, when they call or visit Social Security, they're told, yeah, you can go through the waiver process, but you're not likely to win. The Social Security Administration tells me that about 10 percent do win their case, but that's 90 percent who don't. And of that 90 percent, some of them, it's just, you know, a few hundred dollars maybe, and they figure it's not worth the battle. In other cases, it's some thousands of dollars, and they really need the money. But very few lawyers will touch these cases because they are relatively small amounts of money involved.

turn 3 :  "win their case" does not refer to a legal case but rather to the process of appealing and receiving a waiver for the debt owed to the Social Security Administration.

How does "win their case" refer to the process of what?

Answer: Process


It was interesting, because my first novel, "Platitudes," was pretty fictional. My second two novels, "Right Here, Right Now" and "Home Repairs," especially "Home Repairs," was pretty autobiographical.

So this time, I really wanted to try my hand at writing a novel about myself. So I tried to write it as artfully as you would write a novel with the same kind of conceits that I put into, let's say, "Platitudes," like kind of funny screenplays and music lyrics and footnotes, and write it artistically but tell the story of my life.

And that was the tricky part, to see myself as a character and not as myself.

You have - at one point in the book, you talk about all these dreams that you had to write books and to direct, and you write: I'm convinced that my delusion of seeing the story of my life as just that, a grand story, is the only thing that has staved off even more debilitating mental illnesses.

turn 2 : "To see myself as a character and not as myself" - The speaker is not literally seeing themselves as a fictional character, but rather trying to distance themselves emotionally from their personal story in order to write it in an artistic and creative way.

How did the speaker approach writing their own life story?

Answer: Character.


No, so Wim van Egmond is an artist, and he was trained as an artist. He was a painter at first, and he was really into painting from these scientific illustrations, biological illustrations from hundreds of years ago. And he said, well, you know, I could just do this myself. So he purchased his first microscope about 20 years ago and since then has been kind of perfecting the technique.

But when he started, you know, he was also working with film, like Roman Vishniac. And, you know, when he had to look up what he was looking at, these organisms, he was looking in reference books, things that are just unthinkable these days, of course you would just Google.

So he said that, you know, progress has gotten much faster because now you can just look and see your result immediately. You don't have to develop your film, and - you know, and so he's gotten - it sounds like he's gotten - he's sort of refined his techniques much more quickly in the days of the digital camera.

turn 3 : Now I know you like to limit the size of your video pick to like three or four minutes." Literal meaning: The speaker has learned that the person being addressed prefers videos that are three or four minutes long. Actual meaning: The speaker is likely to be suggesting that the person being addressed limit their video pick to a short length of time, possibly due to some constraint such as the attention span of the intended audience.

What is the suggested length for the video pick?

Answer: three


General, do you have to worry about the possibility that even in, at least what so far seems to be uncontested conflict - if that's quite the term of art, I mean, in the air - that some technical problem could bring an F-22 down and then the Syrians or ISIL would have it and give it to the Chinese?

Fortunately, we have a fairly - really reliable aircraft. And so that is an event that would be exceedingly rare. However. . .

It happened to a stealth. I think we all recall that.

Yeah, but those kind of things are very rare when you look at the total number of sorties and missions that we've flown over the last, you know, 25 years.

turn 3 : . The implied meaning of (4) is that the General is downplaying the possibility of a technical problem, despite the fact that a stealth fighter did crash in the past.

What is the reason for the General's downplaying the possibility of a technical problem, despite the fact that a stealth fighter did crash in the past?

Answer: Downplaying


Well, the - there in every single state, and the data changes state by state, but in every single state, there is a huge disproportionality between the number of particularly African-Americans, but also Latino youths, who wind up in high-level facilities, as opposed to Caucasians youth who wind up in high-level facilities.

And by high level you mean the higher security, more. . .

I mean, higher - yes, more intensive, more secure facilities. Ironically, or maybe not so ironically, when you look at high - facilities that have a high-level of treatment, you'll see disproportionally white youth in the high-level of treatment facilities. But from the very first day, when we start with arrests, which I'm sure you're very familiar with, but moving on through the system, there is continuous and increased disproportionality.

That doesn't even deal with the real disproportionality in the system, between families that have assets, and the families that have fewer assets. So, youth in the juvenile justice system are primarily African-Americans and Latinos that are almost entirely low-income youth.

turn 2 : White youth are overrepresented in high-level treatment facilities.

How are white youth represented in high-level treatment facilities?

Answer: Overrepresented


I think the best example I can give is Nelson Mandela, who's paid more of a price, who sacrificed more, he won, and then at a point, he says, now it is time for me to go on. He, if anyone, earned the right to say I am going to sit here and be the president of South Africa till I die. He said no, I've served my time. The fact that I spent 27 years in jail notwithstanding, I'm going to move on, and I think that that is why everyone respected him as a great man, because he did not put his own vanity above the cause.

Reverend Sharpton, great to talk to you.

Thank you, have a great day.

Reverend Al Sharpton is a civil rights activist and host of the syndicated radio talk show Keeping it Real. He is also the President of the National Action Network.

turn 3 : something that was hinted at or suggested, but not directly stated. When a person looks at his watch

Which action was hinted at in the turn mentioned in the statement?

Answer: Looking


And this could sound obvious, and this could sound like a no-brainer. But the reality in Mexico is that whenever a journalist is killed, investigators - their first reaction is to always try to find a motive that is not related to journalistic work. So they find any other motive - economic motive or maybe a passion motive, anything except journalistic work because they don't want to admit that they have a problem of press freedom in their hands. But I think in this case it is really obvious why Javier Valdez was killed.

Yeah. This is going to sound naive. But why do you think it's important to do stories like that?I mean, drug cartels - people often prefer just to look the other way - don't they?

Well, yes. But if you don't report on them, then nobody else will. And it is not just the stories about the drug cartels. It is the stories about the consequences that they are unleashing in Mexican public life in every level. I live in a city that, for years, was the turf in a turf war between two drug cartels. And the effects of the violence that they unleashed was devastating for the city because investment never came in. Jobs were not created. Nightlife shut down. People stopped going out on the street. We all started to distrust from one another. Neighborhoods began putting up gates and fences, and so it was really disruptive.

Your newspaper was attacked, wasn't it?

turn 1 : "people often prefer just to look the other way" - the literal meaning is to physically look in another direction, but the actual meaning is to ignore or avoid confronting a difficult or uncomfortable situation.

Which turn in the dialogue implies a possible reason for why people avoid reporting on drug cartels?

Answer: Consequences


Now, the Russian government doesn't get many chances in this context internationally, on the global stage, to do the right thing. I have been criticizing the Russian government while I am here. What more can I do to satisfy you or any of these critics who hold these positions?The reality is there is nothing that will satisfy them because it is their suspicion, it is their skepticism, it is their distrust of the Russian government as an institution which is motivating this.

I mean, do I have to detail for you the ways in which the Putin government has earned (laughter) some suspicion?

No, no. Absolutely not. Again, I agree with you. This (laughter) - look, look; this is why I have been criticizing the Russian government. There's no distance between us on that. I'm not saying Vladimir Putin is an angel. I'm not even saying Vladimir Putin is a decent guy. What I'm saying is you have to understand there doesn't need to be a quid pro quo here for it to make sense.

Edward Snowden. Elsewhere in the program, he talks about his work at the NSA before he leaked classified information and tells us what's keeping him from returning to the U. S.  to face trial.

turn 2 : He is not saying that Putin never does anything wrong and is very nice.

How does PersonA describe Putin's character?

Answer: Not


Well, one last question about this because there is speculation that this weather may be due to the loss of ice during the summertime at the polar region. Is there any evidence for that being the trigger?

No, that has a lot of other dramatic effects on our climate, but for stratospheric warming events, what we're looking at are very large systems, such as the one that was off of the northeast coast of Japan. Also it's been correlated to sunspot activity. So that's kind of a factor that doesn't affect the troposphere so much, but it does involve some (unintelligible) content action in the stratosphere. So we're seeing a correlation between a solar activity and then these big, very unstable systems late in the season like we saw off the northeast coast of Japan.

All right, well, people always blame stuff on sunspots, so. . .

That's right, it's hard to prove them wrong.

turn 0 : a trigger in this context means something causing something else

Which term did PersonA use to describe the correlation between solar activity and the unstable systems late in the season?

Answer: CAUSE


The Negro National League's last innings came in 1940s, after Jackie Robinson headed for the big leagues. Kadir Nelson's new book, "We Are the Ship" captures black-American baseball at the top of its game. Kadir is an award-winning children's book illustrator. He's collaborated with Will Smith, Spike Lee and Debbie Allen. For "We Are the Ship," he did all of the writing and all of the artwork, and his rich, detailed paintings show Negro-league superstars as if they're posing for the camera or deep in a game of hard ball.

Kadir Nelson joins me now. How are you?

I'm great. Thanks for having me.

So you have done playful children's books. You've illustrated books for young people about historic figures. Tell me about Buck O'Neil.

turn 3 :  "Tell me about Buck O'Neil" - this turn is a request for information about Buck O'Neil rather than literally asking the speaker to narrate or explain something to the listener.

What was the turn in the conversation that requested information about a specific person?

Answer: Turn3


From NPR News, it's Day to Day. Later tonight, I will be hosting dinner at my house with friends I invited, which hopefully will keep the meal mellow because we all tend to see eye to eye on most things.

But not everyone is as lucky. If you find yourself sharing a table today with family or friends who don't share your political views, well, fret not. Slate. com's chief political correspondent John Dickerson has put together some ammunition to help you should the conversation turn to politics. He joins us now from his home in Washington, D. C.  Hi, John.

Hello. Happy Thanksgiving.

And to you as well. John, you have for Slate provided backup to both sides of the argument on a number of topics. Let's start off with the financial crisis. Now, let's say that your Aunt Edna is a Democrat and your cousin Joe is a Republican. What argument can each of them make over the pumpkin pie as to who's to blame for all this mess?

turn 3 : Even though your family members have different political affiliations, they can still discuss the financial crisis over pumpkin pie.

Which topic can Aunt Edna and cousin Joe discuss over the dessert?

Answer: Financial


Ms.  LYNNE D.  JOHNSON (Blogger, fastcompany. com): Hi, how are you, Farai?

I'm great so, just quickly describe the video blog post for listeners who've not seen it.

Oh boy.

Well, it's basically something done as parody - described as parody in black face. Probably the most stereotypical depiction of a black person, an imagined black tech blogger with dreadlock wig, and speaking in a slang and talking about a website, called, you know about hos, or something like that. Hos and area codes. And so, a year ago, you know, people found this totally offensive, but it was in the - as you said in the insular web 2. 0 world, in the web community, people on Huffington Post, and PodTech heard some of the backlash and decided to not associate with Loren Feldman.

turn 3 : The video blog post was racist and offensive.

Which type of blog post did Loren Feldman create?

Answer: Racist


As we move forward, though, and as you see President Trump continue to backtrack on his comments on background checks, in the last 30 seconds we have, what would you like to tell him to stay on the message that you would like him to stay on?

Listen to the American people. We're a democracy. That's what we're supposed to be doing. There can be special interests that are whispering in his ear. They represent the past. What the future is are the kids in our elementary schools or high schools that practice a mass shooting drill during the first couple days of school. That's not the United States of America.

Democratic Mayor Greg Fischer of Louisville, thank you very much.

Thank you.

turn 1 : 'Special interests whispering in his ear' is figurative. It means that special interest groups - probably the NRA - have too much influence over the President.

Which phrase is used figuratively to suggest special interest groups having too much influence over the President?

Answer: Whispering


Yeah. What damage in the United States near as you can tell?

Well, we're not really aware of what the damage is precisely. I mean, that's still being accounted for. One thing interestingly for people that are dissecting what happened is that many systems are now trying to clean up the damage. So it's hard to know exactly what happened. It's kind of like cleaning up a crime scene before doing the forensics on it. One thing that is being discussed - this is possibly malware coming from the NSA. Some security experts who've been collecting samples of the malware and dissecting them have been saying that these criminal attacks are based on attacks designed by the National Security Agency and then released into the public by a hacking group called The Shadow Brokers.

You know, now, the NSA, they would have wanted to use the malware for spying purposes, right?The agency has a huge shop - we're very well aware of this - one of the world's best shops, dedicated to finding weaknesses in software and taking advantage of those weaknesses to break in and steal information for spying purposes. The problem is once you break in, you make digital keys, you can't really control who gets them. So this attack is raising one of these fundamental issues that we talk about in the security world about whether NSA surveillance protects people or creates unexpected damage that does more harm than good.

So I - so it's possible that there - it's possible that the NSA program to try and limit damage and trace people who would do harm to the country wound up doing harm across the world.

turn 1 : "It's kind of like cleaning up a crime scene before doing the forensics on it."

Which task is compared to cleaning up a crime scene in the dialogue?

Answer: Forensics


And some - I'm trying to blend. I'm trying to be a weevil.

I got you. You know, you talked about singing to your children. Do you suggest singing to pregnant mothers, too?(unintelligible)

Absolutely. Absolutely. They can hear - babies can hear from about six months gestation. This is the way language development begins. This is the way we teach. This is the way we connect, nurture, and love our young. And although we have many devices, many toys that bleep and beep and sing and all of that, it's really important to have that human element. So speaking to, reading to, singing to your very young child is extremely important.

Nnenna Freelon, you are a fantastic talent. We appreciate you coming on News & Notes. Thank you very much.

turn 2 : Speaking, reading, and singing to young children is important for their growth and development

How do we begin language development in young children?

Answer: Language


You know, we don't do a lot of cookbooks on this show. Hugh Acheson's latest cookbook fits right in. It doesn't show much cooking. The chef is shown reading in a lawn chair, taking a hot bath, even playing the cello - at least holding the bow over one.

It's a book about what you can cook - if that's quite the word - while you do something else, even for hours. "The Chef And The Slow Cooker" is by Hugh Acheson, the acclaimed Canadian Southern chef who owns big-name restaurants in Georgia and is a judge on "Top Chef. "He joins us from WABE in Atlanta.

Chef, thanks so much for being with us.

It's great to be here, Scott.

turn 2 : The turn in (3) has an implied meaning of appreciation rather than a literal meaning of thanks.

What is the implied meaning of the turn in (3)?

Answer: Appreciation


Unfortunately, we know that the homeless individuals who are unsheltered and living in the street are disproportionately burdened with behavioral health challenges, mental disease, substance abuse disorders. And so if a nurse from the government shows up with a syringe and says, hey, I'm here from the government. I'm here to help you. Take this shot - it's not so simple. We have had to spend a tremendous amount of time building trust, providing education and making the case for why receiving a vaccine is such a critical opportunity for them to protect their health.

What are the symptoms of hepatitis A?

These are symptoms that basically reflect inflammation of the liver. And the most common symptoms are basically fever, fatigue, nausea and vomiting, significant abdominal pain, the loss of appetite. And then one of the telltale things is either darkening of the urine or what's called jaundice, which is the common yellowing of the eyes and the yellow hue of the skin, indicating liver enzymes being spilled into the bloodstream. So jaundice is also a very common symptom.

Dr.  Yphnatides, if you think long term about changes you would want to see made to prevent another outbreak like this in the future, where does that take you?

turn 1 : Building trust and providing education are necessary in order to make a convincing argument for why homeless individuals should receive the vaccine.

Which critical factor is required to make a convincing argument for homeless individuals to receive the vaccine?

Answer: Education


Now, how does Ukraine come in?

It's very confusing, but let's see what I can do here. So on the Internet, things move really fast. It's like a huge game of telephone. So once this firm caught the attention of the far-right online, they discovered that it was owned by a Russian American man who had previously done some work for a think tank called the Atlantic Council. It's a D. C. -based think tank, sort of works alongside NATO. And it's a pretty innocuous place. It does research on misinformation and digital warfare, things like that.

And there's a Ukrainian oligarch who was on one of the advisory boards for the Atlantic Council. And it seems somewhere along the line, the Ukrainian oligarch became the owner of CrowdStrike. This is not true, of course. But when things are moving so fast online, facts start to combine together, and it becomes very confusing.

So the idea is people who are on the far-right, conspiracy theorists, went looking for a connection, went looking to say, who are these CrowdStrike guys?And once they do enough looking, they're able to find a Ukrainian oligarch who they say, aha, this is the connection. So what about this server that the president implied was somehow in Ukraine?I mean, he - on this call talked to Ukraine's leader and brought up CrowdStrike. What would he be looking for?

turn 1 : Information on the internet is passed from person to person quickly. The man did some work for an organization where people think of solutions to problems.

What type of organization did the man work for?

Answer: Think


And just before he died, he recorded what would be his biggest song.

Then comes April of 1968 in Memphis. The sanitation workers are on strike. That brought Martin Luther King, Jr.  to town to speak and to show support, and that was when he was murdered at the Lorraine Motel. It hit people at Stax especially hard.

Yes, because the Lorraine, they had a swimming pool and they had a restaurant that would serve an integrated table, and all the Stax visiting artists would stay at the Lorraine. That was their hangout. So, this horrible event at their second home not far from their own building, it was devastating, just absolutely devastating. Isaac Hayes told me he couldn't write for a year.

I want to talk about a song recorded by the Staple Singers that spoke to the issue of black empowerment.

You consider it one of the most important songs the label ever produced - "Respect Yourself. "

It's a great, catchy pop song with a really deep message - Mavis Staples singing lead and Pops' guitar sound. It sounds like an organ.

turn 5 : (6) - "It sounds like an organ." implies that the guitar sound in the song resembles the sound of an organ, rather than actually being an organ.

Which instrument does the guitar sound in the song "Respect Yourself" resemble?

Answer: Organ


How close is it?

It's about three parsecs away, about 12 light-years away, something like that.

So if there is intelligent life on that planet, and I'm just speculating here, it would be possible to communicate with them in real time almost, right, a lifetime, at least one person's lifetime if they could signal back and forth in 12 light-years?

Well, and that's the reason that studying these nearest stars is so interesting. If you have a chance of contacting any intelligent beings on these things, you could have a two-way conversation easily within a lifetime around these nearest stars.

turn 1 : The planet is far away from us, but it's measurable

Which unit of measurement is used to describe the distance of the planet mentioned in the dialogue?

Answer: light-years


(Laughter) I have no idea. I know that the pope - his five most famous words may be - who am I to judge?- which is about gay people. And I know that he has gay friends. You know, one of the people that he met with during his papal visit in the United States was a gay friend and his partner. So he's open to what he calls a culture of encounter and accompaniment. He's certainly in favor of listening to people and meeting them where they are. And so on that page, you know, we agree.

You suggest in a couple of sections of the book that there must be priests who are LGBT, but they are faithful to their vows of chastity.

Yeah, I know them. And, you know, by saying that a priest is gay, it doesn't mean that he's breaking his promise of celibacy or his vow of chastity or, you know, lesbian nuns. And one of the challenges for the church is to recognize these people and to see them as the gifts that they are as all LGBT people are to the church. They are gifts, beloved children of God who bring certain gifts and certain talents to our church, to the community.

Father James Martin - his book, "Building A Bridge: How The Catholic Church And The LGBT Community Can Enter Into A Relationship Of Respect, Compassion, And Sensitivity" - thanks so much for being with us.

turn 2 : advocating for the recognition of these individuals within the church and emphasizing that their sexual orientation should not diminish their inherent value and contributions as beloved children of God.

Which group does Father James Martin advocate for within the church?

Answer: LGBT


The size of the painting certainly is a huge challenge. And because we're capturing so much data with a variety of imaging techniques, we're generating terabytes of data that, down the line, we'll be using computer analysis and artificial intelligence to actually interpret some of the data. So that is a sort of a goal down the line to actually figure out the best way to look at this kind of information.

So shoring up IT.

That is certainly one of the goals. That doesn't mean to say that you still don't need the experts. In our Night Watch research team, we have experts of all different kinds - curators, art historians, conservators, scientists. You still need those experts, you know, for interpretation of the data. But I mean, you want to take away a lot of the manual work, a lot of the looking. And that's where artificial intelligence and computers will be very helpful.

Well, I'm sure Rembrandt couldn't imagine that. Right?

turn 0 : The auto industry is experiencing trouble and unemployment is rising. The Dow Jones Index's drop below 8,000 has Wall Street concerned

Which index has Wall Street concerned, as stated in the statement?

Answer: Dow


Exactly.

At the same time, she's this very sassy character. And, you know, so many of the characters here are very, you know, just sexy, kind of contemporary figures. And there's a joie-de-vivre about this, and even though she touches on a lot of heavy themes, including race and patriotism, there's a certain sass to this. Is that what attracted you to her work?

Well, I was astounded at her work. I was actually looking for something else in her cartoon that is in the late '40s. Most of her cartooning was done in the late '40s and early '50s. This one year of '37 was kind of a little different thing.

I was looking for evidence of a doll. I knew that she created a doll, and I thought I could find some evidence of that in her cartoons. And then yeah, I found the doll, but then I went on to see all of the different topics that she took on, and that got fascinating.

turn 1 :  B's turn contains figurative language, as "sassy" and "sexy" are not meant to be taken literally. They are used to describe the personality and appearance of the characters in the cartoon.

Which two adjectives are used by PersonB to describe the characters in the cartoon?

Answer: Sassy,Sexy


Right.

. . . Take me as I am. How did people perceive that?

Well, yeah. It's funny to think back. I shaved it all off because I didn't want to be a sex object. And there I was playing in bars, you know, mostly surrounded by men with drinks in their hands. And I was getting attention for not the right reasons. I wanted a different kind of power, I think.

(Singing) I am not a pretty girl. That is not what I do. I ain't no damsel in distress.

turn 3 : The speaker does not conform to traditional gender roles.

Which characteristic of the PersonA's behavior challenges societal norms?

Answer: Different


So, what do you make of all these pardons?

These pardons are a typical old practice in Russia and the Soviet Union. But, of course, President Vladimir Putin made a wonderful publicity show of pardoning Mikhail Khodorkovsky and this was totally unexpected. There had been talk about another trial against him. And instead, now he's already in Germany.

Let me ask you about what seemed to be, from Mr.  Putin's point of view, a productive week. Ukraine's government, after weeks of some wavering, decided not to sign an agreement with the European Union and instead threw in with the economic aid package from Moscow. How do you read that?

Well, I think it's quite a victory for President Putin and also for President Yanukovych. What President Putin got, it was some kind of alliance with Ukraine. And he also got support for his kind of economic and political system, rather authoritarian and not quite run by the rule of law. And President Yanukovych, he got $50 million in a probably quite expensive loan, which means that he can keep going for 15 months more, until he has presidential elections in Ukraine.

I'm curious as to why Ukraine seems to be teetering. Because when the USSR split up, a lot of people said this is going to be a country with a lot going for it - almost 50 million people; it was considered the breadbasket of the old Soviet Union; coal, steel. What's happened?

turn 3 : A: "What President Putin got, it was some kind of alliance with Ukraine" - The literal meaning of this statement is that Putin gained an alliance with Ukraine. The actual meaning could be that Putin gained a strategic advantage by aligning Ukraine with his economic and political system.

What did Putin gain by aligning Ukraine with his economic and political system?

Answer: Strategic


And how much do we know at this moment in time, this early in the day, about what the damage is up there?

You know, we saw reports. As we were doing live coverage, we saw reports of damage start to trickle in. But, really, right after an earthquake, it is, like, fog of war. No one knows what's going on. Emergency responders are just going out trying to survey the damage. We did hear reports of fires.

We got some calls into our - into KPCC of people telling us that they had fallen. One woman said that she thought maybe she broke her wrist. And there were a lot of people who were just afraid to go back into their houses, which is another big thing with big earthquakes - is that it disrupts people's lives not just for that one moment, but continuously, especially after aftershock after aftershock after aftershock keeps hitting.

All right. Well, we'll be getting updates throughout the morning. And thanks very much for joining us. KPCC's Jacob Margolis, science reporter and host of a podcast called "The Big One: Your Survival Guide. "Thank you, Jacob.

turn 1 : We saw reports of damage slowly come in to our studio. It is chaotic and confusing for everyone right after an earthquake and everyone is a bit stunned.

How did the damage reports come in after the earthquake?

Answer: Trickle


It was you coming forward that helped open the floodgates in that case with Larry Nassar. Do you believe there are other abuse cases in the Southern Baptist Church that have yet to come to light?

Oh, absolutely. You know, survivors live in silence for so long. And one of the reasons that they do - the main reason they do is because they watch how society talks about abuse. And they watch how our culture treats abuse victims. And that's one of the primary things we need to change. We have to let them know that they are safe when they come forward before they're going to be able to speak up. Our cultural and societal response to those survivors who have spoken up is really going to set the tone for whether or not others feel free to come forward.

And may I ask, as someone who's prominently working on this within the church while obviously wanting to respect the anonymity of people coming forward, do women come to you and tell you their stories?

They do all the time. And oftentimes, I am the first disclosure. And I consider that an absolute privilege to be trusted with their stories. It's not something I ever take for granted.

turn 3 : Being the first disclosure for a survivor is a privilege

How does PersonA feel about survivors trusting them with their stories?

Answer: Trusted


So you get a sense of how this whole thing is going. Obviously, we should then inject alcohol into the situation. For his new show, Brad spent some time around Austin, Texas. So to cap off the visit, we made a cocktail - a paloma made out of a spirit called sotol, distilled from a plant that grows in the Texas desert.

All right. So first up. . .

Yeah.

. . . We're going to mix it with a little grapefruit. OK, I'm going to make a little grapefruit juice.

turn 0 : "inject alcohol into the situation" - this is an idiomatic expression and does not actually mean injecting alcohol into something. It means to add alcohol to a situation to make it more fun or relaxed.

What does the expression "inject alcohol into the situation" mean?

Answer: Fun


It's not unusual for a new president to shed some of the staff that comes in with him in the first year. You know, people from the campaign, for example, who don't fit in in the new environment. But this is the earliest we've ever seen a chief of staff go. And this many departees at this high level, it's hard to think of an analog in the first six months of any other administration.

OK.  A really big legislative story this week with the Senate failing to repeal the Affordable Care Act. Is that effort dead as in really, really, really dead?

It is dead for the moment. You know, the president has been tweeting in the last 24 hours about killing the filibuster rule because it's too hard to get to 60 votes. You know, on this bill, all they needed was 50 votes and they could not get to 50 votes. And the real problem here is not process. It's the problem. They don't have consensus on health care. So it looks dead in the Senate, at least for the moment, but it could be revived in the longer run.

And just quickly, we could have started our conversation with North Korea or Russia. The world is out there, isn't it?

turn 1 :  implies that the questioner is asking if the effort to repeal the Affordable Care Act is completely over, while (4) implies that the questioner is suggesting that there are more important issues that the conversation could have started with than North Korea or Russia.

How would you describe the level of consensus on health care among the senators?

Answer: Knowing


. . . You are from this area - born in D. C. , raised in Maryland and Virginia - the DMV, as we like to say. So what's it like to be back home now that you're blowing up like this?Can you go to, like, the CVS if you want to without being recognized?

Yeah. I definitely can go to the CVS. You know, sometimes people recognize me, sometimes they don't. But it's a beautiful feeling, and I just can't wait to move back eventually.

How did you start singing or how did you realize you could sing?

I don't know. I just was always singing. I didn't know if it was good or not, but my grandma, she told me that I sounded like an angel. And that maybe - perhaps that kept me going. I mean, I always wanted a solo at the church, and they didn't ever give it to me. But eventually they did, and I froze. But then I killed it. And I just feel like that kind of just followed me all throughout my life.

turn 2 : the phrase "sounded like an angel" does not literally mean that the speaker's voice sounded like a divine being, but rather that their grandmother thought they had a beautiful singing voice

What did the PersonA's grandmother think about their singing voice?

Answer: Beautiful


What do you think she'd think of what you've done?

I think she would be amazed. (Laughter) I have had nothing to do with the fashion world, and I don't think I'm known particularly for being fashionable. But in fact, Inga was my mother's name. But it's only afterwards that I realized looking it up that it actually means a hero's daughter. And that's very much how we feel - that this concept is in honor of the heroes in our life. And I hope it brings a great deal of comfort and dignity to others and just break this vicious cycle that patients often find themselves in.

Nikla Lancksweert is the co-founder of the clothing company INGA Wellbeing. Thank you so much for being with us.

Thank you.

turn 1 : A: "I think she would be amazed." - The literal meaning suggests that the person being referred to would be surprised or astonished. However, the actual meaning here implies that the speaker believes the person mentioned would be proud or impressed by what they have accomplished.

Which emotion does the turn "I think she would be amazed" imply?

Answer: Proud


But some people might want the extra three months of the nine months option. Just look through and see what's offered. And the other good thing is, this is not one of those negative option kind of options. At the end of the six months or nine months, they're not going to automatically enroll you into a plan in which you have to pay, because the six month is worth about 60 dollars and the nine month is about 115 dollars. So they will absolutely stop it, and you have to say, I want this back. But listen, for six or nine months you've got someone looking through your TransUnion credit file, so it's worth it.

You know, Michelle, what you're saying is anyone who has applied for credit, essentially in the last 20 years, any credit card, is eligible for this. There is a benefit, including maybe some cash, sitting there on the table. You can write in and get it. That's it?

That's it. That's exactly right. And you do have to register for it. It's not automatic, and you have to go to www. listclassaction. com. And once you go to the site, you click on the link for Register for Benefits. And then they will email you and tell you later when you can actually start getting the monitoring service.

We will link to you and to this website at our site, that's npr. org. Michelle Singletary, personal finance columnist for the Washington Post and contributor to Day to Day. Michelle, thank you.

turn 1 : There is free money available for those who have applied for credit.

Which website do you need to visit to register for the benefits?

Answer: Crowding


Mr.  Zandi, you served as an adviser for Senator John McCain's presidential campaign, and now you've been working with the Democrats in leadership. I'm wondering, what sort of advice are you giving them for how to get out of this situation?

Well, I think the most important thing is that government policy needs to be very aggressive. We need a concerted, comprehensive, and consistent response to our economic problems. The crisis is very severe and significant. And without such a response, we're going to be in the economic soup, so to speak, for a long time to come.

And specifically - I'm sure there's many things you've suggested - could you give us a couple of highlights of concrete plans?

Well, the thing that's on the drawing board right now is the economic stimulus plan, and I think we do need a very large plan that would include increases in government spending and tax cuts.

To add to this troubled economy, we now have the latest unemployment figures out this morning from major metropolitan areas. Here's how they look. In November 2007, 18 areas reported jobless rates of at least seven percent. In November 2008, that number jumped to 121. Which areas have seen the highest unemployment rate?

turn 3 : not a physical drawing board or easel, but the most important thing on an agenda or plan; not a physically big-in-size plan, but a plan with many elements or parts to it

How should government policy be in response to the economic problems, according to A?

Answer: Aggressive


That's Theia. That's the Mars-sized planet that people have been invoking all these years, for about the last 40 years now. And that led to detailed models and dozens and dozens of papers exploring this idea of fleshing out various scenarios. And in the last 10 years, we really thought we were approaching the endgame, where we could make the Earth, we could give it its spin, we could, you know, make a moon. . .

And you had it all wrapped up?

We had it all wrapped up, and not only could we make a moon, but we could make a moon that has pretty odd composition. I mean, the moon has a composition that's really odd. It's like - it is like George Darwin said, it's like you pulled a piece of the mantle out of the Earth and popped it into the sky, but. . .

So it's made of mostly Earth stuff?

turn 0 : A planet named Theia has been discussed for 40 years.

What was the topic of discussion for the past 40 years?

Answer: Theia


And those two factors - genetic variation and large populations - are perfect recipes for Darwinian evolution. So RNA viruses evolve very quickly. They adapt very quickly. If they pass from one species of host into another - for instance, from a bat, or a monkey or a rodent, into humans - they seem to have a better chance of flourishing, of adapting to the new host and finding ways to transmit onward. So the RNA viruses, the single-stranded RNA viruses, are particularly on the watch list for the disease scientists who study this field.

I'm Flora Lichtman, and this is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR, talking with David Quammen about his book "Spillover. "Are we reservoir hosts for viruses that have caused pandemics in other animals?

Well, certainly we've caused disease. It does go the other way. It can go either direction whenever there's fairly close contact. For instance, Jane Goodall's chimps in Gombe in Tanzania, in the late '60s, suffered what seems to have been a little epidemic of polio. A number of the Gombe chimps died.

And that polio virus is thought to be non-zoonotic. It's thought to be a virus that only affects humans, but it's capable of passing from humans into chimps. So it seems to have made those chimps sick and killed some of them.

turn 3 : The polio virus can pass from humans to chimpanzees.

Which virus can infect both humans and chimps?

Answer: Polio


Jeffrey Dahmer in Milwaukee.

Right and Ted Bundy in Florida. I mean, if you look at the serial killers, the majority of them that abused animals prior to turning on humans - and even one admitted, I did it to see how the animal would die before I killed a human. It's just - it's amazing. School shooters, Pearl, Miss. , and Columbine, they all abused animals and killed animals prior to their shooting spree. So it's - the data's there and it's not just guesswork. It's actual documented data.

You've been a law enforcement professional. Are there people who say the last thing I need is more paperwork, more data?

Yeah, here's the thing. Law enforcement really hasn't grasped this problem yet. If you look back in the early '70s when domestic violence came up and how the laws changed and then law enforcement would go, say, well, if the woman's getting beat, why she won't leave the house?Well, we didn't understand. We'd understand the dynamics of domestic violence, and as that whole thing changed, it got better. And if you look at animal abuse right now, it's - can follow the same timeline. You can always - bet you it's within years that it's going to be the same timeline. You have to get - in order for this problem to be solved, you're going to have to get the legislators to create the laws, you're going to have to get law enforcement to enforce the laws, you're going to have to get prosecutors to prosecute and judges to convict.

turn 2 : The speaker is implying that some law enforcement professionals may be resistant to gathering and analyzing data on animal abuse because they view it as an added bureaucratic burden. This suggests that the speaker believes that some law enforcement officials may be unwilling to take the issue of animal abuse seriously or prioritize it as a potential indicator of violent behavior.

What is the problem that law enforcement has not grasped yet?

Answer: Understanding


He did. When I - the first time I called him up, the conversation went like this: Hello?Alan Feuer. And I said, hey, it's Alan Feuer. And he went, oh, good man. I've been meaning to call you. And he really did talk like that. That is absolutely how he spoke.

So something out of - well, a kind of a cross between Franklin Delano Roosevelt and London.

Something like that. You know, the way I pictured it was those, you know, those Preston Sturges movies where, you know, it's almost like an Anglophilic-New York accent.

Oh, we use to call it Long Island lockjaw.

turn 3 : Long Island lockjaw refers to a particular accent.

Which term is used to describe a specific accent?

Answer: Lockjaw


The rules were meant to give people more control over the data that the Internet providers collect about them. Telecom and cable companies were supposed to start getting explicit consent from customers before selling some of the more sensitive information, things related to finances or health. And there were other requirements for increased transparency and security.

So they were going to have to get your actual consent before they could sell that information, right?

The technical term was opt in.

So given that those rules won't be going into effect, does that mean, let's say, my Internet provider - say Comcast - can sell to an advertiser a package that says here's what Lulu Garcia-Navarro reads online and watches on TV?

Well, so practically that's unlikely. You might have seen some stories of activists pouncing back against the lawmakers who repealed the rules. Folks were raising tons of money online, tens of thousands of dollars, to presumably buy the browsing history and other data about those lawmakers themselves - sort of you sold our privacy, well, we will buy yours. But that's not exactly how this market works. You can't go to Comcast and say, give me everything you've got on Senator Jeff Flake. And frankly, the advertisers don't really sit around and say, let's go after Lulu or Alina. They say, let's go after all women in a particular age group in the Washington area, and then, they buy ad targeting for individuals in that cohort.

OK. So what data do Internet providers actually collect then?

turn 4 : Literally, the turn means that activists were raising money to buy the browsing history and other data about lawmakers who repealed the rules, and that advertisers do not target individuals but rather a specific group.

What was the purpose of activists raising money online?

Answer: Privacy


Good morning, Ira.

Good morning to you. What evidence do you cite?What evidence is there that human intelligence is slowly declining?

Well, you know, there are a few things I'd like to say I guess at the onset, and you referred to them in your introduction, and that is any genetically based decay in intelligence is extremely slow. And so we should never be able to detect it by comparisons to people within generations existing right now on the Earth.

Rather, what we see is what you mentioned, an actual, probably recent, increase in intellectual ability. We know that our students are the brightest in generations. They score higher on tests than students ever have before. They take more complex courses earlier and accomplish more. So there's all these reasons to believe that at least recently what we see is an actual increase in intellectual ability.

turn 3 : There is an actual recent increase in intellectual ability among students.

Which ability is increasing among the students recently?

Answer: Intellectual


Well, I think we're at an interesting crossroads, because modern medicine has had to acknowledge that there are other forms of medicine because of the way people are spending their dollar. People spend more money seeing alternative practitioners than they do in seeing their primary care doctors. They make more visits to alternative care. The problem is now, that modern medicine is seeking to determine what's efficacious. It's seeking to try to squeeze everything into a biomedical model, in terms of testing and creating whatever evidence that, you know, they need to create, to write an article.

But you can't really do this with energy medicine. So I think that what's going to happen is you're having stronger associations of people that are naturopaths, chiropractors, people doing craniosacral work. So what's happening is that people are getting skills in areas that are allowing them to encroach on things that have previously been treated just by modern medicine. So when you - so people - clinics and hospitals are going to have to move more in the direction of an integrated medical facility.

Well, Dr.  Kokayi, great to talk to you.

I appreciate the time and just to share and put those ideas out there.

Dr.  Kamau Kokayi is the medical director of Kokayi Health Center for Holistic Medicine. He also hosts the New York radio show Global Medicine Review.

turn 0 : People are spending more on alternative medicine than primary care.

Which type of practitioners are people having stronger associations with, allowing them to encroach on things that were previously treated only by modern medicine?

Answer: Naturopaths


Moving around freely is hard to do in a conflict zone. And trust is hard. One official with Doctors Without Borders says she tried to understand why people were so angry at the Ebola response. And she asked one of her local staff why. And she told her it was because people there in that area have been suffering for so long. Her husband had been killed by militias. Three of her children had died of malaria. And no one - no aid organization, no government - has ever cared.

And now all the aid orgs are here because of Ebola. And people don't trust that they're there to help. They believe that these organizations are there to make money off of the response.

Is there a concern at this point that this outbreak could go beyond Congo?

It's a big concern. The World Health Organization just recently declared this outbreak a public health emergency of international concern. And that means that many more resources are pouring into Congo and neighboring countries. And now it's in Goma. And that presents a whole other challenge. It's the biggest city in eastern Congo. And it's a transit hub along the border with Rwanda. So, you know, there's definitely a worry that it can move from beyond Congo.

turn 0 : to move around in this context means to move from place to place, like moving from one house to another

What was the reason for people's anger towards the Ebola response according to the local staff mentioned by the official from Doctors Without Borders?

Answer: Indifference.


The attitude of the West and of Russia towards a crisis like Ukraine is diametrically different. The West is trying to establish the legality of any established border. For Russia, Ukraine is part of the Russian patrimony. A Russian state was created around Kiev about 1,200 years ago. Ukraine itself has been part of Russia for 500 years, and I would say most Russians consider it of Russian patrimony. The ideal solution would be to have a Ukraine like Finland or Austria that can be a bridge between these two rather than an outpost.

Mr.  Kissinger, every time we interview you, we hear from people who object, who say they have no interest in your opinion because of your role during the war in Vietnam, especially the bombing of Cambodia and Laos. How do you answer that?

They should study what is going on. I think we would find, if you study the conduct of guerilla-type wars, that the Obama Administration has hit more targets on a broader scale than the Nixon Administration ever did.

Is there not, though, a difference between a drone attack and carpet bombing?

turn 1 : Please expand upon your thoughts and discuss what your experience has been to-date with the availability of dementia-related information.

Which topic does turn 1 actually address?

Answer: Crisis


And will it be in the same place or just adjacent to the ruins?

So the plan now is for the arch to be displayed in three cities - in London and in New York and in Dubai. Then we've been invited by Syria to place the arch near the site in Palmyra where the original one stood. Now, needless to say, we'll need to ensure that we have all necessary permissions from our government and from the Syrian government before that happens. But that is the plan at the moment.

As I don't have to tell you, Mr.  Michel, digital reconstruction is getting so good it's created a controversy. And we've done stories in Bosnia and in Afghanistan where there are people who are concerned that these reconstructions, in their own way, try to expunge history.

turn 0 : So the arch was selected by the director general of Antiquities and Museums himself as the first object for recreation. And we are in the process now of recreating it, for all appearances, be identical to the arch in terms of its physical appearance at the time of its destruction.  Implicated meaning: The speaker is referring to recreating the arch to the best of their ability to match its original physical appearance before it was destroyed. The implied meaning is that they are aiming for an accurate representation, rather than creating an exact replica.

Answer: Director


So you were ready to stand up for yourself?

Oh, absolutely, 100 percent.

Do you ever talk to the students that you went to college with recently, students who were maybe sometimes 60 years younger than you, about what you have lived and what you have gone through?Do you ever tell them these kinds of stories?

In some of my classes, some of the fellows would ask me about the segregated South. I would reveal to them, like in one instance, we had a history major and he was just tickled to death to learn this stuff firsthand from somebody who had actually been through it. Example, I used to tell him that at Norfolk Navy Yard, the drinking fountains and lavatories were all segregated - black, colored water and colored bathrooms, white bathrooms. And the white water always broke down and they drank the colored water.

turn 3 : "the white water always broke down and they drank the colored water." - The actual meaning could be, "The facilities for white people were given better maintenance and resources, while the facilities for people of color were neglected and substandard." It may not necessarily mean that the actual water was colored or that people drank water of different colors.

How were the segregated facilities maintained?

Answer: Neglected


It was pretty openly reported over these past couple of years that Secretary Mattis, General Kelly and Secretary of State Tillerson had a kind of working agreement not to leave President Trump on his own with major decisions. Was this always a little unworkable and even patronizing?I mean, Donald Trump was elected president, after all.

I would be astonished if that rumor were true because that would be an act of real unprofessionalism on all three of their parts. And I think all three of them are more professional than to have engaged in that. Moreover, as the history of it played out, it wasn't true, right (laughter)?So. . .

Another major story that might have been overlooked in a busy week - North Korea said this week it won't denuclearize until U. S.  withdraws forces from South Korea and Japan. Do you have. . .

That has. . .

turn 0 : General Kelly, Secretary Mattis, and Secretary Tillerson were not supportive of President Trump

What was the working agreement between General Kelly, Secretary Mattis, and Secretary Tillerson regarding President Trump?

Answer: Not-Supportive


You put us on this boat. I don't know when I'm going to get off. You flooded the Earth. Everybody else is dead. So explain that. She seems aggravated with God.

Yeah. I think she's so flummoxed by how they've gotten into this position. And why her?And why not others?And what it could mean - all these conversations that he seems to have with other people and not with her. And she - and yet to keep putting her in positions of godliness, where she's in charge of everything. And she has to make sure things survive. And yet she doesn't get to hear his reasoning or know him. And yeah, so I think she's coming from a point of just utter frustration at the start of the book. And then she's learning how to deal with that over the course of it.

I mean this next comment in the nicest way. But this is a very weird and strange book, right?There's supernatural elements. You play with the timeline. We go back and forth from the past to the future. There's an angel. There's a dead woman who makes appearances. Was weirdness what you were after?How did that come to be?

Yeah. That's got to be my favorite word.

turn 2 : There is not an actual timeline but some things do change in time in the book that affect the future and the past.

How does the author play with time in the book?

Answer: timeline


Yes. There are tens of thousands of North Koreans who are hiding in China today. At the peak in the late '90s, early 2000s, there were more than half a million. But in - about 25,000 have made it safely to South Korea where they're living today. And about 140, 150 have come to the United States, and there have been several hundred who've gone to Europe.

And this underground railroad, obviously the phrase we associate with escaped slaves from the South before the Civil War, but the analogy, you say, is apt.

The analogy is very similar. It's a secret network of safe houses and routes - secret routes across the country. It's staffed. It's operated mostly by Christians, similar to the original Underground Railroad, though there are also people who are in it for the money who are involved - brokers and human traffickers. And many of the people who help the North Koreans in China are ethnically Korean. That is they're Korean-Chinese or they're South Korean or there are - they are Americans who are of Korean heritage. I interviewed a number of the rescuers, and their stories are incredibly inspiring. Especially in this Christmas season, you think about these are people who are living their faith by going to a hostile country to help, and helping people that nobody else in the world is prepared to help.

And it's interesting. You tell the story of one of them: Adrian Hong.

turn 1 : The underground railroad for North Korean refugees is similar to that of the escaped slaves in the past.

Which railroad is being compared to the underground railroad for North Korean refugees?

Answer: underground


Finally, Ron, lots of talk about Congress releasing the second half of this $700 billion bailout this week. Where do we stand with that?

Quite possible that Congress will get that done this week now that Barack Obama has asked George Bush, has asked the current president, to formally put in a request for that money. Congress has got a lot of questions about how this money is going to be spent, as it has questions about how the first half of the money was spent. So, they're going to resist. There's going to be some pushback. But it's quite possible the release will come this week.

NPR senior Washington editor Ron Elving. Thank you, Ron.

Thank you, Alex.

turn 1 : Barack Obama's request for the $700 billion bailout may expedite the process

Which president requested the $700 billion bailout to be released?

Answer: Barack_Obama


I don't know how long people's memories are about that, Jackie, and I raised that because it seems that most people seemed to have understood that President Obama inherited this economic crisis, and yet there is a question as to how long they will allow him to enjoy the good feeling of support before they turn on him. . .

Right.

If things don't turn in the economy quickly.

Well, that's right. You know, we're all hemming and hawing about this package. All will be forgotten. What people will remember is whether or not they felt like it worked. I think, you know, all the polls suggest now that the people really know the he did inherit this. He has - there's no blame for it and it's a, you know, nobody really knows what to do, they're just sort of experimenting much as Franklin Roosevelt did, you know 70 years ago. And - but I think that he definitely has to be seen as competent and that was a big rap against George Bush, that overtime people of the overwhelming majority of Americans just thought he was proven incompetent in handling the economy.

turn 3 : hemming and hawing is another way of saying they were complaining.... A LOT

What is a phrase used to describe people's understanding of President Obama's inheritance of the economic crisis according to turn 2?

Answer: Inherited


Well, so what I got really interested in was that when the coat showed up, it showed up in a black plastic package from China Post. So I thought I was buying a coat from some brand that represented itself as kind of this modern gentleman. You know, I was expecting it to have its headquarters, you know, in New York or San Francisco or Los Angeles or something. And this thing is shipped direct from a technology park in China.

So I kind of started thinking like, well, what is this brand?And I started diving into this new class of online retailer that use a tool called Shopify, which allows anyone to kind of spin up a retail store in five minutes; sucks products in from a service called AliExpress, which is sort of like Amazon but in China, and it's dedicated to kind of the export market for Chinese and other Asian manufacturers; and allows - basically - consumers in the U. S.  to take a different route into this manufacturing ecosystem, which makes so many clothes, which makes so many consumer goods, in Asia.

When you ordered this coat, were you genuinely surprised to be able to trace this stuff back, or was that the whole idea?

Well, no. I was genuinely surprised. I was literally - I had been tagged in the Facebook advertising system, which Instagram also uses, as someone who likes to buy clothes. And what I came to find was that this is a pretty widespread phenomenon.

turn 1 : The turn that has an actual meaning different from its literal meaning is (2). The speaker is not talking about physically diving into something, but rather delving into the topic of a new class of online retailer that uses Shopify and AliExpress. The implied meaning is that the speaker has started researching and investigating this topic in depth

What tool allows anyone to spin up a retail store in five minutes according to the dialogue?

Answer: Shopify


What the spoon is made of, of course, can change things because somebody else did some tests not that long ago with spoons made of different metals and found out that - what a lot of people believe - that different metal tastes different to your tongue - that for many people that's true. For some people, it's not so true. But they - these guys also played with things like what's the shape of the spoon?What's the color of the spoon?How heavy is it?All those things had some effect on people. The more interesting thing to me, at least today, is when people said the taste - that actually tasted different because of how it was served or what it was served in it. It was sweeter. It was saltier, whatever. You would think that couldn't change.

But it did. And one - I got about a few seconds here. But one of the more fascinating things, to me, from the study is that people were willing to pay almost 50 percent more for the same wine if it was served under a red light than if was under a white light.

Yeah, quite amazing, huh?And things served on different colored plates sometimes tasted sweeter to them.

Wow. Thank you, Marc. We'll see you again.

turn 0 : The taste of food is influenced by various factors such as the material, shape, color and weight of the utensils.

Answer: Factors


Alison Stewart's written a book that may make you contemplate whether to keep the book when you're done or give it to the Salvation Army. The book is "Junk: Digging Through America's Love Affair With Stuff. "Alison Stewart, the award-winning journalist, who's worked for every network, including this one where she hosted the beloved Bryant Park Project, joins us from New York. Thanks so much for being with us.

Oh, it's my pleasure, Scott.

This begins in your parents' basement.

It does. I had the task, as many Gen Xers and baby boomers do, of having to clean out my late parents' basement. And they were elegant, sophisticated people with a lovely home in Princeton, N. J. , but their basement - if I could have poured concrete in it and said I didn't know what happened, I would have. It was a severe junk situation. And they were children of the Great Depression and it was clear that that had made an impression on them and they really could not part with much.

turn 3 :  It does.I had the task, as many Gen Xers and baby boomers do, of having to clean out my late parents' basement: This statement is implying that it is not just Alison who has had to go through the difficult task of cleaning out her parents' basement, but rather it is a problem that many people from her generation have to deal with.

Answer: Gen-Xers


That's right, one of these men - yeah, there was a seafood, wholesale seafood dealer in Southern China, in the province of Guangdong, who got the nickname the poison king because he had infected so many other people. He got very sick, went into a hospital in the city of Guangzhou. He started to suffer respiratory blockage.

They intubated him, they put a tube down his throat to help him breathe, but in the course of doing that, he was - you know, he was spewing out virus, he was coughing and sputtering and spitting. And health care workers became infected just in the course of intubating him.

So he infected more than his share, and then there was the other fellow at the hotel who infected more than his share.

It really - your book really made me feel a huge debt of gratitude to people who work in the health care industry because it can be really heroic work, and it seems like they put their life on the line in some cases.

turn 1 : Health care workers are at risk of getting infected.

Answer: workers


And to tell you the truth, I still feel so very, very sorry for that little girl, you know, for her utter helplessness. And that has made me really empathize with children and with situations where human beings become like children in terms of becoming utterly helpless. If anything good came out of that incident, was realizing that you need to empathize with these situations, and you need as much as it is in your power to try and prevent such things happening, not just child molestation, but being put in a position where you have no choice.

I mean, it's interesting that your previous book was ostensibly about the book "Lolita. "

Yeah, you're right.

Well, I'm just wondering, I mean, do you see yourself personally in Lolita?

turn 0 : to feel sorry for someone means that you feel sad for someone, or showing compassion

What is the feeling that the little girl evokes in A?

Answer: compassion


Ron, tomorrow, President Obama will sign the stimulus bill in Denver, and then it's on to Phoenix, and then, he'll round out the end of the week with a trip to Canada. Why so much travel?

I think he's learning from the last few weeks. When he stayed in D. C. , the economic stimulus package got stalled. When he got back on the road, got back on the stump, the energy in the atmosphere changed quickly. And being the campaign Barack. being in campaign mode, talking back to Washington from out in the country, that worked better than being the Washington Barack Obama talking to the country. He wants this symbolic energy to be flowing in that direction. He wants to be the voice of the people talking to the federal government, not the symbol of the federal government talking to the people.

NPR senior Washington editor Ron Elving. Thanks, Ron.

Thank you.

turn 1 : Obama wants to be seen as the voice of the people.

Answer: Phoenix


No. There have not been significant infrastructure improvements since that storm. County voters passed a $2. 5 billion bond a year ago, but these projects take time, and most are still in the design phase. They haven't started construction. And the city of Houston doesn't have a comparable funding source, and so the city and county are both mostly waiting on federal aid for disaster recovery. And that's been extremely slow to arrive.

Help me understand this a little bit better here. Is there a political consensus in the area about what needs to be done?Does that exist?

Probably mostly yes to that. I think people agree that we need to do more projects, dig more detention basins, accelerate widening and deepening of the bayous, the streams and rivers that run through the area. I think most people are generally on the same page about that. It's just a question of money. But you've got to remember that our infrastructure, even at current standards, is only designed to accommodate maybe one or two inches of rain per hour, and the county got four, five, six inches of rain in one hour. And some areas got 30 inches in little more than a day, when our region usually - the city usually gets 50 inches of rain in a year. No infrastructure system is going to be able to handle that kind of storm without flooding.

Maybe people aren't ready for this conversation yet. Are people marrying the bigger conversation about climate change with the local conversation about infrastructure?Are people ready to talk about that?

turn 3 : Marrying two topic implies that people are grouping them together even if they are different.

What does turn 3 imply about the connection between climate change and infrastructure in the local conversation?

Answer: Grouping


Prime Minister Boris Johnson asked the queen to suspend Parliament - a very British coup, as many of his critics say, or a way to force Parliament to work out Brexit three years-plus after voters voted for him.

Or perhaps a device to get Parliament out of the way and allow Boris and the Brexiteers to finally leave the EU even without a deal. And the EU has said it is done negotiating. So this fall, Britain may leave the European Union and do it in the most disruptive and unpredictable way imaginable. So for the residents of Britain, this is rather like watching a hurricane bear down on them, feeling helpless to stop it and unable to escape.

The romance between the president and Fox News seemed to have everything going for it. What happened?

(Laughter) It does seem to have cooled. Weeks ago, the president started complaining about the opinion polls he saw on Fox News. They were showing his approval rating as low as most of the other media and academic polls. So he called that fake news.

turn 3 : The person thinks that the good feelings have lessened a bit.

Which turn suggests that the relationship between someone and Fox News has changed?

Answer: Changed