. . . (Laughter) In our house. And suddenly, we're being taken to go and see "Gone With The Wind" in the cinema.

(Laughter).

So for me, I just remember this incredible sense of vertigo and glancing at my mother constantly, like, is this OK?Are we allowed to do this?

How did working on this make sense of your childhood for you?

turn 2 : (3) In turn (3), the speaker uses the phrase "sense of vertigo" to describe their feeling when watching the movie. "Vertigo" literally means a feeling of dizziness or a spinning sensation, but in this context, the speaker is using it to describe a feeling of disorientation or confusion. The phrase "glancing at my mother constantly" also has a figurative meaning, as the speaker is not literally glancing at their mother all the time but rather checking for her reaction or approval.

What feeling did the speaker experience while watching the movie?

Answer: Disorientation


And, of course, we have bioenergy here, too, and the debates about things like corn ethanol. That's another big contentious issue here in the Midwest. And one where, again, middle grounds might have to be found between groups that are in very different poles on that issue.

And what do you think is the most promising - again, the symbolic areas, those are always going to be difficult. But are there other conversations that could be had that, as you say, skirt the ideology?

Well, it's very interesting. Regardless of, you know, how you think of him politically, the Obama administration has actually done more, may be by accident - or may be on purpose - to think about, to take on climate change than all previous administrations, really, combined. Our CO2 emissions in the United States have gone down pretty dramatically in the last few years, partly because of the recession, of course, but partly because people are retooling and getting more efficient.

The American car fleet is getting lot more efficient. We finally got those CAFE standards going up again, which is fantastic, after about 30 years of going nowhere. And maybe that's a benefit of bailing out Detroit. We could work with them to make cars more efficient, the cars Americans want to buy. We've also - the fracking, moving away from coals, where it's natural gas, has helped a lot, although we have to watch the other aspects of fracking. And also, renewables are beginning to make a bigger and bigger dent in the American electricity supply and other energy supplies.

turn 3 : Efforts are being made to increase the efficiency of American cars and shift towards renewable energy sources

How are American cars becoming more efficient?

Answer: CAFE


And it all comes down really to these apple trees. The husband, James, is obsessed with apples, growing the sweet apples. She, Sadie, the mother, is - well, she's a drunk. She's looking for applejack. She likes the spitters - not the eaters - the spitters.

Yes, and Johnny Appleseed is a little bit like her drug dealer because he comes along twice a year in his canoe to see how they're doing. And he sometimes takes off the barrels of apples and brings them back pressed for them as cider. And, you know, I don't think he does it maliciously, but he is, as I said, he's a businessman. So he's got a slightly different take on it all.

And why don't you describe what Johnny Appleseed looks like in your novel as you paint him?

Actually, some of the myth is true. He did sometimes wear a tin pot for a hat. His clothing was interesting, shall we say?He often wore a coffee sack that he cut holes out of and a rope for a belt. So, yeah, he was a strange guy. He was actually making all this money, not for himself, but really because he was what they called a Swedenborgian, a very peculiar Christian sect. And Johnny Appleseed spent a lot of time proselytizing. And he'd go on this kind of rant, and a lot of the settlers - I read some hilarious accounts of them going, oh, this guy, we don't understand a word he's saying, but, you know, he's kind of entertaining, so he's harmless.

turn 2 : The author's portrayal of Johnny Appleseed's appearance highlights his eccentricity and unconventional ways, which contrast with his successful business dealings and religious beliefs.

What does the author's description of Johnny Appleseed's appearance emphasize?

Answer: Appearance


One person called them old guard reactionaries who are grabbling for crumbs from the table. Another called them seat warmer saying they have nothing new to offer. And that led to a larger conversation about Obama's support among blacks where black folks stand on the Democratic Party.

And we are in good old Black History Month now. Of course, we are black 365 days a year.

That's right.

But from what I've read on our blog, not everybody thinks the black history month is a good idea.

turn 0 : One person called them old guard reactionaries who are grabbing for crumbs from the table. Another called them seat warmers saying they have nothing new to offer. (The literal meanings of these phrases would be people who are physically grabbing crumbs or occupying seats to keep them warm. The actual meanings refer to political figures who are criticized for being outdated or unoriginal.)

Which phrases are used to criticize political figures in turn 0?

Answer: ReactionariesSeat


So you're Haitian-born, you've been in America for about 40 years now, and you still have family back in Haiti. So when you talk to family, what do they make of the crisis, and how are they dealing with it?

Well, I think they're dealing as best as they can. But they feel, like us, overwhelmed by it. And they rely on us to help them.

Remittances.

Yeah. You could also send food - not really send food, but order food through these online organizations that deliver the food to them, but mostly remittances, yes.

turn 0 : This statement implies that B wants to know how A's family are dealing with the downturn economy and what the also think about America's economy.

Which crisis is PersonA talking about in turn 1?

Answer: Haiti.


It is.

Why do you think that will be effective?I mean, if someone's about to say something cruel (laughter), saying think about it - like, I don't know.

I think it's going to be somewhat effective but not very effective. I actually think that's true of all of the work that we're going to do. All of these problems are not solved by any one solution. They are complicated. I've also seen in the actual data that a minority but a significant minority of people do rewrite their comments, and they rewrite them in a much more pleasant way. Now, do most people rewrite their comments?No - because if you have an intent that's really intense to harass an individual, a polite comment from Instagram is not going to prevent you from doing so.

But sometimes people get caught up in the moment, and a lightweight reminder can actually help them rethink what they're doing or what they're saying. And so it's not supposed to be the solution that we hang our hat on for all of bullying. It's supposed to be one of many tools to try to prevent bullying from happening in the first place.

turn 3 : To "hang your hat" is a common metaphor that implies you have something you can rely and depend on, so here the speaker is saying that this solution isn't necessarily going to fix everything but it could definitely help.

Which metaphor does the speaker use to describe a reliable solution?

Answer: reliable


There was no regulation at the time. I mean, the calves that they experimented on in the '60s came from Cooley's ranch. And when I was researching this, I heard this really bizarre story. And I asked - I had one source that I trusted implicitly. And I called her, and I said, I heard that Dr.  Cooley put a pig's heart in somebody. And she didn't bat an eye, and she said no, no, no, it was a sheep. Those were the days (laughter). You know, today, we have the FDA. We have hospital review boards. We have all kinds of things.

When you say artificial heart, you know, the first name that might come up is Robert Jarvik. I mean, some listeners might recall his name. He created a heart that kept Barney Clark, a dentist from Seattle - kept him alive for 112 days back in 1982. That was a huge story, huge story at the time. And that was a long time ago (laughter). Where are we today?Are people still getting artificial hearts implanted today?

It's interesting. Jarvik kept going. And there is a form of an artificial heart that Jarvik designed that's probably the best. But there is no total replacement. You know, a battery-operated - something that - they can cut you open, put this piece of titanium in, sew you back up, and you're good to go.

So from all your reporting, did you, you know, finish this up thinking, we're going to see an artificial heart in our lifetime?

turn 0 : Dr. Cooley experimented on animals and put animal hearts in humans

How did Dr. Cooley experiment on animals?

Answer: Calves


That's absolutely the case. Turkey is the 16th or, by another measure, 17th largest economy in the world. Turks are wealthier than they've been in the past. And that is part of the secret to Erdogan's success. And that is why if there was an election today, I think there's no doubt that Prime Minister Erdogan would win. Perhaps he wouldn't get 49. 95 percent of the vote, but he would certainly get a very large number of votes. There is a growing middle class of people who vote on one issue and one issue only, and that's on their pocketbooks.

Add that to a core constituency and the fact that the opposition parties are extraordinarily weak, don't have much to offer Turks in the way a positive vision for Turkey's future, and Prime Minister Erdogan, despite this being the greatest political crisis of his decade at power, would still prevail.

Give us an idea of who is at these demonstrations, which groups. Are these the disaffected, the people who voted against him, the people who lost the last election, as he puts it?

It's certainly those people. There has been a contingent of secular urban but not all elite people who've come out who have felt hemmed in and marginalized over the course of the last decade. And they're - because their parties have been so ineffective in challenging the Justice and Development Party, they are now finding their voices in the street. Prime Minister Erdogan has wanted to finger the main opposition party, the Republican People's Party, for the demonstrations. That's certainly not the case.

turn 0 : People voting on their pocketbooks means they vote considering their money/profit.

What is the secret to Erdogan's success?

Answer: economy


Right. As far as I could tell, it wasn't so much derogatory as he wanted to create a mental picture to the listeners, you know, on radio, to say, OK, it was created in one big bang and so on.

And so what was his big blunder?

So the big blunder was - so he came up with a theory that was - that the universe is in a steady state. Namely the universe is always the same. It always was the same and always will be the same. And - but he also knew that the universe is expanding. So for the universe to stay the same, for example, for the density of matter to not change, he had to create matter in the universe. Because as the universe was getting larger, he had to have new matter there for the density to stay the same.

So this in itself was not a blunder. When he suggested this, it was a beautiful idea because, you know, we say the universe is the same everywhere and in every direction. And he wanted to add to that and that every time. So that, you know, sounded very elegant.

The blunder was that after about 15 years, when evidence started accumulating that this is really not the way the universe behaves but in fact the universe does evolve and change, he stubbornly refused to accept that.

turn 0 : The theory he came up with wasn't derogatory.

How would you describe the theory that he came up with?

Answer: Crowding


It's correlated with overt racism, but it's very different, and the difference is that people are unaware of this. They don't want it, very often. They certainly don't endorse it, and it's what clinical psychologists or psychiatrists call a dissociation. It's like two separate things in the head, one egalitarian and open, the other biased.

All right, Dr.  Greenwald, thank you very much.

Thank you, Ira.

Tony Greenwald, psychologist, professor of psychology at the University of Washington. We're going to take a break, and afterwards we're going to come back and ask the candidates in a science debate - what would you ask them about science?Stay with us. We'll be right back. I'm Ira Flatow. This is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR.

turn 1 : The unconscious bias against certain groups of people can be a hidden problem that people are not aware of, yet still have an effect on their behavior and attitudes.

Which behavior can be affected by unconscious bias?

Answer: Behavior


Very much this was an aftershock to the departure of Steve Bannon, who was the president's chief strategist. He's the guy who brought Seb Gorka in. Gorka was not a household name, at least not in most households. And he was part of the contingent in the White House associated with this America first attitude, a kind of ultra-nationalism. And that faction, at this point, is down. But as we saw with the pardon of Sheriff Arpaio, that faction is not yet out.

More missiles out of North Korea were launched last night - fell in the sea. North Korea had not so much other news broken overnight. This might have been our lead story. Does President Trump, after this week, have the confidence in Congress and in other quarters of opinion, to lead the country on this and other issues?

You know, that depends on whom you ask. There are certainly those people who will express total confidence in the president, those who have probably never had any at all. But the team around the president, the three generals - so we are increasingly talking about John Kelly, James Mattis, H. R. McMaster - that team tends to boost confidence on military matters.

Ron Elving, thanks so much.

turn 1 : (2) "Does President Trump, after this week, have the confidence in Congress and in other quarters of opinion, to lead the country on this and other issues?"

How did PersonB inquire about President Trump's confidence in Congress and other quarters of opinion after this week?

Answer: Inquire


So how much should they save?

I kind of break up savings into two major funds - the emergency fund, and that's the one you've always heard about, three to six months of living expenses. Start with just a little. Listen, just start with a month, and that means that you have enough saved up that if you lost your job, you could at least live on your savings for one month.

Then I suggest you have what I call the life happens fund. So that would be a fund that you put money in for like major car repairs or if something happens to your roof because otherwise, you're going to dip into that emergency fund, and when a true emergency comes, like a job loss - and millions of people know exactly what that means right now - that money isn't there.

All right. Let's say you want to do that, but you are living paycheck to paycheck. How do you look through your expenses and figure out what you can trim and what you can save?

turn 3 : paycheck to paycheck implies that the amount a person makes can only cover necessities

Which word implies that a person's income is only enough to cover their basic needs?

Answer: Income


It's nutritionally vacuous. It's unhealthy. Why would you eat iceberg?Iceberg is pathetic. Iceberg is, you know, lettuce for people who have no class or no taste.

In 1894, the Burpee seed catalog introduced iceberg to the world. It was advertised as hardy, rich, flavorful and, most importantly, durable.

From the moment of its introduction, it transformed the face of American lettuce consumption. And for decades and decades and decades, it was overwhelmingly the lettuce that was consumed in the United States of America.

Eventually, iceberg's popularity became its downfall.

turn 2 : It's not an actual face but the most popular and most seen way that lettuce is consumed.

How was iceberg lettuce consumed in the United States for decades?

Answer: Overwhelmingly


Yeah, yeah, yeah.

So he's not exactly saying that what he said was offensive.

Or maybe he's, like, opening up, like, a hotline for people to call up and be like, hey, listen; I was - being very charitable there.

Right, OK.  And then meanwhile, while all of this is going on with Shane Gillis, another one of the new cast members who was announced this week for "SNL" was Bowen Yang, who's actually the show's first Asian American cast member, so this is kind of awkward timing.

turn 1 : He may have said something offensive, but he didn't admit it.

How did Shane Gillis respond to the accusation of being offensive?

Answer: denied


So expect some of them to say, look, we promised Italians to change this country, we're going to do that. And so they already proved that in Bologna, where I am, actually. It's - they've been successfully here in Emilia-Romagna. They were successfully in Parma and in Sicily. They cut deals all the time, American style, really cutting deals on the legislative floor without the parties, and they were very successful.

Well, you've said what you thought should happen. What's your best guess as to what you think will happen?

My bet is that they will find some way - some agreement with - between the Democratic Party and Beppe Grillo's Five Star Movement. Actually, quite - they share - they both are sort on the liberal side of things, to use an American category. They're not right-winger at all. That's my prediction. If Beppe Grillo refuses to do that, he risks, number one, a kind of split within his party, number one.

And number two, if we go back to the polls in ruins next year, with, you know, the (unintelligible) and problem with our bonds, and all that, I think Beppe Grillo will have the hard time to tell Italians, look, I have so many votes and I just threw them away. And I think next time, he's going to have not 25, 30 percent, but 10 percent. It's not in his interest to do that.

turn 3 : 'he risks a kind of split within his party' means there is a possibility of division within the party, not literally splitting into two parts.

How does the speaker define the split within Beppe Grillo's party?

Answer: Possibility


And why do you choose to move to this country and live in Los Angeles and try to make it here when you're, I guess, a big star back in South Africa?

Because you have to grow. It's fun, you know?And I think America was a great choice because we have such a great shared history in terms of South Africa's past and America's past. You know, we both have a history of slavery. We both have a history of black people fighting for their freedom and independence. And then you both - we both have the very sensitive change now in terms of - people have this like it's - in both countries, you see this subtle racism and, you know, they're struggling to deal with raise and people don't know how to deal with it.

I mean, I've seen out here, people don't even want to say the word black. I don't know when black became negative, but now people go, oh, you shouldn't say black. Yeah, we - you say urban, yeah. Baltimore is going to be real urban, Trevor. That's what people tell me.

And I got to Baltimore, and I was expecting, because urban means built up and new, you know. So I got there and I was, whoa, it's not as urban as people told me, you know, and like - but it's very black. I'll tell you that much. So it's interesting to see, you know?

turn 0 : big star implies being very popular  well known  or famous and not talking about the star in the sky

What does the term "big star" refer to in the dialogue?

Answer: Famous


Let me switch subjects. We are walking on the way to the studio here this morning and two big tour buses came down the street. You're - one of the reason this all worked is you're performing right next door.

Right across the parking lot.

And I wonder, I was talking to Priska Neely, our producer, and said, I wonder if that's Mary Chapin Carpenter. Two big buses touring, pulling equipment trailers behind. Where were you coming in from at 8 o'clock in the morning?

We spent the last two days driving from Arizona.

turn 0 : A is acknowledging B's contribution to the success of their plan.

Answer: Studio.


Thanks so much for being with us.

Thanks for having me.

One of the things you've written about is complicity in the power establishment. But also, you believe some women have been complicit - people you call game girls.

I do indeed write about the way that many of the women - including myself - many of the women I know are wrestling with the ways in which we have participated in this system or not participated in this system. So many of us - if not all of us - have engaged in this in one way or another, whether we were the objects of harassment or assault, whether we decided to stay silent and not report assaults - sometimes in an effort to not get the backlash that many women got when they did file complaints. But if we did that, then did we enable the perpetrators to do it to other women who are our younger colleagues or who came after us?If we did not participate - if we rebuffed, did that hurt our careers?

turn 1 : (2) can mean "I'm grateful for this opportunity"

Which term does the speaker use to describe women who have participated in the power establishment?

Answer: Game-girls


When I listen to you talk, I feel like the worst possible - the most hurtful insult someone could ever fling at you is, you're not authentic.

And she falls to the ground, and she curls into a ball. And. . .

What is it about authenticity that if it were lacking, it's mortally wounding for you?

Yeah. I mean, if you're telling someone they're not authentic, then what are you saying?I guess you could say the opposite of authenticity is - I don't want to just say fake because there's another word.

turn 2 : Authenticity is crucial for A and lack of it hurts them

Answer: Authenticity


I don't think that that's what Israel really wants. I don't think they've made that decision. But I think we know in these circumstances things could escalate, get out of control, despite the intentions of the parties who are involved. And in this case, I think Israel was hoping that the Palestinians would stop firing rockets sooner than they have. They may feel compelled to do more, but that would obviously be an extremely dangerous bet.

These events, of course, are occurring at a time when there is an election coming up in Israel. Help us understand popular opinion in Israel on this subject.

Well, I think from an Israeli perspective, there's a consensus that it was simply unacceptable to live under the constant threat of Palestinian rockets, which led to as many as a million Israelis having to sometimes take shelter. So, there is that uncertainty, that constant sense of insecurity, even though the number of Israeli casualties have been extremely low. But that was something that most Israelis were not prepared to live with, and that's why you were finding this wall-to-wall, this quasi-unanimity behind this operation.

Help us understand Egypt's role. The Egyptian prime minister came to Gaza yesterday. Obviously, under the Mubarak regime that would have been unthinkable. What's Egypt's role in events now?

turn 2 : They don't mean literally wall to wall but that everyone was for it.

What was the reason for the quasi-unanimity behind the operation?

Answer: rockets


OK, which theory do you want to start with?

Well, the ships became frozen in the ice and the crewmen set out on foot.

Well, we know that's true. Captain Franklin - Sir John - made a huge mistake trying to force the Victoria passage with that much ice. And he kept going when they could turn back to shelter. And it got them stuck in the worst possible place. So his error of judgment doomed those men.

What other theories are there?

turn 2 : Although the speaker says "we know that's true," they are not expressing a belief that the events described in turn (2) are factual. Rather, they are acknowledging the information that has been presented and using it as a basis to introduce a theory about what might have happened to the crewmen. T

Which turn is the PersonA's acknowledgement of information presented?

Answer: 2


And what Kansas has done is to try to turn things around once again so that not every parolee who runs afoul of an administrative rule, is immediately shipped back to prison, but instead is given another chance. And actually, the parole officer will work with them to try to keep them out of prison, as opposed to just trying to lock them - lock the cuffs on them as fast as possible.

Well, Jennifer, great to talk to you. Thank you.

Thanks so much, Farai.

Jennifer Gonnerman is the author of "Life on the Outside: The Prison Odyssey of Elaine Bartlett. "She wrote the article, "Slammed: Welcome to the Age of Incarceration. "It's the lead article in a special edition of Mother Jones magazine examining America's prison system. And she joined us from our NPR Studios in New York.

turn 0 : Not every parolee who violates a rule is sent back to prison immediately

Which state's parole system has tried to give rule-violating parolees another chance, instead of immediately sending them back to prison?

Answer: Kansas.


You have to understand; at this point Mr.  Treviene was in his late 70's. This is a man who is used to building houses and repairing houses, and had been a younger man that might have been a challenge to him. But as an older man who was basically retired before the storm, this was an insurmountable challenge and so much of his story is the story of elderly New Orleanians.

When I looked at his face, it looked literally as if the life just seeped out of it.

That was the feeling that we got sitting there. After he had gone into the house, we sort of sat there and kind of cleaned up a little bit and talk, but there wasn't a whole lot to say.

And he didn't live much longer did he?

turn 0 : "before the storm" implies before the SHTF - Or, before things went awry.

Answer: Repairing


Sometimes you hear about couples fighting over stuff. We need a new car. No, we don't need a new car, you know, rather spend the money on having the kids go and get braces than get a new car. But I need my ride to look good, you know, questions like that.

Absolutely.

That come up in families. How do you adjudicate if that's the kind of issue that's coming up in your relationship?

Well, you first of all have to make the people involved understand that that is actually the issue. Most people don't see it that way. When you say - when people say they want a car, they don't usually say, I need a car to look good. They usually think they really need a car. They don't understand that that they're feeling an ego need. So you have to understand - get people to understand what their need is based on.

turn 3 : don't see something in a certain way in this context is that they don't agree with something, or they don't fully understand the given situation.

What is the reason why people don't understand the true nature of their need when it comes to getting a new car in the given context?

Answer: Understand


It's a really exciting time for us, Ira, to - it's only five years in, and it's been a tremendous success story for the company. Handsets really have taken off. We're at a point now where almost half of all handsets in the world made are smartphones with some type of touch capability.

And then I'm sure you know of tablet computers, are very exciting, have grown quite magnificently in the last few years. And the market is starting to think about expanding touch interfaces with the different devices. If you think about your laptop computer, for example, or monitors or tabletops, even the front of a refrigerator, there's a lot more applications out there, we feel.

We feel that touch and the interface of touch is only going to grow.

Do you have to design and engineer the glass specifically to be touched as a utility?

turn 0 : The company has had great success with smartphones and touch-capable devices.

How has the company performed with touch-capable devices?

Answer: Successful


Yes. I don't think the government contends that she was a spy. She pled guilty to one count of failing to register as a foreign agent. But still, in her statement of the offense, the activities she undertook weren't necessarily covert or spycraft. There's no allegation she's a member of Russian intelligence. And I think that's worn out, although she did pled guilty - plead guilty and is accepting responsibility for not registering as a foreign agent.

Yeah. What was she trying to do then?

She was trying to build bridges between the two countries, and through civil society groups, which I think happens with a lot of foreign nationals and foreign students.

Well, build bridges or - I'm going to mix metaphors here - or create a road in for Russian interests?

turn 1 : build bridges implies engaging in good human relationship and connections

Answer: Connection


Well, we've got quite a few people that have moved in with other family members. Some houses that have only been destroyed partially - some are completely to the ground. We've still got some living in hotels. We've got some that are living in tents and vehicles. We found out yesterday from our school district that quite a few schoolkids are homeless. You know, 67 percent of the property here has been damaged in some way - or more.

So people have got stress trying to do a normal life during the day and have a normal job and then end up having to deal with the insurance companies and dealing with your mortgage companies and dealing with the assistance programs that you're trying to get help from that just takes repetitive, repetitive visits with to get things done. And it's not their fault. It's just the bureaucracy that's involved in everything doing nowadays.

Yeah. So they have to make repeated visits and work for a living all at the same time.

Yes, sir. It takes a mental strain on you. In my case, we sleep on a mattress in the back part of my living room 'cause the other half of my house doesn't have electricity and has got - you know, leaks like a sieve. And that's not a normal life.

turn 1 :  (2) implies that people are facing a lot of bureaucracy and paperwork,

Which aspect of dealing with insurance companies and assistance programs is causing stress according to PersonA and PersonB's conversation?

Answer: Paperwork


(Singing) Wasting this life, I only want me and you.

I read that you think some of the melodies that you sing now remind you of powwow songs. Is there a song on this new album that sounds that way to you?

So one of the songs that comes to mind is "Going To The Beach With Haley. "

(Singing) I feel what I'm like with you.

turn 3 : "I feel what I'm like with you" could mean "you make me feel happy or good"

What emotion does the turn "I feel what I'm like with you" convey?

Answer: Happiness


I'm not so sure that it was missed, per se. I think it's been there at the forefront of the news for a really long time. I just don't think that we saw the potential that it would impact the election in the way that it did, insofar as it's tied up in these other economic and social struggles that are occurring within the same communities.

And to be clear again, you're not saying that people that have a problem with opioids or drug or alcohol voted for Donald Trump so much as people who live in those communities that have been affected by it statistically in your study voted for Donald Trump.

Well, that's right. And I can't say necessarily who voted for Donald Trump, but we have to remember that addiction and depression and these diseases and deaths of despair go far beyond the individuals themselves who are affected by them. They affect friends and family members and coworkers and first responders and service providers and employers in communities who are dealing with the struggles of these and experience the same sort of frustration and anxiety that are associated or wrapped up within diseases and deaths of despair.

You conclude your study by - I believe the quote is community level well-being played an important role in this election.

turn 3 : asking for a quote which is not the same as the actual meaning of the statement which is that community-level well-being played an important role in this election.

Which quote does the study conclude with, even though it doesn't fully capture the meaning that community-level well-being played an important role in the election?

Answer: Quote


But, you know, people have been, you know, taking this approach for a long time.

I notice that you might be able to - I think the Romans shipped apparent black wax tablets, and then you scrape off the wax, something's in there.

Oh sure, there are lots of different ways you could do this. And in fact, I mean, the story that's floating around, and I'm not sure if it's true or not, I haven't been able to dig deep enough to find out, is that during World War II, the censors would go through, and they would kind of change numerical tables.

So if somebody was sending a letter to someone in the theater and saying, you know, Johnny got good grades, got an A, B, a C or something like that, they might change them around a little bit. Or they might change, you know, put little changes just in case someone was trying to sneak a message in, you know, some table of data.

turn 3 : the speaker is suggesting that the censors would change the grades in the letter to prevent someone from sending a secret message.

What was the purpose of the changes made by the censors in the letters during World War II?

Answer: Prevent


So there you are standing in the checkout line, that one with a big sign above it that says express, 10 items or less. You notice the basket of the woman in front of you. You silently start tallying. OK, eight or nine items, fine. But wait, she has a six pack under her hand, and under her other arm is a bag of pretzels. And then she's going for that pack of gum. And you're fighting the urge to scream: You had no business in the express line.

If that's you, then John Trinkaus feels your pain. He decided that instead of complaining about it, though, he'd study it. Trinkaus researches not only the express line, but how many people stop at stop signs and the average wait at the doctor's office. My next guest is Marc Abrahams, editor and co-founder of the Annals of Improbable Research, and the founder and master of ceremonies for the Ig Nobel Prize. He'll explain the data details and why it's the simple things that count. He joins us from WBUR in Boston. Hi, Marc.

Hello, Flora.

Tell me - give me some other names of his studies, because they're all really funny.

turn 0 : The woman in front of you has more than 10 items, and you are annoyed about it.

How many items did the woman in front of you have?

Answer: Six


So I always tell people, look at your many choices. Don't close any doors. But the fact is that, you know, take your passion, take it as far as you can, but understand you've got to make a living, and you've got to pay the loan back.

What about people like you, who are college presidents?What challenges are you facing in trying to make sure that you can get a broad variety of students from different backgrounds?

Farai, you know, what keeps me up at night is the young women who want to be admitted but don't have the dollars, the young women who are students who are continuing, who are saying, I need more financial aid, the young women whose parents can't take out another loan. That literally keeps me up at night. If you see me again and I'm gray, that's what did it.

I mean literally. I mean, I wake up in the - you know, I wake up in the middle of the night and say, how can I find money for these young people?It is a challenge.

turn 2 : The college president is worried about students' financial struggles.

What specifically keeps the college president up at night?

Answer: broke


But people in India really are angry. I have lived in this country in two different periods for about 15 years. I have never seen anything like this before. You see it in other countries, but you don't often see it in India, where people take to the streets and complain. They want change.

There hasn't been much change. All we've seen so far is the home secretary, the home minister, that's the head of the security services, I suppose, being changed, and nothing else has. The armed forces chief and other people are arguing and doing a blame game as to who's responsible, and people are getting angrier.

They want change in terms of attitudes and actions by the politicians and the bureaucrats. They want visible signs of the corruption, which impedes India's efficient government, to stop, and they also want signs that something is being done to stop further attacks.

Elections in India aren't too far off. Is this a signal that the current government might be in jeopardy?

turn 0 : People in India are usually not the type to protest

How would you describe the usual behavior of people in India?

Answer: Protests


Well, many of the discussions I've had with other educators is that many times, we have to have a partner - or if we are single, that our partner's income supports our teaching habits, if you will. Certified teachers with master's degrees teaching in their district for 15 years are still making around $30,000 to $35,000 within their district. To have that amount of education and that amount of experience and be paid that wage, that's not a livable wage.

Arizona is a right-to-work state, which means unions don't have much power to negotiate there. Kentucky, West Virginia, Oklahoma are, too. These are all states with Republican legislatures. And we've seen actions by teachers recently in those states, as well. Do you wish you had a union speaking for you?Would that be an answer?

The reason why I got involved was because of the teacher-led grassroots movement. We have been supported by other organizations. Arizona Education Association, which is our union - our teacher union here in the state - have been supporting us. Do I wish that a union was representing us?I'm glad that they are supporting us.

Why do you think this is happening now in places like Kentucky and West Virginia and Oklahoma and now Arizona?

turn 0 : Certified teachers are not paid enough for their education and experience.

What did the educators discuss with other educators?

Answer: Teaching-habits


And how much of the war do you see?

I see a lot of the war. It's everywhere. It's just - it feels like we are back on time where hundred years back where we worry about every single thing. For example, I wake up in the morning and you worry, will I have electricity?These days, it's very cold. We cannot have heaters. Hospitals cannot operate because the shortage of fuel. And then when you go to the supermarkets, the prices have either doubled or tripled. A family that lives near to my parents, a neighbor of theirs, actually lost their child because they simply didn't have a single thing to feed them - no water, no clean water, no food. So it's really, really crazy to believe that you're in the 2018.

Yeah. What happens when you go to the market?What's for sale there?How much does it cost?

I'll just give you a quick example - eggs actually. In the past, we used to buy five eggs with 100 riyals but now just over the past couple of months, you buy one egg with 100 riyal. So it's becoming very hard. People will just lock themselves in their houses. And others who are trying to find a solution, they go out in the streets asking for help, but the rest are just dying inside their houses quietly. Sometimes they boil water and just put some spices on top of it and consider it a meal.

turn 0 : 'the war' is not a tangible single entity that can be seen in one place - they mean they see evidence of it everywhere

Answer: Evidence


I gather Jim Dunne was a great father.

He was a great father. And - yes. And he has two sons that are in the automotive business. And yeah, he was a terrific father and a wonderful grandfather as well and a great friend.

Yeah. You're going to miss him.

I'm going to miss him. I'm going to miss - he also was wonderful for - he held lunches at some of Detroit's divier (ph) places. And you know, I'm going to miss when he'd call up and say, hey, we're meeting at Buddy's Pizza (ph) at 12:15. Be there. I wish I'd said yes more often.

turn 1 : Jim Dunne was a great father and successful in raising his sons, while emphasizing he was a wonderful grandfather and friend

Answer: Wonderful


Yes - beat me with a rifle - butt of a rifle.

Calvin Woods was also prosecuted for preaching against segregation. It was the law then.

I was speaking out against segregated buses. I was guilty of that and told them that they pay their money to sit down where there's a seat. And you don't have to get up, give anybody your seat unless that's what you want to do. So I was arrested, sentenced to six months hard labor and fined $500.

Calvin Woods and hundreds more in Birmingham were American heroes. But he says he'd like his children and his 60-some grandchildren to know it is always right to do right.

turn 0 : Standing up for what is right even if it goes against the law.

What was PersonA's punishment for speaking out against segregated buses?

Answer: Six


I'm Farai Chideya and this is News & Notes. Staycation. It's one of those newfangled words that's caught on fast. A vacation is when you vacate. You take off, you stay in a hotel, or camp out, or see the sights. A staycation is - well, you got it. With soaring gas prices and plane tickets, this was supposed to be the summer of staying at home. But was that prediction off the mark?If you're thinking about traveling soon or for the winter holidays, what should you keep in mind?With us to talk about both of those issues we've got Madeline Nunn, senior travel agent with the Richmond, Virginia, branch of the American Automobile Association, or Triple-A. Hi, Madeline.

How are you?

I'm great. So, back in May, a Rand McNally survey found that two-thirds of Americans planning road trips this summer said they would shorten their trips or cancel them all together. Summer is wrapping up, so what actually panned out?

Well, actually, the staycation thing is sort of a myth, so to speak, because Americans are traveling. They're traveling because they are hard-working and they need the rest and the revitalization. They need this vacation. So, what we're finding is that they're not staying home, per se. Some are just staying a little closer to home. And sometimes they're limiting the length of time that they may take for this vacation.

turn 0 : Staycation is a vacation taken close to home.

Which summer trend is being referred to in the dialogue?

Answer: Staycation


We argued that six months was way, way too short. You're talking about trying to go into archives, documents, find materials. Unfortunately, this was what was included in the legislation. And we've urged the Polish government to open that deadline - indeed, to open the program to people who never filed claims or for whom no claim - buildings for which no claims were filed.

But the Polish government didn't agree.

Unfortunately not. We're hoping that the Polish government will look again at this issue and make this process easier not only in terms of the deadline but also what documentation is required. Make sure that archives are open and material is accessible because if you have a right and legislation but not the means to enforce it - and particularly for many of the Holocaust survivors and their families, virtually all of whom live outside of Poland, it's very difficult. They don't speak the language. They don't live in the country. To address even the administrative issues is extremely difficult.

And what makes this important, so many years after the terrible events we're talking about - after the crimes we're talking about?

We're facing a situation where, in the next few years, we will be living in a world where there won't be Holocaust survivors. It's a population, obviously, that's very elderly, very sick and passing away very rapidly. So we think it's a matter of justice and morality to address and to conclude this issue before that last of that generation disappears.

turn 4 :  We're facing a situation where, in the next few years, we will be living in a world where there won't be Holocaust survivors. It's a population, obviously, that's very elderly, very sick, and passing away very rapidly. So we think it's a matter of justice and morality to address and to conclude this issue before that last of that generation disappears.  The implied meaning of A's statement is that they highlight the imminent loss of Holocaust survivors in the coming years. They emphasize the elderly, sickly condition of the survivors and the rapid rate at which they are passing away. A asserts that addressing and resolving the issue at hand is a matter of justice and morality, particularly before the last survivors of that generation are no longer alive.

Which generation is PersonA referring to in turn 4?

Answer: Holocaust-survivors


He used software to create phony profiles so he could collect answers from thousands of women and analyze them. He divided the women into seven groups based on the questions they chose to answer, then decided which group he found most engaging. And then he answered those questions that they found most compelling. Once he did, his dating life took off.

At first, I was kind of trying to make them like the classic sort of romantic first date to remember, to tell your kids about. And that turned out to not be a good approach.

First dates take time, after all. They create expectation. They can be exhausting. So Chris McKinlay decided to just meet for a cup of coffee and hope that was long enough to detect in person what OkCupid and its algorithms couldn't - if two people felt a spark. Chris McKinlay had 87 first dates. And on the 88th, he met Christine Tien Wong.

It was a real relief when I met Christine and, you know, on the first date. I was saying yes very strongly at a gut level.

turn 0 : He used data to figure out which women he should focus on in order to maximize his chances of finding a successful relationship.

What approach did Chris McKinlay decide to take for his first dates?

Answer: coffee


You edited "Confessions of a Video Vixen" by Karrine Steffans. We've had her on show. And it's a memoir about her life as a video dancer for artists like JZ, R.  Kelly, LL Cool J. It talks about hip hop, sex, sexuality, family. Tell me about the process of getting her story to press.

Well it's interesting. I'd heard quite a lot about Corrine via reading a magazine article about her and then hearing about her repeatedly on radio. And so when I reached out to her, I didn't really have a lot of expectations other than this might be interesting. And so I had a very long conversation with her and you know, upon talking to her I was very impressed with her being very - her candor was amazing first of all and then secondly the fact that she was unapologetic about her life. She wasn't proud of it necessarily but she wasn't apologetic either.

And so one of the things that we did, our editorial director, who is amazing, went out to LA and said, I just want to experience this woman for myself and so she spent an evening with her in a popular Hollywood watering hole. And she knew after that evening that Corrine was who she said she was, just based on how people, particularly men, responded to her just from her walking into the room.

Well that's one way of looking at things. But the publisher obviously went a lot further to turn…

turn 1 : The subject matter of the memoir is controversial and intriguing

Which word describes the subject matter of the memoir?

Answer: Controversial


I decided to take matters in my own hands and decided to raise the funds that I need to get the materials that the kids need. The budget wasn't going to change. The only thing is, it was going to get worse. I had decided that I should advertise on my test, and I said, well, if you would like to put a quote or an ad at the bottom of my test, then it'd be kind of a mutual - they help the kids, and then I help them get a little bit of PR out of it.

And so the parents, they responded well?

Absolutely. Back to school night, I had one parent give me a $100 check, and she said, I hope this gets you started, and I actually had a lot of good comments, saying that's very creative and thinking outside the box.

And I've actually gotten emails from parents and one from my school district saying, you know, I am glad somebody is finally speaking up and saying that parents are having a tough time footing the bill for things that should have been paid for through their tax dollars and paid through the school system.

And what did the kids says?I mean, aren't they kind of bombarded by advertising all day long when they are not in school?

They really like the quotes, and they actually look forward to them. I've had students say, hey, what's going to be the next quote, and I tell them, you have to wait.

turn 3 : "I am glad somebody is finally speaking up and saying that parents are having a tough time footing the bill for things that should have been paid for through their tax dollars and paid through the school system." - The actual meaning is that the person is glad someone is raising awareness about the issue of parents having to pay for things that should have been covered by taxes and the school system.

Which issue is the person in turn 3 glad someone is raising awareness about?

Answer: Paying


Thank you.

You begin by saying that you think making laws to get rid of guns just might be impossible.

Well, I think we should try but we already have 300 million guns in circulation in America. So, if tomorrow or in January Congress somehow banned the sale of all new guns, we have 100-year problem. Even if you have gun buybacks - they'll buy back five, 10, 20, 30 million guns - we have a terrible, tragic situation where the country is awash in guns. So, very little on the gun control agenda is actually going to make a dent in that, unfortunately.

Your most controversial points certainly now is that you say more people ought to be trained to fire back at an assailant and be able to carry guns for that purpose.

turn 2 : This statement implies the level of pessimism about the effectiveness of gun control measures given the large number of guns already in circulation in the country, and that most proposals for gun control won't make much of a difference..

How does the speaker feel about the effectiveness of gun control proposals?

Answer: Pessimistic


You've been following temporary staffing trends for more than two decades now. What sectors are relatively insulated from layoffs?

Well, the sectors that are most resilient are the higher-skill sectors, or if you can get into industries that are involved in education or health care or government. Those are the areas where you get the most bang. We're also seeing a nice increase in the mortgage-processing area, because one of the things the government's doing is lowering the conforming rate for mortgages. And so, there's kind of a rush to refinance.

When you say higher skills, are you talking about engineering, things of that sort?

Well, even within, say, clerical admin, there's always demand for good, you know, personal assistants. There's always demand for engineers or, you know, highly skilled folks. There are sometimes fewer jobs in those areas but for good people, you can get employed.

Now, geographically, where are the hot spots for temporary work?

We're seeing the best demand really around the D. C.  area. You know, Maryland, Virginia, the District of Columbia, of course the government's kind of gearing up, and there's lots of activity to, you know, take on some of these new projects. Another good area is Texas. Texas still has some residual goodwill related to energy and utilities. Beyond that, there is most of the - most every area of the country is feeling some pinch. Some of the toughest places are California, Nevada and Florida.

turn 5 : Most everyone in the country is feeling that they have to cut back on spending money.

What is the feeling most people in the country are experiencing regarding spending money?

Answer: Cut


Well - and very fortunately because the plane at the time he bailed out was headed more or less straight for a densely populated area - Pensacola, Florida. And if you look at the map, it came down just a few miles outside of town, also not far from the Gulf. That plane almost - he almost did guide it into the Gulf maybe 10 miles away.

And since this plane crashed, has anybody heard from Marcus Schrenker?

Well, supposedly one of his friends or acquaintances did get an email from him today. The county sheriff's office in Milton, Florida, which is sort of coordinating the crash investigation, said they couldn't confirm that email, but there were reports that he did send out this email.

Business reporter for the Indianapolis Star, Jeff Swiatek, thank you.

turn 0 : The pilot could have intentionally crashed the plane.

How did the plane almost end up in the Gulf?

Answer: Almost


Yes. In fact, by far. And that's why the Senate's version of this tax bill largely prevailed in the negotiations with the House over the last few weeks. Before those began, the Senate vote was just a bare majority before they had that big sit-down with the other chamber. And there were several Republican senators on the fence about it, even as yesterday morning dawned. That would include Bob Corker of Tennessee, Marco Rubio of Florida, Susan Collins of Maine.

But now Corker and Rubio are fully on board. Rubio got some more money for the child tax credit. And Bob Corker was objecting to the deficit increase, which is kind of still there, but he says it won't be, maybe, that bad. And he is, of course, a good Republican and a businessman. And he has to like a lot of what's in this bill.

Is this the bill Republicans feel they need to say that they can govern when they have control of the Senate, the House and the presidency?

Indeed. It shows that they can pass a big and complicated piece of legislation that they promised to pass and do it with just their own majorities in both the House and the Senate. It should satisfy the hardcore support base and the donor class that has been growing restive in recent months since the Obamacare repeal failure. And, of course, the jury is out on how many other people it's going to satisfy, including the wage-earners who voted for Donald Trump last year, believing he would be their champion.

turn 2 : (3) The actual meaning is that Republicans may see this tax bill as an opportunity to demonstrate their ability to govern, having control of the Senate, the House, and the presidency.

Which party has control of the Senate, the House, and the presidency?

Answer: Republicans


There's no simple answer to that. What will happen, some of our experiments will be back up and running within two or three weeks. Some of the most complex genetic processes will probably take over a year to get back together. And, you know, disruptions like this push us to think hard about what we want to do and where we want to go.

So I think even though I wouldn't have chosen this - and it really is tremendously sad to have lost our partners in these mice - it's going to push us to think about some new directions which we might not have tried had this not happened. So there is a bit of a silver lining to that.

I wonder if your colleagues are as cheery about this, or at least as optimistic about it as you are.

You know, I've really been impressed and really hardened by the way everyone around me at NYU and people all over the world - I was talking to Ben Crowley(ph) of the New York Times, and I mentioned that I had gotten some 40-odd emails. That's doubled since then. And these are individuals who are offering to give me my own lines back, give me their own lines, to help me with space and resources, to literally take over my experiments until we get back on our feet.

turn 1 : they are performing experiments on mice, and the mice are all dead

How are people offering to help the speaker?

Answer: Help


Good to be with you, Scott.

Do you think President Trump was essentially trying to back off and ease tensions with Iran this week?

Scott, let's begin by saying there was relief, widespread and bipartisan, when the president pulled back instead of pulling the trigger. But the larger confrontation he's created here still has very few avenues for escape. It's possible this show of last-minute restraint may make renewed negotiations possible, but it could also heighten the tension to the point where the Iranians cannot come to the table. They have complicated domestic politics to deal with, just as we do. So the moment of hesitation on the president's part could ultimately produce an even greater degree of anxiety, an even more disastrous hour of reckoning.

A number of people have questioned parts of the president's account, especially a statement that he wasn't given or asked for - whatever it was - an estimate of casualties until the strikes had almost begun.

turn 1 : To pull the trigger means to decide to make something happen.

Which word in the dialogue means to make a decision to do something?

Answer: trigger


Well, many of the discussions I've had with other educators is that many times, we have to have a partner - or if we are single, that our partner's income supports our teaching habits, if you will. Certified teachers with master's degrees teaching in their district for 15 years are still making around $30,000 to $35,000 within their district. To have that amount of education and that amount of experience and be paid that wage, that's not a livable wage.

Arizona is a right-to-work state, which means unions don't have much power to negotiate there. Kentucky, West Virginia, Oklahoma are, too. These are all states with Republican legislatures. And we've seen actions by teachers recently in those states, as well. Do you wish you had a union speaking for you?Would that be an answer?

The reason why I got involved was because of the teacher-led grassroots movement. We have been supported by other organizations. Arizona Education Association, which is our union - our teacher union here in the state - have been supporting us. Do I wish that a union was representing us?I'm glad that they are supporting us.

Why do you think this is happening now in places like Kentucky and West Virginia and Oklahoma and now Arizona?

Which state is mentioned as a right-to-work state?

Answer: Arizona


I don't think he is. I haven't heard him talk about the Constitution or small government. It's hard to say you espouse conservative principals and small-government principals when you are saying that you think Canadian health care system works and it's wonderful.

An NBC Wall Street Journal poll shows that Mr.  Trump has a very high favorability rating among conservative talk radio listeners. Do you have listeners that say to you you're wrong about this?

(Laughter) Not yet. I have lots of listeners who say that I'm wrong on this, but that's OK. I speak my mind, and my opinion is my opinion, nothing more and nothing less. I look for a man of integrity, humility, who is rooted in the Constitution - because if you root yourself in the Constitution, we can't go too far left, and we can go too far right. We are held by principles we all used to declare we found self-evident.

Do you have any sense of rivalry with Donald Trump?

turn 2 :  In this context, "root yourself in the Constitution" implies having a firm understanding of the values and principles in the Constitution, as opposed to its literal meaning of physically planting yourself in the document.

What does "root yourself in the Constitution" imply?

Answer: Understanding


It will be - the repercussions will, you know, be far and wide. As I said, the law has more than a thousand pages. It touches every part of the health care system. So it's not just these marketplaces that we talk about most of the time.

The most immediate impact is Medicaid expansion. More than 10 million people have gotten health care because states have expanded Medicaid to a larger population. The law guarantees that people up to age 26 can get insurance through their parents. That's popular - that would go away. Again, the pre-existing condition protections - insurance companies have to give people coverage for their existing health problems.

But then, it also controls what Medicare pays doctors. It authorizes the Indian Health Service. It determines whether companies have to make accommodations for breastfeeding mothers. It makes chain restaurants put calorie counts on their menus. I mean, it's everywhere.

Yeah. Well, I mean, a lot of things have changed in American life.

turn 0 : touches every part of the health care system implies relates and concerns the health care system

How does the law impact the Indian Health Service?

Answer: Authorizes


The New York Mets lost 7 to 1 to the Milwaukee Brewers on Wednesday, but the real loser was their mascot, Mr.  Met. Mr.  Met has a huge white baseball of a head dappled with red stitching and embellished with a perpetual grin.

But as he left the playing field Wednesday night, Mr.  Met flipped a middle finger to a group of fans who posted it on Twitter - busted, Mr.  Met. The club apologized, and the team employee in the Mr.  Met costume that night has reportedly not returned. There were reports that fans heckled him, which fans deny.

The Mr.  Mets middle finger controversy poses a physical and philosophical question. Mr.  Met has four fingers on each hand. How can you say that any of them is a middle finger?Anyway, flipping the bird in New York, isn't that just how they say good morning in Queens?

(Singing) Well, everybody's heard about the bird - bird, bird, bird, the bird's the word. Well, bird, bird, bird, bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, bird - the bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, bird, bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, bird - the bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, bird's the word. Well, bird, bird, bird - the bird's the word. Well, bird, bird, bird, bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, bird's the word. Well, don't you know about the bird?Well, everybody knows that the bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, the bird's the word. . .

turn 1 :  the figurative use of the phrase "flipping the bird" and the phrase's implication in New York City, respectively.

Which gesture did Mr. Met make towards a group of fans?

Answer: Bird


Oh, it smells delicious.
Vegetal.
It's totally vegetal.
(Laughter).

turn 1 : Don't just paraphase the words! Find the implicated meaning! We don't want answers like: to be silent means stay quiet and not making noise, bad answer!  Please read the examples above carefully!      (1)	B:	Oh, it smells delicious. (2)	A:	Vegetal. (3)	B:	It's totally vegetal. (4)	A:	(Laughter).  Please choose the turns whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings.   (1)  (2)  (3)  (4)

Which word did PersonA use to describe the smell?

Answer: Delicious


So we hear that a lot. We hear employees being congratulated for working 24/7, which now we know is the cognitive equivalent of coming to work drunk. But it's changing. We are now in this amazing transition period where more and more companies are beginning to realize that living like that and working like that has actually terrible consequences, not just on the health and productivity of their employees but also on their bottom line.

You talk about sleep as a basic human right that we have not ranked alongside, you know, the right not to go hungry, the right to freedom of expression, that sort of thing.

Yes, and what is interesting is that it's a right that has been violated both in workplaces where employees have been expected to be perpetually on, especially since the advent of the smartphone, but also which is constantly violated by us because we have so minimized the importance of sleep. So that basic human right that you mention is often violated by us.

We can't do an interview with Arianna Huffington at this point and not ask about the 2016 presidential campaign. And I will point out Donald Trump says he just gets by on about four hours of sleep a night. Any reaction to that?

turn 3 : (4) Implies that Donald Trump's disregard for sleep is unwise and potentially detrimental.

Which presidential candidate's sleep habits are discussed in the dialogue?

Answer: Trump


Actually, before, I was charging 155. And since the economy has gotten bad, I don't want to take advantage of people. So, I've just felt to lower my prices to make it better for everyone, and it's 125, and it's an hour session, and I do phone or in-person readings. I'm in New York. So, if anyone is in New York, I can do an in-person reading or over the phone.

And you say you channel. What does that mean?What's your technique?

My technique is, I work with guides on the other side and angels who work through me. So, I never say that the information is from me. It's coming from a higher source. And these things are connected to the person, so they really know the person better than they know themselves. And they know what they need to hear or that they want to hear that is best for them to help their soul to live the life that is best for their soul, basically.

Hmm. With all due respect to you and your profession, couldn't someone just be extremely well informed by reading the newspapers, listening to NPR, for example, and figuring out which way the economic winds are blowing and then make predictions and offer advice based on that?

turn 0 : charging implies money levied for service and not charging battery level

Answer: None


Like we have a song together called, "You Think You Got It Bad. "And what I do is, you know, we'll play the track. Then we'll ask him what do he think it needs?And he goes in the studio and do it. You know, it's never something like boy, you can write something for somebody else. You just have to leave everybody creatively open and just hope that it'll all work out.

(Singing) Everything happens for a reason. . .

Now, one of your collaborators, T. I. , was just sentenced to jail on weapons charges. He's, you know, hasn't started serving, yet. But you spent some time in jail yourself. And do you have any advice for someone like T. I. on how to deal with doing time?

Yeah. I think, you know, it is an opportunity. I mean, it's kind of a sad opportunity. I hate to, you know, get an opportunity to have a lot of time with yourself like that. But seeing as if you do, you have the ability to focus on something completely. You have no other outside circumstances that just need your attention like that. You know, he could, you know, write songs. He could find the cure to cancer. He could do anything, man.

turn 2 : "doing time" - The actual meaning of this phrase is serving a prison sentence. However, the intended meaning could be that this is an opportunity for self-reflection and personal growth.

Which phrase has an intended meaning of personal growth and self-reflection?

Answer: Self-reflection


His anatomy turns out to be such that when he tastes something, he experiences it as much more intense than someone who has a lower density of taste buds on his tongue and. . .

Well, let me go through - let me ask you - well, let me just remind everybody that this is SCIENCE FRIDAY, from NPR. And I'm talking with Barbara Stuckey, author of "Taste What You're Missing. "Are you saying that we each have different numbers of taste buds on our tongues?Not - we all don't have the same number of taste buds?

We all live in our own private sensory world. So yes, the answer is we all have a different anatomy picture that really influences how we experience. . .

Wow.

turn 3 : B: Wow.The word "Wow" is often used to express surprise or astonishment, but in this context, it may not convey the literal meaning of a sudden reaction. It could be indicating the listener's genuine interest or fascination with the previous statement, rather than just an exclamation.

What could PersonB's reaction indicate about their response to PersonA's statement?

Answer: Fascination


Still, you'll remember that more than two dozen Russians have already been indicted this year for conspiring to interfere in the 2016 elections. And the message this week is that they are at it again, or maybe they never stopped.

We should remind ourselves - this is so serious. This has to do with the ability of citizens to cast vote, which is the lowest and most important lever of democracy. What's the reaction been like so far in the Capitol?

You know, President Trump has kind of brushed off these new charges. He says there's nothing here to do with his campaign. And he says if there are hackers out there, they probably liked his opponent in 2016, Hillary Clinton, better than him. He was also critical, yesterday, of former President Obama, Trump said, for not doing more in 2016 to deter these attacks back then. Of course, the Obama administration tried to issue a warning, but they say that idea was shot down by Republican Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell at the time.

As for other reactions from the Capitol, Senator Mark Warner, Democrat - the senior Democrat on the Senate Intelligence Committee - says it's time for Congress to get involved here. He says that social media companies need to commit to work with lawmakers to update laws and better protect against this kind of foreign election interference.

turn 0 : Russian interference in the 2016 election is ongoing or never stopped.

Which lever of democracy is the most important?

Answer: Vote


Thank you.

What's your game plan to recapture the glory days of Fischer versus Spassky?

Well, I think what I remember most clearly from my childhood, which inspires me in transforming chess into a spectator sport is having a radio under my pillow and listening to the Orioles games in Baltimore. Here in England, I try and remind people of listening to cricket on the radio. These were enormously popular ways of consuming sports, and you didn't really need to see anything. You have the same thing with chess. If you happen to have a computer at hand, you get brilliant new data visualization, which allows you to see with the eyes of a grandmaster. So, it's not at all the sort of paint-drying experience that you imagine.

How do you hope to get people who don't care so deeply about chess or might even not know how the game is played except the vaguely know that a checkmate is something good and the king is something that you aspire to be on the board. How do you get them interested?

Well, we don't probably. And I don't think it really matters. We hired a great media research company and we came to the amazing conclusion there are more people in America who play chess regularly now than there are people who play tennis and golf.

But to point out the obvious: the play chess, they don't watch it.

turn 2 : A's response is not directly answering B's question about the game plan to recapture the glory days of Fischer versus Spassky. Instead, A is sharing their inspiration to transform chess into a spectator sport and explaining how it can be consumed without the need for visual aids.

What does PersonA remember most clearly from their childhood that inspires them to transform chess into a spectator sport?

Answer: Radio


All right, Lanny, final question, and got to keep this tight. Is it smart or fair for him to stay as the head of Ways and Means?

It's absolutely smart and fair, so long as he's willing to accept the judgment on the merits when the investigation is completed. Now, Congressman Boehner, the Republican minority leader, introduced a censure resolution when there are Republicans on the House Ethics Committee who haven't even had a chance to see the evidence. This is the same John Boehner who has admitted to handing out tobacco money on the floor of the House. That's who is jumping to conclusions, as Ken Spain has done. And by the way, even in your case, there is a difference between indictment and conviction. You can indict a ham sandwich. I wrote a column that said Ted Stevens is an innocent man until he's proven guilty. Well, so is Charles Rangel. We've turned over everything we're going to to the Ethics Committee. We asked the Ethics Committee to investigate Congressman Rangel. Now we have our forensic investigator who's reporting to the Ethics Committee, and then we're going to publish everything, including 20 years of tax returns, and abide by the Ethics Committee judgment. Only Republicans desperate to change the subject as to what has happened in this economy over eight years of Republican gross negligence. . .

All right, Lanny.

Is the word that I heard used, would focus on Charlie Rangel rather than what's going on in mainstream America today.

turn 1 :  "You can indict a ham sandwich." - This turn of phrase is an idiom and does not have a literal meaning. It means that a prosecutor can secure an indictment, or formal accusation of a crime, against anyone, even if the evidence is weak or lacking. The turn of phrase is used to emphasize that the indictment alone does not prove guilt.

Which phrase is used to emphasize that an indictment alone does not prove guilt?

Answer: sandwich


Now it's, I should say this is a demonstration, it's not, you know, there is an actual kill that takes place in the video, but it's not a real kill, it's a demo kill. But what the system that they are playing or working on actually is designed to do and will do when it is deployed is to hunt, and if necessary kill, real targets. It fires missiles, it drops bombs, you can hear the guy talking about the weapons that he has available on one of his drones.

And they didn't just make it feel like a video game, they figured out that there's a sort of a feedback loop that was a problem for the operators, they couldn't kind of sense what was happening. And they hired video gamers to redesign their system for them.

Yeah, they hired real game developers. Because, you know, when you compared what people in the military were using to operate drones to what the latest Xbox or PlayStation system looked like, I mean the screens on this wrap around you so you feel as though you were there. One of the executives Raytheon describes it as projecting your mind into a place where you want it.

You write about watching this demonstration video with your seven year old kind of standing behind you watching this screen, and he gets it right away and he kind of likes it.

turn 2 : "the screens on this wrap around you so you feel as though you were there" - The literal meaning is that the screens wrap around the user to create a sense of immersion. The implied meaning is that the user can feel as though they are actually present in the location where the drone is operating.

Answer: Immersion


Studios can hold out. They're in bad shape. I mean, they're going to be hurt by this environment economically. But that doesn't mean they can't survive for quite a long time with a strike underway. And that means that people would - I mean, it would just be so devastating; people would lose their jobs. And that wouldn't just be the actors; it would be people who support productions. The actors, unlike the writers, they can close down a movie very quickly. So, it would be an immediate and potentially a long-term and the devastating impact not only for the economy here, but for the Screen Actors Guild if it turned out to backfire.

So, Kim, what happens from here?What's the next steps?

At some point, they can declare an impasse, and the Screen Actors Guild will go to its members and ask for a strike authorization. That requires 75-percent approval of those voting. There certainly are some very high-profile actors - George Clooney, Tom Hanks - who are very opposed to this and who probably would go out there and try to persuade people to vote and vote it down. But with 75-percent approval of those voting, not of the membership, of those voting, that would mean they would have strike authorization and they could initiate a strike.

And if there is a strike, what would that mean for viewers?Does that mean even more hours of reality TV?

turn 0 : If there is a strike, it would have an immediate and potentially a long-term devastating impact on the economy and for the Screen Actors Guild.

Answer: Devastating


So Iran, I think, is going to respond to what it sees as its advantage. If the Trump administration were prepared to say we're going to remove a good part of the sanctions on Iran if you will sit down at the table, I think Iran would probably take that very seriously. The Trump administration, because of its opposition to the nuclear deal, created a crisis that really wasn't necessary.

And it could get worse. There is a real chance of misperception and misunderstanding that leads to military conflict. And I think this is something that nobody wants.

That's Gary Sick. He's a senior research scholar at Columbia University's Middle East Institute. Mr.  Sick, thank you so much for talking to us.

It was a pleasure.

turn 0 : Iran would be willing to negotiate if some of the sanctions were removed.

How would Iran respond if the Trump administration removed some of the sanctions?

Answer: Seriously


One option for mothers who feel they aren't able to properly raise a child is to surrender their infants anonymously. So-called safe-haven laws let moms give up their children at local hospitals, police and fire stations without legal consequence. They're intended as a way to save babies from grim fates. Pete Pircsh is a state senator in Nebraska.

2004, a 2-day-old infant was abandoned in a canal near the Elkhorn River in Norfolk. The baby had been dead for about two days at the time it was discovered. In 2007, a woman found a baby boy abandoned in a tote bag between a trash bin and a discarded TV, and there are other incidents like that.

This summer, Nebraska became the last state in the nation to pass a safe-haven law, and theirs is a bit different. Pirsch wrote an amendment to the bill that says children as old as 19 can be left at safe havens. Most states only allow parents to drop off their children if they're less than a year old.

If they're on the point where they, out of frustration or anger, may actually injure the child, then this is a vastly superior system to set up because it will take the child from that position of danger and place him into a safe environment.

turn 3 : Safe-haven laws provide a vastly superior system to take a child out of a dangerous situation and place them in a safe environment.

Answer: Save


Given that President Trump pulled the U. S.  out of this deal a year ago, why has Iran just now decided to do all this?

Well, there's a couple of reasons. One, as you mentioned, the U. S.  isn't the only party to the deal. And so after the U. S.  pulled out, Iran wanted to give the other parties, which are Russia, Europe and China, time to maybe provide some sanctions relief, to provide it a reason to stay in. After a year, that hadn't happened. And so Iran has been putting pressure, particularly on Europe, to try and get something in exchange for agreeing to abide by the deal.

The other big thing that's going on is that the U. S.  is dialing up this maximum pressure campaign. And Iran is kind of exerting the same campaign back. You know, they are starting to be increasingly provocative in a number of arenas, and the nuclear arena is one of those.

And does this mean that the deal is likely to totally fall apart soon?

turn 2 : Iran is responding to the US's maximum pressure campaign

How is Iran reacting to the US's campaign?

Answer: Responding


Very much this was an aftershock to the departure of Steve Bannon, who was the president's chief strategist. He's the guy who brought Seb Gorka in. Gorka was not a household name, at least not in most households. And he was part of the contingent in the White House associated with this America first attitude, a kind of ultra-nationalism. And that faction, at this point, is down. But as we saw with the pardon of Sheriff Arpaio, that faction is not yet out.

More missiles out of North Korea were launched last night - fell in the sea. North Korea had not so much other news broken overnight. This might have been our lead story. Does President Trump, after this week, have the confidence in Congress and in other quarters of opinion, to lead the country on this and other issues?

You know, that depends on whom you ask. There are certainly those people who will express total confidence in the president, those who have probably never had any at all. But the team around the president, the three generals - so we are increasingly talking about John Kelly, James Mattis, H. R. McMaster - that team tends to boost confidence on military matters.

Ron Elving, thanks so much.

turn 0 : (1) "And that faction, at this point, is down.But as we saw with the pardon of Sheriff Arpaio, that faction is not yet out."

What was the faction associated with the America first attitude that is not yet out?

Answer: America


Exactly, exactly.

How often does this happen?This is quite rare, is it not?

Yeah, we haven't had an annular eclipse in the United States since 1994, and this is part of what's called a sero-cycle(ph) that repeats itself every 18 years, 11 days and six hours - but who's counting that?But it repeats itself very precisely, and so we'll have another eclipse just like this 18 years, 11 days and six hours from now.

And in a couple of weeks, there's going to be another big sky show, right?The Transit of Venus. Tell us about that.

turn 3 : This implies that there is another event coming up soon, not just asking for information.

Answer: Implication


Right. We can run through who is to blame for this, but I'd rather talk about what the solution is. The sticking points are on immigration. The president wants to change the system. Are you willing to scrap, for example, the visa lottery where 50,000 visas are given out to individuals from countries who aren't represented. . .

I think we have to look at it in a comprehensive way. But the point right now is just the other day, just the other night, Mitch McConnell understood that he needed 60 votes to continue the - to pass a continuing resolution. And yet he went forward knowing he did not have the 60 votes. So it is time for the Republicans - let's be clear. They control the House. They control the Senate. They control the White House. They've got to sit down and negotiate and understand they can't get everything they want. . .

Right. But what are you asking for?What are you asking for, exactly?

What we're asking for is three things. We are asking for an annual budget which will provide equally for defense and nondefense spending. We are asking that months and months after these terrible disasters impacted Texas and Florida and Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands - that we deal with disaster relief. And we are asking what the American people want. Recent poll had 87 percent of the American people saying that DREAMers should receive, retain their legal status that Trump took away from them. And most of those folks think there should be a path toward citizenship.

turn 1 : Republicans need to compromise and negotiate instead of trying to get everything they want.

How did PersonA suggest the Republicans should approach negotiations?

Answer: Compromise


We're hosting an online viewing party of sorts. For all those people who couldn't be among the 75,000 at INVESCO, I guess the next best thing to do is have your computer at your desk and join us. So we'll be linking to a stream of the event, and we'll host a real-time conversation.

So give that address again.

nprnewsandviews. org.

All right. Geoffrey Bennett is the web producer for News and Notes, joining me from the studios at the NPR west. Geoff, thank you very much.

turn 0 : Virtual event for inclusive engagement and community building.

Answer: virtual


Let me follow up on a couple of things. Attorney General Sessions and the Justice Department announced the change on affirmative action and a big vow a crack down on leaks, following the leak of White House - of transcripts from White House conversations between President Trump and prime minister of Australia and the president of Mexico.

Yes. Now, Jeff Sessions, despite his very public dispute with the president, who has been unhappy with him publicly, continues to be quite busy at the Department of Justice. The affirmative action issue is not quite clear. The Department of Justice claims there was less to that story than was originally claimed, that, in fact, they're merely looking at a single lawsuit, not looking to overhaul American policy to attack affirmative action broadly across the country.

On Friday, Attorney General Sessions announced this wide-ranging effort to root out leaks, which have been very rampant in the - under this administration to the great displeasure of the president and those in his orbit, announcing that he will re-evaluate the Department of Justice's guidelines on how they deal with leaks and potentially seek to target journalists more than is already done.

And we should note, to be fair, the Obama administration targeted at least one journalist, James Rosen, who was - phone calls from. . .

turn 2 :  (3), the implied meaning is that the Department of Justice is taking a strong stance on leaks and may be targeting journalists more aggressively than they have in the past, which could have implications for press freedom.

Which issue is the Department of Justice targeting more aggressively?

Answer: journalists


And they would need 60 votes to do that bill, which means they would need at least eight Democrats and probably more to come on board to essentially re-pass some form of health care legislation to offer insurance to people on the individual market. I think realistic people in this debate on both sides of the equation say that is the most unrealistic option at this stage.

Do you hear any concern from Republican leaders or individual Republican legislators about the public opinion polls that suggest that the Republican health care proposals are extravagantly unpopular, less than 20 percent?

They are fully aware of how unpopular this legislation is. But I will tell you, Scott, every single conversation I have had with a Republican lawmaker on Capitol Hill is they say not doing anything on health care - letting this bill fail - is the worst possible political outcome because it is the singular thing that they have all campaigned on. It is the reason why they believe they have congressional majorities in the White House. And to fail on that would completely deflate the Republican base and structurally weaken the party going into the midterm elections.

But Mitch McConnell at the same time can't pull some Democrats over with a plan.

turn 2 : Republican lawmakers recognize that not taking action on health care would have negative political consequences.

What do Republican lawmakers fear would happen to their party if they fail to act on health care legislation?

Answer: Weaken


You described some playwrights, Beckett, for example, as somebody whose work seems to back away from you the closer you get it. But Miller's play, you say, is not like that.

No. It wasn't like - my experience with Chekhov and Beckett was just what you call - that they get harder and harder as you go. But with "Salesman," surprisingly, because it's fully as great a play as those others, it did welcome us and come toward us day by day. And then, we did a fairly smart thing, which is that we had a workshop just for ourselves for almost a month, and nobody ever saw it and we didn't perform it, but we just worked on it. And then as per plan, we went away for over three and a half months.

And then when we came back, we went into rehearsal and then finally got onstage and did it. And the three and a half months living and doing other things made a surprisingly big difference. It just sank into everybody and took enormous strides all on its own, and that was both exciting and surprising in its extent. And also, it was a clue to what was going to continue to happen, which is that it just burrowed deeper and deeper into the actors and they - into one another, and they have become a family. And they're - what goes on between them is - I've never seen - in my experience, I've never seen it quite like this.

Philip Seymour Hoffman obviously plays the lead role. Is - did the play come first or the actor come first?

turn 2 : burrowed deeper and deeper implies that the work was engaging for the actors to perform

Which word describes the impact the play had on the actors?

Answer: Surprising


Do you think the royal family can really survive in a time when we have other kinds of celebrities that cost the taxpayer nothing?I mean, clearly, a lot of hopes are being placed on not only Meghan Markle and Prince Harry but the other younger royals like Prince William.

I very, very sincerely believe that Britain couldn't do without them. There's such a deep attachment. They're sort of the very, like, emblem of history, of continuity. Unlike America, there's been almost a kind of - a certain kind of disregard for history. Britain has always fallen back on the past. It's always needed the past. So they're - I think that they will find a way for the royal family to continue to carry on that symbolism, at least.

I must ask you - are you attending the wedding?

I'm not.

turn 0 : The speaker believes that the royal family is being given an unfair advantage over other kinds of celebrities that don't cost taxpayers anything. Score: 4

Which disadvantage does the speaker believe other kinds of celebrities have compared to the royal family?

Answer: Cost


What happened with Dr.  Strauss was upsetting. It was one night in your life. How has it stayed with you over the years?What's it done to your life since then?

So that building was fairly close to campus. And so for the next probably three, four or five years, you know, I went by that building a lot. It was hard to relive what's going in there. Again, you just kind of bottle it up and put it away. I'm, you know, upset with Ohio State. But I'm upset with Strauss, but he's dead. So I'm even more upset that Ohio State, a large institution that I have significant ties to and that I - you know, I met my wife there, asked her to marry me, have lots of friends from there. I've donated my time, donated money. And now I'm finding out that they failed me.

When the box opened back up on Memorial Day, I've had trouble sleeping at night. I sometimes wake up the middle of the night and see him standing over me doing what he's doing. And I still - there's one picture of him on the - a local TV station and Columbus' website - a color picture that I can't look at. If I see it, I just get sick to my stomach. So the box has been opened back up now, and it's been a struggle.

What would you like the university to do at this point in your life?

turn 1 : Bob feels betrayed by Ohio State for failing him despite his significant ties to the institution.

Which institution does Bob feel betrayed by?

Answer: Ohio


Yes, and we looked especially at people who are most likely to think they are lacking in bias, such as the self-described egalitarians, also political liberals. Our sample, being an Internet sample, is not surprising that it was a majority of liberals. And we found that the implicit race attitudes of these liberals and the egalitarians predicted their warmth toward Republican candidates.

So in other words, many white and non-white voters will unconsciously vote against President Obama because of his race, but when asked, they'll give a reason other than race.

That's very likely. This is very hard to tease apart, and our method works by measuring things that you can't really ask people about because they don't know. And we think it's one of a number of factors that play into determining vote. But it's a strong enough factor so that it can actually affect a significant percentage of the vote.

Among Republican candidates, when you polled them, did you see similar racial attitudes towards Herman Cain?

turn 2 : Factors such as implicit race attitudes can significantly affect the vote.

Which attitudes can significantly affect the vote?

Answer: Implicit


He gave him something called Ward's White Drops which didn't do anything. The poor bishop died a few months later, and Dr.  Hunter was the one who performed the autopsy. And he collected the bishop's rectum for whatever reasons and he preserved them in formaldehyde. And when he started his museum, it became one of the main things on exhibit and it's still there.

Hmm. For - yeah, for all of us to take a look at.

Mm-hmm.

What made this an outstanding candidate?Just the story like that, for your. . .

turn 0 : The bishop is rectum became a museum exhibit.

Which body part of the bishop was preserved in formaldehyde and exhibited in the museum?

Answer: Rectum


Yeah. And a program like this, how does it help you see things differently and what you should do differently?

It helped me see things differently by not wanting to be the person that's robbing the good guy, you know. It helped me see that I could do anything with my life and that anything's possible. You know, I could go to the moon right now if I wanted to.

Thank you. Been nice to talk to you too.

turn 2 : (3) B: Christian Champagne, who is a high school junior in Chicago and part of the Becoming a Man program. All kinds of luck to you, Mr. Champagne. It's been very nice to talk to you.  In both of these turns, the implied meanings go beyond the literal words used. The speaker in (2) is expressing a change in their perspective and motivation, not just describing a visual change. In (3), the speaker is using the phrase "All kinds of luck to you" as a form of well-wishing, not literally referring to different types of luck.

Which program was Christian Champagne a part of?

Answer: Becoming


The 767 is a workhorse of an airplane. It's been flying since 1981. Boeing has made more than a thousand of them. As passenger airlines sell off older members of their fleets, many 767s end up as cargo planes. And it's one of these leased to Amazon that crashed last Saturday near Houston. Three people onboard died. Yesterday, investigators discovered the cockpit voice recorder. We spoke with Todd Curtis, an aviation safety and security analyst and founder of airsafe. com, and asked if the 767 is a safe aircraft.

Generally speaking, yes. This is an aircraft that's been used in military versions, passenger versions, freight versions since the early 1980s. This is an aircraft that's had a lot of experience. It's been through a lot of vetting during the original design phase, as well as throughout its history. So there're, at present, no real issues on the level of the NTSB or the FAA being worried about this airplane.

What's known about this specific aircraft that crashed?It was 26 years old. Anything else about its history we know?

Well, this particular aircraft is typical for an older 767. That is, it went through several operators through its lifespan. And in recent years, after it stopped being a passenger airliner, it was converted to being a cargo airliner and had been flying for some time with Atlas Airlines, which, in this case, had the aircraft leased out to Amazon.

turn 1 : The 767 has a good safety record and is not a concern for the FAA.

How is the safety record of the 767 aircraft?

Answer: Good.


All right. Give me - we just have time for one tip for online dating, something you should do or shouldn't do.

One thing you should do is be yourself. Never ever, ever post any picture that's like five years old and 50 pounds lighter or heavier than you are. It's like your picture should reflect who you are, and the way that you write your profile should reflect who you are as a person, as well as the person that you're trying to attract for a date. Things you should not do, never have someone meet you in your home on a first date that you've never met before. Don't give out any specifics. I say, don't tell someone where you work unless you want them to come and visit you there.

Right.

Don't give them your address unless you want them to come and visit you there as well.

turn 0 : 50 pounds  implies a weight and not referring to 50 British pounds

How much lighter or heavier should you not post a picture of yourself when online dating?

Answer: 50lbs


As soon as we saw it, there's no mistaking it, Mr.  Fernandez told the New York Post. It's basically a miniature version of the shark you see in the movie "Jaws. "And Mr.  Fernandez and his fishing buddies were in a boat not far off 116th Street. Close enough, as he said, that we could still see the colors of the bathing suits of the people on the beach.

The great white that Steve Fernandez snagged turned out to be an 80 pound baby shark. The shark's mother, who probably weighs about 600 pounds, was swimming only a little further away. Great white sharks are apparently protected by New York State regulations. The authorities consider sharks too big to fail so the fisher people snapped a few shark selfies and slipped their catch back into the see. A great white shark in far Rockaway, Queens - well, why not?They say you can find at least one of everything somewhere in New York. But wouldn't you think the sharks would swim closer to Wall Street?

(Singing) Baby there's a shark in the water. There's something underneath my bed. Oh, please believe, I said. Baby there's a shark in the water. I caught them barking at the moon. You better get here soon.

V.  V.  Brown. You're listening to NPR News.

turn 2 : The lyrics of the song in turn 3 are actually about a romantic relationship, not an actual shark in the water.

Answer: Song