No, no, and I think my guess is that a good part of this was done before the president made that announcement. It is the case - immigration law is so complicated, and so much of it is unclear that it certainly argues, as Obama said today, that this is something that Congress should go back and try to come up with some clear and more comprehensive immigration reform law, but maybe, as you know, that's for some future Congress.

The critics, those who were in the minority on the 5 to 3 part, those included Justices Scalia and Thomas. Did either of them say anything interesting in their dissent?

Justice Scalia said a lot that was interesting. He said, here's a quote. "As a sovereign, Arizona has the inherent power to exclude persons from its territory subject only to limitations written into law by Congress. "He took a very strong view - he mentioned it at the argument - that a sovereign state has the sort of authority on its own to arrest or kick out unwanted people.

I had never heard that before. I didn't think states had that power. But Justice Scalia wrote a very strong dissent, sort of arguing for this is a sovereign right of Arizona, and we the Supreme Court shouldn't step in and block what they're doing.

turn 1 : "say anything interesting" - The actual meaning implied here is that the dissenting justices had differing opinions that were worth discussing or noteworthy.

Which justice mentioned the inherent power of Arizona to exclude persons from its territory?

Answer: Scalia


Well, it's - the prosecutors are saying that, essentially, they've got easier access to Julian Assange. He's no longer holed up in the Ecuadorian Embassy. He's in custody in the U. K. , so it's more feasible. I mean, they haven't proven him to be guilty or innocent, but the evidence hasn't changed. It wasn't due to a lack of evidence that they decided not to question him. It was pure logistics.

As we mentioned, the U. S.  is trying to extradite him, as is Sweden. Is there a chance that there could be competing claims against him here?

Yeah. The big question is who's going to get the chance to speak to him first?And Swedish prosecutors at their press conference - they basically said, we're going to let the U. K.  decide, but it could well be that it's down to the home secretary in the U. K. , the interior minister, to decide which of the countries he thinks has a more pressing case. Should it be the rape charges, or should it be the hacking classified military secrets in the U. S. ?

And there are also time considerations here. Tell us about the statute of limitations.

Yeah. In Sweden, there's a certain time limit for different kinds of crimes. And for rape, it's 10 years. So there's about a year to go before that statute of limitation limit is reached, which means there really is a time squeeze on authorities.

turn 4 : "a time squeeze on authorities" implies that there is not a lot of time before that statute of limitation limit is reached, not that time is actually squeezed.

How does the statement "a time squeeze on authorities" imply the situation regarding the statute of limitations?

Answer: A


It's been an exciting year for developments in space. Just earlier this week, SpaceX successfully landed a 15-story tall section of one of their rockets back on Earth. And joining me to discuss what's been going on off our planet during 2015 is NPR science correspondent Geoff Brumfiel. So explain exactly what happened that a part of the rocket returned.

In some sense, this was just another rocket launch for SpaceX. You know, they sent 11 communication satellites into orbit. What really makes this special is what happened to the big first stage of the rocket. Now, normally this would just fall back to Earth. But this time, SpaceX flipped it around and then flew it back to near the launch site and actually landed it. They fired the engines a second time and it sort of floated down onto the pad. It was pretty spectacular to watch.

The space pad looks big when you're looking at it on the Earth. But from space, it must be a tiny dot.

Yeah, I mean SpaceX describes it as trying to shoot a pencil over the Empire State Building, have it turn around and land in a shoebox vertically. That's how hard this is.

turn 0 : The use of the word "exciting" suggests that the developments in space during 2015 were particularly noteworthy or significant.

Which word did SpaceX use to describe the rocket's landing difficulty?

Answer: Hard


Yeah.

Well, Mayor Belangia, good luck. I hope I see Oriental someday. It sounds like a lovely place.

Please do. You will fall in love with it.

And I'll bring a loaf of bread for you.

turn 1 : The speaker is expressing well-wishes to Mayor Belangia, but may not actually intend to visit Oriental or bring bread. The statement is likely meant to be polite or humorous.

What is the PersonA's intention behind offering to bring a loaf of bread?

Answer: Humorous


So we shall see.

But I have learned a new phrase - brass-necked. Our own brass-necked Melissa Block is covering the World Cup.

(Laughter) I'm not sure if that's a compliment, Steve. But thanks.

I don't know. If it means tough, if it means on top of things, it is you, Melissa. Own it.

turn 1 : Melissa Block is bold and confident in her reporting.

What phrase did PersonB learn to describe Melissa Block's reporting style?

Answer: Reporting


Well, that might be true. But I just think to put someone on a list for leering - to put that word on a list as an accusation is a pretty strong statement. This is a list being circulated in the business. This is a list meant to affect people's reputations and their careers. Another thing was something like leading multiple women on online was one of the charges on that list. And you know, that's a pretty common thing. And I would say leering's a pretty common thing. So do we really want to put that in writing and like besmirch somebody's reputation over something like that?I don't know.

But should it be a pretty common thing?

Well, these are sort of sleazy behaviors. And maybe they should not. But I'm just not sure these are criminal acts. And I suppose what I want to do is kind of separate what's a real abuse of power or a criminal act from what is kind of like everyday sleazy behavior that we wish wouldn't happen. I mean, we wish it wouldn't happen. But do we want people to lose their jobs over it?

In this article, you write at length about about Lorin Stein, who was until a few weeks ago the editor of Paris Review, who has acknowledged behavior he says he regrets. And you point out the fact that he has has nurtured and supported the careers of many successful women writers. Does one justify the other?Can you expect to get exonerated on that?

turn 2 : Distinguishing between criminal acts and sleazy behavior, and whether people should lose their jobs over it.

How does PersonA suggest separating behavior that should result in job loss from everyday sleazy behavior?

Answer: Separating


I mean, of course, we don't know yet. But, yes, you can imagine this could present some big challenges they have to deal with. I mean, one big thing the - most glaring thing everyone's talking about today - is that this could serve for some voters as a reminder of Bernie Sanders' age. He is 78. The campaign is ramping up. It's only going to intensify. Campaigning is really exhausting. And so this might not rattle the diehard Sanders fans out there, but there are voters who exist - I have talked to them, my colleagues have - voters who are concerned about nominating or electing someone who is of advanced age. And so this could affect how those voters feel. And now, let's keep in mind, of course, that two of Sanders' main rivals - Senator Elizabeth Warren, former Vice President Joe Biden - they're themselves in their 70s. Now, the additional. . .

As is the president who they'd be running against, President Trump, so yeah.

Exactly, yes. And, you know, the additional challenge is that Sanders is going to want to talk about other things. He just put up some great campaign finance numbers, a new income inequality tax plan. So the next debate - October 15 - that's what we're going to be looking at to see, you know, if he can look strong, remind people of how passionate he is. That's an opportunity to put all of this behind him.

That is NPR's Danielle Kurtzleben.

turn 0 : Everyone is talking about something that no one can deny as everyone sees it. It might not upset people who like Bernie Sanders and make them want to vote for someone else.

Which potential factor might affect how some voters feel about nominating or electing someone who is of advanced age?

Answer: Age


There's a group of Americans who've been dubbed the Young Invincibles. They're not, of course. But they are young, healthy and people the administration needs to buy health coverage under the Affordable Care Act. The new health insurance exchanges opened October 1st and officials want at least 2. 7 million of the seven million estimated new enrollees to fall inside that 18 to 35 age range to keep insurance rates low.

The president and Hollywood stars have made special appeals to this group, nicely reminding them that those who choose not to enroll have to pay a fine. In 2011, over 18 million of these young adults were not insured for health care.

We spoke with Lisa Dubay, a fellow at the Urban Institute, about why many have not had coverage.

Only about 11 percent of the uninsured Young Invincibles aren't purchasing coverage because they think they don't need it. Most of them are saying they're not purchasing coverage because it's unaffordable. So I'm not convinced that they're not going to enroll. I think they probably will enroll. If the rates are good and they look like they're going to be low with the subsidies, I think that we will get Young Invisibles to come in. And they have a lot of options.

turn 0 : (1) B: There's a group of Americans who've been dubbed the Young Invincibles. They're not, of course. But they are young, healthy and people the administration needs to buy health coverage under the Affordable Care Act.  The literal meaning of this turn is that the speaker is introducing a group of Americans who are referred to as the Young Invincibles, and clarifying that they are not actually invincible. However, the implied meaning could be that the speaker is trying to downplay the idea that young people are invincible and don't need health insurance, in order to encourage them to enroll in the Affordable Care Act. The speaker may also be using irony to draw attention to the fact that even though these young people are not invincible, they may feel that way and be hesitant to enroll in health insurance.

What is the name given to the group of Americans that the administration needs to buy health coverage under the Affordable Care Act?

Answer: YoungInvincibles.


Well, many of the discussions I've had with other educators is that many times, we have to have a partner - or if we are single, that our partner's income supports our teaching habits, if you will. Certified teachers with master's degrees teaching in their district for 15 years are still making around $30,000 to $35,000 within their district. To have that amount of education and that amount of experience and be paid that wage, that's not a livable wage.

Arizona is a right-to-work state, which means unions don't have much power to negotiate there. Kentucky, West Virginia, Oklahoma are, too. These are all states with Republican legislatures. And we've seen actions by teachers recently in those states, as well. Do you wish you had a union speaking for you?Would that be an answer?

The reason why I got involved was because of the teacher-led grassroots movement. We have been supported by other organizations. Arizona Education Association, which is our union - our teacher union here in the state - have been supporting us. Do I wish that a union was representing us?I'm glad that they are supporting us.

Why do you think this is happening now in places like Kentucky and West Virginia and Oklahoma and now Arizona?

turn 0 : Certified teachers are not paid enough for their education and experience.

How much are certified teachers with master's degrees making within their district?

Answer: Insufficient


Absolutely. And there is a risk, from the government's point of view, that if they aren't seen to act, then the Bharatiya Janata Party, the BJP, which is a Hindu nationalist party which has been in power before, might appear to be a better option because it is tougher on this sort of subject.

Congress has not really got it together. They don't have a good national leader. And there isn't - the government isn't showing the drive and the command that the people are increasingly wanting.

John Elliott is a writer in Delhi, India. He writes for Fortune magazine, and he also keeps a blog called "Riding the Elephant. "Thank you, John.

Thanks very much.

turn 1 : The government is not providing strong leadership, which is causing dissatisfaction among the people.

What is causing dissatisfaction among the people?

Answer: Government


The regime does blame rebels for escalating this bout of violence. And, as you say, there's a lot at stake here. It's a place that's swollen with civilians. A lot of people who've fled the fighting elsewhere in the country have taken refuge here, and aid workers are saying it would be a catastrophe if a full war took hold here.

Oh, this is amazing. So this is where a lot of people who have fled violence arrived in huge numbers, thinking that this might be their one last safe. . .

Right.

. . . Space. And if there are that many civilians there - like, what do we know about these airstrikes so far?How badly are civilians being hit?

turn 3 : The airstrikes are hitting civilians and causing harm

Which group is being harmed by the airstrikes?

Answer: civilians


Right, and how ironically that they were announced during Small Business Week - (laughter) - on top of everything else.

I didn't know that it was a Small Business Week. Tiffany, what is your best-selling luggage line there?

Right. Well, we - kind of the example I've used is, you know, so if we had a piece of luggage on our store that was at $400 and, you know, has now gone up to $440, but that $400 piece of luggage goes up to $500, then that becomes a really big price jump.

So how are you feeling?

turn 2 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer

Answer: luggage


The way I coped with these disasters was seeing myself as the hero of my own story and thinking oh, okay, in the story, the guy survives. He doesn't kill himself. He doesn't commit himself to a mental hospital. He actually survives and thrives and overcomes these obstacles.

And in addition to that, you've also had kidney problems, and you talk really frankly about just how much strength it took you to do really basic things because you were constantly dealing with your body rebelling against you.

Yeah, I'm going through that right now. I'm on the top of the list for a transplant now, and I don't really want a transplant right now because I'm doing all right. So at this point, I'm kind of bring it on. I'm just, you know, I can take it.

What about the good stuff?There are many good things in your life, and two of them are Eva and Chet(ph), your kids. What are they like?

turn 2 : "bring it on" is an idiomatic expression meaning to welcome or accept a challenge, even if it is difficult.

What is the idiomatic expression used by "A" to describe their attitude towards a transplant?

Answer: Bring


Klay Thompson has made it very, very clear that despite the injury, he wants to stay there and that the Warriors have pretty much said that they're going to reward him as well for playing his guts out. He belongs with that team. The Warriors aren't going to be what they were, but, eventually, when those injuries are clear, they're still going to be a really good team.

Wimbledon begins next week. What are you watching for?

I'm watching for two things, and I'm really looking for Ashleigh Barty. I'm actually watching her in a couple of ways. One, she has the chance to become the first Indigenous player, obviously from Australia, to become world No. 1. She can do that tomorrow if she wins in the final at Birmingham. She can also - when Wimbledon begins, she can become the first Indigenous woman since Evonne Goolagong, also who was No. 1 in 1976.

My favorite player as a youth, yeah.

turn 0 : They are going to reward him for playing as hard as he could despite his injury.

Which player does Ashleigh Barty have the chance to become if she wins in the final at Birmingham?

Answer: WorldNo.1


Thank you.

So what originally did the Consumer Product Safety Commission say was wrong with this stroller?

They were concerned about the front wheel of the stroller. It's a three-wheeled stroller, and they were concerned with the wheel falling off suddenly. It's attached to the stroller with a quick release, the same thing that attaches the wheels on bicycles. And so parents would be out running, jogging with their strollers, their kid in the middle. And the wheel would spontaneously fall off.

So the agency spent months investigating. And in 2017, they decided that Britax should recall the stroller, that it wasn't safe. And they even sued to try and force the company to recall the stroller. Tell us why that didn't happen.

turn 0 : "Thank you" is a polite expression of gratitude. Its meaning is literal and straightforward.

Which expression did PersonA use to express gratitude?

Answer: Thank


A couple of questions: Does a planet have to be like, quote-unquote, "like Earth" for it to be habitable?

Oh absolutely not, absolutely. The biology extremophiles can exist over a wide range of temperatures and salinities and pressures and such. So no, it doesn't have to be like Earth. But that makes it easier for us to imagine that there might be life as we know it.

What's interesting to me, exciting to me, is the prospect of perhaps these stars are very close, are they not?They're. . .

These are some of the closest stars. This one is the 19th closest star to us.

turn 2 : The stars are not actually very close to Earth. The implication is that they are closer to Earth and its Sun than other stars.

Answer: N/A


You know, it's quite clear that it is a cherry-picked narrative. But reading it makes you wonder if that's an insult to cherries.

(Laughter) Which, after all, have many valuable antioxidants. Before it was released, a lot of Democrats said the result of releasing the memo would be catastrophic. Last night and today, many Democrats seem to be saying, is that all you got?Are you kidding?

Well, for some, it's more a dud than a slam dunk. But at the same time, of course, the Democrats want to release their own memo - their critique memo - their response or rebuttal. And that's going to be the big focus when we get back here on Monday.

turn 3 : "Rod Rosenstein - long for his position in the Justice Department?" Implicated meaning: The speaker is using a play on words to express their opinion on Rod Rosenstein's future in the Justice Department. "Long" can mean both "having worked in a position for a long time" and "desiring something strongly." The speaker suggests that Rosenstein may be both reluctant to leave his position and actively seeking to stay in it.

How does the speaker imply Rosenstein's attitude towards his position?

Answer: Reluctant


Here's a trivia question for you and I will let you go. There is a president, a former president, who is also - he's also joining this list of 25 recordings. Can you guess which president it was?

In recent history or past. . . ?

Recent.

Is it Bill Clinton?Because I know he did like. . .

turn 3 : B confirms that the president is a recent one and hints at Bill Clinton being the right answer.

How does PersonB suggest the answer to PersonA's question about the former president joining the list of 25 recordings?

Answer: Hint.


So, you know, Emily, when your sister is in and out of the hospital, and you're bringing her books, you talk about teaching her about emotions. Can you just give an example of what you mean by that?Like, what is a conversation you had to have with your sister?

Well, it mostly happened, like, your emotions are biological events that happen in your body. It's physiological, real. Emotions are not just in your head. They are all over your body, in your chemistry. So she's reading these books, and she sees the word rage on the page and spontaneously bursts into sobs. And she calls me on the phone, and is like, your book here says that feelings are physical.

I was like, you're a choral conductor who expresses emotion through your body. You practice yoga. And she still, sort of, had not put it together that just because you've dealt with the stressors, that doesn't mean that you've dealt with the physical event of the stress in your body.

One of the lessons in your book is about completing the stress cycle. I loved this analogy of yours, this idea of a lion. Explain the concept of completing the stress cycle through the lion, Emily.

turn 2 : Managing stress requires dealing with its physical effects on the body.

How does managing stress involve addressing what type of effects on the body?

Answer: Physical


So if there is somebody out there listening, and I'm sure there are people who are over 70 or over 80, and who have thought, well, I'd like to go back and pick up that extra degree and - but I don't know if it's practical, why would you tell them that it's something that's good to do?

First thing, why would it not be practical?If it's something someone wants and something they had missed all of their lives, and they know as they're getting older that they're getting closer to the end of the line, it is something they want to do before they pass on. You know, you didn't come here to stay and you will perish. So if that's the last thing you wanted to do, then I should do it. But first, I want to remind you that you must have good health, you must have good stamina and the interest has to be there. If the interest is not there, forget about it; you're wasting your time.

And as far as health goes, what's your best advice for how to stay healthy?

First, I would like to say I have never had a headache in my life. I don't take no medications for nothing. All my vital signs are good. You have to pay attention to what you eat, not eat too much fat, watch your salt intake, watch your alcohol intake, stay away from drugs and smoking.

turn 1 : "You didn't come here to stay and you will perish." - This turn is a figurative expression and means that we all have a limited time on earth and will eventually die. It does not have a literal meaning.

Which turn in the dialogue uses a figurative expression to convey the message that we all have limited time on earth?

Answer: Turn1


The problem is 90 percent of space in our military is in the Air Force. So what we're basically going to be doing is taking the current infrastructure - for example, Space Command in Colorado Springs will become the headquarters for the Space Corps. We're talking about taking the people that we need to take that deal with space and segregating them into a culture that appreciates them.

The Air Force has pushed back on this. The Air Force Secretary Heather Wilson said, quote, "the Pentagon is complicated enough. This will make it more complex, add more boxes to the organization chart and cost more money. "Is she wrong?

She's absolutely wrong. The bureaucracy is always going to fight reform - always, especially the Pentagon. They're fighting this because they don't want Congress meddling. You know, what I've told her is, in 16 years, the Air Force has not changed a thing. And they've got us in this situation now where Russia and China have become near peers. They're close to surpassing us. What we're proposing would change that.

I think what some people would say is that we are cooperating with the Russians on the International Space Station. Should space be the new frontier of warfare, or should it actually be a place where, indeed, these cooperations flourish?After all, we are all on one planet.

turn 1 : "add more boxes to the organization chart" - This phrase implies that creating a new branch of the military focused on space would not only make the military more complex, but also increase its bureaucracy by adding more layers of hierarchy and management.

Which aspect of the military reform would increase bureaucracy?

Answer: Hierarchy


Well, we'll have to wait and see. The purpose, obviously, is to send a signal that those members of the armed forces that choose to work with the opposition, if they are under sanctions, will have those sanctions lifted. And those who might be facing sanctions would not face them if they chose to work with the opposition. We're going to have to wait and see how that's received.

How important is the support that this government has received from Cuba, and Russia and maybe other countries, as well?

It's important. On the Cuban side, some of the support has been exaggerated in terms of numbers. But without a doubt, the support they provide in the area of counterintelligence has been critical to. . .

They send intelligence agents to help work the streets of Caracas, or wherever.

turn 0 : It is not yet known how the sanctions will be received

Which signal is meant to be sent through lifting the sanctions for members of the armed forces who choose to work with the opposition?

Answer: Opposition


Times like this, when the economies of states are in default, can states really afford this?

I really don't think they can, and in many, many states, legislatures are starting to agree with that idea and to really rethink their priorities. I mean, every dollar that you spend building and running a prison is a dollar that's not spent on a public university or healthcare or roads and bridges. At this point, Kansas, Texas and at least 11 other states are taking a very serious look at how to try out some new strategies that will curb their prison population, shrink the number of people behind bars so they can save a little money, reduce some recidivism and have money for other budget priorities.

Well, back up and tell us how we got here, because in your article you say in 1970 our prisons held fewer than 200,000 people. What happened?

A number of things happened. But primarily, it's what's called our nation's war on drugs. And I say so-called war on drugs, because, you know, we like to use that metaphor all the time on everything. But essentially a new host of sentencing practices took hold in the early '70s and spread across the country. Mandatory minimum sentences, meaning that the amount of drugs involved in a particular crime would affect the severity of the punishment. So even if you're a low-level drug mule, for example, the amount of drugs you were carrying was going to ensure that you get a very large sentence, perhaps even more than a drug king pin if that person was caught without a lot of drugs.

turn 3 : The war on drugs has resulted in the implementation of harsh sentencing practices.

What is the primary reason for the increase in the number of people in prison since 1970?

Answer: Sentencing-practices


The New York Mets lost 7 to 1 to the Milwaukee Brewers on Wednesday, but the real loser was their mascot, Mr.  Met. Mr.  Met has a huge white baseball of a head dappled with red stitching and embellished with a perpetual grin.

But as he left the playing field Wednesday night, Mr.  Met flipped a middle finger to a group of fans who posted it on Twitter - busted, Mr.  Met. The club apologized, and the team employee in the Mr.  Met costume that night has reportedly not returned. There were reports that fans heckled him, which fans deny.

The Mr.  Mets middle finger controversy poses a physical and philosophical question. Mr.  Met has four fingers on each hand. How can you say that any of them is a middle finger?Anyway, flipping the bird in New York, isn't that just how they say good morning in Queens?

(Singing) Well, everybody's heard about the bird - bird, bird, bird, the bird's the word. Well, bird, bird, bird, bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, bird - the bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, bird, bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, bird - the bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, bird's the word. Well, bird, bird, bird - the bird's the word. Well, bird, bird, bird, bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, bird's the word. Well, don't you know about the bird?Well, everybody knows that the bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, the bird's the word. . .

turn 2 :  the figurative use of the phrase "flipping the bird" and the phrase's implication in New York City, respectively.

What poses a physical and philosophical question about the Mr. Mets middle finger controversy?

Answer: Mr.Met


What do your members want?

Well, they want the right to sit down and negotiate their terms and conditions of employment with the university. And just like any other workers, they have serious concerns about the way they're paid, how much they're paid, what their benefits are and how they resolve problems on the job. So these workers, you know, see an advantage to having the opportunity to sit down as equals at the bargaining table.

It sounds like they want more money and more benefits?

Well, certainly, those are key issues. But they're not the entire set of issues that they have, you know?There have been longstanding problems at the university in, you know, getting paid on time, getting ability to resolve a problem with your supervisor, dealing with issues of sexual harassment.

turn 1 : The workers are looking for more than just monetary benefits and want to ensure they are being treated fairly and have the right to negotiate their terms.

What are the concerns of the workers besides monetary benefits?

Answer: Getting,Resolve,Sexual


What does the president want?Do we know?

That is the question. And it seems to be constantly changing. On Tuesday at the White House meeting, the president told lawmakers essentially, if you come up with a compromise, I'll sign what you send me. And so they did come up with a. . .

Yeah, he said I'll sign it. I'll take the heat. Yeah.

Exactly. And so they thought they had done that. And he rejected it. The White House has never put a particularly fine policy detail on what they want. I think it's fair to say he wants a win. And on this issue, it's tough for him because he needs to be able to bring something back to his base on a key issue in his campaign but also come up with a deal that Democrats can vote for.

turn 3 : Interracial interactions can be negatively impacted by implicit racial biases that individuals may not even be aware they possess, highlighting the importance of awareness and education around these biases to promote understanding and positive interactions.

How can implicit racial biases impact interracial interactions?

Answer: Negatively


The president said Mr.  Bolden, has there ever been a negro on the White House detail protecting and guarding the president of the United States?I said not to my knowledge, Mr.  President. He said, would you like to be the first one?I said yes, sir, Mr.  President.

And he said, I'll be looking forward to seeing you in Washington, D. C. , and that's how I happened to be appointed to the White House detail.

You had that moment, this incredible moment, and then you write very early in the narrative, in the book, about an agent who was not so friendly. You describe him saying I'm going to tell you something, and I don't want you to ever forget it. You're a (censored). You were born a (censored), and when you die, you'll still be a (censored). So act like one.

What did you really face when it came to dealing with your colleagues?

turn 0 : Would you like to be the first one implies that the president already knew there had never been a negro on the White House detail

How did the president imply there had never been a negro on the White House detail?

Answer: Asked`


At some point, it does cross your mind and you do worry about contracting the illness, but there are only fleeting moments. We have to concentrate on the patients here to provide them with appropriate medical care, but also to make sure our outreach program of finding cases, of following up of contacts is performed in a comprehensive manner so that we can bring this outbreak to a close.

I don't want to the leave the conversation with you without asking what can the world do as far as you're concerned?

We need an organization that can provide some leadership across multiple countries in the region of West Africa. To date, we have not seen that occurring. And if we don't find the cases in the community, and we don't do the contact tracing, this outbreak will linger on for months and months. Solving outbreaks is not rocket science. It just requires those features I have described previously. But unfortunately, they're not being applied in an appropriate manner at the moment to reach the world.

Dr.  Gabriel Fitzpatrick of Doctors Without Borders - Medecins Sans Frontieres. Thanks very much for being with us.

turn 1 : (2) The literal meaning of this turn is a simple question, but the implied meaning is that the speaker wants to know what actions can be taken to address the issue being discussed and is seeking guidance or suggestions.

How can the PersonA's request in turn 1 be described?

Answer: Actions


From NPR News, it's Day to Day. Later tonight, I will be hosting dinner at my house with friends I invited, which hopefully will keep the meal mellow because we all tend to see eye to eye on most things.

But not everyone is as lucky. If you find yourself sharing a table today with family or friends who don't share your political views, well, fret not. Slate. com's chief political correspondent John Dickerson has put together some ammunition to help you should the conversation turn to politics. He joins us now from his home in Washington, D. C.  Hi, John.

Hello. Happy Thanksgiving.

And to you as well. John, you have for Slate provided backup to both sides of the argument on a number of topics. Let's start off with the financial crisis. Now, let's say that your Aunt Edna is a Democrat and your cousin Joe is a Republican. What argument can each of them make over the pumpkin pie as to who's to blame for all this mess?

turn 1 : If you have a Thanksgiving dinner with family and friends who disagree with you politically, don't worry because John Dickerson can help with some talking points.

Which holiday is being celebrated in the dialogue?

Answer: Thanksgiving


Tomorrow marks the end of the longest presidential campaign to date. This election looks like it might break all voter turnout records, and plenty of civil and voting rights groups are out there working to make sure you have a place to turn if you're having trouble voting. One of them is the NAACP. In September, Benjamin Jealous became the youngest man to lead the country's oldest and largest civil rights organization. He's got plenty of information about how to protect your vote. Ben, how are you?

I'm doing well.

So you are the head of this storied organization that has had so much to do with African-Americans in voting. You think about where we've been in the past decade with the contested 2000 election. What should people know firstoff about going to the polls and doing it in a way that protects their vote?

You know, there's really two things that I say to folks. You know, first is that you should be prepared, you know. You should really think about the time you need and make sure, you know, if you need to have somebody to watch the kids that you just take care of it. This is one of the most important things that you'll do in the next year, and just be prepared.

turn 0 : to break records means that a previous record was taken away by a new record

Which election is being referred to as the longest presidential campaign in turn 0?

Answer: current


A whistleblower has told Congress that at least 25 people were granted security clearances by the Trump administration after career employees recommended denying those clearances. Those 25 include two current senior White House officials. The whistleblower's name is Tricia Newbold. She's an 18-year career employee who currently works at the Personnel Security Office. That's the office that recommends for or against granting security clearances to members of the administration. She gave these details in private testimony to the House Oversight Committee last month.

Joining me now is a member of that committee, Jamie Raskin, Democrat from Maryland. Welcome.

I'm delighted to be with you.

So Tricia Newbold flags three particular instances involving senior White House officials who are kept anonymous. Can you tell us a little more about these officials who were initially denied security clearances but those decisions were overruled?

turn 3 :  "Flags" does not mean that Tricia Newbold actually used flags to indicate the instances involving senior White House officials. Instead, it implies that she drew attention to these instances or brought them to the committee's notice. This is an example of a figurative or idiomatic use of language where the intended meaning is different from the literal meaning of the words used.

Which word in PersonB's turn 3 implies that Tricia Newbold did not use flags to indicate the instances involving senior White House officials?

Answer: Flags


I think you maybe missed your calling as a cybercriminal, Scott. Criminals are always looking to, what is the formula that makes paying the ransom worth it to the person who I'm attacking?So I'm absolutely certain that you're right that you will see an uptick in at least attempts to do this in other cities.

Cities have computer experts, right?Shouldn't they be avoiding these attacks somehow?

I think it's a pretty sensitive issue. In the case of Baltimore, the mayor came out and publicly blamed the National Security Agency for having lost some exploits several years ago that had resulted in the attack that they sustained. But at the same time, there had been a patch available that the city hadn't put in place.

You know, nationwide, there was an enormous lack of people with cybersecurity skills. City governments aren't known for their enormously high salaries. So I think you'll see the competition at tech firms, at big banks making it very hard for these cities to have enough people in place.

turn 0 : missed your calling  implies not to follow one's talent or gift in destiny

How did PersonA describe the formula that cybercriminals use to make paying the ransom worth it?

Answer: Formula


Well, the justification I think is a good one for nonprofit organizations like Scholarly Societies that really do operate on pretty much a cost recovery model. The commercial ventures, though, that have the profit margins in the 30 and 40 percent range, there really is no justification. They're profit-maximizing businesses, which is fine. The question is, should such businesses be built around information that's vital to the public's good and the public's health?

When these scholars do articles, who gets - do they get any of that money?

They're unpaid. The authors of these articles traditionally contribute the work of writing the articles, the work of reviewing and verifying the information, and they're not paid.

I can see why universities might feel that they were paying too much.

turn 0 : The speaker discusses the justification for nonprofit organizations and questions whether profit-maximizing businesses should be based on important information for the public's good and health. Implied Meaning: The speaker is criticizing profit-maximizing businesses that rely on vital public information, suggesting that there is no valid justification for their high profit margins.

What is the speaker questioning in turn 0?

Answer: Profitability


It probably had more to do with Moore - Roy Moore - and his unique trainload of baggage. But it's still hard not to compare it to what happened back in 2010 when Scott Brown was elected in Massachusetts, taking Teddy Kennedy's seat. And this was at about the same point in President Obama's first term.

That really changed the mood on Capitol Hill. It did not stop the passage of Obamacare, but it signaled a big turnover in Congress in the next elections. And we could be heading into a correction here in the other direction under President Trump.

NPR's Ron Elving. Thanks so much.

Thank you, Scott.

turn 3 :  (4) implies politeness and acknowledgement,  (4) implies that the conversation is continuing.

How did PersonA respond to PersonB's statement?

Answer: Thanked


Yeah, yeah. And then tomorrow, let's focus more on the hammer (tapping piano hammers).

That pounds the strings.

Yeah. And then let's focus more on the keys the day after (playing piano).

He did this while explaining why he is returning to compositions he played as a child. Lang Lang is a concert pianist for whom almost no composition seems too difficult.

Yet his latest album, "Piano Book," features much simpler classics, tunes many adults recall trying to play in piano lessons and that Lang Lang played growing up in China.

turn 4 : "Yet his latest album, 'Piano Book,' features much simpler classics, tunes many adults recall trying to play in piano lessons and that Lang Lang played growing up in China." - The literal meaning of this turn is that Lang Lang's latest album features simpler classical music that many adults tried to play in piano lessons and that Lang Lang played when he was growing up. The actual meaning is that Lang Lang is showcasing his roots and paying tribute to the music that inspired him as a child, rather than just playing difficult pieces to show off his technical skills.

How is Lang Lang's latest album different from his previous ones?

Answer: Simpler


OK. So let me break down - let me ask you to break down what that means. What is the yield curve, and what does it mean when it's inverted?

So the yield curve represents interest rates at different maturities. So usually, it's the case that a longer-term interest rate has a higher rate than a short-term interest rate. So think of a certificate of deposit at your bank. If you lock your money up for five years, you expect to get a higher rate than, let's say, locking it up for six months.

But in certain rare situations, things get backwards, and it turns out that the long-term interest rate is lower than the short-term rate. And that's called an inverted yield curve. That's exactly the situation we've got right now. And it is a harbinger of bad news.

So unemployment is at a 50-year low. The GDP is growing. Does that have an effect on the yield curve?

turn 2 : harbinger it implies to announce or to precede

Which term describes an event that announces or precedes something?

Answer: harbinger


His team had not made the playoff for three years, and his defense was awful. Now, you could say, Mike Shanahan, he's supposed to be good at offense. But as the head coach, it's your responsibility. And also, Mike Shanahan was the GM, the general manager of his team. So he was in charge of picking all the players.

Sometimes, when a coach is both the GM and the coach, an owner will say, we're going to strip you of that GM responsibility, and the coach usually chafes. A famous coach, Bill Parcells, once likened it to, they want me to cook the food, but they won't let me buy the groceries.

Romeo Crennel had about a three-sentence statement about his firing. He was the former coach of the Browns. One of the sentences was this. It says it all. I did not win enough games. So I must move on. That's it.

I wonder if Leo Tolstoy could have written that.

turn 3 : Referring about Leo Tolstoy work reference from Romeo Crennel's statement.

How does PersonB feel about Romeo Crennel's statement?

Answer: Sarcastic


Oh, no. I love grapefruit.

(Laughter).

It's one of the best things in the world.

Seriously?

turn 3 : (4) Seriously? could mean that B is surprised, does not believe, or is challenging A's statement.

What is the possible reason for PersonB's response in turn 1?

Answer: Disbelief


Do the crime, do the time, that's the old line, right?But convicted perpetrators are still afforded basic human rights while serving out their debt to society. The Southern Center for Human Rights recently filed suit on behalf of a group of prisoners in Decatur, Alabama. The presiding judge describes the county jail as, quote, "A Slave Ship. "There, the sheriff is accused of starving his prisoners so he could pocket the profits off a lean kitchen budget. Joining us is Lisa Kung, the executive director of the Southern Center for Human Rights. Hi, Lisa.

Hi, how are you?

I'm good. So this case has just stunned people across the world. I couldn't believe it myself when I read about it. But I understand that there is a Depression-era law on the books that made this kind of profiteering legal. Tell us about the law and the details of the case.

Sure. That's right. Alabama has this arrangement where the state pays $1. 75 a day to the sheriffs - directly to the sheriffs for every person they have in his or her jail. Now, you and I know it's hard enough to come up with three meals a day for $1. 75, and what makes Alabama special is that it allows these sheriffs to take any of the money that they don't spend on food and put it straight into their own pocket.

turn 2 : The law allowed sheriffs to profit from starving prisoners

Answer: profit


OK.

OK.  Palace Council?

Well, the term palace council in the title is left as a semi-mystery to the reader, but I'll give a bit of a clue. It's a clue to the structure of the conspiracy that Eddie and Aurelia spend the book trying to tease out. The conspiracy that I mentioned influenced the highest levels of American government. I kind of like the name, because the idea of a palace council is the advisors behind the throne, rather than the people exercising authority. And that's, of course, how the powerful families in this book see themselves.

Agony?

The term Agony in the novel is the name of a radical, left-underground group in the 1960s that blows things up. I made up the name, but not the idea. Eddie's sister, Junie (ph), disappears early in the novel, then turns up later on as a member of this radical, underground group, and Eddie spends most of the novel really trying to search for his sister. For him the conspiracy isn't central, for him his sister is central. Aurelia, my other protagonist, is trying to track down the conspiracy. Eddie runs into the conspiracy while trying to track down his sister.

turn 4 : Eddie's search for his sister is more important than the conspiracy

How does Eddie prioritize his search for his sister compared to the conspiracy?

Answer: sister


Thank you. I - so each morning in my newsletter, I include the schedules for all of the 2020 presidential candidates. And so I'm kind of, you know, kind of scouring the Web to make sure that I can keep on top of all of them. And on Wednesday night, I stumbled upon a Facebook post from a county party in Iowa announcing that de Blasio would be coming there for the first stop on his presidential announcement tour. And that rings alarm bells since he hadn't announced yet. And so I tweeted out and was able to kind of pre-empt his announcement.

That is a huge scoop. And it's great sleuthing. I mean, it's amazing attention to detail. And you also put out your news on the same day you were taking a four-hour Advanced Placement exam, which is extraordinary. That must have been a lot of work.

It was. It was a big day, for sure.

You have been writing this newsletter since you were 9 years old. I mean, you've clearly been a journalism junkie for a long time.

turn 1 : It was not a scoop but a finding out of information that could be shared with others.

Answer: Scoop


And with a big picture on how Americans are voting on this long awaited day. We've got NPR's senior Washington editor, Ron Elving. Hey, Ron.

Hey, good to be with you, Farai.

Well, Senators Obama and John McCain cast their ballots in their home states today. So what kind of turnout are we seeing?

Big. Now we always say the turnout looks like it's heavy, and usually it turns out not to be so great. So take this with a grain of salt, but the anecdotal indicators are that we are seeing a lot of turnout, and let's remember that we've already had a big turnout election just in terms of how many people came out and voted early. More than we've ever seen before and by leaps and bounds. So when we put it all together, I think that most of the experts do expect that we will have at least 130 million American's votes cast this fall either early or today, and that that will be a new record by about eight million.

turn 0 : Big picture means a vast summary , meaning lots of information at once

Which phrase does PersonA use to indicate that the turnout for voting is expected to be a record-breaking number?

Answer: New


Ms.  C.  VIVIAN STRINGER (Basketball Coach, Rutgers University; Author, "Standing Tall"): I'm fine, Farai. How are you?

I'm doing great. Now in this book, you only really address the Imus controversy at the end because you have had so many different life experiences: coal-miner's daughter, integrated a cheerleading squad. What did you learn from your childhood?

You know, I learned that you have to stand up. You don't make excuses for the things that you don't have. You have to work hard. I try to have shortcuts, but you have to be willing to pay the price. And at the end of the day, you know, whatever happens, you must learn to define yourself and use your own measuring stick rather than that of others. And I thought that my parents were tremendous leaders and taught me how to stand up, and that's what I attempt to do with the young people that I'm working with now.

You really spend a lot of loving moments talking about your father, who sacrificed a lot for your family. He was a musician and took a job so that he could support you guys. What did you learn from him?

turn 2 : Personal responsibility, hard work, and self-acceptance are essential for success.

How are personal responsibility, hard work, and self-acceptance described as important in the dialogue?

Answer: Stand


But I'm sure that there's something else that you want to share with us. You have your poems about California, poems about the blues.

I've got one. The once called "Who I Am in Twilight. "And it's a poem that is actually emblazoned on the sidewalk. And it's set in stone, as it were, on something called "Poetry Walk" in Berkeley, California. They put down on sidewalk, Addison Street, about a hundred poets', I think, work. So it's fun to go over there and see how posterity works, because always somebody has dropped some pizza on it, mashed out a cigarette on it, or something like that.

So don't live for posterity, live for now. But here it is. "Who I am in Twilight. "

Like John Lee Hooker, like Lightnin' Hopkins, like the blues himself. The Trickster Sonnet, hoedown, the tango, the cante jondo. Like blessed spirituals and ragas, custom-made. Like sagas. Like stories. Like slick, slow, sly, soliloquies sliding into dramas. Like crime and punishment. Like death and birth. Canal Street, New Orleans. Like the easy, erasable, troubled voices a whirling ceiling fan makes in deep summer nights in hot, un-heavenly hotels. Oklahoma, Arkansas, Tennessee. Like the Mississippi River so deep and wide, you couldn't get a letter to the other side. Like Grand Canyon. Like Yosemite National Park. Like beans and cornbread. Like rest and recreation. Like love and like. I know we last. I know our bleeding stops.

turn 2 : It's important to live in the moment rather than for posterity.

Which word emphasizes the importance of enjoying the present moment in turn 2?

Answer: Posterity


As I don't have to tell you, because you helped negotiate the Paris Agreement, the United States pulled out more than a couple of years ago.

Well, actually, the United States can legally not pull out until November of next year. We, of course, certainly expect them to do so.

Be that as it may, what can be accomplished - how much does U. S.  withdrawal hurt?

Well, you know, the fact is that what you call a U. S.  withdrawal I call a national government withdrawal. I call it a White House withdrawal. It does not represent 100% of the U. S.  economy. Sixty percent of the U. S.  economy represented by many corporations, by many states and certainly by many financial institutions continue to decarbonize because they understand it is for their own good. It is for the strength of their economy and for commercial profitability in the case of corporations. The fact is that if the United States, as a central government, wants to leave the climate agreement and not continue the policies and the incentives for decarbonization, they're shooting themselves in the foot because other countries such as China, certainly, and perhaps even India are taking advantage of that vacuum and moving in.

turn 3 : The United States is hurting themselves by their own actions. China and India are taking advantage of the Paris Agreement and the large amount of people that are working to save the planet from climate change.

What countries are taking advantage of the Paris Agreement?

Answer: China


But in those years these kids were acting, and only acting, and just acting. And they did have school, and lot of them had tutors, and do have, you know, a decent amount of education, but they don't have the kind of education that you get in a school, the kind of specialized education - they have a specialized education rather than a general one.

So I think that a lot of them don't really know what to do. And so it's hard to blame them for wanting to seize on this. I didn't want to do that. I didn't want to be a former child actor for the rest of my life, although in some ways I suppose I am. I am going to be that.

And all I can do is, you know, embrace it for what it was. I did have some wonderful experiences. Learn from the things that weren't so great and just try to get on from there.

We're talking with Mara Wilson, the recovering child actor, she describes herself, known for "Matilda," "Mrs.  Doubtfire" and "Miracle on 34th Street" - now a writer in New York. You're listening to TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News.

And yes, child actors are in a separate category but so are baseball players and ballet artists and violinists. There are all kinds of kids who specialize in certain things, become prodigies at it and later in life have to go on - well, there's this sort of career death.

turn 2 : All they can do is accept what happened to them before.

What is the recovering child actor's current profession?

Answer: Writer


You may have seen it. The photo has been everywhere on social media - a gunman, this week outside a federal courthouse in Dallas. It's one of those pictures that makes you wonder just how the photographer got it. The gunman appears to be only a few feet away from the camera, a military-style rifle in his hand. He's decked out in tactical gear, wearing a face mask with a hole for his eyes, and those eyes appear to be looking right into the camera.

Soon after the photo was taken, the gunman was shot dead by law enforcement. No one else was seriously injured. To hear the story of the photo, I spoke to the person who took it, Tom Fox of The Dallas Morning News. He told me about the moment he first heard the shooter.

There was about three quick shots. And at the time, it sounded like backfire.

Like of a car or something, you mean.

turn 0 : This statement from B implies that he was doubting how possible it was for the Photographer to have taken the shot while it appeared that he was so close to the Gunman.

How was PersonB reacting to the proximity of the gunman in the photo?

Answer: Doubting


The parallels between the two men were extraordinary, and, of course, I didn't know that when I started researching the story. But every step of the way, there was something else that was a mirror image. They both pursued lofty goals in childhood. They both suffered love and loss as young men. They both lost their wives and were left with infant daughters at very young ages. They both embraced public service, and they both emerged as leaders. And the thing is that in another more enlightened time, they could've held the other's job.

It is also interesting. We mentioned Frederick Douglass, obviously the first generation of African-American leaders in this country. He met with President Lincoln, was - discussed the race issue several times during the Civil War with him, and it is Booker T.  Washington who sort of picks up the mantle, along with W.  E.  B. Du Bois.

They did. But it was interesting to me that Booker T.  Washington and Du Bois came from completely different positions. Slavery was not a concept to Booker T.  Washington. He lived it. Whereas Du Bois grew up in Massachusetts and had a - was born free and had a completely different experience. It was really Booker T.  Washington's mission to lead his people out of slavery. He was actually called the Negro Moses, and it was Du Bois' mission to lead them into the 20th century. If they had been able to work together in concert, I think that what they would've achieved would've been remarkable.

Yet they had tensions, well, I think, that continue to this day.

turn 0 : This statement implies that both men pursued a career in politics and held leadership positions, but not that they held the same political position or leadership role.

What is one thing that the two men in the dialogue have in common?

Answer: Leadership


And, you know, I actually - I stumbled across an obituary from the New York Times for a Rough Rider, not even one of the famous Rough Riders. But it was from the '30s, and it went through his career. And it struck me that, you know, if here's a guy who's not even that famous, but he's significant enough that 40 - almost 40 years later, he gets an obituary in the New York Times. So what does that say about how famous and how significant these people were at the time?And what is that significance?So that really struck for me that match of thinking, OK, now I need to find the answer.

Well, were they hugely famous when the United States organized an army and invaded Cuba in 1898?

Absolutely. You know, there was this moment in 1898 where I think - and this is the significance of the war - is that it changed how America thinks about its military and about its role in the world. And it gave a positive spin to the idea that American can have a military and should go out into the world to intervene, to bring freedom.

And for a lot of people, even at the time - and editorialists wrote about this. They said the Rough Riders are emblematic of that new America, of this idea that we have this power and we have this - the strength and these values at home. And now we're going to arm them and take them out into the world. And to me, that resonates throughout the 20th century. Time after time, we do that same sort of thing.

turn 2 : The war in 1898 changed America's view of military intervention.

Which war changed America's view on military intervention?

Answer: 1898


Right. You have this really shocking statistic in your article where you say that personal consumption amounts to 70 percent of the American economy.

Yeah, that's right. Basically, we are the engine of our own economy. And for far too long apparently, we've just been swiping our Visa cards willy nilly and pumping up this economy. The worry is that when we stop doing that, which is what's happening, our economy is going to sag.

So you went out to see if it was sagging. You went to the Mall of America. What did you find?

The most ambitious mall in the United States, the mall that is doing the most to put you in the fugue state that allows you to spend. They're up against it at the Mall of America. What I found was a lot of people who weren't shopping all that much and a lot of people that were counting their pennies in a way that they never had before.

turn 1 : We are the reason that there is an economy. We've been buying things with our Visa cards without a care. When we stop doing that the economy is going to go down.

How much does personal consumption amount to in the American economy?

Answer: 70


It's been extremely stressful, from anxiety to depression to panic, fear, anger. It's been a full palette of emotions. And I've paid my bills through the month of January. I applied for unemployment. I applied for many, many jobs, everything under the sun, from biotech lab work to retail to a fishing boat. I applied for at least 25 jobs.

The effect was building up on you, I guess.

Right, and just scrambling, panicking. What am I going to do?How am I going to pay my rent February 1?

Yeah, sounds like you enjoy your work.

turn 0 : full palette of emotions means that there were many different emotions being felt

How would you describe the range of emotions PersonA has experienced?

Answer: Many


Well, there's a big argument in the United States about this. There's one group of folks who think that engagement policy failed. We engaged with China from 1979 until about 2013 when Xi Jinping came into power. And the idea of engagement was that coevolution was in the American interest as well as in China's interest. And you could bring China along to be a responsible player to some degree.

Many hardliners in the United States government - and outside and including in the expert community - now claim that engagement was a sucker's game and that we have raised up a tiger which could now devour us. But there are different schools of thought about this, and many of us think that we still need to engage with China, albeit more strategically.

That image of raising a tiger that will devour us is very dramatic. Is that what we're talking about here?I mean, like, one or the other will triumph?

I don't think so. I'm actually borrowing from a Chinese phrase - (speaking Chinese) - you don't want to raise up a baby tiger because it grows up. But again, there are people like Steve Bannon and the Committee for the Present Danger: China, which now claim that China is an existential threat to the United States. And they're also claiming that the United States cannot coexist with the Chinese Communist Party, despite the fact that we've been doing so at least since 1949.

turn 3 : There are some groups who see China as a threat, but not everyone agrees with this assessment.

Answer: Threat


I wouldn't say a list of specific charges but some general charges. So the one that is the most specific is the claim that in 1996 she went on a spy mission to China to Guangxi province and, you know, spied for the FBI. And, I mean, there's a number of issues with that. I mean, one of them is that I have all kinds of evidence that Sandy did not go to China in 1996. I have the evidence of her passport. I have the evidence of her paystubs.

I mean, she was a full-time employee of the Houston Police Department as a secretary, a clerk typist, when she allegedly was doing the spy work. The paystubs show that she'd taken 11 hours off during the time in question. I've also got a newspaper article that she appeared in. So, I mean, we have a fair amount of evidence that shows that she was not in China in 1996.

Why would the Chinese government be interested in putting your wife in prison if there wasn't something that made them suspicious?

So this is not the police that investigate regular crimes. This is the, you know, China Ministry of State Security. This is a bunch of spies. They don't trust anybody. And in point of fact, I mean, they look at people involved in nonprofit work like my wife with a great deal of suspicion. And the fact of the matter is the state security has sent a number of people to the U. S.  to spy, and the FBI has been catching these people. And I am sure that the Ministry of State Security is just not very happy about that.

turn 2 : In turn (3), the implied meaning is that the Chinese government has some reasons to suspect Sandy and may be looking for some evidence that would justify putting her in prison.

Which government agency does PersonA mention in turn 3?

Answer: FBI


But the important part for the corals is that these things are wonderful eating machines. They move slowly across the reef. They actually invert their stomach onto the corals and dissolve the coral tissue, you know, digesting it as they go. And they leave (technical difficulties) white behind them as they move forward.

So they're like little bulldozers.

Yeah, it's sort of like bulldozers. It's almost more like having a wave of people with flamethrowers going through the brush. You know, the coral physically is left behind, but it's all dead.

Do they have any natural enemies that might, you know, come out and eat them?

turn 1 : They are not literally bulldozers, but they move like them.

Which machine do the corals view as wonderful eating machines?

Answer: bulldozer


So in 1996, there was something called the Dickey Amendment. And that resulted in federal funding being taken away for gun violence research. Even after Newtown and after President Obama had issued the executive order for the CDC to be able to study the cause of gun violence, there's still been a lot of hesitation to do that. You know, gun violence is responsible for about as many deaths as sepsis is. But funding for gun violence research is equivalent to 0. 7 percent of the funding that's allocated for sepsis. When you think about this in the big picture, we have such a public health crisis that we're dealing with yet not enough research and evidence that's being put into the system to figure out how we can develop solutions that are going to really make a difference.

You've actually experienced this from the other end. You were shot when you were 17. Tell me what happened.

After a high school football game one evening, I was nearly killed after being shot in the throat with a 38-caliber bullet. A lot of 17-year-olds don't appreciate the fact that they're mortal, don't realize, you know, kind of the importance of their family and other aspects like that. And when that injury happened to me, it really changed my life. It inspired me to want to be able to give other people the same second chance that I was given.

Dr.  Joseph Sakran is the director of Emergency General Surgery at Johns Hopkins Hospital. Thank you so much.

turn 0 : Gun violence is a major public health crisis but there is not enough funding for research to develop solutions

How much funding is allocated for gun violence research compared to sepsis?

Answer: 0.7


That is the wildest story.

Ah, this is just wonderful drama, and the fact that now he lands on Broadway?Oh, come on. I mean, this is probably going to carry us through December. You know, just hope he doesn't get hurt, then all of a sudden it's. . .

(Singing) Da, da, da, da. . .

You know?

turn 1 : The story is not wild but interesting or exciting.

What is the tone of PersonA's response to PersonB's statement?

Answer: Excited


I think Napoleon hated him partly because he didn't like the fact that this 6-foot-plus, incredibly dashing and physically brilliant general was such a contrast to him in every way. Napoleon, the brilliant strategist. So Napoleon didn't like being showed up. Also, he didn't like being confronted. He hated that and Dumas was really somebody who couldn't stop from speaking his mind.

And in 1798, Napoleon leads what they call the Expedition to Egypt, which is the French invasion of the Egypt. And he confronted Napoleon and said, essentially, I think this is an unjust and ill-considered, crazy venture. We're losing thousands of men to disease and what are we trying to do?Bring an empire to the Middle East?that's not why I joined the Revolution. I joined the Revolution to bring liberty, equality and fraternity to people.

And that confrontation, which was a public confrontation, was something that Napoleon could never forgive.

How did General Dumas wind up in prison?

Which invasion did Napoleon lead in 1798?

Answer: Egypt


That's absolutely - and people are outraged at the written bylines. They just haven't taken that conversation from the words to the images.

You have cited a bombshell report in the Columbia Journalism Review by Kristen Chick. It documents assault, harassment, allegations against prominent men in the field. And you, I gather, were not surprised.

We all knew this. We all know how bad it's been. I've been in this industry for almost two decades. I've been paid less by men, overlooked on assignments that have been given to men. I've been groped and intimidated in the field and in the workplace by men. But I have been lucky for the most part. Kristen interviewed 50 women over five months, named two prominent photographers but, more importantly, detailed an industry that is rampant with physical, emotional, mental discrimination that is preventing women from being behind the camera, that is causing women to leave the industry but also that is signaling to women, this is the cost of business. This is what you have to accept if you want to do this job.

I want to drill down on one of the photojournalism agencies involved in these allegations. That's VII. It's an incredibly prominent agency, influential in the field. Can you remind us of what those allegations are about?

turn 1 : Not a shell of a bomb, but a very surprising bit of information that shocks people.

What does the report in the Columbia Journalism Review detail?

Answer: Assault


I loved her tuna fish sandwiches, her spaghetti and meatballs. . .

Yeah, the tuna fish sandwiches, you write, she put pickle juice in them, you know, just gave it something a little bit different.

And to stretch it out as well, and that's the way I make it. My daughter loves it. That was my first experience of food, but I have great memories of the stuff I love that she made.

turn 3 :  B: "The big character though in this book, overarching, I think, everything, at least in the beginning, is a - is South Boston, Southie. It seems to be a fundamental part of who you are. Tell us about Southie."  The literal meaning of B's words is that the setting of the book is South Boston, and that this is an important part of the story. However, the implied meaning is that the setting is more than just a location, but rather a character in its own right, with its own personality and influence on the other characters.

How can South Boston be described in the book?

Answer: Character


Yeah, yeah. Hopefully, you know?So whereas in America, you know, you sort of smoothed the edges and you've just put, you know, you've put makeup on. That's what you've done. We're still in the very, you know, you still see all of our imperfections. Whereas in America you try to put a lot of makeup, but the imperfections are still there. And I find that that's the most interesting thing for me.

The changes that we've seen in South Africa over those 17 years are little short of phenomenal.

Yes. It's been amazing. It was a bloodless revolution, you know, because the difference has been - in America, black people have been fighting for their freedom and for their identity and so on, but as a minority. In South Africa, you had a white majority rule, ruling over — I mean, this is Africa. This is the home of black. It was the black factory. So I mean this is, you know, it was a very different story and never before has there been a bloodless revolution in Africa.

Is there much of a tradition of comedy in South Africa, particularly tweaking the powers that be?You don't think of John Vorster. . .

turn 3 : The speaker is asking about the tradition of political comedy in South Africa and whether there is a history of satirizing those in power. Implicated meaning: The speaker is curious about the role of comedy in South African politics and whether it has been used as a tool for dissent.

How does the speaker inquire about the role of political comedy in South Africa?

Answer: Comedy


Yeah. We need to start thinking about them now, and people are thinking about it. There's researchers now who are working on thinking about stuff like how do you find a person who's DNA is really robust against radiation damage because of course radiation damage is a huge concern in space travel and in living on other worlds. And right now there are researchers who have gotten a little funding from NASA and a little funding from other sources to look at how does DNA repair itself after radiation damage and is there a variation between people. Are there some people who might be better suited for space travel or are there some sets of genes that make people better at dealing with that?

Well, Annalee, thank you for giving us optimism today about wiping out the - most of the people or life on Earth. Annalee Newitz is author of "Scatter, Adapt, and Remember: How Humans Will Survive a Mass Extinction. "Thank you very much, Annalee, for coming on this show.

Thank you for having me.

You're welcome.

turn 1 : The implied meaning is that the demise of all people on earth is not a reason to be optimistic.

Which feeling did Annalee give the audience about wiping out most of the people on Earth?

Answer: optimism


Well, in a way, it was easy to not think about it, let's put it that way. After all, you know, the community had been tremendously traumatized by all this, so we were not in a mental situation to examine it or to think about it that much. I mean, people had to survive. But over the long haul, I do feel that because we had been subjected to something that was so totally outside of our control, one had to really internalize a lot of the, well, gee. You know, why did they do this to us?

And in my particular case, my parents decided that they no longer wanted to stay in this country, you know?So they signed up for what they called a repatriation. My father was not a citizen, so he had decided to go back to Japan. And for me, this was unthinkable. I just could not imagine leaving the home, the country that I knew. I'm very alienated from my parents for a while over this situation. We did not go to Japan, but that's something that will always haunt me because I was blaming my parents for something that was imposed on them, really.

What made you decide that you wanted to protest now at Fort Sill?

Well, some of us just thought, because of our particular history, that we had, you know, the moral authority to go in and say, well, you've done it to us, so don't repeat history.

turn 0 : The long haul is a length of time where the issue had to be dealt with.

Which phrase describes the mental state of the community after the traumatic event?

Answer: Tremendously


Mr.  Jones…

Yes?

…when you think about the issues of justice and in - for so long, we as African-Americans have and many of us have debated what does justice mean in this life, what does justice mean in the next life, do you think that there is racial justice?Do you think that there will be racial justice on this Earth?

Yes, I do. I believe that we are at a profound transition point. Martin King would say today, there's no way we can make the transition to the 21st century unless we leave the baggage of slavery and racism behind.

And I think to talk about current events, I think that he would both be disappointed and appalled in what's going on in the political discourse. He would be disappointed because when the Senator Obama is criticized in the speech he gave in Philadelphia, Martin would say, well, hold on, America seems to be deeply afflicted by amnesia about how it cheated these African-American people over the past 20th century.

But I think he'd applaud the fact that Senator Obama did what should have been done earlier and needs to be done. You see what Senator Obama did, he walked into the national living room of America and acknowledged and then talked to the 800-pound gorilla of race relations that everybody knew was sitting in there for the 20th century.

turn 3 : The speaker believes that the country needs to move past the legacy of slavery and racism to make progress. The reference to Martin Luther King Jr. suggests that the speaker believes in King's philosophy of non-violent protest and advocacy for civil rights.

How would the speaker describe Martin Luther King Jr.'s philosophy?

Answer: Non-violent


Hi, how are you doing?

How do you do that?

Well, you know, it turns out there are lots of little corners in all the information we see. I mean, we're used to the idea that somehow everything we type in the computer is very exact. You don't type in the right password, the computer gets upset. If you don't type in the right URL, it gets upset.

But it turns out that there's lots of little wiggle room that we don't even realize is there, and that's what steganography uses. We kind of go in, and we exploit things. You can make a color just a little bit more blue, or you can make it a little bit more red. And then if you do that enough times, you can send a signal, and then the computer can piece it all together into a complex message.

turn 2 : they are trying to imply that when typing wrong password the computer won't work

Which aspect of steganography is being discussed in the dialogue?

Answer: Aspects


Yeah, gosh.

And so I got up and ran. And it wasn't too far. But I just - at that moment, I thought, I don't want to be shot in the back, and I need to find some cover. And there's really no place to hide. But there are these. . .

You found a little, like, alcove that you could duck into.

There was a little alcove, yeah. And I just made myself as small as I could in that little corner.

turn 2 : duck in this context means to avoid something hitting you in the head

What did PersonA do in the little corner?

Answer: Duck


So are you surprised by these numbers?Is there anything in the report we haven't really heard before?

Unfortunately I wish I could say I was surprised. But it's pretty much an extension of what we've known going back for decades now, and that is that our path of tougher sentencing laws and higher rates of incarceration has really continued unabated. And at this point, as this report points out, we stand alone on the global stage with really no other peers in terms of our use of incarceration.

Can you break down the numbers by race?

Well, that's where the numbers are most compelling and most frightening. The one in a hundred number that got most of the attention, one in a hundred Americans are in prison or jail, obscures the underlying trends and the geographical concentration of incarceration, particularly among low-income communities of color. And once you look for young African—American males, as the report points out, black men between the ages of 20 and 34, one in nine of them are in prison or jail on a given day.

turn 2 : The underlying trends and geographical concentration of incarceration disproportionately affect low-income communities of color, particularly young African-American males.

What communities are particularly affected by the underlying trends and geographical concentration of incarceration?

Answer: Low-income


The FBI does criminal investigations better than anybody. But again, at some point in time, if you've got a stovepipe there, where the two agencies aren't talking to each other, either in Washington or on the ground you've got a real problem. And there's not an excuse for it, 13, well, 12 years now after 9/11. You know, this is - supposedly should not be rocket science but somehow it becomes that.

And to solve it, is this executive order or is this something Congress has to get involved with?

Well, this is where, you know, the interagency problem gets to be really challenging because, you know, if you look at the Constitution, every head of agency, you know, if the guy on the ground goes all the way up to his head of agency, they only report to the president. So obviously it's got to be something that the executive authority does, and he has got to delegate that authority if he is not willing to sit there and handle every crisis that comes down the pike. He has got to delegate it to somebody on the ground who can say do this thing. I don't care, you know, I don't want you talking to your agency back home. You're working for me, do it. And. . .

Gary Anderson?

turn 0 : If you've got something keeping two agencies from talking to one another.  This should not be hard to understand and solve.

What is the issue with two agencies not communicating with each other?

Answer: Lack


Being a congressional Democrat from Alabama has been a lonely occupation. Representative Terri Sewell, from the district that includes Selma and parts of Birmingham and Montgomery, was the only Democrat in the state's congressional delegation until this week, when Doug Jones defeated Roy Moore for the U. S.  Senate. Representative Sewell joins us from her district. Representative Sewell, thanks so much for being with us.

Well, thank you so much for having me.

Doug Jones thanked you specifically for helping bring African-American voters to the polls. Do you want to take a victory lap and tell us how you did it?

(Laughter) Well, listen. This was an amazing victory for Alabama. It was a victory, I think, for decency - common decency. And it shows that Alabama was willing to put principle over party. I was very excited that my district overperformed. And I was particularly excited about the African-American turnout. You know, I think that people understood that the stakes were high. This administration has had a negative effect on our community. It's reversing a lot of the Obama-era progress that we've made. And I'm just very pleased that people showed up and showed out.

turn 2 : : The implied meaning of this turn is that Representative Sewell should explain how she encouraged African-American voters to come out and vote for Doug Jones.

Which group of voters does Representative Sewell express excitement about in her response to PersonB's question?

Answer: excited


So having become an overnight success after what 35, 40 years of writing poetry, you've also gotten opportunities. Tell us a little bit about "At War With Ourselves. "

Oh, my goodness. Well. . .

. . . I was sitting in my car one day, and I got a phone call from the University of Maryland. And they were - they are one of the four schools that has been chosen to celebrate the sesquicentennial end of the Civil War. And the call - the caller told me that they had already commissioned the Kronos Quartet to be a part of this celebration and that they also wanted to invite the amazing musician Terence Blanchard and Nikky Finney to be a part of whatever we were going to create to honor the end of the Civil War, and would I be interested in joining this band of beautiful musicians.

And I forgot that the windows were rolled up in the car and I, you know, the temperature went from - I don't know - 90 to 130. And I just raised my hand to the opportunity.

turn 0 : The success came quickly with one book after writing for many years.

Which celebration did the University of Maryland invite the musicians to be a part of?

Answer: Sesquicentennial


You know, that's a very strange thing. It showed that there is real fear of a reaction. And that now that they are two, whether or not people would start drawing a pattern - that was one of the questions that I sort of asked all the Korean leaders up in the Bay area. And once that question was asked, I think that they sort of saw an angle that I might go towards they didn't like and for the most part they either talked about in a very - and again, in a sort of like academic way about how, you know, like we should focus on class instead of race, or we should talk about people without using any sort of, like, cultural terms, or they were just sort of kick me out.

And what has happened to One Goh?

He is now in Napa State Mental Hospital, he - until he is - can be fit to stand trial. He's been declared unfit to stand trial because of his, you know, he's psychiatrically unable to stand trial at this point. And so he's undergoing compulsory medication to try and get him ready.

And Oikos University, what's happened there, there was something of a decertification.

turn 2 : to stand to trial means until they are ready to have a trial

How was One Goh declared unfit to stand trial?

Answer: Psychiatrically


Happens to be benched. What do you make of this?I think Vince's issues I think are quite different from Tarvaris. I think there was a lot of pressure on Vince from the time he came out of Texas to kind of be the black Johnny Unitas, and he's going to - they'll both have an opportunity to sit and watch, and hopefully come back with a vengeance.

One really quick other black quarterback not in the league at the moment, in Atlanta, Michael Vick. Is Matt Ryan, the replacement, making Atlanta Falcon fans forget Michael Vick?

I wouldn't say that. Maybe that first week he did, but there will only be one Michael Vick. Remember, Tony, Michael Vick was the most exciting quarterback in the NFL, and there's still talk and anticipation of him playing when he gets out.

All right. Let's move on to baseball because we're moving into the time of the year, at least for me, when baseball really becomes interesting. This year we had a couple of blockbuster trades involving Manny Ramirez going from Boston to the Dodgers, and we also had C. C. Sabathia going from the Cleveland Indians to the Milwaukee Brewers, and they turned their respective teams around. So, the question is, are they - should they be considered as MVP candidates even though they've only been there a short time?

turn 0 : Being benched implies temporary substitution and inactiveness,  not being seated in a bench

How does being benched imply inactivity?

Answer: sit


Every president in his or - his - well, I should say his or her. Every president in their first year has an unexpected crisis, whether it's national security, a natural disaster, domestic unrest. This is certainly shaping up to be Donald Trump's unexpected crisis. And I think he realizes that. And the stakes are getting higher, and I think that's why he's lashing out more because I think he realizes what's going on.

It's moved to the capital. As we said Secretary Price has resigned, but at least three more Cabinet members face similar accusations about charter jets. Whatever happened to them, can the Trump administration say they'll drain the swamp when they seem to be flying over it in private jets?

You, know, this reminds me of that line from "The Godfather" about Mr.  Corleone likes his bad news early. Donald Trump is not like bad news. And this was starting to spread to other cabinet members, obviously. And I think the we'll-see when he was asked whether Trump - I mean, whether Price should resign was his way of signaling, yes. And sure enough, Tom Price offered his resignation. And unlike the Session's case, the president accepted it because I think he sees this for the irony that it is of his own cabinet doing what he campaigned exactly against.

Is the Republican Party offering much of a profile of leadership at the moment?- can't get Repeal and Replace passed, the tax code seems - proposal seems fuzzy, federal response seems to certainly be slow if not negligent in Puerto Rico. We could go on.

turn 1 : Donald Trump is becoming increasingly desperate as he realizes the gravity of the situation he's in.

How is Donald Trump feeling about the crisis he's currently facing?

Answer: Desperate


Nuns are also speaking out. We're joined in our studio now by Sister Simone Campbell, who was part of the ministry of the Sisters of Social Service and executive director of NETWORK, a Catholic social justice group. Sister Simone, thanks so much for being with us.

Great to be with you.

I have to ask - how do you feel this week about the church to which you've devoted your life?

Well, I have to say over the last few weeks, it's been really shocking and horrifying, and I have felt myself close to weeping at times. This week, I took a little solace in the letter from Pope Francis to the world saying - acknowledging the extent of the horror that has existed and a commitment to change. And I take heart in these remarks in Ireland as his very first statements that it is included because there was a worry he would not include this in his very first statements. So what this says to me is that the Vatican is beginning to get it in all its departments that this is not just those concerned with clergy, but the whole church needs to be changed. And I think that's what we're beginning to see.

turn 3 : The Vatican is beginning to take action to change the church

Which department of the Vatican is starting to take action for church reform?

Answer: Departments


You know, it's quite clear that it is a cherry-picked narrative. But reading it makes you wonder if that's an insult to cherries.

(Laughter) Which, after all, have many valuable antioxidants. Before it was released, a lot of Democrats said the result of releasing the memo would be catastrophic. Last night and today, many Democrats seem to be saying, is that all you got?Are you kidding?

Well, for some, it's more a dud than a slam dunk. But at the same time, of course, the Democrats want to release their own memo - their critique memo - their response or rebuttal. And that's going to be the big focus when we get back here on Monday.

Rod Rosenstein - long for his position in the Justice Department?

turn 2 : "Well, for some, it's more a dud than a slam dunk.But at the same time, of course, the Democrats want to release their own memo - their critique memo - their response or rebuttal.And that's going to be the big focus when we get back here on Monday." Implicated meaning: The speaker is commenting on the mixed reactions to an event or situation. They suggest that while some people may view it as a failure ("a dud"), others may see it as a success ("a slam dunk"). The speaker also mentions the Democrats' plan to release their own memo, which they believe will be the main topic of discussion in the future.

Answer: Release


Didn't Elon Musk know all this before he sent out that memorable tweet on August 7?

Well, a lot of people think he should have. Let's go back to that August 7 when he sent out that tweet and said I'm considering taking the company private, funding secured at $420 a share. And analysts immediately were very dubious that Musk could pull this off. Where would he get the 10 billions of dollars to take the company private?Did he really have the funding secured as he claimed?And that is something that the Securities and Exchange Commission is investigating, according to multiple reports. And Musk said at the time - or Musk said that two-thirds of the investors would stick with Tesla if it went private, but he really had no way of knowing that.

And why did he want to take the company private in any case?

Well, he's always chafed at the demands of Wall Street - the quarterly earnings reports, the pesky questions from analysts. He famously called one analyst's question boring and boneheaded on an earnings call earlier this year. But perhaps even more than all this, Musk. . .

turn 3 : Musk wants to take Tesla private to avoid the demands of Wall Street

What was the reason behind Musk's desire to take Tesla private?

Answer: Avoid


That will not happen. The Senate will not seat Roland Burris tomorrow, barring some major change of heart on the part of the Senate Democratic leaders. They feel that, as they had said back in December, that anyone appointed by Rod Blagojevich, who was, of course, accused of holding a kind of auction for this Senate seat to the highest bidder, anyone appointed by that governor would not be acceptable to them.

And they haven't changed their minds even though they have said repeatedly they have no objection to Roland Burris in particular to take that job. So one assumes that they will stand by that tomorrow and that Burris's appointment, that is to say his seating, will be delayed probably for a matter of several weeks.

Very briefly, Ron, the latest in the impeachment proceedings against Illinois Governor Rod Blagojevich, where do they stand?

State House committee on impeachment today reviewing a 54-page document reviewing all the accusations against Rod Blagojevich. We expect them to vote on impeachment this week, probably Friday.

turn 0 : The Senate Democratic leaders will not approve Roland Burris as a senator because he was appointed by Rod Blagojevich, who was accused of selling the Senate seat to the highest bidder.

How was Roland Burris appointed to the Senate seat?

Answer: appointed


Stocks in two major computer chip companies - Qualcomm and Broadcom, two major ones - were down 6% today. Google dropped 2%. And this was after Google said it would stop supporting Android devices for phones made by Huawei because the company was on the Commerce Department's blacklist. Google is a major software provider for Huawei. And if these restrictions went on for months, Google could take a beating.

Correct me if I'm wrong here, Jackie, but didn't the U. S.  back off last year in a somewhat similar way shortly after blacklisting another Chinese telecom company?

That's right. It was a company called ZTE, and they were on the blacklist. And it went on for a while. And they were on the verge of bankruptcy. And this is a major Chinese corporation - almost went bust until the Trump administration reversed that decision and allowed U. S.  companies to supply it again. So it's the same sort of scenario. But, Mary Louise, the Trump administration has been tightening the screws on Huawei for months now in part because it has links to the Chinese government.

And U. S.  intelligence agencies believe Huawei could use its equipment to spy on the U. S.  and its allies. The administration asked Canada to arrest and extradite one of Huawei's senior officials. And administration officials have been fanning out across the world asking allies, pressuring allies not to use Huawei equipment. So up until now, it's been a full-court press by the administration to contain the company.

turn 0 : The drop in stocks of major computer chip companies is related to Google's decision to stop supporting Huawei.

Which Chinese telecom company was blacklisted by the U.S. and almost went bankrupt before the Trump administration reversed the decision?

Answer: ZTE


Thank you. I - so each morning in my newsletter, I include the schedules for all of the 2020 presidential candidates. And so I'm kind of, you know, kind of scouring the Web to make sure that I can keep on top of all of them. And on Wednesday night, I stumbled upon a Facebook post from a county party in Iowa announcing that de Blasio would be coming there for the first stop on his presidential announcement tour. And that rings alarm bells since he hadn't announced yet. And so I tweeted out and was able to kind of pre-empt his announcement.

That is a huge scoop. And it's great sleuthing. I mean, it's amazing attention to detail. And you also put out your news on the same day you were taking a four-hour Advanced Placement exam, which is extraordinary. That must have been a lot of work.

It was. It was a big day, for sure.

You have been writing this newsletter since you were 9 years old. I mean, you've clearly been a journalism junkie for a long time.

turn 1 : It was not a scoop but a finding out of information that could be shared with others.

How would you describe the nature of the information?

Answer: Information


Of, you know, as climate change or renewable energy, things like that. The choice is not even offered on the sheet of things that you - that is on your radar screen.

Yeah. Well, this is actually a really important point, is that when you look at - and I'll just come back to media coverage as an example. You know, for most people, this is an issue that's invisible. I mean, you can look out your window right this moment, and there's CO2 pouring out of tailpipes, out of smokestacks, out of buildings, but you can't see it, and likewise you can't see the impacts unless you know where to look. In fact, the only way most Americans even know about this issue is because of what they've learned about it in the media. They're not reading the peer-reviewed literature. They don't know scientists personally. They're learning about it through the media. And when the media doesn't report this issue, it's literally out of sight and out of mind.

Mm-hmm. Is there a difference between the national poll you conducted and registered voters?Do they have different opinions about it?

No. In fact, that's exactly what we did in this study, is that we asked people, are you registered to vote?And we only looked at those Democrats, Republicans and independents who are registered because, obviously, those are the people who will actually walk into the voting booth.

turn 1 : A's turn: The implied meaning is that media coverage plays a significant role in shaping public perception and awareness of issues like climate change. Despite the visible impacts of CO2 emissions, many people remain unaware of the severity of the issue until they learn about it through media outlets. If the media fails to report on climate change, it can become an "out of sight, out of mind" issue for many people.

Which issue does media coverage play a significant role in shaping public perception and awareness of?

Answer: Climate-change


I'd say first, over all, we have had a measure of success in reducing nuclear proliferation over the years. And so North Korea and Iran are really exceptions to what has been a successful policy. Not simply by the United States, but by the international community. I mean, we can't do this alone. We depend on international cooperation.

North Korea is an exception because it is so difficult to deal with. They have used their nuclear weapons not so much from the standpoint of making military threats, but as an instrument of extortion, to get economic concessions for what in fact is an impoverished country.

Now that leads me to my next question. We're coming down toward the close. And it's this. White-collar terrorism, is that an example of what you just described, of white-collar terrorism, extorting, using the threat to extort money?

It does have that concept to it, because it does fall in the camp - in the realm of extortion, rather than military strategy. Quickly, with regard to Iran, there is a very difficult issue, because in fact Iran's quest to be a major power, including the possession of nuclear weapons, really precedes the current administration in Iran, and is likely to be a long-term quest that isn't going to be very, very, difficult to stop.

turn 1 : instrument implies a strategy and not an equipment

What does the term "instrument" imply in this context?

Answer: Strategy