So things like Hillary Clinton's speeches - the Goldman Sachs speeches - I think those do pass the public interest test. Even given the importance of those few newsworthy items, if you ask me, is the dumping of this much private information and this much internal conversation - the damage this does to our political system - is it worth a few news items if I had a binary choice - all of it or none of it?

I would say we haven't gained that much. But the ideal wouldn't be that binary choice. The ideal would be that such leaks and hacks would go to responsible journalists who would go through this and would identify what is actually in the public interest.

But these - this day and age - wouldn't people say the news organization is concealing information - that they want the chance to look at the original documents and decide for themselves?

I think, in this day and age, we really need to figure out when to hold back. In the past, news was driven by scarcity. There wasn't enough news. And you sent around journalists. And you said, let's find out what's going on.

turn 2 : The implication of this turn is that people want to be able to look at the original documents and decide for themselves what is relevant and important, instead of relying on a news organization to make that determination.

What would people say news organizations are concealing?

Answer: Information


We're coming over the initial shock. It's a very strange situation to live in one of the wealthiest countries in the world. And we have been living in more luxury than almost any other nation on this planet, and now all of a sudden we find ourselves almost like beggars.

You talk about the swift difference between being so wealthy to now being in a totally different place. Is this what everyone - is the average person going through something like this?Or is this just a select few that went from being so wealthy to so not wealthy?

The general public here has been very, very well off. But now people that are starting to lose their jobs - hundreds of people that used to work in the banks have been losing their jobs recently. We know that a lot of companies are going to become bankrupt. We had almost no unemployment in the past years. We've been importing workers from Eastern Europe because we didn't have enough people to work in our companies.

So, how are people coping with this?Are they selling off their belongings?What are they doing?

turn 2 : Many people are losing their jobs and companies are going bankrupt.

Answer: Treasury


Yeah. Everyone agrees that our prescription drug costs are too high - both right and left - you know, Democrat, Republican. It's one of the few points of information, points of fact that everyone agrees on. The problem is everyone disagrees on how best to tackle that. And there are a lot of forces that are resisting any change at all.

The bipartisan solution which Senator Klobuchar and Senator John McCain have proposed is allowing prescription drug imports from other countries, so we allow for a global competition in the sense of, you know, if everyone else is getting a better deal than us, why can't we buy our prescription drugs from there the same way we buy our, you know, refrigerators and cars?

Elisabeth Rosenthal, editor-in-chief of Kaiser Health News and author of "An American Sickness: How Health Care Became Big Business And How You Can Take It Back. "Thanks so much for being with us.

Thanks for having me.

turn 0 : A implies that while both political parties agrees that prescription drug costs are too high, they cannot find a common ground on how to address the issue.

Which solution is proposed by Senators Klobuchar and John McCain to allow global competition for prescription drugs?

Answer: Imports


(Laughter) I'm not sure if that's a compliment, Steve. But thanks.

I don't know. If it means tough, if it means on top of things, it is you, Melissa. Own it.

Well, gosh. Thanks.

She's in Lyon, France. This is NPR News.

turn 1 : B encourages Melissa to take pride in being tough and on top of things

What does PersonB suggest Melissa to own?

Answer: It


Yeah, of course. What really sealed the deal for me was when I had to pay $11. 25 to report each individual score to colleges on my list. And, of course, I believe, you know, there has to be a lot of money that goes into proctors, the readers for the essays, all that stuff. To just send scores?It doesn't cost $11 per score.

Of course, the College Board's a not-for-profit corporation.

Yeah. I mean, they pull in about $750 million-plus a year. In the last three years, there's been about a $60 million profit on average, and that's just insane.

Well, let me follow up on another part of your argument, Mr.  Tonelli. Do you think the costs of the tests deter students from applying to more than one college?And does it perhaps discourage poorer families?

turn 2 : (3) A says that the College Board pulls in about $750 million-plus a year and has made an average profit of $60 million over the last three years, and that this is just insane. The actual meaning here is that the high revenue and profits generated by the College Board, a non-profit organization, are viewed as excessive and unreasonable by some people, particularly given the high costs that students and families must pay to take College Board tests.

Which organization's revenue and profits are viewed as excessive and unreasonable by some people?

Answer: College-Board


But you say there is a glimmer of hope in that if we do collectively work together, some of these problems can be fixed. What are some of the most important changes you would like to see in terms of public policy?

We have to stop the rollback of EPA policies. Under the Obama administration and earlier administrations, we were starting to make real progress. When the current administration took office, there were only four chlor-alkali plants left. The others had been closed. These spew a great deal of mercury into the atmosphere. They were slated to close. But the EPA under Trump decided not to close these plants. A few days ago, the EPA under Trump decided to stop surprise inspections, which is going to, of course, diminish their effectiveness. So we're rolling back the progress that we had made.

Then we have to re-evaluate the way we test chemicals. In the European Union, you have to test a chemical that's going to be used in or near humans for its effect on human health before you can market it. In this country, we market the chemicals and only began testing after complaints that people have been harmed. And one of the things corporations tend to say is that it's so expensive to do these tests. There are things more important than money. Right now, 23 million IQ points are lost every year in children from exposure to lead. And how do you put a price on that?

That's Harriet Washington, author of the new book "A Terrible Thing To Waste: Environmental Racism And Its Assault On The American Mind. "

turn 0 : a glimmer of hope means that there is a small amount of hope left

How many chlor-alkali plants were left when the current administration took office?

Answer: Four


Well, what keeps you up at night?What do you worry about?

Well, I'm worried that this process is getting chaotic. Two and a half years ago, Great Britain had a referendum, decided to leave the European Union. But it did not decide what kind of future relationship it wanted with the 27 member states.

And because this was all about free trade, you have to know that half of the trade of Great Britain is with the other 27 EU member states, and the other half is with other countries in the world, foremost among them, the U. S.  and China. We're one year and four months into the negotiation process. And here, finally, is the proposal of Great Britain - what future relations should be. That's a bit late in the process. This particular proposal should have been there on day one.

Now, at the moment, there are 3 million EU citizens living in Great Britain, and about 1. 2 million British live in EU countries. Their rights are undefined, so it's not clear what they can do. And as you get closer to the deadline, these people are really worried. And by the way, there are industries in which there are quite a few foreigners, so if you take them out all at once, you may also have a problem keeping it going.

In the Netherlands, we know we have 30,000 businesses, mostly small and medium enterprises, that export only to EU countries, Great Britain included. That means that they've never seen a Customs and Excise control officer. They will have to get used to go through Customs and Excise.

turn 2 : Great Britain's proposal for future relations with the EU came late in the negotiation process

Which proposal came late in the negotiation process?

Answer: Future


We're talking about huge issues here like, you know, what's the difference between the generations, between the Vietnam war generation and the younger generation?What's the role of African Americans in leadership in society?Is there a glass ceiling for women to break through?These are huge societal issues and they're being represented by these larger than life candidates.

Speaking of archetypes and demographics when it came to the primary season, how did Senator McCain stack up not just against Senator Obama, but also Senator Clinton?

Yeah, absolutely. The best way to see the primary campaign, you know, the first five months of this year is really too see it as a three-way race rather than a two-way race. And basically the major contest was between the young, attractive, good-speaking oratorical black man and the experienced glass-ceiling breaking woman, and the wily grizzled vets came in, sort of had a third place role there, but nevertheless got some coverage. If you rank - once ranked the number of minutes that they got, Obama got most of the - Rodham Clinton got second, and McCain got about half as much as Obama got.

All right. Just very briefly, what do you see ahead in terms of the parity or lack thereof for Obama and McCain?

turn 1 : Senator McCain's demographic characteristics were compared to Senator Obama and Senator Clinton.

Which candidates were compared to Senator McCain?

Answer: Obama


I could live there. But, you know, as things stand now, it's difficult for me to live there because, you know, in Cape Town - Cape Town is a cosmopolitan city now. I mean, it has been cosmopolitan city for many, many years. Mogadishu has stopped being a cosmopolitan city. It was a cosmopolitan city many years ago - one of the most celebrated cosmopolitan cities. I can imagine living in Somalia, but it has - Somalia has to change. I have changed and therefore Somalia must change. And that would be the case if one, there was peace. Two, if I could live anonymously which is not possible all the time, but it could be. And then if there are book shops and cultural, you know, stuff that one can do and get involved in. There is no such thing now. Civil war dominates everything and one's everyday life in Somalia, which is quite tragic. Well, this is not the life I would like to live.

Nuruddin Farah. His new novel: "Hiding In Plain Sight. "

Thank you so much for being with us.

My pleasure, thank you.

turn 3 : In this context, "My pleasure" is a polite response to thank someone for the opportunity to speak or participate in something, and it does not convey an actual feeling of pleasure. Similarly, "Thank you" in this context is not an expression of gratitude, but rather a polite way to acknowledge the conversation or interaction coming to an end.

How does PersonA respond to PersonB's statement about Nuruddin Farah's new novel?

Answer: Hiding


We have all been growing increasingly frustrated and upset about the direction of this country. Not just about policies, right?We're going to likely disagree. But it has been this bomb that I call it he has exploded within this country along racial lines. We have all been frustrated, and so we found a way to actually do something and say something and push back on this narrative around what we're saying about black and brown people as if this is not our country. No matter where our background is, what he's doing as it relates to immigrants - we felt like it wasn't enough being said, and so coming together, we thought our voices together would make a stronger impact.

Are you concerned at all that people will just dismiss this criticism of President Trump as a partisan attack?

You know, at this point, it doesn't matter. If they want to dismiss it, they can, but they are dismissing the larger point that was being made. He challenged our patriotism. He challenged the citizenship of those four women who are citizens of this country. He consistently challenges that when it comes to people of color. And so at this point, if somebody wants to dismiss it just because they want to see it through the lens of politics, that's a problem. But we elevated the fact that because we served this country and because we love this country, it doesn't mean that we have to sit quietly as we see things going wrong in this country.

Dru Ealons is a political blogger and strategist who served as a senior official at the EPA during the Obama administration.

turn 3 : "Sit quietly" is not about literally sitting down. Here, the implication is they don't want to be quiet, they want to speak out politically to protest against the President.

What is the implication of "sit quietly" in turn 3?

Answer: Protest


These processes are difficult, and the negotiations are hard. But the president, to his credit, has decided that this is something he's going to do. He's taken on probably the toughest foreign policy challenge he could find in the world and has decided to make it his own. Now he has to find a way to ensure that the North Koreans and our negotiators return to the table and can pick up the pieces here and try to find a way forward.

Do you think he's leaving mano-a-mano sensitive diplomacy to the past, and he's willing to let lower levels and - or even the secretary of state - ensure that there is some deal?

Well, you have to remember the Singapore summit in June is nearly seven months behind us right now. And I think that Secretary Pompeo and his special envoy have put in a lot of time and a lot of effort. These negotiations, as I noted, are tough. But they're not only tough because of the issues between North Korea and the United States.

They're also tough because of real differences here in the United States about what we can do and what we can accomplish and how it ties to our larger strategy of nonproliferation, nuclear nonproliferation, in the world - but also how it links to our alliance relationships with South Korea and Japan and emerging relationships with China, not to mention Russia, which is one of North Korea's neighbors.

turn 0 : They are not going to a table and picking up pieces but are actually just resuming conversations and trying to fix problems between them.

What do the North Koreans and negotiators need to do?

Answer: Fix


I assume, Sean, you're not going to have anyone there kind of pulling in the CNN-type touchscreen - pulling up results from various provinces. When might we get a really solid indication of who the next president of Afghanistan will be?

You're right. It is going to take some time here. We should start to get some basic, preliminary results in the coming days. But the actual count won't be completed until April 20. But once that's released, there's going to be several weeks of challenges, and a period where another body evaluates fraud and complaints and challenges from candidates. And May 14th is when the final, certified results of today's vote will actually be released. And most analysts are convinced that there's no chance any of the candidates will get more than 50 percent of the vote today, which means the top two candidates will go to a runoff, probably to be held sometime in June; meaning, we're looking at sometime late summer, early fall, actually, before we know who the next president of Afghanistan's going to be.

NPR's Sean Carberry in Kabul. Thanks so much.

Thank you, Scott.

turn 0 : "pulling in the CNN-type touchscreen" is not meant literally but figuratively. The speaker is referring to someone who can quickly access and display information from different sources, like a touchscreen on a news program.

How is the speaker using the term "CNN-type touchscreen"?

Answer: Figuratively


I think it's really important to say that scientists are really late to the party. Science has been under attack for a long time. And really, what's happened is that scientists are scared to engage with politics. They're worried about looking biased. They're worried about their funding. But really that's been a terrible strategy. It's meant that bad science policy decisions have been made.

But would you be holding this march, do you think, if it were President Hillary Clinton in the White House?

I think there is a catalyst in seeing how intense the attacks are right now. We have to acknowledge that, yes.

Are there specific goals you all are trying to achieve in terms of advancing one policy or another?

turn 0 : late to the party implies that the scientists engaged with the issue after most people

How do scientists feel about engaging with politics?

Answer: Scared


Tell me how you grew up.

Well, my grandparents raised me. When their - they had - they've been foster parents for as long as I can remember. And I was actually the first child other than their own that they actually took care of, and they raised me since I was six months old.

Although my mom lived there as well, she was always - you know, raised me as well, but I lived in their house. I always kept myself around something musical, whether it was being in a play where I played the drunk daughter, or sneaking out to the studio to make a, you know, a demo that never became anything. But you know, it was all a part of what I felt I needed to do beyond, you know, those - that house and beyond church. You know, I was always looking for something to do outside of that - of those four walls.

In this book, you talk about some really rough times you went through. Being held out a window by an abusive boyfriend who threatened to drop you to your death, being beat up, being manipulated. Why do you feel that it was important to put all that in the book?

turn 1 : B was raised by his grandparents who were foster parents, not his biological parents.

What was PersonB's relationship with his biological parents?

Answer: Foster-parents


What a coincidence. Serendipity.

Absolutely. So this is a very festive lab and we asked if they would look into this and they did, several times over, for us. And so we have the results on Video Pick of the Week is originals of our sample size of one - we should be clear - experiment into this.

Right. And you found that if you out enough - spike your eggnog enough, should we. . .

Well, yes. So you can go to our website for the recipe. But after - the key to this, and actually, we'll have - let's have Vince Fischetti, sort of, give us a little background.

turn 0 : The speaker is expressing surprise and amazement at the coincidence.

What is the PersonA's reaction to the coincidence?

Answer: Surprise


That's true. Actually, the crime rate in Norway isn't really that high, so the police helicopter is actually more of a surveillance helicopter. It doesn't really carry people. But there is, as you found out, afterwards, there is a kind of - or should be a kind of co-working between the police and the air force, which didn't. . .

Didn't work, yeah.

. . . as it should (unintelligible). And there are also, on different areas, a lot of other routines that really didn't work as they were set up to be, so there had been a lot of criticism. And I think very much on the political side has changed and will change in the months and years to come because of what happened.

One, final question. In his manifesto, Breivik claimed to be the commander of a group of extremists in Europe. He called them the Knights Templar. Any evidence of that?

turn 3 : (4) - B is implying that Breivik's claims may not be true, even though it is not explicitly stated.

Which claim is PersonB questioning in the dialogue?

Answer: Commander


Right.

. . . in their noses, and that was because it was reflected back to visible light.

Oh, interesting.

But now, we're able to micronize that. And when we do that, we're able to make those molecules smaller, and you can focus just on the UVB and UVA, which is important for sun protection.

turn 3 : A explains the importance of micronizing molecules for sun protection.

What is important to focus on for sun protection?

Answer: Sun


Yeah. That was the scene I went out. Before I did that song, Creed said, man, write a hit. I said, oh, sure, it'll be gold(ph). Because commercialism never really fazed me. I mean, playing songs that - in links that you knew everybody would like. I always wanted to be a true jazz artist, you know that. But Creed said, write a hit, so I wrote "Red Clay. "And all my friends who were jazz musicians, they said, man, you writing that square stuff. So I kind of - but that tune has earned me a living.

That's a great tune.

I mean - and it reminded me of my early childhood when I was back in Indianapolis.

They have red clay in Indiana?

turn 3 : "I wrote 'Red Clay'" implies that the speaker was not initially interested in writing a commercial hit, but ended up doing so at the urging of someone else.

Answer: Red


Are there any good reasons to use this?

There is a separate group here working on storing data in DNA. It turns out that DNA is really robust for long-term storage, whereas, you know, hard drives may die after a few years. You can conceivably store data in DNA for hundreds or thousands of years. And as long as life continues to be based on DNA, we'll always have a reason to read and write DNA. So it's sort of a technology that won't go obsolete.

So, I mean, we underscored the aspect of some kind of mischief or outright miscreants. But I wonder, you know, a few years from now, instead of having hard drives or storage systems, will people just carry around that information in themselves, in their DNA?

I'm not sure that people will carry around that information within them. But I do believe people will start using DNA for sort of long-term storage. So accessing data from DNA and putting data into DNA is a pretty slow process. And so you'll want to, you know, archive photos in there and things like that. But you won't want to use it for your day-to-day tasks, at least not for the foreseeable future.

turn 0 : The question suggests that the use of DNA for data storage might be beneficial.

What does the question from PersonB imply about the potential benefits of using DNPersonA for data storage?

Answer: Benefits


And actually, when I used to go home at about midday to sleep, everyone was in work still, so it was very quiet. So I liked the fact that I was almost like a bat - you know, vampire bat - coming out purely at night and disappearing when the sun came up.

One of the important qualities in baking that you talk about in this book is the importance of touch.

Yeah. Yeah, absolutely. I mean, in this world of health and safety, I remember - there's a lot of, you know, they try and encourage the bakers to wear gloves - rubber gloves when you're kneading bread. I mean, what?

I mean, this is one of the oldest traditions in the world. And to get bakers to wrap up their hands so they can't feel the dough - it's that touch, which you cannot teach - it's something you have to practice, practice, practice and get used to. And once you have that touch, you can make anything because it's all about consistency - baking - whether it's consistency in a sponge, in a great pastry or, indeed, a good bread.

turn 0 : The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker enjoyed the solitude of working at night, as it made them feel like a vampire who only came out when it was dark and disappeared again when the sun rose.

What animal did the speaker compare themselves to when describing their work schedule?

Answer: Vampire


You know, you're helping a lot of people, Mr.  Mayor.

Well, I hope I am. I don't see it, and that's what scares me most of all. We care about everybody. We have to reach out for all of them and try to be successful for them to help them be that support deal for them. It's not a positive day every day, but you have to make it into one.

The mayor of Fulton, Texas, Jimmy Kendrick - thanks so much for being with us, Mr.  Mayor. Good luck to you.

Well, I appreciate it. And just keep us in your prayers. It's always nice to have a prayer given for us.

turn 1 : The mayor is implicitly expressing his fear that he may not be helping as many people as he hopes he is, even though he is trying his best to reach out to them and provide them with the support they need.

How is the mayor feeling about his ability to help people?

Answer: Uncertain


UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN #2: (Reading) That they are endowed by their creator. . .

Those voices were recorded last year on the National Mall. This year, to celebrate the Fourth of July, we're examining the text of the Declaration of Independence, but not the parts you've heard over and over again. The smallest details of phrasing in that declaration were crucial. Many words carried hidden meanings, small proclamations meant to legitimize aspirations for independence and little barbs for the British. It's part of Mark Memmott's job to pay attention to how we use words. He's NPR's supervising senior editor for standards and practices. Welcome, Mark.

Glad to be here.

OK, point us to a word in the Declaration of Independence that we might not have paid that much attention to.

I should say right here that I learned a lot about this this week from Professor Stephen Lucas, University of Wisconsin-Madison. The word is necessary.

turn 1 : B: Those voices were recorded last year on the National Mall. This year, to celebrate the Fourth of July, we're examining the text of the Declaration of Independence, but not the parts you've heard over and over again.

How are we celebrating the Fourth of July this year?

Answer: Examining


I was listening back to some of the pieces that you've done in the past couple of months as we prepare for this broadcast. One of the things that China may have to change is the role of its banks. Banks like to take very few risks if possible, and that means investing in those big state-owned industries that have - well, they may not be spectacular returns anymore, but they are reliable.

Yeah. The banks do extremely well. You and I could sit back and run those banks and be very, very wealthy, though, communist.

The government sets the interest rates and so the banks can make a lot money. And if you're a Chinese person, you can't really get much of your capital out of the country. So where else are you going to put it?

One of the problems with the banks is that they tend to invest in state-owned enterprises. It's kind of part of their job, and it's less risky. But most of the jobs in China are really produced by private enterprise, as they are here in the United States. And it's much harder for them to get capital. So people are, in many ways, feelings that the economy is out of whack in a number ways and that there need to be some serious changes. The government knows this, but there are now very strong vested interests in state-owned enterprises and the banks. And so getting that done is not going to be easy politically.

turn 3 : The government is aware of the issues with state-owned enterprises and banks, but it will be difficult to make changes due to vested interests

How difficult will it be to make changes in China's banking system?

Answer: loan


Well, Mr.  Market feels pretty strongly that he's seen this show before. And. . .

He's counting on something to be worked out at the last minute.

That's right. The real question is, if by Thursday there's no deal, will stock markets still be gaily rising?I think the answer is probably no.

I was struck by a phrase in Chris Arnold's piece about the dollar being the bedrock currency for much of the world. Is that jeopardized?

turn 2 : (3) Will stock markets still be gaily rising? Implied Meaning: Will stock markets still be increasing in value?

Which word describes the trend of the stock markets in turn 2?

Answer: Rising


So, you're skeptical about a car czar. You think that there should be loans, though, with strict provisions attached to them.

Right, right.

What else?What else needs to be done?I mean, this is a massive, massive problem, and two of the three are facing extinction at this point.

Don't forget, what's putting them in this condition is the economic, you know, the economic condition of the nation right now. But the kind of fixed-cost structure that these auto companies have is massive, massive losses that have to do with what's happening to demand.

turn 0 : None of the turns in this conversation have a figurative or non-literal meaning.

How does the economic condition of the nation affect the auto companies?

Answer: Economic


Well, one last question about this because there is speculation that this weather may be due to the loss of ice during the summertime at the polar region. Is there any evidence for that being the trigger?

No, that has a lot of other dramatic effects on our climate, but for stratospheric warming events, what we're looking at are very large systems, such as the one that was off of the northeast coast of Japan. Also it's been correlated to sunspot activity. So that's kind of a factor that doesn't affect the troposphere so much, but it does involve some (unintelligible) content action in the stratosphere. So we're seeing a correlation between a solar activity and then these big, very unstable systems late in the season like we saw off the northeast coast of Japan.

All right, well, people always blame stuff on sunspots, so. . .

That's right, it's hard to prove them wrong.

turn 0 : Trigger implies that it is the cause of what happened in the polar region

How does the loss of ice in the polar region affect stratospheric warming events?

Answer: Dramatic


Interestingly, you get 100,000 dollars worth of insurance. After that, you would either have to move - you would really have to move to a different bank. Now, there may be a provision for pension funds, and that's a little bit different. But by and large, 100,000 dollars, if it's all in the name of the same company, is your limit.

So if you're concerned about that, you might want to spread out your bank holdings a little bit. You might want to put, you know, your payroll in one bank and your savings in another bank, and that would cover - you'd then get 100,000 dollars at each institution.

Here's a question that's similar to one that I asked you in our earlier segment. It comes from Rae Ann Albus Hunt(ph), who wants to know if any bank is safe these days. She's just starting her retirement planning and wants to know where she should invest her money.

Sure. Well, the answer is is that, yeah, you know, by and large, most banks are safe, and I think you really do have to trust the government guarantee.

turn 0 : Having all your money in one bank is risky.

Which turn in the dialogue implies the importance of diversifying bank holdings?

Answer: 1


I think it's a story that can stick with you for many different reasons. If you leave a film, if you put down a book, and there is something that you didn't know before or something that has informed you about the world you live in that you care about but you didn't know before - if you can walk away from any kind of story with that, I think that's the goal of storytelling. I believe this is a film that does that.

And so that's what I love about this film - is it really has moved people. And it's become more, I think, socially important today than it was when we made it. There's been a lot more attention being given to Indigenous and Native American people within our country since we made the film. And there is also this whole epidemic that every day, we're learning more about men in power and sexual assault. And those are what this film is about in a very specific story.

Elizabeth Olson, speaking with us from Atlanta. Thanks so much for being with us.

Thanks for having me.

turn 3 :  The literal meaning of (4) is "Thanks for having me."  The actual meaning is "Thank you for the opportunity."

Which phrase did PersonA use to express gratitude at the end of the conversation?

Answer: Thanks


Has the United States done this before - taken back citizens who have some connection to ISIS fighters?

We know of one previous case. That's of Samantha El Hassani and her four children, who were repatriated to the U. S.  She's now standing trial in Indiana in a federal court, accused of providing material support to terrorism. Although, she's pleading not guilty, saying, you know, her husband dragged her to Syria. The U. S.  has said that they want to take back citizens. And President Trump has even urged in a tweet for other countries to take their citizens back. But it's not a blanket acceptance of people from Syria. The State Department says they're looking at the individuals on a case-by-case basis. And there is the ongoing controversial case of Hoda Muthana. She was born in New Jersey. She's been previously issued with U. S.  passports, but the U. S.  is challenging her citizenship status because her father is Yemeni.

As you point out, this is not just about U. S.  citizens. Tens of thousands of people went to Syria and Iraq to join ISIS. How are other countries handling this with their own citizens?

Well, as you say, it's a huge problem. So we're looking at about 46 other countries who are having to deal with this at the moment. And there's 13,000 women and children in the camps in Syria as well as the men in prisons. Some people have - some countries have taken their citizens back, like Kazakhstan and Sudan. But a lot of countries in Europe are saying, you know, we don't want these people back. The U. K.  has gone as far as stripping some people of citizenship.

turn 3 : The UK government has removed citizenship from some people.

How has the UK government responded to some people who joined ISIS?

Answer: Stripping


And of course we speak this week on a week in which the city of Baltimore has been undergoing a lot of restiveness, including injuries and arrests. What do you make of the fact that you've got Wednesday's ballgame played at Camden Yards, but no audience?

I think that's a shame. Much like how after 9/11 I didn't think they should've called the ballgames off, I thought they should still have baseball being played. I think baseball helps people heal. It changes things. Look at Jackie Robinson, what that did for the civil rights movement. I can speak for my family when they came over from Poland at the turn-of-the-century. They combined with other immigrant kids and they all learned baseball because that was one thing that brought everybody together.

Gary Cieradkowski - his new book, "The League of Outsider Baseball. "Thanks so much for being with us.

Thank you, Scott.

turn 1 : ) A: I think that's a shame.Much like how after 9/11 I didn't think they should've called the ballgames off, I thought they should still have baseball being played.I think baseball helps people heal.It changes things.Look at Jackie Robinson, what that did for the civil rights movement.I can speak for my family when they came over from Poland at the turn-of-the-century.They combined with other immigrant kids and they all learned baseball because that was one thing that brought everybody together. Actual meaning: A is expressing his opinion that playing baseball is important for helping people heal, both from tragedy and from prejudice. He also explains that it has been an integral part of his family's experience of immigration.

What helped bring together immigrant kids in PersonA's family?

Answer: Baseball


I never had an apartment before, so just finally having my own place. And it was magical. It was gorgeous - beautiful tub. I never could use the tub because I was afraid of the roaches.

So unfortunately there's always like pros and cons to that, but it was mine. And I loved it like it was my baby. And I still miss that apartment even though there is bug issues. I miss it.

Well, it made me wonder why there aren't more songs like that in R&B. I mean, R&B is very dominated by relationships - right?- sex, relationships songs. But it does - it did make me wonder, why aren't there more songs about other milestones in R&B?Like, why is that?

Well, first of all, I'm thankful that people love new apartments so much because I always feel like my comfort zone is writing about romance and sex. But I think there's this narrative that the world just wants to hear about simple things and - or just extreme, like, sadness. I've just been broken up with or something like that.

turn 1 : The speaker has emotional attachment to the apartment despite its flaws.

What was the emotional response of the speaker towards the apartment?

Answer: Love.


(Laughter).

I was going to go as Robert Siegel, so that'll be perfect.

Esquire magazine's editor at large A. J. Jacobs. Happy Halloween, A. J.

Thank you. Happy Halloween, Scott.

turn 2 : B is playfully addressing A as A.J. Jacobs, a well-known journalist and author, likely as a joke or as a nod to A's profession.

How did PersonB address PersonA at the Halloween party?

Answer: A.J.


Yeah, yeah.

It's wonderful, first of all.

Thank you.

I've enjoyed it. The very first cut on here is a very intriguing track. It's called "Jailer," and some of the lyrics say, Jailer, I am in chains. You're in chains too. I wear uniforms. You wear uniforms, too. I'm a prisoner. You're a prisoner, too, Mister Jailer. Where did that come from?

turn 3 : The lyrics to the song imply the person working as a guard is in a very similar position to the person who is incarcerated

What is the name of the intriguing track mentioned by B?

Answer: Jailer


So your book looked at air pollution in a number of countries, but we want to talk about a chapter that discusses the development of the Clean Air Act here in America. And you call this a landmark moment for public health. How come?

Well, the Clean Air Act of 1970 was really a revolutionary piece of legislation for its time. And I think in retrospect, it really stands as one of the most consequential laws in modern American history. A couple of congressionally commissioned studies since 1970 have found - literally - that the regulations enacted under the Clean Air Act have saved millions of American lives since that time and trillions of dollars.

So that's an extraordinary impact. It's one that's sometimes invisible to us. We obviously don't know if we haven't had a heart attack, haven't had an asthma attack, haven't lost a loved one because the air was cleaner than it otherwise would have been. But nonetheless, the science demonstrating that that's true is very solid.

You also call this the start of a new era in America's modern history - in what way?

turn 3 : New era doesn't refer to a calendar date here , but rather a change in the mindset of a population

Which term does PersonA use to describe the Clean Air Act's impact that is sometimes invisible to people?

Answer: Trillions


Well, you know, just like I said, be careful what you wish for, because it may come true.

Yeah.

So now, with the explosion in great technology in genetics, we're getting a whole bunch of candidate genes. And then through other genetic studies and comparisons between groups around the world, we can see which ones seem to light up for multiple groups, although it can be different in different populations.

Yeah. There are some - how shall we say - unorthodox treatment ideas, are there not, like infesting patients with worms for treatment?

turn 3 : There are unorthodox treatment ideas, such as infesting patients with worms, which may seem strange but have been found to be effective

How effective are the unorthodox treatment ideas mentioned in turn 3?

Answer: Unorthodox.


I think it is a serious threat. I don't see strong evidence that it has increased as of late. Iran has the ability to act via proxy organizations towards United States troops, diplomats, other assets that might be in the region. It also has the mechanisms to act against our partners and against our allies either directly or through the proxy organizations that it has a relationship with.

And paint me a little bit of a picture of what that map looks like when you describe Iran's proxy organizations in the Middle East.

So Iran's strongest relationship is with Lebanese Hezbollah. That allows them to have a measure of influence both to act in Lebanon, to act towards Israel from Lebanon but increasingly to act in other countries where Iran has essentially deployed Lebanese Hezbollah troops to, including Syria.

It has also been improving its relationship with Houthi rebels in Yemen, though its ability to direct or control the Houthis is still very limited. And it has long-established relationships with Iraqi militias.

Does Iran have control over its proxies?

turn 0 : Iran's proxy organizations pose a serious threat to the US and its allies

Which country's relationship with Lebanese Hezbollah allows them to have a measure of influence both to act in Lebanon, to act towards Israel from Lebanon but increasingly to act in other countries where it has essentially deployed Lebanese Hezbollah troops to, including Syria?

Answer: Iran


Are we talking about resveratrol here?

Well, the resveratrol discovery was about 10 years ago. We, my colleagues and I, made that discovery. But what we've done since then is use that as a - just a stepping stone, a proof of concept to make much more potent synthetic drug-like molecules that are just in the beginnings of human clinical trials. And this paper is about the finding that these molecules from grapes and the synthetics all seem to work through this one particular gene, genetic pathway we call the sirtuin pathway.

Let's back up a little bit and talk about the study you did in mice. What did you find - what did you give the mice, and what did you find there?

Well, originally we found resveratrol just in a test tube, looking for molecules that would turn on this enzyme, this protein that seems to defend against diseases in aging. We then moved to nematode worms and flies. We've done some work with bees even. The mouse study was in 2006.

turn 1 : a stepping stone is not a litereral stone, but is an intermediate step in a process that leads to another.

What did PersonA use as a proof of concept to make more potent synthetic drug-like molecules?

Answer: Modeling


OK.

We're in a tent at the Smithsonian Folklife Festival. So if you hear some extraneous sounds that you wouldn't normally hear in Studio 3A, please forgive us. But it gives us the opportunity to do some things that we wouldn't ordinarily do. We want to hear from comedians today. How do you translate your material, which comes from a certain time and place, to a wider or different cultural or even ethnic group?Give us a call: 800-989-8255. Email us: talk@npr. org.

And Trevor Noah, what did you find translated well?Is there a material that you did in Cape Town that you can do in Los Angeles, or Baltimore for that matter?

Not really, no. Because the points of view changes, you know?I think the one - well, I could talk about Oprah. Oprah is worldwide. Yes.

Oprah is worldwide.

turn 4 : Oprah is worldwide. (This turn has an implied meaning that Oprah's cultural influence and recognition transcends different cultures and settings)

Which talk show host has transcended cultural boundaries according to the implied meaning in the dialogue?

Answer: Talk


Thanks for having me, Scott.

Let me begin with what's being called the tarmac summit. Bill Clinton, Attorney General Lynch happened to be at the Phoenix airport at the same time. And Bill Clinton arranged a private meeting, lasted about half an hour, with the attorney general. Your old colleague, David Axelrod, tweeted, quote, "I take Loretta Lynch and Bill Clinton at their word that their convo in Phoenix didn't touch on probe. But foolish to create such optics. "How helpful was it for Hillary Clinton, who's so widely seen as untrustworthy, to have her spouse meet with the attorney general while she's under investigation by the Justice Department?

I can't imagine there's one person in America, including in the Clinton campaign, who thinks that was helpful (laughter). But I - look, I think if Bill Clinton had to do it over again he probably wouldn't have walked over to the plane, seeing all the follow-up from the last couple days.

Does it raise a question about what you do with Bill Clinton during the campaign because he is, certainly on the one hand, often called the most talented politician of the modern era. On the other hand, you know, he's got a history of mischief.

turn 2 : Implies that Bill Clinton should have known better than to take such an action.

What was David Axelrod's reaction to the meeting between Bill Clinton and Attorney General Lynch?

Answer: Reaction


So is a bagel just a bialy with a hole in the middle?

It's very different, and the origins of the bagel are somewhat mysterious. There's a lot of folklore around it and variable legends about how the bagel came to exist. But I have decided that we will never know.

Well, it's one of the great mysteries of life, think of it that way. What made the bagel leap from being just kind of New York street food, you know, or maybe Sunday brunch food, across the country?

So it was really, I think, the Lenders brothers, and Lender's bagels are what I grew up in. I grew up outside of Detroit, Michigan, and I thought they were the greatest thing ever. Like you would get six of them in a little plastic tube. And now, like when I think, the taste was awful, but they were early adopters of refrigeration technology.

turn 1 : The speaker is implying that there is no definite answer to the origin of the bagel, and they have accepted that.

What is the PersonA's attitude towards the mysterious origins of the bagel?

Answer: Accepting


This is ALL THINGS CONSIDERED from NPR News. I'm Michel Martin. We're starting the program today with Steve Bullock. If the name is not familiar, he hopes it will be soon. He is the governor of Montana. And last week, he joined the 21 other Democrats plus one independent who want to take on President Trump in 2020. And Governor Bullock is with us today in our studios in Washington, D. C.

Welcome. Thank you so much for coming.

It's great to be with you, Michel.

So there's the substance of your message, and then there's the politics. So why don't we take the substance first?What's your elevator pitch to voters?What have you accomplished in Montana that you think you can take nationwide?

turn 0 : "Welcome.Thank you so much for coming." - The actual meaning is the same as the literal meaning. The intended meaning is a genuine welcome and appreciation for the guest's presence.

Which word expresses the intended meaning of 'Welcome' in turn 0?

Answer: Genuine


Then we got a letter yesterday about the discussion we had about multi-racial identities in America. Charles Johnson in Cary, North Carolina gave us this perspective: At some point in talking about racial identity, when do we mention that all people, according to the latest research, we are all Africans, whether you call yourself European, Asian, et cetera. The research shows we all have a common African gene.

And finally, we got a few letters about a segment we did last week called Race and Privilege in an Age of Obama. Paul Gustman(ph) in Miami, Florida wrote us this: Your guest infuriated me by first calling America a place of white supremacy, and then saying that a dialogue was needed between the races. Maybe the gift of Barack Obama is that he avoids the accusatory code words that may feel cathartic to utter, but do nothing to further inter-racial understanding and acceptance.

And that's it for letters. Thanks for writing, and please keep your comments coming.

And here's how you can exercise your right to vote - your vote on what we're doing online, that is. Go to our program page at nprnewsandnotes. org and click on a segment. Then click on the Comments link and give us your thoughts.

turn 0 : Despite our racial differences, we are all genetically African.

What kind of research shows that all people are genetically African?

Answer: Genetic


We'd like to talk about the economy now. With a campaign for the upcoming presidential election already underway, you can expect the state of the economy to get a lot of attention. And one of the tools economists use to predict whether a recession is coming is the yield curve, so we want to tell you what that is and why it matters.

We've called Campbell Harvey for that. He's a professor of finance at the Fuqua School of Business at Duke University, and he was the first to demonstrate that the yield curve can predict a recession. Professor Harvey also says he only considers the indicator definitive if the inverted yield curve lasts for an entire quarter. And, well, the quarter ends today, so here to give us his thoughts about what's to come is professor Campbell Harvey.

Welcome. Thank you so much for joining us.

Great to be on the show.

All right. So let's get the headline, and then we'll work backwards. Are we going into a recession?

turn 1 : "yield curve" - This turn has a figurative meaning, as it refers to the relationship between short-term and long-term interest rates rather than an actual curve.

Which relationship does the term "yield curve" refer to?

Answer: Short-term


When we say those reductions are temporary, we have to remember that they go until at least 2025. So for most of us out there, regular working folks, seven years of tax reductions is a big deal. We can have that fight again in seven years. I'm sure the Democrats will be promoting increasing taxes in seven years. That's what the Democrats always promote. The Democrat plan today was to increase taxes by over a trillion dollars. So we have to remember what our alternative option was with the other party.

But why make it temporary for individuals who might need that tax relief when corporations, who are doing very well, get a permanent. . .

Yeah, you and I are on the same page. I think that's craziness. I don't like temporary tax reductions. I don't like temporary legislative fixes, generally. I want to see permanent legislative fixes. So I am against the fact that they are temporary, but I'd rather have, as a person who pays these taxes, as a middle-income person - I'd rather have seven years of tax reduction than what the Democrats were proposing, which was a trillion dollars in increased taxes.

I'd like to talk about the political ramifications. By and large, polls show this isn't popular, and it pushes through some very substantial changes in the financial lives of Americans. Do you think that there will be a cost come 2018?

turn 0 : "I'm sure the Democrats will be promoting increasing taxes in seven years. That's what the Democrats always promote." - The speaker is using hyperbole and making a generalization that may not be true for all Democrats.

How is the speaker characterizing the Democrats' stance on taxes?

Answer: increasing


As it stands now, it's getting bigger and better, and I am very hopeful that it would stay that way. At the same token, I know that it takes a smart business person to run a successful business. So it's all about how you position yourself. I'm continuously networking, and meeting with people, and developing relationships with some very prominent people. So therefore, business is prospering, and I will continue to do that.

But it would seem to me - and perhaps you can offer some clarification on this point - that there are a lot of people who are in business such as yourself, who are good at what they do, who are conscientious, who are working hard and yet who find themselves, for whatever reasons, not doing and not being as successful as they would like. And there must be something that separates you from them besides, perhaps, your business plan and your enthusiasm. Is that realistic?

That is very realistic. I mean, I think that goes with any position. You have singers, actors, and a lot of them have been in the business for years and have never made it, if you will, because certain people have it and certain people don't. You either have a drive and a knack for really connecting with people and making some things happen for yourself. Or you can be as talented as the next person, but you may never go anywhere with that talent if you don't have the right connections, the right personality and the right know-how.

You said that you've lived near the Obamas in Chicago, in the High Park area, right?

turn 2 : Having the right connections, personality and know-how is essential for success.

What are the three essential things for success according to turn 2?

Answer: Connections


Yeah, it was a - it opens - they - a trade fair and Dismas notes that there are two adjacent booths, each offering a complete crown of thorns for sale.

(Laughter).

He thinks, you know, unfortunate placement there, you know?But these things existed.

turn 3 : (4) "B: And at one point, Dismas is told to translate the Shroud of Turin. Is that 16th century spin?" - The literal meaning suggests that Dismas was asked to translate the Shroud of Turin and B is questioning whether it was an accurate translation.

How is PersonB questioning the accuracy of the translation of the Shroud of Turin?

Answer: Accuracy


Right. Just say en and E and - yeah.

What I think the phrase means is this feeling of glory that as humans who exist there is something marvelous about us, something magical, something stupendous, something exemplary. And I don't mean that in a religious way but perhaps religious adjacent, that we are touched by God, you know, that we have a spark. But also by nature of being on this planet, we are scarred and weathered and corrupted by the world outside of us and the flawed architecture inside of us. And so I like the phrase damaged glory because I think it represents that. And I do believe that we are all worthy of somebody who will love us in all our damaged glory.

Raphael Bob-Waksberg, thanks for speaking with us today.

Well, thank you so much.

turn 1 : The speaker believes that humans are both wonderful and flawed, but still deserving of love

Which word describes the belief that humans are worthy of love despite their flaws?

Answer: Deserving


There is a level of acceptance for some. So one young woman I met joined the all-women's force after being brutalized by her husband, who was part of ISIS. On the other hand, the women who were foreigners and even the real hardcore last holdouts in the fight against ISIS who are in this town of Baghuz, which had basically an apocalyptic end. They ran out of food. They ran out of water.

And what you see now from the women who were part of that is that all of the crimes of ISIS - you know, enslaving girls, raping women, beheading people on the streets, the hangings - that was not enough really to make them lose confidence in the head of ISIS. But the fact that children whose families belong to ISIS starved to death while leaders had food, that is what's making people very disappointed, very disillusioned, especially the women I've talked to.

Are there people who still support the caliphate despite all that they went through?

Absolutely there are. And in fact, one woman from Egypt I met has four daughters. She was talking about how all they want is to go home, to go back to Egypt, to go back to the parks, to go see relatives. And she said to me, you know, I don't believe in Baghdadi. But I still believe in the caliphate.

turn 1 : The crimes committed by ISIS, such as enslaving girls, raping women, and beheading people, did not make the women lose confidence in the head of ISIS, but the fact that children whose families belong to ISIS starved to death while leaders had food did.

What specifically caused the women to lose confidence in the head of ISIS?

Answer: Starvation


A degree, yeah.

Yeah. We're talking Jay Kang about his article that ran in The New York Times magazine this past weekend, "That Other School Shooting. "And you're listening to TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News.

I wanted to ask you about another Korean-American you ran into. An Eagle Scout who, in fact, wanted to build a memorial garden.

Yeah, Kinsa Durst. He was - I think he is 19 now. You know, he's the type of the kid that I think every parent wants to, you know, at some way, their kid to grow up to be. He had sort of the same reaction that I had. And it was interesting to me that, you know, somebody so young who's father was not Korean but his father was Caucasian but living in Korea, I think, for a while, would be so honest about this idea that this reflects violent Koreans because Virginia Tech also happened, which I think is a quote he gave me verbatim.

And instead, you know, instead of sort of - I guess, sort of, wallowing in the shame of it or trying to suppress the connection or even sort of bearing it with post-modern, sort of, academic speak about how we, you know, no one person should represent anybody else. And he went on built a peace garden in front of the school with commemorative stones for the dead. And on - during one of the memorial services that I attended, he gave this talk about how he wanted to help Korean and American relations.

turn 3 : "He had sort of the same reaction that I had" - The literal meaning is that Kinsa Durst had a similar reaction to the speaker. The actual meaning is that Kinsa Durst had a similar reaction to the speaker regarding the Virginia Tech shooting and its connection to Korean Americans.

What did Kinsa Durst think about the connection between Virginia Tech shooting and Korean Americans?

Answer: Connection


In terms of the treatment that you had, briefly tell us about it. What worked?What was it that helped you seemingly perhaps the most?

Well, I'd not like to be pompous and have an ego rush here. I think what happened to me is but for the grace of God, I've been able to move forward. And what has happened for me is I've been given some willingness, the willingness to follow directions, the willingness to own the fact that I have caused some very sincere emotional, physical, and spiritual damage to some other people, and then accept a way in which to address those things at the best of my ability. So, I think that the question seems to ask me, what have I done?And that is absolutely be willing to a different direction than the direction I was traveling in.

So, are you now providing treatment for others?And I don't mean that in a clinical sense, but support, help, understanding, perhaps?

I think, what I've been doing is what was so freely given to me, I've been free to give back to others.

You look happy. You're smiling. You look - you seem healthy. And as you look - this is my final question. As you look back on how you fell into the spiral and then how you spiraled out of it, do you recognize triggers now?

turn 1 : The speaker attributes their recovery to divine intervention and a change in attitude.

Which factor was crucial in the PersonA's recovery?

Answer: Willingness


Well, a firing range is where you find gun owners, and usually very responsible gun owners. And it was important for Gabby and I to reach out to like-minded folks like ourselves. I mean, we're both gun owners and we do it responsibly and try to get their opinions on how this affects them.

Now, you have been to Nevada and to Alaska and today we're speaking to you in New Hampshire. These are states whose senators voted against expanded background checks when the people in their state seem to approve of the idea of background checks. What is your message to those senators?

You know, Gabby and I understand the states of Arizona and Texas and their connection to firearms very well. It's important for us to understand other places, places like Nevada and Alaska, Ohio, North Dakota, here in New Hampshire - Maine also. And we'll go to North Carolina as well. So, it's not so much of sending a message to certain members of the Congress but it's really about reaching out to their constituents, so the next time I speak to those members you have a better sense of what their issues are and the things that they have to deal with.

So, what are you hearing from the like-minded people that you meet, people who like to hunt and shoot and own guns?Are you finding the kind of support you'd hope to find?

turn 1 : Gabby and I wanted to reach out to people who shared our beliefs about gun ownership and responsibility.

How did Gabby and PersonA try to connect with other gun owners?

Answer: Reach


No costume changes, no props.

Did you go into being someone who could be so mutable in part because you had to kind of - you had to have a place to escape, I'm assuming?

You know, I think that's exactly what it was. I remember as a teenager that - you know, I was born in Germany. I lived in Japan 'til I was 10 and then, you know, moved to Iowa, which is where I graduated high school. But you know, just being surrounded by so many different cultures, I just found myself kind of being a sponge. And so, as an extracurricular activity, I ended up, you know, doing standup comedy, you know, telling jokes to my friends. And I think you're right. I think it ended up being an escape into these different characters to be able to make people laugh. And it kind of made, you know, kind of made me laugh on the inside as well, because everything on the outside was really, really hurting.

Can you either give us a snippet of a character, to be in character or show how you transition between characters?

turn 1 : A's ability to adapt to different cultures may have influenced their comedic talent

Which talent was influenced by PersonA's ability to adapt?

Answer: Comedic


He gave him something called Ward's White Drops which didn't do anything. The poor bishop died a few months later, and Dr.  Hunter was the one who performed the autopsy. And he collected the bishop's rectum for whatever reasons and he preserved them in formaldehyde. And when he started his museum, it became one of the main things on exhibit and it's still there.

Hmm. For - yeah, for all of us to take a look at.

Mm-hmm.

What made this an outstanding candidate?Just the story like that, for your. . .

turn 0 : The bishop is rectum became a museum exhibit.

What part of the bishop's body is preserved in formaldehyde and exhibited in the museum?

Answer: Rectum


(Laughter) Absolutely, it does.

All right.

So I mean, I followed up on this trip with sort of other road trips - you know, road trips hitting major cities in the U. S. , road trips hitting major sites in Europe. I've also started using it when you're walking around a city as a tourist and trying to hit all the hotspots there. And also, actually last month, I used a very similar algorithm, strangely enough, to solve the "Where's Waldo" children's book as well.

What do you mean you solved "Where's Waldo?"

turn 3 : Using the algorithm to find Waldo in a Where's Waldo book.

Which book did the speaker use the algorithm to solve?

Answer: Waldo


You're very welcome.

What made you write this letter?

What I've noticed is that the sidelines has become more venomous. When expletives come across, when parents are yelling you're the worst referee ever because of one bad call that was made - this is outrageous behavior. It's unacceptable on every level.

Is there a particularly egregious incident that sticks in your mind that you could relate to us we might learn from?

turn 1 : (2) "What made you write this letter?" - Implied meaning: What inspired you to write this letter?

How is the sidelines behavior described in the letter?

Answer: Venomous


Thank you.

Can you tell us about the operation?What did you see when you got to Madaya?

Well, the humanitarian situation there is really, really dire. Already - I was there last time in September 2016, people were already suffering a lot, for example. It was freezing cold in the town, and people were starting, like, to burn their own furniture or blankets because basically there is no fuel in the city, so they were burning their own belongings in order to to keep a little bit warm. But this time when I went, they even people - they were running out of anything to burn.

And speaking about food, take it into consideration that cooking gas is not available in the town. People were putting the rice or the grains that they have for food in a little bit of water and leaving it under the sun for a couple of hours so it can become a little bit tender to be eaten. This is beyond shocking.

Well, what supplies did you bring them to the people?

turn 3 : People were so desperate for fuel that they were even boiling their food without proper cooking gas.

Which basic necessity was unavailable in Madaya?

Answer: Nothing


Yeah. Mr. Champagne, is it rough to be - well, look, we've done stories in Englewood. What's it like to be a young man in Englewood now, surrounded, as I don't have to tell you, by a lot of crime, a lot of drugs, sirens all night?

Yeah, correct.

People who are, you know, afraid to walk the street. What's it like growing up that way?

Well, it's tough 'cause you got to know when to come outside, when not to come out; when to go to the store, when not to go to the store. You know, cross the street, go left, go right, you know, either way it go, you get, like, A, shot at or, you know, get jumped, get robbed. It's tough.

Yeah. And a program like this, how does it help you see things differently and what you should do differently?

turn 2 :  People who are, you know, afraid to walk the street. Implied meaning: The speaker is not simply describing individuals who have fear while walking on the street, but is implying that there is a pervasive sense of fear and danger in the neighborhood.

Which emotion does the PersonA's statement about growing up in Englewood imply?

Answer: fear


Companies and corporations are in business to make money for themselves, their workers, their stockholders. But can they make too much?Ralph Nader thinks Apple hit that limit earlier this month when it became the first trillion-dollar publicly traded company in the United States. Mr.  Nader wrote a blistering blog post about what Apple is and isn't doing with that money. He joins us now from Connecticut. Mr.  Nader, thanks for being back with us.

You're welcome, Scott.

What's wrong with Apple sitting on all that money?

Well, they just announced earlier this year - a $100 billion stock buyback adding to previous stock buyback without asking the shareholders, institutional and individual, their opinion or even their approval. So the point I was making is it could've been used to increase employees. It could've been used to shore up the pension fund. It could've been used - 2 percent of it, Scott, to double the income of the serf laborers - 1. 3 million Chinese laborers in the contractor that builds the iPhones. It could have had 2 percent of 100 billion to improve the recycling of used computers and phones, which are endangering both the environment and the workers. It could've been put in productive investment. It could've been put in research and development. It could've been sent to cash dividends back to the shareholder, but no.

turn 3 : Apple could have used their money for various productive purposes

How many Chinese laborers could have doubled their income with just 2 percent of Apple's $100 billion?

Answer: 1.3m


Wow. All right. So that's an example of maybe law enforcement intervening just in time so he couldn't get his hands on a gun that would have been used to perhaps kill his colleagues.

That's exactly right.

OK.  How about another case?

Sure. A group of children reported a woman had just threatened to shoot them all and had pointed something that looked like a handgun at them. An officer went to the scene and then interviewed the woman, who said, yes, I did make that threat. Here is the mock handgun. I think it was a paper towel roll wrapped in electrician's tape. Here's what I pointed at them, but, officer, there is a real gun, a revolver, under my living room table. The officer contacted a judge, got an emergency restraining order, took possession of the firearm and took the woman into custody for having made the threats. While in custody, she continued to declare quite explicitly her intent to kill those children.

turn 0 : to get your hands on something is to buy something, or to touch something, in this case the person was getting a gun

What did law enforcement prevent the person from doing in turn 0?

Answer: Getting


Good morning.

Many of us didn't think it would happen but the two delegations finally sat down face to face. Tell us about the dynamics in the negotiating room today and what you're expecting.

What we heard from media sources that the meeting kicked off 15 minutes late. Every detail was negotiated. The delegates enter from different doors. There are no flags in the room but they can wear their flag pins. It's been decided which side of the table they'll sit on, how far apart. And as we heard from the U. N.  negotiator, Lakhdar Brahimi, it's the most inaccessible room within the United Nations compound here in Geneva. The delegations - they won't talk directly to each other. Brahimi will be in the middle and they'll address him. The only thing common to all of them is language. Everybody at the table speaks Arabic. But aside from that, they are very far apart. They're there because both sides were under intense pressure from the U. S.  and Russia not to walk out.

Well, as you said, at least they are in the same room. What are they talking about today?What's the goal?

turn 3 : The literal meaning of "What are they talking about today? What's the goal?" is asking for information about the subject matter and objectives of the negotiations. However, the implied meaning is that the speaker is expressing skepticism about the likelihood of any productive outcome from the negotiations, given the difficult dynamics described in the previous turn. The speaker is implying that the negotiations seem to be more about appearances than substance, and that there may not be a clear goal or path forward.

Which turn implies that the negotiations might not have a clear goal or path forward?

Answer: Turn3


And yes, impeachable.

You say, if it's true, what powers does the House have to try to corroborate this claim?

It does have to be corroborated. We can't impeach a president based on, you know, unnamed people speaking to the press, as credible and numerous as these reports may be. So you know, there is an investigation underway already by three House committees into what President Trump may have done with Ukraine. That is going to absolutely heat up in the next couple of weeks. So all I can say is, stay tuned. Fasten your seatbelts. The stakes here are extremely high.

Let me ask you, congressman. There are a number of Democrats and voters who are saying, you know, where is the party's spine in all of this?This is a president who has been, they say, running roughshod over your legislative authority with total impunity. What do you say to that?

turn 3 : "where is the party's spine" implies, where is the party's courage. "running roughshod" implies ignoring.

Which word describes the Democrats' reaction to Trump's actions according to the statement?

Answer: Courage


Oh, no. There was a rally last week, but it was a - that was a buffoon bus. And it was a - it was a freak show, to be honest with you. I mean, it really was bizarre. I mean, it was a bunch of people from out of town in a bus, you know, yelling and screaming. I mean, it really was not much of anything, but. . .

I just want to interject. They may not share that characterization, but go ahead please, sir.

Yeah, I'm sure they don't, but it's accurate (laughter). But I really had no serious challenge from the left or the right. My re-election prospects looked quite good, actually. Most of my colleagues have multiple opponents. You know, I had just one who announced in the right, and I had one who announced from the left, but neither of whom are particularly viable.

Why leave when, arguably, your voice - it's more important than ever that you be heard?

turn 1 : (2) - This turn implies that the speaker does not agree with the characterization of the rally and is interjecting to remind the other speaker that the participants in the rally may not share the same opinion.

What was the PersonA's response to the rally?

Answer: Disagreement


Well, you could say both. You know, in 2010, the parent company declared bankruptcy. There's significant debt surrounding and hanging over National Enquirer's parent company. But you can't separate this from the scandals. The Washington Post, in its reporting, claims that the hedge fund manager who's sort of controlling owner now of American Media says that he's disgusted by what he's learned. This is not really anything new for the Enquirer, but don't forget the legal trouble the Enquirer has been in. You know, it got dragged into the investigation of Michael Cohen and others. It had to, essentially, negotiate with prosecutors in order to avoid prosecution. And indeed, the Bezos scandal may raise the legal stakes once more.

I mean, we've probably all joked at the grocery store checkout stand, like, looking at the headlines - who would ever buy the National Enquirer?Well, now it's like a more serious question. Who would buy the National Enquirer?

Well, you know, in a straight world, you might say TMZ, the digital gossip site. It's hard to know. It's a damaged brand. It is a notable brand. Somebody may buy it as a plaything, or there's been speculation Jeff Bezos would want to strangle it, buy it and put it out. . .

Wow. That would be. . .

turn 3 : (4) implies surprise that Jeff Bezos would consider buying the National Enquirer.

What is the emotion expressed in turn 3?

Answer: Surprise


'Cause there are a lot of industries now that can point to the fact that they are using fewer people to sometimes produce even greater revenues.

Well, that's what using fewer people will sometimes do. It certainly will - using fewer people will increase the productivity of the people that you are using. And we had been living through an age where we are adapting to a transformative technology - the Internet. I mean, this has enormous effects on the workplace. But, you know, I'm a mere writer. I wouldn't even know how to begin to answer the question you just asked; how much of this is a fundamental shift in the economy and how much of it is a result of the way we've led our financial lives?

Michael Lewis, what should, in your mind, Americans learn from the financial crisis in Europe?

The thing that has interested me the most is the role of the big financial institutions in our economy. I think over the period of the last several decades, they have spun out of control; that they are too big to fail, which means that the normal sort of mechanism of a market economy is not allowed to work in a financial sector. That normal mechanism is creative destruction. It's, you know, someone builds a better one and the old one dies. And I would have thought the big lesson from the period of 2007, 2008 is that we can't really build an economy based on such institutions. It's like building your house on sand.

What was the thing that interested Michael Lewis the most?

Answer: Institutions


So we really need to do research and try to pin that down. Another thing that's critical is - so what is the long-term prospect for our cities and our ports?How much is the sea level going to rise?What are our coast lines going to look like?Well, that depends upon how fast Greenland and parts of the West Antarctic ice sheet melt. That's a big unknown.

There was a piece appearing in the New York Times this week that described new research that basically found even if we curb emissions now, climate change will likely continue until at least the year 3000. Do you feel like there is any solution?Can we ever go back?

We should not think about the fact that we're going to be pristine and back what we were like before the industrial revolution. I think we have to have a different notion. We have used the industrial revolution to get rich. We've improved our quality of life. Now, those very techniques are reducing the quality of life through environmental side effects. Let's try to prevent it from getting a lot worse.

So while we can't stop a few degrees of warming on top of where we already are, we can stop the 10 degrees. My notion is do as much as you can, as fast as you can, as fairly as you can, and as cost effectively as you can, and don't get hung up on the numbers because three degrees is a lot better than six, and 10 degrees is dramatically worse than any other numbers.

turn 0 : pin that down implies to solve the problem or get something done rather than to put a pin on something

What does "pin that down" actually imply?

Answer: Solve


Moving around freely is hard to do in a conflict zone. And trust is hard. One official with Doctors Without Borders says she tried to understand why people were so angry at the Ebola response. And she asked one of her local staff why. And she told her it was because people there in that area have been suffering for so long. Her husband had been killed by militias. Three of her children had died of malaria. And no one - no aid organization, no government - has ever cared.

And now all the aid orgs are here because of Ebola. And people don't trust that they're there to help. They believe that these organizations are there to make money off of the response.

Is there a concern at this point that this outbreak could go beyond Congo?

It's a big concern. The World Health Organization just recently declared this outbreak a public health emergency of international concern. And that means that many more resources are pouring into Congo and neighboring countries. And now it's in Goma. And that presents a whole other challenge. It's the biggest city in eastern Congo. And it's a transit hub along the border with Rwanda. So, you know, there's definitely a worry that it can move from beyond Congo.

turn 0 : to move around in this context means to move from place to place, like moving from one house to another

How does the Doctors Without Borders official describe the reason behind people's anger at the Ebola response?

Answer: Indifference.


Yeah.

I'm also told by White House officials the Secret Service director was not connected to security questions at Mar-a-Lago. It was in the works before the latest security breach there - Chinese woman with a lot of passports and hard drives.

Right.

But - so this is not necessarily directly connected to immigration unlike Nielsen's resignation, which was immigration-related.

turn 1 :  "It was in the works before the latest security breach there - Chinese woman with a lot of passports and hard drives." Implication: The Secret Service director's departure from Mar-a-Lago was planned before the security breach involving a Chinese woman with multiple passports and hard drives.

How was the Secret Service director's departure from Mar-a-Lago planned?

Answer: Planned


And that is a big deal because a census is supposed to be a head count of every person living in the country. That's a constitutional mandate regardless of citizenship or immigration status. And those numbers determine how many congressional seats each state gets, as well as how almost $900 billion a year in federal funding for roads, for schools, how all that money is distributed around the country.

Right, so a lot of financial and political implications if you don't have the correct population number, particularly of certain minorities.

Exactly.

What are the two sides arguing?What's that what's the for and the against?

turn 0 : "That's a constitutional mandate regardless of citizenship or immigration status." (turn A): The literal meaning is that the census is required by the Constitution and applies to everyone living in the country, regardless of their legal status. The implied meaning is that some people might think the census should only count citizens or legal residents, but the speaker is emphasizing that this is not the case.

What is the constitutional mandate for the census?

Answer: Mandate


There's been a lot of death on this mountain over the past couple of years. 2012, six climbers died one day on the summit. In 2013, there was that brawl between some Sherpas and some European climbers. Sixteen people died last year on Everest, and there was the April earthquake. Why would someone want to climb Everest now?

You know, it baffles me, but, you know, this mountain has an inescapable pull for a lot of people. It's been more than four years now since there's been, you know, what would pass for a quiet season on Mount Everest. And each year that I thought that there might be a normal season, it got unimaginably worse, which is just difficult to fathom.

You know, I think that some teams are thinking about going to the North side. Some people are actually, you know, canceling their trips, and people are thinking about other mountains. But for a lot of people, you know, Everest is - it's a mythical kind of place. And for a lot of people, I think it's a lifelong dream that nothing is going to stand between them and the summit.

Grayson Schaffer, Outside Magazine senior editor, speaking with us from Santa Fe. Thanks so much for being with us.

turn 2 : (3) Here, the speaker says "Everest is - it's a mythical kind of place" which means that Everest has a legendary and symbolic significance in people's minds and imaginations. The literal meaning would be that Everest is a place of myth or fiction, which is not true

What is the significance of Everest according to the speaker in turn 2?

Answer: Symbolic


Well, I think the water infrastructure we have in this country is seriously neglected. I mean, all infrastructure acts as a foundation for economic prosperity, but water is especially important. It does live in this different world where it's so intrinsic and folks expect that we're going to have clean, fresh water any time you turn on the tap. But given the fact that it's buried, it's literally underground, it's easy to ignore. And while we have large infrastructure problems in this country, the water infrastructure problems loom particularly large.

So we don't see them, perhaps even can't taste them. It's not until they - well, that just makes it easier for problems to hide in a sense.

Exactly. And some of these systems are, you know, were built 100 years ago. Some of the pipes are made out of wood. Some of them were built in the time when metropolitan areas were expanding and decentralizing. And just - we just need to reinvest in these existing systems. But because we don't do a good job in this country investing in the infrastructure that's already built - we do a good job building new stuff - we don't do a good job taking care of what's on the ground. Things like water infrastructure are seriously neglected.

I don't think any city likes to hear - but you have to spend more money.

turn 3 : Investing in neglected water infrastructure requires a willingness to allocate resources and prioritize maintenance over building new infrastructure, which may be unpopular among some stakeholders.

How does neglected water infrastructure require prioritization?

Answer: Resources


And, of course, this gourmet chef has, as his confidant, food critic, and food taster, his cat named Apollo. So as you can expect, everything goes wrong that day. The question is, can everything be put right?

And we'll leave it with that because, I mean, there's such a lovely surprise at the end that we should let people get to on their own. So Steinbeck - did he write a lot of short stories as well?

He wrote a good number of short stories, but this is one of the few that has some very fine, comic elements to it. When I was reading it, I was thinking to myself, is this John Steinbeck?I mean, nobody's dead; nobody's crying. There was some crying in this story, but a lot of it just was very funny. And he just manages to take a very simple theme and, with great turns of phrase, fantastic prose, turn it into something that - when I read it, I said to myself, this is a little gem. And I was just so, so excited to be reading this.

Yeah, I feel like it was - if someone suggested the topic, no other writer could have made it just shine and come to life in this really cool way.

turn 0 : be put right means that something should be made correct, or something should be corrected

Which animal's name is mentioned as the confidant, food critic, and food taster of the gourmet chef in the story?

Answer: Cat


Do you ever get parents who say, well I don't really like the way you're approaching this, I don't believe that that the way you're approaching this is the best way for my child?Even if they brought their kids or they've had their kids kind of come on a field trip.

We've had very few people who have said that. We have people who have left suggestions of how we can do things better, which we really want. But the focus groups that we conducted with parents before - as we were putting this exhibit together at school sites around the country, it was very clear. They were hungry for us to do something that would allow them to help explain to their children why people look different, what the concept of race is and more importantly, how people of all different backgrounds can get along in the school site.

Give me a very concrete example of something that you have in the exhibit. Describe to us one thing.

We have a wheel, color wheel, and we ask students to find their color on the color wheel. And this is the place where we talk about the history of skin color and why people have different skin color. And it has a lot to do with how humans migrated out of Africa over the, you know, past 20,000, 50,000 years. Anyway, they find themselves, and then they look at ranges of people from around the world who look like them. And it's a big a-ha moment.

turn 1 : The exhibit helps parents teach their kids about diversity

How does the exhibit explain the history of skin color?

Answer: Skin


I have credit, but it was delayed. I've never had trouble getting credit here in Brazil. I've always paid my bills, and so credit's available for me. But this year, the credit promises were made, but then the credit wasn't going to arrive until it was too late to order the fertilizer and actually work out the logistics of receiving it. And so it's changed my plans a lot this year.

And timing is really essential for farmers. So, how is that going to play out there with your 2000 acres of soy?

The 2,000 acres I'm going to plant this year are technically for another farmer. I'm not going to farm anything in my own name this year. And that's common enough, really; I'm not alone in that. Total acreage of corn and soybeans could easily be down this year in Brazil. Most people expect there to be less corn, a lot less cotton, and also less of some of the food crops like rice and edible beans. So, it's caused everyone to plant less than they normally would.

Where do all of those crops grown in Brazil - corn, wheat, and soy - where do they get exported to?

turn 0 : A has had trouble getting credit in Brazil this year despite having a good credit history.

What has changed PersonA's plans this year?

Answer: Credit


We propose three national sales tax holiday periods in 2009. They would be 10-day periods, including two weekends, and they would occur in March, July, and October. During that time period, the federal government would reimburse the states for any sales tax holiday revenue lost because of these holiday periods.

And do you have a sense of how much money this plan could save consumers?

We estimated approximately $175 for the average family.

And as you mentioned, the way that this would work is that the federal government would reimburse states for any losses that they might incur without the taxes during these periods. But could that work?Where's the federal government going to get that money from when they're already handing out to so many other industries?

turn 2 : to have a sense of something means do you understand something

Which word in the dialogue means "to understand something"?

Answer: Sense


You still give, I gather, motivational speeches and make appearances, don't you?

I do.

What do you say?

People do have to fight and fight hard to get through adversity. And I'm certainly one that's been through a lot in the last two or three years. And I sort of have a Ph. D.  on it right now. And - but I am very upbeat, very positive about the future.

I've got to ask you about one of your former assistants. Andre McGee paid for a woman named Katina Powell to bring in paid escorts for potential Louisville recruits and players between 2010 and 2014. You say in the book this was news to you.

Well, it was news to everyone. It was news to these other - the full-time assistant coaches. That being said, they were women that would look like college kids. They were snuck through a side door mostly. They dressed like college girls. Security didn't see anything out of the ordinary.

turn 3 :  "People do have to fight and fight hard to get through adversity. And I'm certainly one that's been through a lot in the last two or three years. And I sort of have a Ph.D. on it right now. And - but I am very upbeat, very positive about the future."  The actual meaning of this turn is different from its literal meaning. The speaker is not talking about an actual Ph.D. degree, but rather a metaphorical degree gained through personal experience.

How would you describe the PersonA's outlook towards the future?

Answer: Positive


And those in dissent, which were Ginsburg, Sotomayor and Elena Kagan, what did they say?

They pointed out that for about 400,000 voters, they would have to make a three-hour round-trip to get the kind of ID that they needed, that the state would except; for example, a Veterans Affairs ID or a four-year college ID. And in the end, wrote Justice Ginsburg for the three. The greatest threat to public confidence in this case is the prospect of enforcing a discriminatory law, one that likely imposes an unconstitutional poll tax and risks denying the right to vote to hundreds of thousands of eligible voters. So that's what they said in the end; that they would have blocked this voter ID law from going into effect.

So an important decision, but an even more important one ahead at some point.

That's exactly right. This is a big deal for this election, a stinging rebuke to the Obama administration, which really had sought to block the Texas law from going into effect. But it doesn't mean they're going to lose ultimately.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using sarcasm or irony to convey a different meaning than what is being explicitly stated.

Which word in the dialogue indicates that the speaker may be using sarcasm or irony to convey a different meaning?

Answer: Implied


Hobbes wrote about the challenges his generation faces in a December article for Highline, which is put out by the Huffington Post. Its headline, "Millennials Are Screwed," caught our attention this week. And we asked Hobbes to explain his pessimistic prediction.

Healthcare, housing and education are more than five times more expensive than they were for our parents. There are fewer steady jobs. Wages have stagnated since the 1970s. I mean, I can go on and on and on. And so its weird that we're constantly talking about how millennials should do this differently, and millennials should do that differently. But we dont talk that much about - hey, the country around us can do some things differently, too.

So you obviously believe that the baby boomers messed up your life?How did they do that?

Well, I've gotten a lot of emails since the article came out from boomers that are saying, we've fallen off the ladder, too. And if you're 55 years old, there's a lot of discrimination for getting back into the workforce. But what we're seeing is that those impacts are concentrated on the young. So I think there's really three paradigm shifts. The first one is work has become much lower quality, basically - that there's fewer decent jobs now. Many of the jobs that are available are contingent work or sort of have been farmed out to contractors. Many fewer jobs provide things like pension, benefits or health care these days.

turn 2 : "messed up" means to cause problems or difficulties, not that something was physically destroyed or ruined.

How did PersonA define the term "messed up"?

Answer: Problems


Yes. The ground has been too wet. Every time we turn around, it seems like we keep getting a rain shower that we don't need. But normally in the planting season, we have a four, five or six-day window of dry weather where we can go out and plant. And then it might rain. And then we'll have another four or five, six-day window. This year, we've only been able to plant on five different days now total.

So how much of your normal crop have you been able to get into the ground?

We're small compared to some of the other growers throughout the state here in Illinois. But we normally have everything in the ground. As of Monday, we only had about 25% or so in the ground tops, actually a little bit less than that.

So what are you going to do?As you said, like, normally, you've had your corn in. And then I guess you'd move onto your beans. What are you going to do?

turn 0 : Despite being in the planting season, rain has prevented planting on most days this year.

How many days have they been able to plant this year?

Answer: Five


Yes. Well, the Mayan mom would then just drop the kid off with the neighbor or the aunt and say, fine. I'm going to spend the day at the beach by myself. No worries (laughter). This actually brings up a second thing about the Mayan parenting style that's really different from us. And that's this idea that the Mayan mom is not stuck in a box.

Not stuck in a box. What does that mean?

So in our culture, there's this idea that the ideal thing for kids is, like, a stay-at-home mom who focuses her attention on the children. That ends up in practice being is that you have Mom stuck in a box, an apartment in the city, a big house in the suburbs. But if you look around the world, this is not how the parent-child relationship evolved at all or how kids have been raised for hundreds of thousands of years. Instead, the kids are raised by a whole slew of people - grandmas, aunts, nosy neighbors. And so what we do is actually really strange and maybe, arguably, one of the most untraditional family forms that has existed.

Wow. So I guess the takeaway for this Mother's Day is. . .

turn 0 : The mom is not confined to doing things one way and staying in one place.

Answer: Unlimited


A few names come to mind when you say Hoosier basketball: Larry Bird, Gene Hackman, who was in a movie, and Bob Knight, about whom they make movies. Bob Knight coached three Indiana University teams to three NCAA championship titles and, a record of which he's equally proud, almost all of his players graduated. Mr.  Knight left Indiana after a controversy involving his treatment of players. He went on to coach at Texas Tech and is now retired from coaching and is a featured commentator for ESPN's college basketball coverage. He has a new book in which he lays out the philosophy of his coaching and how it might apply to life: "The Power of Negative Thinking. "Coach Bob Knight joins us now from the studios of ETV Radio in Columbia, South Carolina. Thanks very much for being with us.

I'm happy to be here.

You say you want to help people take off their rose-colored glasses. What do you mean?

Well, I think that we as a people are always prone to think about, well, tomorrow will be a better day. Well, why will it be a better day?And I think the more that we believe in doing things better, doing the right thing rather than hoping that that's going to happen, let's make it happen. And that's kind of how I looked at coaching in all the years that I coached.

What philosophy did Coach Bob Knight lay out in his new book?

Answer: Coaching


OK, starting with GlobalGrind. Here's the deal Farai, as you know, being in the media, it's becoming more and more niche, and people, especially what you're talking about Internet, you're talking about web communities and defining that niche. Now we're seeing more and more websites pop up where we've had black websites in the past, but GlobalGrind is this one-stop shop.

They claim, or they offer, for news, gossip, humor, entertainment. It's just about everything that users think is important. So the whole site is actually driven by users voting on other content that's happening elsewhere. And so the higher the vote of a specific piece of content, the more relevant it comes up on the GlobalGrind webpage.

Is it fun?

It is fun. It looks very clean. It's sleek. I do like the ownership behind the company, and some of the people driving it, because Navarro is a guy that ran 360HipHop. com, which was very successful that was sold to BET. I've met with their advertising people. I think they really got their handle on - they've made it mobile. They now integrate it with Facebook, which wasn't there before, which I was dinging them on. I was like, when are you guys going to get with mobile applications in a Web 2. 0 space?

All right, Mario. We have to jump in. RushmoreDrive. Give me the skinny.

turn 3 : GlobalGrind is a successful and well-managed company with a strong focus on mobile and social media

Answer: Mobile