{"text":["How quickly would we see a border closing impact the U. S.  auto industry?","Well, really, we would start to see manufacturing facilities impacted almost immediately. Most of the industry follows a just-in-time inventory strategy, which means that the parts that are needed for the vehicle are shipped to the plant as they are needed and on a continual basis. They don't maintain inventory levels at the assembly plant. So we would see a number of factories start to shut down almost immediately because they wouldn't have inventory available to keep going.","Is it possible for you to paint a picture of this for us using a specific car part, for example?","You know, there's a couple interesting ones. One, wire harnesses - these are the wires that are - that go into a vehicle. There's probably miles of these copper wires in a vehicle, very labor-intensive to put these wire harnesses together. The vast majority are made in Mexico that are used in U. S.  manufacturing. And so that's something that would be very important for a vehicle because it goes on early in the process."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A's response has an implied meaning that is different from its literal meaning. While A's response appears to answer B's question about the impact of a border closing on the U.S. auto industry, it also suggests that the industry's reliance on just-in-time inventory strategy makes it vulnerable to supply chain disruptions. This implies that the auto industry needs to have a continuous flow of parts to maintain production, and any disruption to this flow could lead to plant shutdowns.","questions":"What inventory strategy does the U.S. auto industry follow?","answer":"Strategy"}
{"text":["Oh, by all means. I mean, the family in particular has been just, I mean, courageous. I've been at this 50 years now, and sometimes families withdraw, and we understand that. But this family has been a model of participation in all of the rallies, the demonstrations that we've had, and some of the members will be arrested. Therefore, they have sent a message across the city, indeed across the nation, rallying young people because Sean was about 22, 23, rallying young people to this cause.","Now, you and Reverend Sharpton's National Action Network were involved in protests around the shooting death of Amadou Diallo. Civil disobedience played a big role in those protests. What do you think those protests taught you, or what did you learn from them?","Well, you know, we've been doing this across the years. There's nothing new about a civil disobedience. But having 1,200 people arrested in a daily civil disobedience venture is phenomenal. It made an impact upon the police department itself and upon the politics in New York. Giuliani was the mayor at that time.","We hope that we will have a residential law. That is to say that policemen should live where they work. So that would mean you kill where you live. And I suspect that if you're going to kill where you live, you'll be more inclined not to kill, and we hope that there would be an independent civilian complaint review board that would review the behavior of the police."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The family in question has shown exceptional bravery and commitment to activism.","questions":"What has the family shown?","answer":"Bravery"}
{"text":["Can I say [expletive]?","Nope. You sure can't. So we're going to call them useless. Giertz lives on a houseboat in Sweden and has found fame through posting videos of her useless robots online.","The first one that I did with a robot arm is called the Breakfast Machine. And it's basically a robot arm that I programmed to pour cereal and milk into a bowl and then feed it to me with a spoon. But all it does is, like, pour the cereal everywhere.","It throws the packet on the floor and it pours milk everywhere, including over me. And it doesn't actually manage to feed me anything. But it does hand me an empty spoon, so it succeeded in that part at least."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) The robot arm did not actually succeed in feeding the person, despite handing them an empty spoon. The actual meaning is that the robot arm is not very useful or effective.","questions":"How did the robot arm fail to feed the person?","answer":"Pour"}
{"text":["Now, in New York state alone, that's 98 delegates at stake tomorrow for whoever wins by just one vote. That's a big pass to the delegates to get all in one place. And in some other states, if you win in every congressional district, you can take home the lion's share of the delegates from that state.","So, because the Republican rules do wait the winner more heavily and give extra bonus delegates for just winning, whether you win by one vote or whether you win over 50 percent in some cases, that's a big opportunity for John McCain as the national frontrunner to run up a big delegate total tomorrow and really put this out of reach.","All right. Finally, Mike Huckabee. He has a strong following among social conservatives at this point. He's kind of considered and also ran. Is that really accurate?What influence does he have in the race either, you know, in terms of winning or in terms of endorsing?","Well, first, his dream, of course tomorrow, would be to win big in several states in the south, maybe break through in Georgia, Alabama, his own state of Arkansas, Oklahoma possibly. He's competitive in West Virginia, where having conventions, maybe even Tennessee. If he could do that, he could stay in the race as a kind of regional candidate and power broker. Otherwise, the main thing he's doing is he's probably taking votes away from Mitt Romney, which is why Mitt Romney keeps trying to say, shoo, to Mike Huckabee in the game, out of the race if he possibly can."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In turn (3), the speaker asks about Mike Huckabee's influence in the race, both in terms of winning and endorsing. The literal meaning of the turn is a straightforward question. However, the implied meaning is that Mike Huckabee's influence in the race may extend beyond winning or endorsing, as he could potentially serve as a regional candidate and power broker if he performs well in certain states. This suggests that Huckabee's role in the race may be more complex and multifaceted than what the question implies.","questions":"Which candidate could potentially serve as a regional candidate and power broker?","answer":"MikeHuckabee."}
{"text":["Yeah. Everyone agrees that our prescription drug costs are too high - both right and left - you know, Democrat, Republican. It's one of the few points of information, points of fact that everyone agrees on. The problem is everyone disagrees on how best to tackle that. And there are a lot of forces that are resisting any change at all.","The bipartisan solution which Senator Klobuchar and Senator John McCain have proposed is allowing prescription drug imports from other countries, so we allow for a global competition in the sense of, you know, if everyone else is getting a better deal than us, why can't we buy our prescription drugs from there the same way we buy our, you know, refrigerators and cars?","Elisabeth Rosenthal, editor-in-chief of Kaiser Health News and author of \"An American Sickness: How Health Care Became Big Business And How You Can Take It Back. \"Thanks so much for being with us.","Thanks for having me."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A implies that while both political parties agrees that prescription drug costs are too high, they cannot find a common ground on how to address the issue.","questions":"How do both political parties feel about the high cost of prescription drugs?","answer":"Agrees"}
{"text":["Are they willing to let people die over that principle?","Oh, no. No, you don't - but to who - and that's such an interesting - I love that you got right to the college dorm part of the argument, you know - are you going to let people die?No one's going to let people die. You know, there's talk about - oh, my gosh, the Trump budget cuts Meals on Wheels. Meals on Wheels gets 3 percent of its funding, approximately, from government sources. Ninety-seven percent is people want to take care of their neighbors.","I. . .","People are not going to let their neighbors die."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A: \"Oh, no. No, you don't - but to who - and that's such an interesting - I love that you got right to the college dorm part of the argument, you know\" - Here, A is not directly responding to B's question about whether people are willing to let others die over a principle. Instead, A seems to be expressing surprise or disagreement with something else that B said or implied. The literal meaning of A's words does not match their actual meaning, which is more like \"I don't agree with what you just said, but it's interesting that you brought up that aspect of the argument.\"","questions":"Which aspect of the argument did PersonB bring up that PersonA found interesting?","answer":"college"}
{"text":["(Laughter).",". . . And who he, Mr.  Trump, says are helping to rig the election with biased media coverage in any case?","Yeah. Well, yeah. I guess that - I guess we are definitely - us corrupt journalists are definitely the ones who are in the danger zone here. But the real problem here is - let's presume - and all the polls are pointing in this direction - Hillary Clinton wins. You know, we could be having. . .","But - which we don't presume when we cover the news."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : example of a rhetorical question, which is used to make a point rather than to actually seek an answer.","questions":"How is the rhetorical question used in the dialogue?","answer":"Rhetorical"}
{"text":["Well, responses have ranged from one person who said Biden was a great pick to another who said Obama made a terrible decision. But it's interesting, Joe Biden was the top choice of our unscientific online poll. We asked who Obama should pick as his VP, and 40 percent of all respondents chose him. So despite how people feel about Biden, I think a lot of people assumed that Obama would pick him. And Hillary Clinton interestingly was the second choice.","Really?As we get close - well, not closer to the convention, we are at the convention now - have you noticed an increase in the online traffic?Because I know people have really been paying attention. But now that we're here, are they really into it?","They are really into it. And everyone has an opinion. And everyone wants to make their opinion known. And that's just what they're doing.","Now, what are some of the things that we're going to be looking forward to, that our bloggers can look forward to on our website this week as part of our convention coverage?","Well, through npr. org, we have complete convention schedule so people know when to set their TiVos. We also have profiles of all the key Democratic players and we're also going to pose photo feeds from the convention floor. This morning, Michelle Obama was getting ready to make her speech and she was testing out the mics. And so we have some photos of that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Online traffic and opinions are high during the convention.","questions":"Which aspect of the convention is generating a lot of interest online?","answer":"Online"}
{"text":["There were some in the immediate crowd, Scott, who were smiling. But the president chose to make his tour of the damage in a rather affluent area where the damage was not so severe. Elsewhere on the island, these remarks seemed surreal. Plus, there was his rather cavalier comment about Puerto Rico's debt crisis, which is quite severe and which he dismissed and said, well, that's gone. That's gone. That's gone. Well, the next day, the president's budget director had to walk that back and say we shouldn't take that word for word. And all of this gave the impression that the president wasn't taking Puerto Rico as seriously as he did the hurricane disasters in Texas and Florida.","Did he leave a different impression the next day in Las Vegas?","You know, he did, and very much so. Whether it was recompense or whether the Vegas shooting just got to him on another level, one of his most authentic moments, really, of apparent empathy since he took office.","We're getting a tweet from president - from President Trump. Or we're not getting it. But he's tweeted, I called Chuck Schumer yesterday to see if the Dems would do a great health care bill. Obamacare is badly broken, big premiums. Who knows?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The president's attitude towards Puerto Rico and their debt crisis was dismissive and uncaring.","questions":"How would you describe the president's attitude towards Puerto Rico's debt crisis?","answer":"Not"}
{"text":["It's interesting, these papers that you brought with you, or sent to us, about how - these are the tricks that people use, and they can actually test out whether they work or not.","Yeah. These are things that a lot of good cooks probably know, whether they realized they know them or not. But exactly what these things are are a little fuzzy because everybody's a little different. There are some scientists in England and there are other groups, especially in the Netherlands, that have been running tests for years, and they tend to sound kind of bizarre. They'll prepare some food. They'll give it to different people to eat. And later, the people will realize that something else was changing while they were eating it, something in the atmosphere.","Mm-hmm. And they - in one test, they gave people some ice cream that tasted like bacon?","Yeah. This is - Charles Spence is the main scientist. He's at the University of Oxford. He teamed up with one of the famous chefs in England, and they made something which sounds really crazy, bacon and egg ice cream, which I'm told is really pretty good, tastes like bacon and eggs. And they served bacon and egg ice cream to a bunch of people. And they had them do some sort of rating about how bacony does it taste, or how eggy does it taste?And they would play sounds. And whenever they would play the sound of frying bacon, you know, that crackling sound, people would consistently say that the thing tasted a lot more bacony to them. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The sound of frying bacon makes the ice cream taste more like bacon to people","questions":"How does the sound of frying bacon affect the taste of the ice cream?","answer":"Bacony"}
{"text":["And yet we see, at this particular moment in time, isolationism on the rise. We see it in Brexit. We see it here in the United States. Does that make the fight against genocide more difficult?","Oh, I think it absolutely does. There's been a lot of progress in the last 25 years, including the creation of their doctrine that's called Responsibility to Protect, which says that the United Nations has a responsibility to protect the people of a country when their own states fail to do so. What happens if that multilateralism falls apart is that we start to question those powers that do intervene. You start to question their motives in those instances where multilateralism falters.","That's David Simon, director of Yale's Genocide Studies Program. Thank you very much.","Thank you, Lulu."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer","questions":"How was the meaning of turn 2 described?","answer":"different"}
{"text":["Yeah. So Texas Governor Greg Abbott, in a press conference, announced the number of casualties in today's shooting here in El Paso. That number is 20 total casualties with 26 others injured. Authorities say the victims range in all age groups. The governor called this one of the deadliest days in Texas.","And what more do we know about the person who was taken into custody?","You know, from the authorities, we don't know much more beyond this was a white 20-year-old - 21-year-old male who was apprehended without incident by the El Paso police at an intersection just behind the Walmart. The state police is taking the lead on this investigation. But at today's press conference, the El Paso police chief say that they believe that this incident may be connected to a hate crime.","And why did they say that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : to be connected to something in this context means something happened because of something else","questions":"How was the incident in El Paso described by the governor?","answer":"Deadliest"}
{"text":["We got a few letters about the interview you did with Rick Warren this week. Celine Welch(ph) in Fort Worth, Texas, wrote into say she was a fan of the show, but not of the interview you did with the influential pastor.","Celine wrote, you began by asking him about rumors that McCain may have heard the first part of the show. Regardless of what he said, there was no way for Warren to know what was happening with McCain while Warren was on stage. What you should have asked was, why did you tell the audience at the beginning of the forum that McCain was in a cone of silence when in fact he was in a motorcade on the way to the church. That's something Warren needs to account for.","Then Thomas Tenhave(ph) in Philidelphia, Pennsylvania, had a different take on the interview. But he still thought we missed some topics. Farai Chideya did an excellent job interviewing Rick Warren, however, as with most of the media, it rarely hones in on misstatements. Ms.  Chideya failed to ask Mr.  Warren why social justice concerns were such a low priority, that they weren't raised because he ran out of time. Really?Once again, social justice takes a back seat to abortion, foreign affairs, and gay marriage. So much for Mr.  Warren's attempts to separate himself from the Christian right.","This month we're doing a series on addiction. Listener Anise Rice(ph) wrote in to say. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The interviewer should have asked about the misleading information provided by Mr. Warren about McCain's whereabouts.","questions":"How did Celine Welch feel about the interview with Rick Warren?","answer":"Disappointed"}
{"text":["Are Jews in Germany already hiding external markers of religion?","Yes, they have for quite some time. Jews in Germany who wear yarmulkes often wear baseball caps to hide their yarmulkes because there is a feeling of unease. There aren't incidents all the time. And yet, one doesn't want to court that sort of danger. That said, of course, there's a great wish that this doesn't have to be, that one can wear a yarmulke openly. And here on the streets of Berlin, generally, it is no problem. But no one wants to be the person where it is a problem.","Right.","And even - it's not just wearing kippahs. It's also speaking Hebrew, it's wearing Magen David Jewish star necklaces. Any outward sign can be a problem."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Jews in Germany are hiding their religious symbols due to safety concerns","questions":"How are Jews in Germany reacting to safety concerns regarding their religious symbols?","answer":"hiding"}
{"text":["It's my pleasure, Scott. Thank you for having me.","Is the ACLU a fig leaf for Nazis?","No, sir. We are the premier defenders of freedom of speech and racial justice and the rights of all people in the U. S.  For almost a hundred years, our mission has been to defend the rights of everyone, even people we hate. And ultimately, this is about making sure the government never has the authority or the ability to censor speech because it finds it loathsome or disgusting. There are ways for government to regulate speech. It's got to be neutral. There are time, place, manner restrictions that are perfectly appropriate and legitimate. And yet, it can never be because we don't like what folks say.","What about when the marchers are armed, though?Doesn't that make a difference to public safety?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The prevalence of sexual harassment allegations could lead to substantial change in the composition of Congress and the Senate over the next two election cycles.","questions":"Which topic is the statement in turn 1 NOT related to?","answer":"ACLU"}
{"text":["Alan Dershowitz is a fine legal scholar. He's welcome on this show any time. But in any event, one had to make note of that. Way before Steven Spielberg and \"Jaws,\" did - what's still called the Chappaquiddick incident in which a young woman, Mary Jo Kopechne, died when she was in the back of a car driven by Senator Edward Kennedy, went off the bridge at Chappaquiddick. Did that bring the worst kind of attention to the vineyard?","I think that that was when people first started to think about - see, the vineyard entered the world stage because of Chappaquiddick. And this kind of remote island that was a secret in many ways became not a secret. It was about three or four years later, I think, in '73, that Spielberg decided he wanted to film \"Jaws. \"And the vineyard came up as a setting because it was so authentic, although that word's kind of annoying these days. But it was so authentically weather-beaten and New England-y (ph).","And Spielberg had looked at some places on the West Coast, but a lot of the beaches there in the background might have a high rise. They were developed in some ways. This was an extremely undeveloped part of the world. It's tried to remain undeveloped, though now it seems as if almost every house there has a swimming pool. A friend of mine once said, and I quoted this, that \"pretty soon, the island will be a donut. \"","Pretty soon the island will be a donut.","In other words, there'll be land surrounded by a hole filled with water."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"It's tried to remain undeveloped\" - The island itself does not have the capacity to try to remain undeveloped. This is a personification of the island that means the people living on the island have tried to prevent it from being developed.","questions":"Which figure of speech is used in turn 2?","answer":"Personification"}
{"text":["Yes, particularly when we were starting out science at the beginning of - I think what you would call middle school, about age 12. This, of course, was the mid-1950s. And in Britain at that time, girls were only expected to get married and keep house. So instead of getting a chance to go the science laboratory, we got directed to the domestic science room to learn cookery and needlework.","And how did you fight your way into the science classes?","My protestations weren't heard. But when I told my parents that first evening, they were extremely angry. And I think the headmaster's telephone got a little hot.","(Laughter) And then you went to university. And I also read that, you know, you would get cat-called and that it was not a very friendly environment for women."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Cat called means to have mean loudly say sexual things to you in front of others.","questions":"Which term describes the act of saying mean sexual things in front of others?","answer":"Catcalling"}
{"text":["Yeah. To learn street - Glasgow street language.","They must have - well, a few particular words must have stuck to their vocabulary.","They spring to mind immediately, don't they?","Our guest is Billy Connolly. You're listening to TALK OF THE NATION, from NPR News. And there is a lot of material, it would seem to me, that would go over better in Scotland than it would here. How do you have to change to adapt to audiences?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Learning Glasgow street language involves learning specific words.","questions":"Which type of language is being discussed in the dialogue?","answer":"Glasgow"}
{"text":["Prime Minister Boris Johnson asked the queen to suspend Parliament - a very British coup, as many of his critics say, or a way to force Parliament to work out Brexit three years-plus after voters voted for him.","Or perhaps a device to get Parliament out of the way and allow Boris and the Brexiteers to finally leave the EU even without a deal. And the EU has said it is done negotiating. So this fall, Britain may leave the European Union and do it in the most disruptive and unpredictable way imaginable. So for the residents of Britain, this is rather like watching a hurricane bear down on them, feeling helpless to stop it and unable to escape.","The romance between the president and Fox News seemed to have everything going for it. What happened?","(Laughter) It does seem to have cooled. Weeks ago, the president started complaining about the opinion polls he saw on Fox News. They were showing his approval rating as low as most of the other media and academic polls. So he called that fake news."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It's like watching something awful approach people and not be able to stop it.","questions":"What is the feeling of the residents of Britain towards the possible outcome of Brexit?","answer":"Awful"}
{"text":["So the very beginning of it sounded a lot like rap to me.","Yeah. It is about the rhythm of the lyrics, rhythm of the words.","You have been living away from your home in Iran now, for a number of years. So how has life in exile been for you?","Actually, I - from the first days, I just could use this world for myself, world of exile. Here in the U. S. , I got mostly concentration on my work. I got my - silent; I got respect. I got - many things. Definitely, I miss my mom, I miss my family, I miss my friends. But not the concept of Iran - it's dead for me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The music in the beginning sounded like rap to me, which is a form of music that has a strong focus on rhythm and poetic lyrics.","questions":"What genre of music did the beginning of the song sound like to B?","answer":"Rap"}
{"text":["I'm Farai Chideya and this is News & Notes. The roots of jazz reach down on to the Mississippi Delta and the West Coast of Africa. Now, the many sounds that make up modern jazz can be heard virtually anywhere in the world. The Thelonious Monk Institute of Jazz keeps the music alive and nurtures the next generation of jazz musicians. And this weekend, the institute is honoring B. B. King, plus, holding the finals of its annual performance competition. Joining us now is Monk Institute President Tom Carter.","Hi. It's a pleasure to be here.","Yeah. Yeah. You're right here in the studio. So we've been hearing a little bit of the great B. B. King, who I've had the pleasure of watching play. And you're honoring him in Los Angeles this weekend at a concert called 'The Blues and Jazz, Two American Classics. 'Tell me a little bit more about how got things structured.","Absolutely. It's going to be an incredible weekend. We have saxophone competition which we'll be talking about. But as a part of the competition, we also have a major tribute concert each year and this year, it's dedicated to B. B. King and to the blues. The blues have had a huge influence on jazz, and we established last year an education program in Mississippi Delta called 'The Blues and Jazz, Two American Classics,' which is the theme of this weekend. And there, we worked with young kids and really introduced them, originally in the Mississippi Delta to their great roots and heritage and the life of B. B. King, who is from Indianola."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : to watch someone play means to watch them perform","questions":"What musician is being honored at the concert in Los Angeles this weekend?","answer":"BBking"}
{"text":["No, I think this will be about fact. That's why I added a number of authors and historians to this commission. When these monuments were erected, they were to celebrate but also, I think, to intimidate individuals, as well. They were there to continue to convey what I think is, you know, alternative facts and history. At the end of the day, these individuals defended a time and a purpose that would probably have me and my ancestors in bondage. And that should not go untold.","Some, though, would say this is a cop-out. New Orleans has torn down a number of its Confederate monuments. The city of Charlottesville, Va. , voted to sell its statue of Robert E.  Lee. Why not remove these statues?","Well, first I will say that our monuments commission will obviously listen to all sides. They'll listen to those who think that we may be trying to rewrite history. We're going to listen to people who think that we should remove the monuments. My charge to the commission is to tell the whole truth. For some, this was the third rail in Richmond politics - that you can never touch Monument Avenue. And I think that right now this is an opportunity for us and a responsibility for us to write the next new chapter for the city of Richmond.","Levar Stoney, the Democratic mayor of Richmond, Va.  We've been checking in with him throughout his first year in office. And we will be doing so as the year rolls on. Thank you so much for joining us.","Thank you, Lulu."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The monuments were meant to intimidate and convey alternative facts and history.","questions":"Which purpose did the monuments serve?","answer":"Celebrate"}
{"text":["Mountain guerilla killings in Central Africa have reached an all-time high.","Current fighting among the Congolese military and rebels has caused park rangers and other locals to flee the area, ultimately leaving one of the world's most endangered animals seemingly unprotected. These killings reached deep into the economy, the local community and the environment.","For more, we are joined now by Craig Sholley. He is a senior director at the African Wildlife Foundation and former director of Rwanda's Mountain Gorilla Project. Craig, nice to have you on the show.","Very nice to be here, Tony. Thank you."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"leaving one of the world's most endangered animals seemingly unprotected\" is a turn whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning. The phrase \"seemingly unprotected\" suggests that there may be some protection for the animal, but it is not clear or uncertain. The literal meaning would be that there is absolutely no protection for the animal.","questions":"What is the implied meaning of the phrase \"seemingly unprotected\"?","answer":"Uncertainty"}
{"text":["And yeah. Like I said, the video can be used for good. And that's why I think the premise of body camera footage is good. But where problems emerge is when government officials and police officials push back against making that footage public because that's the whole reason. The reason is to bring transparency to police interactions. And if government officials push against that, it goes against the entire premise.","One of the very interesting points that you make in your book is that the federal government has investigated alternatives to lethal force and improving police-community relations for decades. I mean, you highlight a report that was commissioned by President Johnson, President Lyndon Johnson in 1967 in response to the Watts riots. And you said that it proposes really not so much an emphasis on technology but an emphasis on relationships, on communication and teaching police officers how to communicate better with the public, how to - it's more of like a - I don't know what word to use. Would you say humanistic approach?And. . .","Absolutely. That's a great word for it.","And that you say that there's - these kinds of - these techniques have never really been implemented because they were deemed to be too expensive. But you also point out that technology is expensive. The police departments spend a huge amount on these technologies that you say don't work. So what - my question to you is, why do you think these techniques have not gotten more traction?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The actual implicit meaning of the turn \"absolutely\" is agreement and affirmation.","questions":"Which word indicates agreement and affirmation in the dialogue?","answer":"Absolutely"}
{"text":["Mr.  DAVID M.  KENNEDY (Director, Center for Crime Prevention and Control): Hello.","So what's this \"stop snitching\" culture about?","Race.","What do you mean by that?That's a very blunt answer."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The 'stop snitching' culture is related to the issue of race.","questions":"Which issue is the 'stop snitching' culture related to?","answer":"Race"}
{"text":["Are there any good reasons to use this?","There is a separate group here working on storing data in DNA. It turns out that DNA is really robust for long-term storage, whereas, you know, hard drives may die after a few years. You can conceivably store data in DNA for hundreds or thousands of years. And as long as life continues to be based on DNA, we'll always have a reason to read and write DNA. So it's sort of a technology that won't go obsolete.","So, I mean, we underscored the aspect of some kind of mischief or outright miscreants. But I wonder, you know, a few years from now, instead of having hard drives or storage systems, will people just carry around that information in themselves, in their DNA?","I'm not sure that people will carry around that information within them. But I do believe people will start using DNA for sort of long-term storage. So accessing data from DNA and putting data into DNA is a pretty slow process. And so you'll want to, you know, archive photos in there and things like that. But you won't want to use it for your day-to-day tasks, at least not for the foreseeable future."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  Implied meaning: Will people use DNA to store data instead of hard drives in the future?","questions":"How long can data be stored in DNPersonA according to PersonA's response?","answer":"Thousands"}
{"text":["What a coincidence. Serendipity.","Absolutely. So this is a very festive lab and we asked if they would look into this and they did, several times over, for us. And so we have the results on Video Pick of the Week is originals of our sample size of one - we should be clear - experiment into this.","Right. And you found that if you out enough - spike your eggnog enough, should we. . .","Well, yes. So you can go to our website for the recipe. But after - the key to this, and actually, we'll have - let's have Vince Fischetti, sort of, give us a little background."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : They're implying that if you spike your eggnog enough, you'll get drunk.","questions":"Which drink do they mention in the dialogue?","answer":"Eggnog"}
{"text":["So when he came home, how was he different in how he treated you, related to you, related to family life?","He's totally different. For one, Michael is very quiet. And since he returned, he's even distant, and it's causing a lot of problems in our marriage. And it's just - this war have caused a lot of stress on the wives and the families, they have to deal with these soldiers when they return.","What do you try to do with or for Michael to help him adjust?","I try everything in the world, and it seem like it don't help. Because he have a wall built up, and for one, we don't have enough help here. We only have one clinic that we can go to for counseling and therapy. And it's like two-hour drive away from where we live, so that's a major problem, too."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"He's even distant\" - The actual meaning of this turn is different from its literal meaning. It implies that Michael is emotionally distant or uninvolved in their relationship, not physically distant.","questions":"What is causing problems in PersonA's marriage?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["The attitude of the West and of Russia towards a crisis like Ukraine is diametrically different. The West is trying to establish the legality of any established border. For Russia, Ukraine is part of the Russian patrimony. A Russian state was created around Kiev about 1,200 years ago. Ukraine itself has been part of Russia for 500 years, and I would say most Russians consider it of Russian patrimony. The ideal solution would be to have a Ukraine like Finland or Austria that can be a bridge between these two rather than an outpost.","Mr.  Kissinger, every time we interview you, we hear from people who object, who say they have no interest in your opinion because of your role during the war in Vietnam, especially the bombing of Cambodia and Laos. How do you answer that?","They should study what is going on. I think we would find, if you study the conduct of guerilla-type wars, that the Obama Administration has hit more targets on a broader scale than the Nixon Administration ever did.","Is there not, though, a difference between a drone attack and carpet bombing?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Please expand upon your thoughts and discuss what your experience has been to-date with the availability of dementia-related information.","questions":"How would you describe the turn given in the statement?","answer":"Diametrically"}
{"text":["Is this situation just overshadowed by other refugee and humanitarian crises in the world?","I think so. I think its a challenge that, you know, Uganda is the third largest refugee-hosting country in the world now, but I think most people dont realize that. When we think about refugees, we often think about the Syria crisis, which is the world's largest. We think about people who are crossing the Mediterranean. But we're not thinking about the now almost a million people who've crossed this land border into Uganda but have also fled from South Sudan into Kenya and Ethiopia and even into Sudan.","We're also in a situation where the administration has sent very limited aid budgets to Congress. And fortunately because the commitment that Congress continues to show, they've actually rejected those steep cuts to humanitarian aid and provided strong funding - robust funding for humanitarian assistance. But we need to see that funding really get out of the bank accounts in D. C.  and get out to the ground, where it's needed.","Has Uganda been been so welcoming?The international community has thought there's relatively little reason to get involved."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Is this situation just overshadowed by other refugee and humanitarian crises in the world?  Implicated meaning: Is this situation being overlooked or given less attention compared to other refugee and humanitarian crises in the world?","questions":"Which country is the third largest refugee-hosting country in the world?","answer":"Uganda"}
{"text":["Yeah. I think a big local newspaper, you know, was kind of like the big local sports team. There's always been hostility toward the big, local paper but I think there was a certain amount of pride in it. And this is our paper. We are a big-time city. I think the Herald spoke more for the community and reflected the community better than any other institution down here could. And now there is no institution to replace that, unless, you know, you talk about sports team or something like that. And I think that's true of many, many cities now.","We talk so much about newspapers. Is journalism going to survive?Has that become DIY?Is this an opportunity for novelists to step in?","You know, novelists have been trying to step in for hundreds of years. And I think the same forces that are sort of working against newspapers probably are also working, to some extent, against books. I just, I don't know. It just feels like everything happens so fast now and everybody, you know, goes on to the next subject so quickly now. Books seem a little archaic, except as entertainment and, you know, as an escape from policy and that sort of thing.","Dave Barry. His new novel, \"Insane City. \"Speaking with us, of course, from Miami. Dave, thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : In turn (1), the speaker implies that the big local newspaper was a point of pride and reflection for the community, despite the hostility towards it.","questions":"What did the big local newspaper represent for the community, according to the speaker in turn (0)?","answer":"Pride"}
{"text":["To tell you the truth. On my part it was such a rarity that even I had not thought about the unassisted part of the play. I realized at the time that it was a triple play. You know, it was all three outs, but had never really thought about the unassisted part because it was such a rarity that no one ever really talked about them.","Ron, was that moment it for you in your baseball career?Is that - what could be better than that?","Well, there were some real good things that happened to me in my career. I had a fairly long career. I played in the major leagues for almost 15 years so - but I was \"Rookie of the Year\" in 1960 and that was. . .","That's pretty good."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) Implied meaning: Was that the highlight of your baseball career?","questions":"How long did PersonA play in the major leagues?","answer":"15"}
{"text":["Hi, David.","So we have heard so many different messages, I mean, from President Trump in terms of removing U. S.  forces, keeping U. S.  forces there, claims of victory, backing off claims of victory. What exactly is the situation right now?","Well, the U. S. -backed coalition does appear to be in the final stages of the actual combat. But what exactly the victory entails, what it achieves, how final it proves to be, those are all still open questions. Over the weekend, the Syrian Democratic Forces, the SDF - they're the ones actually in there trying to seize this last bit of ISIS control - said it would be over in a matter of days. There could still be some intense fighting, though, between now and then.","SDF commanders say some of those airstrikes that have been pounding the ground were targeting vehicle bombs left by ISIS. There was a Twitter post from an SDF spokesman. He said three car bombs were taken out. And there's - he also said it's going to be over soon, this battle. There's estimates hundreds of ISIS fighters are left. They're not going anywhere without a fight. But it sounds like a victory over those fighters is being portrayed as more a question of when rather than if."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Although the literal meaning of this turn is simply asking for a description of the current situation, the implied meaning behind it is that the speaker is expressing frustration or confusion about the conflicting messages they have heard from President Trump regarding the removal or retention of U.S. forces in Syria. It could be interpreted as a way of questioning the credibility of the information that has been provided so far and seeking clarification or a more definitive answer.","questions":"How is the speaker feeling about the information provided by President Trump?","answer":"Confusion"}
{"text":["Thank you. How are you?","I'm pretty good. Thank you. You must be stuck like glue on this, but, you know, you've played in three World Cups, including one of the wins for the U. S.  team in 1999. How would you describe what it's like to be out there on that field in that final game?","It's exhilarating, to be honest with you. And it's really interesting for me to watch on TV because on the game days, I feel similar to how I used to feel when I played just because I really still feel a kinship and a connection to the current team, even though it's been many years since I played. But I feel we're all connected and inspired by each other.","Well, what are your thoughts on this current team?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The person must be watching every moment and every detail of the games.","questions":"How attentive is the person to the games?","answer":"Every"}
{"text":["You know, thousands of people around the world are facing these situations now. I mean, these people who left lots of countries to go overseas and connect with ISIS or fight for ISIS or marry people involved with these extremist organizations, they're coming back. Do you have advice for your officials in other parts of the country, or perhaps even the world, about how we should start thinking about this as a society?","Well, I think first and foremost that it has to be a focus area, and, A and B, that it has to be very well-funded. We can't think of this as an issue of the day, and then a 24-hour news cycle passes, and it's not the topic that's hot in the media attention at the moment. Every time that we stop or we don't continue to move forward when a catastrophic event occurs, then we're going to be in a situation where asking the same questions - what are we doing?Why aren't we doing more?What should be done?","That's Kevin Lowry. He is the former chief probation officer for the U. S.  District Court in Minnesota. Mr.  Lowry, thank you so very much for talking to us.","You're welcome. And thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The issue of people joining ISIS should be a continuous and well-funded focus, not just a temporary concern when a catastrophic event occurs.","questions":"Which issue should be a continuous and well-funded focus?","answer":"Joining"}
{"text":["So who is this father we're talking about?","Well, his name is Bashirul Shikder, and he's an American dad who is from Florida - lives in Florida. And four years ago, his two children - one of them was just an infant less than a year old - were kidnapped by their mother and taken to Syria, where she came to join ISIS. He's been trying to get his kids back since then. And then last month, he received the awful news that his wife had been killed in an explosion. His kids are injured with burns to their faces. So he came to Iraq. We followed him there, you know, next door to Syria where he was lobbying U. S.  officials to try to help, trying to locate these children who are somewhere in Syria.","Now it's been confirmed by - well, now multiple sources tell us - but I should say that it's not yet fully confirmed - that these two children and a half sister they now have are actually alive and still in Baghouz. Of course, the offensive on Baghouz has just started again, so this is really every parent's nightmare. What he is hearing is that the kids are there; they're being bombarded. But they're with a family who doesn't want to leave.","Wow. So this father might be watching U. S. -backed forces basically try to take out territory where his children might be still holed up somewhere."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The turn \"He's been trying to get his kids back since then\" is an example of a figurative language, as the father is not physically trying to retrieve his children but rather taking legal and diplomatic actions to locate and bring them back.","questions":"How is the father trying to retrieve his children?","answer":"Legally"}
{"text":["Well, we've got quite a few people that have moved in with other family members. Some houses that have only been destroyed partially - some are completely to the ground. We've still got some living in hotels. We've got some that are living in tents and vehicles. We found out yesterday from our school district that quite a few schoolkids are homeless. You know, 67 percent of the property here has been damaged in some way - or more.","So people have got stress trying to do a normal life during the day and have a normal job and then end up having to deal with the insurance companies and dealing with your mortgage companies and dealing with the assistance programs that you're trying to get help from that just takes repetitive, repetitive visits with to get things done. And it's not their fault. It's just the bureaucracy that's involved in everything doing nowadays.","Yeah. So they have to make repeated visits and work for a living all at the same time.","Yes, sir. It takes a mental strain on you. In my case, we sleep on a mattress in the back part of my living room 'cause the other half of my house doesn't have electricity and has got - you know, leaks like a sieve. And that's not a normal life."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  (4) implies that the speaker is facing a difficult living situation.","questions":"How is the PersonA's living situation?","answer":"Difficult"}
{"text":["Yeah. It was over in an hour or something, right?Yeah.","Exactly.","The emperor Augustus almost cracked up on your watch.","Yeah. That was - the Vatican exhibit was coming into the Met, some Leonardos, really fine, fine pieces of art. The Augustus was one big crate. And as the truck was coming down the ramp, you could see the truck driver was going too fast. And the top of the crate hit the concrete support beam in the garage, and all you heard was a crunching of wood. And my heart almost stopped."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Their heart did not almost stop but they did fell very close to panic when they heard the sound.","questions":"How did PersonA react to the sound?","answer":"Stopped"}
{"text":["The American Medical Association has largely stayed on the sidelines of political fights over the past 30 years or so. But a North Dakota law set to go into effect next month is spurring the doctor's group to get involved now. The law will require doctors in North Dakota to tell patients that medically induced abortions can be reversed. Now, there's no scientific evidence to support that claim, and the AMA is taking the state to court over it and another existing abortion law. Julie Rovner covers health policy at Kaiser Health News. She joins us now.","Welcome back to the program, Julie.","Thanks for having me.","We just described one of these laws. What's the other one, and why is the AMA concerned about it?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The AMA is getting involved in politics due to North Dakota law on medically induced abortions.","questions":"What is the reason for the AMPersonA's involvement in politics?","answer":"Involvement"}
{"text":["Yeah. Well, a big one can come from any number of faults here in Southern California. So if you looked at a map of Southern California and wanted to imagine all the faults, just throw a pile of spaghetti down on it, and all those little strands would be faults all over the place. These - this set of faults is inland from the San Andreas.","And so there was a less-than-1% chance that we would've had an above-7. 0 magnitude earthquake yesterday following the 6. 4 on Thursday, and that happened. As of today, there is a less-than-2% chance that we could see another magnitude 7 today, but we're going to have to see how that shakes out.","The San Andreas is not directly impacted by these faults, as far as we know. But there are a whole lot of faults in that area that might've taken a strain of some of these smaller faults that - when they released all their energy, because that strain doesn't just go away. It has to go somewhere else. And some of the other faults in the area took it on.","And how much do we know at this moment in time, this early in the day, about what the damage is up there?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Pile of spaghetti implies the fault lines on the map","questions":"Which food item can be used to represent the fault lines in Southern California?","answer":"Treasury"}
{"text":["Yeah. Everyone agrees that our prescription drug costs are too high - both right and left - you know, Democrat, Republican. It's one of the few points of information, points of fact that everyone agrees on. The problem is everyone disagrees on how best to tackle that. And there are a lot of forces that are resisting any change at all.","The bipartisan solution which Senator Klobuchar and Senator John McCain have proposed is allowing prescription drug imports from other countries, so we allow for a global competition in the sense of, you know, if everyone else is getting a better deal than us, why can't we buy our prescription drugs from there the same way we buy our, you know, refrigerators and cars?","Elisabeth Rosenthal, editor-in-chief of Kaiser Health News and author of \"An American Sickness: How Health Care Became Big Business And How You Can Take It Back. \"Thanks so much for being with us.","Thanks for having me."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Everyone is aware that the issue of high prescription drug costs needs to be addressed, but there are opposing views on how to do so.","questions":"How do people feel about the need to address high prescription drug costs?","answer":"Aware"}
{"text":["So I think that the Barack Obama, of course, then has a political legitimacy that neither of those gentlemen had because he's a United States senator elected to represent a district and serve a quarter of people. And yet, he's a charismatic figure as well, creating a sense of movement among the millions who now acclaim him as the best thing that happened to American politics since Jack Kennedy.","So Barack Obama has claimed the unique space within the context of American political destiny and has joined the charismatic authority that attends black messianic figures who become leaders in black America, as well as the quest for political legitimacy that transcends black communities. Because he's not just representing black people; he's representing white people and Latino people, and Asian people. He's representing Americans. And so he's taking it to yet another level in pioneering an even different path than the one blazed by Martin Luther King Jr.  or Jessie Jackson and, to a certain degree, Al Sharpton.","Well, Michael Eric Dyson, thank you.","Thank you very kindly, Farai."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"joined the charismatic authority that attends black messianic figures who become leaders in black America\" - This implies that Barack Obama has become a leader who inspires and motivates people, particularly in the black community, based on his charisma and personal qualities, rather than just his political credentials.","questions":"How has Barack Obama become a leader in black America?","answer":"Leader"}
{"text":["As I don't have to tell you, because you helped negotiate the Paris Agreement, the United States pulled out more than a couple of years ago.","Well, actually, the United States can legally not pull out until November of next year. We, of course, certainly expect them to do so.","Be that as it may, what can be accomplished - how much does U. S.  withdrawal hurt?","Well, you know, the fact is that what you call a U. S.  withdrawal I call a national government withdrawal. I call it a White House withdrawal. It does not represent 100% of the U. S.  economy. Sixty percent of the U. S.  economy represented by many corporations, by many states and certainly by many financial institutions continue to decarbonize because they understand it is for their own good. It is for the strength of their economy and for commercial profitability in the case of corporations. The fact is that if the United States, as a central government, wants to leave the climate agreement and not continue the policies and the incentives for decarbonization, they're shooting themselves in the foot because other countries such as China, certainly, and perhaps even India are taking advantage of that vacuum and moving in."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The United States stopped abiding by the terms of the agreement.","questions":"What agreement did the United States stop abiding by?","answer":"Paris"}
{"text":["Sure. Well, before she becomes a pirate, she tries shoplifting. And when Gwen is shoplifting, she imagines herself as named Octavia. She imagines herself to much more glamorous persons, so there's a little bit in this book that's here.","(Reading) She remembered what it was called - shoplifting - and pictured lifting the whole place, the aisles tilting and tumbling their baubles and trinkety treasures into her pockets. Pink razors for her burnt leg and then a keychain she thought Naomi would like. And when she realized she could steal for other people, it was an avalanche, a chew bone for Toby the II, more stuff for Naomi, a stuffed bear and a tiny license plate that said Naomi. Three flasks of perfume, curvy and shapey like internal organs in her pockets, and she was done with Mother's Day for ages.","Her father liked the electronic things, which were behind locked cabinets. But she grabbed a slick stereo magazine and managed to slip into one of her boots. It would be a way to warm him for taking the bus by herself. By now she was thirsty and rounded a corner to open a fridge and grab an iced tea in a bottle that felt so good in her hands. It was One Universe Green Tea, which the label said was good for the immune system and for Octavia's skin. No one had stopped her. No one had spoken to her. It was smooth sailing. All for one and one for all.","So is there a straight line from that to piracy or just adolescence?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"straight line from that to piracy\" - actual meaning: the author uses figurative language to question whether her shoplifting is a direct cause of her becoming a pirate, not that there is a literal straight line linking the two.","questions":"How does the author use figurative language to question the connection between shoplifting and piracy?","answer":"Figurative"}
{"text":["If you dig into this latest employment report, the unemployment rate for those with a college degree is roughly half of the national average. But a new report by the nonprofit Center for College Affordability and Productivity says that roughly half of those college graduates who have jobs are now working jobs that don't require a college degree. People with Ph. D. s. are driving taxis and waiting on tables. They are earning much less than expected, and certainly bargained for when they began to rack up college debts. Dr.  Richard Vedder co-authored the study. He's also a distinguished professor of economics at Ohio University and joins us from member station WOUB in Athens, Ohio. Dr.  Vedder, thanks so much for being with us.","Glad to be with you, Scott.","Help us understand what this means.","Well, it means there's a lot of people that are going to college, I suspect most of them with expectations that upon graduation they will make a pretty good living and live sort of an upper middle-class American life. But instead, a lot of them are getting jobs upon graduation working as bartenders, taxi drivers - a million of them are retail sales clerks, 115,000 of them are janitors. They're getting jobs that I'm fairly certain are less than what they're expected when they began the college experience."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker's use of sarcasm or irony suggests that they hold a different opinion or belief than what they are expressing explicitly.","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue suggests the PersonA's use of sarcasm or irony?","answer":"Turn3"}
{"text":["This was during the Gilded Age, and this - you know, the original 1-percenters in this country. They wanted - especially Western Pennsylvania - I mean, steel moved this country. Steel helped build this country in the industrial age. And that steel was in Western Pennsylvania and throughout Pennsylvania - and the titans of steel and of coal and railroads. And they wanted a club that their compatriots had out West. And so they created the South Fork Hunt and Fish Club. And they wanted to be able to go out boating and fishing. And so they're in the Conemaugh Valley. They dammed up a river, created an earthen dam. But it was not well prepared. And the people were concerned about it. And they said this dam could fail. And if this dam fails, it would be catastrophic.","There was a lot of rain, wasn't there?","I mean, we talk about rain of biblical proportions. I mean, it was more than a foot of rain. But the problem was in the engineering of the dam. There was no way to - on a methodical basis - to be able to release water. The water just kept coming over the spillway and eroding the face of the dam, which was holding in all the rock and stone. And that gave way. Within 40 minutes, 20 million tons of water was emptied and heading down the Conemaugh Valley at about 40 to 50 miles per hour.","And as the water threatened to burst through - of course, in those days, no radio, no TV, no Twitter."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : they mention detailed miles and tons of water","questions":"What were the measurements mentioned in turn 2?","answer":"miles,tons"}
{"text":["And how did this start?","Well, about 20 years ago, we were thinking about doing a literary magazine because at the time there weren't too many journals out there for new writers. There weren't many literary journals at all during that time. And so we stumbled upon an idea that we had started with one of our friends from college where he had given me a first line to start a story. And then I would write the story. And then I would send it to him. And I'd give him a first line. And he would start a story. And he would send that back to me. And we did that. And so we decided that we'd open that up to the rest of the world.","How many stories do you typically get?","We run between 300 and 450 submissions in issue."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : 3) is the same as its literal meaning, which is asking for information about the number of stories typically received by the literary magazine.","questions":"How many submissions are featured in an issue of the literary magazine?","answer":"300"}
{"text":["And the question has to be raised. With his support - outspoken support - for Vladimir Putin, for Kim Jong Un, for President Duterte - forgive me - the president of the Philippines - not working well today - does the president send the message that dictators can do as they please?","The president - let's be frank - came to power promising to disrupt official Washington and the way things have been done, including in terms of our relationships with just about every other country. And that is a promise on which the president has delivered. And his base voters are delighted with it, even if it gives pause to members of Congress and people in the media and other observers.","Ron Elving, thanks so much.","Thank you, Scott."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The president's disruptive foreign policy is popular among his base but concerning to others.","questions":"What is the response of the president's base to his disruptive foreign policy?","answer":"Delighted"}
{"text":["So you had the U. K.  negotiating bilateral agreements with, like, Australia and Canada and India, right?And then I read you also had Germany forming its own bloc with members, countries that it had relationships with. And the U. S.  did something similar.","That's right. The origins of the British trading bloc really go back to World War I. And a lot of the considerations are of a military nature, a geostrategic nature. They were bottlenecked in some supplies, especially for the military, and that's why the British government was thinking more about how to secure its supplies. And that happened on the German side as well. Germany was preparing for war. They were gearing up for war, so they needed to make sure they had the right supplies, especially for the military.","Now, you write that if similar patterns play out today, we could see a, quote, \"reorientation of world trade around China- and U. S. -centric trade blocs. \"How likely do you think that is?","Well, it depends on the politics. The White House wants to have a more bilateral approach where the U. S.  deals with one individual country, as opposed to a group. And China now wants to create a system of its own. So that does include establishing a sphere of influence in Asia. And each of them will want to build up their own realm where they have the power in the region.","What do you think is at stake here?If this approach continues, what are your main concerns?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The US and China both want to establish their own spheres of influence in the region.","questions":"What is the main goal of the US and China in the region?","answer":"Influence"}
{"text":["That's it. It's a very interesting technology. It shoots this - 125,000 laser pulses a second down at the rainforest canopy. Now - and then it measures the reflections. Now, 99 percent of what's reflected comes off leaves. But here and there, there are tiny gaps in the canopy where a laser beam can reach the ground, bounce off and go back up to the plane. And then with massive software processing, they're able to remove all the reflections from leaves, leaving only the ground.","And it's just incredible to see these scientists at work. I mean, you see this impenetrable rainforest canopy. And then with a press of a button, it disappears and you see everything on the ground. It's absolutely amazing.","Well, it's a little more complicated than that. They have to then process the signals that they receive back from the ground. As you say, most of them come back from leaves. And I think, what, they handed you the disc and you flew it out and gave it to the computer guy.","Well, that's right. And in fact, it is very complicated. The LIDAR machine has inside it a highly classified thing called an IMU, an Inertial Measurement Unit that was developed for the military for use in guided missiles. And in order to get an export permit for the plane, the State Department required that the plane be guarded by armed soldiers at all times when it was on the ground because this is a very highly classified piece of equipment. Because it's important to locate the plane in the air in three dimensions as it's flying to within an accuracy of about a centimeter. I mean, that's incredible."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The LIDAR machine is a highly classified technology.","questions":"Which technology is classified?","answer":"LIDAR"}
{"text":["You really take us through every single phase of a relationship.","I went through every single phase in the writing of this thing, so. . .","Yeah.","Yeah. Yeah. I went through a breakup with a longtime, like, best friend. And it was, for the first time in my adult years, really in a place where I didn't have anyone to text after the show to be like, it went great or, like, I tripped. But, like, it was a strange sort of loneliness. And I wanted the songs to show that because I felt like I was going to feel less lonely by sharing in a way."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The author wrote songs to show that sharing can help with loneliness.","questions":"What was the reason behind the author writing songs?","answer":"loneliness"}
{"text":["You see, I'm psychic. I'm psychic today.","It's Joe.","I sense that it's Joe.","\"Hey, man, I love Penn and Teller for years. You guys are awesome. I love sleight-of-hand magic and was interested in starting to learn some. Would you have any recommendations where to start?\"I bet you get asked that question a lot."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In turn (3), the speaker says \"I sense that it's Joe.\" The literal meaning is that the speaker believes they have psychic abilities and can sense the identity of a person without being told. However, the implied meaning could be that the speaker recognizes Joe's voice, appearance, or behavior and is using their intuition to make an educated guess about who it is. The implied meaning suggests that the speaker is not actually psychic, but is using their observational skills to make a prediction.","questions":"What is the PersonA's implied ability in turn 3?","answer":"Intuition"}
{"text":["Absolutely. They may, you know, be with someone, or as they play cards with other decks of playing cards, people talk, you know?We all - we all kind of fill that space. And so hopefully maybe some information that they've heard could prove valuable in cases as we work towards resolution.","How many cold cases do you have there on the books in Colorado?",">>SIMKINS Here in Colorado we have nearly 1,600 cases total. And when we identify a cold case, we are calling any unresolved homicide that is more than three years from the commission of crime a cold case. We're also including any long-term missing person cases and any unidentified remains.","There are only 52 cards in a deck of cards. So how do you decide which case makes the deck?"],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"as they play cards with other decks of playing cards, people talk\" - this is a metaphorical expression, suggesting that people communicate and exchange information in various ways, just like card players do.","questions":"How do people exchange information according to the metaphor used in turn 0?","answer":"In-various-ways"}
{"text":["Is there any recourse here whatsoever, and is there any way to see from here on out how companies are actually using this bailout money, to be very clear about where and who it's going to?","Well, if your question goes beyond executive compensation to how the money is being used, yeah, we have a special inspector general that is overseeing it. We also have the General Accounting Office doing some review. We do have a problem with the General Accounting Office; can it get bank records so we know what they're using their money for?No, we need to clarify that in the law. You know, the oversight is meant to be strong through the special inspector-general. As a practical matter, will it be?We're going to have to wait a month or two to find out.","Charles Grassley is the Republican senator from Iowa. Thank you very much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Companies are misusing bailout money and need to be held accountable and punished for doing so. ","questions":"Which senator is mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Grassley"}
{"text":["Thank you so much for having me.","And why'd you want to do that?","It really all started with her five-year portraits. I'd been searching everywhere for a new creative inspiration. And no matter where I looked, so many of the ideas for the how-tos of how to dress your little girl - dress like a Disney princess. And don't get me wrong - I love Disney princesses. But, you know, they're just characters, a writer's tale of a princess. And it really got me thinking about the real women for our girls to look up to.","Were you hoping that your daughter would ask questions like, well, who is this Amelia Earhart?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : ALL FATHERS WANT THEIR DAUGHTER TO BE LIKE DISNEY PRINCESSES BUT ITS JUST A CHARACTER NOT A REAL ONE","questions":"How did the speaker feel about the ideas for how to dress little girls?","answer":"Frustrated"}
{"text":["Rubber-faced American was OK but, like, not all NPR executives are clowns.","We all think we're being so original, right?","That's true.","Exactly. So, what's happening, Murray?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : ) We all think we're being so original, right? (Implied meaning: We all think we're really creative and original, don't we?)","questions":"What do we all think about ourselves?","answer":"Originality"}
{"text":["Ground-based solar is only good when the sun is shining. And this applies to wind energy, too. It's only good when the wind is blowing. You have to have fossil fuel generators, standing by to pick up the load when the wind stops blowing, or the sun stops shining. So that has to be figured into the economics of wind- and ground-based solar. And, of course, you don't have either of those problems with a solar power satellite.","What would my electricity bill look like if I were getting solar power beamed down from satellites?What would it cost me?","That is hard to come by, but the best estimates we have, it's somewhere between eight to 20 cents a kilowatt hour.","Well 20 cents a kilowatt hour would be very expensive electricity."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"very expensive electricity\" - This turn has a figurative meaning, as the term \"expensive\" is relative and varies depending on the person's perspective and circumstances. The actual cost of electricity may not be considered high by some people, while others may view it as unaffordable.","questions":"How would someone's perception affect the cost of electricity?","answer":"Perception"}
{"text":["Well, tomorrow, it's going to be a lot of pomp and circumstance. There'll be a wreath-laying at Westminster Abbey. There'll be a state dinner in the evening with the Queen at Buckingham Palace tomorrow, a meeting with Prime Minister May. Of course, she's a lame duck, so we're not expecting a lot there on the policy front. The big thing tomorrow is going to be street protests.","And what are we expecting there?","Huge numbers. There are going to be buses coming in from around England. The streets are going to be jammed. Londoners, of course, very progressive - this is a cosmopolitan city. And they tend to really dislike this president. His anti-immigration policies, his things that he said about women - it just really rubs Londoners the wrong way.","We'll be seeing a lot of things that - a lot of signs, clever signs, which is what British protesters are known for. And we'll also see Tuesday morning the Trump baby blimp make a reappearance. This is the blimp of Trump in a diaper and crying and looking - he's in the form of a baby. Very popular, and I'm sure we'll see lots of people out there when that goes aloft in Parliament Square."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There will be a lot of formal events but street protests will be the highlight.","questions":"How will Londoners react to the President's policies and statements?","answer":"Dislike"}
{"text":["Yeah - no - no, Martians here.","OK.  You've - is it fair - you've gone into Michael Cohen's background extensively. Is it fair to call him a fixer?","You know, I think that he handled a lot of matters for Donald Trump before he was - before he became the president that were difficult and sensitive issues. Michael's role at the Trump Organization was not really that of a lawyer. One Trump Organization - senior Trump Organization official pointed out that when the legal department at the company had a meeting, Michael was not included. He was not part of the legal department. He didn't really practice law there.","In fact, when the government was arguing with Mr.  Cohen's lawyers over issues of whether or not material seized by the government in a search warrant were privileged, the government indicated that an examination of his emails - they previously had a search warrant for his emails that had been secret until it was revealed in the course of that litigation. But that an examination of his emails indicated both that he conducted little to no legal work for President Trump or for The Trump Organization. And it also pointed out that he never emailed with Mr.  Trump. But I think Mr.  Trump is not a big - not a big emailer."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Michael Cohen's role at the Trump Organization was not that of a lawyer.","questions":"How would you describe Michael Cohen's position at the Trump Organization?","answer":"Not"}
{"text":["And now to another story we'll hear more about this week. It starts with a number - $90 billion. That's about how much Uber is expected to be worth when it goes public - that despite the fact the company has never actually turned a profit. It's made plenty of money but never more than it spends. Its move to go public and consolidate power comes at a time when Americans are questioning the power of Silicon Valley and leading politicians are calling for the breakup of tech giants. New York Times opinion columnist Farhad Manjoo recently called the Uber IPO a moral stain on Silicon Valley. He admitted his once-bright-eyed take on the startup has dimmed dramatically. He's here to talk with us about why. And he joins us from Mountain View, Calif. Welcome.","Hi. Good to be here.","You say you used to be a naive baby tech pundit who bought into the Uber hype, fanboy of sorts. These are your words. But this past week in your column, you lamented, what's become of Uber?What exactly are you lamenting?","Yeah, I mean, I once thought that Uber could be a win for everyone. You know, we used to - in cities, we used to sort of have these taxi cartels which limited supply and didn't really offer a great service. And Uber seemed like a better version of the taxi. And it also kind of offered these environmental promises. We'd have, you know, people using cars more efficiently. Like, Uber promised that it could get us - you know, more people in cars, get fewer cars on the road."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker used to believe Uber was a positive disruptor in the transportation industry, but now feels differently due to issues with the company's business practices and impact on society.","questions":"Which disruptor did the speaker believe was positive initially?","answer":"Uber"}
{"text":["And it's most importantly for us, combined with great food, great food and dining experiences. And as more of our culture gets into more of the artsy and fine wine and fine dining experiences, wine is more of a part of that for all cultures.","Do you ever find people saying to you, OK, it's great that you do this, but your world is so on another planet. And what you do is so ridiculously specialized, I can't even talk to you because I don't know what you're talking about?","Definitely find less and less that. I think everybody in our - the mystique of wine and the exclusivity of wine, those barriers have been broken down, to a large degree, and people are less and less afraid to try wine and to have fun with it themselves.","They ask questions about some of the technical aspects of it. We're very fortunate as a family, and the other members of the African-American Association of Vintners are also from various backgrounds, and they get the same kind of questions that we do. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : People feel intimidated by the specialized wine culture.","questions":"What barriers have been broken down regarding wine culture?","answer":"Barriers"}
{"text":["Thanks for being with us, Scott. The president, of course, was in Paris this week. He was president Macron's guest for Bastille Day. There'd been some attention in this country which would affix President Macron as somehow a different figure than President Trump. The two of them seemed to get on very well. There seemed genuine rapport.","That's right. I think if this improves relations, it certainly improved body language when it comes to President Trump in Europe. You know, there were so many images at the G-20 of Trump just looking isolated, big policy announcements put out by every country except the United States. So I think Macron sensed an opening here. He saw that Trump needs a friend, an ally, a wingman - whatever you want to call it - in Europe.","And Trump has a long track record of responding when people show him respect and welcome him. There's certainly nothing more welcoming than a big parade being put on, so this seemed to work. They seemed to get along. The question is, does this get Trump to shift on any of the key policy differences?Starting with climate change, where they could not be any further apart.","There was a phrase in the press conference where he said, well, maybe there will be something with the Paris accords, right?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : There was a phrase in the press conference where he said, well, maybe there will be something with the Paris accords, right?\" Implicated meaning: During the press conference, Trump made a vague statement suggesting that there could potentially be some reconsideration or change regarding the Paris accords, although it remains uncertain or unclear.","questions":"What did Trump say about the Paris accords during the press conference?","answer":"Paris"}
{"text":["After Army Private First Class Brian Orolin returned from Afghanistan in 2011, his wife, Donna, could tell something wasn't quite right. He became paranoid. He suffered constant headaches and would isolate himself in his bedroom with the lights dimmed. And then on November 19, Brian left his wife and two children in Spring, Texas. He has been missing ever since.","At StoryCorps, Donna Orolin remembered the day he returned from Afghanistan.","He was literally the last person off the plane, and he was just so excited to see his daughters. I dressed the girls up and put little bows in their hair with his unit on them. And I put a sign out front that said welcome home, Specialist Orolin. He just couldn't wait to be dad - husband again, but then, things were different.","We used to hold hands all the time before he left. When he came back, he didn't like to be touched, so I had to remind myself to not rub his back, not sneak up behind him and give him hugs. And pretty much his sense of purpose was gone. He would say that he was just going to go away somewhere some day and disappear, and we'd never find him."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : implies Donna was trying to make Brian feel special by dressing the girls up and making a sign, but Brian was still not the same;","questions":"How did Donna try to make Brian feel special upon his return from Afghanistan?","answer":"Dress"}
{"text":["Hurricane Dorian, now a Category 4 storm, is stalled over the northern Bahamas. It's moving at just 1 mile an hour as it pulls away and begins a turn to the north toward the southeastern United States. Storm surges, estimated at 15 to 20 feet, are crashing onto Grand Bahama Island. Over the weekend, Dorian left thousands of people on Abaco Island to the east without roofs, transportation and communications. Lindsay Thompson is with the Bahamas National Emergency Management Agency. She did not have any immediate information on casualties.","Preliminary information indicates that there is extensive flooding. Of course, there will be infrastructural damage when you have that level of a storm - a hurricane - historic, as well - passing through an island, which is relatively flat, as well. There's a lot of sand dunes. And so there is a concern for us with excessive flooding.","What about injuries?","Well, we haven't had any reports of injuries. Not that there aren't any, but we just don't have any reports of injuries as yet, if there are any.","Well, how much were the islands able to prepare for Hurricane Dorian?I mean, to stock up on adequate supplies, to make sure people got to shelters safely. Do you think there was enough time in advance?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker implies that there may be injuries, but they haven't been reported yet.","questions":"Which piece of information does speaker PersonA confirm in response to speaker PersonB's question about injuries?","answer":"No"}
{"text":["It's been an exciting year for developments in space. Just earlier this week, SpaceX successfully landed a 15-story tall section of one of their rockets back on Earth. And joining me to discuss what's been going on off our planet during 2015 is NPR science correspondent Geoff Brumfiel. So explain exactly what happened that a part of the rocket returned.","In some sense, this was just another rocket launch for SpaceX. You know, they sent 11 communication satellites into orbit. What really makes this special is what happened to the big first stage of the rocket. Now, normally this would just fall back to Earth. But this time, SpaceX flipped it around and then flew it back to near the launch site and actually landed it. They fired the engines a second time and it sort of floated down onto the pad. It was pretty spectacular to watch.","The space pad looks big when you're looking at it on the Earth. But from space, it must be a tiny dot.","Yeah, I mean SpaceX describes it as trying to shoot a pencil over the Empire State Building, have it turn around and land in a shoebox vertically. That's how hard this is."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The use of the word \"exciting\" suggests that the developments in space during 2015 were particularly noteworthy or significant.","questions":"How does SpaceX describe the difficulty of landing a rocket vertically?","answer":"Impossible"}
{"text":["The banks can bring in their junky securities and swap them for cash or treasury bills. And that, on top of interest rate cuts, Bernanke thought would be enough to keep the financial system working until it healed itself. The strategy at the Fed was known as the finger in the dike strategy, keep the water out and eventually things will recover.","But obviously, you know things didn't work out like that. And in the spring, we had the great Bear Stearns crisis, and the Fed was forced to intervene to prevent them going bankrupt. Then, we had another few months where it seemed like things had stabilized, but this thing's like a disease. It goes away for a while, and then, you know, it comes back in a more virulent form.","In September, after the collapse of Lehman Brothers, you know, all hell broke out, basically. And since then, we've had a sort of slow motion collapse of the financial system.","Now, this entire crisis has really tarnished Alan Greenspan's legacy, and he even admitted that his basic economic philosophy is now changed. What about Ben Bernanke?Does he deserve the same criticism?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The financial crisis is recurring and becoming more severe each time it comes back.","questions":"Which crisis is becoming more severe each time it comes back?","answer":"Financial"}
{"text":["This is WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. I'm Melissa Block. This week, Republican front-runner Donald Trump warned that there would be riots if Republican leaders reject him as the nominee, even if he's ahead in the delegate count. He was talking about the possibility of a contested convention. If Trump fails to get to the magic number of 1,237 delegates, things are going to get complicated - Byzantine even. And if you are an unbound or unpledged delegate - that is a delegate who can vote for whomever you want - you're probably about to get a lot of phone calls. Matt Micheli is one of those unpledged delegates. He's also chairman of the Wyoming Republican Party. And he joins us now from Casper. Welcome to the program.","Thank you, Melissa.","What does it mean to be - for you to be an unbound delegate?You're essentially a free agent, right, when you go to the convention.","That's right. We still represent the state of Wyoming and we - the results of what the Wyoming people want, I think, is what we will all try to do. But there's no law or no limits on who we can vote for at National Convention. We are free agents."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The turn (3) implies that being an unbound delegate gives a certain level of flexibility and freedom to vote for someone other than the candidate that the state's population has chosen. Although they will try to represent the state's desires, there is no law limiting their vote.","questions":"How much flexibility do unbound delegates have when it comes to voting?","answer":"flexibility"}
{"text":["It's a really exciting time for us, Ira, to - it's only five years in, and it's been a tremendous success story for the company. Handsets really have taken off. We're at a point now where almost half of all handsets in the world made are smartphones with some type of touch capability.","And then I'm sure you know of tablet computers, are very exciting, have grown quite magnificently in the last few years. And the market is starting to think about expanding touch interfaces with the different devices. If you think about your laptop computer, for example, or monitors or tabletops, even the front of a refrigerator, there's a lot more applications out there, we feel.","We feel that touch and the interface of touch is only going to grow.","Do you have to design and engineer the glass specifically to be touched as a utility?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The company has had great success with smartphones and touch-capable devices.","questions":"Which devices have taken off due to the success of the company mentioned in turn 0?","answer":"Handsets"}
{"text":["Say that you're 80. . .","OK.","What's Sommore going to be like?","I would probably be like Peg Bundy."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Being 80 implies being in old age and not constituting a total of 80 in quantity ","questions":"Which word implies that being 80 refers to old age instead of a quantity of 80?","answer":"Implies"}
{"text":["So Iran, I think, is going to respond to what it sees as its advantage. If the Trump administration were prepared to say we're going to remove a good part of the sanctions on Iran if you will sit down at the table, I think Iran would probably take that very seriously. The Trump administration, because of its opposition to the nuclear deal, created a crisis that really wasn't necessary.","And it could get worse. There is a real chance of misperception and misunderstanding that leads to military conflict. And I think this is something that nobody wants.","That's Gary Sick. He's a senior research scholar at Columbia University's Middle East Institute. Mr.  Sick, thank you so much for talking to us.","It was a pleasure."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : If the Trump administration offers to remove some of the sanctions on Iran, Iran would be willing to negotiate.","questions":"What is Iran's possible response to the offer mentioned in turn 0?","answer":"Iran"}
{"text":["We're talking with Joan Vennochi, the columnist for the Boston Globe, about a piece she wrote on the opinion page there today. It's called \"Did the police let their guard down?\"You can find a link to it at our website. Go to npr. org. Click on TALK OF THE NATION. And this is TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News.","And as you said earlier, it is impossible to secure the 26. 2 miles of the event, the huge crowds, like, 28,000 runners that gather to start the race, the crowds at the finished line, everything along the route. But Boston is not alone. Every city in town across the country has a big event. Do you think after Boston, police everywhere are going to have to look into their security?","Well, that seemed to be the feeling of people who know more about terrorism and security issues than I do, that again priority shift with time, there is a complacency that comes over certainly smaller towns and cities. I think New York City and L. A. , you know, places like that probably think about more than we thought about it here. It just seemed like something that could never happen. And until it does, you just think of it as something fairly remote, even though Boston certainly had a very direct connection to 9\/11 since the planes left from here.","But, yeah, I mean, I think it makes - it's going to make the experts, again, think about the tradeoffs. Again, you can' protect against everything. But is there a way you want to rejigger what happens at the finish line?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : She wrote an article asking if the police were not doing their jobs as well as they should have.","questions":"How did Joan Vennochi's article criticize the police?","answer":"Letdown"}
{"text":["Yes. The big topic, of course, is what he'll say about the president's unfounded claims that Barack Obama wiretapped his phones. He has also accused British intelligence of wiretapping his phones on behalf of Barack Obama. There's been no evidence produced for those claims. The British have pushed back against them strongly. People on the Hill say they have not seen any evidence of this, and Comey will be asked about that first and foremost.","OK.  And over at the Senate, the first hearings for President Trump's nomination for the Supreme Court - what kind of reception is he going to get?","Well, that's going to be the big event of the week. Neil Gorsuch, who has been nominated by Donald Trump, is going to be asked a lot of questions about his views on executive power, about Donald Trump's comments disparaging judges and the entire court system. This is one of Donald Trump's most important early initiatives. The Republicans have 52 votes in the Senate. They say if they have to change the rules so they won't need 60 to confirm him, they will do that. So it's going to be very, very hard for the Democrats to stop him. But this is just the first of many, many judicial vacancies that Donald Trump will have the opportunity to fill because of the age of judges on the bench right now and the number of vacancies.","And something else we're looking at, obviously, is what's happening on Thursday - a much anticipated vote in the House. They're voting on the repeal-and-replace legislation for Obamacare. Does Speaker Ryan have the votes?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B: \"Does Speaker Ryan have the votes?\" - This question is not asking whether Speaker Ryan possesses physical votes but rather whether he has enough support from fellow lawmakers to pass the legislation.","questions":"What is PersonB asking about Speaker Ryan's support for the Obamacare repeal-and-replace legislation?","answer":"Support"}
{"text":["It's a lot. . .",". . . Yes.","It's a lot of money to most people around the country.","And congressman, you know, if - let me understand this, are you calling for the outright abolition of the program?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker is seeking clarification and confirmation about the previous speaker's stance on a particular program, which is not specified in this turn. The use of the word \"outright\" suggests that there may have been a previous discussion about the program and its potential reform or elimination.","questions":"Which word suggests that there may have been a previous discussion about the program and its potential reform or elimination in turn 3?","answer":"Outright"}
{"text":["I will walk down the red carpet, yes, yes.","Oh, man, that's exciting, huh?Tell us what it was like when you found out, and tell us you found that you had been nominated for Grammy Award, your first.","Well, it's a pretty funny story, because since I'm an indie artist and this is my first foray into the industry, let alone this part of it, I wasn't really expecting anything and I didn't even know when the Grammys were being announced. That's how far off I was. And I was sitting at home in my jammies, actually, watching \"Top Chef. \"I might have been watching even watching it on TV, I don't know, but the phone rang and it was my producer, who also co-writes my songs with me. And he said, um, I think you've been nominated for Grammy. I was like, shut up.","I was, like - I didn't even know I've been submitted. Like, nobody told me that I had been submitted. I just wasn't even thinking about it. So, it was really crazy. It took a couple of hours, actually, for me to believe him. Like, I actually hung up on him."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : I will walk down the red carpet implies that the person is a VIP ","questions":"How was the person described in turn 0?","answer":"VIP"}
{"text":["And, of course, in \"Hamlet\" there's that famous play within a play, which, in my version, was a book within a book. And in this book, in \"Romeo And\/Or Juliet,\" there's actually two books within a book. When Juliet is taking that sleeping potion, she's out of the play for 42 hours. And while she's knocked out, she has a dream, which is \"A Midsummer Night's Dream. \"And you can play through that as Juliet in her subconscious.","And when Romeo's banished to Mantua, he's also kicked out of the narrative for a while. And he can visit the library and read a book called \"Fair Is Foul And\/Or Foul Is Fair\" which is obviously \"Macbeth\" done in this format. So I tried to cram all the Shakespeare I could into this because I'm not sure there's that many other plays that would lend themselves so easily to this format.","It has to be a play with which people are generally familiar, too.","Well, that's the fun of it, right, because you know what these characters are supposed to be like. And when you kind of push them off the rails a little bit, there's a sense of breaking the rules that's a lot of fun, I think. It's fun to write (laughter)."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In turn 3, \"It has to be a play with which people are generally familiar, too\" implies that the play must be well-known in order to be easily understood and appreciated by the audience.","questions":"What does the play have to be in order to be easily understood and appreciated by the audience?","answer":"Well-known"}
{"text":["So there's a relationship between the velocity of the coffee and the slope that you can generate there. And although the physics are very different in the ocean, you'll establish the same relationship between a pressure gradient or that difference in height and speed of the current. So if the gulfstream slows down, the slope at a sea surface is going to decrease, and water will rise at the coastline.","And what is this due to?","The slowing of the current?Yeah, that's the big question right now. And there's a lot of debate about what will drive those kinds of changes in the climate. Obviously, temperature, you know, it all starts with wind, so how do you - yeah, what could affect the wind field?But it really comes back to the distribution of temperature in the atmosphere and. . .","Global warming?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Global warming?\" - This is a question that implies a possible explanation for the changes discussed in the conversation, but it does not necessarily mean that global warming is the only cause or that it is the direct cause of the changes being discussed.","questions":"Which question from PersonB implies a possible explanation for the changes discussed but does not necessarily mean that it is the only cause or the direct cause?","answer":"Global"}
{"text":["Well, we've been calling the local hospitals. We've been following social media, posting missing persons ads. I think my cousin and I are going to be trying to head up there in about a week if we haven't found him and post missing persons on our car and just sort of drive around the areas up there in hopes that maybe we'll get some word.","What's he look like?What should we know about him?","He's a private man. He's lived in Paradise for over 40 years. He's very friendly. He's kind. Long hair, full beard. I guess he's about 5'10\". Thin, maybe 160 to 170 - I would guess somewhere around there.","Yeah. And how are your parents doing?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : he must be a stranger and this situation some one is missing","questions":"Which situation in the conversation involves a missing person?","answer":"HIV"}
{"text":["Look, next season the NBA's going to have to wait around for the Harrison twins - aren't they?- from the University of Kentucky?They announced they're coming back. What's going on - they want to stay in school?What'll they learn there?","(Laughter) Some actually do. It's ironic, isn't it, for Kentucky head coach John Calipari to - the man who's mastered the one-and-done phenomenon. He's so used to recruiting top high school players, grooming them for a year and then saying goodbye. But along with the Harrisons, four other key players from the team that lost the title game just this month, players who could have left, decided not to.","And in the meantime, Calipari has recruited another bunch of amazing high schoolers. So not only is Kentucky already the absolute preseason favorite for next year, it'll be a real challenge for Coach Cal to find enough playing time for his surplus of amazing talent.","And Tom, we lost Earl Morrall this week, maybe the greatest sub of all time, wasn't he?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"I'm not mad\" might imply that the speaker is indeed upset, but they don't want to express it openly. It could also imply that the speaker is trying to downplay their emotions and wants the listener to know that they should not be worried or feel responsible for the speaker's emotional state.","questions":"How might the speaker be feeling despite saying \"I'm not mad\"?","answer":"Upset"}
{"text":["Well, you're right. In the temporary workforce, for example, which is only something between 2 and 3 million of the employment, so that's a smaller portion, but temporary worker employment's down about 20 percent. When you look at total employment, it's down about 2 percent. So one of the things that temporary workers or contract workers or self-employed workers offer employers is flexibility.","So when there's a slowdown, when there is less project work, when there's less money available for financing, new projects, mergers and acquisitions, those kinds of things, the flexible workers generally take a harder hit than usual, and there's plenty of evidence to support that. You know, one measure of unemployment, which is called U-6, which would - includes people that are underemployed or are working temporary or part time because they can't find other work, that's up to like 13. 5 percent.","And we see that the average hourly - the average work week, at 33. 3 hours, is at a historic low. So, you're right, there's no question the flexible workers are taking it harder.","We haven't talked about pay, and in the few moments that we have left, let's talk about that. In terms of the temporary workforce, is the pay on par with those who are working permanently?Is it below?Is it, in some cases, higher?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Harder hit\" doesn't refer to a literal, physical hit, it just means they suffer the consequences more than they usually do.","questions":"What does \"harder hit\" mean?","answer":"Consequences"}
{"text":["And Gina Perra(ph) in San Mateo, California sent us this. \"I'm a 52-year-old white person, and this is one of my favorite shows. So if you think that this show has, quote, limited appeal, think again. Please cancel something else. \"","And finally, Joe Bennett in Dallas, Texas chimed in with this. \"I'm very disappointed that of all the shows that could be canceled, News & Notes was. It's the only one that is specifically addressing the concerns of African-Americans. As an American with African heritage, I think it is very important to have my issues addressed on the air waves. I'm sure that you will say that the other shows address these issues. However, I disagree in the format in which they do. More often than not, it is addressed not from the African-American perspective. \"","And that's it for letters. Thank you so much for your letters and love this week. Please keep your thoughts coming over the next few months.","To write to us, just log on to npr. org and click on Contact Us. When you get there, you'll see lots of shows to choose from. Make sure you pick News & Notes when you write to us, and keep writing to us. We're here with you for three more months."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : when Joe Bennett says \"I'm sure that you will say that the other shows address these issues. However, I disagree in the format in which they do,\" he implies that the other shows may address issues that affect African Americans, but not in a way that is satisfactory or effective.","questions":"What does Joe Bennett think about the way other shows address issues affecting African Americans?","answer":"Ineffective"}
{"text":["What can Americans learn from 18 years of war?That's what the U. S.  has faced since the 9\/11 attacks in 2001. James Mattis was in position to learn. The Marine veteran served in Afghanistan and Iraq and was defense secretary under President Trump until he resigned. Mattis has a memoir - \"Call Sign Chaos. \"He avoids direct criticism of the president. When we spoke yesterday, we asked if the president thinks long term, and Mattis said only that people around him do. The general describes his own detailed planning. Before leading a force into Iraq in 2003, he read thousands of years of history of Alexander the Great and others who invaded that region before him.","What could a multi-thousand-year-old battle teach you that would be relevant in the 21st century?","Well, there's enduring aspects of leadership, and plus geography doesn't change. And so when you read about the challenges they faced, it gets you thinking about your own. I knew we were going to be operating very deep inside the Middle East, and I had to decide what was the right manner in which I wanted the troops to go in. So I used words from antiquity. From a Roman general, I used no better friend, no worse enemy. We were going in to liberate the Iraqi people from Saddam. We were not going in to dominate them. I didn't want triumphalism. I wanted to go in with a sense of first do no harm.","So you read thousands of pages and then tried to boil it down to a few phrases, or in some cases even a word, that you could pass on to thousands of people."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Studying history helps to make better decisions in the present.","questions":"How did Mattis use words from antiquity to guide his decision-making during the Iraq War?","answer":"guide"}
{"text":["Well, speaking of talking, do you think that Mr.  Obama is now speaking with both the Israeli and Palestinian leaders?","I would not expect that. It would not necessarily be in his interest to do that. There's certain amount of meaning in the often-repeated statement that we just have one president at a time, and of course, over the weekend, we heard Obama's people repeating that. It's really not something that makes sense for him to be caught up in, the decision-making or negotiations, until he has a standing to be so and to be doing so as president of United States.","Well, this is certainly something that Mr.  Obama doesn't need right now, given that he's got a lot on his plate dealing with the economy. How distracting will it be for him?","It would be a tremendous distraction, except that this is the nature of the job, and he has himself said, back during the campaign, a president of the United States needs to be able to focus on more than one crisis at a time. It's a good thing he's thinking that way because he's going to have lots of them, and he's going to have to try to use the energy and the attention focus that he gets from one crisis to keep the country going forward on a number of fronts - that's the economy, the energy crisis, the healthcare situation - all of this while he tries to deal with international crises. That's the situation we're in, and he seems to know that, and he seems to be up for it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Mr. Obama should not negotiate with Israeli and Palestinian leaders before he becomes the president.","questions":"Which leaders should Mr. Obama not negotiate with?","answer":"Israeli-and-Palestinian"}
{"text":["In Larry Nassar's statement to the court last year just before he was sentenced, he said he'd been impacted to his inner-most core by the testimony of his victims, including yourself. But he did not apologize. He was, though, sentenced to life in prison. Did you feel resolution walking away from that day?","You know, I did in the sense that Larry will never be able to hurt another child. And I take great comfort in that. That being said, Larry was a symptom of the problem. And that's something, again, that I really wanted to dig into in the book. Larry didn't just magically appear as one of the most prolific predators in campus history, in sports history and in history in general. He didn't magically appear that way. He was enabled and sheltered by powerful organizations, by law enforcement agencies that mishandled or refused to investigate reports of sexual misconduct. And so while we were able to stop Larry, what really remains to be done and the work that has just begun is dealing with the institutions and the dynamics that left him in power.","Rachael Denhollander is an activist and former gymnast. Her book \"What Is A Girl Worth?\"and her children's book \"How Much Is A Little Girl Worth?\"are out now. Rachael, thank you so much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : References to magic aren't meant to be literal. Of course he didn't magically appear. The implication is simply that Nassar is a product of the organization he worked for.","questions":"What was the implication regarding Larry Nassar's history of sexual misconduct?","answer":"Product"}
{"text":["Sure.","We are always so grateful when you come on this show. I got to tell you - we got a lot of noes from Republicans who didn't want to come on this show and talk about gun policy, except, you know, maybe they'll go on Fox News. If the Republicans are proud of their record on guns, why not be interviewed about it?","Well, I can't speak for all of my colleagues on this. I mean, we obviously have a very serious violence problem in the country and particularly a firearm violence issue. And that - you know, we must address it. That said, we also have to respect the rights of people who own. . .","OK."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : This turn expresses willingness to engage in the conversation.","questions":"How did PersonA respond to PersonB's statement about Republicans not wanting to come on the show to talk about gun policy?","answer":"seriously"}
{"text":["Kristen's reporting illuminated that one of their co-founders had been accused of harassment by multiple women. He was still very much part of the agency when Kristen's reporting came out. Soon after, he was suspended. And then a few weeks later, he quietly resigned. There are reports specifically from women that he groped them, that he made - I mean, I don't even know if I can repeat the comments that he made. There is one photographer from the agency who cannot speak about what she experienced because she has been silenced by an NDA.","A nondisclosure agreement.","A nondisclosure agreement.","We should say that he's denied those allegations. You followed up with your own report on this. So you've been looking into this. And I'm curious what the industry's reaction has been to your story and Kristen's story."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The reporting brought emphasis to the harrassment so that others would notice.","questions":"How did Kristen's reporting bring attention to the harassment?","answer":"attention"}
{"text":["The tragedy in Burma is it's just hard for us to comprehend. It is true that the current projections are that the numbers will rise significantly. I've heard numbers as high as 50,000 people being killed. So it's something that just automatically pulls at the heartstrings.","And you know, Farai, scientists have discovered that human beings are actually wired to be altruistic, so it's a part of our DNA. It's natural for us to want to give. We see a crisis, we want to give. And so I think it's really important to acknowledge that, and to really encourage people to give. It can. The giving, overwhelming giving for a major public emergency like this can have a negative impact on other parts of the world. We've seen it in the past.","For example, when the tsunami hit Asia, several years ago, where a quarter of a million people lost their lives, you saw relief and development organizations flooded with donations. OxFam UK, at a certain point, actually had to refuse donations because they no longer had the capacity to actually program funds. So what I would actually advocate for those that are really interested in making contributions, is to give responsibly. To really look at those organizations that you are interested in making a contribution to, and making your donation in flexible kinds of ways. . .","So, for general support as opposed to necessarily for one thing."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The situation in Burma is heartbreaking and difficult to comprehend due to the high death toll.","questions":"How do scientists describe human beings in terms of their inclination towards altruism?","answer":"Altruistic"}
{"text":["There's a number of them that the federal prosecutors mentioned, things like excessive purchases with cash in some pharmacies, purchases from well out of the region of the pharmacies. And these are opioid purchases we're talking about - excessively high percentages of sales of fentanyl patches and opioid oxycodone painkillers from some pharmacies and some of the larger pharmacies that RDC dealt with. So those are some of the things that the feds highlighted.","Two RDC executives face charges. What are they accused of?","Basically sort of being players in this whole, you know, alleged kind of ignorance or willing ignorance, I should say, of RDC's role in the opioid epidemic, the things we talked about - you know, just sort of closing your eyes to pharmacies that were obviously pushing painkilling prescription meds onto the streets in big numbers. And the allegations are that the former CEO, Larry Doud, and former compliance officer were key in allowing this to happen internally and just ignored all the signs. One has pleaded guilty and is cooperating. And Doud is facing the criminal charges.","You've talked a lot about the pharmacies here. And so I'm wondering, what about them?And what about the doctors making the orders?Are they being held accountable?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"excessively high percentages of sales\" - This turn's actual meaning is different from its literal meaning because \"excessively high\" means a lot or too much, but it is not necessarily related to a specific number or percentage.","questions":"Which word in turn 0 has a different actual meaning from its literal meaning?","answer":"Percentages"}
{"text":["The New York Mets lost 7 to 1 to the Milwaukee Brewers on Wednesday, but the real loser was their mascot, Mr.  Met. Mr.  Met has a huge white baseball of a head dappled with red stitching and embellished with a perpetual grin.","But as he left the playing field Wednesday night, Mr.  Met flipped a middle finger to a group of fans who posted it on Twitter - busted, Mr.  Met. The club apologized, and the team employee in the Mr.  Met costume that night has reportedly not returned. There were reports that fans heckled him, which fans deny.","The Mr.  Mets middle finger controversy poses a physical and philosophical question. Mr.  Met has four fingers on each hand. How can you say that any of them is a middle finger?Anyway, flipping the bird in New York, isn't that just how they say good morning in Queens?","(Singing) Well, everybody's heard about the bird - bird, bird, bird, the bird's the word. Well, bird, bird, bird, bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, bird - the bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, bird, bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, bird - the bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, bird's the word. Well, bird, bird, bird - the bird's the word. Well, bird, bird, bird, bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, bird's the word. Well, don't you know about the bird?Well, everybody knows that the bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, the bird's the word. . ."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The actual meaning of the statement is that Mr. Met's middle finger controversy is a reflection of the fact that in New York, flipping the bird is seen as a normal way of greeting someone.","questions":"What poses a physical and philosophical question?","answer":"Controversy"}
{"text":["He says it's incumbent on the press and on the media not to make it easy for celebrities to have these terribly serious transgressions alleged and be able to skate by on their charm, on their fame, on their accomplishments outside the arena of these allegations. He said, you know, it is precisely the inconvenient moment where you have all these stars - and Woody Allen is in South of France because of the debut of his new film.","And you have stars like Blake Lively, Jesse Eisenberg and others who are there, Steve Carell. And he says we should be hearing them asked what it's like to work with an alleged child molester - and by the way, those are his words, not mine - rather than asked, you know, what costumes were you wearing?How did you like your outfits?What was it like to work with this great director?","That's his argument. He says it's uncomfortable but these questions need to be asked, otherwise powerful people can get away with terrible things.","How do you feel about that?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : That's his argument. He says it's uncomfortable but these questions need to be asked, otherwise powerful people can get away with terrible things.\"  Implicated meaning: The speaker acknowledges that the questions being proposed might cause discomfort, but they are necessary to prevent powerful individuals from evading consequences for their atrocious deeds. Without asking these challenging questions, there is a risk of enabling the privileged to escape accountability for their actions.","questions":"Which individuals can evade consequences for their actions without the challenging questions being asked?","answer":"Powerful"}
{"text":["Has the United States done this before - taken back citizens who have some connection to ISIS fighters?","We know of one previous case. That's of Samantha El Hassani and her four children, who were repatriated to the U. S.  She's now standing trial in Indiana in a federal court, accused of providing material support to terrorism. Although, she's pleading not guilty, saying, you know, her husband dragged her to Syria. The U. S.  has said that they want to take back citizens. And President Trump has even urged in a tweet for other countries to take their citizens back. But it's not a blanket acceptance of people from Syria. The State Department says they're looking at the individuals on a case-by-case basis. And there is the ongoing controversial case of Hoda Muthana. She was born in New Jersey. She's been previously issued with U. S.  passports, but the U. S.  is challenging her citizenship status because her father is Yemeni.","As you point out, this is not just about U. S.  citizens. Tens of thousands of people went to Syria and Iraq to join ISIS. How are other countries handling this with their own citizens?","Well, as you say, it's a huge problem. So we're looking at about 46 other countries who are having to deal with this at the moment. And there's 13,000 women and children in the camps in Syria as well as the men in prisons. Some people have - some countries have taken their citizens back, like Kazakhstan and Sudan. But a lot of countries in Europe are saying, you know, we don't want these people back. The U. K.  has gone as far as stripping some people of citizenship."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Not all citizens from Syria will be accepted back.","questions":"How many countries are mentioned as having to deal with repatriating citizens from Syria?","answer":"46"}
{"text":["Right. So there are a number of animal indicators that people look at when trying to predict winter weather, and those mostly fall in the category of folklore. In other words, there aren't any studies which demonstrate any true relationship between animal behavior or, for example, acorn\/squirrel behavior prior to winter and how harsh a winter it's going to be. One of the favorites is the wooly caterpillar. And there are those who say the brown segment in the middle of that caterpillar, if it's wide, it's going to be warm. If it's narrow, it's going to be cold. And that's a long-standing folklore, but there's really no established scientific literature which validates those sorts of predictions.","Myth busted here on SCIENCE FRIDAY. Thanks for joining us today, Jason Samenow.","You bet. It was a pleasure. Thank you.","Jason Samenow is the chief meteorologist for the Capital Weather Gang at The Washington Post."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There is no scientific evidence to support the belief that certain animal behaviors can predict winter weather","questions":"Which animal behavior is believed to predict winter weather according to folklore?","answer":"Caterpillar"}
{"text":["My grandparents were raised during the Great Depression and spent the rest of their lives hoarding rubber bands, bacon grease, and batteries. It used to fill me with embarrassment that they would actually rinse out Zip-Loc bags and reuse them. Poor people, I thought. Don't they know there's always more?I was raised in the disposable generation of styrofoam boxes and plastic water bottles. If something ran out, you simply got a new one.","But this year, we are re-evaluating not just how we spend our money, but also the lessons we pass on to a new generation. The other day, I made Emmeline a skirt out of a men's sport coat once sold exclusively at the Watergate Hotel. You can't buy that kind of fashion statement at Target.","On our most recent trip, Emmeline's glowery mood changed when she happened upon a shirt decorated with farm animals and said, ooh, now doesn't this look nice?I examined it and agreed, asking, what do you want to do with it?Emmeline twirled her toe on the speckled Formica floor and thought it over for a moment. A smile widened on her face, oh, I think that will make just the prettiest dress. Her latest outfit cost a dollar 50.","Mike Adamick is a stay-at-home dad living in San Francisco."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Mike Adamick is a stay-at-home dad living in San Francisco.\"  This turn has a literal meaning. The speaker is providing straightforward information about Mike Adamick's occupation and place of residence.","questions":"Which city does Mike Adamick live in?","answer":"SanFrancisco"}
{"text":["Well, Manafort has a second case. That case is here in Washington, D. C. He pleaded guilty to two conspiracy charges. This is a case that was also brought by special counsel Robert Mueller. Manafort, in D. C, agreed to cooperate with the government. That cooperation deal collapsed after the special counsel's team essentially said that he lied to investigators about a number of things.","The presiding judge in D. C. , Judge Amy Berman Jackson, agreed with the government. The maximum sentence that Manafort faces here in D. C.  is 10 years. Now, the question that hangs over all of this is whether Judge Jackson here in D. C.  is going to make him serve, whatever sentence she gives him, simultaneously or stagger it. So is he going to get another 10 years in addition to what he got in Virginia?","Any chance of a presidential pardon?","The president has not taken that entirely off the table, but his lawyers say it's not under discussion."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"The question that hangs over all of this is whether Judge Jackson here in D.C. is going to make him serve, whatever sentence she gives him, simultaneously or stagger it.\" - The actual meaning here is that the question is whether Manafort will have to serve his sentence in D.C. in addition to the sentence he received in Virginia, or whether the sentences will be served at the same time.","questions":"How will Manafort's sentences be served in D.C.?","answer":"Simultaneously"}
{"text":["They were still very poor. She still was saddled with this really enormous burden of caring for a child who's both extremely physically disabled and HIV positive, and I think she really struggled with - you know, she wanted to live, and she still is doing very well, but she also - she had these demons that kept pursuing her, I think.","You have a really interesting section where you talk about basically ethical decisions that reporters have to make. And, in essence, you say reporters, most reporters, wouldn't think anything of taking a government minister out for a fancy dinner, but they wouldn't buy mealy-meal and vegetables for a poor family. And yet they're extracting the same, if not more, amounts of information from the poor family as from the government minister.","You made a decision in some of these cases to really try to help the family. How did you make that decision?","Well, I mean, I think I realized from the very beginning when I was starting the process of doing research for this book that I wasn't going to be able to maintain a completely objective journalistic stance, you know, if the idea was to go back again and again over a long period. And you know, one of the advantages of writing a book as opposed to a newspaper article or something shorter is that you do have the luxury of being able to explain that relationship to the readers."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In turn (2), the phrase \"taking a government minister out for a fancy dinner\" and \"buy mealy-meal and vegetables for a poor family\" are not meant to be taken literally. Instead, they represent the difference in treatment and priorities that reporters have towards those in positions of power versus those who are marginalized or disadvantaged.","questions":"What do the phrases \"taking a government minister out for a fancy dinner\" and \"buy mealy-meal and vegetables for a poor family\" represent?","answer":"Difference"}
{"text":["Oh, man, so I actually called my employees and told them they don't have to come in the next day because it was going to be freezing. And I don't want. . .","Yeah. You're in the real estate business I gather, right?","I am in the real estate business. I'm a real estate investor. But as I laid there in bed about to watch some TV and have a glorious day, what happens is I got to thinking. And I told my husband - and I said, you know what?Let's go rent 20 hotel rooms. And he said, that's fine, but how are we going to get all these people to these hotel rooms?And so I went on social media and I posted, hey, I'm renting 20 hotel rooms for the homeless. If anyone has a van or a passenger van that will help me transport the homeless to the hotel, I'll pay you. And it went completely viral. It allowed us to go from 20 rooms to 59 rooms for four nights. And I'm at the hotel now, and there are still - people are just pulling up now trying to give donations to pay for more nights.","You've met a lot of the people that you've helped out, I gather."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : He is implying that she helps a lot of people.","questions":"Which people did she help?","answer":"Homeless"}
{"text":["So in your polling, in your research, do you find that it's going to come down to maybe a couple thousand votes from these unaffiliated voters and on what issues?Or will they vote?","It is likely at the moment to be a very narrow victory. President Bush won in 2004 with five percent. That was 100,000 votes. In other words, if it is one percent, that would be 20,000 votes, and right now, the polls are moving around in just single percentage points. So it could be that narrow.","Now, I have read that Colorado is going to be this year's Florida and Ohio, that this is going to be the state that decides the election.","I think it could be, and the interesting thing is that Obama and Palin were both in Jefferson County a couple of days ago, indicating that there may be actually even a county that could be looked at to be beyond an entire state."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The actual meaning of the turn is different from its literal meaning. The turn is using hyperbole to suggest that the county of Jefferson in Colorado could be a key factor in deciding the election, despite the fact that it is only one of many counties in the state and there are other swing states in the election.","questions":"How does turn 3 use hyperbole?","answer":"County"}
{"text":["You know, between the flooding issues and river issues and then the trade war and the tariff war with China and also the renegotiation during the old NAFTA, we had a number of trade issues that were kind of tossed up in the air, and we're waiting for the puzzle pieces to fall back down in place.","I mean, I think in the Midwest and agriculture in general, you know, supported the president early on in improving trade relations with China. But unfortunately those in the livestock industry and soybean producers are taking the brunt of the hit.","Well, what would you like to see specifically from this trade deal, if they ever reach a deal?","We'd definitely like to have our full trade ratio, I guess you'd say. The amount of trade we were doing with China back a year ago - we'd love to see that back."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"puzzle pieces to fall back down in place\" - This is a metaphorical phrase used to describe the resolution of trade issues. It means that the trade issues need to be sorted out and resolved before the situation can return to normal.","questions":"What phrase describes the resolution of trade issues metaphorically?","answer":"Metaphorical"}
{"text":["Well, I think they're convening a panel tomorrow to discuss it once more. Declaring a public health emergency of international concern has big implications. So the closing of borders - you know, these are border towns. People - their livelihoods are dependent on being able to cross borders and do business.","Yeah.","Refugees who are fleeing armed conflict in DRC not being able to come into Uganda. So it - there are some serious implications on making that declaration, and I'm sure those will be considered.","How hopeful are you that this outbreak can be contained?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Declaring a public health emergency of international concern has serious implications on border towns and people's livelihoods.","questions":"Which livelihoods are impacted by declaring a public health emergency of international concern?","answer":"People's"}
{"text":["(Through interpreter) I realized that an Indigenous woman had never been a part of Miss Panama before. When I decided to enter the competition and all of Panama realized that I was Indigenous, many people discriminated against me. This made me reflect and say, OK.  Now that I'm here, I have the opportunity to change their thinking, so I wanted to promote my culture. I decided to wear my cultural dress, the nagua, and demonstrate to the whole world how much Indigenous culture is worth in our country.","And speaking of discrimination, when you were running for Miss Panama, a rumor surfaced that you were actually from Venezuela. And you had to prove that you grew up on the comarca, the implication, I guess, being that someone as beautiful as you couldn't be Indigenous. That must have been painful.","(Through interpreter) Yes, of course. Yes. They made a fake passport saying I was Venezuelan, that my dad was European, that I wasn't even Indigenous. It hurt me because, for my whole life, I've just tried to be who I am. And because of this rumor, I had to prove my citizenship so that the country would know that I am actually Panamanian. There were so many accusations, and I had to defend myself in one way or another.","You've spoken both at the United Nations and the Organization of American States. And you told the ambassadors and officials there that Indigenous people in the Americas are considered inferior, uneducated, are discriminated against. How has your community experienced that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : She probably did not literally say \"OK\" etc. The implication is simply that she thought these types of things and decided to act upon them.","questions":"How did the contestant want to promote her culture?","answer":"Change"}
{"text":["Thank you.","Are there drawbacks to this kind of partnership?","Are there drawbacks to partnering with Bashar al-Assad?None that I can think of, Scott.","None that I can - of course, there are practical drawbacks. Which is to say when you partner or with a lying terrorist, it's not a stable relationship. They're not really good at stable relationships except with other lying terrorists. And there are profound moral consequences to this. And you know, you don't envy Barack Obama in this situation because he doesn't want to be a partner - in a perverse way, partner - with this terrible man and this terrible regime. On the other hand, if you can remove the chemical weapons from Syria, and that's an enormous if, who wouldn't jump at that chance?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A is being sarcastic in response to B's question and implies that there are many drawbacks to partnering with Bashar al-Assad.","questions":"Which Syrian leader is mentioned in turn 2?","answer":"Bashar-al-Assad"}
{"text":["Yeah, I don't think there's been a response to it yet - not that I've seen. And I guess, you know, it puts a cloud on it. The special relationship was given a boost by the birth of Meghan's and Prince Harry's baby. And that was seen as sort of a good omen ahead of this visit, unfortunately, now is being, obviously, overshadowed by what Donald Trump has said. That may be a prelude to what he may say about other people here.","And I think the concern is that Donald Trump will use this and kind of abuse the invitation. He'll be given all the kind of welcome that he can expect in a royal visit. But is he going to return the favor, or is he going to bring up these tricky diplomatic issues, which are kind of flies in the ointment in the relationship as it currently stands?","So, Dominic, what I'm hearing from you is that there's a great deal of apprehension from the actual government that invited him. So is anything likely to come out of this trip that might be beneficial to the United Kingdom?","Well, if you talk to diplomats that - and their answer is that these state visits are hugely important. But in the background, there's a lot of sort of diplomatic nitty-gritty going on. There's a lot of business deals being made. And the hope is that this continues to cement that relationship, which we're told is greater than the sort of personal relationship currently in the heart of it."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Puts a cloud on it\" is not literal. There's no cloud involved. It just means something negative happened wthat overshadows an otherwise positive situation.","questions":"Which phrase is used metaphorically to describe the negative impact on an otherwise positive situation in turn 0?","answer":"Cloud"}
{"text":["What do you think - if this decision is permanent, what do you think the U. S.  will miss by not being a member of UNESCO?","Oh, I think the U. S.  will miss a lot. It's a big loss for the United Nations family because we are part of this family. It is a big role for multilateralism. But I believe it is also a loss for the U. S.","Irina Bokova is director general of UNESCO. Thanks so much for joining us.","Thank you very much for inviting me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker is asking the listener to provide their opinion on the potential consequences of the U.S. withdrawing from UNESCO.","questions":"How will the U.S. be impacted by withdrawing from UNESCO according to A?","answer":"lot"}
{"text":["So this will help the basketball players and then also the track events. But the good thing is obviously with these developments - the wheelchairs (unintelligible) through the people, you know, everyday people that use wheelchairs, and it will mean it's more lightweight for them to lift, say, in and out of vehicles.","And some of this stuff then filters in back to the general public.","Yeah, I mean, and that's a great thing, you know, the flow sort of from elite to high street, as we refer to it, is great. So you start seeing that, for example, with push bikes. We see a lot of that now available, helmet design from bikes, you say that. Swimwear is another thing that we see a lot of technology flowing into the high street.","Let's talk about swimwear because there was a kind of swimwear that was used and is now banned, and something new is taking its place."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Advancements in wheelchair technology will make it easier for everyday wheelchair users to lift them in and out of vehicles.","questions":"Which technology will make it easier for everyday wheelchair users to lift them?","answer":"Advancements"}
{"text":["Well, interestingly enough, Tracy and Amy have actually played husband and wife eight previous times in different productions. And so many of the audience members come in and actually mistake them for a real couple, which they are not, unlike Elizabeth Taylor and Richard Burton, who were a real couple. And so it's interesting. Onstage they do come across as two people who have been together forever with all of those ineffable qualities of love and marriage and cruelty.","I'll put the plot just this way: a small college town dinner party from hell, in which the host and hostess play destructive verbal games. So, how do you get an audience to watch a three-hour play of a dinner party that they'd probably want to leave from as soon as possible?","There's a lot of wit. Of course, Edward Albee's classic play. And on stage, they're in this confined space. Unlike the film, they can't the leave the room. They can't get in the car and drive around. And so I think they rely a lot on their physicality and the comedy of that, the destruction of that. It's really interesting to see them sort of reinterpret this play just in one space with completely new characters. And it's as if this play were written five years ago instead of 50.","To the best of your knowledge, did they update it or is it just that, is it that penetrating?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : none","questions":"How did the actors rely on their physicality in the play?","answer":"Physicality"}
{"text":["And that's despite the fact that medics there say they need more supplies, they don't have what they need.","Well, again, we have a very long and porous border with eastern Congo. So knowing exactly where cases may come across is always a difficult thing to know. But we, the U. S.  government, as well as WHO and other partners, have been working very assiduously with the government of Uganda over the last 11 months while this outbreak has been going on in eastern Congo to help build their capacity. Supplies are always a challenge in terms of supply chain, moving things where they need to go. But we feel fairly comfortable that the ability to respond and respond quickly exists here in Uganda.","You mentioned this long and porous border. So the first case in Uganda was this 5-year-old boy who reportedly went to Congo, got the virus there then came back to Uganda with his grandmother, and they both passed. How are the borders being handled?Is security being stepped up?","Since the outbreak in DRC in August of last year, we have worked, along with other partners, with the government of Uganda, to establish screening along the border posts."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It implies that the massive border between Uganda and Eastern Congo has made it difficult to monitor the spread of the virus.","questions":"Which outbreak has been going on for 11 months in eastern Congo?","answer":"Response"}
{"text":["You mentioned Slate, which is one of the - it's in the corporate umbrella that you are. And there's also - Henry Louis Gates Jr. , he is obviously an academic superstar and a media superstar. He's played a major role in this organization and in popularizing genealogical research.","But how does the magazine try to bring together the news part with the genealogy part, where you have, actually, links to AfricanDNA. com?","Right. The two parts of the site - the site now has two core missions - the magazine and the tools-based part of the site, which is The Root's part of the site. And where it makes sense, there will be a crossover between those two functions. There's an essay that we've got coming in today from someone who's well known, who's doing an essay on researching her family history.","And it's in written form, so it'll run in the magazine. And so that is a direct connection to The Root's part of the site. But I don't think we'll always force the two things to be connected. What I would hope is that people who come to the site for - maybe if we have political junkies who are coming to the site tomorrow to see what our take is on Super Tuesday, that they would come to the site, read a good article and then maybe jump over and try to start building their family tree by the same token."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The literal meaning of this phrase is that the site has two primary purposes. The actual meaning, however, could be interpreted as suggesting that the magazine and the tools-based part of the site serve as the foundational elements that make up the larger site.","questions":"Which part of the site serves as the foundational elements for the larger site?","answer":"Magazine"}
{"text":[". . . and you put your own video together out of this.","Right. So he has this whole collection of different embryos at different stages, and they - you measure age of embryo based - its postovulatory age. So it's very hard to tell exactly when the embryo was conceived, but you can kind of estimate based on ovulation. And so you look and you can see after 28 days what it looks like, after 42 days. And he's put together, actually, these sort of amazing time lapses so you can watch these changes over time.","And in talking to Smith, he's really thought a lot about what - why we have such a strong reaction to looking at embryos, and he's found this firsthand. I mean, and he gets emails all the time and sort of unpacks these questions, like, you know, is it - when you look at these pictures, does it strike you as more human or less human than you would have imagined, he asks. This is what he asked audience when he shows them. What is your experience with seeing these pictures in the past?You know, he said imagine 300 or 400 years ago, would - how would people imagine what an embryo is?This is a technologically. . .","Yeah. Yeah."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  implies that the interlocutor agrees with the previous statement and is encouraging the speaker to continue talking.","questions":"How did the interlocutor respond to the PersonA's statement in turn 3?","answer":"Agrees"}
{"text":["Hey, Tony.","So, a recent New York Times article detailed Oprah Winfrey's growing influence, I should say, in Saudi Arabia, of all places. What's that about?","Well, yeah. \"The Oprah Show\" first broadcast in Saudi Arabia in November 2004, and it became an instant hit with women 25 and younger in that country, according to the Times. Now, the article reads, in a country where the sexes are separated, Ms.  Winfrey provides many young women with new ways of thinking without striking them, or Saudi Arabia's ruling authorities as subversive. So, you know, Oprah, love her or hate her, is always a flash point for conversation. And on our blog, Jessica writes, it's amazing to see a down to earth black woman from Mississippi appeal to so many different people here in the U. S.  and in other countries. Another reader named Zakita Jones(ph) says, I'm awed at how fast different forms of globalization are taking off and reaching other countries, but Candice James(ph) writes, Oprah works my last nerve. Saudi Arabia can have her!","Speaking of women's issues, another hot topic on our blog this week, women who are choosing to be single mothers. What's been the response?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Oprah Winfrey's show provides young Saudi Arabian women new ideas.","questions":"What country's women were drawn to Oprah Winfrey's show?","answer":"SaudiArabia."}
{"text":["You have more than one toe.","OK. Right now we don't have any big toes. A big toe was swallowed in 2013 on purpose. And then we were using the alternate toe, but that only lasted for about two and a half years and just literally fell apart. So now we're working on what we call the secondary toes next to the big toe. So we're looking for big toes. If anybody out there has an extra big toe, we would really like it.","And, apart from the toe, what exactly goes into a sour toe cocktail.","OK. According to Yukon Health, it has to be served in 80-proof alcohol. So that could be whiskey, rum, tequila. The traditional is Yukon Jack. Captain Dick Stevenson's favorite drink - he's the guy who started the toe in 1973."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) is that the toe must be served in a specific type of alcohol.","questions":"What type of alcohol is required for serving the sour toe cocktail?","answer":"Yukon-Jack"}
{"text":["Yeah, bubbly jock. And an owl is a hoolet. And that, again, is based on the sound that it makes. And - but my favorite is a wood pigeon, is a cushie-doo.","That is an absolutely dead-on approximation of its sound.","Isn't it lovely?So a frog is a puddock and sparrow is a speug. So I've never used speug in a sentence, but when I was a boy, we used puddock. So I don't go around trying to convince everybody that my culture's better than theirs, but sometimes it suits my face better. It sits nicely in my mouth.","And explaining your culture, it goes with the way you do your material. You don't tell jokes, per se."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Comparing animals names to the sound they make","questions":"What is the name of the animal that is compared to the sound it makes?","answer":"Wood"}
{"text":["You know, Renee, this was the week Kamala Harris found out what happens when a candidate breaks out in a debate and gets in the face of the frontrunner. You get a bump in the polls, but it comes with a lot of attention, much of it critical. And people take a longer look at your own positions on, say, busing and other issues as well. And we also saw headlines about how she and her husband made their money. We see folks on Twitter questioning her racial origins, which, by the way, caused her rival candidates to rally around in her defense, including Joe Biden.","And what about Joe Biden?He's trying to recover ground lost in those debates.","He's been doing television interviews and trying to talk about his sort of multipart position on busing over the years, and talk about his endorsements from African Americans who are local and state officials in key states. It's very early. The field is shifting. And if Biden can ride his ship in time for the debates at the end of this month, he'll still be the one the other candidates are coming after.","NPR senior editor and correspondent Ron Elving, thanks for joining us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : You get a rise in the number of people supporting you on a poll.","questions":"How does attention come with a bump in the polls for a candidate who breaks out in a debate?","answer":"Attention"}
{"text":["Right, I got the love of that from my grandfather. He was a Brooklyn Dodger fan going all the way back to the 1930s. And when I was a kid, I was a Mets fan, and this is in the late '70s or early '80s. There really wasn't a lot of good things to talk about when you're a Mets fan. So I would sit on the porch with my grandfather, and he would start talking to me about the old Brooklyn Dodgers. And, you know, he'd talk about people like Dazzy Vance and Duke Snider and Jackie Robinson, but then he'd start talking about a guy named Pete Reiser. Pete played in the early 1940s. And he would get this glazed look in his eye - this sad, faraway look - when he would tell about Pete Reiser. And he would say that he was probably the best ballplayer that ever played. And I was fairly well-read as a kid on baseball history, but I had never heard of Pete Reiser. So it made me get into baseball history and try to find those players that had an interesting story, which led me to find out what had happened to Pete Reiser and his career.","There are people who will tell you that Pete Reiser was the best of all time, except for the fact he kept running into walls.","He is credited with having five outfield collisions, and 11 times he was carried away off the field on a stretcher. Nine of those times he was unconscious. And today, he's the reason why Major League Baseball has padded outfield walls.","Another name that has been lost to history - Steve Dalkowski."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) Implied meaning: The speaker's interest in baseball history was sparked by his grandfather's stories about the Brooklyn Dodgers and a player named Pete Reiser, who was considered by his grandfather to be one of the best ballplayers ever despite not being well-known.","questions":"Which player's name did the grandfather mention that made him get into baseball history?","answer":"Pete-Reiser"}
{"text":["Well, I think - you know, I think there's always a push and pull between the White House and the State Department. But this was a little bit different because I certainly had not seen situations in which State - because it was being so very gutted and because we didn't have many senior officials - was getting left out of so much that was being attempted.","Have you seen a shift within the State Department since Mike Pompeo has come onboard?Obviously, Rex Tillerson oversaw a reduction of staff. We saw 60 percent of high-level, career State Department diplomats leave the service, you among them. Has that trend reversed itself under Mike Pompeo?","There are very encouraging signs in terms of Secretary Pompeo's attention to management issues, lifting hiring freezes, trying to move forward. Those are relatively narrow in scope of what he's trying to do right now. And I think in terms of policy changes, it's impossible to tell whether those will make a difference in terms of either retention of people or attraction of new people, et cetera. So my view right now is, you know, sort of we'll see. But it is always better for the State Department to have in place a secretary who has the president's ear and has a good relationship with him. So in that respect, I think most State Department officials are pleased. But it's early days yet.","That was Roberta Jacobson, the former U. S.  ambassador to Mexico. We'll be taking WEEKEND EDITION to Mexico this coming week, where we'll get the view from our neighbor to the south ahead of their pivotal elections. That's a week from today."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The state department was loosing a great many employees.","questions":"What was the trend of high-level, career State Department diplomats leaving the service under Rex Tillerson?","answer":"Reduction"}
{"text":["Yeah. Millions of dollars. And they actually - the Coogan Law at this moment though actually only protects about 15 percent of a child's earning. And so there's a whole 85 percent that goes somewhere else. And the parents can use it for various things. And the child can use it but, you know, when you're a child you're not going to make most sound financial decisions.","And you end up seeing a lot of child stars actually growing up and getting emancipated from their parents because they don't like the way that their parents have handled their money. And there are other loopholes around it too, like they can appear - they have to appear in front of a court to say that they can do this. But the ones who don't appear in front of a court, they don't have to necessarily pay attention to those rules. And there are a lot of loopholes and sadly there are lot of parents using their kids to make money.","Well, Mara Wilson, thank you very much for your time today. We appreciate your insight. I love the picture of Alfred Hitchcock, who you say once described actors as cattle. And your line, please?","That would make child actors veal."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : She believes that child actors are like cattle to be used by others.","questions":"How does PersonA compare child actors to a type of meat?","answer":"Veal"}
{"text":["Someone who might be a public interest lawyer who decides to go to Wall Street instead because the money is better there, someone who might like to be a teacher making a little money, but decides, instead, to take a job, you know, in retail sales or in corporate because again the money is there. They lose, but we all lose. And I think that that's the challenge right now is that the nation loses when we are not in a position to invest and provide opportunities for every young person, and again, I'd say not-so young person.","We have students at Bennett who were returning students in their 30s, 40s and even 50s. And so we want every student and every person to have the opportunity to maximize. This is the kind of economy where people really don't maximize; where, instead, as you said they're careful; they're hoarding, they're not spending. So even this little $300 of the so-called stimulus package is going to put out there, a lot of people are going to put that away.","Well\u2026","A lot people are going to say, well, I'm not going to spend that money. I'm going to wait for a rainy day."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) is the turn whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning. The speaker is not talking about waiting for an actual rainy day but rather saving the money for future needs or emergencies. The phrase \"wait for a rainy day\" is a common idiom used to refer to saving money for a future time of need or unexpected expenses.","questions":"How is the phrase \"wait for a rainy day\" being used in the dialogue?","answer":"Saving"}
{"text":["It was absolute - you're absolutely correct. Our time is out, but I'm going to ask you about this before I let you go. Talking about perfect performances, two people strolled in to New York's Madison Square Garden and lit up the Knicks back to back, Kobe Bryant 61 on one night and LeBron James, I think, it was 52 the next night and a triple double.","All I can say is thank god for the Knicks.","And, you know what?And the Knicks are even actually better than they were before and then they still let people come in there and just spank them like crazy.","That's what we do."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : thank god for the Knicks impling the Knicks made it possible to happen... ","questions":"Which team did Kobe Bryant and LeBron James play against at Madison Square Garden?","answer":"Knicks"}
{"text":["Now for a little news I could use - book recommendations. My Memorial Day weekend starts right after the show. And like most people, I'm looking for summer reads, something to put in my bag next to my SPF 100. Normally I would solicit recommendations on social media. But today I don't have to because WEEKEND EDITION books editor Barrie Hardymon joins me in studio now. Hey, Barrie.","Hi. I also have sunscreen recommendations for later if you want them.","(Laughter) First I want to start off with what I would ask you, is that my favorite kind of summer read is just the frothy page-turner, the one book that everyone's reading that HBO or Netflix is going to turn into a movie or TV show sometime next year.","You want your basic \"Gone Girl. \""],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : it does not mean \"gone Girl\" but something like \"gone girl\"","questions":"What type of book does PersonA suggest for a summer read?","answer":"GoneGirl"}
{"text":["So after the wasp sneaks under, it stings the tarantula. Then what does the wasp do?","Paralysis sets in almost instantaneously. In a second or two the tarantula is completely incapacitated, but still alive. And the tarantula hawk will then drag that tarantula to a burrow. So this could be the tarantula's own burrow. It could be a burrow that the tarantula hawk has dug itself. And it'll drag the tarantula down in there and place the tarantula upside down and it'll lay a single egg on the body of the tarantula. In a few days, that egg will hatch and the larvae will begin to feed on the living tarantula.","And the spider is still paralyzed.","That's right. So interestingly enough, if the egg doesn't hatch, the tarantula can actually recover and go on its way. But more often that larvae will hatch and eat its way into the living but still paralyzed tarantula, and it'll feed on that tarantula for several weeks. And at least some species will selectively feed on non-vital organs first to keep the tarantula alive longer."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) \"And the spider is still paralyzed.\" implies that the previous statement about the tarantula being completely incapacitated but still alive was correct, and that the paralysis has not yet worn off. However, the statement itself is quite literal in its meaning.","questions":"What happens to the tarantula after the wasp stings it?","answer":"Drag"}
{"text":["Some folks get a little bit cranky about having to work on the holiday. It's a day that, you know, most of us spend with our family and friends. How do you feel about working on a day that most people get off?","Folks that work in NASA have a common bond of a real passion for the space program. So, we wouldn't be here if we didn't have that. And obviously, we'd like to be with our families, but if we can't be there, then the next best place to be is working on a space mission.","So, you know, we've been doing a space station for 10 years straight, and there's been someone here every year for every holiday. And beyond holidays even, you know, one of the crew members on board is having their wedding anniversary just yesterday, and tomorrow's one of the birthdays of one of the flight directors working the flight.","So, we all kind of take care and bond together and take care of each other. And we're having a Thanksgiving dinner here that management's all bringing in for the flight controllers that are working, and we try to shift people out so that, you know, there's three shifts so that people do get some time at home."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Efforts are made to provide a sense of community and celebration among the workers","questions":"What kind of celebration is being held for the flight controllers?","answer":"Dinner"}
{"text":["Investors are ecstatic about central bankers working there. Listen to this, the German DAX Index up about 10 percent, the French CAC 40, up more than nine percent. Now, they are both measures like the Dow 30, which on Wall Street jumped 500 points in the morning.","In Britain, Prime Minister Gordon Brown put $65 billion of government money into three British banks. NPR's Rod Gifford is in London. We're going to him. Rob, hello. I think that people are saying it is this British plan, the so-called British plan that seems to be may be spurring a little bit of a recovery around the world. What is the British government doing, and what does it want in return?","Well, as you say, Alex, Gordon Brown is getting a lot of kudos from this, because he was the one who put this plan forward last week. What they're doing, as you say, is to put a lot of government money that is taxpayer's money, $65 billion worth of it, into three British banks into order to - they hope - free up the bank to bank lending, and the whole crisis of confidence that has struck British banks as it has done elsewhere.","In return - some very important conditions they want in return. Right upfront, leaders of these banks that have got into trouble must step down. Bonuses are being frozen for other executives who stay on and crucially, the demand that these banks maintain mortgage lending and small-business lending at 2007 levels, levels of last year."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The British government has set important conditions in exchange for bank bailouts.","questions":"Which government has set important conditions for bank bailouts?","answer":"British"}
{"text":["Out of respect, I don't want to go there, out of curiosity I do.","How much are you willing to tell us about how your innocence was stolen from you?","Well, growing up in a Christian family, you would have thought what happened to me would never happen because my mother loved me and she was very much aware of who I am, but I was a very mature little girl. And at 14, I was allowed to have a crush on a man who was 21. And because he was worldly, and had money, and he'd been in the Navy, you know, and I was, like, all little girls seek older men and we go, Oh my God, he's so cute. Oh my God, oh my God, oh my God.","Well, somehow in there my father wasn't watching, my mother was watching very closely and thought she could handle the situation and she allowed this relationship to happen. It should not have happened. I should not have been allowed to date a man, it made me have insecurities at an early age that I should never have had, but a man who could manipulate a little girl's mind and her heart. He was allowed to do things he shouldn't have done."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A had an inappropriate relationship with an older man at a young age.","questions":"Which age was PersonA when she started dating the older man?","answer":"14"}
{"text":["That's one of the projects, yeah, that I followed in the book. Can we build a limb that is basically indistinguishable from a natural arm?So if you're missing an arm, you get this new prosthetic that can sense and move and operate like a natural arm. And that's typically ambitious, and they call that DARPA-hard. Let's try something that just seems completely insane, totally, you know, crazy ambitious. And in that case, they didn't get there. They didn't quite get to that point, but they did get a lot of these technologies in motion for controlling a robot with mind power alone, for instance.","Yeah. How do they ensure that they keep getting new cutting-edge thoughts inside of DARPA?","That's one of the challenges, and that's one of the reasons I was able to write this book, too, because they need to get the word out. They need to find people out there who've got these ideas, who want to pitch them to DARPA. Or come to work for DARPA as a program manager because DARPA program managers, they all leave. After two to six years, they're gone. Their expiration dates are printed on their ID badges. So they've got this turnover, 25 percent every single year.","And they also have a deadline, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : DARPA needs new ideas from people who want to work for them.","questions":"Which organization needs new ideas from potential employees?","answer":"DARPA"}
{"text":["Yeah.","Now, from what I hear you saying, you don't want to clean it out. You want to get more stuff in there. You're going to be cleaning out the good bacteria, would you not?","Well, that is a possibility. Although if you have problems, you clearly have some bad bacteria there that would be - that you could possibly clear out as well. What we're thinking is that perhaps something like a nasal clear out with saline are indeed anti-microbial, coupled with these rehabilitation approaches. So when you it clear it out, that you reinstate the appropriate organisms at that site, that that might be the best approach we could take for treatment.","And that, you know, 15 percent of chronic rhinosinusitis sufferers are - have good outcomes and resolved their disease symptoms with anti-microbials. So clearly, we're missing a part of the picture. We're currently - there's something missing that we need to add, and we think it's restoration of these organisms that may actually maintain a balanced immune response of these site and protect these mucosal surfaces. We actually think that something kind of an equivalent of a microbial shield at these sites (unintelligible)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A suggests using anti-microbial and rehabilitation approaches to clear out bad bacteria and reinstate appropriate organisms.","questions":"How does PersonA propose to reinstate appropriate organisms at the infected site?","answer":"Reinstate"}
{"text":["Let's talk for a second about the geopolitics of the region. The Sinai Peninsula is a giant desert. It borders Israel. And that is where Islamic militants have focused many of their recent attacks, but this is a change.","Yes. Thus far, they have been focused primarily on the police and the military in what they claim is a social justice war, so to speak. They're opposing the regime, claiming it's illegitimate and that they want to essentially become the new rulers of Egypt with they're very warped and skewed interpretation of Islam.","Now, that's not to say that civilians have not been killed in the process. And, in fact, if you're suspected of being a cooperator with the Egyptian state, they - ISIS will behead you in a very grotesque way to set an example. However, this is the first time that we've seen them go after a mosque in this way. Now, they have gone after churches and - because part of their kind of terroristic agenda is to kill anyone that they believe is not worthy of living in this Islamic state that they seek to create. And Christians have been common targets. But for them to go after Muslims is quite unprecedented.","This is a Sufi mosque, a mystical form of Islam. Would that have been a factor?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The ISIS terrorist attack in Egypt is now on both Christians who were their initial target to their fellow Muslims.","questions":"What was the target of the ISIS terrorist attack in Egypt?","answer":"Mosque"}
{"text":["Thank you.","In general, these hearings, the questioning has been chopped up into five-minute increments back and forth between Democrats and Republicans. Do you think this works, especially for something where we know that there are two very distinct narratives and a great deal of polarization?","I think it can be very productive given the fact that they are planning for it. They are rehearsing. They're having mock sessions - at least the Democrats are, Republicans may be doing something similar - because the five-minute increments are highly disruptive. A trend of questioning tends to peter out at - given five-minute switch from the Republicans to the Democrats and vice versa. So I'm looking for a rather smooth hearing on this one.","Do you think by rehearsing what the Democrats are trying to do is sort of develop a line of questioning and try and get a coherent narrative in place?","Well, the first part of this hearing, I actually testified back in June, and I know that the Democrats at least are preparing for these sort of things in a very conscientious way. And I learned it because they said, listen; when you're out there, we are going to ask you questions about A, B, C, D and E.  And they said they would have graphics for that. I didn't watch the hearings after I testified, but I did see the graphics when they were asking me about them. And that's really a process of building a record as well of what is very important to understand in this event."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It is not chopped but divided bluntly into increments.","questions":"Which word describes the way the questioning is divided?","answer":"Divided"}
{"text":["And a very talented sister who I think is quite equal to the task of containing Schwarzenegger.","Well, here is my question to you. You talked about the state controller, who - you are very correct - said that he would defy the governor's order and not roll back those salaries. But can he do that?Can he get away with defying the governor in this way?","Well, he has his own constitutional authority, and I think that this may be a case that goes to the California Supreme Court. I mean, if he chooses - now, the challenge will be this. If he chooses not to issue checks on Schwarzenegger's executive order, can checks be issued at all?And that's a constitutional question. I don't know the answer to it. But you have these two key state officials clashing, both of them elected by the people of California. And I fully expect that there will be a compromise before the 1st of September, Tony. Again, I think that the governor is posturing. The governor has always been a fiscal conservative. He is not pleased with the way the budget negotiations are going. So he is making a point.","And he is making it, apparently, on the backs of some of the state workers, it appears."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This statement implies that the governor's actions are negatively impacting some state workers.","questions":"What is the impact of the governor's actions on some state workers?","answer":"Backs"}
{"text":["Correct. It was one of the first ones to come out like that, and so I had no idea it was different from any other game. I just thought it was another game. And he, within three months of playing it, he started - it started affecting his real life negatively. He lost his job. He got evicted from his apartment. By the way, he was 20 years old when he started playing this, so he was an adult. But very quickly it showed negative effects. His personality changed. He started becoming a different person. He became withdrawn, antisocial, depressed. His focus became gaming, and he no longer was concerned about his real life or his future.","When you think about your son, do you think that there were other underlying issues, whether it was depression or some other condition, that caused him to be susceptible to this?I mean, how do you balance that thought out?","I agree with that 100 percent. He had ADD, and from my experience, since 2002, probably 99 percent of the gamers that we've talked to who have problems with gaming have ADD. It seems to make them more susceptible.","Attention deficit."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The video game had a negative impact on the son's life.","questions":"Which aspect of the son's life was affected negatively by the video game?","answer":"real"}
{"text":["Linda Greenhouse is co-author of \"Before Roe v.  Wade: Voices that Shaped the Abortion Debate Before the Supreme Court's Ruling. \"She joins us by phone from her office in New Haven, where she now teaches at Yale Law School. Good to have you back on the program.","Oh, thanks very much.","And one of the documents you reprinted is the story of Dr.  Jane Hodgson. What's her part in Roe v.  Wade?","Well, she didn't have a direct part in Roe against Wade. Jane Hodgson was a very courageous obstetrician-gynecologist in St.  Paul, Minnesota in the early 1970s. Before Roe she was a Mayo Clinic-trained doctor. And she decided to test, to challenge the Minnesota criminal abortion law. She had a patient who had contracted German measles very early in her pregnancy. And people my age might remember, before there were immunizations, that there were epidemics of German measles that swept through the country, and when it hit somebody early in pregnancy, it had a very high probability of causing serious birth defects."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : German measles affected the people, it did not 'hit' them in a literal sense","questions":"Which term was used figuratively in the dialogue?","answer":"Swept"}
{"text":["Yes. In fact, he displays every symptom of chronic sleep deprivation as described by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine - difficulty processing information, paranoid tendencies, mood swings. The way he made statements that he actually had to retract, like banishing women who have abortion, shows that sleep deprivation is a slippery slope.","You tried to uphold an editorial policy early in the campaign about not covering Donald Trump as a political story but as an entertainment story. Then after, what, a couple - a few weeks or months, you found you couldn't do that.","Well, what happened is that we changed our policy the day that he proposed to ban 1. 6 billion Muslims from this country. The day he made this completely un-American pronouncement, we believe that covering him as a clear and present danger was legitimate.","How many times have you been doing interviews for this book and somebody has pretended to fall asleep on you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In turn (4), the question \"How many times have you been doing interviews for this book and somebody has pretended to fall asleep on you?\" is not asking about literal instances where someone has actually fallen asleep during an interview. Instead, it is likely implying that the interviews may have been boring or uninteresting for the interviewee, and therefore they may have appeared to be falling asleep as a way to show disinterest or disapproval.","questions":"Which question is likely not asking about literal instances of falling asleep during interviews?","answer":"3"}
{"text":["That is true. Although, I wouldn't call myself a dolphin trainer or any of that. I did start working with dolphins as a high school job, going into college, back in the 1970s.","And what did you do?","I started out there as a diver. I, you know, fancied myself a junior Jacques Cousteau. But in real terms, my job was to scrub tanks for the most part.","Are we looking at a new time in, what I'll call the display world, the museum world, the animal world, in which, I think, institutions that try and have animals available for people to get to know them are rethinking the whole terms of captivity?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is hinting that animal captivity may be in need of reform.","questions":"How is the speaker suggesting the animal captivity industry should be reevaluated?","answer":"Reform"}
{"text":[". . . and copied the symbols that most closely resembled the text. And we had a friend who lived across the street who was an artist, and he helped me translate it into proper copy. And then we resubmitted it to Stan.","And Stan was stuck.","And so he smiled, accepted defeat, and this became the first page of this book.","All right, so this came to light recently because Stanley Fischer was head of the Bank of Israel, and he's nominated to be vice chairman of the U. S.  Federal Reserve. Somebody got the idea that it was about time to find out what this is all about, I gather.","Somebody thought - somebody in my team thought that it would be fun to actually put this as a challenge, and basically promised a prize to whoever would be able to make sense of that page."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : Despite the initial difficulty, the team persevered and eventually succeeded in translating the text.","questions":"What did the team do despite the initial difficulty?","answer":"Persevered"}
{"text":["And that polio virus is thought to be non-zoonotic. It's thought to be a virus that only affects humans, but it's capable of passing from humans into chimps. So it seems to have made those chimps sick and killed some of them.","Likewise, the mountain gorillas of Rwanda and Uganda, when people visit those on - ecotourist adventures, they're not allowed to come closer than within about 15 feet. The gorillas are habituated. They're perfectly happy to have people nearby.","But the people who manage those gorilla populations are concerned that diseases, human diseases, will spill over into the mountain gorillas, which are an endangered subspecies and have a relatively small gene pool. So, yes, we have to be careful that we don't give diseases to wildlife also, especially wildlife that's closely related to us and that's endangered.","It seemed like many of the viruses you talk about in this book spilled over from bats, and I don't think of them as close relations to us particularly. But do we have. . ."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The mountain gorillas are habituated to humans and tourists, but human diseases could harm them.","questions":"What could harm the mountain gorillas?","answer":"Diseases"}
{"text":["I went out last night, actually, to try to catch some of the World Series. And some of the bars are starting to reopen. But everywhere that you go, the only power that people have is running off of generators or running off of some solar power. You really do not see people getting much power from the grid.","Do you see people at work on the power system?","You do - absolutely. I mean, this is like this incredible project that is happening all across the island. There are crews that are out there. You see them moving. But you also see that there are power lines down absolutely everywhere. I mean, you know, we are talking weeks after Maria came through, and they're just - you know, wires are still lying all over the place. You know, big towers are down. It's dominating the media. It's dominating the news everyday. This is the obsession in Puerto Rico right now - is the power.","People must be frustrated. Who are they blaming?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The power grid is unreliable due to generators and solar power being used instead.","questions":"How are people getting power in Puerto Rico?","answer":"generators"}
{"text":["Yeah.",". . . The right forecast probably wasn't (laughter) - 'cause no one's clairvoyant, it probably wasn't that, oh, it's going to be a conservative sweep. It was probably that hey, we don't know a lot and maybe there's a 15 or 20 percent chance that somehow they can maintain their majority. So I think, you know, when I say that I think our forecast was wrong and I don't want to make excuses for it, I think the part that was wrong is the part that was too narrow in terms of the margin of error.","Yeah. I've got to tell you, Mr.  Silver, you're not giving people much of an incentive to read FiveThirtyEight seriously if you're essentially backing away from the idea that you can reach any conclusions. That's why people read you.","Sometimes the right conclusion is to say that people are too sure of themselves, right?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : B: \"you're not giving people much of an incentive to read FiveThirtyEight seriously if you're essentially backing away from the idea that you can reach any conclusions.\" The literal meaning of this turn is that the speaker is expressing disappointment that the speaker is backing away from the idea of being able to reach any conclusions. The implied meaning is that the speaker expects FiveThirtyEight to provide clear conclusions and not leave room for uncertainty or ambiguity.","questions":"How does PersonB feel about FiveThirtyEight's ability to provide clear conclusions?","answer":"Disappointment"}
{"text":["It's - conservative - that about eight to 10,000 people died. And that this, to this day, is still the greatest natural disaster to hit this country in terms of devastation, in terms of death toll. It's almost hard to fathom how incredible - the power of this storm and what it did. It literally wiped a city off the map.","And you point out that after this happened, the idea that, you know, that Galveston really had only itself to blame. I mean, this was a natural port, and it was built on a sandbar. It was in most places only about 8 feet above sea level. And to have built it there in the first place would be crazy, and they rebuilt it anyway.","It really was a feat of engineering and of sheer willpower that they constructed a seawall - a 17-foot seawall that ran about three miles. But that wasn't enough. They realized that to protect downtown, they were going to have to raise it. So they literally raised about 500 buildings anywhere from 8 to 18 inches so that it was less susceptible to flooding.","As a weatherman, do you think that you can say now that what happened to Galveston is impossible, that it won't happen again?I don't mean that the storms won't happen again. I mean, Hurricane Katrina was a hideous storm that killed a lot of people, and the property loss was terrible. But do you think that the lessons of storms like that, but especially of Galveston, mean that the loss of life and property on that scale really isn't likely to happen again?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"And to have built it there in the first place would be crazy, and they rebuilt it anyway.\" - The literal meaning of this turn is that building a city in a vulnerable location is illogical, yet they rebuilt it regardless. The actual meaning is that the city was rebuilt despite the knowledge of its vulnerability.","questions":"How did they respond to the vulnerability of the city?","answer":"Raised"}
{"text":["Well, the Chinese leadership has continued to see dialogue first with Kim Jong Un. They've had two publicly announced meetings with him. One of them came right in advance of North Korea's announcement that it was going to pursue a satellite launch. We don't know whether that subject was discussed in China. But, you know, the indicator suggests that China is still trying to figure out if there is a way that it can influence the situation in North Korea without taking measures that would enhance instability. The Chinese priority is basically to maintain stability in North Korea.","And so it was - it's willing to prop up that terrible regime if it will prevent that regime's collapse and the horrible situation that might ensue.","I think it's certainly the case that if you're, you know, looking at why North Korea still is there in the middle of this otherwise prosperous region, the hand of China is the critical explainer for why North Korea is still able to survive.","Xi Jinping has been in power just a brief time in Beijing, but in that time, we have seen increased pressure on the Senkaku Islands. These are the disputed islands unoccupied, uninhabited islands in the East China Sea. Japan has controlled them for, what, 100 years. China claims them as well. There had been confrontations in the past where patrol boats and fishing boats had exchanged even water canon spray. But this time, a Chinese patrol craft flew over the islands, and that's a different situation."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker implies that propping up the North Korean regime may lead to negative consequences in the long term, despite short-term stability.","questions":"How may propping up the North Korean regime affect the long-term situation, despite short-term stability?","answer":"Consequences"}
{"text":["Yesterday, we reported on the U. N.  Security Council meeting that took place on Friday. The topic was Kashmir. It seems like there was not really a consensus on how to move forward on this issue. Did you have a sense of how the residents of Kashmir would like - what role they would like the international community to play in this conflict, if any?","I think that a majority of Kashmiris are really, really tired of the violence. Many, many years ago, there had been a lot of hopes on Pakistan. But I think that hope is gone. Once the ban on communication is lifted, when Internet is restored, many are expecting to see a few - at least a few clashes between protesters and Indian security forces in Kashmir.","That's journalist Rahul Pandita. He was kind of to join us from Delhi.","Rahul, thank you so much for speaking with us about your reporting."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : that the people don't want any more violence and want it to stop ","questions":"Which emotion is expressed by Kashmiris towards the violence?","answer":"Tired"}
{"text":["And now to another story we'll hear more about this week. It starts with a number - $90 billion. That's about how much Uber is expected to be worth when it goes public - that despite the fact the company has never actually turned a profit. It's made plenty of money but never more than it spends. Its move to go public and consolidate power comes at a time when Americans are questioning the power of Silicon Valley and leading politicians are calling for the breakup of tech giants. New York Times opinion columnist Farhad Manjoo recently called the Uber IPO a moral stain on Silicon Valley. He admitted his once-bright-eyed take on the startup has dimmed dramatically. He's here to talk with us about why. And he joins us from Mountain View, Calif. Welcome.","Hi. Good to be here.","You say you used to be a naive baby tech pundit who bought into the Uber hype, fanboy of sorts. These are your words. But this past week in your column, you lamented, what's become of Uber?What exactly are you lamenting?","Yeah, I mean, I once thought that Uber could be a win for everyone. You know, we used to - in cities, we used to sort of have these taxi cartels which limited supply and didn't really offer a great service. And Uber seemed like a better version of the taxi. And it also kind of offered these environmental promises. We'd have, you know, people using cars more efficiently. Like, Uber promised that it could get us - you know, more people in cars, get fewer cars on the road."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker used to believe Uber was a positive disruptor in the transportation industry, but now feels differently due to issues with the company's business practices and impact on society.","questions":"How did the PersonA's view on Uber change?","answer":"Changed"}
{"text":["Well, it's actually Angel's Night. There was the long myth for a long time that kids were burning down the city. That was never true. It's an opportunity for people to get rid of their stuff to burn it down, whether it was cars or houses. But that has been turned around in a huge way. It was started under former Mayor Dennis Archer, where people by the thousands - volunteers - go out and patrol and make sure that kids are out trick or treating instead of getting in trouble and that adults that know that the night is not for them.","Rochelle, Happy Angel's Night next week, OK.","Thank you so much. I appreciate that, Scott.","Rochelle Riley of the Detroit Free Press joining us from WDET."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : the phrase \"joining us from WDET\" does not literally mean that Rochelle Riley is physically present at the WDET radio station. It is a standard phrase used in broadcasting to indicate that a guest is speaking remotely from another location.","questions":"How is the phrase \"joining us from WDET\" used in broadcasting?","answer":"Remotely"}
{"text":["Yes.","What is it like coming and finding a place in New York's theater world?Because it can be very tough to even get a little purchase in it, but it sounds like you have found a place with your off-Broadway version of the play that's very comfortable and fulfilling.","Well, it is definitely - yeah, I have to admit, I wish I could sit here and say I knew it was going to happen this way. I was nervous waiting for that New York Times review to come out. You know what that's like. You know, it was like, OK, you know, am I going to get the theater gods' blessing?Because New York it is what it is; it's the Big Apple. It's the biggest theater market in the world. If you can make it, here you can make it anywhere.","So, this feels really good to have, you know, not just the approval from the critics, but just be able to, you know - I shake everyone's hand who buys the ticket every time I perform my show. I stand at the door as people leave the theater; I shake their hand and look them in the eyes and say thank you. So, I really feel like just because the reviews are great, I still know that it's reaching people, and that's what's important to me."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Finding success in the New York theater world is difficult.","questions":"How would you describe the theater market in New York?","answer":"tough"}
{"text":["Tequila.","Hey, before we go - I go pouring it in, give it a smell, though.","OK.","It's very vegetal."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) A: \"It's very vegetal.\"  The literal meaning of this statement is that the tequila has a strong vegetable scent. However, the implied meaning is that the tequila has a unique and high-quality taste, which is a common characteristic of premium tequilas. This implies that the speaker has a good taste in tequila and is sharing their knowledge with the listener.","questions":"How would you describe the scent of the tequila?","answer":"Vegetal"}
{"text":["You do think it's a violation of the United Nations sanctions.","It does seem to me. The more we see, for example, the fighter aircraft, the MiG, it's clearly a violation.","What do you think is really going on here?Is there more to this than what we've seen?","There could be. You know, they're still searching the ship and all the containers. As you know, initially, the intelligence that the Panamanian government received was that the ship was carrying drugs. And so, if in fact, they continue searching and they find drugs in the ship, people will make an immediate connection that the Cubans were involved in illicit trafficking. And that could be a real game-changer, particular as it relates to relations to the United States and even relationships with the rest of Latin America."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be hinting at a desire or need for help or support from the listener.","questions":"How does the speaker feel about the potential implications of finding drugs on the ship?","answer":"Game-changer"}
{"text":["All right, Mario. We have to jump in. RushmoreDrive. Give me the skinny.","OK, RushmoreDrive. The skinny is this is a black search engine. And I think it's time for a black search engine. The answer is going - the question is going to be whether or not this will be successful due to advertising. The Pew Internet says that 56 percent of African-Americans now use the Internet, so is there really a need for a black search engine?I put in \"Farai Chideya. \"I was able to see news about you, videos, your blog posts, images. . .","Scary!","It's comprehensive. It's clean. Hey, you're all over the place, what can I say?I think there's a real need for this. The issue is going to be whether or not they can market it right."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker is affirming that the black search engine is comprehensive and useful, but the real challenge will be to market it effectively.","questions":"How does the speaker describe the black search engine?","answer":"Useful"}
{"text":["Antivirus experts are calling Flame one of the most complex threats ever discovered. Once a machine is infected, the operator of the malware can expand its functionality almost like adding apps to a smartphone. Its operators sent out another app with orders to erase it this week, leaving no tracks behind.","Much like Stuxnet, Flame is also believed to be the handiwork of a nation-state. Why are antivirus experts so concerned about Flame?How does this malware tool, spy kit(ph) and eavesdrop?Who's behind Flame, and who are they targeting, and why is it being compared to Stuxnet?","That's what we're going to be talking about this hour. Our number is 1-800-989-8255, 1-800-989-TALK. My guest is Kim Zetter. She is senior reporter at Wired covering cybercrime, privacy, security and civil liberties. She's currently writing a book about Stuxnet and joins us from Oakland, California. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY.","Thank you.","What makes Flame different?","Well, different from the average run-of-the-mill malware that criminals use?"],"speaker":["B","B","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"once a machine is infected, the operator of the malware can expand its functionality almost like adding apps to a smartphone.\" - This implies that the malware can be customized and modified according to the operator's needs, making it more dangerous and harder to detect.","questions":"What is one advantage of the operator's ability to expand Flame's functionality?","answer":"dangerous"}
{"text":["Well, I didn't, but a professor of mathematics at Macalester College and one of his students did that. And they use this stuff called social network analysis, which is what the NSA uses to identify key terrorists and, you know, the people that they want to send the drones after. But these guys at Macalester College took that same method and applied it to \"Game Of Thrones. \"","Is it as simple as they just add up all the mentions on social media platforms or what?","In a sense it is. It's a matter - it's - look at the networks, you look at the strengths of the connections between the networks and almost always you find that one or two nodes come to the top, and they're the most important nodes. And they're the ones who, in a terrorist network, if you take them out, it causes significant damage to the network. And in the case of \"Game Of Thrones,\" if you took out Tyrion, it would make a huge difference to the rest of the story. So he's the one that is most likely to survive through the entire series.","Unless of course he gets a better offer from another series and they decide they have to write him out. But I'm interested in the fact that it can be used to penetrate what's going on in a supposedly secret terrorist network."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : There are no turns in this conversation whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings. All of the turns are being used in a straightforward and literal manner.","questions":"Which turn in the conversation confirms that the mentioned method of social network analysis is only being used in a straightforward and literal manner?","answer":"none"}
{"text":["Is there any such thing as truly pure water from any source, bottled or tap?","Well, it's called distilled water, sure. It ends up actually not tasting very good. It's funny actually - for Aquafina and Dasani and actually the major bottled water brands, that's actually tap water that is passed through very fine filters. It's called reverse osmosis. And then the water actually is too clean to taste good. So, in the industry they call it pixie dust - they put some minerals actually back into the water to improve the taste.","So, clean water tastes bad.","Well, I mean, what's clean water, right?I mean, the water that we have out of our tap is clean. The water that we have out of bottled water is clean, right?The question is do you want water that has no contaminants in it all, which would be distilled, or water that's safe to drink?And the fact is we could certainly treat water if we wanted to, to the point where there's nothing in it, but we wouldn't be willing to pay the cost."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) \"So, clean water tastes bad.\" The speaker is not suggesting that clean water always tastes bad, but rather making a statement based on the previous speaker's explanation that excessively purified water (i.e. distilled water) can have a less appealing taste. The implied meaning is that excessively purified water can have a less appealing taste, not that all clean water tastes bad.","questions":"How is the PersonA's statement in turn 3 related to the taste of excessively purified water?","answer":"Forgeries"}
{"text":["But he did try to shoot a president. I mean, you can't say well, if he shot the butcher it would be different. He did try to shoot a president. We hold that crime in a different category than we do other attempted murders. In fact, he had other ideas. He stalked Jodie Foster. He stalked President Carter for quite a long time.","So your position is, we're not talking about a man who just shot someone who is now gone, but somebody who at one point contemplated shooting a number of famous people.","Oh, yeah. I mean, his desire was to be a famous assassin. And I think the main point here is that the verdict of not guilty by reason of insanity was a bad verdict. There's no question that he is insane, but the legal definition of insanity is that you have to be unable to distinguish between right and wrong. And I think he knew perfectly well that it was wrong. And following that verdict, you know, they made a lot of changes in the legal system. There's now another option, of guilty and insane. They also - when Hinckley was on trial, the prosecutors had the burden of proof to prove that the defendant was sane, and now the burden is on the defense to prove insanity.","If John Hinckley were to come outside full-time, he - I think we can safely assume - would be pretty carefully monitored by, not just local police, but the Secret Service. And that's not enough guarantee?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) - The actual meaning is that the speaker disagrees with the verdict of not guilty by reason of insanity and thinks that the legal definition of insanity is too narrow. This turn implies that the speaker believes that the legal system should hold people who commit crimes like Hinckley's to a higher standard of responsibility, even if they are mentally ill.","questions":"How does the speaker feel about the legal definition of insanity?","answer":"Damage"}
{"text":["Explain to me why that's a problem. I think defenders of the president would say Jared Kushner has a direct line of communication to the president of the United States, who will actually listen to him.","And that's OK. But that means that Jared Kushner, if he is going to play that role, should at least be informing the president by informing himself, by learning about the issues, by studying the issues, by doing the homework.","What was the personal calculation for you coming out publicly and speaking out about why you resigned as ambassador?Other foreign service officers have not chosen the same route. They have sort of quietly left.","That's correct. And that was my intention. There was an official at the Department of State who read my private letter of resignation to the president. And we know that this happened because it was published by Reuters. And it was there that I wrote to the president that when I was a junior officer, I had signed an oath to completely and fully implement foreign policy, even policies with which I might have disagreed. And then my instructors made clear to me that if there ever came a time when I could no longer do that, I would be honor bound to resign. And that time has come."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : He can talk to the president directly with no in between people.","questions":"What kind of line does Jared Kushner have to the president?","answer":"Communication"}
{"text":["A couple of questions: Does a planet have to be like, quote-unquote, \"like Earth\" for it to be habitable?","Oh absolutely not, absolutely. The biology extremophiles can exist over a wide range of temperatures and salinities and pressures and such. So no, it doesn't have to be like Earth. But that makes it easier for us to imagine that there might be life as we know it.","What's interesting to me, exciting to me, is the prospect of perhaps these stars are very close, are they not?They're. . .","These are some of the closest stars. This one is the 19th closest star to us."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : star implies a luminous body in the sky and not a celebrity.","questions":"What can a star be mistaken for?","answer":"Celebrity"}
{"text":["And so the last of this accretion events formed the moon, because accretion, when you have giant planets the size of Mars and Earth hitting each other, it's a pretty messy phenomenon.","But based on news this week, it sounds like that may not be the best theory.","Well, you know, the devil gets down to the details, and when you push these models forward, they start to come apart, and that's kind of the fun thing about science is you're sort of grasping at things, and they - sometimes you get them and hold them in your hand for a while, and they slip away like a fish.","Here we had this notion - and the reason this is so exciting right now is that starting in, you know, the mid-1970s, these sort of back-of-the-envelope calculations said hey, you know, we think planets formed this way, by collisions. We think we can explain the spin of the Earth, which is actually pretty fast if you add in the spin of the moon to the spin of the Earth, you know, that moon's orbiting the Earth, and if you think of it as one single planet, and if you brought all that mass together into one place, it would be equivalent to the Earth spinning with a period of only five hours, so much faster than it is today."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The current theory about the formation of the moon might not be accurate","questions":"Which theory?","answer":"moon"}
{"text":["But I'm sure that there's something else that you want to share with us. You have your poems about California, poems about the blues.","I've got one. The once called \"Who I Am in Twilight. \"And it's a poem that is actually emblazoned on the sidewalk. And it's set in stone, as it were, on something called \"Poetry Walk\" in Berkeley, California. They put down on sidewalk, Addison Street, about a hundred poets', I think, work. So it's fun to go over there and see how posterity works, because always somebody has dropped some pizza on it, mashed out a cigarette on it, or something like that.","So don't live for posterity, live for now. But here it is. \"Who I am in Twilight. \"","Like John Lee Hooker, like Lightnin' Hopkins, like the blues himself. The Trickster Sonnet, hoedown, the tango, the cante jondo. Like blessed spirituals and ragas, custom-made. Like sagas. Like stories. Like slick, slow, sly, soliloquies sliding into dramas. Like crime and punishment. Like death and birth. Canal Street, New Orleans. Like the easy, erasable, troubled voices a whirling ceiling fan makes in deep summer nights in hot, un-heavenly hotels. Oklahoma, Arkansas, Tennessee. Like the Mississippi River so deep and wide, you couldn't get a letter to the other side. Like Grand Canyon. Like Yosemite National Park. Like beans and cornbread. Like rest and recreation. Like love and like. I know we last. I know our bleeding stops."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Life should be lived in the moment rather than for posterity.","questions":"What is the title of the poem that is set in stone on the Poetry Walk in Berkeley?","answer":"Who"}
{"text":["Hey. How you doing, Lulu?","I'm very well. For people who haven't been to Richmond, can you describe Monument Avenue for us?What statues are there?","Monument Avenue is one of the most beautiful stretches of street in the United States of America. I mean, it's tree-lined. It's on the national historic registry. There are statues to Robert E.  Lee. There's a statue to Jeb Stuart, to, you know, Stonewall Jackson. And there's a lonely statue of Arthur Ashe, which I call the only true champion on that stretch of street.","The tennis champion, Arthur Ashe."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Hey.How you doing, Lulu?\" - The actual meaning is the speaker is greeting Lulu and asking how she is doing, rather than just stating those words as an empty phrase.","questions":"How is the speaker using the phrase \"Hey.How you doing, Lulu?\" in turn 0?","answer":"Greeting"}
{"text":["Well, look, I like the fact that we've eliminated pre-existing conditions. I think that's really important. But Ronald Reagan expanded Medicaid a number of times and he didn't need Obamacare, OK?And my feeling about Medicaid is we've been able to manage this program. And by bringing Ohio money back to Ohio to treat the mentally ill, the drug addicted and the working poor, it's not - we're not only ahead on an arithmetic basis, but we think it's the right issue in terms of giving people a chance and an ability to be lifted.","Biographical question - did you ever consider becoming a priest?","Well, when I was a kid, really early in my life, you know, all Catholic altar boys I think at one time or another thought about being a priest. But then that just wasn't in the cards for me.","But I gather religion is an important factor in your life."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  Implies a personal question about the speaker's past, not just a factual question about whether or not they considered becoming a priest.","questions":"What type of question does turn 1 imply?","answer":"Personal"}
{"text":["I think it had to because of the workers and the communities where you had all of these plants. But because it became a 60-percent owner - the U. S.  government owns 60 percent of General Motors as a result of the bankruptcy - they could have straightened that company out, but they were completely hands-off with the post-bankruptcy management. In retrospect, they had to save General Motors. But they could've laid down tougher conditions.","What do you think about when you see some of the accounts in recent weeks about General Motors concealing what seems to have been a major problem which led to injury and death?","Eternal vigilance of the regulator is required. And the auto safety agency fell down on the job. It's just that simple. I think now we're going to get stronger legislation as a result of the GM debacle. A lot of good will come from it, unfortunately because of these fatalities.","Ralph Nader. His new book \"Unstoppable: The Emerging Left-Right Alliance To Dismantle The Corporate State. \"Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using a metaphor or analogy to explain or describe something, often to make a complex idea easier to understand or to create a vivid image in the listener's mind.","questions":"What literary device might the speaker be using in their statement?","answer":"Metaphor"}
{"text":["You're a breast cancer survivor. Your husband passed away. One of your other children was in a serious accident, and yet when you deal with the Imus ordeal, you say I've never felt so powerless in my life. Why did that touch you so much?","You know, Farai, one of the things that maybe people didn't know is that here I had a team of 10 players, and five of those young ladies were freshmen. Less than a year before that, they were sitting on bleachers at a high school graduation. Some of them that came to me had braces on their teeth. They had dreams and aspirations of becoming doctors and psychologists and musicians and all the like.","And here while they had done something that they should be commended for because throughout the year, the year had been a tremendous struggle. They had been pushed to the brink, and yet somehow they survived. And beyond surviving, here they were standing before a national audience and being honored as one of the top two teams in this nation.","And I was so proud of them because I could remember seeing some of them cry or think that they couldn't and then to see their faces on television or USA Today and, you know, this is what it's all about - for us as leaders and as parents and as people that care about our young people - to take them to places that they don't think that they can go, have them accomplish those things, and then with that level of security and confidence, they can take on the world."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : As a leader and parent, it is important to help young people achieve their dreams and goals","questions":"How does PersonA describe the freshmen players on her team?","answer":"Freshmen"}
{"text":["Where to begin the week in politics?The Mooch removed, the White House staff shaken - if not stirred - more leaks, a rally and more developments in the Russian investigation. In studio, we have Molly Ball, staff writer who covers politics for The Atlantic. Molly, thanks for being back with us.","I'm glad to be here.","Isn't that what we got in the news business?It's never dull, is it?","It really has not been. And in a way, this White House is really a gift to all of us in the journalistic community. When we might have traditionally been slacking off for the summer, particularly on the political beat - there's usually sort of a summer doldrums - but no, we have the bounty of news that seems to flood every week out of Washington."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Molly is glad to be part of the news business, since there is always something interesting to report on.","questions":"What is Molly's profession?","answer":"Writer"}
{"text":["That's fantastic. As you looked around, though, people might say, don't your teammates get a little jealous?Might they want to take a shot every once in a while?","Yeah. I mean, it was really cool. My shots were falling in the first half, and they kept feeding me the ball. And at half-time, I had 58 points and my teammates were more ecstatic. And they were so happy for me, and they said they were going to keep feeding me the ball. And so I couldn't ask for better teammates, how unselfish and willing they were to continue to give me the ball. And after the game, they were just as happy, if not more happy, than I was that a record was broken.","I wanted to read you a quote. You may have seen it already from Kobe Bryant who said, \"That's crazy, man. I don't care what level you're at. Scoring 138 points is pretty insane. He added, \"he must have been wearing the Mambas. Only the Mambas can have no conscience to shoot the ball that much. \"The Mambas, as you know I'm sure, is the name of Kobe Bryant's shoe.","Yeah. Yeah. Kobe's - he was my favorite player growing up. So to hear him talk about my game was pretty cool.","No conscience though?Is that - that's the scorer's mentality?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Teammates might be jealous that you score too much","questions":"Which aspect of the player's game did Kobe Bryant comment on?","answer":"Scorer's."}
{"text":["(Laughter).","He's just taking everything and ratcheting it up.","This song in particular has become a kind of proving ground for generations of musicians.","What about the listener experience, though?Does it have the same emotive quality that \"Kind Of Blue\" has?","I feel like there's emotion in \"Giant Steps. \"But it is certainly - you know, if you want to talk about \"Kind Of Blue\" as sort of relaxing-into-your-armchair-with-a-cocktail vibe. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The listener experience of 'Giant Steps' is different from that of 'Kind of Blue'.","questions":"Which experience is different between 'Giant Steps' and 'Kind of Blue'?","answer":"Experience"}
{"text":["Well, they do do some of it. Delta in the most recent quarter had about 300 million dollars in gains from fuel hedges, but the biggest problem is other airlines just don't have the cash or the credit to put into this. Southwest has the luxury of very strong financial balance sheet so they can put their money to work years ahead of time. Other airlines, you know, if you're cutting costs, if you're fighting for survival, if your cash is tight, your employees are getting laid off, you know, it's hard to say hey, we're going to buy some fuel for 2012.","And Delta was in bankruptcy proceedings, it had to unload everything it could to deal with its debt.","That's right, very costly. Delta actually had good fuel hedges leading into the 2004 bankruptcy. They had to sell those to raise some cash in the bankruptcy, but selling early meant they lost out on a whole lot of profits that they could have had later on.","Scott, you're a travel writer but you do write for the Wall Street Journal, so maybe you can answer this question for me. On the day that Southwest reported things going very well, its stock actually fell by a dollar to just under 15 dollars a share. Now, how does that work?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The other airlines may not have the resources to purchase fuel for the future, suggesting a lack of financial stability.","questions":"Which airlines face financial instability due to their inability to purchase fuel for the future?","answer":"Other"}
{"text":["And that made both party's much more democratic operations - again, small D.  But the Democrats - large D, capital D - pushed it a lot further than the Republicans. The Republicans want to restrain the representational nature of the system a little bit so as to reach a conclusion a little faster. And that's the big difference now.","I think in Super Tuesday-voting today, for example, it's quite possible that one Republican candidate will get enough votes around the country that he'll become the nominee more or less de facto. On the Democratic side, though, there's really no chance to that. The proportional splits that I've been talking about, the breaking of the vote down and making it representative of the vote, that's going to divide the delegates between the two parties - or between the two candidates on the Democratic side.","So there are people on both sides of the major party system who have dropped out, and they have delegates. What happens to their delegates?","There aren't many, really. It's just a handful in both parties. And what will happen to those delegates is after their candidate is officially out - John Edwards, for example, is not officially out. He's just suspended his campaign."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : In this turn, the use of \"democratic\" with a small 'D' is not referring to the political ideology of democracy. Instead, it is referring to the internal operations of the parties becoming more inclusive and participatory. Similarly, \"Democrats\" with a capital 'D' is not solely referring to the Democratic Party, but rather to the people who identify with or support the Democratic Party.","questions":"How is the term \"Democratic\" used in turn 0?","answer":"Inclusive"}
{"text":["Thank you very much for having me.","Can you describe the scene for us in Sana'a now?","The situation in Sana'a at the moment is very insecure and unpredictable. It's very scary, obviously, because the airstrikes come at any time. And now with the fuel crisis that's going on, Yemen is a country that is basically based all its - basics let's say from importing - the food, the fuel, the wheat - everything comes importing and talking about the main things that would allow the people to be alive. And now at the borders - the blockade in the borders - this is creating a huge catastrophe that is ahead of us at the moment.","Oxfam had been pushing to end the fighting, at least to get these shipments into the country. Are you worried about future shipments?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"It's very scary, obviously, because the airstrikes come at any time.\" - The literal meaning is that the airstrikes are unpredictable and can happen at any moment, causing fear and uncertainty among the people. The actual meaning may also convey a sense of desperation or helplessness in the face of the ongoing conflict.","questions":"What is causing fear and uncertainty among the people in Sana'a?","answer":"Airstrikes"}
{"text":["I think that's up to the nominee to determine who his vice president will be. Certainly, I think she brings some things to the table that would be great for a team, as I indicated. There are a lot of women out there who would like to see her play some significant role, perhaps as vice president. She obviously went into the rural community, and whipped up some small-town votes.","And so I think she does bring something to the table that would cause her to be considered. And I think she will be considered by Barack Obama. So now they have to get together, and work it out, and see if it works for them.","When you think about this race, you have so many people who are so emotionally invested, both people in the political community but certainly American citizens. What would you say to someone, yourself as a stalwart Democrat, who said, as many people have said, you know what?I'm not going to vote for Obama. I'm going to vote for McCain. I'm a Hillary supporter. I can't stomach voting for Obama.","Well, the first thing I think is that it is time for people to focus on the issues, the core issues of the Democratic Party. What do we stand for?Who do we really represent?And that's how you measure your candidates. I don't think anybody that focuses on the history of the party, and how we have evolved, and what our issues are, and the leadership of our party who could vote for McCain."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"whipped up some small-town votes\" - This expression means that the nominee's vice presidential candidate was able to motivate and persuade people from rural areas to vote for their party. The literal meaning of \"whipping up\" is to mix or beat ingredients together quickly, so the phrase has a figurative meaning here.","questions":"How did the nominee's vice presidential candidate appeal to voters in rural areas?","answer":"Rural"}
{"text":["Well, it's actually Angel's Night. There was the long myth for a long time that kids were burning down the city. That was never true. It's an opportunity for people to get rid of their stuff to burn it down, whether it was cars or houses. But that has been turned around in a huge way. It was started under former Mayor Dennis Archer, where people by the thousands - volunteers - go out and patrol and make sure that kids are out trick or treating instead of getting in trouble and that adults that know that the night is not for them.","Rochelle, Happy Angel's Night next week, OK.","Thank you so much. I appreciate that, Scott.","Rochelle Riley of the Detroit Free Press joining us from WDET."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : the phrase \"joining us from WDET\" does not literally mean that Rochelle Riley is physically present at the WDET radio station. It is a standard phrase used in broadcasting to indicate that a guest is speaking remotely from another location.","questions":"What phrase is used in broadcasting to indicate that a guest is speaking remotely from another location?","answer":"Remotely"}
{"text":["Well, right. And no U. S.  commander - speaking from experience - would put the aircraft in that kind of a situation. And for your audience, that reason is that, unlike aircraft - surveillance aircraft in the past, the kind of sensor systems that are onboard this drone are such that they can see dozens and dozens and dozens of miles away from the aircraft. So, you know, it's flying up above 50,000 feet over the Strait of Hormuz. It can monitor the entire strait plus see inside Iran without having to fly over it.","Just a little bit more detail, if you would, on this. . .","Sure.",". . . Specific drone - we're told it was an RQ-4 Global Hawk surveillance drone. Do you have any sense of how many of those are out flying over the region, how widely used they are?What intel are they collecting?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The drone has powerful sensors and can see far distances","questions":"What is the altitude of the drone?","answer":"50,000"}
{"text":["Yeah. That was when I went over to Ukraine. When I signed the deal, my wife was pregnant. I knew the baby was coming middle or the end of October. You know, the team kind of told me that soon as the baby's born, I'll be able to scoot home right away, and it didn't work out that way. They kept me there for a few more weeks and then let me go home for five days.","Forgive me. You missing any teeth after 18 seasons?","I am not, no. I got hit in the face twice in practice. I always put my mask up in between drills. And one time, the trainer mistakenly threw the puck over the glass and hit me in the mouth. And then another guy flipped the puck from the corner when I was sitting there watching the coach explain a drill and hit me in the mouth.","Wow."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : He would be able to go home happily when the baby was born.","questions":"How did the team's promise to the speaker turn out?","answer":"Delayed"}
{"text":["But there's also wars - Syria, Libya, other places. So it's a very mixed picture. But the common denominator, I think, is that you've got several hundred million Arab men and women who are saying that the consent of the governed matters, that the citizen has rights, and we want real constitutions. And they're trying to create those with a foundational structure of social justice.","Social justice is the enormous driver of these revolutions, which is almost totally unarticulated and very misunderstood in the West.","And it certainly was in Syria. Again, the spark, the death of a small boy.","In Syria you had Hamza Khateeb, the little boy who was tortured and killed, and very badly tortured, 14-year-old kid. And the original outburst of the uprising in Daraa, in south Syria, in March 2011, was when the local government, local police officers there, tortured some young kids who had written some graffiti on the wall, like we want reform. It was something very mild, but little kids who were 10, 12, 14 years old, and they were tortured by the police."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : mixed picture means that all the countries have a lot of differences","questions":"Which driver is almost totally unarticulated and very misunderstood in the West?","answer":"Justice."}
{"text":["It's naive to make believe that you're right. It ain't right.","Only fools go walking on thin ice twice. You and life can skip the strife and you'll both get along. All it takes is simply saying you're wrong.","Is that Kevin Spacey, or Bobby Darin?","You're listening to NPR News."],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) The speaker is suggesting that it is wise to admit one's mistakes and avoid repeating them, rather than foolishly persisting in one's errors.","questions":"How can the PersonA's advice be described?","answer":"Wise"}
{"text":["Well, I think they're convening a panel tomorrow to discuss it once more. Declaring a public health emergency of international concern has big implications. So the closing of borders - you know, these are border towns. People - their livelihoods are dependent on being able to cross borders and do business.","Yeah.","Refugees who are fleeing armed conflict in DRC not being able to come into Uganda. So it - there are some serious implications on making that declaration, and I'm sure those will be considered.","How hopeful are you that this outbreak can be contained?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  Making the declaration can have serious implications, and the panel will consider it.","questions":"Which declaration can have serious implications?","answer":"Declaration"}
{"text":["And all this happened after midnight on Friday, so most people were sleeping. They were caught off guard and unable to escape. Houses, cars and bridges were washed away. And 17 neighborhoods were partially destroyed. And the town hospital and morgue are overflowing. Among the victims is a policeman who was carried away by rushing water when he tried to save a 12-year-old girl from drowning. And then there's the case of the Mocoa mayor, who is a pastor - he's homeless because rocks and mud came into his house and filled it all the way up to the ceiling.","Sounds like a horrific situation. How has the government responded?","President Juan Manuel Santos flew into Mocoa to inspect the town. He sent in the army. The Red Cross is there. There are emergency workers searching for survivors. But one of the problems is that there's no airport in Mocoa, and the main road into the town's been partially washed out. Half of Putumayo state's without power, and the drinking water supply has been totally destroyed. Now there've been some reports of people looting stores for food and water.","Just briefly - you know, we've heard a lot about flooding and landslides in Latin America recently. Peru's also had massive flooding. Do we know why this is happening?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker aims to evoke empathy and raise awareness about the devastating impact of the natural disaster on the community, including loss of life, destruction of infrastructure, and the displacement of individuals, such as the mayor being left homeless.","questions":"Which natural disaster caused devastation on the community, including loss of life, destruction of infrastructure, and the displacement of individuals such as the mayor being left homeless?","answer":"Flooding"}
{"text":["When you marinate after grilling, you actually make a marinade that doesn't touch any of the raw fish or meat.","Got it. OK.  What about people who don't eat meat?There are a lot of people who really are trying to move more toward a plant-based diet. How do you manage that on the grill if you have limited grill space?Because, I mean, it depends on why you're not eating meat. I mean, if you're not eating meat because you have strong ideological reasons, you don't necessarily want that touching. How could you manage that?And what are some things that you should consider for the non-meat eaters?","Yeah. I love grilled vegetables. I love eating vegetarian meals. I'm not super-strict about if meat's been on the grill to then make something with vegetables. But some people don't want them maybe cooking at the same time, where they might touch or come into contact that way. So I would say one of the preparations I really love for summer are grilled salads. So this is like a grilled spin on your classic salads.","And on Bon Appetit, we have a recipe for grilled lettuces with creme fraiche and avocado, which is a spin on, like, a ranch dressing. We have a grilled cob, where some of the elements of the salad get grilled and then tossed together with the other stuff. There is a grilled bread salad, which is kind of like a riff on a Panzanella, a bread salad where you combine it with some grilled vegetables."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Marinating after grilling doesn't involve the cooked meat\/fish","questions":"What is the purpose of grilling salads according to PersonA in turn 2?","answer":"Separation"}
{"text":["Yes, yes, in fact three weeks ago, General Electric came here because they now realize that this is coming with a vehemence and changing - that all the lighting is going to be this. And of course they've got a lot of pride in this, and they could use it for their purposes.","So they came here and filmed one morning. I was pretty rough on them, in a sense, because I said I'm not going to do anything special for you guys. I believe in you, I've worked with you and all that, but just come in here with your stuff and film. And so it's in my drawer here.","It's going to be - you're not giving it to the Smithsonian or anybody like. . .","Hey, Ira, it's a tiny little crystal, and it's hard to believe that a tiny little crystal, you tickle it with a current, and wham, it'll blind you. In other words - I don't really don't know what ought to be done. You know, John Bardeen didn't give his first transistor box to the Smithsonian. It's here in a museum, and I don't know. That's an interesting question: Where should things like that go?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A is not willing to do anything special for General Electric's filming","questions":"What did PersonA say to General Electric about doing anything special for their filming?","answer":"Anything"}
{"text":["One night in the spring of 1982, a 9-year-old Issac Bailey was asleep in a room with a few of his brothers when the 22-year-old brother he adored, Herbie Moochie Bailey, shot and killed an innocent man, a store owner he'd robbed named James Bunch.","It, like - my sense really - actually changed on, like, everything for me.","Issac was already struggling with a speech disorder.","I stuttered - (stuttering) - like that. It worsened greatly. And so I actually think that is one sort of reason why that I actually still stutter now."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Issac's traumatic experience caused a shift in A's perspective on everything","questions":"How did Issac's experience impact A?","answer":"Worsened"}
{"text":["(Reading) You and your partner go to see the film \"The House We Live In. \"You asked a friend to pick up your child from school. On your way home, your phone rings. Your neighbor tells you he is standing at his window, watching a menacing black guy casing both your homes. The guy is walking back and forth talking to himself and seems disturbed. You tell your neighbor that your friend, whom he has met, is babysitting. He says, no, it's not him. He's met your friend, and this isn't that nice young man. Anyway, he wants you to know he's called the police. Your partner calls your friend and asks him if there's a guy walking back and forth in front of your home. Your friend says that if anyone were outside, he would see him because he is standing outside. You hear the sirens through the speakerphone.","Ms.  Rankine, are these encounters all things you've experienced?Or is it a mix of experience and imagination?","There's no imagination, actually. Many of the anecdotes in the book were gathered by asking friends of mine to tell me moments when racism surprisingly entered in when you were among friends or colleagues or just doing some ordinary thing in your day.","I mean, it must've been hard emotionally cataloging these racist verbal attacks, both for you and for your friends, and to get them on paper."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : 4 - Implied meaning: Was it difficult to document the experiences of racism and the corresponding emotions?","questions":"How did Rankine feel about documenting racist experiences and emotions?","answer":"No"}
{"text":["OK. So we have the union's version, maybe a little bit less from GM's side. But in any case, no doubt that they don't have a deal and people are still on strike. So what have you seen and heard when you go out and talk to workers?","Well, workers are now being forced to live off of $250 a week in strike pay. That is not enough to cover many of their bills. For many of them, they're in a tight spot financially. But most people I've talked to are still very committed to the strike, say that this is something that needed to happen. They say they want protections for temporary workers, and they're willing to hold out, at least for now. And so that's what I'm hearing on the line.","I want to make sure that I understand this argument about temporary workers. This is essentially temps who are being hired in a way that they're actually permanent workers, but they're just not paid the same and not protected the same way as a full-time UAW member and full-time GM employee?","Yeah. The pay is less. The pay is less than $16 an hour, which is not a whole lot more than, say, an Amazon warehouse worker would make. And temporary workers can be basically fired at any time. They don't have long-term protections. And so what the rank-and-file members that have more permanent status, have higher wage, say is that this is just no way for a person to live, no way for a worker to live."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The members that follow the rules and never go on strike have better status.","questions":"How do the rank-and-file members feel about temporary workers?","answer":"Committed"}
{"text":["Antivirus experts are calling Flame one of the most complex threats ever discovered. Once a machine is infected, the operator of the malware can expand its functionality almost like adding apps to a smartphone. Its operators sent out another app with orders to erase it this week, leaving no tracks behind.","Much like Stuxnet, Flame is also believed to be the handiwork of a nation-state. Why are antivirus experts so concerned about Flame?How does this malware tool, spy kit(ph) and eavesdrop?Who's behind Flame, and who are they targeting, and why is it being compared to Stuxnet?","That's what we're going to be talking about this hour. Our number is 1-800-989-8255, 1-800-989-TALK. My guest is Kim Zetter. She is senior reporter at Wired covering cybercrime, privacy, security and civil liberties. She's currently writing a book about Stuxnet and joins us from Oakland, California. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY.","Thank you.","What makes Flame different?","Well, different from the average run-of-the-mill malware that criminals use?"],"speaker":["B","B","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"once a machine is infected, the operator of the malware can expand its functionality almost like adding apps to a smartphone.\" - This implies that the malware can be customized and modified according to the operator's needs, making it more dangerous and harder to detect.","questions":"Which functionality can the operator of the malware expand?","answer":"functionality"}
{"text":["Well, yeah.","And - select which is the right kind of alcohol to put in there. Free test it.","Well, they - rum and bourbon.","Right."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B is asking A which type of alcohol is suitable for the recipe and wants A to try different types of alcohol to find the best one","questions":"How did PersonB suggest finding the suitable alcohol for the recipe?","answer":"Test"}
{"text":["But there's another debate at the end of this month. She's going to have a lot of pressure on her to perform because some of those Democrats didn't maybe see that debate. They're going to be looking to size her up.","And in that debate, of course, she challenged Vice President Joe Biden. And he did not attend this event. And that might be noteworthy.","Yeah. I mean, he went a more traditional route and decided to speak directly to black voters in a key state. He's campaigning in South Carolina, where 60% of the Democratic electorate is black. And he told them yesterday that he was wrong for comments that he made about working with segregationist senators 40 years ago. How he does in South Carolina, though, is going to be key to his chances. Without it, it's hard to see what his path is for winning the nomination.","All right, let's talk about the Trump administration. They are trying to get this citizenship question onto the U. S.  Census. Now the president says he is considering an executive order. Are there going to be political consequences for this fight?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They are not taking her size but are judging her competence.","questions":"Which aspect of the Democratic candidates is being discussed in turn 0?","answer":"Debate"}
{"text":["Lots of people are pretty angry about this, understandably so. Is there any kind of limit or regulation on how much banks can charge their customers?","It depends on the state where you live. Much of this is ruled by state law. But for the most part, no. The basic rules that apply to this is, the bank must at least tell you what the fees are up front. The problem with that is, many studies, including a recent one by the federal government earlier this year, shows that a high percentage of banks simply don't ever tell customers anywhere in the fine print, anywhere in person what the fees are.","It all sounds pretty grim, but I'm wondering if somewhere, there's a bit of a silver lining. If people are going to get charged more for things like overdrafts and bounced checks, do you think people might pay more attention and be more responsible about their money?","I mean, that's the hope, but one of the things - one of the reasons the banks do this isn't necessarily to get people to act better. What they realized a few years ago is that the poorest customers ultimately cost them money. They're literally losing money on people who don't keep a lot of cash in their account but yet call up the customer service line or go to the bank."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Banks often do not disclose fees upfront to customers.","questions":"What is one of the reasons banks charge fees?","answer":"Cost"}
{"text":["When she decided it was not in the national interest to grant security clearances for these 25 individuals, her supervisor overruled her and never provided any rationale for his decisions. In the past, when she was overruled on rare occasion, they would - supervisor would point out the mitigating circumstances and would work with her to assess the risk. Her former supervisor Carl Kline wouldn't speak to her, in fact would direct her not to get involved in these disputed security adjudications.","There has been reporting that President Trump got personally involved in order to grant security clearances for his son-in-law and others. Do you have any awareness of that?","My client would have no direct awareness of that. It was at a much higher level than she was operating at.","What led your client Tricia Newbold to conclude that the problems she was seeing in her office could not be addressed within the executive branch that she works for but instead needed to be addressed by Congress?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  (2) Implies that the speaker is asking if the client has any knowledge of President Trump's personal involvement in granting security clearances, rather than a literal reading of the question which could be interpreted as asking if the client has any awareness of the reporting itself.","questions":"What level was President Trump's involvement in granting security clearances according to the speaker in the dialogue?","answer":"High"}
{"text":["Oh yes, in fact the conventional laser was only two years old, and it taught us that light could be coherent. But it didn't say anything about a semiconductor and whether the semiconductor would do this. And actually the furor started with Rediker's group from Lincoln Laboratories, MIT, reporting that they had gotten good spontaneous light out of gallium arsenide.","And then several of us went home and realized there ought to be a way to make that coherent, into a laser, and we did it. And - but I'm the guy that was crazy enough to make my own homemade alloy, which a lot of people didn't think would work, and shift it up to where the eye could see. And that's the whole basis of it.","Ah, did you - why did it take 50 years?","Well because these crystal systems are complicated, how to grow them is complicated. There are wrong methods and arguments about right ways to proceed, and it just - it's a zig-zag process. You make a bad move, and then you're going to make another move to find your way, and it just took a long while to get there."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Creating the semiconductor laser required trial and error.","questions":"How did creating the semiconductor laser require experimentation?","answer":"Trial"}
{"text":["Kristen's reporting illuminated that one of their co-founders had been accused of harassment by multiple women. He was still very much part of the agency when Kristen's reporting came out. Soon after, he was suspended. And then a few weeks later, he quietly resigned. There are reports specifically from women that he groped them, that he made - I mean, I don't even know if I can repeat the comments that he made. There is one photographer from the agency who cannot speak about what she experienced because she has been silenced by an NDA.","A nondisclosure agreement.","A nondisclosure agreement.","We should say that he's denied those allegations. You followed up with your own report on this. So you've been looking into this. And I'm curious what the industry's reaction has been to your story and Kristen's story."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The reporting brought emphasis to the harrassment so that others would notice.","questions":"What did Kristen's reporting achieve?","answer":"achieve"}
{"text":["Of course.","Why if the students two were traveling in five buses - why the target was just two?And also, these two buses were exactly the two buses that the army and the Federal Police - start to monitor it since three hours before. I mean, these two buses were the two buses where the students were traveling from the school to Iguala. Why?So what I was able to found is that in these two buses were inside in secret parts of the bus. . .","The secret compartment.",". . . Yes - heroin - 2 millions of heroin. They. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : They had something on the bus that the authorities were interested in.","questions":"Which substance was on the bus?","answer":"heroin"}
{"text":["Please tell us, what are your feelings, in the wake of Charlottesville, about the statues of your ancestor?","Well, I'm a pastor. And one of the things that I automatically go to is this is a form of idolatry, very plain and simply. We have made an idol of Robert Edward Lee. We have made him an idol of white supremacy. We have made him an idol of nationalism and of bigotry and of hate and of racism. And that's unacceptable. And not only as a person of goodwill but as for me as a Christian, I can no longer sit by and allow my family's name to be used as hate-filled speech.","Pastor, I'd like to note that you have, since you have come out publicly and talked about this, been receiving threats. Can you tell me what's been going on?","Yeah. Well, the message boards are lit up with people saying that people who are speaking out against white supremacy, including myself, should be taken care of, whatever that means. And it's been hard. I mean, I'm a 24-year-old. I'm a pastor. I'm not a violent person. I don't condone violence in any form. And so to see that there are people who wish to be violent against me and my family, against my church community is terrifying."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A's turn: \"the message boards are lit up with people saying that people who are speaking out against white supremacy, including myself, should be taken care of, whatever that means.\"","questions":"What is the message board saying about people who speak out against white supremacy?","answer":"taken"}
{"text":["Yes. The, quote, unquote - they said my family still stays in Pakistan, and I will inherit a little amount of money when my parents pass away and that my fiance still lives in Pakistan. And these are the reasons that they knew - even my recruiters knew even before I joined the U. S.  military. If they wanted to deny me, they could have denied me at the time of recruitment. But they made me wait two and a half years in limbo. And that impacted my studies a lot.","And I gather this week the U. S.  Army reinstated more than 30 recruits. But were you one of them?","I was not. The memo from the Department of Defense said that all the recruits who got discharged after July 20, they will be reinstated. And I got discharged on July 1. So it does not make any sense why the people after July 20 can get reinstated and not me.","How do you feel?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A's family and fiance being in Pakistan were used as excuses to discriminate against them in the military","questions":"What was used as an excuse to discriminate against PersonA in the military?","answer":"Connections"}
{"text":["Absolutely. And that's on the left and on the right. You have your most liberal members of the House and Senate and your most conservative members of the House and Senate essentially joining hands coming 360 on this thing and saying we're all the populists here. We're not the centrists. We're not the establishment. We're speaking for the angry little guy. And there's some irony in that perhaps, and some discomfort when, you know, you look over and see who you're in bed with on this thing. But politics makes that kind of bed fellows, and we're certainly seeing it in this particular context.","Ron, we only have a few seconds left, but both Senators Barack Obama and John McCain voted for the provision. Is that good enough cover for them I guess during the campaign?","Well, it certainly makes it less of a presidential issue, and that had been a big problem, frankly, in the politics of it last week. Once you inject the White House contest into this, everything kind of tends to blow up.","That was NPR's senior Washington editor Ron Elving. He joined me from our headquarters in Washington, D. C."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The implication is that the Presidential contest will make a difference to this issue but that it is not literally going to be injected. ","questions":"Which issue is not literally going to be injected?","answer":"Issue"}
{"text":["In a word, Ari - schadenfreude. I think at this moment, whether you look at politics or society in general, there is a lot of concern about fraud, about misrepresentation, people not being who they say they are, not to mention a lot of resentment of wealth and privilege and all the trappings that come with it. And the way this story has unfolded, the fact that these families really seem to believe that the rules should not apply to them - that's been galling to many people.","And then look at the setting, right?So elite colleges are the source of such cultural fascination. Some would say obsession. Highly selective colleges - you know, they only enroll about 1 percent of all college students. So they're very, very small. But then again, they have these brands that are known all over the world. And they're supposed to stand for merit, for hard work, for the best and the brightest.","And so when you look at something like this or, even bigger, the legacy admissions or the fact that some wealthy donors can write a check and get their kid into college that way supposedly, it - all of this is really going to undermine the idea of having institutions in our society that represent hard work and being kind of excellent.","So where do these cases go from here?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  Implied meaning: Elite colleges are seen as a source of envy and reverence, but they are also seen as a symbol of hard work and excellence. ","questions":"How are elite colleges perceived in society?","answer":"Merit"}
{"text":["That is Binyamin Appelbaum. He writes about economics for The New York Times, and he's written a new book, called, \"The Economists' Hour\" that traces what he calls a revolution in the way we think about economists.","This quiet but really important revolution that happens, really, beginning in the late 1960s and the early 1970s, where economists begin to gain tremendous influence over public policy in the United States.","In fact, that young economist who told his wife he had no future at the Fed, that was Paul Volcker. He became one of a small group of economists who made themselves indispensable to U. S.  presidents. Volcker rose to become the chairman of the Federal Reserve in the Carter and Reagan years.","So I asked Appelbaum, how did a bunch of economists go from nobodies to being important people?And he said it's pretty simple. In an era of real economic problems, they promised solutions."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Economists gained significant influence over public policy in the United States during the late 1960s and early 1970s.","questions":"Which era did economists promise solutions in?","answer":"Late1960s"}
{"text":["Oh, gosh. I. . .","Do you have over a thousand?","I can tell you in gigabytes. I have 40 GB of music.","Forty gigabytes. OK, so you're - I mean, you're doing pretty good. I mean, the average person actually carries around 1,700 songs. I had no idea, I don't carry that many songs with me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A is asking B if they have over a thousand songs.","questions":"Which unit is used by PersonB to describe the amount of music they have?","answer":"GB"}
{"text":["(Laughter).",". . . Over the last couple weeks being on the road with this. So can I take you with me everywhere I go now, Sacha?","We're glad to hear that. Thank you for that. So you actually start your book with a note to readers. It's about a company that was hiring you to teach leadership. And the man you were talking with told you he wanted to make sure that your presentation was also applicable to men. You had a sassy reply. Would you tell our listeners how you responded to him?","Yeah. I said, good question, but only if you ask that of other male speakers for the women that will be in the audience. You know, and I think that - the reason why I wanted to start the book off with this specific anecdote is because I have to bring light to some of the micro-aggressions or insidious things that men say that women have to take and eat and store away."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It's about a company that was hiring you to teach leadership. And the man you were talking with told you he wanted to make sure that your presentation was also applicable to men. You had a sassy reply. Would you tell our listeners how you responded to him?\"","questions":"What did the man want to ensure about the presentation?","answer":"applicable"}
{"text":["So how do you think we should be thinking about this?I mean, are you personally prepared to say this warrants an impeachment inquiry at this point?And we only have - I beg your pardon - about 30 seconds left.","Well, I don't think there's any question that this whole issue needs to be investigated. And frankly, the Republicans ought to be working with the Democrats on this issue. This is a question of checks and balances. Are we going to prevent a president and limit a president from abusing his powers as president?That's something that's not just in the Democrats' interest. It's in the Republicans' interests because one of these days, there'll be a Democratic president, and they will be very concerned if that president behaves as this president is and is not held accountable.","That was Leon Panetta. He's a former director of central intelligence. He's a former secretary of defense and has held a number of important posts, as we have said.","Mr.  Secretary, thank you so much for speaking with us once again."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : He is a reliable source of information and is knowledgeable and qualified and what he says can be trusted.   ","questions":"How would you describe Leon Panetta's credibility?","answer":"Reliable"}
{"text":["Did you think twice?","I said - well, I didn't think - well, I said, sure, and I held it to the ground. And then I thought, this is not exactly what I signed up for, but, you know, you need to pitch in a little bit in these circumstances.","For a disease, a virus to spill over, is it just a matter of coming in contact with the right animal?Is it just chance, or does there have to be something special about the virus itself to be able to infect multiple species?","Well, some kinds of virus, yes, are better at this than others. And the scientists who watch the world for the next spillover are particularly vigilant about single-stranded RNA viruses, as distinct from DNA viruses that carry their genomes on the good old, stable double helix. RNA viruses, when they replicate, mutate more frequently. Therefore, there's more change. There's more genetic variation in the populations of those viruses. They replicate very abundantly, so their populations are large."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : B is asking A if he\/she thought carefully before doing something.","questions":"How are RNPersonA viruses different from DNPersonA viruses?","answer":"Mutation"}
{"text":["It's not unusual for a new president to shed some of the staff that comes in with him in the first year. You know, people from the campaign, for example, who don't fit in in the new environment. But this is the earliest we've ever seen a chief of staff go. And this many departees at this high level, it's hard to think of an analog in the first six months of any other administration.","OK.  A really big legislative story this week with the Senate failing to repeal the Affordable Care Act. Is that effort dead as in really, really, really dead?","It is dead for the moment. You know, the president has been tweeting in the last 24 hours about killing the filibuster rule because it's too hard to get to 60 votes. You know, on this bill, all they needed was 50 votes and they could not get to 50 votes. And the real problem here is not process. It's the problem. They don't have consensus on health care. So it looks dead in the Senate, at least for the moment, but it could be revived in the longer run.","And just quickly, we could have started our conversation with North Korea or Russia. The world is out there, isn't it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  implies that the questioner is asking if the effort to repeal the Affordable Care Act is completely over, while (4) implies that the questioner is suggesting that there are more important issues that the conversation could have started with than North Korea or Russia.","questions":"What is the main issue that the Senate failed to repeal with the votes they needed?","answer":"healthcare"}
{"text":["And we've been getting reaction. President Trump has tweeted his condolences. And there's reaction coming in from around the world on this Easter Sunday. Tell us what you've heard.","Right. So this footage is just so disturbing. And so people in other time zones are waking up to the horror of this and sending in these messages of shock and condemnation. President Trump, as you mentioned, tweeted heartfelt condolences. He said, quote, \"we stand ready to help\" - exclamation point. Also, messages are coming in from European leaders and the prime minister of New Zealand, which sadly just suffered attacks on some of its own places of worship - mosques - last month. Pope Francis spoke at St.  Peter's Square in Rome. He said he wants to express his affectionate closeness to the Christian community in Sri Lanka and to the victims there.","Lauren, can you give us some background?There was a long civil war in Sri Lanka, which ended in 2009. What is the context for these attacks?","That's right. So what's sad is that Sri Lanka was just about to celebrate 10 years of peace - almost to the day - since that civil war ended. It was a bloody war; it lasted 26 years. Sri Lanka is a mostly Buddhist country - about 70 percent. It also has significant religious minorities - Hindus, Muslims and Christians."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : People don't actually stand ready to help but they are alert and ready to help when needed.","questions":"Which statement contradicts President Trump's tweet?","answer":"none"}
{"text":["I have been late. Now I'm right on time. And I make mistakes, but at least they're mine. I'd sign my life away on a dotted line Just to get the love I deserve. . .","That's News & Notes. Glad you could join us. Nicole Childers, Christabel Nsiah-Buadi and Geoffrey Bennett produced the show. Sasa Woodruff is the editor. Sonata Lee Narcisse directs. The technical director is Sherene Strausberg. Marcia Caldwell and Shawn Corey Campbell are our drive engineers. The News & Notes staff includes Roy Hurst, Geoffrey Gardner, Devin Robins, Zachary Slobig, Joanne Griffith, Drew Tewkesbury, Allison Samuels and Jim Wallace. To listen to the show or subscribe to the podcast, visit our Web site, nprnewsandnotes. org. To join the conversation or sign up for the newsletter, visit our blog at nprnewsandviews. org. News & Notes was created by NPR News and the African-American Public Radio Consortium. On Monday, short on cash these days?Well, what if your neighborhood got together and started printing its own money?It's already happening. We'll look at the spread of customized community currency.","(Singing) Growing up too fast. I have the best friends you could ever have, But I don't know what I got 'til it's gone. . .","Because I lose every single game I play 'Cause I'm a slave to my distractions. I climb a mountain for every mess I make, But can't get no satisfaction."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A is expressing a desire for love and acceptance, despite making mistakes.","questions":"How is PersonA feeling?","answer":"Desire"}
{"text":["So, over a matter of time you're looking for larger trends. How has the average of all the polls moved over time. And say, Alex.","Yeah?","Did you hear the one about the three pollsters who went duck hunting?","No, I didn't.","So, the three pollsters go duck hunting, and the first one fires and misses the flock of ducks high. And the next one fires and misses the flock of ducks low. And the third pollster shouts, We got them."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A is telling a joke instead of discussing the topic","questions":"How is PersonA diverting the conversation in turn 2?","answer":"Diverting"}
{"text":["The African nation of Gambia may see its own peaceful transition of power but only after weeks of negotiation and threats of military intervention. After initially accepting election results that voted him out of office, the reigning president of 22 years then refused to concede for weeks - until today. When facing international pressure and dwindling support, reports came that he has agreed to step down. Ruth Maclean is the West African correspondent for The Guardian. She's in the capital of Banjul, Gambia. Ruth, thanks very much for being with us.","Thanks for having me.","And what did the president say today?","Well, the president said last night in a midnight broadcast that he would step down and that he would act in the interest of the Gambian people. And that was the last that we heard from him. But he is still in State House. He hasn't left the country yet, and he hasn't ceded power as far as we know.","So I guess it's premature to ask who would replace him."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : is asking for the president's statement today, but the actual meaning is asking for an update on the situation. ","questions":"Which country faced a peaceful transition of power after weeks of negotiation and threats of military intervention?","answer":"Gambia."}
{"text":["I think you maybe missed your calling as a cybercriminal, Scott. Criminals are always looking to, what is the formula that makes paying the ransom worth it to the person who I'm attacking?So I'm absolutely certain that you're right that you will see an uptick in at least attempts to do this in other cities.","Cities have computer experts, right?Shouldn't they be avoiding these attacks somehow?","I think it's a pretty sensitive issue. In the case of Baltimore, the mayor came out and publicly blamed the National Security Agency for having lost some exploits several years ago that had resulted in the attack that they sustained. But at the same time, there had been a patch available that the city hadn't put in place.","You know, nationwide, there was an enormous lack of people with cybersecurity skills. City governments aren't known for their enormously high salaries. So I think you'll see the competition at tech firms, at big banks making it very hard for these cities to have enough people in place."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A thinks Scott has good knowledge of cybercriminals","questions":"How does PersonA describe the issue of a lack of cybersecurity skills in city governments?","answer":"Competition"}
{"text":["So your position would be that your dean of students would be there, even if there were some Oberlin students who decided to have a Make America Great rally.","Absolutely. The content of the speech isn't relevant. And she's supposed to be a liaison to the police. And, in fact, the police contacted her staff to talk about this particular protest as it was happening. So it wouldn't matter whether they were there for a Make America Great rally or whether they were there to talk about some progressive cause. The content of the speech is not why we're there. It's there to be able to protect the community and to make it a lawful protest.","Racism is an ugly charge. Can you see why the Gibsons were upset by it?","Oh, absolutely. I - absolutely. If you're called a name that you don't believe is true, then I can absolutely see why the Gibsons were upset."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The dean of students would be present to ensure a lawful protest regardless of the content of the speech","questions":"Which position does PersonA believe the dean of students should take at a protest?","answer":"lawful"}
{"text":["The question that has the most votes so far is this one - why do cockroaches flip over on their backsides when they die?I sprayed Raid into a hole in my wall the other day, and by the next morning, I found six cockroaches laid out on my floor, all flipped over and all very dead.","Good question.","I think that's a good question. That will be a fairly straightforward one to research, I think.","So, Daniel, people are casting their votes now. When are you going to tally them up, and then when are you going to answer that unanswered question?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : casting votes means to vote on something or someone","questions":"How do people participate in the process of casting votes?","answer":"Vote"}
{"text":["Well, it's my pleasure, Scott. Thank you.","Can you recreate for us in a sense, like our town does, a summer day at that house you loved?","Basically, people woke up as early as they could, as close to dawn. Everyone was kind of on their own once the kids got older and could take care of themselves to fix something for breakfast and start the day however they wanted as long as they were busy.","There was no television, barely a radio. And it would be tuned into very infrequently, generally when the Red Sox were playing. And all you got were scratchy sounds anyway. People were left to just, I guess, invite the outdoors into their hearts and their souls."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) - Implied meaning: Can you describe to us the atmosphere of summer days at the house you loved? ","questions":"Which meal did the people have to fix on their own during summer days at the house?","answer":"Breakfast"}
{"text":["Well, Michael, this is what we do. We interview people. You use that information to decide if they're good or bad, telling the truth or lying. We followed the ambassador interview with our regular Africa Update, which gave a very different perspective on Zimbabwe. On June 12th, we did a very in-depth interview with opposition leader Morgan Tsvangirai before he dropped out of the run-off. We got the bases covered.","And finally today, Paul Pierlot (ph) in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania wrote in about a segment on how hip-hop websites were hacked by apparent hate groups.","He wrote, \"I'm hearing a lot of reports of racists spewing their ugly noise. It saddens me, but please, please keep the faith. I want to encourage all our listeners of News & Notes to keep our eyes on the big picture. History is about to bust open like a field of wildflowers. I'm surprised almost every day hearing another white workmate, friend and even folks I pass in mall parking lots telling me they are also voting for Barack. Yes, we will have to absorb the sneers and insults of those with shriveled hearts and closed minds, but let us walk in the path of Jesus, Gandhi, and Martin. No, let us rather dance, for springtime is in sight. \"","And that's it for letters. Thank you for writing, and please keep your comments coming.","To write us, just log on to npr. org and click on Contact Us. When you get there, you'll see lots of shows to choose from. Make sure you pick News & Notes when you write to us."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Despite facing insults and criticism, the writer encourages others to have hope and support Barack Obama's presidential campaign.","questions":"Which segment did Paul Pierlot write in about?","answer":"websites"}
{"text":["I think the crash of the stock market, along with a shooting war in Iraq and a shooting war in Afghanistan made wonkiness less toxic and less unappealing. The Democrats would always field these sort of wonky smartypants candidates. And. . .","Michael Dukakis and John Kerry.","Michael Dukakis and John Kerry, you know, Al Gore, and they were clearly knowledgeable. But the Republicans would always say, yeah, but you wouldn't want to have a beer with them. They don't understand you. They don't understand the American people. And even though our candidate - George W.  Bush comes to mind - may not be an intellectual powerhouse, he understands real people.","And, in fact, there has been in American politics for a long time - you can go all the way back to Adlai Stevenson in the '50s is a prime example - an anti-intellectual fear in American politics, that intellectuals really didn't get it, and they shouldn't be put in high office. But the relative wonkiness of Obama and Joe Biden seemed more appealing to the relative unwonkiness of John McCain and especially Sarah Palin. And I think that helped removed the taint, really, of being smart."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Obama and Biden's intelligence was more appealing to voters than McCain and Palin's lack thereof.","questions":"Which candidates' intelligence was more appealing to voters?","answer":"Obama,Biden"}
{"text":["You've been on this beat for a while.","I have, a decade or so.","Any - ever seen anything like it?","Wow. I think this is a story I will tell the grandkids about covering."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In (4), \"tell the grandkids\" means to pass on the experience as a memorable story.","questions":"How did PersonA describe the story?","answer":"Memorable"}
{"text":["So many things were surprising, Scott, including the willingness of hard-core partisans in both parties to overlook big, obvious problems for their candidates in the primaries and in the fall. And I've been amazed that, for example, the willingness of so many evangelical Christians, people who wanted to emphasize social issues, to embrace Donald Trump with all of his history and all of his attitudes.","Hillary Clinton is ahead in the polls. But the last Washington-ABC News poll showed that she is less trusted than Donald Trump despite the fact that the news industry has documented many lies that he's told during this campaign. How has she run such a strong campaign despite the lack of trust?","One could be cynical and say some of us don't expect to trust our politicians. But look, this is the presidency. And in weighing the balance of assets, her experience does matter to many. She projects determination. She has the support of a united party - unusually united - and a newly popular first couple campaigning for her. And finally, there is her historic appeal to women.","Ron, ratings for news have been through the roof during this campaign. Will you miss it or may the campaign maybe not be over on Tuesday?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  (3):  When A says \"One could be cynical and say some of us don't expect to trust our politicians.But look, this is the presidency.And in weighing the balance of assets, her experience does matter to many.She projects determination.She has the support of a united party - unusually united - and a newly popular first couple campaigning for her.And finally, there is her historic appeal to women,\" the implied meaning is that while some people may be cynical about trusting politicians, many voters are willing to overlook trust issues and instead prioritize other factors such as experience, determination, and support from a united party and popular figures. Furthermore, A suggests that Hillary Clinton's historic appeal to women is another factor that contributes to her strong campaign. This is different from the literal meaning of the words, which simply describe the reasons why Clinton's experience matters to many voters.","questions":"How does PersonA suggest that Hillary Clinton's appeal to women contributes to her strong campaign?","answer":"Historic"}
{"text":["Yeah, we do. That's actually one of the more - you know, as amazing as the landing system was with the Sky Crane and everything, the rover is a great work of engineering itself, and in particular the drill is the first time we've taken a - it's essentially a hammer drill for the home enthusiast there. You know, you can use it to drill into concrete with.","It both rotates, and it vibrates. And you're exactly right. One of the things anybody who has a hammer drill at home notices is that they break bits. And so we actually have carried a set of spare bits, just two that are on the front of the rover, and actually without essentially any - I mean, we have to tell it to do it, but the spacecraft of the rover has the ability on its own to release the bit that's currently on the drill and to put a new one on, all while it's on Mars.","No need to go to Sears on Mars, then.","That's right, that's right."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"No need to go to Sears on Mars, then\" is an idiom that means there is no need to go to a store for tools on Mars because the rover has the ability to replace its drill bits on its own. It is not referring to an actual Sears store on Mars.","questions":"How does the idiom \"No need to go to Sears on Mars, then\" relate to the rover's drill bits?","answer":"Replacement"}
{"text":["Yes.","I just wondered what that photograph brought up for you that made you want to have it as the cover of your album.","That photograph hit me like a ton of bricks. You know, I had - they had sent me about nine pictures, you know, trying to find something for the album. I didn't see the others. That was the only one I saw, and it grabbed me. You know, these little babies standing on the outside. They want to swing. They want to go on the slide.","And it kind of reminded me of my sisters and I. We had that problem when we were growing up. We couldn't go to the beach. We couldn't go to the park. We wanted some grass. Where we lived, we didn't really have any grass. You know, we'd have to play in a vacant lot with dirt and glass. So that photograph grabbed me in the heart and almost brought me to tears. I said, this is the one.","(Singing) Look at us now. Remember when. We've come a long, long way. We tell ourselves stories only we can believe. It's always hard, so hard to leave.","Does singing these songs give you courage?Do you hope it gives other people courage?What do you hope it gives them?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The photograph had a strong emotional impact on me","questions":"Which album was the photograph chosen for?","answer":"album"}
{"text":["It's a natural product obviously. So a big thing in bikes is getting them aligned. And they said one of the things that took them years to figure out at Valid Cycles was how they get these poles all straight. So they had to build their own jig. I know that our bike geeks out there are going to like this.","Bike geek. They're going to love this.","Yeah.","But one of the question I need to ask you, as a bike geek yourself. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The people that are very involved with and interested in bikes will like them.","questions":"How would you describe the target audience for this information?","answer":"bike"}
{"text":["But so yeah, so toilet seats and pillowcases are very, very similar. We tend to find more species associated with our mouths on pillowcases and more species associated with feces, with gut microbes, on toilet seats. But in any given house we might or might not be able to distinguish those two. And in general, you know, these places that we sit, that we lay down, they sort of fill with species that fall off of us, you know, biased in one way or another toward a specific part of our body.","But it's kind of this mark we leave on the world everywhere we go, and presumably it's the same on planes, it's the same in our cars.","It sounds like our dogs leave a mark, too.","Yeah, so one of the really interesting things for us was to try to figure out what explains why your house is different from my house, why any house is different from any other house. And there are lots of things that you can imagine might be important, you know, the size of your house, your air conditioner, the number of people in your house, whether you're a vegetarian."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Our bodies leave a mark on everything we touch.","questions":"What fills with different species biased towards a specific part of our body?","answer":"Places"}
{"text":["Good to be with you, Scott.","Marked difference in tone between President Trump's comments that we just heard and the tweet he posted just after Judge Kavanaugh's testimony on Thursday - what happened?","You could say it was an incredible difference, Scott. Earlier in the week, the president had scoffed openly at Dr.  Ford's story. Now the president seems deeply impressed, calls her testimony very compelling. Some of this could be the different ways the president gets information. He apparently watched her on television. Or it could be about the different ways he communicates - on Twitter, on one hand, versus TV coming from the Oval Office. And as to which are his true feelings, as the president says, we'll have to see.","Reports are that, at any given time, 20 percent of U. S.  households were tuning in. And that, of course, doesn't count people who watched in airports, at work and public places. Used to be, we all tuned in for moon landings. This week, it was for a symbolic event, that it's become for many, but also the story of two people and what happened one night in 1982."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : President Trump's tweet after Judge Kavanaugh's testimony contradicts his earlier comments","questions":"Which tweet contradicts President Trump's earlier comments according to the dialogue?","answer":"Trump's"}
{"text":["Thank you.","Why do you think more teens are identifying as transgender or gender nonconforming?","Well, I think there's been a long history of advocacy and fighting for that visibility. And there's more media attention and celebrities coming out. That has increased visibility. And with more schools having more GSAs and clubs, it gives youth a chance to feel like they can talk about their gender exploration and live more like their authentic self.","To what extent do you see this study as a reflection of teens feeling more comfortable in diverse gender identities versus teens sort of experimenting with their identities and how they describe themselves?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B is asking A to distinguish between teens who experiment with gender identities and those who genuinely feel comfortable identifying outside of traditional gender roles.","questions":"What is PersonB asking PersonA to distinguish between?","answer":"Distinguish"}
{"text":["Basically, they give you a lot of freedom. They don't get in your way. The editors encourage in-depth investigative work. They like to hold public officials accountable. They're also willing to go to bat if you need legal help, if you're trying to get records or things like that.","So would you advise young reporters to do what you have done and stick with a local news organization for a decent amount of time?","Yeah. I think at least a year. Sometimes two years is a good point to kind of reconsider your options. We thought that we were just going to be here for a year, but this paper has a history of crusading investigative reporting, strong local journalism. Our late publisher Ned Chilton coined this phrase called sustained outrage, and that's sort of hammering away at an injustice until it's righted.","People who can manage to stay mad for a long time."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : People who can manage to stay passionate and motivated to bring about change, despite the length of time it takes.","questions":"What trait is being described in turn 3?","answer":"perseverance"}
{"text":["No, and to be honest, when we get into the 80s, people start taking off work because this is hot. This is, you know, incredible summer weather. We have to go enjoy it. And then so to make the jump up to 90 degrees was watercooler talk. Everybody - that's all you're talking about is how hot it got. Did you hear it got to 90 degrees?So this is a big deal for us.","Do you have air conditioning up there in Anchorage?","Most people don't in their homes. The office buildings do, naturally, but your regular home, my home doesn't. So I had to open windows. I have one little, tiny fan. You cannot find a fan on the shelves in stores in Anchorage. They're all bought up. As soon as they get some in, every store says they go out within an hour.","Well, how about the land around you?How prepared is it?I mean, I gather there are fires."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Fans are in high demand and difficult to find in Anchorage","questions":"How would you describe the availability of fans in Anchorage?","answer":"Difficult"}
{"text":["One day, Africa appears as a mass of crinkly brown veins. Another, it's become vivid streaks of orange and gold. Crimson and violet squiggles around Australia could be an abstract painting. It seemed that Commander Kelly never got tired of what he could see out the window and what he could make us see in an entirely new way. When the capsule bearing Kelly and cosmonauts Kornienko and Volkov parachuted to a landing in Kazakhstan earlier this month, that fantastic journey came to a close. Back home in Houston, Scott Kelly will be poked and prodded, weighed and measured, all in the name of science. And his terrestrial tweets now bring their own delights. He posted video of his first plunge into a pool.","Man, that feels good.","A few days later, there was Scott Kelly with his arms stretched overhead and a big smile, looking up at a dark sky.","My first rain in more than a year. Awesome."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  while the actual meaning of (4) is that Scott Kelly is expressing his joy and appreciation for the experience of feeling rain after such a long time.","questions":"How did Scott Kelly feel about his first rain in more than a year?","answer":"Awesome"}
{"text":["And then we have a Congress who just passed a bill knowing full well that this was the most likely outcome, and they chose not to even try to stop it. But now that the bill has passed, the shutdown has been prevented, the government has been funded, the president can come out and say he's going to do this now. And you have people saying that we're shredding the Constitution, that this is the end of the world, that we need to act, that we need to stop something.","Well, the time to act was before you pass a bill to give the president money to fund the government. The time to act - if you want to force a vote on this, if you want to force Republicans in the Senate to go on record if you're a House Democrat, for instance, then you put language in the bill saying the president can't use national emergency powers to build a wall.","You mean senators - well, we could list their names - Susan Collins.","Right. I mean, don't vote for a bill that is going to make something that you think is really damaging to our country, to the Republic, more likely to occur. Just don't do it, No. 1. No. 2, actually go out and try to put things in the bill to prevent the thing that you think is so damaging to our republic from happening."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Not taking action to prevent something harmful from happening is wrong.","questions":"Which action is wrong according to turn 3?","answer":"Not"}
{"text":["God, I know, the torment of it. You know, it's weird to be an artist who works really slow. I mean, we have a country that does not like people to take the time. We have a country that even its artists are on the punch-clock. So someone like me really stands out, you know. But you've got to do what you've got to do. And hopefully I can just finish it, forget how long it takes. As long as I can finish the darn thing, I'll be grateful.","Yeah, the last book took - I know it was sort of a painful process for you, wasn't it, this most recent book?","But, you know, that process gets lost. No one remembers it. No one - and that's what's the best part about being artist. There's all the sweat you break, all the dust you raise, all the sort of things, all the internal emotional timbre that goes in the work. No one will remember. That's the best part. All that's left is the actual work.","And, you know, my books, I try to keep the sweat off the books. So people read it, and they're like wow, this feels like this was effortless. That's a great - for me, more than anything, that's the best part of this. My work, that what I put into it doesn't show on the page. That's, like, great."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A feels pressure to work faster as an artist in a society that values speed and efficiency.","questions":"Which book of PersonA's did he try to keep the sweat off of?","answer":"Last"}
{"text":["Well, it's actually Angel's Night. There was the long myth for a long time that kids were burning down the city. That was never true. It's an opportunity for people to get rid of their stuff to burn it down, whether it was cars or houses. But that has been turned around in a huge way. It was started under former Mayor Dennis Archer, where people by the thousands - volunteers - go out and patrol and make sure that kids are out trick or treating instead of getting in trouble and that adults that know that the night is not for them.","Rochelle, Happy Angel's Night next week, OK.","Thank you so much. I appreciate that, Scott.","Rochelle Riley of the Detroit Free Press joining us from WDET."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : the phrase \"joining us from WDET\" does not literally mean that Rochelle Riley is physically present at the WDET radio station. It is a standard phrase used in broadcasting to indicate that a guest is speaking remotely from another location.","questions":"Which phrase in the dialogue is commonly used in broadcasting to indicate that a guest is speaking remotely from another location?","answer":"2"}
{"text":["Ultimately, with everything that's transpired since that conversation, I don't. I wish I could take it back. And often people will say, but then you'd have never had this essay. And it wouldn't have been the same. And I think, I could've written other essays. Yeah, ultimately I opened up something that was actually closed for me. When people read that piece, they said to me, oh, I wonder - I hope this was very healing for you. I hope you worked through what happened to you through this essay.","My reaction to that is, I actually did already work through that. There's a reason it took 17 years to write that piece - because I had to work through that, and the box was closed. And by opening it up again and bringing those people back into my life, ultimately it wasn't worth it. But I can't take that back now.","Listening to you talk about this, I'm struck by the fact that we are hearing now a lot from women who are writing and examining their lives in sort of powerful, astonishing writing. Do you think there's something wider at play?","I think people are really paying attention now. I think people don't have an option anymore than to hear us and listen. There is such fantastic momentum. And it's really only the beginning. But it thrills me to see the books being picked up right now and the stories we're seeing. And I want that momentum to just continue and crash through.","That was T Kira Madden. Her debut memoir is \"Long Live The Tribe Of Fatherless Girls. \"Thank you so much."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It's not a closed box but a memory of an event that is no longer thought about.","questions":"Which box?","answer":"box"}
{"text":["Oh, absolutely, absolutely. And I think that before Manny was traded, you say that C. C. was the hands-on favorite, but man, I think the impact that Manny has made on what was a moribund Dodgers team is sensational. I think if the voting was held right now and was fair, I think Manny Ramirez would be the MVP of the National League. What he's done there is incredible.","But it's not going to happen, is it?","Well, if there's justice in the world, and as you and I know there is justice in the world, I think it could happen. I mean, look at what he's done. I mean, he's made - he's helped them make shambles out of that race just because of him. C. C. 's done an excellent job, but Milwaukee is fading. Los Angeles is just becoming strong, and then there's the whole irony of Manny hooking up with his former archrival Joe Torre. And just the idea of these two guys grinding an axe against their former teams, which used to be archrivals, I just think the drama is just too - it's just too delicious. That's why I really think it should be Manny.","All right, let's end this with this connection. Since you've talked about Manny, then you talked about Joe Torre, formerly of the New York Yankees, now let's talk about Yankees stadium, which closes it's doors, last game ever in Yankee Stadium this Sunday. I know that you live close to the ballpark. Are you sad, Mr.  New Yorker?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker believes that Manny Ramirez deserves to be the MVP of the National League due to his impact on the Dodgers team and the irony of him working with Joe Torre. The speaker also believes that justice should prevail and Manny should win, despite the possibility of it not happening. The speaker is enthusiastic about the drama and excitement of the situation.","questions":"How does the speaker feel about the possibility of Manny Ramirez winning the MVP?","answer":"Deserves"}
{"text":["Yeah. I mean, since the first century, it becomes sort of the core element of Christian prayer. Obviously, there's a huge amount of diversity today among different groups of Christians and in antiquity. Likewise, there is a huge amount of variation. But in the Gospel of Matthew and in the Gospel of Luke, it's used to teach Jesus's followers the right way of praying - sort of the model for prayer.","And so why is it that the pope is supportive of the change?I do want to note that it's not that he wrote it. It was approved by the - maybe he did. I don't know. But it was approved by the General Assembly of the Episcopal Conference of Italy last month, and the pope has approved it. But I do understand that he said back in 2017 that he thought the wording should be altered. Why is that?What does he think this new wording does that the old one did not?","Well, the old wording - lead us not into temptation - can imply that God has some hand in leading people into sin or allowing people to sin or tempting them. And so I think the pope is uncomfortable with that idea, which is fair enough.","And now to your view of it because you are an expert in, among other things, the Greek New Testament. So tell me your concern - or is it an objection to it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The phrase 'lead us not into temptation' does not mean that God leads people into sin, but that we ask God to help us resist temptation.","questions":"Which Gospel teaches Jesus's followers the right way of praying?","answer":"Lead"}
{"text":["Yes. Launch is tomorrow at 4:55 AM Cape Canaveral time, which is where the rocket launches from, or, say, 1:55 AM California time. I'll actually be here in California at SpaceX headquarters at mission control. And so we have launch control at Cape Canaveral, and we've got mission control here at headquarters in California. So for the first nine minutes or so, the rocket will be ascending and delivering the Dragon spacecraft to orbit. And then the Dragon spacecraft will separate from the rocket and then - and begin orbital phasing with the space station, which will take a few days.","Then we're going to do, essentially, a flyby at the space station. Now, something that's important to appreciate is that the space station is actually zooming around the Earth at 17,000 miles an hour. People sort of think it's just sort of up there and stationary, but it's zipping around the Earth at - it actually completes an orbit of the Earth every 19 minutes. So you can think of this like you're trying to synchronize speed with something that's going 12 times faster than a bullet from an assault rifle.","And we've got to match the space station. As the space station makes more movements in its orbit, we've got to track those movements exactly. So we'll do a wide loop around the space station, establish communication - a communication link with the space station, have our docking sensors lock on and then the spacecraft actually plots an approach vector and will go in and pause at various points before finally going into dock with the space station.","And what time into the mission will it actually dock?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The rocket will be launching tomorrow and the Dragon spacecraft will be sent into orbit and then eventually dock with the space station.","questions":"What will the spacecraft do after separating from the rocket?","answer":"Phasing"}
{"text":["Our hope is that the cessation of violence is imperative if there is to be some semblance of normalcy in the election. If this rate of violence continues, then certainly there is no way we can have a free and fair election. We are hoping that when the various delegations of observers start arriving, we may see a decline into these violent activities of the regime and these rogue elements.","You have worked now with MTV to do PSAs that call for a free and fair election. Why did you decide to work with MTV on this?","Well, you know that the background actually started as some form of informal contact, then it developed into a contact with Dispatch group. So Dispatch, which is a youthful band, staged this concert on Zimbabwe. And we are now - I was in New York, I had a meeting with them, and that's how our relationship has developed.","Do you think that global youth, people not just in Zimbabwe, but, you know, in all the different places around the world that, for example, might plug in to public service announcement like this, or just people who are young and are listening to music and, you know, going online for their news, do you think that they can help advocate for the free and fair elections in Zimbabwe?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Young people globally can advocate for free and fair elections","questions":"What can young people do globally to promote free and fair elections?","answer":"Advocate"}
{"text":["So, you know, so I think that all those things have - there's just been a confluence of just, you know, just a cynicism, I think.","So, will Michael Phelps be the person who emerges as the American with the greatest number of gold medals and, you know, sort of the Mark Spitz of the new millennium?","Well, you know, they were kind of hyping that last time, too. And don't be surprised. You might think that, from our standpoint - our meaning the United States and marketing - people would love to say, well, who's the American who's going to kind of put us on the marketing tip?And I think that that's part of the problem, too, Tony, is that we're focus - we want Michael Phelps to win because there's marketing, where - you've got a lot of Chinese swimmers, man, who are just waiting to ambush Phelps. So, on paper, it looks kind of good, but who knows?Allyson Felix may be the American who emerges as sort of the star and the salvation of our hopes over there.","Well, the race with Tyson Gay and - God, I'm kind of blocking on the name of the other runner who's the fastest man in the world at the moment - that ought to be pretty interesting."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A suggests that Michael Phelps winning is not guaranteed and marketing is not the only factor in determining the star athlete.","questions":"Which athlete does PersonA suggest may emerge as the star and the salvation of their hopes over there?","answer":"Allyson"}
{"text":["Yeah. And, of course, the child actors and their parents want success, too, don't they?They're ambitious.","They're ambitious. They want what it appears is coming easily to everyone else. I was incredibly lucky. My mother was not a stage parent. The boundaries weren't blurred between her career and mine. There are a lot of parents out there willing to look away to let things happen.","The more heartbreaking one to me - no, it's just a different form of heartbreaking - are the parents who are just ignorant to how this business works. And they can be told something like, oh, we all go out to dinner together. Oh, now it's just me and the boy, or now it's just me and the girl.","Among the sentences in your article that chilled me was this one - sexual predation has been part of the movie business since \"The Great Train Robbery,\" and since then, it has been systematically swept under the rug."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) \"B: You once said to (laughter) a contestant - I wonder if you even remember it. I'm going to do my bad Paul Hollywood imitation now. (Imitating accent) Your ganache lacks shine.\" implies that B is telling a funny story about A's past behavior, specifically about A's imitation of Paul Hollywood's critique of a contestant's ganache. The literal meaning is just a description of B's words and actions.","questions":"How did PersonB imitate Paul Hollywood in the past?","answer":"Imitating"}
{"text":["That's a harsh statement. I mean, you know, some of us were expecting - I mean because this is a very delicate matter for Barack Obama. On the one hand he wants to keep those civil rights establishment figures behind him, supporting him throughout this general election period, but at the same time he knows well that if he can create a little bit of distance with Jesse Jackson, he may be able to pull on more moderate Democrats, white and black, and maybe even some moderate Republicans.","But Jesse Jackson, Jr.  seems to have taken the lead and seems particularly angry and personally offended by what his father had done. And it suggests that the relationship there is somewhat fractured as well.","Let's go deeper, linguistically into this. When, at the time that I spoke with Reverend Jackson, and this was yesterday, we believed, knowing what we did, we being most of the press, that he had said that Senator Obama had emasculated himself. As it turned out, the phrase was much rougher and much more, you know, I want to blank, blank, blank. Is there a difference between those two ways, neither of them particularly nice, of parsing out lack of manhood?","Well, you know, I actually read that slightly differently. When I heard about the specific comments and the castration and sort of the anger in which it was delivered, even though it was a whisper of. I immediately began to think back historically about, you know, the ways and which powerful black men, or uppity black men were punished."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Obama needs to balance his support from civil rights figures and moderate Democrats and Republicans","questions":"What does Obama want to balance?","answer":"Balance"}
{"text":["Hudson is confident that Broadway Federal Bank won't be harmed by the recent spate of bankruptcies and bailouts. Though the bank specializes in real estate and caters to minority investors, it never got caught up in the subprime mortgage game that has become the downfall of other banks.","In order to play in that game, you had to have large volumes and small margins, which has made mortgages like commodities. So the Countrywides, the WAMUs, the big mortgage companies, you would lose your shirt trying to compete with it. So, really, the small banks had to stand on the sidelines while a lot of money was being made by churning these loans and fees, and people were making huge amounts of money, banks were very profitable, and we weren't able to participate. But now, you know, the kind of like slow and steady feels very good right now.","Now, Hudson says he's starting to get a lot more calls from people who want to put their money in Broadway Federal.","Here's what used to happen in the old days. People would only put 100,000 dollars in Broadway because they knew that was the maximum FDIC insurance. They put a million dollars in Bank of America. They figured, well, I only - because Bank of America only has the same insurance as we do, only a 100,000. So they left 900,000 dollars uninsured because they said, well, that's Bank of America. I'm only worried about Broadway. I'm not worried about Bank of America."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Broadway Federal Bank is in a better position than other banks because it did not get involved in subprime mortgages.","questions":"Which type of mortgages became the downfall of other banks?","answer":"Subprime"}
{"text":["One of the stories in the collection is called \"Missed Connection-m4w\" - men for women - and it begins sort of like a Craigslist post in missed connections and then evolves from there. And you actually first published this on Craigslist. Is that right?","Yeah. What the story is about is about this guy who can't work up the nerve to talk to this woman sitting on the same train car as him. And in fact, 60 years pass where they. . .","He also can't get up and leave.","He - yeah. Well, 'cause he's paralyzed by this idea of who this woman is even though he never actually talks to her. But - so I had the idea to write this fake missed connection and just post it anonymously on Craigslist."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : paralyzed by this idea  implies being confused and weak","questions":"How was the protagonist feeling towards the woman on the train?","answer":"Paralyzed."}
{"text":["And how much do we know at this moment in time, this early in the day, about what the damage is up there?","You know, we saw reports. As we were doing live coverage, we saw reports of damage start to trickle in. But, really, right after an earthquake, it is, like, fog of war. No one knows what's going on. Emergency responders are just going out trying to survey the damage. We did hear reports of fires.","We got some calls into our - into KPCC of people telling us that they had fallen. One woman said that she thought maybe she broke her wrist. And there were a lot of people who were just afraid to go back into their houses, which is another big thing with big earthquakes - is that it disrupts people's lives not just for that one moment, but continuously, especially after aftershock after aftershock after aftershock keeps hitting.","All right. Well, we'll be getting updates throughout the morning. And thanks very much for joining us. KPCC's Jacob Margolis, science reporter and host of a podcast called \"The Big One: Your Survival Guide. \"Thank you, Jacob."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : fog of war implies there was mass chaiotic confusion going on.","questions":"Which term describes the situation after an earthquake that causes confusion and lack of information?","answer":"War"}
{"text":["Well, I think so. Among Republicans here in Utah, there are a variety of different flavors of Republicanism. And I think there are non-Mormon Republicans in the state who expressed concern about his readiness for office and some of the other statements that he made, in the same way that many other Republicans around the country have expressed concern.","At the same time, Hillary Clinton, the Democratic nominee, seems to have made a real specific and concrete direct appeal to Utah voters, hasn't she?","I think that's right. She published an op-ed in The Deseret News referencing LDS Church history and talking in ways that would have resonated with many Mormons or at least the language would resonate. Whether or not people who have come to some judgments, rightly or wrongly, about Hillary Clinton will ultimately be swayed by that is another question. But there's no question that Hillary Clinton or her campaign are reaching out to Mormons in a way that is different from what we've seen from Democratic candidates in the past.","Any sign of increased support or at least interest in third-party candidates?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Please read the examples above carefully!\" - Implied meaning: Pay attention to the examples given before continuing.","questions":"Which turn is mentioned in the statement?","answer":"Turn1"}
{"text":["There's no simple answer to that. What will happen, some of our experiments will be back up and running within two or three weeks. Some of the most complex genetic processes will probably take over a year to get back together. And, you know, disruptions like this push us to think hard about what we want to do and where we want to go.","So I think even though I wouldn't have chosen this - and it really is tremendously sad to have lost our partners in these mice - it's going to push us to think about some new directions which we might not have tried had this not happened. So there is a bit of a silver lining to that.","I wonder if your colleagues are as cheery about this, or at least as optimistic about it as you are.","You know, I've really been impressed and really hardened by the way everyone around me at NYU and people all over the world - I was talking to Ben Crowley(ph) of the New York Times, and I mentioned that I had gotten some 40-odd emails. That's doubled since then. And these are individuals who are offering to give me my own lines back, give me their own lines, to help me with space and resources, to literally take over my experiments until we get back on our feet."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The loss of their partners in mice experiments can lead to new research directions","questions":"How can the loss of their partners in mice experiments be viewed?","answer":"Opportunity"}
{"text":["That's a great question. Things are definitely improving in the eurozone. It is unfortunately too early to say that they're out of the woods or even completely out of their recession.","I gather that most of the growth appears to be centered in Germany and to a lesser degree France. And is this then just a case of work with the best economies to begin with getting a little bit better?","Well, Germany has been the better of the European economies, since they're getting a little bit better. France has struggled. Portugal had some good numbers last quarter. That's encouraging. But you're right, we are still deeply worried about other places, such as Italy, Spain and, of course, Greece.","Well, that brings up the question because unemployment still continues to be perniciously high in Spain and Greece. Does this improvement somehow filter through to them?","Well, it certainly will - should if it continues, but you need faster growth rates than this. The hope is that this is the beginning of a faster recovery. But the way the European economy is, roughly speaking, you need more than 1 percent per year annualized growth rate in order to reduce unemployment. Unemployment's very high. We want to be seeing on an annualized basis 2 percent, perhaps even 3 percent in this recovery phase in order to feel that they've really turned the corner.","You need greater growth to be able to spur greater hiring and to lower the unemployment."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The eurozone is still in a precarious economic position and not fully recovered yet.","questions":"How would you describe the current economic situation in the eurozone?","answer":"Improving"}
{"text":["Now, again, I spent my life being hassled by white cops. And the first thing I thought was, do you mean to tell me after everything I've been through, that St.  Peter is a white cop?That was the first thing that went through my mind.","Oh, my gosh. Well, that is a clear sign of your sense of humor. Brian, just stay with us. We won't keep you too much longer. Brian Copeland is the author of the book and creator of the production \"Not a Genuine Black Man. \"","And next on NEWS & NOTES, if you or someone you love is struggling with depression or mental illness, where do you turn?We've got two medical experts with a long history of promoting mental health. Plus, we read from your letters.","I'm Farai Chideya, and this is NEWS & NOTES. This month, we are focusing on the critical issue of mental health. We're also speaking with Brian Copeland, the author of the book and creator of the production \"Not a Genuine Black Man. \""],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Where do you turn\" implies that you need someone to talk to about an issue.","questions":"Which issue is NEWS & NOTES focusing on this month?","answer":"Mental"}
{"text":["Initially, Manaf was very close to Bassel. I mean, he was his childhood friend. But when Bassel died and Bashar became the heir, obviously, the friendship and the loyalties were transferred to Bashar. And Manaf was by Bashar's side, you know, from the get-go.","You know, in 2011, when the uprising started, here, Manaf made the break and said, you know, I'm not going to be like my father, Mustafa; I'm not going to kill, you know, to preserve this regime. So he stepped back and eventually had to leave the country.","When you talked to Manaf Tlass, who was a loyalist for so long, what does he say is the moment when he said, I got to get out of this - this friendship, this country?","Initially, when the uprising started, Manaf was trying to convince Bashar not to use violence, not to actually shoot protesters. But the problem is, you know, Bashar was surrounded by these hardliners - his brother Maher al-Assad and his cousin Hafez Makhlouf. So this is very much a family affair ruling Syria. These people were for actually shooting people from the first day. And the idea was if you shot enough people from the first day, you would scare them off the streets. That was the logic."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The hardliners around Bashar were responsible for using violence against protesters","questions":"Which logic did the hardliners follow?","answer":"First"}
{"text":["Good morning.","The White House - rather, the House and the Senate worked out the differences between their tax bills. What are some of the highlights of this final legislation?","There are big cuts for corporations in here, also for pass-through businesses, where owners pay taxes as an individual. There are individual tax cuts. Those by and large go more toward wealthy earners. And those tax cuts will expire in 2025. But Republicans made a calculation here that whoever's in control of Congress next decade will not be super thrilled to raise taxes on a lot of voters. So that's that.","I think it's worth noting that Republicans all along sold this as not just tax cuts but a simplification of the tax code. You heard President Trump and House Speaker Paul Ryan say, you can file your taxes on a postcard. By and large, they did not simplify the tax code here. There are still seven brackets. There's still a lot of deductions, a lot of loopholes, a lot of language. So. . .","Five hundred pages."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : This implies that there's a lot of deduction or loopholes in the tax code.","questions":"Which word describes the amount of pages in the final legislation?","answer":"Five"}
{"text":["The one and perhaps most controversial part of the law, the show-me-your-papers, though, that was upheld?","Preliminarily. You know, it was struck down on a preliminary injunction. There's still a lawsuit pending out in Arizona, and the court said for now, we're going to allow this to go forward with a couple understandings. And the understanding is that, yes, if a policeman stops someone in Arizona and, say, they don't have a driver's license, and the officer thinks this person may be here illegally, the officer can then check with the federal immigration authorities and say, do you want us to hold this person, or do you want to come and get this person?","If the federal government says no, that's the end of the matter. Justice Kennedy said this verification process should not result in prolonged detention. So he seemed to say if it's just a check and a notification, that's OK. If it's jailing somebody and holding them because Arizona thinks they're illegal, that's not OK.","And you said preliminarily, so this is clearly not the last word on that."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : if a policeman stops someone in Arizona and, say, they don't have a driver's license, and the officer thinks this person may be here illegally, the officer can then check with the federal immigration authorities and say, do you want us to hold this person, or do you want to come and get this person?\" - The actual meaning is that police officers can check with federal immigration authorities to determine whether someone is in the country illegally or not.","questions":"How can a police officer in Arizona determine if someone is in the country illegally?","answer":"Check"}
{"text":["It's a really exciting time for us, Ira, to - it's only five years in, and it's been a tremendous success story for the company. Handsets really have taken off. We're at a point now where almost half of all handsets in the world made are smartphones with some type of touch capability.","And then I'm sure you know of tablet computers, are very exciting, have grown quite magnificently in the last few years. And the market is starting to think about expanding touch interfaces with the different devices. If you think about your laptop computer, for example, or monitors or tabletops, even the front of a refrigerator, there's a lot more applications out there, we feel.","We feel that touch and the interface of touch is only going to grow.","Do you have to design and engineer the glass specifically to be touched as a utility?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The actual meaning is that smartphones with touch capabilities have become very popular, not that handsets have literally taken off.","questions":"What has become very popular in the world with some type of touch capability?","answer":"Smartphones"}
{"text":["You know, you're helping a lot of people, Mr.  Mayor.","Well, I hope I am. I don't see it, and that's what scares me most of all. We care about everybody. We have to reach out for all of them and try to be successful for them to help them be that support deal for them. It's not a positive day every day, but you have to make it into one.","The mayor of Fulton, Texas, Jimmy Kendrick - thanks so much for being with us, Mr.  Mayor. Good luck to you.","Well, I appreciate it. And just keep us in your prayers. It's always nice to have a prayer given for us."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) \"I don't see it, and that's what scares me most of all\" - This implies that the mayor is feeling uncertain about the outcome of his actions, which is different from the literal meaning of the sentence. ","questions":"What is the mayor feeling?","answer":"Uncertain"}
{"text":["But won't you be driving down the price of platinum if you start bringing it back to Earth?","I'll tell you, Ira, nothing would make me happier. The story of aluminum, if you - it's a really interesting one if you go and look it up.","Yeah.","Even though aluminum is 10 percent of our Earth's crust, we could never get to it until the 18th century because it was in oxides and we didn't know how to get it. So back in the day of Napoleon's court, when he had his most VIP guests, he would pull out the aluminum and leave the gold and silver for the nobles."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Even though aluminum is 10 percent of our Earth's crust, we could never get to it until the 18th century because it was in oxides and we didn't know how to get it. So back in the day of Napoleon's court, when he had his most VIP guests, he would pull out the aluminum and leave the gold and silver for the nobles.\"  The literal meaning of this turn suggests that Napoleon preferred aluminum over gold and silver. However, the actual meaning of this turn is that aluminum was once considered a precious metal, and was more valuable than gold and silver during Napoleon's time.","questions":"What metal was once considered more valuable than gold and silver during Napoleon's time?","answer":"Aluminum"}
{"text":["What about William Thompson, Jr. ?Originally of Brooklyn, now of Manhattan. He actually won the Democratic nomination four years ago and ran an unexpectedly close race.","Oh, absolutely. And interestingly enough, he's been part of the New York political establishment for a very long time. You hear people refer to him as Billy, because he's William Thompson, Jr.  His father was prominent in politics, generally well-liked in very much a known quantity.","Bill de Blasio of Brooklyn, the public advocate.","An interesting man - I guess you could still call him a young man. I was about to call him a young man. I've known him since we were both running around in sneakers. But he was an aide to David Dinkins. He was the campaign manager for Hillary Clinton when she ran for Senate here in New York and served a couple of terms in the New York City Council. So, he's been in and around this stuff for decades and now he thinks it's his time to go for the big chair."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using nonverbal cues, such as facial expressions or body language, to convey a message that complements or contradicts their spoken words.","questions":"What nonverbal cues may the speaker be using?","answer":"Facial"}
{"text":["How long do you think it would take you to build, and get operating, a system of the kinds of satellites that could deliver a significant amount of electrical power down to earth?","It might be quite a few years, maybe in 10 years. It's an enormous job. In fact, it's comparable in size to another moon landing and place a base on the moon. But it has a very significant output if we are successful.","Former NASA engineer, Glenn Smith, on his plan for space-based satellite collectors to beam solar power down to earth. Glenn, thank you.","OK, Alex. Good day."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The literal meaning of (3) is for thanking the engineer for his plan, but the actual meaning is to show appreciation for the engineer's work.","questions":"Which word in turn 2 implies that the engineer's work is valued more than just his plan?","answer":"Thank"}
{"text":["I did want to ask you about that. What do you think - does it say something that there are, at the moment, two dozen candidates in the Democratic field?I mean, does that say anything about - does it say anything about the party?Does it say something?","Well, I think it says that there's a whole lot of energy and engagement to make sure that this guy isn't reelected come 2020. And that is goal number one. And for folks that say, all right, we have to bring back some of the voters that voted with us, well, I've done that. I've won in some of the difficult places. When you talk about actually standing up with records, so many of the things that we're talking about in this field of 35 I've had direct influence and impact on as governor.","And finally, you've rejected the possibility of a Senate run, OK?And this has inspired, as I understand it - the Senate minority leader from New York, Chuck Schumer, has been aggressively trying to recruit candidates to take on these Senate races because the Democrats would very much like to take back the Senate. What do you say to people who say - forgive me, I'll just be blunt. . .","No, sure."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : something that was hinted at or suggested, but not directly stated.","questions":"How was something hinted at or suggested in the dialogue?","answer":"Hinted"}
{"text":["And it's the same university where, in the early days of gene therapy, a young man did die in a very early gene therapy study that set the field back, like, a decade. So the last thing these researchers want to do is, you know, do anything risky. They're taking it very carefully, being very slow. They're going to follow these patients for a long time to see if it's safe and how well it's working.","All right. There's a lot at stake here. And this isn't the only study, I understand, that's trying to use CRISPR to treat diseases. What else is going on?","Yeah, yeah. It's actually a really exciting time for - in the world for CRISPR and medical treatments right now. There's about a half a dozen studies that are - have been going in China for cancer for a while. And now another half a dozen or so are being launched in Europe, in the United States and in countries like Canada that try to treat a variety of diseases. In the first one are blood disorders. One is known as beta thalassemia. That first patient was treated there in Germany recently. And then there's - another trial is going to be starting soon in this country to try to use CRISPR to treat sickle cell disease. So it's a lot happening right now with CRISPR and diseases.","And it sounds like it's still early days."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of this sentence is that it is still early in the development of CRISPR-based treatments. However, the implied meaning is that it is still too soon to tell if these treatments will be successful.","questions":"How would you describe the success of CRISPR-based treatments?","answer":"Early"}
{"text":["Every president in his or - his - well, I should say his or her. Every president in their first year has an unexpected crisis, whether it's national security, a natural disaster, domestic unrest. This is certainly shaping up to be Donald Trump's unexpected crisis. And I think he realizes that. And the stakes are getting higher, and I think that's why he's lashing out more because I think he realizes what's going on.","It's moved to the capital. As we said Secretary Price has resigned, but at least three more Cabinet members face similar accusations about charter jets. Whatever happened to them, can the Trump administration say they'll drain the swamp when they seem to be flying over it in private jets?","You, know, this reminds me of that line from \"The Godfather\" about Mr.  Corleone likes his bad news early. Donald Trump is not like bad news. And this was starting to spread to other cabinet members, obviously. And I think the we'll-see when he was asked whether Trump - I mean, whether Price should resign was his way of signaling, yes. And sure enough, Tom Price offered his resignation. And unlike the Session's case, the president accepted it because I think he sees this for the irony that it is of his own cabinet doing what he campaigned exactly against.","Is the Republican Party offering much of a profile of leadership at the moment?- can't get Repeal and Replace passed, the tax code seems - proposal seems fuzzy, federal response seems to certainly be slow if not negligent in Puerto Rico. We could go on."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) - The actual meaning is that every president in their first year faces unexpected challenges, and Donald Trump is currently facing one. He may be feeling the pressure and acting out as a result.","questions":"What is the unexpected crisis that every president faces in their first year according to turn 0?","answer":"Crisis"}
{"text":["Thank you. Thanks for having me.","Now, the books were released on inauguration day. I don't know if that was significant or not. Tell us if it was and what inspired these collections?","Well, these collections I have been thinking about for a long time. I've been talking about it with my agent for sometime about doing something like this. The big fear was that, no publisher would be that interested in it because they wouldn't think the collection could be sustained over a period of time doing it every year. But Bantam believed it and so Bantam, we ultimately made a deal with Bantam to do it. The date wasn't really significant. I mean, the date turned out to be significant but we had set the date a long time before and we were just hoping that Obama would win so the date would really have some significance but it was all an accident. It turned out well though.","Now, you're going to - we've had anthologies before obviously. But the new thing about this anthology is that you're going to try to publish it annually. How difficult do you think that is likely to be?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : the question \"How difficult do you think that is likely to be?\" is not actually asking for a prediction of the level of difficulty. The interviewer is asking about the author's thoughts on the sustainability of publishing an anthology annually.","questions":"What is the interviewer actually asking about when he asks \"How difficult do you think that is likely to be?\"","answer":"Sustainability"}
{"text":["Four-hundred-fifty advisers - a good step, enough?","It's OK as far as it goes. It's clearly not enough. We already have about 3,100 Americans there. And ISIS has momentum, and this is not going to change that, I think.","Congressman, what do you say to, I think, a lot of Americans, including some Republicans who might be listening to this interview, who say America doesn't have a good history of sending troops to Iraq?And they're worried about sending any more.","Yeah, I worry about that, too. Clearly, the preferred option is for the Iraqis themselves to provide security for their own country. They have not been very successful at doing that so far. And so we've sent folks back into Iraq after having left there prematurely, in my view. But when we send them back, we only allow them to train Iraqis inside the bases. We do not allow the advisers to go out into the field with them."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This statement implies that Americans are skeptical about sending more troops to Iraq due to the country's previous history with military involvement in Iraq.","questions":"Which country has Americans been skeptical about sending more troops to due to its previous history with military involvement?","answer":"Iraq"}
{"text":["For the second time in as many months, Mozambique is recovering from a deadly cyclone. In March, it was you Idai. This time it's Kenneth. Kenneth was a Category 4 cyclone when it made landfall in the north of the country last week. Devastating winds were followed by days of torrential rain and widespread flooding. The government says at least 38 people have died.","For more, we're joined by Deborah Nguyen with the United Nations World Food Programme. She's in Pemba, near the center of the storm's path. And to begin, can you tell us what the damage looks like on the streets of Pemba right now?","In Pemba itself right now it's completely flooded. It has rained for the past two days, which is making humanitarian aid difficult.","Currently you're involved with the teams who are distributing food. What kind of food are you bringing to people?And how are you able to reach them?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The cyclones in Mozambique have caused a lot of destruction and loss of life.","questions":"How many cyclones have hit Mozambique recently?","answer":"Two"}
{"text":["Well, speaking of that, sir, you're the only Democrat to support President Trump's nominee for CIA director, Gina Haspel. Republican SEnator McCain won't support her. Why does she have your vote?","Gina Haspel has my vote. I sat on in intelligence, so I've been privileged as one of a hundred senators - there's only 15 of us to get to see the deep dive, if you will, into the intelligence. That gives me the comfort level I have. Forget about being a Democrat or a Republican. Here's a woman of impeccable career with the United States government, working in some of the most dangerous places in the world. She's done everything asked about. She didn't break any laws. No one said she's broken a law. They're asking her on her moral values. After 9\/11, this was the rules of engagement of what they were doing for intelligence gathering. I have not found a reason for me not to vote for the most qualified person I've ever seen come before us in that agency. She was - she was not in charge. And everyone makes it look like she made these decisions. They were not her decisions to make.","Senator Joe Manchin of West Virginia, thank you so much for speaking with us.","Thank you, Lulu."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : He worked on the intelligence committee and learned a great deal of things that most people don't know about the world.","questions":"Which committee did he work on?","answer":"Intelligence"}
{"text":["They are illiterate. We don't have an education system. We don't have a civic education campaign. And so, there's just like a perfect storm of just so many things that makes Haiti so hard to govern. And I think for outsiders, it's very hard for people to understand why it seems to be in a perpetual state of chaos and crisis. But, you know. . .","So, where's the hope?I mean, you know, you must have hope, some flicker of it?","I do have hope. The hope, I think, is that, you know - the hope comes from people like myself. We have 1. 5 million Haitians living outside of Haiti, and a million of them are in the U. S. , the rest are in Canada and France. And, you know, we love the country. We care about what happens there. We are pushing for better policy.","You know, there are a couple of people in Congress who are very good friends of Haiti. Kendrick Meek, for instance, in the U. S.  House, he's from Florida, and before that, his mother was also a congresswoman. So, you know, the Black Caucus is involved."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Pushing for better policy implies that we are actively working to achieve a better policy to be produced by the government. ","questions":"Which action is implied by \"pushing for better policy\"?","answer":"Advocacy"}
{"text":["You know, it's quite clear that it is a cherry-picked narrative. But reading it makes you wonder if that's an insult to cherries.","(Laughter) Which, after all, have many valuable antioxidants. Before it was released, a lot of Democrats said the result of releasing the memo would be catastrophic. Last night and today, many Democrats seem to be saying, is that all you got?Are you kidding?","Well, for some, it's more a dud than a slam dunk. But at the same time, of course, the Democrats want to release their own memo - their critique memo - their response or rebuttal. And that's going to be the big focus when we get back here on Monday.","Rod Rosenstein - long for his position in the Justice Department?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Before it was released, a lot of Democrats said the result of releasing the memo would be catastrophic.Last night and today, many Democrats seem to be saying, is that all you got?Are you kidding?\" Implicated meaning: The speaker is highlighting the difference between the Democrats' initial reaction to the release of the memo and their reaction after its release. They suggest that the Democrats' fears of catastrophic consequences were unfounded and that the memo did not contain anything significant or damaging.","questions":"How did many Democrats react after the release of the memo?","answer":"Mixed"}
{"text":["So in terms of what to do about it, we've said Twitter and Facebook have shut down these accounts, which prompts me to wonder - does shutting down a fake account do that much?Can't the Chinese government, if it's determined to go down this path, just open up two new ones in place of the one that was closed?","It is a cat-and-mouse game, and the companies are constantly trying to get ahead of it. You know, they will try to apply machine learning and artificial intelligence, but it is not a long-term solution. As you said, they can always set up new accounts.","Adam Segal, thanks.","My pleasure. Thanks for having me.","He is director of digital and cyberspace policy at the Council on Foreign Relations, talking there about the move by Facebook and Twitter. They have shut down hundreds of fake accounts they say were created by the Chinese government."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Mice are constantly trying to get away from cats and cats are constantly trying to catch mice. In the same way, the Chinese government will always be trying to escape restrictions on social media accounts and media companies will always be trying to find fake accounts.","questions":"How does the director of digital and cyberspace policy at the Council on Foreign Relations describe the efforts to combat fake accounts on social media platforms?","answer":"Cat-and-mouse"}
{"text":["I would disagree that they are a gift. You know, for one thing, they are going not necessarily to the insurance companies. They're ultimately going to low-income Americans to help them afford their co-payments and afford their deductibles. So, you know, on that level, they don't seem like a bailout or a gift to the insurance companies. They are required by the law. The law requires these subsidies to be made. So they're really - you know, I see them as part of the Affordable Care Act and not necessarily a bailout.","The president has also said, Sarah, that the insurance companies, in his words, made a fortune with Obamacare. Is that true?What do the numbers show?","The numbers are a lot more mixed. The best data on this probably comes from the nonprofit Kaiser Family Foundation, which looks at quarterly margins - so how much insurance companies have each quarter leftover after paying out all those claims. In 2014 and 2015, insurance companies had a quarterly margin of just about $20 a person. That's not a ton of money. It's gone up as the Obamacare markets have stabilized.","In 2016, it was about $90 a person, so it's definitely getting better. But the insurance markets - you know, I've covered them since they launched. And they've really been a very rocky experience for insurance companies financially. They didn't know how to price at first. People were sicker than they expected. It's only in the past year that insurance companies have made decent profits there, but I think of them as a mixed bag when it comes to financial performance."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Insurance companies did not make a significant profit from Obamacare in the beginning.","questions":"What was the quarterly margin of insurance companies per person in 2014 and 2015?","answer":"20"}
{"text":["Our concern is that the technology, regardless of where you buy it from, is just not ready for that. It will lead to bias. It will lead to false identifications. People will be put in the back of police cars when they've done nothing wrong. It seemed to us to be a step too far.","Now, on the other hand, Microsoft has provided the technology to a prison. Microsoft researchers have worked with a Chinese military-run university on AI research that some people fear could be used against China's minorities. So to you, where is the line when it comes to helping governments gain and use these kinds of tools?","We need to look constantly at the technology that's at issue and how it's going to be used. We were comfortable providing facial recognition within a prison because the sample size of people involved is actually relatively small. We could be confident that people would be identified correctly. And there was a societally beneficial goal, namely to actually help keep prisoners safe by knowing who was where and at what time.","More broadly, we've supported basic research, advances in the fundamental frontiers of knowledge. You know, we're not working, for example, with authorities in China to deploy facial recognition services for surveillance. But when you get to the bottom foundation for all artificial intelligence, advances in machine learning and the like, we believe that that's where there are real benefits for people able to work on advancing scientific knowledge more generally."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The use of facial recognition technology can lead to bias, false identifications, and wrongful arrests, which is a serious concern.","questions":"Which technology is a serious concern due to its potential to cause bias and wrongful arrests?","answer":"Facial."}
{"text":["You know, it's the - there's not formal groups that kind of, you know, identify themselves. They don't have a problem with some other towns in the South where there's like, you know, revived Klan groups and such. I'm aware of the SPLC's research and such. But it's more - I think it's less formal than that but it's probably no less prevalent.","One of the things I'd like to ask you, because you're a person who has been writing about this and the photographs have been printed and seen around the country - the role of the media in covering this, does it make it better, does it make it worst?","Well, I think that really depends on, you know, literally what skin you're in, you know?A lot of the - many of the black folks in that town are very happy to see outside attention brought, they hoped that that scrutiny is going to force some changes down there. But by the same token many of the white folks are just outraged and they think that, you know, this is outsiders meddling in their affairs and they ought to just get their nose out of their business. There was the local Methodist preacher the last time I was there a month ago who told me that I was no better than a Christ killer but you know, you just kind of have to have thick skin.","Howard, thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There are informal groups in the town that are not identified openly","questions":"How are the groups in the town identified?","answer":"Not"}
{"text":["Linda Greenhouse is co-author of \"Before Roe v.  Wade: Voices that Shaped the Abortion Debate Before the Supreme Court's Ruling. \"She joins us by phone from her office in New Haven, where she now teaches at Yale Law School. Good to have you back on the program.","Oh, thanks very much.","And one of the documents you reprinted is the story of Dr.  Jane Hodgson. What's her part in Roe v.  Wade?","Well, she didn't have a direct part in Roe against Wade. Jane Hodgson was a very courageous obstetrician-gynecologist in St.  Paul, Minnesota in the early 1970s. Before Roe she was a Mayo Clinic-trained doctor. And she decided to test, to challenge the Minnesota criminal abortion law. She had a patient who had contracted German measles very early in her pregnancy. And people my age might remember, before there were immunizations, that there were epidemics of German measles that swept through the country, and when it hit somebody early in pregnancy, it had a very high probability of causing serious birth defects."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : when something sweeps or swept through, it means it came through quickly","questions":"What was the patient's condition that Dr. Jane Hodgson's case was based on?","answer":"German,Measles"}
{"text":["You know, it'd be nice if we could all hold hands and hug each other and sing \"Kumbaya\" and it be like that. But fact is, whether we like it or not, our country and virtually every other country in the world has become heavily dependent on satellites. So it's natural that you're going to see warfighting move up into that domain.","We've got to stay ahead of that. Now, hopefully, if we're smart and effective at this, it will have a chilling effect on anybody wanting to try and go there because that's one of the things that we have found keeps war at bay, is when you're the biggest, baddest cat on the block. Nobody wants to bother with you. We are not maintaining that status when it comes to space like we are terrestrially.","Congressman Mike Rogers of Alabama, thank you so much for joining us.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Being the dominant power in space can deter others from challenging us in that domain.","questions":"What can keep war at bay in space?","answer":"Being"}
{"text":["It's my pleasure, Scott. Thank you for having me.","Is the ACLU a fig leaf for Nazis?","No, sir. We are the premier defenders of freedom of speech and racial justice and the rights of all people in the U. S.  For almost a hundred years, our mission has been to defend the rights of everyone, even people we hate. And ultimately, this is about making sure the government never has the authority or the ability to censor speech because it finds it loathsome or disgusting. There are ways for government to regulate speech. It's got to be neutral. There are time, place, manner restrictions that are perfectly appropriate and legitimate. And yet, it can never be because we don't like what folks say.","What about when the marchers are armed, though?Doesn't that make a difference to public safety?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The composition of Congress and Senate may undergo substantial changes over the next two election cycles as more and more sexual harassment allegations continue to surface against longstanding members of Congress.","questions":"How might the government regulate speech according to the ACLU?","answer":"Manner"}
{"text":["See how he do his mom?","Ms.  O'BRIEN: Ira struggles to provide for her large family, working two jobs: as a real estate agent and a licensed massage therapist.","I can't stop. I push myself more now than I ever have. There's times that, especially the summertime, I didn't come home until like 8 o'clock at night sometimes.","So what did you learn from talking to her?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : I am working harder now than I used to, sometimes until late at night","questions":"What is the reason for your exhaustion?","answer":"work"}
{"text":["Hopelessness and uncertainty.","Are people trying to leave, and is that something you've considered?","Many people have no choice. And they think - the only thing - I can leave the country. But how can they do that with the huge amount of limitations on Iranians' travelings (ph) and economical limits?They cannot do that. It is very, very difficult for them. And now we see a lot of Iranians who are abroad the country who are evacuating. They cannot do it anymore because of the higher dollar prices. They have to return to the country. It is very difficult situation for them.","Well, thank you so much for speaking with us and sharing your story."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Leaving the country is not a viable option for many Iranians due to travel limitations and economic difficulties.","questions":"How difficult is it for many Iranians to leave the country?","answer":"impossible"}
{"text":["Several of them. I mean, Espanola had only 14 individuals left in the 1960s, and then it was 12 females and two males. A third male was found in the San Diego Zoo and brought back to Galapagos (unintelligible) 1975. And there have now been about 2,000 young tortoises released back to that island through the reproduction program at the tortoise center here on Santa Cruz.","The same holds true for several of the other populations. I would say many of the populations are out of danger. But we're still, given the exploitation from the 1800s, the total tortoise population of Galapagos is still about 10 to 20 percent of the original population. So we have a long way to go to bring them back to the original populations.","A couple of questions tweeted and asked by listeners of the same ilk, saying: Would it be possible to clone him?","OK, this is an interesting thing, and we are trying to save some of Lonesome George's tissues, cells. Cloning in reptiles has really not been developed at all, and we're doing - a few mammals seem to be doing OK, but in general the technology, the methodology to actually clone reptiles is decades away.","So hopefully they will be able to maintain cells as in cryogenics, and who knows in the future, but at the moment, it would be impossible."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"decades away\" - This implies that the technology to clone reptiles is still a long way off and not currently available, rather than just being a matter of waiting for a few years.","questions":"How long until reptile cloning technology is expected to be developed?","answer":"Decades"}
{"text":["So Exclusive Brethren - tell us about who they are and what they believe in.","Well, they started out as the Plymouth Brethren in the 1830s, at a time when there were lots of small groups breaking away from the established church. And they set themselves up to live by the principles of the early Christian church and to worship together and not have priests. It was all very egalitarian. It was very pure.","And within a couple of decades, they started to split. And there was one group that split off from the main group because they thought the main group weren't being strict enough or separatist enough. My family began - I'm fourth-generation Exclusive Brethren. Then in the '60s, the 1960s, just before I was born, a new leader took over and decided that they still weren't strict enough.","(Laughter) Oh, wow."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Oh, wow.\" - This turn's actual meaning is different from its literal meaning. In this context, it is used sarcastically to express disbelief or surprise.","questions":"What is the tone of PersonB's response in turn 3?","answer":"Sarcastic"}
{"text":["Well, on Iran, there's been reports in the past week that he is moving to set up a U. S.  interests office in Iran, which is not quite an embassy, but it's sort of a transition to an embassy. He has - the Treasury Department for the past couple of years has begun a very fine-tuned sanctions program focusing on getting international banks to stop doing business with Iran. So, a little bit of sticks and carrots is happening already, and that may create the basis for a more comprehensive approach.","And finally, let's talk about Russia. Relations were frayed between the United States and Russia over the summer during the Georgia contretemps. And I'm wondering, is there anything there that Senator Obama can do, anything happening now to ease his path to restoring diplomatic relations?","Well, you know, much of this seems to be resting on this plan to put missile defenses in the Czech Republic and Poland. President Medvedev of Russia has said, if you do that, we're going to put short-range missiles in Kaliningrad.","It seems to me that Obama is not so enthusiastic about missile defense as Bush was. He has said, yeah, I'm in favor of the program if it can be proved to work. Well, it hasn't been proved to work, so I think he can work out a deal with Russia where we gently back off of missile defense; they back off everything else. I think there are some diplomatic possibilities here that have not been explored by the Bush administration because of their doctrinaire advocacy for missile defense."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Russia is opposing US plans to put missile defenses in the Czech Republic and Poland.","questions":"What country has opposed the US plans to put missile defenses in the Czech Republic and Poland?","answer":"Russia"}
{"text":["Well, I needed to write about this in the same way I needed to write about the St.  Paul's School experience. It changed my life. It turned it upside down. There was so much love inside. It's like a Scotch egg, you know, with love under this crust of confusion and rage and mistakes. And my only way to understand that is to write it.","How'd you come up with ladysitting (ph)?I love it.","That was the word we used in our house for staying with Nana. My grandmother would sometimes say, I guess you have to get somebody to babysit me. We'd say, no, no, Nana. We're going to get somebody to ladysit you. And it was sort of the way we could acknowledge - like, you had to acknowledge her vulnerability but not in a way that was hurtful or made her feel even more vulnerable.","Well, it's an elegant solution to that. That's kind of what the book is about - is how. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A life can not literally be turned upside down. The implied meaning is that the life is greatly disrupted.","questions":"Which word describes the love inside like a Scotch egg in turn 0?","answer":"Disrupted"}
{"text":["This is News & Notes. I'm Farai Chideya. In 1944, an Italian prisoner of war was lynched in a riot. It took place at Fort Lawton in Seattle, Washington. Forty-three black soldiers were charged in the incident; 28 of them were convicted. More than 60 years later, the Army Board of Correction overturned the convictions. The military found major issues with the soldiers' court martial. Joining us today is Howard Cooley. He's an attorney with the law firm Patrick Henry. The firm represented the family of Booker Townsell, one of the soldiers charged in the case. Thank you for joining me.","Thank you, and thank you for having me.","So tell us about Booker Townsell. Who was he, and what had he been through before and after the court martial?","He was a young man who was drafted in World War II, like so many other people. Seems to have had a - not a - nothing remarkable about his background, from what I'm able to understand. And - but he did become quite remarkable during World War II because he became a prisoner - he had to guard some prisoners of war, some Italian prisoners of war. And the riot broke out and then he, as a result of that, he was convicted, he was dismissed from the service with adverse honors."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"tell us about\" - this is a commonly used phrase to ask someone to share information or their thoughts, but its actual meaning is to ask for an overview or summary of a particular topic or person.","questions":"Which phrase is commonly used to ask for an overview or summary of a particular topic or person?","answer":"Tell"}
{"text":["Your own ministry was, at one point, attacked by a crowd. Does the government have a policy, when it comes to dealing with protesters - particularly if acts of violence occur?","Yesterday, as soon as I became aware that the ministry was being attacked, I came back and I asked for reinforcements, which were immediately provided. So, we managed to have a situation where no one was hurt and the crowd was controlled relatively quickly. This kind of degradation or attacks against the building, such as the foreign ministry, which is one that inhabitants of Brazilia and Brazilians in general are very proud of - it's an icon of modern architecture - are entirely unacceptable. And that for manifestations to carry a message that will be seriously heard and taken into account, they cannot include this kind of behavior.","Antonio Patriota is the foreign minister of Brazil, speaking with us from Brazilia. Thanks very much, sir.","Thank you very much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In this turn, the speaker is not just providing a straightforward answer to the question asked by the interviewer. Instead, they are using the opportunity to condemn the violent behavior of protesters and emphasize the importance of peaceful demonstrations. The implied meaning is that the government does have a policy for dealing with protesters, but the speaker is more interested in making a statement about the need for peaceful protest.","questions":"How did the speaker emphasize the importance of peaceful demonstrations?","answer":"Condemned"}
{"text":["The tragedy in Burma is it's just hard for us to comprehend. It is true that the current projections are that the numbers will rise significantly. I've heard numbers as high as 50,000 people being killed. So it's something that just automatically pulls at the heartstrings.","And you know, Farai, scientists have discovered that human beings are actually wired to be altruistic, so it's a part of our DNA. It's natural for us to want to give. We see a crisis, we want to give. And so I think it's really important to acknowledge that, and to really encourage people to give. It can. The giving, overwhelming giving for a major public emergency like this can have a negative impact on other parts of the world. We've seen it in the past.","For example, when the tsunami hit Asia, several years ago, where a quarter of a million people lost their lives, you saw relief and development organizations flooded with donations. OxFam UK, at a certain point, actually had to refuse donations because they no longer had the capacity to actually program funds. So what I would actually advocate for those that are really interested in making contributions, is to give responsibly. To really look at those organizations that you are interested in making a contribution to, and making your donation in flexible kinds of ways. . .","So, for general support as opposed to necessarily for one thing."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : When making a donation, it's important to do research and give to organizations in a flexible way.","questions":"Which approach to giving is suggested for those interested in making contributions?","answer":"Flexible"}
{"text":["Well, I think people that are overly tied to capitalism and who think that capitalism - and, once again, I speak as a Wharton grad, is the be all and end all of economic systems and that people who are uncomfortable looking at the poor. And there are, you know, not a few Catholics who are like that.","Jim, did the College of Cardinals expect this from the man they chose to be pope?","I don't think so. I think that they expected a person who's holy and came make tough decisions and live simply, but I don't think they expected someone who would shake things up quite this way. And, you know, frankly, most Jesuits who knew him didn't expect this either. But, you know, it shows you once again the power of the Holy Spirit. The Holy Spirit does what the Holy Spirit wants to do.","Father James Martin, who's culture editor of the Jesuit magazine America. Thanks so much. Good holiday to you, Jim."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : the speaker is thanking Father James Martin for his insight and wishing him a good holiday.","questions":"Which holiday is wished to Father James Martin?","answer":"holiday"}
{"text":["How big a deal is this for you, Freddie Hubbard?Is this sort of a moment of, you know, am I able to do and be what I once was or am I having to accept that time has put me in a different place?Are you sort of at that?","So much that because you have to realize at one time or another in your career when you get a little older, you can't do the things that you did before. Now, it's been very hard for me to accept that. I never - I felt like - I always felt like I could blow it and nothing would never happen until this happened. So now, it's - no matter how hard I practice, it just seem like I can't do the plays I did. But people tell me, they say, man, you don't have to prove nothing. All you have to do is play good enough to get your point across because you're not going to play like - I'm not going to play like I did when you played those earlier records. And I'm just - it's hard for me to accept that, you know, all I want is young (unintelligible) getting off on me, you know.","Let's go back to 1964. This is \"Breaking Point. \"","See, I was trying to play like a saxophone."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : How important is this for the person and also they want to know if they are different now that they are older.","questions":"What year did they go back to in the conversation?","answer":"1964"}
{"text":["(Laughter).","So. . .","So I take it you don't like it.","I think it's kind of a joke. I think it has nothing to do with Wall Street.","Well, bullish markets - that sort of thing - yeah?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : The implied meaning of this turn is that B is suggesting that the joke is related to Wall Street, such as the stock market and other financial activities.","questions":"Which term describes the financial activity related to Wall Street that PersonB suggests the joke is related to in turn 4?","answer":"Stock"}
{"text":["Yeah. Well, a big one can come from any number of faults here in Southern California. So if you looked at a map of Southern California and wanted to imagine all the faults, just throw a pile of spaghetti down on it, and all those little strands would be faults all over the place. These - this set of faults is inland from the San Andreas.","And so there was a less-than-1% chance that we would've had an above-7. 0 magnitude earthquake yesterday following the 6. 4 on Thursday, and that happened. As of today, there is a less-than-2% chance that we could see another magnitude 7 today, but we're going to have to see how that shakes out.","The San Andreas is not directly impacted by these faults, as far as we know. But there are a whole lot of faults in that area that might've taken a strain of some of these smaller faults that - when they released all their energy, because that strain doesn't just go away. It has to go somewhere else. And some of the other faults in the area took it on.","And how much do we know at this moment in time, this early in the day, about what the damage is up there?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The chance of another big earthquake is still present and uncertain.","questions":"How uncertain is the chance of another big earthquake?","answer":"Treasury"}
{"text":["The proposed bailout of the auto industry, which includes $15 billion in loans and a car czar to oversee the company's business decisions, is being criticized by some people as too much government interference. Malcolm Salter has advised Ford and GM, and he has studied the auto industry for decades. He's a professor emeritus at Harvard Business School. Welcome to the program.","Good to be here.","Well, what do you think of that plan?","I have some very serious questions about oversight, and I think we're moving awfully quickly on this because, obviously, the events are forcing us to do so. But I have some concerns about this so-called car czar. I'm not quite sure I know what it means. I'm not quite sure I know what decision rights the car czar will have.","And if, in fact, the car czar does have decision rights such as reported the Wall Street Journal this morning, which was where they were to review and presumably review all transactions more than $25 million, that seems to me like pretty granular oversight. And the question that I would ask, who has sufficient specific knowledge to make those kind of decisions who really hasn't been involved in the auto industry?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Good to be here implies that it's very interesting and I'm accepting to be part of it","questions":"How did PersonA respond to PersonB's question about the proposed bailout plan?","answer":"Accepting"}
{"text":["We literally can't get to everyone, but let's begin with Mitt Romney. He memorably said last year - I'm going to quote - \"no, no, no, no, no, no\" to the idea of running again. What may have changed his mind?","Romney changed his mind about 2016 because of 2014. And he hopes that will help other Republicans forget about 2012. You know, Romney's been crisscrossing the country for other Republican candidates all this past year, and it felt pretty good to him. Those candidates did very well in November.","And Romney looks around, and he sees no great alternatives to Jeb Bush. And he's just not convinced that Jeb Bush can win the nomination and sell the country on another president named Bush. Of course, his own problem is selling other Republicans on another dance with a guy named Romney.","Rand Paul is jetting around everywhere. How does he take advantage of the national network of support, particularly money that his father Ron Paul built up, while departing from his father on some national security issues?His father essentially blamed the policies of the French government for the murders in Paris."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker thinks that there is a level of ambiguity or hidden message in the turn that may not be immediately apparent, but which can be inferred or interpreted through context or other clues.","questions":"How does the speaker perceive the turn in question 3?","answer":"Damage"}
{"text":["To be fair to President Trump, while tariffs, in my view, represent appalling economic policy, they are a reasonable political tactic in seizing the attention of a foreign government - in this case, China. And he succeeded on that. But in terms of the outcome that he produces, it'll be a classic case of the glass being either half-full or half-empty, depending on who looks at it.","Market access and a reduction in the U. S.  trade deficit with China over time - the glass will be more than half full. But on the others, the glass will get progressively empty. And I would be surprised, particularly on that question of state subsidy for China's high-technology industries, whether we'll see much substantive Chinese movement at all.","Do you think that Chinese leaders respect President Trump and his negotiating style?","I think the Chinese see in Trump two things. One is a preparedness to double down on these trade negotiations over a long period of time to extract maximum change in the Chinese position. So they see Trump as exercising American strength."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : none","questions":"Which question does PersonA expect to see little or no movement from China on?","answer":"subsidy"}
{"text":["Correct.","And that's the idea?","That's exactly the idea and that's where we are today. So you kind of keep the country in limbo. And you say, as long as there's no election then I get to be president.","Have there been any calls for President Kabila to be investigated, forced to step down, impeached, put on trial for violating the constitution?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implies that the current situation is a de-facto form of long-term leadership by President Kabila, without the need for elections.","questions":"How would you describe the current form of leadership in the situation mentioned in turn 2?","answer":"De-facto"}
{"text":["I mean, there have been some high-profile examples recently of sort of ethically questionable journalism, you know, maybe at best. Do you think that - and this is sort of tangential, but do you think that that, the definition of plagiarism needs to be updated for the Web?","I mean, given that I started this thing, you mentioned the curator's code, I think about that a lot. I think plagiarism is kind of a harsh word that comes from the publishing world, you know, kind of a legacy term. And there are many layers to it. It's a little bit of a grab bag.","But online, one of the things that I think about a lot, which I think is a form of sort of neo-plagiarism as this idea of OK, you know, we live at a time where there's almost infinite information, and it takes time to find the meaningful and to separate it from the meaningless, and that's effort, and that's sort of creative labor.","And when someone does that, and let's say - you know, for example, one of my favorite sites, Open Culture, run by Dan Colman out of Stanford, he finds amazing archival stuff. You know, and he spends time in the archives looking for it. And then it gets sort of reported on, say, Huffington Post or Business Insider, just sort of regurgitated."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"regurgitated\", which is used here to describe the process of reusing someone else's work without adding any original content or value.","questions":"How was the work reported on by Huffington Post or Business Insider?","answer":"Regurgitated"}
{"text":["You know, you have to be tough. You have to let them know that, you know, although, yeah, I'm a female, you know, I can punch you in the eye if I have to. Or turn the table over. . .","Or just be as tough as men have to do in certain - have to be in certain situations, so that they can erase the fact that I am a girl and reallylook at me as a professional who is knowledgeable about what I do and can do the deals and deliver. So. . .","Sonia, what about the live music scene?Because I remember going to some hip-hop clubs. I was - you know, this was back when I was much a younger woman, and really enjoying it until some of the violence got out of control. And then I stopped going to some of the venues because too many people were getting shot. How are things here in terms of the live venues?Are they safe?Are they - you know, how is the live music scene doing?","It is so interesting that you would bring that up today because just last night, there were three events that were happening last night. It was R&B Live over at the Lucky Street Lounge. They had Mario, and Marsha from Floetry. There was Estelle over at Sugarhill, that John Legend was presenting, great venues both of them."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Women need to be tough to be taken seriously in male-dominated professions.","questions":"What trait does the speaker believe women must possess to overcome gender bias in male-dominated careers?","answer":"Tough"}
{"text":["So I - you either roll your eyes or you laugh at what politicians will do in support of their most fundamental instincts, which as I said is to preserve their own political viability.","It strikes me as not being all that different from what the Chinese badminton team did to try to get a better opponents in the next round.","Well, except there's one difference, right?The badminton team got thrown out of the Olympics. And in this one, if it works, you get elected to the U. S.  Senate.","It's also interesting, Senator McCaskill has said previously she's going to be much too busy campaigning to go to the Democratic National Convention to be photographed, presumably, with President Obama. She doesn't want to do that. I would think, now, congressman Akin may find himself much too busy to go to Tampa."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Suddenly they started talking about Chinese Badminton teams","questions":"How did Senator McCaskill express her intention of being too busy to attend the Democratic National Convention?","answer":"Photographed"}
{"text":["I don't know many, but I know they exist - the person that doesn't really want fiction. They want nonfiction. They want something smart to read. I'm thinking more along the lines of, like, Ron Chernow's \"Hamilton\" that everybody became obsessed with, that read like fiction but was actually the book that's going to impress people that you read this summer.","That's right. There's literally a picture of Lin-Manuel Miranda on the beach reading that, but it's an old. . .","(Laughter).","In any case, yes. So there's a wonderful book that I think actually kind of brings together a lot of our - of our genres. And it's called \"Murder By The Book. \"It's by Claire Harman. And it's about a murder in Victorian London in which a minor aristocrat is murdered by his valet. Now, it actually does sound like fiction, right?It's nonfiction. But what's so wonderful about it is this guy's defense was that he had read a popular novel, and the book made me do it, which is kind of a wonderful thing if you think about what fiction can do."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : 'A' does not literally believe that a novel inspiring a murder is a wonderful thing. he is simply saying it is impressive the way fiction can influence people.","questions":"How does PersonA view the influence of fiction in the context of the book \"Murder By The Book\"?","answer":"Impressive"}
{"text":["Next week, hundreds of thousands of students, armed with number two pencils. . .",". . . will sit down to take the SAT. An important section of the college entrance test is the essay portion. And students have just 25 minutes to write it. Anne Ruggles Gere, who oversees the writing program at the University of Michigan, is not a fan of the essay section. She says that high schools now teach to the test and as a result encourage a generation of bad writers. We spoke with Professor Gere, who was in the studios of WUOM in Ann Arbor, and we asked her how the SAT encourages sloppy prose.","I think that it does it in several ways. Because when you're writing in only 25 minutes, you don't have time to develop a clear, complex idea. You don't have time to think about an audience. It makes students think of writing in the most simplistic, reductive ways. It emphasizes length of writing. It emphasizes use big words and be sure to follow a very simple formula.","So, the students will use it as an opportunity to use the word sesquipedalian over and over or show off their vocabulary and stuff?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Pencils are not an actual weapon, unless they are used to write things against the system. ","questions":"How does the statement in turn 0 relate to the conversation about the SAT essay section?","answer":"Not"}
{"text":["(Laughing) And the cover of the New York Post a couple days ago, \"Don't Let the Door Hit You. \"","Yeah. So sensitive is the New York Post. This was a guy whose first year, his nickname was the Man-genius, and that quickly came undone.","Devolved. OK, but what about Mike Shanahan of the Denver Broncos?I mean, he was there for 14 years. He won two Super Bowls. Why was he let go?","It's amazing. For about 10 years, you couldn't say the name Mike Shanahan without saying offensive genius. And I don't know if a lot of people thought that he lost the offensive genius, but there were circumstances to his firing. His team lost its last three games. If you end the season . 500, you know, with eight wins and eight loses, it's better to do it on an uptick than a downtick."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Mike Shanahan was fired despite his past success due to recent poor performance.","questions":"What was the reason for Mike Shanahan's firing?","answer":"Performance"}
{"text":["Story's still unfolding, we understand. What are you hearing?","Well, the evidence is that the Islamic State is behind this. In addition to French President Francois Hollande saying that the attacks were the work of ISIS, the group itself claimed responsibility in an online statement a short time ago. And they say the attacks were a response to French airstrikes in Syria and that France would remain, in their words, a top target as long as it continued its current policies.","This has been independently confirmed by intelligence officials you've been able to talk to.","Well, my understanding is that officials first started to suspect ISIS was behind this late last night. There were some cellphone conversations or texts that the gunmen were exchanging while the attacks were going on. And they mentioned ISIS. And here's why that's important. You remember the Mumbai attacks in 2008 that were - those were attacks on hotels and Jewish centers and a railway station. Well, one of the ways that they traced it back to the perpetrators was by picking up phone conversations between the gunmen and their handlers in Pakistan. The information is still coming in, but it appears that something similar happened here."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Well, my understanding is that officials first started to suspect ISIS was behind this late last night. There were some cellphone conversations or texts that the gunmen were exchanging while the attacks were going on. And they mentioned ISIS. And here's why that's important. You remember the Mumbai attacks in 2008 that were - those were attacks on hotels and Jewish centers and a railway station. Well, one of the ways that they traced it back to the perpetrators was by picking up phone conversations between the gunmen and their handlers in Pakistan. The information is still coming in, but it appears that something similar happened here.  Implicated meaning: A is using the phrase \"here's why that's important\" to introduce a connection between the current situation and a past event. The actual meaning is that A is providing reasons why the mentioning of ISIS is significant and relevant to the current situation.","questions":"How did officials first start to suspect ISIS was behind the attacks?","answer":"ISIS"}
{"text":["So do you think this would leave us in a better or worse position after these talks?I mean, it's a question whether or not this will actually go anywhere.","Well, it's - I mean, there's always a possibility that you would have the division laid out and follow-up meetings that strengthen that effort, and it goes somewhere productive. And that's what we all hope for. We'd like to see a denuclearized Korean peninsula. But I suspect it will be more of a pronouncement in which the two countries express interest in that direction. And then the details will get bogged down.","Senator Jeff Merkley of Oregon, thank you so much for speaking with us.","You're very welcome. Take care now."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The talks don't move, but the result of the talks could cause something to happen.","questions":"Which direction could the talks possibly lead to?","answer":"Stimulus"}
{"text":["So take us back. How did you go from drinking the occasional glass of wine to pursuing professional wine-drinking?","So most people have their wine epiphany as, well, drinking an incredible glass of wine. My wine epiphany happened while I was watching other people drink and in particular, because I got sucked into watch - binge-watching YouTube videos of the Best Sommelier in the World competition. And all my life, I have been obsessed with obsession. And so when I stumbled into this subculture, I was hooked. I was just fascinated by these stories.","And so you go on this journey. And one of the things that I found really interesting is that training to be a sommelier is not quite like getting day drunk with your friends. You're not just, like. . .","Yeah."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A: \"My wine epiphany happened while I was watching other people drink and in particular, because I got sucked into watch - binge-watching YouTube videos of the Best Sommelier in the World competition. And all my life, I have been obsessed with obsession. And so when I stumbled into this subculture, I was hooked. I was just fascinated by these stories.\"  In this turn, the actual meaning is different from the literal meaning because the speaker is not simply talking about watching other people drink wine and getting interested in it. The implied meaning is that the speaker became deeply engrossed in the world of sommeliers and their stories through watching videos, which led to their passion for pursuing professional wine-drinking. The emphasis is on the fascination with the sommelier subculture rather than just watching people drink wine.","questions":"Which subculture fascinated A?","answer":"Sommelier"}
{"text":["First week of the season, a young boy - he has the ball over his head. He's ready to make the throw-in. And a spectator on the sideline puts her hands on the child's shoulders, spins him around so he'd be redirecting the ball to a different player. So I blew my whistle. And I said - is this your child?And she said, no, this is not my child. So I explained to her, I said, you can never, ever, ever, ever touch a player.","So this was a cry for civility, not I'm sick and tired and can't take it anymore?","That's correct. This is a cry for civility. This is a plea for everyone to join me and everyone else who believes that we can have a fun, fair and safe experience in which sanity is expressed on the sideline.","Well, it sounds that you're complaining less that your feelings were hurt than the youngsters might be getting a very bad example of what it is to be an adult."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Well, it sounds that you're complaining less that your feelings were hurt than the youngsters might be getting a very bad example of what it is to be an adult.  In these turns, the speakers are using figurative language or implied meanings rather than stating things directly.","questions":"Which turn indicates that the speakers are using figurative language?","answer":"Implied"}
{"text":["You have done so many different types of music. You have done the Monkeys, you know. What's coming up next for you?I don't know if you've already started work on another album or thought about it, but what direction do you think you're heading in next?","I have no idea. I really don't. I'm still very much inside of this project because you don't leave it just because you finish recording it. You have to begin to think about how to create the live performance of it. So that's a whole other dimension. And so you have to live with this music.","And I always say that the music always ends up so much broader than what you have on the recording because the recording represents the beginning. And once you go out on the road and you play it, and of course, each night, you're going to try to do something different with it, so it just grows and grows and grows until it's time for the next project.","Well, Cassandra Wilson, thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B is still focused on the current project and has not thought about the next album yet.","questions":"Which project is PersonB still focused on?","answer":"focused"}
{"text":["All right. Let's start with this violence. What are you hearing?A bad night from all sides.","Yeah, the country's just really tense. I mean, overnight, there were four people killed in an area that's opposition heavy. And this morning, we heard accusations that they were shot to death because of their tribe. The police chief says that's just not true and that politicians are using that to incite violence. But either way, the killings have unleashed riots in some parts of Nairobi. People have set cars and buses on fire. And in some other areas, there's looting, and some residents have set up checkpoints where they're asking for ID, basically trying to confirm tribe. So there's running battles right now with police. And a member of Parliament from the opposition party was shot in the leg during one of those confrontations. And that's just likely to inflame tensions even more.","Right. And, of course, this is coming before this very important case before the Supreme Court. This is the second time the Supreme Court is deciding on a very important issue - whether or not to nullify the election again, right?","Yeah. If you remember, this same court threw out the first presidential elections back in August. And they said they found too many irregularities so they ordered new ones. Those were held last month. And now the court is deciding whether that election met the constitutional standards. There's a lot of questions before the court, but the central one has to do with violence. The Kenyan Constitution says that elections have to be held in an atmosphere that is free from intimidation and free from violence. But just before these elections, the opposition leader pulled out of the contest."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The country's just really tense means that the majority of the population is tense and not that the country is intense. ","questions":"What is the chief's response to accusations that the four people were killed because of their tribe?","answer":"Nottrue"}
{"text":["Let's turn now to the Bahamas and specifically the northern parts of the Bahamas, where reports are coming in of extensive, unprecedented damage. We have been trying to get through all day with no luck. Phone service is mostly out. The Red Cross is there on the ground, and I want to bring in Steve McAndrew of the Red Cross. He is monitoring the situation from Panama.","Mr.  McAndrew, welcome.","Thank you for having me.","Now, have you been able to get through to your teams in the Bahamas?What are you hearing?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The host is thanking the guest for coming.","questions":"How did the host greet the guest?","answer":"Welcome"}
{"text":["The economy is humming, but we may be hearing some sputtering as well. The stock market fell 3% this past Wednesday but later made back some of those losses. While in the bond market, a key marker of a coming recession has been playing out. Now the payoff for long-term government debt fell below the yield on short-term debt. So what are we looking for when the bell rings tomorrow?Catherine Rampell writes about economics for The Washington Post, and she joins me now. Welcome.","Good to be here.","So first off, I just want a gut check from you - Wall Street ups and downs, that warning flare in the bond market, but we're also seeing strong consumer spending at the same time. What is your take on these mixed indicators?","I think the story thus far has been there are warning signs out there. Consumers have been the strong point. Up until this week, however, there was a consumer sentiment number that it was at its lowest notching since, I want to say, six or seven months. So that does suggest that consumers may be wavering a little bit. I think the bigger picture, though, is the global risks essentially. So right now, we have something, like, nine major economies around the world either currently in recession or on the verge of recession, and you could imagine that there would be contagion effects."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : There are not actual signs but instances that cause worry for the economy.","questions":"Which word in the dialogue describes the consumer sentiment number before this week?","answer":"lowest"}
{"text":["Well, we think that the individual insurance markets need to be stabilized. There needs to be certainty. Right now, the insurance companies are putting together their plans for rating the 2018 insurance products, and they have no certainty from Congress regarding the support for insurance premiums for lower income people. Without knowing those, they don't know how to price their policies, and they're going to price them very high. So the bit - that's the biggest thing that needs to be addressed right now.","Dr.  Gurman, I move to ask you a question, both as a physician with a practice and the head of the AMA, how much time do you have to spend on matters that have nothing to do with medicine?","Well, unfortunately, a lot. We know from doing detailed studies where we actually follow doctors and minute to minute with a stopwatch find out what they're doing. The doctors are spending less than half of their time actually taking care of patients. So it's a big problem.","And how would you reduce that bureaucracy, though?Because, you know, bureaucracies run on (laughter) run on a paper trail in a sense."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) B: The speaker implies that reducing bureaucracy is not as simple as just getting rid of paperwork, as bureaucracies are inherently reliant on established procedures and processes.","questions":"Which aspect of bureaucracies is discussed in turn 3?","answer":"paperwork"}
{"text":["Again, I don't sign off on absolutely everything Nancy Pelosi, Donald Trump, Mitch McConnell, Chuck Schumer or Kevin McCarthy may tweet or declare. I don't. I'm not the endorser of anyone. And I have pushed back on statements that I do believe do exacerbate the very climate and culture that I just referenced. Indeed. But to put the onus exclusively on the president when on the other side of the aisle there are calls of uber-racism and absolutely. . .","When has Nancy Pelosi ever told anybody to go back where they came from?","No, Nancy Pelosi hasn't told anyone to come back where they came from. But there have been policies and exacerbated hyperbole in rhetoric as it pertains to statements made on both sides - Democrats and Republicans - that have led to this sort of climate. So to put the onus exclusively on the president would not be fair. Are there things the president has stated or tweeted that I have disagreed with?Absolutely. But the same thing on the other side of the aisle.","What do you see as your role in the days ahead?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker believes that blaming only the president for the current political climate would not be fair since both parties have contributed to it (score: 4)","questions":"Which party has contributed to the current political climate according to the speaker?","answer":"Democrats"}
{"text":["Thanks so much for having me on.","Can you tell me a little bit about Nebraska's land and what it means to its residents, the farmers?","Yeah. So Nebraska is in many ways a typical Great Plains state. Because the Missouri River cuts through along the eastern edge of the state, that's where all of the population originally settled. And so you have major industrial centers in south Sioux City and in Omaha. And then you have the capital educational center of Lincoln. But when you travel west of Lincoln, there's almost no one there. The small farming communities have gotten smaller and smaller in the last 50 years. And you can drive for hours essentially seeing only flatlands that are planted to corn and to soybeans and occasionally dotted with hog barns and feedlots for cattle.","Speaking to that disappearing landscape, I'd like you to read a page from your book, page 69.","(Reading) To understand, first remember - Nebraska is a place. It sits square as an anvil in the center of our maps. And yet somehow, everyone manages to forget it exists. Maybe that's because Nebraska is also a land of ghosts, of small towns dwindling to the point where in another generation they might simply cease to exist.","Why are they disappearing?Where are they going?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The farming communities are disappearing due to factors such as depopulation, urbanization, and economic challenges.","questions":"Which factors?","answer":"Depopulation,urbanization,economic"}
{"text":["Part of it was that in four years, there are some voters who believe he was tone deaf, too arrogant, too bossy, not collaborative. But you're right - he raised $30 million over the last four years. The president came in and gave him what everyone called a bro hug, and all of the newspapers endorsed him, including The Chicago Defender. . .","Yeah.",". . . The African-American newspaper. And none of it worked.","Only 34 percent of the voters went to the polls this week. Isn't that usually the kind of election in which a well-financed campaign with a good ground campaign is supposed to win?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker's tone, emphasis, or inflection may convey emotional or personal attitudes or opinions, even if the literal meaning of their words does not explicitly express these feelings.","questions":"How did the speaker convey their personal or emotional attitudes in their statement?","answer":"None"}
{"text":["I met up with Carlos Favela. He's a Border Patrol agent, and he spoke to me in his capacity as vice president of the local union. We talked just a few minutes after new numbers came out from the Department of Homeland Security. They showed a significant drop in border apprehensions in June.","And he said one reason for that is the Migrant Protection Protocols policy, which is often called remain in Mexico. He thinks that asylum seekers know that they may now have to stay in Mexico for months before their day in U. S.  courts. And so many of them are just not coming.","I guess it's a little bit a breath of fresh air for the agents out in the field. The MPP program that has been implemented - those agreements have also helped, actually, with the detention at the Border Patrol stations. So we're seeing less incursions but also less people being detained at the stations, which is a sign of relief because, you know, the Border Patrol doesn't have the resources to hold that many people.","There has been a lot of criticism levied at CBP. What is the biggest misconception about what you men and women do?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : a breath of fresh air implies a great relief and freedom ","questions":"How would you describe the feeling of the Border Patrol agents due to the MPP program?","answer":"Relief"}
{"text":["Yeah.","You've got the whole thing. You've got all of that.","(Laughter).","What - do you feel like there's some message in your story, perhaps, for other people who feel unloved by this country right now?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : you've got the whole thing likely means that they have everything needed to succeed. ","questions":"Which phrase in the dialogue suggests that there might be a deeper meaning to the story being discussed?","answer":"Message"}
{"text":["Different things. Some people have heard of the Ig Nobel Prize, many have not. To some of them - there have been some winners who have been waiting for it for years. More typically they're not quite sure what it is. Our standard policy, which - it has a few twists now and then. But in general, when we've chosen somebody, we will quietly get in touch with them, offer them the prize and give them the opportunity to quietly to decline the honor. And if they say no, that's fine, that's it. We never mention it. We don't even keep records. We give it to somebody else. But happily for us, not many people decline. Almost everybody accepts.","And some of them - do they actually go on to win the real Nobel Prize?","That's happened at least once. In the year 2000, we gave the Ig Nobel Prize in psychics to two physicists in England, Andre Geim and Michael Berry, who were, and are, quite eminent physicists. They won the Ig Nobel Prize that year for using magnets to levitate a frog. I don't know if you've seen the videos on the Web of that.","Yeah, yeah, yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Winning the Ig Nobel Prize doesn't discredit their scientific achievements","questions":"How does winning the Ig Nobel Prize affect scientific achievements?","answer":"Doesn't"}
{"text":["Right. Yeah, yeah. Yeah, I will definitely take what the defense gives me.","And, again, the up-tempo scoring machine that Grinnell College is, is that what attracted you?You were originally at another school.","Yeah. Yeah, I was. One of my friends had played basketball here and told me about the system. And my ability to kind of create for myself off the dribble fit perfectly in the system, and I made the right decision.","And this is a kind of funny day on a lot of campuses as they empty out kids going home for Thanksgiving. But I wonder if you had any reaction from your fellow students, from your teammates, from professors?","Yeah. They're all kind of in shock, similar to myself. I don't think reality has really set in yet, although it's starting to."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Grinnell College's up-tempo scoring machine was the deciding factor in A's decision to come here.","questions":"How did Grinnell College attract PersonA to come here?","answer":"up-tempo"}
{"text":["That's even better than the Dwight Clark catch in the - with San Francisco 49ers.","Yeah. Yeah. Oh, yeah. Absolutely. I mean, you know, last year you had, you know, (unintelligible) catching, you had the miracle catch you know by a throw. . .","By David Tyree. But that was kind of a weird that was - the helmet catch, you're talking about.","The helmet catch (laughing). But this was just - I mean, it was perfect, Tony. It was perfect form, the toes and - had it been a millisecond higher, he wouldn't have been able to get anything down. I just think that from Roswell Berger's(ph) throw and hosing the ball, the extra tenth of a second, it - right now that's the most perfect ending play in Super Bowl history."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The catch was great, but this moment was even better.","questions":"What moment was even better?","answer":"Moment"}
{"text":["Exactly.","OK.  Go on. So after two weeks, what happens?","Well, she defies the ban. And as she was docking in the port, the ship rammed a small police boat that was blocking her - caused some damage, but no injuries. But she was arrested, and she was charged with what prosecutors actually claim was an act of war. Rackete also faces charge of abetting illegal immigration, and the NGO could face a fine of up to $57,000.","What does she say - the captain?Does she say, I was just - I needed to dock the ship?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Go on\" implies to proceed talking, to elaborate on the topic being spoken of","questions":"How does \"B\" prompt \"A\" to continue discussing the topic?","answer":"Prompt"}
{"text":["I think there's also a message to be had in the region. Mr.  Trump in Tokyo, with all the pomp and circumstance, with even the irritations on trade and that mixed signal in North Korea - it was clear that this is an alliance that was vibrant, that was coherent and that was still being deeply supported by both countries. That's the message Mr.  Abe wants to send to Pyongyang and certainly the message he wants to send to Beijing.","That pomp and circumstance extended to the appearance of Trump 2020 campaign banners. They were visible as the president was making his way through Japan's streets. Another of the events that he attended was this sumo tournament. Why is Prime Minister Abe so intent on courting President Trump?","Well, you know, you - the backdrop here, too, is the Japanese people are not as critical of President Trump as many of the citizens of our other allies in Europe, for example. The president and the prime minister do have a reasonably strong working relationship. The Japanese diplomats pointed out before the visit that they've spoken or met 42 times since the president came into office.","Forty-two times, wow.","An unprecedented amount of contact. So I think there's still this sense that this is a good partnership and that Mr.  Abe can make it work."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The relationship between President Trump and Prime Minister Abe is stronger than with other allies","questions":"Which leader is referred to as having a strong relationship with President Trump?","answer":"Abe"}
{"text":["Wow.",". . . Actually the night he died. So he was a very well-respected young person by our staff, by our students and our community. And, you know, it was a very shame that that did happen.","I'm so impressed. I gather the youngsters themselves in your school came up with the idea of electing them king and queen. I got to tell you. . .","Yeah, you know, you think about social media as something that's bad sometimes. Well, they - her friends and his friends kind of started a little social media thing and the adults weren't even totally aware. And they wanted to - they wanted to have them be king and queen. Now, it wasn't, you know, the whole school. It wasn't everybody. It was a very tight group of kids that really. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Actually the night he died. So he was a very well-respected young person by our staff, by our students and our community. And, you know, it was a very shame that that did happen. Implicated Meaning: A is providing additional information or context about the person who died. The phrase \"actually the night he died\" implies that there is a specific event or incident being referred to, and A is emphasizing the significance and respect the person had before their death. The phrase \"it was a very shame that that did happen\" implies a sense of regret or sadness about the event.","questions":"Which event is PersonA referring to when they say \"actually the night he died\"?","answer":"Death"}
{"text":["You do feel a special connection with Chopin, don't you?","Actually, I do. Many things have happened to me. I don't like the word paranormal. I like the word the unknown normal because that's what it really is.","So it's extraordinary that you should discover two different versions of a Chopin waltz that was previously unknown.","I agree. I was shocked - really shocked - when I found them. And then many things happened to me with Chopin through my life."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Actually, I do. Many things have happened to me. I don't like the word paranormal. I like the word the unknown normal because that's what it really is.  In this turn, the speaker is not talking about feeling a special connection with Chopin, which is the literal meaning. Instead, they are talking about their experiences with the unknown or unexplained, and their preference for the term \"unknown normal\" instead of \"paranormal\".","questions":"How does the speaker describe their experiences with the unexplained?","answer":"Unknown"}
{"text":["Now, what about the bloggers who are, you know, in our camp. What story are they hitting?","Well, in the Democratic side, among bloggers, the Web site Blogpolls, which measure these trends, posted about Hillary Clinton outnumbered blog post about Barack Obama, leading up to last weekend, South Carolina primary. And interestingly, on January 24th, two days before the voting started in South Carolina, posts about Bill Clinton spiked and they equal the numbers of posts about Barack Obama. But after he won in South Carolina, post about Obama spiked and he's been the most blogged about candidate ever since. Now, on the Republican side, John McCain has been and is the most blogged about candidate.","What about on News and Views, our own blog?","Well, lot of issues people are talking about. They run the spectrum. They're talking about Detroit Mayor Kwame Kilpatrick's text message scandal, suggesting an affair with his female chief of staff, which could lead to perjury charges. We called it textual healing on our blog."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : B: Now, what about the bloggers who are, you know, in our camp. What story are they hitting? The actual meaning: What topics are the bloggers supporting or focusing on? Literal meaning: What stories are the bloggers physically striking or hitting?","questions":"Which website did the Web site Blogpolls measure trends for?","answer":"Blogpolls"}
{"text":["Then Clark Carrington(ph) chimed in from Dar Salam, Tanzania. He wrote, I'm an African-American living in Tanzania and totally rely on Farai and crew through podcast to keep me informed about what is going on in the U. S.  and the world, for that matter. However, Farai's much more than a female African-American voice. She is an informed progressive and an insightful mind.","And finally, we go to a fan in Saudi Arabia. Ibrahim Sadik(ph) heard a re-broadcast of a conversation we had on Latin jazz and sent us this. I wish to thank News & Notes for the excellent program on Latin jazz as well as the month-long treatment on jazz. I currently live in Saudi Arabia and enjoy News & Notes, which is rebroadcast during my morning commute. It provides a refreshing entry for the morning. I hope that the coming months will bring about a turnaround in the U. S.  economy that will allow kaleidoscopic programs such as News & Notes to remain on air.","And that's it for letters. So wherever you are, please keep your thoughts coming over the next few months.","To write us, just log on to npr. org and click on contact us. When you get there, you'll see lots of shows to choose from. Make sure you pick News & Notes when you write to us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : none","questions":"Which show should you select when writing to NPR through their website's Contact Us page according to PersonB in the dialogue?","answer":"News"}
{"text":["Oh, yes, they're going to do it, like, regional. You know, so that'll be able to reach more people throughout the country, which is good because not everyone can make it to D. C.  And it doesn't start in D. C. It starts in every community where the blood flowed for our freedoms.","Well, Tim Chambers, thank you for stopping by and sharing a little bit of your story with us. Thank you.","My pleasure.","That's Marine Corps veteran Tim Chambers, also known as the Saluting Marine."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The Saluting Marine is a well-known figure among Marines.","questions":"How is Tim Chambers recognized among Marines?","answer":"Recognized"}
{"text":["The big one was that they died of lead poisoning due to the canning of the canned tin goods. The problem with that - these guys hadn't eaten any tin food. It was only three months into their voyage.","It was a dire situation anyway you look at it. But, of course, in your book, it wasn't dire enough. You throw in an Arctic beast.","I do, an unexplained Arctic beast that we never see. And the reason for that is I wanted something to personify just the terror, the horror of the darkness, the five months of darkness, the terrible cold - 100 degrees below zero - the constricting ice that you had to listen to against the hull, you know, all the time.","What would be the best-case scenario for you if they find which ship it is?What would you like to know?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  implies the beast served to represent the fear, horror and cold of the situation;","questions":"Which emotions did the beast represent?","answer":"Fear"}
{"text":["Tell me how you grew up.","Well, my grandparents raised me. When their - they had - they've been foster parents for as long as I can remember. And I was actually the first child other than their own that they actually took care of, and they raised me since I was six months old.","Although my mom lived there as well, she was always - you know, raised me as well, but I lived in their house. I always kept myself around something musical, whether it was being in a play where I played the drunk daughter, or sneaking out to the studio to make a, you know, a demo that never became anything. But you know, it was all a part of what I felt I needed to do beyond, you know, those - that house and beyond church. You know, I was always looking for something to do outside of that - of those four walls.","In this book, you talk about some really rough times you went through. Being held out a window by an abusive boyfriend who threatened to drop you to your death, being beat up, being manipulated. Why do you feel that it was important to put all that in the book?"],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The author included difficult experiences in the book for a reason.","questions":"How did the author choose the content of the book?","answer":"Reason"}
{"text":["OK.  Let's start with those navigators you spoke of. Now, in what way have they been considered quite necessary?","So the navigators give people in-person one on one help to help choose a health plan and to sign up. And, you know, health insurance is very confusing. There's deductibles. There are the premiums. There are copayments, so it's really hard to know what services you're going to get and what it's really going to cost. But HHS says after several years, they aren't really necessary anymore because now people understand insurance better, so they don't need that kind of intensive help. Navigator defenders, though, don't agree because they say now their role is to get to those people who still after all these years haven't gotten insurance.","The ones that in a way are most confused. . .","Exactly."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Despite HHS claiming people understand insurance better, navigators still play an important role in helping uninsured individuals choose health plans","questions":"What do navigators help uninsured individuals do?","answer":"Choose"}
{"text":["The bank says that, you know, it had nothing to do with who the Saudi Committee chose to give money to. And they said that they vetted all of the organizations and individuals against these international lists of designated terrorists and that there were no red flags.","How does it happen that a U. S.  court even has jurisdiction in this?","This is the first case under the Anti-Terrorism Act. And the reason it's being tried here is because again it's a federal - it's a U. S.  federal law. And many of the payments that we're talking about were processed through the New York-based operations of Arab Bank. So in order to clear payments, some of these transactions are routed through branches in the U. S.  And so that's where you get jurisdiction.","Jessica, are there implications for the banking industry in this case?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker is making a subtle suggestion or insinuation that others may pick up on, but without being too direct or forceful.","questions":"How can the PersonA's tone be described in turn 2?","answer":"Subtle"}
{"text":["I think the - the city will continue as it is. It's still the heart of all economic activity, of business. The plan to move the capital of Jakarta somewhere else is nearly 60 years old. The first Indonesian president, I think, in 1957 already came up with plans. In fact, they build a city in another part of Indonesian Borneo that was going to be the new capital.","Now, that didn't happen. But - so these plans are - have been around for a long time, and this has also got to do with taking the center of Indonesia's power, which is now concentrated on the island of Java, more centrally to Indonesia.","So the proposed new location in Borneo - is that a better choice for a capital?","It's not too bad. I've lived in the area for quite some time. There is tropical rainforest, and the government has emphasized that they want this to be a really green development. There's going to be no deforestation. There's going to be very smart planning. Of course, environmentalists like myself are concerned about what is going to happen once you move a million people into a relatively sparsely part of Indonesian Borneo. That likely will have significant impacts on the environment."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The plan to move the capital of Jakarta somewhere else is still under consideration after 60 years.","questions":"Which city is being considered for the new capital?","answer":"Borneo"}
{"text":["Well, I want to understand it as my friend, Fanon, as my idol, Fanon. I want to understand it, and it is quite complicated, but in another way it's quite simple.","And when I say race, I should stipulate. I don't mean simply black and white. By race, I mean any idea or notion that divides human beings into more than one kind. And then the next step of race and racism and racialized thinking is to figure out a scheme through which or by which because of this difference, manufactured difference, one group or another can take advantage of other groups.","So it sits over our shoulder, and it's part of what's the motivation for our going into Iraq. It's keeping young black men in prison in a totally disproportionate way. It's the cause of abuse against women. Race is a villain, and I wish I could wave a magic wand, but I can't. It's too deeply embedded in our nature.","You mentioned how race is linked to, among many other things, the prison system. And you've had, I'm sure, much too much experience with it, more than you'd like with both your brother and your son incarcerated.","You have sections in your book where your brother is - you and your brother are talking about the nature of hope and whether hope can be debilitating in the context of being someone who's incarcerated."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Race refers to any idea that divides human beings into more than one kind","questions":"Which concept does \"race\" refer to?","answer":"Difference"}
{"text":["You know, we - we're in constant communication with our states. I know South Carolina has done - and all the states, for that matter - but South Carolina, they've done a very proactive job. North Carolina is really going to amp up the messaging on evacuations. Florida has, and Georgia. So, you know, we will be able to tell what those evacuation rates are, obviously working with our state. The states and the locals are the ones that actually call for those evacuations.","Right now, it seems to be going well, but it always could go better. You know, if you're in a danger or hazard area, you know, I ask you to take those warnings seriously, and evacuate and protect yourself and your family.","Jeff Byard of FEMA, thanks for speaking with us today.","Thank you so much."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The federal government relies on states to determine when to call for evacuations.","questions":"Which government entity relies on states to determine evacuations?","answer":"Federal"}
{"text":["Yeah. The numbers aren't necessarily looking his way.","No.","Glenn Thrush is the chief political correspondent of Politico. Thanks so much for being back with us.","Great to be here."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : has a literal meaning of \"Glenn Thrush is the chief political correspondent of Politico,\" but its actual meaning is \"Thank you for coming back to talk with us again.\"","questions":"Which person did Glenn Thrush talk to?","answer":"Us"}
{"text":["Yeah, we're looking at how people make movies through a microscope. And I hadn't really thought about this much before this week, but there's a sort of long history of this, and there have been a few real pioneers of this field. And one of them is a guy, a photographer called Roman Vishniac.","And you may know this name because he's famous for sort of a very different kind of photography. He took portraits. He has a picture of Einstein that's pretty famous. And he is famous for documenting Jews in Eastern Europe for World War II.","But it turns out that he also was this huge science buff, and he made these educational movies funded by NSF and others for classroom use, and a lot of them featured his micro-movies, these movies that he did in his New York apartment through the microscope with, you know, pond scum that he collected I don't know where, my guess would be Central Park, just looking at some of the footage.","Right, and so then he trained - this moviemaker trained his camera into the lens of the microscope."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Roman Vishniac's educational movies had a scientific component featuring micro-movies.","questions":"Which photographer created educational movies that had a scientific component?","answer":"Roman"}
{"text":["Kevin Maguire's associate editor of the Daily Mirror and a long time reporter at Westminster. Thanks so much for being with us.","Pleasure, Scott.","Let's start with the Conservative line up. We hear a couple of names over here - Michael Gove and Theresa May.","Yeah, absolutely, Theresa May, the home secretary, the interior minister, is the favorite now after the shock withdrawal of Boris Johnson, the former mayor of London. He was the clear front-runner, but he pulled out after Michael Gove, the justice secretary who was his campaign manager, actually decided he wanted to run himself. And in the Conservative Party, which, of course, they're not just electing a leader, they're electing the next prime minister of the United Kingdom."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  (2) Pleasure, Scott. (implied meaning: It is a pleasure to be here with you, Scott.)","questions":"Which name was the clear front-runner before withdrawing?","answer":"Boris"}
{"text":["Why, over really a period of 25 years or so, have there been so many misadventures?How do you explain, for example, Iraq?How do you explain the lack of progress after so many years in Afghanistan?Why was the Libyan intervention unsuccessful?And I think the conclusion is is that the United States has focused more since the end of the Cold War not so much on defending against external threats but focusing more on the internal governance of foreign countries and trying to change it.","So rather than maintaining a strong defense in protecting our national interests, we've tended to promote democracy in other countries, we've engaged in nation-building exercises, we've engaged in regime change. And in most of those cases, we've been unsuccessful.","You were the U. S.  ambassador to Germany. Does the United States have - and you know the history - does the United States have no interest in preventing genocide and mass slaughter around the world?","I think genocide is probably the one case where we do have a responsibility. I mean, if it's real genocide and people are - there is mass murder, then I think we have a moral duty to intervene. But the problem is is that how you define that moral duty when it's not clearly genocide, when there's injustice, when there's discrimination, when, for instance, the young girls in Afghanistan can't go to school, that is not genocide."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The US has failed to achieve its goals by trying to impose its standards of democracy and governance on foreign countries.","questions":"Which country did the US try to impose its standards of democracy and governance on?","answer":"Iraq"}
{"text":["But with the war on women that we are experiencing all around us, the fear, and it's very real, is that when Roe falls, those enjoined provisions would rise like zombie laws and come into effect. So we really had to clean those out of our statutes and ensure that there's a firewall around Illinois that protects women's reproductive health here in Illinois.","The Reproductive Health Act says fertilized eggs, embryos and fetuses don't have independent rights. Now, opponents of abortion rights in Illinois and elsewhere, as you know, might look at this bill and say, where do you draw the line on when a fetus counts as a person, or do you?","Courts over the years have actually spoken directly to this. Without that provision, without that distinction, there is a risk that a fetus and a woman would be cast as adversaries from the very beginning of pregnancy. And so it's important that there be those protections so that a woman can carry out a pregnancy making her own independent health decisions, whether that is carrying a pregnancy to term or not. So that was one of the pieces that I think folks had trouble understanding.","When you say that this law is intended to create a firewall around the state, do you think that this is where things are headed - where certain states will allow access to abortions and other states simply won't?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : the war on women meaning that the government is trying to tell a woman what she can and cannot do with her body.","questions":"What is the fear regarding the enjoined provisions rising like zombie laws?","answer":"Enforce"}
{"text":["Then last week, we produced a segment on how third party candidates were affecting the presidential race. Daniel Rosenfield (ph) in Dallas, Texas, thanked us for interviewing Libertarian candidate Bob Barr. He writes, \"Bob Barr rarely receives any media attention, and you guys have given new hope for third parties. In this election year, where third parties are reaching new voter records, it is important to educate the people of America. \"","Listener Kevin Smith wrote in about an interview you did with comedian David Alan Grier about his new Comedy Central show, \"Chocolate News. \"He thinks Grier's comedy is funny, but too often crosses the line. He writes, \"When people like me stop laughing, and point this out, we're called uptight. No, I want to laugh like everyone else, but I don't want to do it at the expense of our dignity and progress. I'm sorry, but we're not in the same position as whites who wield power in this country. They can afford to satirize their leaders and ancestors, we can't. Leave Maya Angelou and MLK and the like alone. \"","And finally, Laura Tillman (ph) in Athens, Georgia, wrote us this. \"I moved to Georgia last year from Vermont, and was really happy to discover the NPR News & Notes program, which brought a perspective that was lacking from my old Vermont NPR station. However, I sometimes feel that the shows are a little rushed. Other than that, I thoroughly enjoy the show, and thank you for a job well done. \"","And thank you for your letters. Please keep your comments coming."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : keep your  comments coming means to keep talking","questions":"How can \"keep your comments coming\" be interpreted?","answer":"Talking"}
{"text":["Correct.","Yeah. So we'll have to wait to see how that happens. Thank you very much, doctor, and good luck to you.","Well, I'm delighted to be with you and your audience. Thank you very much.","You're welcome. Alfredo Quinones-Hinojosa is professor of neurosurgery and oncology, director of the Brain Tumor Stem Cell Lab at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in Baltimore."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : good luck to you means you hope they do well ","questions":"What does PersonB say after thanking the doctor?","answer":"good"}
{"text":["Hey, Tony.","So, a recent New York Times article detailed Oprah Winfrey's growing influence, I should say, in Saudi Arabia, of all places. What's that about?","Well, yeah. \"The Oprah Show\" first broadcast in Saudi Arabia in November 2004, and it became an instant hit with women 25 and younger in that country, according to the Times. Now, the article reads, in a country where the sexes are separated, Ms.  Winfrey provides many young women with new ways of thinking without striking them, or Saudi Arabia's ruling authorities as subversive. So, you know, Oprah, love her or hate her, is always a flash point for conversation. And on our blog, Jessica writes, it's amazing to see a down to earth black woman from Mississippi appeal to so many different people here in the U. S.  and in other countries. Another reader named Zakita Jones(ph) says, I'm awed at how fast different forms of globalization are taking off and reaching other countries, but Candice James(ph) writes, Oprah works my last nerve. Saudi Arabia can have her!","Speaking of women's issues, another hot topic on our blog this week, women who are choosing to be single mothers. What's been the response?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Oprah Winfrey's popularity in Saudi Arabia is unexpected.","questions":"How was Oprah Winfrey received in Saudi Arabia?","answer":"Unexpected"}
{"text":["Julie, you've been covering this area for a long time. What strikes you about this moment?I mean, is this as significant as it looks?","It's hard to tell. As I said, the AMA's been kind of everywhere on abortion issues. It looks like they're maybe coming out - finding this to be such a threat to the doctor-patient relationship that they're willing to take a leading role. It remains to be seen exactly where they will go from here.","That's Julie Rovner, chief Washington correspondent for Kaiser Health News.","Thanks for coming in."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B appreciation implies that the correspondent was live on air","questions":"Which action did PersonB take that implies the correspondent was live on air?","answer":"Appreciation"}
{"text":["(Laughter) Yeah, cover their ears please. So basically, the goal of \"Where's Waldo?\"is you're trying to find a guy that's always wearing the same clothes - you know, it's red and white stripes and beanie hat and everything. And I remember as a kid I'd spend hours poring over this book trying to find Waldo, you know, and, oh, my gosh, where is he?And so I finally decided, well, you know what?Now as a Ph. D.  student, I can actually analyze this and sort of find the optimal route to look through the page to find Waldo.","(Laughter) This is your revenge on Waldo, isn't it?","Exactly.","Randy Olson, a Ph. D.  candidate at Michigan State University, researching artificial intelligence. Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is not actually seeking revenge on Waldo. It is a joke, meant to be taken humorously.","questions":"What is the true intention behind the PersonA's revenge on Waldo?","answer":"humor"}
{"text":["You got a sinus infection but you taking a yeast infection medicine figuring if you lay down, it'll work its way up.","Do you believe in Mars and Venus, the whole idea that men and women are totally different?","I really do. And if I can get women to understand that every man that sleeps with you is not going to love you, then half of us will be all right.","What about the other half?","I mean, the other half - they won't get it. They think that every man that sleeps with them is going to love them. And if I could get women to understand that just because a man sleeps with another woman it doesn't mean that he doesn't love you. If I can get them to understand that, then we'll be all right."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : can refers and implies the cylindrical vessels and not to be able to do something","questions":"Which term refers to cylindrical vessels in the statement?","answer":"Hair"}
{"text":["Well (laughter), I was on Capitol Hill. I was actually at the White House. And President Trump didn't meet with us. He was out of the country. But, you know, honestly, I think it was campaign rhetoric. I'm not asking for a handout. I'm just asking for a helping hand - not only Pennsylvania, but West Virginia, Kentucky, Alabama. There's a lot of mines prior to this mine closing that have closed, and you just don't bring coal back. So we need to look outside of the coal industry in the future.","Your region supported Trump this past election. Am I right?","That's correct. You know what?He said the right things. He said, I'm bringing back coal and talked about the Second Amendment, not taking away guns. And that's the big part of West Virginia, Pennsylvania, this corner. And he said the right stuff.","What are people thinking about the president these days?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A believes that Trump's appeal to the Second Amendment and support for coal resonated with voters.","questions":"What did Trump talk about that resonated with voters in West Virginia and Pennsylvania according to A?","answer":"IIAmendment"}
{"text":["And that's the predominant tribe?","That's the predominant tribe. And I think the government will tell you that this is not happening. And it's true that the other sides in this war are also committing atrocities. But what reporting from monitoring groups set up by East African states has found is that the government is leading the charge.","Where is the mediation efforts?Where are other African nations?Where is the United States in trying to bring an end to this conflict?","Everyone is sort of putting their hopes on this peace agreement that brought momentary peace in 2016. The problem is that the former vice president is now in exile in South Africa and not part of these talks. So, you know, observers essentially say this is a dead end."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The government is denying their involvement in the atrocities","questions":"Which side is leading the charge in committing atrocities according to monitoring groups?","answer":"Government"}
{"text":["Give us some specifics on what African traditional medicine might incorporate into your practice.","At the heart of traditional African medicine is God and the ancestors, OK?So now, you have many Africans that want to take advantage of traditional medicine, but they don't want to acknowledge the roots. So the roots, as I'm saying, is understand your relationship with ancestors in terms of ancestors being a part of the community. The use of divination - on the surface, I mean, we've seen different things, maybe on TV or someone is throwing bones or caraway shells and then makes a pronouncement.","But divination is creating a space where you have objects that have a metaphorical representation with respect to elements of a person's life. Divination is something that takes training. And as of all cultures, of course, there's herbal medicine and understanding of diet. But the fundamental premise with African culture is linking everything back, with God and the ancestors being at the central core.","We did an interview with someone who is a spiritual leader in one of the many traditional African spiritual practices. And what you're talking about sounds, in many ways, more like spirituality than medicine. Do you see yourself practicing both, or how, I mean. . . ?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Many Africans want to use traditional medicine but ignore its roots","questions":"How do many Africans approach traditional medicine?","answer":"Advantage"}
{"text":["Are there specific goals you all are trying to achieve in terms of advancing one policy or another?","Yeah. So the overarching mission is really to support science for the public good. I think it's really important to say that when politicians attack science, it's not necessarily across the board. It's certain types of science. So if you look at climate change or public health, they're under attack from certain groups because, you know, they involve regulation or some businesses have an interest in them or there's some political thing to be gained for them. And so what we will be doing after the march is putting out a policy platform on all of these specific areas.","Is that a little like herding cats?I mean, I'm guessing the scientific community (laughter), like any other, is hardly monolithic in what it thinks is the way forward.","Well, this is what we have to do. Right?So if, at the end of the day, we get bogged down in research grants, we get bogged down in having to write the next paper - but we do science 'cause we care about improving society. And if that's what it takes for us to really, you know, bring all of these diverse voices into the room and figure out, you know, how we can be unified and how we can be a political force, that's where we're at at the moment. And we're going to push for that hard after the march."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The implication of this statement is that the scientific community needs to come together and use their collective power to push for change.","questions":"How does PersonA suggest the scientific community should work together to push for change?","answer":"Unified"}
{"text":["They sense a market opportunity?","Indeed, it's a huge market opportunity.","You're from Costa Rica, which has been named U. N.  champion of the earth.","Indeed."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Costa Rica is the best country in the world in terms of doing things that take care of the planet.","questions":"How has Costa Rica been recognized by the U.N.?","answer":"Timed"}
{"text":["Yeah. So let's take Muslim China, you know, the western part of China - Uighur country. They use lamb, which they don't use in the rest of China, or very little. And their noodles are made from wheat. And they have bread. So that region has this food because of its religion and because of its proximity to Turkey.","The reason I called Anissa Helou is because of a dish I've been meaning to make for a long time. In her book, she has two versions - one from Egypt, one from Syria - a nutritious and simple meal made from beans that's perfect for Ramadan or for any time, really - ful medames, or simply ful.","Ful is a very filling dish. So if you ate ful at whatever hour, you could stay without eating anything or feeling very hungry for at least five, six hours.","Helou join me in my kitchen here in D. C.  via video chat to teach me how to make both the Egyptian and the Syrian recipes."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The food in a region is influenced by its religion and proximity to other countries.","questions":"How is the food influenced in Uighur country?","answer":"Muslim"}
{"text":["Hi Farai. Great to be with you.","Always. So we've been following this situation in Zimbabwe and the situation includes a tainted election and economic collapse. Now the U. S.  has imposed new sanctions, accusing President Robert Mugabe of heading an illegitimate government that sponsors violence. Last week, the president - President Bush - signed an executive order that adds new financial restrictions against individuals and organizations linked to Mugabe's government. So South Africa criticized those new sanctions, saying they could actually obstruct these power sharing talks. What do you think?","Well I think the international community has to use everything in its tool kit to kind of acknowledge what has happened in Zimbabwe and to put pressure for change. I mean, what has happened is just unacceptable. You have had not only the flawed elections of March 29th, but again failed electoral process in June and you know, right now there is this critical period of negotiations, political negotiations that need real pressure and real support. So I think it is important that the international community does everything that it can to say that it is time for a change in Zimbabwe.","Clearly South Africa has had a lot at stake. The quiet diplomacy that we talk about with Mbeki. The quiet diplomacy has, well, brought some results, but not the results needed. And I think the African Union, the Southern African Development Community all have said that more is needed to bring really a chance for peace and also for justice in Zimbabwe."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The situation in Zimbabwe is bad and the US has imposed new sanctions against Mugabe's government.","questions":"What kind of restrictions did President Bush sign against individuals and organizations linked to Mugabe's government?","answer":"financial"}
{"text":["And with a big picture on how Americans are voting on this long awaited day. We've got NPR's senior Washington editor, Ron Elving. Hey, Ron.","Hey, good to be with you, Farai.","Well, Senators Obama and John McCain cast their ballots in their home states today. So what kind of turnout are we seeing?","Big. Now we always say the turnout looks like it's heavy, and usually it turns out not to be so great. So take this with a grain of salt, but the anecdotal indicators are that we are seeing a lot of turnout, and let's remember that we've already had a big turnout election just in terms of how many people came out and voted early. More than we've ever seen before and by leaps and bounds. So when we put it all together, I think that most of the experts do expect that we will have at least 130 million American's votes cast this fall either early or today, and that that will be a new record by about eight million."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : the big picture means the main idea, or what the whole truth is","questions":"What does \"big picture\" refer to in turn 0?","answer":"Vast"}
{"text":["I think there is. There has been a lot of talk here about that, not officially from the state board. But I think when you have both candidates kind of saying they would be open to it, it's really on the table. And the state board does have the ability to do this. They can call an election if - by law, if improprieties occurred to such an extent that they taint the results of the entire election and cast doubts on its fairness.","And any idea when a new election might be in the 9th District?","So - right. We have no idea. And they have said they are mindful that the new Congress is supposed to be seated on January 3. But I think it's going to be probably very difficult if they do do an election to get it done that quickly. Another question is, kind of what kind of election would you have?Would you redo the entire 9th District. . .","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There is a possibility of an election despite no official announcement yet.","questions":"How does the state board have the ability to call an election?","answer":"Improprieties"}
{"text":["In Larry Nassar's statement to the court last year just before he was sentenced, he said he'd been impacted to his inner-most core by the testimony of his victims, including yourself. But he did not apologize. He was, though, sentenced to life in prison. Did you feel resolution walking away from that day?","You know, I did in the sense that Larry will never be able to hurt another child. And I take great comfort in that. That being said, Larry was a symptom of the problem. And that's something, again, that I really wanted to dig into in the book. Larry didn't just magically appear as one of the most prolific predators in campus history, in sports history and in history in general. He didn't magically appear that way. He was enabled and sheltered by powerful organizations, by law enforcement agencies that mishandled or refused to investigate reports of sexual misconduct. And so while we were able to stop Larry, what really remains to be done and the work that has just begun is dealing with the institutions and the dynamics that left him in power.","Rachael Denhollander is an activist and former gymnast. Her book \"What Is A Girl Worth?\"and her children's book \"How Much Is A Little Girl Worth?\"are out now. Rachael, thank you so much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : He said that he had a huge emotional reaction to the testimony.","questions":"What did Larry Nassar fail to do during his statement to the court?","answer":"Apologize"}
{"text":["But people in India really are angry. I have lived in this country in two different periods for about 15 years. I have never seen anything like this before. You see it in other countries, but you don't often see it in India, where people take to the streets and complain. They want change.","There hasn't been much change. All we've seen so far is the home secretary, the home minister, that's the head of the security services, I suppose, being changed, and nothing else has. The armed forces chief and other people are arguing and doing a blame game as to who's responsible, and people are getting angrier.","They want change in terms of attitudes and actions by the politicians and the bureaucrats. They want visible signs of the corruption, which impedes India's efficient government, to stop, and they also want signs that something is being done to stop further attacks.","Elections in India aren't too far off. Is this a signal that the current government might be in jeopardy?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : People in India are usually not the type to protest","questions":"Which country has seen people protesting, according to the speaker in turn 0?","answer":"India"}
{"text":["Why was it important for the Colorado Springs Police Department to investigate the Klan?","My job as an intelligence officer detective was to monitor any subversive activity which could negatively impact the city of Colorado Springs. And let's face it, the Ku Klux Klan historically is a subversive group. And when I saw the ad in the newspaper, obviously, I perked up to this fact and set about trying to address it to understand it.","You had to come up with a gambit for actually meeting him, and you couldn't meet him. You had to find a colleague to do it. So what was the gambit you came up with?","The gambit was I, obviously as a black man of African descent, could not meet Ken O'dell, the local organizer posing as a KKK member. So I had to take a - have a white officer introduced into the mix posing as Ron Stallworth. So I got a undercover narcotics detective friend of mine - in the book, he's identified as Chuck. That's not his real name, but I had Chuck pose as me. And for the initial meeting, I gave him any identification that I had minus a photograph so that if they should question him about being me, he could pull those out and, you know, convince them, and it worked. We did this for 7 1\/2 months."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The Ku Klux Klan is a subversive group that can negatively impact Colorado Springs.","questions":"How did the detective's colleague pose during the initial meeting with Ken O'dell?","answer":"Chuck"}
{"text":["He was.","He wrote many articles in magazines and newspapers, so I guess you could see where he might get carried away a little bit. He was popularizing science to come up with something maybe that was sort of like Einstein said, a little literary license maybe.","Yeah. Einstein regretted having put the term in, but he didn't use those precise words. And this became interesting to me because this is almost Einstein's most quoted phrase. So you know, it was interesting to see has he actually used those words.","Yeah. That is quite interesting. Let's talk about another strange fact that's in your book. You write that Vladimir Nabokov, the author of \"Lolita\" and \"Pale Fire,\" actually came up with a scientific theory about butterflies at one point."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : He did not just get carried away but he exaggerated his claims.","questions":"How did he present his claims?","answer":"Exaggerated"}
{"text":["How quickly would we see a border closing impact the U. S.  auto industry?","Well, really, we would start to see manufacturing facilities impacted almost immediately. Most of the industry follows a just-in-time inventory strategy, which means that the parts that are needed for the vehicle are shipped to the plant as they are needed and on a continual basis. They don't maintain inventory levels at the assembly plant. So we would see a number of factories start to shut down almost immediately because they wouldn't have inventory available to keep going.","Is it possible for you to paint a picture of this for us using a specific car part, for example?","You know, there's a couple interesting ones. One, wire harnesses - these are the wires that are - that go into a vehicle. There's probably miles of these copper wires in a vehicle, very labor-intensive to put these wire harnesses together. The vast majority are made in Mexico that are used in U. S.  manufacturing. And so that's something that would be very important for a vehicle because it goes on early in the process."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The majority of wire harnesses used in U.S. manufacturing are made in Mexico and would be impacted if the border is closed.","questions":"Which car part is mostly made in Mexico and would be impacted if the border is closed?","answer":"Wire"}
{"text":["Governor, let me have you answer your own question. Why are fewer businesses being created?","There are a combination of reasons behind the reduction in business creation. One is that we - like any enterprise - and government is an enterprise - we've had more and more kind of red tape. And sometimes that bureaucracy is excessive and makes it harder for people - the successful employees in somebody else's company - makes it harder for them to take a leap and start their own business.","But I also think a big part of it is we have a consolidation of just two or three companies dominate that industry, right?There - 84% of all the hardware sales are from two companies. So starting a neighborhood hardware company is almost out of the question. People don't think they have a chance.","The question of whether or not certain companies are monopolies has come up again and again throughout the course of this campaign. Would you break up the big tech giants - Facebook and Amazon - as Elizabeth Warren has said she would do?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Dominance of a few large companies is discouraging people from starting their own businesses.","questions":"Which factor is discouraging potential entrepreneurs from starting their own businesses?","answer":"Dominance"}
{"text":["So it's like, your mind can't be stuck on this. You're just like, I'm here, so I'm trying to figure out, how do I even go to school, try to look nice, so the kids don't roast you?You're trying to figure out, how do I talk?How do I, you know, engage?But now we kind of just laugh at it. We make jokes out of anything. That's how I cope with a lot of stuff. I just make jokes about it or just laugh about it. Hip-hop is rooted - was birthed in New York. So it's like there's a history of, like, flipping your story into something positive. And then, you know, we're still here. You know, everybody's alive. Everybody's living, doing their own stuff, trying to chase their dreams. So we try to keep the energy, like, positive and optimistic - you know?- because that's the only way, I feel like, to really live a good life.","(Singing) What's up with you?Won't stop loving you. How you want me to?","Rapper Thutmose on his debut album, \"Man On Fire. \"Producer Christina Cala caught up with him at the South by Southwest Music Festival.","(Rapping) Tell me what your view is. She from Malibu. She want to hang out with the cool kids."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : roast you means to make fun of you, not literally cooking someone","questions":"How does the speaker cope with a lot of stuff?","answer":"Think"}
{"text":["Your program's been underway since the fall. Any success stories yet?","You know, it's hard to define success. The phone's ringing. We've gotten about four dozen calls so far, and those tips are kind of in various stages where local law enforcement is working to vet those. But I think the fact that the phone's ringing and information's coming in where it wasn't before is a huge success for us.","Audrey Simkins is the cold case analyst for the Colorado Bureau of Investigations. Thanks for speaking with us.","Thanks so much for giving me a call."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In this turn, the speaker is not just providing a definition of success but also implying that the program is already showing signs of success by highlighting the increase in tips and information received. ","questions":"What has been the response to the program so far?","answer":"Calls"}
{"text":["I was listening back to some of the pieces that you've done in the past couple of months as we prepare for this broadcast. One of the things that China may have to change is the role of its banks. Banks like to take very few risks if possible, and that means investing in those big state-owned industries that have - well, they may not be spectacular returns anymore, but they are reliable.","Yeah. The banks do extremely well. You and I could sit back and run those banks and be very, very wealthy, though, communist.","The government sets the interest rates and so the banks can make a lot money. And if you're a Chinese person, you can't really get much of your capital out of the country. So where else are you going to put it?","One of the problems with the banks is that they tend to invest in state-owned enterprises. It's kind of part of their job, and it's less risky. But most of the jobs in China are really produced by private enterprise, as they are here in the United States. And it's much harder for them to get capital. So people are, in many ways, feelings that the economy is out of whack in a number ways and that there need to be some serious changes. The government knows this, but there are now very strong vested interests in state-owned enterprises and the banks. And so getting that done is not going to be easy politically."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Chinese citizens have limited investment options due to government regulations","questions":"Which country's citizens have restricted investment options?","answer":"relationship"}
{"text":["Yes, I do think they are well-matched traveling companions. In that both of them bend but nobody really breaks. And so, even though Jack is certainly the student, and she is the mentor, there are times when Jack has the upper hand and he has the better humor. And that, almost off-camera, he can make an aside to the reader. You know, like, she's getting a little bit ditzy right now, so hang on to your hat.","We're - to use one of your phrases, were you a fringy kid?","Yes, I was definitely a fringy kid. I moved a lot as a kid, I went to 10 schools in 12 grades. And so, I was one of those kids that was a permanent wallflower, you know, I'd go I'd hang back and I would observe, and I would sort of be on the fringe. But then I realized that I liked the fringe because the fringe gave me the flexibility to appear or disappear, which I found to be very helpful.","And painful or, at least, vexing as it can be to be a fringy kid. With the advantage of hindsight, is it part of what made you a writer?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) B: \"And painful or, at least, vexing as it can be to be a fringy kid. With the advantage of hindsight, is it part of what made you a writer?\"  The literal meaning of this turn would suggest that being a \"fringy kid\" caused physical pain or discomfort. However, the implied meaning is that feeling like an outsider or a misfit can be emotionally difficult, and that this experience may have contributed to the speaker's development as a writer.","questions":"How did feeling like a misfit contribute to the PersonA's career?","answer":"Development"}
{"text":["No problem.","Aren't the British the original soccer hooligans?","Yeah, exactly. And the Russian fans rioting in France right now, for them the inspiration was the English football hooligan scene of the 1970s, '80s and '90s even. They see England as a spiritual home of football hooliganism, as it were.","How does football hooliganism wind up being a source of inspiration?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This statement implies that the reason behind the Russian fans involvement in the riot in France was the disruption of the Soccer game by the British fans.","questions":"Which event inspired the Russian fans to riot in France?","answer":"British"}
{"text":["Yeah. They're like, oh, my God. Make that face again. That's so funny. But it's not like that. And the reason I talked about it and shared when I did was because there started to be all these compilations of my tics that were made by the fans, which they just thought it was, like, goofy Billie is making a bunch of faces. And they're funny. Let's make a video about it, which is, of course, out of love. And they think that's funny. And they didn't - they don't know, you know?","O'CONNELL: Especially if they think you're doing them on purpose, then it's totally out of love.","They think I'm doing it on purpose. But I felt almost, like, attacked in a way, which was kind of stupid. But it's something like I've lived with my whole life and, like, not been open about because I didn't want it to label me, you know?","Sure, you don't want the whole - that to be the second sentence of every every paragraph about you."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Sure, you don't want the whole - that to be the second sentence of every every paragraph about you.\" - The implied meaning here is that Billie does not want her tics to define her in the media or public perception.","questions":"What does Billie not want to define her in the media or public perception?","answer":"Tics"}
{"text":["Well, the president really is his own brand. And that's kind of a double-edged sword - right?- for Democrats. You know, there's an opportunity for them to legislate with the president. At the same time, there has been, you know, voter research that has shown that voters don't necessarily view President Trump as a dyed-in-the-wool Republican.","He's really his sort of own brand. And so the question is whether voters are going to want to punish Republicans, you know, for what they may see as the president's inability to perform, if that, in fact, turns out to be the case. Hopefully, there's going to be some legislative victories coming here in the next few months, particularly on taxes.","But, yeah, the president's going to zig, and he's going to zag. And in the meantime, I think the Republicans are going to have to do their best to try to muscle through an agenda. And the big one coming up for them is going to be this debate over taxes.","When you say muscle through an agenda, the implication is they've got to twist arms in their own party?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The implication is that the Republicans may have to use strong tactics to pass their agenda, even if it means having to pressure members of their own party.","questions":"Which implication suggests that the Republicans may need to apply forceful methods to advance their agenda, even if it demands pressuring their party members?","answer":"Tactics"}
{"text":["No, no. I just - it's always - to me, it's just the joy of storytelling. And I don't think about it. Getting things in on time has never been a problem for me, so I don't worry about it. You know, I remember watching Morgan Freeman when he did the two Alex Cross movies. And he's so confident that he's going to knock the scene dead, and I'm really confident that I can tell a good story now, so I just don't worry about things.","James Patterson. His book for young readers: \"Middle School: How I Survived Bullies, Broccoli and Snake Hill\", co-written with Chris Tebbetts. His adult book, \"Second Honeymoon\", with Howard Roughan. Thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you. Nice talking to you.","You're listening to WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News.\" The literal meaning of this turn is that the person is informing the listener that they are currently listening to a radio program called WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. The implied meaning, however, is that this is a standard closing statement for the radio program, and it is used to signal the end of the program. It does not literally mean that the listener is currently listening to the program, as the turn can be heard at the end of every episode.","questions":"What program is the person listening to?","answer":"WEEKEND"}
{"text":["That is correct. I was a young editor. And Fleming was a charming man. I liked him enormously. I liked him better than I liked his books actually. He had my first novel and was very, very kind to me about that. Ayn Rand was another case all together. She and I really didn't get along. But she was a tough cookie.","Among the many question this novel keeps raising is it invites the reader to try to figure out what are we really?And it's asking what's the position of the novel, the story, not even just the novel as a forum, but the story.","What I've learned doing this kind of work is that fiction is the most conservative of the arts. If you think historically what has happened in music or among the poets - Whitman in the 19th century just destroying romantic poetry and building a whole kind of new thing. The ideas carried along by the artists who keep changing, keep looking for more, or for something truer, something greater. But generally speaking, the insistence on storytelling of a realistic nature has predominated and continued in the old ways. So, what I'm guided by - perhaps it's futile - is Ezra Pound's injunction. When he was talking to the poets, he said make it new, make it new. And that's what must have been provoking me when this book came along.","Well, E. L.  Doctorow. His new novel, \"Andrew's Brain. \"Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : , the phrase \"make it new\" is not suggesting that the reader should literally create something new, but rather that they should explore new ideas and concepts.","questions":"What is the phrase that Ezra Pound used to encourage poets to explore new ideas and concepts?","answer":"Make-it-new"}
{"text":["So even among homeowners, we found white people are more likely to get a buyout. So NPR's Robert Benincasa - he's my reporting partner on this project - he got a list of properties that the federal government has bought. There are about 40,00 of them. Robert filed a Freedom of Information Act request. The federal government denied it. NPR sued. Eventually, we won.","So when we got it, Robert took all the ZIP codes associated with the property addresses and linked them to U. S.  census data on demographics. And we found that nationally, sales of flood-damaged homes happened most often in places where the population was more than 85 percent white. Now, for context, the whole country is about 62 percent white.","So that's dramatic. So is the federal government responding to this now that you have seen these numbers and done this investigation?","They are. So we interviewed David Maurstad, who oversees FEMA's buyout program. And he said the program is working if it makes the community less risky, it saves property and if it potentially saves lives. It's not designed to consider demographics. And he points out correctly that they don't actually choose which properties are offered buyouts. That's what local governments do."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The actual meaning is that the federal government is not responsible for choosing which properties are offered buyouts, as that is the responsibility of local governments.","questions":"What is the responsibility of local governments in offering buyouts for flood-damaged homes?","answer":"Local"}
{"text":["Yeah. I mean, I don't think they're damaging at all. I think Putin can be quite happy with these results. He had a real problem two years ago after the intervention in Ukraine. Western powers were ignoring and isolating Russia. Obama called the country a regional power. And today, Putin is deciding war and peace in Syria. And, you know, he's being attributed with powers of influencing a U. S.  election. So, in some ways, it makes Russia seem much bigger than it really is.","One thing to keep in mind is that Russians have been told, for some time, that they're at war with the West, not really a shooting war but an information war, sort of a struggle for influence. So there's a widespread perception here that Russia is, itself, the victim of a Western conspiracy. So I think you can say, from the Kremlin's perspective, Russia's just giving the West a taste of its own medicine. More broadly speaking, I think this report really doesn't matter very much here in Moscow. People here are waiting for the inauguration of Donald Trump and nothing else really matters.","NPR's Moscow correspondent Lucian Kim, thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : is that the people of Moscow are not paying attention to the report, but rather are more concerned with the inauguration of Donald Trump.","questions":"How are people in Moscow reacting to the report?","answer":"Inauguration"}
{"text":["This is going to be a really interesting hearing today. I'm going to see if the judge approves these requests from the plaintiffs who want to see more documents being released from the Trump administration as well as they want to see the judge to possibly order more depositions, more officials sitting down for questioning to try to get a bottom of this - these claims. And this could possibly affect - if there's additional documents released, additional testimony - this could affect the ruling that the Supreme Court is expected to release by the end of this month.","That's the final judge here. The Supreme Court will be ruling on this.","Exactly. We're watching to see what the justices say. And it's a very tight deadline. July 1 is when the Census Bureau says that printing has to start for the 2020 census forms.","Hansi, thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The hearing could have an impact on the Supreme Court ruling.","questions":"How could the hearing affect the Supreme Court ruling?","answer":"Impact"}
{"text":["Well, I think some tariffs do. I think this is a misguided policy. It was not thought out well. Of course, it helps the big steel companies, but it's going to affect all the downstream manufacturing jobs. You know, we're asking for help for them to grant our exclusions that we filed. And it can be approved by President Trump just by signing the exclusion, and that's what we're asking him to do.","Mr.  Pratt, will the people who lost their jobs at Mid Continent be able to find jobs elsewhere?","It will be tough in our area. I mean, it's an area of 17,000 people. We're the second-largest employer in the area, employing over 500 at one time. And it will be tough for them to find other jobs.","In the 2016 election, Donald Trump got 80 percent of the vote in Poplar Bluff and in surrounding counties. Has local support for President Trump changed because of what is happening to your company?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The jobs are with companies that use the steel that is made for their products.","questions":"What downstream companies benefit from the tariffs mentioned by A?","answer":"Downstream"}
{"text":["What would happen in a civil contempt is that you would basically be trying to hold the attorney general - get a court order that he was in contempt. And the court would have a hearing. And Justice Department would intervene, and they would fight the contempt citation. And then the court would have a ruling. And that's how the process kind of operates theoretically. What normally happens is the court does not like to step into executive legislative disputes, and they will urge both sides to try to accommodate one another. I think it would only be if the court determined that the Justice Department was really in bad faith would they then hold the attorney general in contempt.","Let me ask you this. If this matter does land in court, if litigation is actively pursued, that could take months. It could take years even. And if the goal is to get information from Attorney General William Barr, how is this an effective strategy?Pursuing a contempt case could result in a huge delay, right?","I think the reality is is that the rules of subpoenas right now as we're discussing in many ways work in favor of the executive for the exact reason that you are hinting at in your question, which is they can run the clock. They can probably run the clock on the enforcement question for months, if not years. And they might be able to even run it up to the next election.","Right. So if the White House intends to stonewall, do you think it's even a wise strategy on the part of the Democrats right now to be talking about contempt?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Litigation could result in a huge delay in getting information.","questions":"What is the potential consequence of pursuing a contempt case?","answer":"Delay"}
{"text":["Yeah. A lot of people get into it for different reasons. First of all, I mean, if anyone says they didn't get into law enforcement to drive a police car fast with the lights and siren that comes screeching into a parking lot sideways and jump out and tackle a guy, they're lying to you. I mean, there's other greater, noble reasons, but come on, man, really?That's why we do it. It's fun.","Derek Pacifico, retired sergeant of the San Bernardino County Sheriff's Department in California. He now runs Crime Writers Consultations and trains novelists and screenwriters on how to write valid, good, honest crime stories. Sergeant, thanks so much.","Thanks for having me. It was a pleasure.","You have the right to remain silent while listening to WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  implies that you should be mindful of the information you hear and stay informed.","questions":"What should you do while listening to WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News?","answer":"Stay"}
{"text":["I asked Soerens what that would mean for his organization.","World Relief is really committed to our mission of empowering local churches to serve the vulnerable. We remain committed to that mission. But it would probably be at a reduced scale because with fewer refugees arriving, we wouldn't be able to maintain the current infrastructure we have throughout the United States. And of course, none of the people we'd be able to serve would be newly arrived refugees because those people would be shut out completely.","There are also questions right now about the asylum laws in general. Before the Trump administration, how difficult was it for any particular individual to claim asylum in this country and have that claim be accepted?","And so someone claiming asylum is basically professing to be a refugee. That is to say, they say they have a well-founded fear of persecution on account of their race, religion, political opinion, national origin or social group. And it's never been easy because the burden of proof is on the applicant. And frankly, sometimes the people who say they're going to kill you don't send you a notarized letter saying that. And you may not have documentary evidence of the well-founded fear of persecution."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : to serve in this context means to help","questions":"What is World Relief's mission?","answer":"Help"}
{"text":["In other words, says Ambassador Hill, the error was to call for the removal of President Bashar al-Assad. Christopher Hill joins us now from his office at the University of Denver, where he's dean of the School of International Studies. He's former ambassador to Iraq, Macedonia, Poland and South Korea, a former assistant secretary of state as well. Nice to talk with you again.","Good to talk to you.","And you concede in your piece that President Assad should be tried for war crimes. How can he be part of a diplomatic solution?","Well, that's not a concession on my part. I'm simply pointing out that the conflict in Syria is a pretty complex one. And the issue often is not how do you get rid of these guys, these dictators, but how do they get there in the first place. And when we start looking into Syria, you see that it wasn't quite the same pattern as Moammar Gadhafi or even the situation in Egypt or some of these other places associated with the Arab Spring, you have a very complex problem. And to this day, some couple years later, you have a lot of people fighting on Assad's side, and they're not fighting on his side because they like him, support him, want to see him continue.","They just fear the future even more than they fear him. And so I think the problem was that in calling for his ouster, we didn't explain what would happen the day after he's gone."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : They didn't get into position in the same way as some places were protests and riots occurred.","questions":"Which country is being discussed in the dialogue?","answer":"Syria"}
{"text":["Antivirus experts are calling Flame one of the most complex threats ever discovered. Once a machine is infected, the operator of the malware can expand its functionality almost like adding apps to a smartphone. Its operators sent out another app with orders to erase it this week, leaving no tracks behind.","Much like Stuxnet, Flame is also believed to be the handiwork of a nation-state. Why are antivirus experts so concerned about Flame?How does this malware tool, spy kit(ph) and eavesdrop?Who's behind Flame, and who are they targeting, and why is it being compared to Stuxnet?","That's what we're going to be talking about this hour. Our number is 1-800-989-8255, 1-800-989-TALK. My guest is Kim Zetter. She is senior reporter at Wired covering cybercrime, privacy, security and civil liberties. She's currently writing a book about Stuxnet and joins us from Oakland, California. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY.","Thank you.","What makes Flame different?","Well, different from the average run-of-the-mill malware that criminals use?"],"speaker":["B","B","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 5 : \"Well, different from the average run-of-the-mill malware that criminals use?\" - The literal meaning is a question about the differences between Flame and other types of malware. The implied meaning is that Flame is not a typical or ordinary type of malware, and its capabilities and characteristics set it apart from other threats.","questions":"What is the implied meaning of the question \"Well, different from the average run-of-the-mill malware that criminals use?\"","answer":"Kim"}
{"text":["Hi - so glad to have you with us. And let me start here. Just to recap this war of words, Iran says the U. S.  is lying about where the drone was shot down. The U. S.  says Iran is lying. How are we likely to know?How will this be resolved beyond a take one person's word over the other situation?How do they figure that out?","Well, first, there is, obviously, the release of the actual location data for where the BAMS or Broad Area Maritime Surveillance aircraft was flying. That - hopefully, it will be released shortly by Central Command. But part of it, too, Mary Louise, is the fact that there's absolutely no reason for this aircraft to have to fly over Iran to gather the data that the U. S.  military was interested in gathering.","You're saying there's circumstantial evidence that just - why would it have been there?- which tends to support the U. S.  position.","Well, right. And no U. S.  commander - speaking from experience - would put the aircraft in that kind of a situation. And for your audience, that reason is that, unlike aircraft - surveillance aircraft in the past, the kind of sensor systems that are onboard this drone are such that they can see dozens and dozens and dozens of miles away from the aircraft. So, you know, it's flying up above 50,000 feet over the Strait of Hormuz. It can monitor the entire strait plus see inside Iran without having to fly over it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : monitor implies to watch and detect presence of something, it's not the computer television-like device","questions":"Which word describes the type of device that the drone's sensor systems are similar to?","answer":"Sensor"}
{"text":["Do you ever feel that way, you're just so tired of singing, but you know you have to because that song is so closely associated with who you are?","Well \"Band of Gold\" would be it, but by the time I get to the end of the show, and I'm coming back for that last encore\u2026","(Singing) Now that you're gone, all that's left is a band of gold\u2026","A lot of times, I will do \"Band of Gold,\" and as a matter of fact, I - and I find that it's a good thing because I see people in the audience just light up, like (unintelligible)\u2026"],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Do you ever feel that way, you're just so tired of singing, but you know you have to because that song is so closely associated with who you are?\" - The implied meaning here is that the person is feeling tired of singing a particular song, but they feel obligated to continue performing it because it is an integral part of their identity and public persona.","questions":"Which song does PersonA mention in their response in turn 1 that is closely associated with who they are?","answer":"Band-of-Gold"}
{"text":["Sure, you don't want the whole - that to be the second sentence of every every paragraph about you.","O'CONNELL: Yeah, Billie Eilish, who has Tourette's syndrome. . .","Right, which since I announced it, which I only announced it because I was, like, this needs to be cleared up. And of course, I said in that thing that I don't want it to define me or be who I am or whatever. And of course now, it's everything everybody talks about all the time. So it's great. And people keep asking about me about it in interviews.","O'CONNELL: (Laughter)."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) implies that the speaker is being sarcastic or making a joke in response to the other person's comment.","questions":"How did O'Connell respond to PersonA's comment?","answer":"Laughter"}
{"text":["I think that the protests need to go as far as we need to take them so that America begins to wake up, that this is a problem. You know, 45 said that this is a local issue and. . .","And by 45, you mean President Donald Trump.","Correct. This is a national epidemic. This is a national outcry of people and communities in pain.","Can you tell us something about Stephon before we say goodbye?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker believes that the protests need to be more extreme for America to acknowledge the issue, but not necessarily violent.","questions":"What does the speaker believe about the nature of the protests?","answer":"More"}
{"text":["Thanks for being with us, Scott. The president, of course, was in Paris this week. He was president Macron's guest for Bastille Day. There'd been some attention in this country which would affix President Macron as somehow a different figure than President Trump. The two of them seemed to get on very well. There seemed genuine rapport.","That's right. I think if this improves relations, it certainly improved body language when it comes to President Trump in Europe. You know, there were so many images at the G-20 of Trump just looking isolated, big policy announcements put out by every country except the United States. So I think Macron sensed an opening here. He saw that Trump needs a friend, an ally, a wingman - whatever you want to call it - in Europe.","And Trump has a long track record of responding when people show him respect and welcome him. There's certainly nothing more welcoming than a big parade being put on, so this seemed to work. They seemed to get along. The question is, does this get Trump to shift on any of the key policy differences?Starting with climate change, where they could not be any further apart.","There was a phrase in the press conference where he said, well, maybe there will be something with the Paris accords, right?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : And Trump has a long track record of responding when people show him respect and welcome him. There's certainly nothing more welcoming than a big parade being put on, so this seemed to work.\" Implicated meaning: Trump tends to respond positively when he is shown respect and hospitality, and hosting a grand parade was a way to create a welcoming environment that appealed to him.","questions":"How did Macron appeal to Trump during his visit to Paris?","answer":"Hospitality"}
{"text":["Are there any good reasons to use this?","There is a separate group here working on storing data in DNA. It turns out that DNA is really robust for long-term storage, whereas, you know, hard drives may die after a few years. You can conceivably store data in DNA for hundreds or thousands of years. And as long as life continues to be based on DNA, we'll always have a reason to read and write DNA. So it's sort of a technology that won't go obsolete.","So, I mean, we underscored the aspect of some kind of mischief or outright miscreants. But I wonder, you know, a few years from now, instead of having hard drives or storage systems, will people just carry around that information in themselves, in their DNA?","I'm not sure that people will carry around that information within them. But I do believe people will start using DNA for sort of long-term storage. So accessing data from DNA and putting data into DNA is a pretty slow process. And so you'll want to, you know, archive photos in there and things like that. But you won't want to use it for your day-to-day tasks, at least not for the foreseeable future."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker is hinting at the possibility of using DNA as a storage system for personal data in the future, instead of relying on hard drives and other storage systems.","questions":"How will people use DNPersonA for storage in the future?","answer":"Long-term"}
{"text":["Oh yes.","I just wonder if you have any thoughts about that, seeing the kind of presence of film versus what digital does nowadays.","We were shooting slides, chromes. So, it's easier to do these things, but you still need the eye, you need the reflexes, you really have to have a compositional sense. So, the expression is everyone is a photographer. Well, it does take a professional. I have to admit.","Michael Philip Manheim, the photographer, joining us from member station WBUR in Boston. Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Well, it does take a professional\" - the actual meaning here is that not everyone can be a good photographer, even with the advancements in technology. The speaker is contradicting the expression \"everyone is a photographer\" and emphasizing the importance of having a professional eye and compositional sense.","questions":"What does the speaker say about being a photographer?","answer":"Professional"}
{"text":["Yeah. I think anybody I grew up with could have said that. Anybody that I'm friends with now in Hazelwood, Haywood County, could say that. That's the reality of people who have nothing. They all know what it's like to miss a meal or to have the lights turned off or to have to decide - do I make my car payment, or do I pay my health insurance?That's a common theme that bridges the gap all across this country. And the unifying thing about that is poverty.","You also talk about addiction. The opioid crisis, as we know, is enormous right now. And you say that people just want to be listened to. What is the story that we aren't hearing?","I think - where that part of that essay came was I'd sat with the man who was interviewing me. And he said - when we were off-camera, he said, you know, I don't understand what would lead somebody to use methamphetamine or heroin. He said, I went to Chapel Hill in the '60s and, believe me, I experimented with drugs.","And what I thought was, your recreational drug use in the '60s is not what I'm talking about. I'm talking about people with $20 in their pocket who feel that the weight of the world is on their shoulders. And the only escape they can get from that is found in a bottle or found in a vial or found in a bag. That's the type of addiction I'm talking about. And I think, until you're willing to recognize that, you're having the wrong conversation."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is implying that the interviewer's drug use in the 1960s is not comparable to the type of addiction that he is talking about.","questions":"How does the speaker differentiate between the interviewer's drug use in the 1960s and the addiction he is talking about?","answer":"struggling"}
{"text":["I don't want to give away how your story seems to resolve itself toward the end, but I think a lot of people would ask you why do you even talk to your mother now?Why do you care what she thinks?","Oh, my God. I love my mother to death, and I'm a writer and I'm a black, American writer, and I would not be a writer, a reader or teacher had my mother not loved me enough to instill a practice at an early age. And this book, in some way, is like her investment coming full circle. She really believes that reading and writing can save us. And I don't know if that's true, but I know I'm a writer. I know I'm an American reader, and I wanted to use my words to try to talk to her and try to tell her that we can be better. We can be better if we give ourselves a chance to walk honestly together. And that's what I tried to do with this book.","Kiese Laymon - his book, \"Heavy: An American Memoir\" - thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you so much for having me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : having me implies hosting me and having someone as a guest","questions":"What does the word \"having\" in turn 3 imply?","answer":"Hosting"}
{"text":["You are a brave man. You think there's going to be any political spats at your table?","Well, the entire house becomes the table with that many people, so we won't actually have room for argument. Anybody who wants to bicker will have to go outside.","John Dickerson is the chief political correspondent for slate. com. Thanks, John, and happy Thanksgiving.","Thank you. Happy Thanksgiving to you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : B is skeptical about political discussions during Thanksgiving","questions":"How does PersonB feel about the possibility of political spats at the Thanksgiving table?","answer":"Skeptical"}
{"text":["It's perfect.","Yeah, bubbly jock. And an owl is a hoolet. And that, again, is based on the sound that it makes. And - but my favorite is a wood pigeon, is a cushie-doo.","That is an absolutely dead-on approximation of its sound.","Isn't it lovely?So a frog is a puddock and sparrow is a speug. So I've never used speug in a sentence, but when I was a boy, we used puddock. So I don't go around trying to convince everybody that my culture's better than theirs, but sometimes it suits my face better. It sits nicely in my mouth."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is using Scottish slang to describe animals.","questions":"What is the PersonA's favorite Scottish slang word for a wood pigeon?","answer":"Cushie-doo"}
{"text":["For conservative groups that are courting Latinos, Trump's remarks are likely to make their work more difficult. Let's turn now to Daniel Garza. He is the president of The LIBRE Initiative, a free market advocacy group founded by the business and political titans Charles and David Koch, specifically to strengthen Republican support among Latinos. Garza also worked in the George W.  Bush administration. And he joins me now from Mission, Texas. Welcome to the program, sir.","Thank you, Lulu. It's a pleasure to be with you.","So I'd like to get your reaction to the president's comments first.","Well, I mean, I felt the president's remarks were counterproductive to trying to resolve, I think, the DACA negotiations. And, of course, I think it entirely inappropriate. Still, I suspect any political fallout will be mitigated by, I think, the booming economy that we're seeing, resulting in record low unemployment for U. S.  Latinos, 3 percent-plus GDP growth and increases in wages because of the tax reform. So, you know, it's - they were not appropriate.","So it seems like Latinos, at this point, might be a tough crowd, though, for Republicans. Immigration constantly polls as one of the main issues for them. And many view Republicans as being on the wrong side of this debate."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : Republicans have a tough time winning over Latino voters","questions":"What is one of the main issues for Latinos according to polls?","answer":"Immigration"}
{"text":["Well, it's a really interesting response. I mean, she didn't say that she didn't do it. She claimed someone had been hacking her Instagram account, but she was very upset, that she was pregnant and she was seeking legal advice.","Give me a little bit of a sense of how big a story this is in Britain today.","It's the story that everybody needs right now, and it appears that people just can't or won't think of anything else. You've got some of the most serious political journalists in the country joking that maybe we could get Coleen Rooney into No. 10 where the prime minister lives in order to work out who's leaking the Brexit stories that are dominating the front-page headlines. But, honestly, it's just been the respite we've all been hoping for. It's been pouring with rain and sort of doom and gloom in the headlines, and sometimes you just need a little bit of cheer. That's the tea from here.","That is Elizabeth Paton, European style reporter for The New York Times based in London. Elizabeth Paton, thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The story is a happy one that is also distracting and the people have been feeling sad so they need the story to make them happy again.","questions":"What kind of story are people in Britain currently obsessed with?","answer":"Story"}
{"text":[". . . You are from this area - born in D. C. , raised in Maryland and Virginia - the DMV, as we like to say. So what's it like to be back home now that you're blowing up like this?Can you go to, like, the CVS if you want to without being recognized?","Yeah. I definitely can go to the CVS. You know, sometimes people recognize me, sometimes they don't. But it's a beautiful feeling, and I just can't wait to move back eventually.","How did you start singing or how did you realize you could sing?","I don't know. I just was always singing. I didn't know if it was good or not, but my grandma, she told me that I sounded like an angel. And that maybe - perhaps that kept me going. I mean, I always wanted a solo at the church, and they didn't ever give it to me. But eventually they did, and I froze. But then I killed it. And I just feel like that kind of just followed me all throughout my life."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : the phrase \"sounded like an angel\" does not literally mean that the speaker's voice sounded like a divine being, but rather that their grandmother thought they had a beautiful singing voice","questions":"How did the PersonA's grandmother describe their singing voice?","answer":"Beautiful"}
{"text":["Well, again, these Italian researchers, the one who did the randomness stuff, looked at this and thought, we can write this up as a simple mathematical description. And they did, and it plays out in a simple way. And that's what led them to their paper in a physics journal that says, we're better off choosing politicians at random, because otherwise, we're all far too prey to this universal plague of stupidness.","That's - what better place to end it, Marc. Thank you very much. Marc Abrahams is editor. . .",". . . and co-founder of the Annals of Improbably Research. . .","Thank you, Ira."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : none","questions":"How did the Italian researchers conclude their study?","answer":"random"}
{"text":["I was going to ask you about that. The Senate has changed hands, but they have a few weeks. Sometimes the president does get lame-duck nominations.","It's possible. The White House is telling me they're not going to push or jam her through. They think Loretta Lynch is so noncontroversial that there is a chance the Senate will take her up in the next few weeks before the Christmas holiday. But more likely, they could start the process with Democrats in control. Pat Leahy, the chairman of the Judiciary Committee now, a Democrat from Vermont, could start the process. And then the nomination would continue into the new Congress. That's what happened with the John Ashcroft nomination to lead the Justice Department in the Bush years.","Well, now, as we note, she's not the first woman to head the Justice Department. That was Janet Reno in the Clinton Administration. Is she going to be the same kind of figure that Janet Reno was?Janet Reno was very separate from President Clinton, unlike most attorneys general.","Well, this is an important point, Linda, because the White House says she's going to be apolitical and independent. The current attorney general, Eric Holder, who's vowed to stay on until Lynch is confirmed as his successor, has really been a political lightning rod. And Lynch is more going to a steward."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  The White House is suggesting that Lynch will be a passive \"steward\" of the Department, in contrast to Holder's more active approach.","questions":"What kind of approach does the White House suggest that Lynch will have in comparison to Holder's?","answer":"Passive"}
{"text":["Curative instruction meaning, I'm sorry I said that. Disregard that.","Exactly. Yeah, I made a mistake - mea culpa. I shouldn't have said that. Please disregard what I said and don't hold it against the counsel for either of the parties.","Dramatic testimony from Richard Gates, Manafort's former business partner, this week who essentially said, look. Paul Manafort's a crook. And I know because I am, too. And we schemed together to steal money. That's an argument the defense can turn against the prosecution in a way, though, too, isn't it?","Absolutely. So what the defense may try to do is say, what we're dealing with here is a criminal, a dishonest individual from start to finish. He is being sponsored - his testimony is being sponsored by the government. But you can't trust him. After all, look at all the things he's done. He's stolen, in fact, not only from others but from his own business associate, Mr.  Manafort."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A is admitting their mistake and asking for forgiveness","questions":"Which turn is PersonA's apology and request for forgiveness?","answer":"One."}
{"text":["Yeah.","And I thought it was important to bring that to them.","When you approach prison administrators and ask them to distribute this inside their facility, what has their reaction generally been?Is there resistance?","Well, initially from some there was. I mean, here is this guy. He was formerly incarcerated. He comes out in less than a year, and he wants to bring material back in. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The phrase \"here is this guy\" may imply that the speaker's background as a formerly incarcerated person could be a factor that some administrators may not be comfortable with. The speaker's use of the phrase \"initially from some there was\" implies that there may have been resistance from some prison administrators, but not necessarily all of them.","questions":"How might the PersonA's background affect the reaction of some prison administrators?","answer":"Resistance"}
{"text":["I do. I hope I give them - my songs give them a reason to wake up, you know, and think about what is going on in the world. And hopefully they resonate with the audience, the people who are hearing them. I've always hoped from the time we started singing the freedom songs that our songs - was singing them to make a difference. You know, make a better place. Help somebody instead of hurting somebody. You know, so much we could do to make it better.","Well, it's such a delight to speak with you again. I am so excited that I get the chance to talk with you about this new album. You know I'm going to put you on the spot and ask you if you have a favorite.","All of these songs, Michel. I love every one. But I do love \"Heavy On My Mind. \"","(Singing) We did everything we could to slow this world down. Now my love is in the ground."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : wake up implies for the persons to come back to their normal senses and not to dull or be fulled anymore ","questions":"How does the song \"Heavy On My Mind\" relate to the idea of waking up according to the dialogue?","answer":"Resonate"}
{"text":["Well, yes, of course, I have. I had to. When I realized that I wanted to write this novel and this is the way I wanted to do it, I wanted to use the monarchs - OK, we'll say it - the monarchs as a device. I, of course, had to be able to describe this phenomenon infinitely, in many different ways, and to express in language how amazing and how beautiful it is.","So I had to go and see that, and I did go to Mexico and spend time on the mountaintops in Michoacan, where these - the whole species or the whole population of eastern monarchs congregates in the winter. And so I had to be able to recreate that. So, yes, I have seen them. And it's - it is a wonder of the world.","Hmm. You're listening to SCIENCE FRIDAY, on NPR. I'm Flora Lichtman, talking with Barbara Kingsolver about her new novel, \"Flight Behavior. \"","It comes through as a real phenomenon in the book, too. I mean, it just seems - you can see why people would look at it and think it's a miracle."],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : the phenomenon described in the book is extraordinary and could be perceived as a miracle by some readers, even though the literal meaning is simply acknowledging that the phenomenon is portrayed realistically in the book.","questions":"Which phenomenon in the book is described as potentially perceived as a miracle by readers?","answer":"phenomenon"}
{"text":["As the biggest impact there?","From the tech sector in today's economy?","Yes.","Yeah, just job loss. It's been a major - I mean, specifically, you're looking at places that are - manufacturing is taking a hit. Companies are looking to do more with less. You are seeing just in recent news, other technology companies like HP and others are making some type of adjustments to - not only their work force but also to their strategies, in a good way though."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Technology companies are restructuring and reducing their workforce","questions":"How are technology companies responding to the current economic situation?","answer":"Restructuring"}
{"text":["One sergeant in the Green Berets told you - and this gives you some sense of the intensity of what went on - I've never seen that many rocket-propelled grenades in my career.","That's correct. He's an 11-year veteran of the Green Beret team, so he's pretty much seen it all in Iraq and Afghanistan. And he said it was almost, you know, cinematic. This particular attack seemed so highly orchestrated that they just felt like, you know - that they were throwing everything that they could at them.","Why weren't the Afghan military forces in Ghazni able to repel this Taliban attack?","The local forces had communication problems. They weren't able to really strategize about how to beat back the Taliban forces. They were overwhelmed in a lot of ways, despite the fact that they're flush with U. S. -supplied weaponry, at that. There were reports of Afghan military firing on their own forces, as well as American convoys. And there were reports that they had delivered the wrong supplies to police departments that were in desperate need of more ammunition. So really, what it came down to was that they needed the U. S.  Special Forces and Afghan commandos, which is special forces of sorts for the Afghans, to be able to have strategy, to be able to communicate with one another and to be able to act in concert rather than these sort of disparate skirmishes.","That adds up to a pretty damning appraisal of the Afghan military's readiness."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The green berets are a military organization that wears green berets.","questions":"Which article of clothing do the Green Berets wear as a symbol of their organization?","answer":"Berets"}
{"text":["Fall color is peaking in New York's Adirondack Mountains. There's already been a first dusting of snow on the summits. North Country Public Radio's Brian Mann set out in his canoe to take in autumn's big show near Lake Placid, and he sent us back this audio postcard.","I'm paddling up the Chubb River, wildness all around me, tamaracks here by the shore and willows. This could easily be northern Canada. It's really crisp out here. You can really taste fall now in the air. And there is this kind of stained-glass look to the hillsides, like splashes of crimson red. I mean, just truly tropical red.","There's brilliant sun, and the maple and birch are lit up. As the river winds into the mountain valley, it narrows and narrows again, so I'm squeezing through a vein of water to get to the hiking trail, willow branches squeaking against the canoe. I pass a beaver lodge and turn. And suddenly, I'm right on top of a pair of indignant mallards that go whirring into the sky.","All right, guys, don't mean to scare you."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The maple and birch have yellow leaves due to the fall season. The river has turns in it as it flows through the mountainside. The person is paddling through a very narrow part of the river. The person passes a home of a beaver and birds fly quickly overhead.","questions":"Which trees are lit up?","answer":"Mapleandbirch"}
{"text":["No, because the guys used to sit on the porch and play their guitars and (unintelligible). And then would beat to the tap of their foot. So I kind of adapted that tanta-ta-tan-tum, tanta-ta-tan-tum(ph). I mean, because - I mean, my people - my relatives, most of them were from Jackson, Mississippi. So when they migrated to Indianapolis, they kind of brought a lot of that feeling.","When he said write a hit, that one song people know me all over the world, in Russia, Africa, Japan, all over the world, people, the first thing they say when they see me, \"Red Clay. \"","In the course of your career, you had, obviously, highs and you had some lows, and they've been described as personal problems. Without going into detail, are we to assume that those problems were substance abuse related?","Well, substance abuse, I wouldn't really say I had a problem with that. I mean, I would say that at one period in the '70s, I started partying, I was in Hollywood A-list(ph). And everybody would come up there, I mean, all kind of movie stars, all kind of football stars, basketball stars, actors. And I had a spot right there in (unintelligible) overlooking the (unintelligible). And the people that I had coming up there - now, the substance abuse, it was around because a lot of people who would come to see me would bring it. But I would never really say I had a habit or anything like that."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : There were some personal problems, and he is trying to understand the reason behind them without being too direct.","questions":"What did PersonB want to know about the personal problems?","answer":"Reason"}
{"text":["You know, we don't do a lot of cookbooks on this show. Hugh Acheson's latest cookbook fits right in. It doesn't show much cooking. The chef is shown reading in a lawn chair, taking a hot bath, even playing the cello - at least holding the bow over one.","It's a book about what you can cook - if that's quite the word - while you do something else, even for hours. \"The Chef And The Slow Cooker\" is by Hugh Acheson, the acclaimed Canadian Southern chef who owns big-name restaurants in Georgia and is a judge on \"Top Chef. \"He joins us from WABE in Atlanta.","Chef, thanks so much for being with us.","It's great to be here, Scott."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It's a book about what you can cook - if that's quite the word - while you do something else, even for hours. Implicated meaning: The book suggests cooking in a way that doesn't require constant attention or active involvement. It provides recipes or techniques for cooking dishes that can be prepared while engaging in other activities, even for extended periods of time.","questions":"Which activity can you do while cooking, according to the book?","answer":"Something"}
{"text":["You've complained that the U. S.  through both Republican and Democratic administrations has ceded to Israel on most issues and, therefore, has never really been a fair and impartial third party. Has Trump, in effect, made what you consider to be unstated U. S.  policy simply more explicit?","He certainly has. One of the things that Trump has done is that he's brought to the forefront and brought to the - brought - made very apparent that the United States has never been an honest broker - not under Clinton, not under Bush and certainly not under Obama.","Obama was a president who gave Israel the largest aid package that Israel has ever seen. And it had also turned a blind eye to Israeli settlement activity. What Trump has now done is he's put it very much in your face and made it clear that the United States has never been and will never be an honest broker.","Trump, in one of his tweets, did say that Israelis would have to pay more, though, for the recognition of their capital, suggesting Israel will have to make significant concessions to Palestinians. Does that encourage you at all?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The United States has never been an honest broker.","questions":"What has Trump made very apparent about the United States?","answer":"Explicit"}
{"text":["A lot of destruction, complete devastation - the poultry barns, for example, some of those barns are completely gone. Where the hardest wind gusts hit, it was like Godzilla came and just pulled everything up from the ground. With the banana plantations, you know, you can see when the weakest palm trees fell and broke - when they started feeling the winds because they're leaning one way. And then when the hurricane changed direction, then you see the other one's going to the other side and broken. So you can see the power (laughter) that the hurricane had.","What are we looking at in terms of how quickly they can start working again?","It will depend on the crop. For example, the coffee growers - the arabica bean coffee was being harvested right now. So they're working hard to collect from the ground whatever's left so they can sell it in the market. So we're giving them working capital to be able to pay their payroll, and then we'll start planning for next year's harvesting because it's a one-year crop. On the other end, some of the papaya plantations - growers, they also have bananas and plantains. They have younger trees. So if they cut down the banana trees, in eight, nine months they'll be able to get on their feet.","What does this mean for Puerto Ricans and their access to food?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Some crop growers are able to resume operations sooner than others depending on the crop type.","questions":"How does the timing of crop resumption differ?","answer":"Timing"}
{"text":["Good to be with you, Linda.","So we've got a ticket, at long last. What is Governor Pence's contribution?What does he bring to the table?","He has three things that Donald Trump lacks and needs. He has the trust of most social conservatives. He has a long history of working with other party leaders in Washington. And he has good relationships with the kind of Republican donors who have been shying away from Donald Trump up to now.","Which sounds sensible, conventional and not at all like Donald Trump."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) Implies that the qualities Governor Pence brings to the table are sensible, conventional and different from Donald Trump's.","questions":"What kind of qualities does Governor Pence bring to the table according to A?","answer":"sensible"}
{"text":["I went back to Nepal in 2013 to write about the same supply chains feeding guys making cameras for the iPhone 5 in Malaysia. And some of the families that I wrote about at the time and got together and - was this woman, this magnetic woman who lit up the room, who was leading the conversation that everybody was deferring to. She was cutting off the men, which you also don't see much of in Nepal. And I didn't even recognize her.","And it was the same young woman. This woman, who was broken when I saw her in 2005 at this ashram, had just completely transformed her life. She not only made herself self-sufficient, but she rebuilt herself emotionally and has just this incredible self-awareness about everything that's happened to her and her refusal to be a victim and to rise up and face KBR Halliburton as a key witness in this case.","I was about to ask. How. . .","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The woman was a strong leader and dominated the conversation despite the patriarchal society in Nepal.","questions":"How did the woman behave in the conversation?","answer":"assertively"}
{"text":["Nice to talk to you, Audie.","So to start, back in 2013, what intention of this legislation - allowing migrant workers to drive legally - what was the need you thought you were meeting?","There are about 1,500 undocumented people, mostly Mexicans, working on Vermont dairy farms. And they are, basically, supporting our dairy industry. And the need was that so many of them were living in the shadows of the barns - really literally. They did not have transportation. They relied on volunteers or their employers to get them to medical appointments or shopping and all sorts of things. And a group called Migrant Justice started working on the issue and started talking to lawmakers. So it was a very sort of innocent kind of idea that, you know, we can be a state that can accept that these people are here supporting our economy, and we want to be able to provide for them in some way.","Now, fast forward many years, and the Vermont DMV has many records - right?- of people in the country illegally; people who have gotten these driver's licenses. So what was your reaction when you learned about the cooperation between ICE and the Vermont DMV?","Well, I feel terrible that we facilitated this law and now it's putting people in jeopardy. And that was not the intent of law at all. And so it's very, very distressing to hear what's been going on. As you probably know, in 2017, the state officially ended this policy. But in the meantime, there have been other sharing of information by DMV, maybe not at the top levels, with ICE officials."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : implies to not being in support and feeling unfavorable about the result. ","questions":"How does PersonA feel about the cooperation between ICE and Vermont DMV?","answer":"Terrible"}
{"text":["Well, it's changed many, many things - color's absolutely everywhere. So, wherever I look there's music now. Going to the museum now, I can listen to an Andy Warhol, I can listen to a Picasso. And when I listen to music, it happens the other way around. I feel color, so it's changed the way they perceive not only (unintelligible). So, daily places, such as supermarkets, 'cause there's many, many colors there.","Mr.  Harbisson, you co-founded the Cyborg Foundation. What do you do and what do you mean when you list one of the goals of the organization to defend cyborg rights?","Well, now, cyborgs are a minority group. There are no laws defending the right to use technology as a part of the body. And then we want to defend the right of anyone who feels their right of wearing technology as part of the body has been in danger. In cases like not being allowed into a shop, for example, or not being allowed in a cinema, 'cause they think that they might be doing something illegal, or just the simple fact of being able to appear on your passport photo with your cybernetic extension if it appears on your head.","Now, I gather you can now appear that way on your passport photo?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"defend cyborg rights\" - the actual meaning is advocating for the legal recognition and protection of individuals who have integrated technology into their body as a part of their identity. The literal meaning would be physically defending cyborgs.","questions":"What is the goal of the Cyborg Foundation in defending cyborg rights?","answer":"Recognition"}
{"text":["Thank you. Thank you for saying snot-like. Not a - I don't believe we've had that phrase on our show before. So what is there. . .","It's a first.","What is there about this delightful mucus of the tongue?","Well, we spent a few years studying the frog tongue."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  (2) A: It's a first. - Implied meaning: This phrase is new and has not been used before.","questions":"How would you describe the phrase used by PersonB on the show?","answer":"first"}
{"text":["Work on voter registration, voter mobilization, education, coalition building, work together to help end the war in Iraq and Afghanistan. Reinvest in America. Convince young America that they really do have the power to change the course of the country. We must have a renewed and multiracial and multicultural coalition. These are the things that I've revolved my work around, and I intend to be pushing them real hard this summer and fall.","And do you think you'd go out on the stump with him if he wanted you to, or does he want you to?","Whatever proximity he wants. You know, he must make that decision, you know, as to who, you know, that campaign, you know, you have consultants, you have advisors, you have surrogates, you have supporters. I'm a strong supporter and have been so since before he announced, and I will continue supporting because I believe he represents the right side of history for all of America and really for the world.","Well, Reverend Jackson, thank you so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A is advocating for political activism and social justice","questions":"Which campaign is PersonA referring to?","answer":"Campaign"}
{"text":["And, of course, we have humanitarian assistance programs on the ground providing lifesaving assistance to the thousands of people who are escaping, going into safety. The worry is, first of all, within Idlib itself, it's a governorate with 3 million people living. This is the area where many people had fled from throughout the country. So there's a displacement that is happening on the doorstep of Turkey with 3 million people inside. And it has, also, all the elements to create further regional destabilization should this escalation continue.","What we are calling for is a cessation of hostilities. There must be a peaceful way forward, a way which - a solution that does not involve residential areas being bombed, a solution that is not military and that - a solution that ensures the protection of the children, the women, the families, the civilians who are living in this area.","And there have also been strikes from the rebel side.","There have been strikes on both sides. There have been, also, victims on both sides. There's been civilians that then also have circulated from government areas, which have also been affected. And it's equally unacceptable to civilians on both sides to find themselves the victim of this conflict.","I gather the U. N.  has tried to protect civilians from attack by sharing information about the whereabouts of schools and hospitals with the government so they will know to steer clear. Has that not been successful?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The displacement is happening on the border of Turkey.","questions":"What is the location of the displacement?","answer":"doorstep"}
{"text":["When she decided it was not in the national interest to grant security clearances for these 25 individuals, her supervisor overruled her and never provided any rationale for his decisions. In the past, when she was overruled on rare occasion, they would - supervisor would point out the mitigating circumstances and would work with her to assess the risk. Her former supervisor Carl Kline wouldn't speak to her, in fact would direct her not to get involved in these disputed security adjudications.","There has been reporting that President Trump got personally involved in order to grant security clearances for his son-in-law and others. Do you have any awareness of that?","My client would have no direct awareness of that. It was at a much higher level than she was operating at.","What led your client Tricia Newbold to conclude that the problems she was seeing in her office could not be addressed within the executive branch that she works for but instead needed to be addressed by Congress?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"What led your client Tricia Newbold to conclude that the problems she was seeing in her office could not be addressed within the executive branch that she works for but instead needed to be addressed by Congress?\"  The phrase \"addressed by Congress\" is figurative, as it means that the issues raised by Tricia Newbold needed to be dealt with by the legislative branch of government, rather than just the executive branch where she worked.","questions":"How did Tricia Newbold want the issues she was seeing in her office to be addressed?","answer":"Congress"}
{"text":["WHYY.","Excellent. And tell us a little bit about your situation. You wrote that you are a member of the sandwich generation. What does that mean?","Well, it means that I'm taking care of children, and I'm also taking care of an elderly mother.","So, you've got a lot of expenses. How are you coping with those expenses right now?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Asking how the speaker is managing their expenses.","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue is about the PersonA's financial situation?","answer":"Turn2"}
{"text":["Well, one of the first things you do when you find out somebody who shares your name is say, oh, where's your family from?So I told him my family was Romanian and many had come over after World War II. And he told me when I asked him that his family was indeed descended from a sort of aristocratic Austrian family and that he was clearly not wealthy now. There had once been a family fortune, but as he put it, mother lived too long.","Mother lived too long.","Mother lived too long.","And so this acquaintance blossomed over the years, and so you got to know him a little bit."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : would be that a mother was still alive and living for a long time, while the actual meaning is that due to her long life, the family fortune had been depleted. ","questions":"How did the family fortune deplete?","answer":"Mother"}
{"text":["Some people, they thinking the sanction will bring the government down. The other people, they think that sanctioning Iran will damage more regular people's life. This is the war. The sanction is some kind of economic war. So war started long time ago based on the economy.","And finally, before we let you go, you know, in - there have been times in the past that Iranian Americans have mobilized, you know, despite the fact that - as you said, that there are lots of different perspectives about the relationship and how it should proceed. But most recently, for example, there were - Iranian Americans were organizing around opposing the Trump administration's efforts to make it harder for people from predominantly Muslim countries to come here - the so-called Muslim travel ban. Is there any sense, do you have any sense that the community is mobilizing in any particular way now, as these tensions are rising?Or is it just too soon, and people just aren't sure - aren't really sure what to do?","For the majority of the people, it is not time yet. Everything is just going back and forth. One day, they're attacking. Ten minutes later, they said, we stopped the attack. So people, they don't know what's going on. But still, in majority of the community, you are mostly against the war, no matter from each side.","That is Raza Goharzad. He hosts the show \"Politics And Society With Reza Goharzad\" on KIRN in Los Angeles. It's also known as Radio Iran. He also hosts a television show which is seen in Iran."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This statement implies that the situation is unpredictable and confusing for many people.","questions":"How do people feel about the war?","answer":"Conflicted"}
{"text":["What's this program, Becoming a Man, meant to you and other students and your friends?","It means a lot. It gives you insight of how to be a man and take care of your business and have integrity, visionary goal-setting and respect for one another. It helps you be more aware of who you are and what you could do with your life.","Tell us a bit about your life, could you, and your family.","I'm the youngest of six, which is hard to be sometimes, because you get bossed around by everybody in the house. Come from a single-parent home - my mom. Dad was never around. I have sickle cell anemia, so I persevered over that. We had good times and bad times, you know, just like any other family. But we're very close."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : What's this program, Becoming a Man, meant to you and other students and your friends?","questions":"How did PersonA describe the benefits of the program \"Becoming a Man\"?","answer":"Insight"}
{"text":["The World War II submarine veterans that survived - most people don't know this, but submarine service was the deadliest service to be in during World War II. So these guys wanted to honor all their lost friends. And ironically, they had to use spring floods to actually put it in place, and we're going to have to use spring floods or early summer floods to put it back in place, so full circle, you know?","Yeah. So I'm talking to you, of course, on Memorial Day. You had a whole ceremony planned at the memorial park. What did you all have planned?","Well, another thing that we have on the ground is a piece of the USS Oklahoma, one of the battleships that sunk at Pearl Harbor. And we were actually going to do what we call a tolling for all the people who perished on board the USS Oklahoma. So it's over 400 people. It's a beautiful ceremony. And that's the painful thing is that everybody's off today, but we don't feel complete because we're not doing what we want to do. We're not honoring the people that have given their lives for this country. And it's kind of - I don't know. I don't know how to take it. It's weird.","Well, Brent Trout, thank you so much for taking the time to speak with us. And we wish you luck in the coming days as you watch what happens with the water there."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Not being able to honor the fallen soldiers on Memorial Day is painful.","questions":"How does PersonA describe the ceremony they had planned for Memorial Day?","answer":"tolling"}
{"text":["It was really expensive. It was the most expensive substance on Earth at the time. We're talking about equivalent of 2. 2 million dollars for a single gram.","Wow. And in 1917, of course, with World War I cranking up, there was huge military demand for watches that you could see in the dark and dials that you could see in the - in the dark.","That's right. And as you said, this is when the book opens, so shortly before America joined the First World War. And once they did, of course, join that global conflict, there was this huge boom to the radium industry. Soldiers needed watches, and people needed it for the planes and the trucks and so on. And so the dial painters, who were the radium girls - they were employed to paint all these dials with luminous radium paint. And they were taught to lip point, so to put their brushes between their lips to make a fine point for the detailed handiwork.","To actually put the brush with the radium paint into their mouth."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  the workers were instructed to put the brush with the radium paint into their mouth, not just place it between their lips.","questions":"Which part of their body were the workers instructed to put the brush with radium paint into?","answer":"Mouth"}
{"text":["If you want to talk about people, not governments, you'll find that the vast majority of Arabs in the Middle East and wherever else, they do support - not Hamas as an ideology or whatever, they support a people surrounded in a very small piece of land besieged, not allowed to leave, travel, import goods. That is what they support.","They sympathize with the people in general, be it Hamas. If we had Buddhist government governing Gaza, they would also sympathize with them. It's not really about Hamas or Fatah or whatever.","You said you were not a supporter of Hamas before. Are you now more favorably inclined to Hamas?","No, no, I wouldn't say that. I wouldn't say I am inclined to Hamas or any other party here in Gaza, but human beings by nature will probably go for the underdog. And at this moment in time, Hamas is the underdog.","So what do you think needs to happen on your side for the bombing to cease, for there to be another ceasefire?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Arabs sympathize with the people in Gaza, regardless of their governing party","questions":"How do Arabs view the people in Gaza?","answer":"People"}
{"text":["If that was the concern initially, I've never heard it expressed in recent years. There are now so many people who have gotten out, and their stories have been corroborated by, you know, so many of these different people who've escaped that it's, you know, North Korea is as bad as they say, and perhaps even worse.","But, you know, I would like to say that the stories are also inspiring. You hear these terrible things, and sometimes I go to sleep at night thinking about the horrible stories I'd heard about life in North Korea. But at the same time, it's very positive to think that after six decades of totalitarian repression, there are people who are still longing for freedom and have the courage to go after it.","Yet it raises the question of the many more who are still inside that hell on Earth.","Indeed. And the 24,000, 25,000 who have gotten out are a drop in the bucket when you consider there are still 25 million people enslaved in North Korea. However, the North Koreans who escape are small in number, but they have provided a huge service, two ways. One is that they've educated all of us about the reality of life in North Korea. Nobody can say today that we didn't know. We now know about the gulag. We know about the way the government uses food as a political tool. We know all of this."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  Even though the conversation is centered on the North Koreans who have escaped, turn (3) highlights the fact that there are still millions of people living under the oppressive regime in North Korea, and their plight should not be overlooked or forgotten.","questions":"How many people are still enslaved in North Korea?","answer":"25"}
{"text":[". . . And she really went for the eyes. But besides that first thought, my sister was a genius. She was just a creative person all around. And when I came into the world, my sister kind of took me by my hand and was like, OK, you know, our family didn't have a lot of money, but this is how you have fun - and just showed me how to use my imagination, how to be creative.","On this album, Brittany Howard talks about how she became herself - the artist, but also the person.","(Singing) My grandmama's a maid. My momma was brave to take me outside, because momma is white and daddy is black. . .","This song is called \"Goat Head. \"It's about a racist incident that her parents experienced. It's also about what it meant to be a biracial kid in Alabama in the 1990s. Growing up, Brittany had a lot of questions."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : how she became herself implies the story of her discovery and success ","questions":"Which incident is \"Goat Head\" about?","answer":"incident"}
{"text":["What the spoon is made of, of course, can change things because somebody else did some tests not that long ago with spoons made of different metals and found out that - what a lot of people believe - that different metal tastes different to your tongue - that for many people that's true. For some people, it's not so true. But they - these guys also played with things like what's the shape of the spoon?What's the color of the spoon?How heavy is it?All those things had some effect on people. The more interesting thing to me, at least today, is when people said the taste - that actually tasted different because of how it was served or what it was served in it. It was sweeter. It was saltier, whatever. You would think that couldn't change.","But it did. And one - I got about a few seconds here. But one of the more fascinating things, to me, from the study is that people were willing to pay almost 50 percent more for the same wine if it was served under a red light than if was under a white light.","Yeah, quite amazing, huh?And things served on different colored plates sometimes tasted sweeter to them.","Wow. Thank you, Marc. We'll see you again."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The taste of food is influenced by various factors such as the material, shape, color and weight of the utensils.","questions":"Which factor affects the taste of food?","answer":"Material"}
{"text":["This has been just week one of the trial. And as we noted, there's another Manafort trial ahead. And gosh knows what the fallout will be in reporting about the lobbying industry. But do you - is it possible, do you think, that the lobbying industry - is it some kind of break point, as arguably it was, let's say, a decade ago about the Jack Abramoff revelations?","It might be, particularly for foreign interests. I know that there's a lot of concern from the president on down of people everywhere trying to get at America and learn our interests and learn our secrets. And there may be some attempt to have more transparency about public lobbying for foreign interests.","I mean, the suggestion is, they'd just walk out on K Street, hire somebody, and that's how they'd do it.","Right. That's right. And I think people would say, I think we need to have a little bit more oversight. You know, we don't want individuals - American lobbyists - looking for secrets and then selling them to our foreign adversaries. It kind of reminds me in a way of, like, the 1950s. You know, we're all real nervous about what foreigners are doing, so let's pass some laws to make sure that America doesn't help our enemies."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : There is a concern that American lobbyists may sell secrets to foreign adversaries.","questions":"Which industry might be a break point, as it was a decade ago about the Jack Abramoff revelations?","answer":"Lobbying"}
{"text":["(Laughing) I have no regrets at all about the path I followed. But a balanced life ought to have more than just a, you know, a central focus of a career. I think it's healthy to have other interests.","So, it's therapy in a way.","Yeah, it's sort of stress management, I guess. It's difficult for me because I'm a beginner, so it's frustrating and humiliating. But at the same time, when a painting comes out good, you feel pretty good about it. So, it's - yeah it's good.","Now, as I said at the outset, you were controversial during your tenure at the CPA running Iraq basically right after the war ended. And I'm just wondering - I don't want to go back and forth through the allegations, but I'm just wondering, you know, it's been several years since you've returned and I'm wondering, do you have any regrets or would you do anything differently?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The person has no regrets about the way they have lived their life.","questions":"What was the central focus of the person's career?","answer":"Career"}
{"text":["And why do you choose to move to this country and live in Los Angeles and try to make it here when you're, I guess, a big star back in South Africa?","Because you have to grow. It's fun, you know?And I think America was a great choice because we have such a great shared history in terms of South Africa's past and America's past. You know, we both have a history of slavery. We both have a history of black people fighting for their freedom and independence. And then you both - we both have the very sensitive change now in terms of - people have this like it's - in both countries, you see this subtle racism and, you know, they're struggling to deal with raise and people don't know how to deal with it.","I mean, I've seen out here, people don't even want to say the word black. I don't know when black became negative, but now people go, oh, you shouldn't say black. Yeah, we - you say urban, yeah. Baltimore is going to be real urban, Trevor. That's what people tell me.","And I got to Baltimore, and I was expecting, because urban means built up and new, you know. So I got there and I was, whoa, it's not as urban as people told me, you know, and like - but it's very black. I'll tell you that much. So it's interesting to see, you know?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : big star implies being very popular  well known  or famous and not talking about the star in the sky ","questions":"Which word did people start avoiding using to describe black people?","answer":"Black"}
{"text":["(Laughing) You would think, but its this weird sort of a - the more I get to know them, the more they become different objects with such different ingredients that I love them more with each passing day.","(Laughing) So I have a burrito specimen here with me in the studio. And I'm going to unwrap. . .","Is it in wax paper or tinfoil?","It is in both tinfoil and wax paper."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The implied meaning is that B's special person is being given the utmost care and protection.","questions":"How was the burrito wrapped?","answer":"Wrapped"}
{"text":["Reptilian, exactly, and now we know that many species of dinosaurs had feathers or simple filaments that seem to be feather precursors in some cases.","Do your findings come from the relatively recent discovery that some dinosaurs had feathers?Is this sort of, like, the next step?","We are sort of taking the next. In the last 10 years, we've discovered that we can gain insight into the colors of dinosaurs and how they may have used visual signals in important contexts. And so what we wanted to ask is, can we gain insight into the vocal communication that extinct dinosaurs might have had?","Well, so what's next for you in your research?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Dinosaurs might have used visual and vocal signals to communicate with each other.","questions":"What kind of signals did dinosaurs potentially use to communicate?","answer":"visual"}
{"text":["Oh, thanks. We're professional seguers here at NPR.","You took my breath away there.","Well, speaking of age, though, you're - you play a geezer in this picture.","Yeah, but I'm the youngest in the cast.","Really, I'm the baby."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  B implies that the character A is old or elderly.","questions":"What role does PersonA play in the picture?","answer":"Old"}
{"text":["Correct.","And that's the idea?","That's exactly the idea and that's where we are today. So you kind of keep the country in limbo. And you say, as long as there's no election then I get to be president.","Have there been any calls for President Kabila to be investigated, forced to step down, impeached, put on trial for violating the constitution?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) Implied Meaning: Is President Kabila using the current situation to remain in power?","questions":"Which President is being discussed in the dialogue?","answer":"President-Kabila"}
{"text":["The parallels between the two men were extraordinary, and, of course, I didn't know that when I started researching the story. But every step of the way, there was something else that was a mirror image. They both pursued lofty goals in childhood. They both suffered love and loss as young men. They both lost their wives and were left with infant daughters at very young ages. They both embraced public service, and they both emerged as leaders. And the thing is that in another more enlightened time, they could've held the other's job.","It is also interesting. We mentioned Frederick Douglass, obviously the first generation of African-American leaders in this country. He met with President Lincoln, was - discussed the race issue several times during the Civil War with him, and it is Booker T.  Washington who sort of picks up the mantle, along with W.  E.  B. Du Bois.","They did. But it was interesting to me that Booker T.  Washington and Du Bois came from completely different positions. Slavery was not a concept to Booker T.  Washington. He lived it. Whereas Du Bois grew up in Massachusetts and had a - was born free and had a completely different experience. It was really Booker T.  Washington's mission to lead his people out of slavery. He was actually called the Negro Moses, and it was Du Bois' mission to lead them into the 20th century. If they had been able to work together in concert, I think that what they would've achieved would've been remarkable.","Yet they had tensions, well, I think, that continue to this day."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : This statement implies that both men pursued a career in politics and held leadership positions, but not that they held the same political position or leadership role.","questions":"How were the political positions of the two men portrayed in the statement?","answer":"Leadership"}
{"text":["Because you have eggplant parmesan just in the book.","(Laughter).","You can do that as an antipasto?","Every time someone turns to that page, they're like, this is an appetizer?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Expressing surprise that eggplant parmesan can be served as an antipasto.","questions":"How did PersonB react to the idea of eggplant parmesan being served as an antipasto?","answer":"Surprised"}
{"text":["Yeah, I don't think there's been a response to it yet - not that I've seen. And I guess, you know, it puts a cloud on it. The special relationship was given a boost by the birth of Meghan's and Prince Harry's baby. And that was seen as sort of a good omen ahead of this visit, unfortunately, now is being, obviously, overshadowed by what Donald Trump has said. That may be a prelude to what he may say about other people here.","And I think the concern is that Donald Trump will use this and kind of abuse the invitation. He'll be given all the kind of welcome that he can expect in a royal visit. But is he going to return the favor, or is he going to bring up these tricky diplomatic issues, which are kind of flies in the ointment in the relationship as it currently stands?","So, Dominic, what I'm hearing from you is that there's a great deal of apprehension from the actual government that invited him. So is anything likely to come out of this trip that might be beneficial to the United Kingdom?","Well, if you talk to diplomats that - and their answer is that these state visits are hugely important. But in the background, there's a lot of sort of diplomatic nitty-gritty going on. There's a lot of business deals being made. And the hope is that this continues to cement that relationship, which we're told is greater than the sort of personal relationship currently in the heart of it."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : 'Flies ion the ointment\" is not literal. It just refers to something that makes a situation trickier; here it strains the relations between the two countries.","questions":"How does the turn \"flies in the ointment\" relate to the relationship between the two countries?","answer":"Issues"}
{"text":["The tragedy in Burma is it's just hard for us to comprehend. It is true that the current projections are that the numbers will rise significantly. I've heard numbers as high as 50,000 people being killed. So it's something that just automatically pulls at the heartstrings.","And you know, Farai, scientists have discovered that human beings are actually wired to be altruistic, so it's a part of our DNA. It's natural for us to want to give. We see a crisis, we want to give. And so I think it's really important to acknowledge that, and to really encourage people to give. It can. The giving, overwhelming giving for a major public emergency like this can have a negative impact on other parts of the world. We've seen it in the past.","For example, when the tsunami hit Asia, several years ago, where a quarter of a million people lost their lives, you saw relief and development organizations flooded with donations. OxFam UK, at a certain point, actually had to refuse donations because they no longer had the capacity to actually program funds. So what I would actually advocate for those that are really interested in making contributions, is to give responsibly. To really look at those organizations that you are interested in making a contribution to, and making your donation in flexible kinds of ways. . .","So, for general support as opposed to necessarily for one thing."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The tragedy in Burma is something that is difficult for us to fully understand emotionally.","questions":"What is something that pulls at the heartstrings?","answer":"Tragedy"}
{"text":["Yeah.","You look ahead, and what do you see?Just life is going to be a kind of process of trying to figure out how to live on very reduced circumstances.","Yeah. And my grandparents raised me, and they did live through the Depression. And I've kind of gone back more and more to how they coped. I remember my grandmother telling me how they had to eat the kids' pet chickens for dinner.","Cutting back to two meals a day, that's two things, dire circumstances and also an enormous amount of self discipline."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Life is going to be a challenge due to reduced circumstances.","questions":"How would you describe the circumstances mentioned in the turn?","answer":"Challenging"}
{"text":["We're going to begin this hour following two developing stories. Odessa, Texas, police officials say at least five people were killed and 21 others injured in a shooting spree. Three law enforcement officers were shot. And a person believed responsible was also shot and killed. We are going to continue to follow that story and provide updates as details are confirmed.","But now we're going to turn to the Bahamas, where they are bracing for Hurricane Dorian. The Category 4 storm is gaining strength and approaching Category 5 status. It's expected to make landfall on the northwestern part of the islands tomorrow, and some short-term models predict as much as 64 inches of rain could could fall over the Northern Bahamas once the storm stalls. Joining us from the Bahamas is Rick Lohr. He is the general manager of the Abaco Beach Resort. That's in Marsh Harbour on the island of Abaco, which is in the path of the storm.","Mr.  Lohr, thanks so much for joining us.","My pleasure.","Could you just tell us what the weather is like right now?"],"speaker":["B","B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The hurricane in the Bahamas is a developing story.","questions":"Which story is Rick Lohr discussing?","answer":"Hurricane-Dorian"}
{"text":["I think one of the reasons, Tony, that we're seeing so of many of these come to light has, really, nothing to do with the fact that people are being - that this is happening more often so much as it is the fact that people are just paying attention to it more. You know, you watch the news and somebody says, oh, there's a stolen car ring. Now, all of a sudden, everybody's watching for people breaking into cars. Well, people break into cars every day. But when you hear about it on the news, people start paying attention.","There have always been Ponzi schemes. This is not new. This has been going on forever. It has been happening to investors. It'll continue to go on, but we're just aware of because the Madoff scandal was so large and so visible.","You know, it's funny. I was listening to your description of the Ponzi scheme - as our time is running out - and I couldn't help but think that there must be somebody listening to your description who is saying, wow, the stimulus package, that sounds like a Ponzi scheme to me.","The government covering its own losses by printing more money back, which covers losses in which it prints more money. Hey, you know, you could make that - I'm not going to make that argument, but somebody might."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : News coverage can cause people to pay more attention to things that were happening anyway.","questions":"What is one reason why people are paying more attention to things now, according to PersonA in turn 0?","answer":"News."}
{"text":["Oprah can pass the mantle anytime and still be a billionaire.","Definitely.","And an entrepreneur, multimedia business owner. Nonetheless, if you are that good at something, it's got to sting a little bit, doesn't it?","See, I don't think it does. I think that Oprah is at a point in her career and in her life where she's done what she wants to do. I think that that's why she felt comfortable coming out for Obama, because I think she understood that that might affect her ratings. I think, she felt like, you know what?This - I've succeeded far beyond anybody's expectations, so now I can take a stand and take the hit, if there is one to come. So, I think she's fine with it. I think she is looking forward to her next, you know, sort of you know, plateau, on, like, where she goes from here."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Oprah can retire or step down from her current position or role as a successful entrepreneur and multimedia business owner, and still maintain her status as a billionaire.","questions":"Which word describes the status of Oprah's wealth if she decides to retire or step down from her current position as an entrepreneur and multimedia business owner?","answer":"Billionaire"}
{"text":["So, you know, is this going to be a situation where states line up basically to sue this lender, and what difference would that make in how this is unfolding?","I think it's going to play out in a number of a ways. Countrywide is - obviously they were the largest non-bank mortgage lender in the country. They were - just sold a few weeks ago to Bank of America for what amount - to pennies on a dollar but many many. Countrywide is by far - was by far the largest player in the subprime crisis in terms of a single mortgage lender. But they weren't the only one. The thing is that Countrywide has become a symbol for how bad this gotten many communities.","And I think if you see a challenge like the one here in Ohio or the one here in Florida proceed with favorable results, you will probably see many other states - especially those where minorities or women or the working class, working poor were hit hard by subprime mortgages - are going to start lining up, and attorneys general are going to be filing suit against Countrywide and many other countries like - companies like Countrywide.","Well, Keith, thanks again."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : suggests that other states will start to take legal action against Countrywide and other similar companies","questions":"Which company may face legal action from other states according to the implied meaning in the dialogue?","answer":"Countrywide"}
{"text":["We propose three national sales tax holiday periods in 2009. They would be 10-day periods, including two weekends, and they would occur in March, July, and October. During that time period, the federal government would reimburse the states for any sales tax holiday revenue lost because of these holiday periods.","And do you have a sense of how much money this plan could save consumers?","We estimated approximately $175 for the average family.","And as you mentioned, the way that this would work is that the federal government would reimburse states for any losses that they might incur without the taxes during these periods. But could that work?Where's the federal government going to get that money from when they're already handing out to so many other industries?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : to have a sense of something means do you understand something ","questions":"How did PersonB inquire about the potential savings for consumers in response to PersonA's proposal?","answer":"Ask"}
{"text":["It sounded great. It's actually pretty good.","Isn't it?","Oh, I kind of shocked myself here.","That's Brad Leone of Bon Appetit. You can watch his show \"It's Alive: Goin' Places. \"Look for it on Apple TV or wherever you stream your shows."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  In this context, \"shocked myself\" is not meant literally, but figuratively. It is meant to imply that the speaker was pleasantly surprised by their own work.","questions":"What was the PersonA's reaction to their own work?","answer":"Pleasantly"}
{"text":["So crack down on the doctors, but make sure there's a support system ready for their patients.","Absolutely. And the thing is - and this is so beautiful - is that when you get to watch lives change. For myself, you know, I used to get up every single morning thinking, you know, where am I going to get my pills?And that occupied my entire day. Now, keep in mind, I was a practicing physician. So I had some other things to do. And that's what people who are, you know, who are addicted are facing every single day.","And now, you know, providing them with quality help and watching them change their lives is one of the most fun things that I've ever been involved with. We need to make that opportunity more widespread. We need to decrease the stigma around stepping out and ask for help. And also, Sacha, we need to make evidence-based treatment available without the stigma that goes along with it.","That's Dr.  Steven Loyd. He's based in Nashville, Tenn. Thanks for talking with us."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"And now, you know, providing them with quality help and watching them change their lives is one of the most fun things that I've ever been involved with... we need to make evidence-based treatment available without the stigma that goes along with it.\"  The implied meaning of this turn is that providing quality help to people struggling with addiction and witnessing their transformations is incredibly rewarding. The speaker believes that access to evidence-based treatment should be expanded, and the stigma surrounding seeking help for addiction should be reduced.","questions":"What is the PersonA's opinion on the availability of evidence-based treatment for addiction?","answer":"Expanded"}
{"text":["Prime Minister Boris Johnson asked the queen to suspend Parliament - a very British coup, as many of his critics say, or a way to force Parliament to work out Brexit three years-plus after voters voted for him.","Or perhaps a device to get Parliament out of the way and allow Boris and the Brexiteers to finally leave the EU even without a deal. And the EU has said it is done negotiating. So this fall, Britain may leave the European Union and do it in the most disruptive and unpredictable way imaginable. So for the residents of Britain, this is rather like watching a hurricane bear down on them, feeling helpless to stop it and unable to escape.","The romance between the president and Fox News seemed to have everything going for it. What happened?","(Laughter) It does seem to have cooled. Weeks ago, the president started complaining about the opinion polls he saw on Fox News. They were showing his approval rating as low as most of the other media and academic polls. So he called that fake news."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The person thinks that the good feelings have lessened a bit.","questions":"How would you describe the person's perception of the current state of the romance between the president and Fox news?","answer":"Lessened"}
{"text":["I'm Tony Cox, and this is NEWS AND NOTES. On today's Africa update, is Somalia the forgotten crisis?Plus, Spain indicts 40 Rwandan military officers for genocide. And HIV positive men get arrested in Egypt. For more, we've got Bill Fletcher. He is a Senior Scholar with the Institute for Policy Studies and former president of TransAfrica Forum. Bill, nice to talk to you again.","I'm glad to be back.","Let's start with Somalia. United Nations Agency UNICEF says the lives of up to 15,000 children are at risk in Somalia unless emergency aid arrives in the next few weeks. It also says children in Somalia are more at risk than children anywhere else in the world. Now since fighting in the capital Mogadishu began nearly six months ago, thousands have fled the city and are living in refugee camps. They are facing starvation and disease. Question number one: Why does Somalia have such a pressing humanitarian crisis right now?","Well, as you know, Somalia has been in a state of almost constant turmoil since 1991 when Siad Barre was overthrown and a clan-based civil war unfolded. And the Somali state, there was no government. It basically collapsed and had been non existent basically until the union of Islamic Courts - an Islamist group - took over power years ago."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"Somalia has been in a state of almost constant turmoil\" is a figurative expression, as \"state of turmoil\" is a metaphorical way of describing the ongoing conflict and instability in Somalia. \"Collapsed and had been non-existent\" is also figurative language, as the country still existed physically but lacked a functioning government.","questions":"What is the metaphorical expression used to describe the ongoing conflict and instability in Somalia?","answer":"turmoil"}
{"text":["Dina, if this is ISIS, which it seems to be, this seems a real departure for a group - a large-scale terrorist attack against an international target. They've never done that before.","Right, I mean, when ISIS first began to rise, one of the things that counterterrorism officials were really worried about was that ISIS and al-Qaida would begin to compete for the world's attention and they would do that with spectacular attacks against the West. For months, U. S.  counterterrorism officials have said that al-Qaida was the biggest threat against the United States. I think that changed last night. Everyone I was talking to was convinced that the sophistication of the attacks that Eleanor was talking about - suicide belts, explosions, simultaneous targets - and the similarity to Mumbai clearly pointed to an al-Qaida-linked group. They didn't think ISIS had the organizational ability to pull off something like this. And now it seems they clearly do. And President Obama said yesterday that the ISIS threat was contained. This makes it seem that perhaps it isn't.","And I guess we should remind ourselves, just a few days ago ISIS was also linked to the downing of a Russian airliner near Sharm el-Sheikh.","Exactly. I mean, officials said they're 99. 9 percent sure that ISIS managed to put a bomb on that plane. U. S.  officials haven't been allowed to analyze the forensic evidence on the ground there. But they did have a satellite image of the plane that suggested, from the photograph of the image, a military-grade explosive brought it down. So again, that suggests things have really changed here.","Do you know where the investigation goes from here?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"a real departure\" - this phrase means that something is different from what is expected or what has been done before, rather than referring to a physical departure or leaving.","questions":"How does \"a real departure\" differ from a physical departure?","answer":"Meaning"}
{"text":["And based on your experience, Ms.  Rosenberg, how much do France and the U. K.  and Germany want to be different than U. S.  policy in this regard?","Right now is the period of true testing of exactly that question. How independent do they want their foreign policy to be, given that there's a long-standing, close relationship between trans-Atlantic security partners and significant collaboration and interconnectivity in the economic sphere?So on the one hand, Europe wants to adhere to its own principles on foreign policy and economic relations, which lead it to diverge from the United States in the matter of this Iran deal. On the other hand, that may mean risking quite a lot.","Elizabeth Rosenberg of the Center for a New American Security, thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Europe is facing a difficult choice between adhering to its own principles and risking significant consequences or aligning with the US on the matter of the Iran deal.","questions":"What is the dilemma faced by Europe regarding the Iran deal?","answer":"Dilemma"}
{"text":["Yeah, yeah. yeah.","So. . .","You know, you had - your career - I mean, you've done a lot of things - you've been a model; you've been a teacher, as we said - but getting your record career going was a little bumpy.","Very bumpy. And I was a musician first. I did all the other stuff to try to fund my music career, and yeah, it took a long time. It took about seven years to get my deal off the ground for a variety of reasons. The music industry is in flux. I mean, we'd have deals on the table; they'd fall through. And in that time, we just kind of kept moving forward, which you have to do. So. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Even though they faced many obstacles in their music career, they persevered and continued to move forward.","questions":"What did they do despite the obstacles they faced in their music career?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["So, maybe they're taking a loss on the turkey, but the consumer comes in and buys cranberries, buys potatoes, buys a turkey baster, all of these other things.","Prices for avocados drop right before the Super Bowl, too, when a lot of guacamole gets made. But Valentine's Day bucks that price drop trend. Roses are popular for that holiday, and it turns out that roses are fussier than turkeys, which, after all, can be frozen. In economist-speak, roses are supply inelastic.","They all have to be harvested within a very short period of time. They have to be packed and sorted and shipped around the country.","But turkeys can be thrown into a freezer months ahead of time. So, if you're already thinking about what to get for a special someone next February 14th, here's an idea in economic verse. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) where the phrase \"here's an idea in economic verse\" implies that the following suggestion will be presented in a poetic or creative way, even though the literal meaning of the phrase refers to a specific type of writing.","questions":"How does the phrase \"here's an idea in economic verse\" add creativity to the suggestion?","answer":"creativity"}
{"text":["Mm-hmm. This is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR, talking with Jennifer Linder. You say it's UVA and UVB, make sure you have that in the sun - both - protection from both kinds of ultraviolet.","That is correct. It's actually probably the most important thing for people to remember because you want to have broad-spectrum covered. The reason is you can think of the UVB rays as being the burning rays, and you can think of the UVA rays as being the aging rays, and that's because the UVB rays go into the epidermis, which is where the nucleus is for the keratinocytes, the ones that when the DNA is changed, actually it turns into skin cancer, versus the UVA rays are longer wavelengths. And they actually go - capable of going into the deeper dermis, which is where the collagen is. And when you break down collagen, that's how you age, and probably about 80 to 90 percent of aging is actually a result of sun exposure.","What about the SPF factor?Does SPF 30 protect you twice as much as, say, SPF 15 and half as much as 60?","Great question. So it's - actually the way that the studies are done it's a little bit confusing because an SPF of 15 protects you from 93 percent of UVB rays, and it's only UVBs that SPF actually tells you about. Now, an SPF of 30 is going to protect you from 97 percent of those UVB rays. And when you get up to 50, you're only protecting yourself from 98 percent. So you can notice it's partial percentage points differences. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : SPF is not directly proportional to the level of protection.","questions":"Which factor is not directly proportional to the level of protection?","answer":"SPF"}
{"text":["\"The Burning Girl\" is the latest novel from Claire Messud, author of \"The Emperor's Children\" and other acclaimed novels. She's also taught creative writing and special programs at many colleges and joins us from New York. Thanks so much for being with us.","Thanks, Scott, for having me.","What's the special intensity of being BFFs as youngsters?","(Laughter) You know, I think it's an almost ineffable experience. And maybe that's why I wanted to try to write about it. When you're a kid, and someone is your best friend, you almost don't need words. It's almost like puppies in a - frolicking in a garden or something. You don't articulate stuff. You just live it. And one of the things I fear that happens is you get - move into adolescence is a sort of self-consciousness and self-awareness that makes that unthinking intimacy less possible."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  (3) What's the special intensity of being BFFs as youngsters?","questions":"How does the speaker describe the relationship between best friends in childhood?","answer":"Ineffable"}
{"text":["Well, her name is Vivian Schiller, as you said. She's currently at thenewyorktimes. com. She runs that website. From my standpoint, it seems like a very impressive pick.","In her career, she's not only led the New York Times, she led Discovery Times Channel on cable, which was a joint venture. It did not play out, but it was very well thought of in terms of the journalism it did, and it sort of allowed the Times to experiment with operation in this multimedia world.","And before that, she was senior vice president, actually, at CNN, where she oversaw their long-form broadcasting, particularly the documentary work. Somebody who's a business manager, clearly, and yet very much steeped in the world of journalism and in the world of new journalism.","And it is a very quickly changing world, isn't it?First of all, there is a lot less money out there now than there was a year ago, right?With advertising falling. . ."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Vivian Schiller's experience in multimedia journalism makes her a great pick.","questions":"What is one of Vivian Schiller's strengths?","answer":"Multimedia"}
{"text":["This is Day to Day from NPR News. I'm Alex Cohen. Today, federal marshals continued their search for a 38-year-old man from Indiana. They believe Marcus Schrenker faked a distress call while flying his single engine plane over Alabama shortly before he parachuted out of it. The plane later crashed in a swamp 200 miles away in Florida.","Schrenker is an investment manager, and it appears he was in some financial difficulty. With more now, we're joined by business reporter Jeff Swiatek, who joins us from the newsroom of the Indianapolis Star. Jeff, welcome to the program. And could you tell us why federal marshals are assuming this distress call was fake?","Well, I guess all the evidence seems to point that way. His distress call mentioned an imploded windscreen on his airplane. When they scrambled some military jets to check out the plane, the windshield was still intact, and the wreckage on the ground also indicates the windshield is intact.","So Schrenker parachutes out of this plane. Do they know where he went after that?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Schrenker's distress call was fabricated and he left the plane intentionally","questions":"Which call by Schrenker was fake?","answer":"Distress"}
{"text":["I'll say.","Dissection, anger, back and forth, denunciation by both major party presidential campaigns. Do you think that this cover crossed the line of propriety?","Of propriety?Perhaps. But what it - I think it did so for an urgent and good cause, which is to blow this stupid calumny about Obama away, once and for all. It travels as the subtext through all this polite conversation. I just saw some NBC report that was quoting a Newsweek poll saying 50 percent of Americans believe that Obama is or was a Muslim, or was signed - sworn in on the Koran to the Senate seat, and so on. It's madness. And I - it seems to me that showing the fevered image directly will be a possible way of looking at and dissipating that image.","I think as a result it's a fairly brave thing to do, in which the New Yorker's fulfilling its function at its best, which is to make people think and talk. And the New Yorker helped that discussion happen. And it's one of the times where I feel, hats off, New Yorker!They got it right, you know. This is not something that goes away by saying, but it's not seemly to discuss this.","But there are some people who are always going to read this un-ironically and say, well, yeah, he is a Muslim despite, you know."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The cover of the New Yorker magazine may have gone too far in terms of propriety but it served a good purpose in debunking the false claim that Obama is a Muslim.","questions":"How did the New Yorker's cover serve a good purpose?","answer":"Debunking"}
{"text":["So, we just heard Bill say, essentially, yes, this is a huge incident, but it doesn't compare with some of the other social issues. Do you think that there's two much focus on this?","No, I don't think that at all. I don't think it's an either or type of equation. Because in essence it's not that the outrage against this diminishes the outrage against rape or HIV or AIDS or any of those other things.","In fact, I would say that there, these things you know, rather than those the reaction against, to those things, being disparate, in essence what people are reacting to is a culture and, in essence, a series of events that have at their root a basic disrespect for black life, especially black female life.","So, you can't really separate something like rape, the AIDS crisis which disproportionately affects women, and this type of incident where the targets were, you know, poor black women. At their root is essentially the fact that they are continuing to be so devalued."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : It implies that issue of rape and AIDS are interconnected and cannot be viewed in isolation from one another.","questions":"Which incidents are viewed as having a basic disrespect for black female life?","answer":"Stimulus"}
{"text":["I'm not sure. I think, certainly, if the other leading candidate in the Democratic primary, Hillary Clinton, had won, she would also be generating a lot of interest. I think it's, at the end of a two-term presidency, you always get an upsurge anyway. But I think you're right. There's no doubt about it. These are historic elections. And for the same reasons that the American public have gotten so engaged in them, probably some of the same reasons are affecting foreign publics.","You know, there have been a lot of memorable phrases that have come out during this election. Maverick is one word that we've heard a lot, and what about lipstick on a pig?How do you explain that phrase, which seems particularly American, or lipstick on a pitbull?","What is fascinating is that, both those terms that you brought up, I know of cases where people here that work with me with journalists on a day to day basis have been asked to help. One was working with German press and the term Maverick and how could they, you know, where does that come from and so on. And we actually have a researcher that works here and can go back and find, you know, the roots of these different phrases. Even - I speak Spanish pretty well, and even lipstick on a pig, I wouldn't even try.","So, I don't know how they go about trying to kind of - I think they go through a longer two-paragraph explanation."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The phrases 'Maverick' and 'lipstick on a pig' are peculiar American expressions that non-Americans may not understand.","questions":"What are the two American expressions that non-Americans may not understand?","answer":"Maverick,Lipstick"}
{"text":[". . . Battles. Yes. It was bloody, but it was also joyous because we're - all three of us - just super fans of Nancy Hale's.","I mean, people always ask fiction writers - as you would know better than anyone - how much of your writing, how much of your protagonist is you. And writers always say, it's fiction. You know, I made it all up. But you write that with Hale, it's - it actually really matters to know what her life story was when you're reading these stories.","You know, every story that a fiction writer writes has something of them in them. And I had to go through her story and sort of understand where they came from in her life. She wrote so close to the bone to her own life in many ways, and you can see herself in her characters in these stories - in a lot of them.","All right. So let's get to some of the stuff she writes about because she writes about things that are uncomfortable to discuss today in 2019 - must have been incredibly edgy at the time she was writing some of these. She writes about mothers feeling ambivalent about their children. She writes about how oppressive marriage can be. She writes beautifully about female desire. I actually wanted to let you read a little bit from one of her stories, titled \"Midsummer. \""],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : She wrote very close to what happened in her own life.","questions":"What did the protagonist of Hale's stories mirror?","answer":"Herself"}
{"text":["So, John, if Lehman's problems spread to other banks, who's next?","Well, a first concern would be Washington Mutual. It's a big mortgage lender. It's under some severe stress right now. Its stock is down today. You have to look at other banks and investment houses with problem loans on their books, like Merrill Lynch, Morgan Stanley, Citibank won't be immune. You know, all these banks are interconnected now, with lots of shared debts and investments that are losing value. This crisis has pretty much changed the business model for big banks, who used to earn profits by investing in loans and mortgages that had been repackaged to essentially spread the risk to everybody.","Many of those investments have now gone south, and the banks are going to have to come up with a new system for raising the capital to lend to borrowers. The thing to watch for now is how the rating agencies, like Standard & Poor's and Fitch, put a value on these banks' futures. As the ratings on banks go down, it becomes more expensive for the banks to borrow the money that they need to cover the bad loans because investors lose confidence, and they want a higher return to fork over their money. And it's that lack of confidence that the government and the industry are fighting in this credit crunch.","Thanks, John. That's John Dimsdale of public radio's daily business show, Marketplace."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The rating agencies play an important role in the banks' ability to borrow money.","questions":"Which agencies impact bank borrowing?","answer":"Rating."}
{"text":["No. There's no sort of smoking gun theory about that. So our philosophy is anytime you can get your hands on some antimatter, you should take a really careful look. And the best way to do that is with atomic physics techniques to look at the spectrum of antihydrogen. What kind of light does it like to absorb and emit?Is that the same color of light that hydrogen absorbs and emits?","So also in the meantime, we've built a new machine we call ALPHA-2, which is improved and upgraded, that will allow us to actually shine laser light on trapped antihydrogen. So when we come back online in 2014, we have a brand-new machine. We'll have some lasers to shine on it, and it's a really very exciting time for us.","Can you keep it trapped for longer than 16 minutes?","You know, it's not really worth looking because it's long enough. We showed with the microwave experiment that that was long enough. I have to tell you, it's an incredibly boring experiment to do. You know, you trap your antihydrogen. You wait for 16 minutes and you release it. You know, go have a coffee or something while you're - it just doesn't tell you anything more that we really need to know right now."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The development of ALPHA-2 is a significant improvement","questions":"Which machine was built and upgraded for shining laser light on trapped antihydrogen?","answer":"ALPHA-2"}
{"text":["The real problem is not Donald Trump - seven and a half years of Barack Obama and his agenda. Clear thinking people - and I'm talking about people who are in the middle, not people that are really burrowed in and would never, ever be a Democrat or never ever be a Republican - are looking at it and they're saying, is my life better?Is our country stronger?Do we have a strong standing in the world?Is this economy recovering?Is it a dynamic and robust economy?","Because we know without a dynamic and robust economy, all the other talk is just talk. We've got to have people back to work. We've got to have people looking forward to getting up in the morning and going to work. We got to have people that feel that America really is the leader of the world.","And I just am saying to my Republican friends, look, I get it. I understand that there's certain things that he's said that really you can't ever look that way, but take a look. We're still months away from the election.","Mr.  Kelly, if you were advising Donald Trump - and, you know, he might hear this - is there some magic sentence that he could come up with that would - that would help heal things over?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) Implied meaning: Mr. Kelly is suggesting to his Republican friends to give Donald Trump a chance and to wait and see what happens before making a judgement.","questions":"Which person is Mr. Kelly suggesting his Republican friends to give a chance?","answer":"DonaldTrump"}
{"text":["You know, it hurts them both because many of the voters just don't understand how this can be happening. They know the president wants it. They know the Senate majority wants it or says it wants it. But the Senate just can't muster even half its votes to do it, and they can't bring all the Republicans to bear on it. So something is not right. Either the mojo of the president isn't working or the mechanism of the Senate is not working, and to some degree, both are true.","Is there any reason why Democrats now might want to sign on to any kind of bipartisan health care effort when their own plan has been saved?","Yes, absolutely. The Democrats need to go forward with some kind of bipartisan solution because there are many real problems with the execution and the administration of Obamacare. Now, Patty Murray, the senator from Washington state, has been working with Tennessee's Lamar Alexander in the Senate. And he's a Republican. He's the chairman of one of the committees that's relevant here.","And, of course, a lot of the Democrats are aware of these shortfalls. And there are counties with only one insurance company and counties where it's not clear there are going to be any insurance companies. And some of that's been overblown, but there are real problems. And, of course, any bill, any large program, any law needs to be revisited and amended, and the parties need to get together to do that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The implied meaning of this turn is that Democrats might not be interested in a bipartisan effort since their own plan has been successful.","questions":"What is the reason Democrats might want to sign on to a bipartisan health care effort?","answer":"Incentive"}
{"text":["You've been working, as we mentioned, on the Voyager mission since its genesis. What has kept you with this program all that time?","Voyager - well, Voyager is science. Science is about discovering things, about understanding what's around - what our neighborhood is like, what the universe is like. So as a scientist, this has been a wonderful journey because, especially during the encounters with the giant planets, every day there were a flood of discoveries. Next day - more discoveries. So as a scientist, this has been an incredibly wonderful mission to have been on. And even today at great distances, Voyager is still doing things no spacecraft has done before and still presenting us with puzzles that we are trying to sort through.","They are still on a voyage. Where are they now?","Well, this was a mission - we had a four-year mission to Jupiter and Saturn. We had two spacecrafts so that we would have a high probability of at least one succeeding on its four-year journey to Saturn and, of course, both have succeeded and exceeded by a great amount."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"They are still on a voyage.\" - actual meaning: Voyager spacecrafts are still traveling through space, exploring and sending back data.","questions":"Which spacecraft is still exploring and sending back data?","answer":"Voyager"}
{"text":["Good morning.","Good morning.","Thank you for having me.","Do you still feel a wall wouldn't be effective?","Absolutely. No. I mean, again - and I've said this before - a wall is definitely not going to be statistically significant. And the current existing wall, in fact, has had many issues. In reference to breaching the wall, I know some of the reports out had, existing walls have been breached thousands of times. And again, going back to the price tag that is going to cost the American taxpayer - it's just an incredible amount of money that's just going to be wasted."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : A wall is not a good solution for border security and would waste taxpayers' money.","questions":"How did PersonA describe the effectiveness of a wall for border security?","answer":"Good"}
{"text":["Yeah, a little bit. But, you know, he's not read em(ph) and freak brothers.","That would be a whole different story. That would say something different about his personality, I think.","Something a little more disturbing, I would say.","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"read em\" could imply reading the comic book series \"The Fabulous Furry Freak Brothers\", but it's possible that the speaker means something else depending on the context of the conversation.","questions":"Which comic book series?","answer":"Freak-Brothers"}
{"text":["No. And this is just a temporary fix. We're now about to put in some type of permanent action to help them further.","Boy, you know, I know it went viral and there are a lot of people to thank, but I can't get over the fact that it began with you. And there are just so many of us who say, oh, that's terrible. Someone should do something. You decided to make yourself that someone.","Yeah. I mean, there was a lot of people pulling up, dropping off food, blankets, and that's fine. Well, below zero, the food was getting cold as soon as someone set it out there.","Yeah. Well, sounds like you've changed their lives and they've changed yours."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It is being implied that setting out the food was a temporary fix.","questions":"How was the food getting affected in the below zero weather?","answer":"Cold"}
{"text":["Well, I think - you know, I think there's always a push and pull between the White House and the State Department. But this was a little bit different because I certainly had not seen situations in which State - because it was being so very gutted and because we didn't have many senior officials - was getting left out of so much that was being attempted.","Have you seen a shift within the State Department since Mike Pompeo has come onboard?Obviously, Rex Tillerson oversaw a reduction of staff. We saw 60 percent of high-level, career State Department diplomats leave the service, you among them. Has that trend reversed itself under Mike Pompeo?","There are very encouraging signs in terms of Secretary Pompeo's attention to management issues, lifting hiring freezes, trying to move forward. Those are relatively narrow in scope of what he's trying to do right now. And I think in terms of policy changes, it's impossible to tell whether those will make a difference in terms of either retention of people or attraction of new people, et cetera. So my view right now is, you know, sort of we'll see. But it is always better for the State Department to have in place a secretary who has the president's ear and has a good relationship with him. So in that respect, I think most State Department officials are pleased. But it's early days yet.","That was Roberta Jacobson, the former U. S.  ambassador to Mexico. We'll be taking WEEKEND EDITION to Mexico this coming week, where we'll get the view from our neighbor to the south ahead of their pivotal elections. That's a week from today."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The state department was loosing a great many employees.","questions":"Which former U.S. ambassador to Mexico discussed the State Department's loss of employees in the dialogue?","answer":"RobertaJacobson"}
{"text":["Thank you.","So boys are broken. What did you mean by that?","I want to clarify that I am not an expert in gender studies. I'm not an expert really in anything, other than maybe '80s music. And so my thoughts are reflective on my experiences and the experiences of people around me and my observations after living 46 years as a dude. What do I mean by boys are broken?I think it means that there is something going on with American men that is giving them the permission and space to commit violence. And one of the main things we focus on correctly is guns and mental health, but I think deeper than that is a problem, a crisis in masculinity.","You wrote in this that the last 50 years redefined womanhood. Women were taught that they can be anything. No commensurate movement for men, who are still generally locked to the same rigid, outdated model of masculinity. And it's killing us. When you say that there's this rigid masculinity, what do you mean by that - that men aren't able to express themselves?","Partially, yeah. I also think that masculinity doesn't have a language in the way that femininity has come to have a language. We understand that femininity can be much more broadly encompassing than masculinity now. When you think of a strong woman, that doesn't rob her of any of her femininity. But when you think of a fragile man, that has the effect culturally, I think, of neutering that guy. And so much of masculinity is rooted in sexuality."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : Masculinity doesn't have a language and is much more rooted in sexuality compared to femininity.","questions":"What is masculinity rooted in?","answer":"sexuality"}
{"text":["How embarrassing. How. . .","I love how you mention the head rag because it's like. . .","Exactly.","In my family, it was like - it's a disgrace to the race when you leave the house with your head rag."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The head rag is associated with negative stereotypes.","questions":"What is the negative association with the head rag?","answer":"Stereotypes"}
{"text":["Julie, you've been covering this area for a long time. What strikes you about this moment?I mean, is this as significant as it looks?","It's hard to tell. As I said, the AMA's been kind of everywhere on abortion issues. It looks like they're maybe coming out - finding this to be such a threat to the doctor-patient relationship that they're willing to take a leading role. It remains to be seen exactly where they will go from here.","That's Julie Rovner, chief Washington correspondent for Kaiser Health News.","Thanks for coming in."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The AMA has been inconsistent on abortion issues and it's uncertain where they stand now.","questions":"What has the AMPersonA's stance been on abortion issues?","answer":"Uncertain"}
{"text":["Controversies erupted around a condolence call made by President Trump to a grieving widow whose husband died in armed service to the United States. The president called Myeshia Johnson, widow of the late Sergeant La David Johnson who was one of four soldiers killed in an ambush this month in an operation in Niger. His body was found nearly a mile from the scene of the fight. And Sergeant Johnson is being laid to rest today. The call of the president to a widow seems to be remembered differently by everyone involved. We're joined now by Seth Moulton. He's a retired Marine Corps officer and a Democrat who represents northeast Massachusetts in Congress. Mr.  Moulton, thanks so much for being with us.","It's good to be here.","Representative Frederica Wilson of Florida said that the president upset a soldier's widow when he told her he knew what he signed up for. If I can follow this, she's been criticized by both the president and his chief of staff, General John Kelly - also a Gold Star father - for politicizing the issue, in their judgment. General Kelly said that phrase was one he suggested to the president because it had been said of Robert Kelly, the general's son, when he died.","Is it possible that everyone is just misunderstanding each other at a stressful time?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  The phrase \"he knew what he signed up for\" is being interpreted and remembered differently by different individuals involved in the situation. The actual meaning of the phrase may vary depending on the context and the perspective of the people involved.","questions":"How is the phrase \"he knew what he signed up for\" being remembered?","answer":"Differently"}
{"text":["The state has also promised that they will do spot checks after the storm to make sure that facilities that have gotten generators have those generators up and running. We've been told that the state has stockpiled additional generators in case some of those generators fail so that they have backups. And we're told that the Department of Health is also helping with that, too - the State Department of Health.","That was Miami Herald reporter Elizabeth Koh joining us from WFSU in Tallahassee, Fla.","Elizabeth, thanks so much for joining us, and thanks for your reporting.","Thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : joining us implies being part of an activity and not being to mix up","questions":"What is the implication of joining us in turn 2?","answer":"Participation"}
{"text":["Why?You know, if you've screw it up, what?You, like, lost 99 cents or $5?I mean, that's money. I'm not saying that that's not important, but God, when I use the cooking - when I lived in New York, it's like, if I screwed up, it was $30 down the drain.","Many of Christiane's recipes come from her own imagination. Others are adaptations from culinary classics like the \"Joy of Cooking\" and \"The Moosewood Cookbook. \"She says she realizes the low-budget nature of her book may not be appetizing to all palates. The 99-cent price tag does have a bit of a stigma.","I feel the same way sometimes. I'm a snob. I'll admit it. And so, you know, sometimes if I cook it, I'm like, oh, I'm pulling the ham out of the can. I don't know.","And maybe it's the ham, maybe it's not."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Using canned ham is not ideal or high quality.","questions":"Which ingredient may not be high quality according to the statement?","answer":"Cooking"}
{"text":["Were you surprised by these numbers?","Yeah, these numbers are pretty high, and it is surprising, and I think that on one hand they're sort of real because we've seen this change over the last two decades as the rates have slowly gone up, and on the other hand they're inflated a little bit, probably because of the way they were obtained.","These are - the CDC did a study, which is like polling data. They - it's called the National Representative randomized Cross-sectional Survey. And it's - this particular trial supposedly was done with land line and cell phone telephone surveys of all households who have children.","There was a similar study just published a couple weeks ago that was on autism, which showed the rate of autism was two percent of the population, which is also very high and was discussed just in the same way. But these are epidemiological survey data, and they're worth something. We have other data to show that the numbers are indeed going up."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : none","questions":"How was the rate of autism discussed?","answer":"High"}
{"text":["And you can do that just out of a gut feeling, or experience or cracking the file?Or how does that work?","Well, it uses statistics. You know, it's kind of a little bit like the whole money ball argument that we hear about baseball. But it goes through the file, and it looks, and it kind of sees that - you could say the noise in the image is not right, and often it's a little too random. It's almost a little bit too perfect, you might say.","And then the statistics comes out, and it says oh, well, you know, it gives you a number, and the number is over a threshold, and you say oh, that's an alarm bell, and I'll look at it.","It must be an interesting history to this whole steganography idea."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In turn 2, A is using the metaphor of \"money ball\" to refer to the use of statistics to determine if an image is a false one","questions":"Which sport is referenced in PersonA's explanation in turn 1?","answer":"Baseball"}
{"text":["Sure. Well, before she becomes a pirate, she tries shoplifting. And when Gwen is shoplifting, she imagines herself as named Octavia. She imagines herself to much more glamorous persons, so there's a little bit in this book that's here.","(Reading) She remembered what it was called - shoplifting - and pictured lifting the whole place, the aisles tilting and tumbling their baubles and trinkety treasures into her pockets. Pink razors for her burnt leg and then a keychain she thought Naomi would like. And when she realized she could steal for other people, it was an avalanche, a chew bone for Toby the II, more stuff for Naomi, a stuffed bear and a tiny license plate that said Naomi. Three flasks of perfume, curvy and shapey like internal organs in her pockets, and she was done with Mother's Day for ages.","Her father liked the electronic things, which were behind locked cabinets. But she grabbed a slick stereo magazine and managed to slip into one of her boots. It would be a way to warm him for taking the bus by herself. By now she was thirsty and rounded a corner to open a fridge and grab an iced tea in a bottle that felt so good in her hands. It was One Universe Green Tea, which the label said was good for the immune system and for Octavia's skin. No one had stopped her. No one had spoken to her. It was smooth sailing. All for one and one for all.","So is there a straight line from that to piracy or just adolescence?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"the aisles tilting and tumbling their baubles and trinkety treasures into her pockets\" - actual meaning: the author uses figurative language to describe her stealing items from the aisles, not that the aisles actually tilt and tumble into her pockets.","questions":"What is the author describing as tumbling into the protagonist's pockets?","answer":"Items"}
{"text":["Thank you. Great to be with you this morning.","Why do Republicans - who seem to believe gun laws would not reduce homicides because murders will still break the law to get guns - now seem to feel anyone's going to be deterred by a bump stock law?","Well, Scott, I think - well, we were all just horrified by the events of Las Vegas - I mean, so many killed and wounded. And you know, so of course our thoughts are with all of them and their families. But I think most of us are not only shocked by the event but shocked by the fact that somebody was able to convert, functionally, a lawful, legal firearm - or firearms into an illegal firearms, as far as I'm concerned.","I mean, automatic weapons in the United States have been banned for a very long time, as they should be. The fact that somebody can take a bump stock or some other type of device and functionally convert a semiautomatic into a fully automatic is more than concerning. And many of us believe that that must be outlawed. And. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : iteral meaning is different from its actual meaning. The actual meaning is asking for an explanation of why Republicans now feel a bump stock law is needed, while the literal meaning is asking why they seem to think gun laws wouldn't reduce homicides.","questions":"What is the actual reason behind the Republicans' support for a bump stock law?","answer":"Convert"}
{"text":["Absolutely. I played hockey starting when I was 3, 4 years old, loved to go see the Canucks here in my hometown and, you know, certainly not only saw a lot of fights but kind of internalized the message that they were inherently good and valuable to the game of hockey.","And what happened that changed your view of the fighting?","So I went to a junior hockey game here in Vancouver. And it was just a regular night out with the boys, Friday night, drinking some beers, sat down in my seventh row seat. And it was one of those games where the gloves beat the puck to the ice. So there's a fight before the game even starts. And the crowd rises up around me. There's this guttural thunder. You hear it. And usually I would have been right there kind of cheering it along or not really paying it much mind.","But for some reason in that moment, I really zoned in on the two players' faces, and in that moment realized they're just children, and had to ask myself in that moment, what are we doing?We're 10,000 adults in a big room cheering for two kids to pulverize each other's faces. And I looked at the program, indeed - 16 and 17 years old. I've never been able to look at fighting the same since. But it would be a lie to say that there aren't a lot of people who are hockey fans who sincerely love this practice and this tradition."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The person believed that fighting was good and valuable for hockey and normal.","questions":"Which sport did the person play starting when they were 3 or 4 years old?","answer":"good"}
{"text":["And I went and bought bread. I made a really good salsa and started selling tortas at a bus stop. Of course, everybody thought I was nuts. And my friends used to make a lot of fun of me - you know, no girl is going to like you because you sell food on the street. And I'd say, no, you're totally wrong. I said, I'm an entrepreneur (laughter). I have my own business.","Now he's executive chef and partner in the James Beard-nominated Taqueria del Sol, a counter-service chain in Georgia and Tennessee. In the kitchen of one of the Atlanta restaurants, he shows me how to make his turnip greens. It starts with a little butter and oil.","We're going to build the sauce for greens. And you want to saute your garlic, a few onions, your pepper. In this case, we use the chile de arbol.","The chile de arbol pepper brings some heat. It sautes with the onion and garlic until the peppers start to release their oils."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : People should pursue their dreams and not let negative opinions stop them from achieving success.","questions":"What did PersonA's friends think of his idea to sell tortas at a bus stop?","answer":"Ridiculous"}
{"text":["How does it manifest?","Well, it's strange. But I think I can see it in the eyes of people when they approach me. And a lot of mothers who have lost their children do approach me, and I can see it. I can feel it even before they reach me. And it's like it's a secret society that nobody wants to be a part of, but we offer one another comfort because we know the pain that we still feel.","So more conversations like this, more personal revelations, more scrutiny, more campaigning, having to defend your husband's record, the anxiety of a potential loss after giving so much - are you really ready to do this again (laughter)?","I am ready. I am ready. I wouldn't have done it. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Mothers who have lost their children recognize and approach each other for comfort.","questions":"Which group of people does PersonA mention recognizing each other for comfort?","answer":"Mothers"}
{"text":["Does this raise the hopes that, you know, you might be finding more exoplanets that are more like Earth because there seemed to be a little period going through here with astronomers that they were saying it may be a little more difficult than we expected, or there may not be as many in that sweet spot as expected?","Yeah, I think the arc of discovery is showing us that there's actually a lot more than anyone would have hoped. And finding them this close and this soon and this easily, as we improve our techniques, is telling us that virtually every star has planets, and a lot of systems probably have planets similar to the kind we're seeing here.","And so yeah, that greatly raises the ante in terms of the likelihood that there are similar Earths out there around stars. There's more planets in the sky now than there are stars.","A couple of questions: Does a planet have to be like, quote-unquote, \"like Earth\" for it to be habitable?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It's likely there are similar Earths out there","questions":"Which astronomical discovery raises the ante for the likelihood of similar planets to Earth?","answer":"Discovery"}
{"text":["Hi, Deb.","Hi there.","So you arrived in the country just after this massacre. Why did the Chinese government allow foreign journalists in?","We were so surprised about how easy it was. And it was no secret about who we were. When we arrived, the luggage carousel was filled with television cameras. And, you know, I was no China expert, but I had plenty of experience with autocratic governments. I was covering the Middle East at the time, so I'd been in Iraq. And I'd been in Syria. And I knew how these governments operate, so I figured that the Chinese authorities wanted to show that things were back to normal. And they wanted Western journalists to deliver that message. But when we got there, there was nothing that was back to normal.","Explain. What did you see?What was the atmosphere like?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"covering the Middle East\" implies assigned to the Middle East for journalistic duties.","questions":"How was PersonA's work assignment in the region?","answer":"Middle"}
{"text":["I'm Farai Chideya, and this is News and Notes. Illinois Senator Barack Obama declared he was running for president back in February of 2007. Back then, he was the dark horse, long-shot candidate. Some people looked at him, and talked only about race. Other voters and pundits seem to try to avoid the topic.","Now, the economy is in meltdown, and much of the political debate has turned to mortgages and finance. But race is still there say the polls, and author and commentator Tim Wise says so as well. Wise is an anti-racism activist whose latest book is called \"Speaking Treason Fluently: Anti-Racist Reflections From an Angry White Male. \"Welcome to News and Notes.","Thanks.","So, your latest essay is called, \"This Is Your Nation on White Privilege. \""],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : dark horse, long shot implies that he was not expected to win","questions":"Which term describes Obama's chances of winning the presidency?","answer":"Unlikely"}
{"text":["Well, he's a remarkable individual. He has transformed Indian politics. He has led his party from a very low level in parliament to an enormous majority. He has a party that is the largest single party in the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Indian Parliament. He is seen as a transformative figure. He's also seen as a divisive figure because of his past, but he has promised - and some of the early indications are - that he's not allowing that extreme element within his party a powerful say in government.","You have come out with a study at the Atlantic Council that demonstrates some of the economic costs of the arms race, which includes not just the cost of the arms and the cost of maintaining the vast military structures, but the deficits that have been created - lost opportunities for tourism and other industries. Try and sketch that out for us, if you could.","Yes, the current trade is only $2 billion. Economics 101 dictates that you trade with your neighbors. It makes no sense for them to have trade with distant countries. But, if they were to go back to the level of trade that they had at the time of independence in 1947, you could have between $40 and $100 billion worth of trade between the two countries. And more important - if they open their borders to each other, you would have tourism trade. You would have religious tourism from both sides and you would have trade with Central Asia through Afghanistan.","And if India is going to become the major power that it wants to be in the region and on the global stage, it will need every ounce of energy."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"it will need every ounce of energy\" - The literal meaning is that India will need every unit of energy. The actual meaning is that India will need to put in a lot of effort to become a major power in the region and on the global stage.","questions":"How would you describe India's effort to become a major power in the region and on the global stage?","answer":"Effort"}
{"text":["That's even better than the Dwight Clark catch in the - with San Francisco 49ers.","Yeah. Yeah. Oh, yeah. Absolutely. I mean, you know, last year you had, you know, (unintelligible) catching, you had the miracle catch you know by a throw. . .","By David Tyree. But that was kind of a weird that was - the helmet catch, you're talking about.","The helmet catch (laughing). But this was just - I mean, it was perfect, Tony. It was perfect form, the toes and - had it been a millisecond higher, he wouldn't have been able to get anything down. I just think that from Roswell Berger's(ph) throw and hosing the ball, the extra tenth of a second, it - right now that's the most perfect ending play in Super Bowl history."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The catch was great, but this moment was even better.","questions":"Which catch was compared to the Dwight Clark catch?","answer":"Miracle"}
{"text":["I would never have imagined an Ebola epidemic going at this pace because all the prior epidemics - some 20 outbreaks since 1976 - have occurred in isolated, rural areas and been primarily a handful of family members co-infected coming into a medical facility, and then the medical facility itself became the amplifier of the infection.","But this one has broken all the rules. So for the first time, we really see classic, urban, person-to-person spread in Monrovia, in Freetown and in Conakry. It has also crossed borders. So we have three countries with three different sets of policies and skills levels. And it also hit countries that had been through two of the most brutal civil wars in modern history, civil wars that pitted clan against clan, village against the village so that as this began to unfold, it unfolded in an atmosphere of deeply embedded distrust to give us the worst Ebola epidemic in history.","Laurie, what about those people that think that this might be tragic, but it's on the other side of the world, got nothing to do with us?","I don't think there's many serious voices saying that sort of thing anymore. This week, when the Security Council convened and voted on a resolution related to the Ebola epidemic, it was cosigned by 130 other nations making it the most strongly-supported resolution in the history of the United Nations. One key element of that resolution is declaring that Ebola now represents a national security threat for every nation on Earth."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In (2), the speaker is responding to the idea that the Ebola epidemic is not relevant to people who are not directly affected by it. The speaker notes that the epidemic has spread to multiple countries with different policies and levels of expertise, and that the affected countries have a history of deep-seated distrust and conflict. The implied meaning is that the Ebola epidemic is a global issue that affects everyone, not just those who are directly impacted.","questions":"How does the speaker in (2) respond to the idea that the Ebola epidemic is not relevant to people who are not directly affected by it? (Answer: Impossible to answer with one word without viewing the statement)","answer":"Global"}
{"text":["So for a couple years now, Topps has had an app - say it ain't so - for baseball card-collecting and trading cards. These are virtual cards, not the cardboard ones that come with a stick of gum. I mean, it's called a Bunt, and you've tried it out. Tell us what you think.","Oh, it does - I should point out the packs do come with a stick of gum. It's just a virtual stick of gum.","Don't try to chew that gum.","No, that's what I was (laughter) - the whole thing is basically just an exercise in using your imagination, if you're old enough that you need to imagine for this stuff. If you're 13 to 25, which is, like - 80 percent of the Bunt users are - then I don't imagine there's anything weird about a piece of virtual gum showing up on your phone, exploding and then turning into baseball cards.","Well, it's been around for a while. I mean, can Topps call Bunt a success?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : \"can Topps call Bunt a success?\" has a figurative meaning. It is asking whether the app has been successful in terms of popularity and user engagement, rather than whether it literally has the legal right to be called a \"success\".","questions":"What is the figurative meaning of the question \"can Topps call Bunt a success?\"","answer":"Popularity"}
{"text":["Aw. We mentioned that you worked for President George W.  Bush, who advised John McCain. In your circle of friends, people there at the Hoover Institution - without violating any any confidences - your friends and colleagues - is your opinion widely held or are people who ordinarily would support the Republican candidate talking about voting for Hillary Clinton?","I think this is a real time of crisis for Republicans. It's hard for many of my friends to think about supporting Donald Trump. And it's very hard for many of my friends to think about supporting Hillary Clinton. In fact, I would have indulged the luxury of writing in one of my terrific nephews for president if I hadn't seen that the polls during the British referendum were off by 12 points. And my concern that (inaudible) be accurate, and everybody's vote's actually going to count this election.","Kori Schake is a research fellow at the Hoover Institution. She joined us by Skype. Thanks very much.","You're welcome."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : People who usually would vote for the Republican candidate are considering voting for Hillary Clinton instead.","questions":"Which political candidate are some of PersonA's friends considering voting for instead of the Republican candidate?","answer":"Hillary-Clinton"}
{"text":["Yeah.","The Land O' Lakes butter box - there's a Native American on that. And an informal poll of people taken around here suggests a lot of people don't even see her.","Well, she's in your refrigerator. And God knows what she's doing at night. I never look closely at it myself. I do buy that brand. And when you look at it closely, what you see is she's kneeling. And she's holding the box that she's in. And so it recedes into infinity. In other words, you know, in that box, you see her again and again and again. So it's this amazing combination of American identity, a generic Indian with really brilliant graphic design that, you know, you don't really notice. But I really do think she's up to something at night in the refrigerator.","(Laughter) I'll check. Is it offensive?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Some people do not notice the Native American on the Land O' Lakes butter box.","questions":"How is the Native American depicted on the Land O' Lakes butter box?","answer":"Kneeling"}
{"text":["There are several photographs of Wolfert in the book wearing an apron. What's written on the apron is - keep calm and follow the recipe. Now, she is known for being able to remember recipes in great detail and tasting something and knowing what's in it. You make the recipes in the book very detailed with very clear instructions and accurate measurements - more detailed than her books were, as I recall. Why'd you do that?","Her cookbooks assume a high degree of cooking experience. Her biggest audience were professional chefs. And she basically wrote her books for them. I wanted to let anybody cook these. Obviously, couscous is one of the most difficult recipes in the book. We chose most of her most accessible recipes so that you could discover the wonderful flavors of pomegranate molasses or sumac. Or - we wanted everyone to be able to enjoy the incredible layered and truly unforgettable flavors of the best Paula Wolfert recipes.","Well, let's get back to our country and this weekend. This is the Thanksgiving holiday. So I'm going to ask you for a recommendation for a post-Thanksgiving antidote.","Absolutely. The cracked green olive relish, which is from southeastern Turkey, is a terrific palate cleanser. And it uses wonderful fall foods like pomegranate seeds. And you just want to be careful making it because you'll never want to stop making it. It's so good."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : An antidote is a cure for all disease which is funny that an antidote can make the fatigue from eating Thanksgiving disappear. ","questions":"What is the Thanksgiving dish recommended by \"A\" for post-Thanksgiving fatigue?","answer":"Cracked"}
{"text":["One morning in early December, 23-year-old Andrew Black of Vermont bought a gun. And a few hours later, he used that gun to kill himself. We first spoke to Andrew's mother, Alyssa Black, shortly after her son's death. She was calling for Vermont to pass legislation requiring a cooling-off period between when a person can walk into a gun store and walk out with a firearm.","A bill requiring a 24-hour waiting period moved to the top of the Vermont Senate's agenda earlier this year. It passed in both houses. And then last week, it was vetoed by Governor Phil Scott. Alyssa Black joins me now.","Welcome to WEEKEND EDITION.","Thank you for having me again.","Vermont would have been one of a handful of states to mandate time between buying a firearm and actually receiving the firearm. What was your reaction to Governor Scott's veto?"],"speaker":["B","B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The cooling off means to wait until a person calms down if they are upset.","questions":"How did Alyssa Black suggest to prevent impulsive gun purchases in Vermont?","answer":"Waiting"}
{"text":["What's a fuel hedge?Explain that.","A fuel hedge is basically a financial contract that you buy in the commodity market where you essentially pre-buying fuel. So Southwest CEO, Gary Kelly, back in 2003, as the U. S.  was preparing to go to war in Iraq, just decided that the war in the Middle East wasn't probably good for oil prices, and he went out and bought a lot of oil ahead of time. Pre-bought it, and that has paid off in billions of dollars of profits for the airline.","And this continues from 2003?Do they continue to buy fuel ahead?Because the price of oil over the last year, I mean, it keeps going up and up. At some point you would think they would say we're not going to buy anymore.","You know it's fascinating because a lot of people thought Southwest hedges would fade out. They did make that big bet when prices were in the 30's, but they kept buying and they have continued to buy. They have most of their oil bought for this year at about 57 dollars a barrel. If you don't have hedges, you're right now paying about 120 something dollars a barrel. And they've bought fuel all the way out to 2012 as of today."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Southwest CEO pre-bought fuel in anticipation of a potential increase in oil prices due to the US going to war in Iraq, which resulted in billions of dollars of profits for the airline","questions":"How did Southwest CEO's pre-buying of fuel benefit the airline?","answer":"Profits"}
{"text":["Hi.","What did the administration do first?","Right. OK. So it started last week. The Trump administration added Huawei to a short list that American companies cannot buy from or sell to. The ban affects very big players and also some pretty small ones. Take small mobile carriers - OK?- not your Verizons and T-Mobiles but, say, your rural carrier. They buy Huawei equipment because it's cheap. Now they'll have to change suppliers.","On the big end, let's take Google. Google and Huawei have licensing agreements. That's to put apps like Gmail, Maps and YouTube on Huawei phones. So now with the new ban, for any future phones, new licensing agreements are not allowed. The Google apps can't be included. So that'll curtail Google's presence in Europe, where Huawei phones are sold."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This implies a technological war between America and Huawei which is a Chinese Phone manufacturer.","questions":"Which company was added to a short list by the Trump administration that American companies cannot buy from or sell to?","answer":"Huawei"}
{"text":["Whichever direction the U. S.  is going, it's clearly not great news for the Europeans, who Iran is very close to their borders. It's just next door in the Middle East. And we've seen what happens in the Middle East doesn't tend to stay there and has direct consequences for the Europeans. So the Europeans have been trying to urge, sadly, unsuccessfully so far, for the U. S.  side to show a bit more pragmatism and realism about what it's expecting from Iran.","At the same time, you have said that Iran knows all the, quote, \"red buttons. \"Can you talk about what that means and how that can contribute to escalation?","Iran has essentially been living as a neighbor to the United States, if you think about it, for 20 years. Why?Since the invasion of Afghanistan and the invasion of Iraq, which are two big, bordering countries to Iran. . .","Where there is an American troop presence."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The situation with the US and Iran is concerning for Europeans","questions":"Which neighboring countries to Iran were invaded by the United States?","answer":"Afghanistan,Iraq"}
{"text":["(Reading from diary) Woke up not feeling well. I spent the entire day online on WebMD. I can say with a hundred percent certainty that I have pleurisy, tuberculosis, brainstem cancer or an enlarged prostate. I found a great cure for whatever ails you - a coffee enema. The only negative - I could never go back to Starbucks.","I can't read this. Joan Rivers' new book is called \"Diary of a Mad Diva. \"She joins us from New York. Thanks so much.","Oh, it makes me so happy when you laugh.","Well, it's funny. I have to ask you, do you have as much plastic surgery as you say you do or is it kind of like Dean Martin and his drinking?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) B's question about plastic surgery implies that B thinks the person being asked has had a lot of plastic surgery and may not be truthful about it, even though the literal meaning of the question is simply asking about the extent of the person's plastic surgery.","questions":"What does PersonB's question imply about the person being asked?","answer":"plastic-surgery"}
{"text":["Duane, why don't you describe to us some of the work that you did with actual cases when you were at the California Department of Justice?I mean, what was your job, literally and physically?","Literally, I went to the scene of the crime. I was often the one who collected all the evidence. I also did photography of the crime scene. I did not do fingerprints. There was usually a technician who did that. Back at the laboratory, I would take all that evidence that I collected and inventoried, and I would begin a systematic investigation of that.","As an example, one case in the middle of my career was a triple homicide, and it was a great case from the physical-evidence standpoint. There was bullets. There was blood. There was saliva on cigarette butts. There was hair. There was soil. And I got to basically do it all. And what was really interesting is I presented all these evidence to the jury, laid out a scenario for the crime.","And during the time I was testifying, the defendant called his girlfriend and confessed the crime to her, and then threatened her with death if she ever talked. Well, five minutes later, she called the DA and told the DA about the confession. And she came in to testify at that point, and what she testified to was basically what I had testified to from the physical-evidence standpoint."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The turn \"Literally, I went to the scene of the crime\" is meant to be taken at face value as a statement about the speaker physically going to the location where a crime was committed. There is no figurative or non-literal meaning to this turn.","questions":"What did the defendant do during the time when the witness was testifying?","answer":"Girlfriend"}
{"text":["Well, the call has gone out to our NPR listeners, who are either going to be repulsed or intrigued by what you're talking about here, Terry Lee.","Yeah.","That's toe master Terry Lee speaking with us from the Sourdough Saloon in Dawson City, Yukon. Terry, good luck. Thanks so much.","Thank you very much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) B: Well, the call has gone out to our NPR listeners, who are either going to be repulsed or intrigued by what you're talking about here, Terry Lee.","questions":"What are the potential reactions of NPR listeners to Terry Lee's topic?","answer":"Repulsed,intrigued"}
{"text":["Thank you.","Why do you think more teens are identifying as transgender or gender nonconforming?","Well, I think there's been a long history of advocacy and fighting for that visibility. And there's more media attention and celebrities coming out. That has increased visibility. And with more schools having more GSAs and clubs, it gives youth a chance to feel like they can talk about their gender exploration and live more like their authentic self.","To what extent do you see this study as a reflection of teens feeling more comfortable in diverse gender identities versus teens sort of experimenting with their identities and how they describe themselves?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B is asking A to distinguish between teens who experiment with gender identities and those who genuinely feel comfortable identifying outside of traditional gender roles.","questions":"How does PersonB want PersonA to differentiate between the two types of teens in terms of gender identity?","answer":"Differentiate"}
{"text":["Exactly, exactly.","How often does this happen?This is quite rare, is it not?","Yeah, we haven't had an annular eclipse in the United States since 1994, and this is part of what's called a sero-cycle(ph) that repeats itself every 18 years, 11 days and six hours - but who's counting that?But it repeats itself very precisely, and so we'll have another eclipse just like this 18 years, 11 days and six hours from now.","And in a couple of weeks, there's going to be another big sky show, right?The Transit of Venus. Tell us about that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : This is a rare event that happens every 18 years","questions":"Which cycle repeats itself every 18 years and 11 days?","answer":"Sero-cycle"}
{"text":["I don't want to give away how your story seems to resolve itself toward the end, but I think a lot of people would ask you why do you even talk to your mother now?Why do you care what she thinks?","Oh, my God. I love my mother to death, and I'm a writer and I'm a black, American writer, and I would not be a writer, a reader or teacher had my mother not loved me enough to instill a practice at an early age. And this book, in some way, is like her investment coming full circle. She really believes that reading and writing can save us. And I don't know if that's true, but I know I'm a writer. I know I'm an American reader, and I wanted to use my words to try to talk to her and try to tell her that we can be better. We can be better if we give ourselves a chance to walk honestly together. And that's what I tried to do with this book.","Kiese Laymon - his book, \"Heavy: An American Memoir\" - thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you so much for having me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : having me implies hosting me and having someone as a guest","questions":"How would you describe Kiese Laymon's relationship with his mother based on the dialogue?","answer":"Love"}
{"text":["Tell us a little bit about Steve Elkins.","Well, he's a filmmaker. He's an amazing person. He's one of these - he's a true adventurer. I guess he's sort of a kid who never grew up. I'm kind of like that too. I mean, I never stopped dreaming about finding lost cities and being the first one in Egyptian tombs and that sort of thing. And he's sort of like that. And he had fallen in love 20 years ago with this whole White City legend and had been trying to find a way into this valley where this JPL Scientist has been seeing something for 20 years.","And he organized an expedition. It was washed out by Hurricane Mitch. And then he heard about LIDAR, and he said, wow, this is the way to find stuff in the jungle. Instead of sliding on the ground, let's fly over this valley and see if there's anything in there. So he called me up and he said, hey, do you want to be part of this expedition?","And you, of course, agreed and ran down to Central America and ended up as, well, I guess, extra cargo in the back of a very rickety old plane."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : He is the sort of person that still acts like a kid even though he is an adult.","questions":"What characteristic does Steve Elkins possess?","answer":"Adventurer"}
{"text":["We were with addicts on the street as they were having encounters with law enforcement. We were in treatment centers with people trying to kick the addiction. There's this one phenomenal picture of five inmates. They're all pregnant and being let in to get their methadone and things like that. We were in in drug courts, where people were being dealt with by the criminal justice system.","I think one of the reasons that it's gotten so much attention is because of the spareness with which we report it. We just report anecdote after anecdote after anecdote after anecdote over seven days. And anybody who reads it cannot come away without understanding how deep and how pernicious and how totally involving of our society this epidemic is.","Are there things that happen in Cincinnati every day that people walk past that you wanted to use this opportunity to share with?","Well, yes, I mean, in the sense that we wanted people to understand that this is going on all around them. Heroin is not a demographic or racial or any socioeconomic status - however you want to put it - drug. Its terrible reach is universal."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The drug epidemic is pervasive and affects people from all walks of life.","questions":"What is the reach of heroin according to the speaker?","answer":"universal"}
{"text":["Thank you.","So what originally did the Consumer Product Safety Commission say was wrong with this stroller?","They were concerned about the front wheel of the stroller. It's a three-wheeled stroller, and they were concerned with the wheel falling off suddenly. It's attached to the stroller with a quick release, the same thing that attaches the wheels on bicycles. And so parents would be out running, jogging with their strollers, their kid in the middle. And the wheel would spontaneously fall off.","So the agency spent months investigating. And in 2017, they decided that Britax should recall the stroller, that it wasn't safe. And they even sued to try and force the company to recall the stroller. Tell us why that didn't happen."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Thank you\" is a polite expression of gratitude. Its meaning is literal and straightforward.","questions":"How did PersonA express their gratitude?","answer":"Thank"}
{"text":["Economics and public policy analysis, oddly enough.","What happens if you get sick?","Well, there's kind of the rub. That's the risk that you're taking, in that if something catastrophic or something major were happen, you know, I become a burden to the society around me because I wouldn't be able to afford it. At the same time, in some ways, I've already been a burden to society because, you know, I went to a state school in North Carolina. So my education was heavily subsidized by the taxpayers in that state.","So I have a responsibility now to produce more - whether it's economically or culturally - than I did before I earned those degrees. So I've got to weigh: Is the risk that I pose to society, if I get sick and I'm not insured, greater than the benefit that could happen if that $740 next year helps me jumpstart my career. And right now, I don't think that risk is greater than the potential benefit.","Boy, you were an economics major, weren't you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : The literal meaning of \"Boy, you were an economics major, weren't you?\" is asking whether or not the person studied economics as a major. However, the implied meaning is that the speaker is making a sarcastic comment about the person's discussion on weighing the risks and benefits of getting sick without insurance. The speaker is implying that the person's economic background is influencing their decision-making process.","questions":"What is the implied meaning of PersonB's statement in turn 4?","answer":"sarcastic"}
{"text":["Yeah. But you keep going and you keep going with the help of your friends and your family and something like songwriting, your art. It gives you purpose and meaning in life.","There must be moments there you say, well, let's hang it up?","You know, as we talked - as you mentioned grief as a companion, without putting it in a tidy box, grief also is a guide. And I think it helps you relearn how you are in the world. And, you know, that's just how you use the things that you have, at least that's how I have.","An organizing principle, in a way."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B has found purpose and meaning in life despite grief.","questions":"Which feeling has helped PersonB relearn how they are in the world?","answer":"Hair"}
{"text":["Yeah, and you love short stories, too. I love short stories, I appreciate that about you. You seem to be - enjoy writing short stories.","Yeah, they're tough as hell, and, you know, as a sort of a practice, people in the publishing world discourage them. They're like oh, don't do it. But I can't help but root for the underdog. As a form, you know, the short stories and the linked short story collections is an underdog, and people don't think of it as serious. So I don't mind wading in there. It feels like a really good battle.","Do you see yourself sort of at some point - you haven't really played that much with the novel form, but, you know, a lot of different writers are experimenting with the novel form, you know, Zadie Smith just did with her book, new book \"NW. \"Do you see yourself playing with that form?","Well, sure. I mean, again it's probably the arrogance, you know, the narcissistic arrogance of an artist, but I feel that so far I've written one book, one novel, and it's a very strange - at a formulistic level, I think it's - it took a lot of risks. Now will I keep doing that?Hard to say. It's like sort of saying will I continue to be X, Y or Z. You hope so. You hope so, but you never know."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Short stories are an underdog and not taken seriously","questions":"Which form does the publishing world discourage as a sort of practice?","answer":"Short-stories"}
{"text":["Absolutely. And I think, honestly, it would drive more people away from some of these systems except that, in a couple of these cities, a lot of the folks who ride the subway - that really is the only option. If you're in New York or even in parts of downtown Boston or parts of downtown Chicago, switching over to driving is extremely expensive.","And it also gets in the way of what's an important but also largely overlooked role of public transit in the United States, which is that it's an important social service. Particularly once you get outside of the New York cities and Bostons of the world, transit riders are disproportionately low-income. And this is a way that we move around people who can't afford the typical way of moving around for an American, which is owning a private automobile.","Yeah. Any one or two things you'd like to recommend, professor?","If we look to some other countries, you know - and London is a good example. London has been - has really been dramatically working to upgrade its own system, which is as old - actually, older than New York's. One thing London did that I think, ultimately, a lot of American cities are going to have to at least wrestle with is that they started charging drivers for the congestion they cause."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They  are implying cities need better public transit ","questions":"What is the reason for London's upgrade of its transit system?","answer":"old"}
{"text":["The stakes are high and many citizens have concerns about voter intimidation and fraud. For more we've got Violet Gonda. She is a Zimbabwean journalist with SW Radio Africa, an independent station which broadcasts from London into Zimbabwe. She is currently on a night fellowship at Stamford University. Violet, welcome.","Hi, Farai, and thank you for having me on the program.","Let's back up a little bit into the history of Zimbabwe. In 1980 it became one of the last African nations to shed its colonial government, and when Robert Mugabe came to power he was among other things open to white farmers and other whites staying in Zimbabwe. Over the years he redistributed the land and a lot of people see the current economic collapse as a result of this land ownership change. But what other factors played into Zimbabwe going from where it was in 1980 to where it is today?","When Mugabe authorized the violent takeover of land, he basically directly affected millions of people. And then also the other issue were Mugabe's economic policies. For example, a bloated or rather large government means that not only did the economy suffer when he took over the farms but we also had a government that was living far, far, far beyond, you know, its means. Also the economic policies churned out by the regime were not in the best interest of the majority of the people but the best interest of the ruling party."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : having me implies hosting someone or engaging with someone and not referring to owning someone ","questions":"Which verb describes the action PersonA is referring to when using the phrase \"took over\"?","answer":"Economy"}
{"text":["Well, they do. But what people don't always realize about the Affordable Care Act is it's not just a discrete program in and of itself. It changed other government programs, too, and that includes Medicare.","What was the biggest change for Medicare?","Well, the one that's gotten the most attention is the change to prescription drug coverage. You may have heard about something called the doughnut hole. That's where Medicare would get you a discount on prescriptions but only up to a point. After that, you had to pay full price for drugs until you shelled out around 1,300 bucks. Then Medicaid would help you out again.","Now, some people never really reached that point because when they had to pay full price, they just started skipping some of their prescription meds. So the Affordable Care Act has been phasing out this gap. It saved people on Medicare more than $23 billion. But this program could go away with the repeal of the law.","That could go away, and we should say, once again, that we don't know yet what any replacement will look like. What have you heard among the ideas being proposed that might affect older Americans?","Well, a few members of Congress, Republicans, have circulated their own proposals for replacing the Affordable Care Act. And one thing that comes up in some of them, including in House Speaker Paul Ryan's plan, is a major change to Medicaid. Now, that's known as the program that provides health care for the poor. But it's also the program that pays for long-term care for a lot of older people. In fact, Medicaid pays the bills for most nursing home residents."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"It saved people on Medicare more than $23 billion.\" This turn is not meant to be taken literally, as \"saving\" here means that the Affordable Care Act reduced the amount of money that people on Medicare had to pay for prescription drugs, rather than physically saving money.","questions":"Which term describes the meaning of \"saving\" in turn 3?","answer":"Reduction"}
{"text":["So, do think we will see these two again?Do you think Lisicki will get another chance?","Well, I think she will. I think she'll have other chances, and it was very, very sweet of Marion Bartoli to say that during the trophy presentation, that she had no doubt that Sabine Lisicki would be back. But once again, the one thing we know about sports is we don't know anything; is that you have no idea who's going to be back, and if you think that next year is your year, you just don't know. And, obviously, with the competition being what it is, let's - you think Serena Williams is sitting at home right now thinking, oh, well, I won't be back. Of course she'll be back. Maria Sharapova will be back. Victoria Azarenka will be back. There are a lot of great young players. Sloan Stephens, the American, will be a huge contender for championships to come.","So, that's the reason why so many professional athletes will tell you, when you're on stage, when it's your moment, you've got to take it because you don't know when that moment's coming again, if it ever does.","Now, the big moment has come for Andy Murray and, of course, the hopes of all Britain are riding on him. He plays Novak Djokovic. What do you think's going to happen?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  The actual meaning of this turn is that professional athletes should take advantage of the opportunities they have and make the most of them, because they may not get the same opportunity again.","questions":"How should professional athletes approach their opportunities?","answer":"Seize"}
{"text":["You've lived with HIV your entire conscious life - I mean, as I understand it, that you contracted HIV through blood transfusion when you were an infant in the early 1980s. So do you sense a change in how HIV has been viewed by the broader public and not just by the medical community?I mean, do you remember - I mean, I don't know that most of us kind of as kids think about becoming an organ donor, right?","(Laughter).","But do you remember feeling that the world of possibility has changed for you?","I do think in some places in America things definitely have changed with the science. In places, for example, where I live in the Deep South, there are a lot of long-held stigmatizing beliefs that people still have. And one of the reasons I did decide to go public as a resident of Atlanta was to really push people's perceptions into the 21st century because I couldn't think of any better way to show people that, you know, this isn't the 1980s anymore. You can live a long and healthy life living with HIV. People like me don't bring death, we can actually bring life."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : I couldn't think of any better way to show people that, you know, this isn't the 1980s anymore. You can live a long and healthy life living with HIV. People like me don't bring death, we can actually bring life.  The actual meaning of this turn goes beyond its literal meaning. While A is stating that HIV is no longer a death sentence and that people with HIV can live long, healthy lives, the turn also communicates A's desire to challenge stigmatizing beliefs about HIV and to educate people on the reality of living with HIV. The phrase \"People like me don't bring death, we can actually bring life\" is a powerful statement that challenges the notion that people with HIV are a danger to society.","questions":"What is PersonA's motivation for going public as a resident of Atlanta?","answer":"Behavioral"}
{"text":["It's hell seeing 6, 7 years old burying their own dead. Nobody's going to give them questions when they're beginning to ask questions. Simple questions - why are we here?Where's my mommy?That's when you get to know, like, these are children sometimes when the terrible things happen.","So on the one hand, they're killing people and on the other hand they're still children.",">>JAL They are still children, but, you know, they've been - they've grown really fast in terms of - to be trained to be killing machines because - the only thing is children don't know you die once. And also - AK is also a terrible gun that has been invented because young people can carry the gun - 8 years old can fire an AK47 that's as good as a 20-year-old.","How did you get out of that?"],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Children are being trained to be killing machines, and a gun was invented that is easy for young people to use, leading to more violence.","questions":"What kind of gun is being referred to in the statement?","answer":"AK47"}
{"text":["Well, the president really is his own brand. And that's kind of a double-edged sword - right?- for Democrats. You know, there's an opportunity for them to legislate with the president. At the same time, there has been, you know, voter research that has shown that voters don't necessarily view President Trump as a dyed-in-the-wool Republican.","He's really his sort of own brand. And so the question is whether voters are going to want to punish Republicans, you know, for what they may see as the president's inability to perform, if that, in fact, turns out to be the case. Hopefully, there's going to be some legislative victories coming here in the next few months, particularly on taxes.","But, yeah, the president's going to zig, and he's going to zag. And in the meantime, I think the Republicans are going to have to do their best to try to muscle through an agenda. And the big one coming up for them is going to be this debate over taxes.","When you say muscle through an agenda, the implication is they've got to twist arms in their own party?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) is that the Republicans must use pressure tactics to pass their agenda, rather than just relying on persuasion alone.","questions":"What is the implication of the term \"muscle through\" used by PersonA in the dialogue?","answer":"Tactics"}
{"text":["After he infected you?","Yeah, yeah.","So, let me get this straight. He infected you. You went back to him, and then he didn't want to be associated with you because other people knew about you?","Right. And he was scared his own status would be revealed. They would, you know, he was scared people would think, oh, she got it from him, and things like that.","What was it that you think made you go back to him when many other people would say I'm so angry I want to smack this guy up the head, or worse?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : THERE WAS QUARREL BETWEEN TWO AND ONE GOT INFECTED BY OTHER","questions":"How was the person in the dialogue infected?","answer":"infected"}
{"text":["It came as a bigger surprise over the last three to six months when our young scientist Robert Rohde was able to adopt really excellent statistical methods and push the record back to 1753. With such a long record, we could then separate out the signatures of solar variability, of volcanic eruptions, of El Nino and so on. And actually, to my surprise, the clear signature that really matched the rise in the data was human carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. It just matched so much better than anything else. I was just stunned.","You know, you wrote in your book, even, page 75: The evidence shows that global warming is real, and the recent analysis of our team indicates that most of it is due to humans.","(Technical difficulties). . .  And then we had these new results. I was much more cautious in the version of the book that was sent around for pre-review, and then we managed to get the new results in the new book.","You know, you've been criticized on both sides of the aisle, as they say now. I think some scientists are saying: Why did you publish - why didn't you publish it in legitimate, peer-reviewed journals first?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"we managed to get the new results in the new book\" - this implies that the results were obtained with some difficulty or effort, whereas the literal meaning would suggest that they were simply included in the new book.","questions":"What did PersonA say about the process of obtaining the new results?","answer":"Cautious"}
{"text":["You know, we have gone from this is a media hoax and fake news to calling it a witch hunt to saying that it was business as usual to meet with Russians about dirt on Hillary Clinton to saying that maybe we need to get out that pardoning power. The president is tweeting about this just this morning. He says he has complete and total pardon power but the only crimes that have been committed so far have been those of the leakers.","And of course, the background here is that Robert Mueller's investigating team - he's the special counsel looking into the Russia connection - may be looking to the larger reality of the Trump world's financial relationships with various Russians. And that may be what's prompting all this talk about investigating the investigators or pushing back on some of Mueller's hires or even using the pardon power.","I'll bet that the attorney general, Jeff Sessions, has had better weeks.","Oh, you know, indeed. We've had an overnight report, again from The Washington Post, that is based again on leaks from the U. S.  intelligence agencies. Apparently, there are intercepts of former Russian ambassador Sergey Kislyak reporting back to Moscow about his conversations with Jeff Sessions. We knew they had had conversations, but he has always said that they had nothing to do with the campaign. He was, of course, important to the Trump campaign for a senator who endorsed him. And he continues to stand by that statement this morning that he and Kislyak never talked about the campaign. But the Post says these intercepts show that Kislyak says differently."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"investigating the investigators\" and \"pushing back\" are also figurative language, not meant to be taken literally.","questions":"How are \"investigating the investigators\" and \"pushing back\" described?","answer":"Figurative"}
{"text":["Well, I didn't, but a professor of mathematics at Macalester College and one of his students did that. And they use this stuff called social network analysis, which is what the NSA uses to identify key terrorists and, you know, the people that they want to send the drones after. But these guys at Macalester College took that same method and applied it to \"Game Of Thrones. \"","Is it as simple as they just add up all the mentions on social media platforms or what?","In a sense it is. It's a matter - it's - look at the networks, you look at the strengths of the connections between the networks and almost always you find that one or two nodes come to the top, and they're the most important nodes. And they're the ones who, in a terrorist network, if you take them out, it causes significant damage to the network. And in the case of \"Game Of Thrones,\" if you took out Tyrion, it would make a huge difference to the rest of the story. So he's the one that is most likely to survive through the entire series.","Unless of course he gets a better offer from another series and they decide they have to write him out. But I'm interested in the fact that it can be used to penetrate what's going on in a supposedly secret terrorist network."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : There are no turns in this conversation whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings. All of the turns are being used in a straightforward and literal manner.","questions":"How did the professors at Macalester College apply social network analysis to \"Game of Thrones\"?","answer":"Tyrion"}
{"text":["And one more email.","And one more email, yeah. And it was quite literally the last email that I opened. And the email said, basically, Dear, Mr.  Feuer. Ever since I saw your story on the other Alan Feuer one year ago, I've been meaning to get in touch with you. I didn't want to do so while Alan was alive. Now, that he has passed away, would you like to know the truth about his background?","Well, you know, she - this woman who was, in fact, Alan's step niece. So, you know, imagine a, you know, a niece coming in by second marriage essentially. She went on to kind of flash out the family relationships, and she told me that while this life of grand society that I, in fact, had witnessed myself was absolutely true, the sort of back story that Alan had held up - Austrian blue blood, you know, mother live too long - all these stuff was, in fact, not true. And she said that, you know, if I wanted to get in touch with her, she would tell me, in fact, what the truth was. So I got in touch with her.","And this is a story of a man not from Austria but, in fact, born in Brooklyn and raised in Westchester?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The email contains information about the background of someone named Alan Feuer which cannot be disclosed until he passed away.","questions":"How was the background of Alan Feuer revealed?","answer":"Email"}
{"text":["It's becoming a new Thanksgiving tradition. This year, like the year before, the newest installment of \"The Hunger Games\" movie franchise \"Mockingjay Part 1\" is an adaptation of the first half of Suzanne Collins third and final book in the series. And with the backdrop of what's been happening in the world, protests in Ferguson, Missouri, and shakeup at the Capitol - Capitol Hill that is. Audiences look for comparisons between the fictitious world of Panem and the real world. We're joined now by Stephen Carter, a professor of law at Yale, a novelist and columnist for Bloomberg View, where he writes regularly on popular culture. Stephen, thanks so much for being back with us.","It's my pleasure, Scott.","I'm just guessing you don't watch \"Hunger Games\" the way a lot of other people do.","You're right. I'm looking for tropes and ideas that are going to leap out of the film into public life. And one that's really striking about the \"Hunger Games\" franchise is how more than really anything else in recent years in popular culture, so many of the symbols - the nation of Panem itself with its deep wealth inequalities, the notion of the Capitol, this barricaded wealthy city and of course, Katniss Everdeen herself, the hero. All of these things have not only leapt into the public imagination, but they are regular features of political argument."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"installment\" - This word literally means a portion of something, but in this context, it refers to a movie or book in a series.","questions":"What does \"installment\" refer to in the context of the dialogue?","answer":"Movie\/book"}
{"text":["The military also can benefit tremendously from this because if trade were to open with India - the military is a major producer of cement. They own a lot of state-owned enterprises, which they run for the benefit of ex-servicemen for the veterans. And they would be a major exporter of cement to India. Moreover, if there was transit trade between India through Pakistan and Afghanistan to Central Asia, the military is the largest transporter in the country.","So there are opportunities that need to be spelled out. But more important, I think, this is an opportunity for the Pakistani prime minister to have a national debate about this issue so that he can bring everybody on board.","What has the change been in the past few weeks, even, that gives you some optimism?","Well, it's not just the past few weeks. I think this is a change that has been occurring in the last decade or so. It's not perfect, and both leaders in India, and Pakistan will face enormous opposition from entrenched interests, apart from having a sclerotic bureaucracy that won't want to give up power and controls and business interests that may have helped them win their elections that want to retain their preferred access to state resources. It's not going to be easy, but I see strong possibility and I see a convergence of the need for economic development and growth, which will benefit people in general."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be indirectly suggesting that they have insider knowledge or expertise on a particular topic, and that their opinion or perspective should be given special consideration.","questions":"Which speaker might be suggesting that their opinion should be given special consideration?","answer":"Speaker"}
{"text":["President Obama says he wants to close the U. S.  detention center at Guantanamo Bay during his final year in office, just as he said he wanted to close it his first year, too. The president and his supporters say Republicans in Congress prevented him from doing that. But a new book presents original essays from 14 lawyers who represented some of the detainees, and many of those attorneys hold the Obama administration responsible, too.","They say that once in power, the administration found it convenient to have a place in which to park people it suspects of being terrorists without charge or trial. Reportedly, there are now about 80 detainees in Guantanamo. The book is \"Obama's Guantanamo: Stories From An Enduring Prison. \"It's edited by Jonathan Hafetz associate professor of law at Seton Hall. He joins us from New York. Thanks so much for being with us.","Great to be here.","Seems to be a lot of disappointment and even some anger in this book."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This implies that the book contains criticisms and negative opinions about the Obama administration's handling of Guantanamo Bay detainees.","questions":"How would you describe the tone of the book \"Obama's Guantanamo: Stories From An Enduring Prison\"?","answer":"Critical"}
{"text":["Is there any recourse here whatsoever, and is there any way to see from here on out how companies are actually using this bailout money, to be very clear about where and who it's going to?","Well, if your question goes beyond executive compensation to how the money is being used, yeah, we have a special inspector general that is overseeing it. We also have the General Accounting Office doing some review. We do have a problem with the General Accounting Office; can it get bank records so we know what they're using their money for?No, we need to clarify that in the law. You know, the oversight is meant to be strong through the special inspector-general. As a practical matter, will it be?We're going to have to wait a month or two to find out.","Charles Grassley is the Republican senator from Iowa. Thank you very much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The oversight of the bailout money may not be as strong as it is intended to be.","questions":"Which aspect of the bailout money's oversight is uncertain?","answer":"Oversight"}
{"text":["Immigration proponents hope that if we care as much about poor people outside the United States as we do about poor people inside the United States, we'll raise the level of care for both. We've seen, instead, as we have become more cosmopolitan in our sympathies, we've ended up caring as little for fellow Americans as for people everywhere.","It is precisely because we are not honoring our commitments and our promises and our obligations to our fellow Americans that I'm urging people to have a stronger sense of social solidarity. And the way you get that stronger sense of social solidarity is by making the meaning of Americanism stronger, and that means making it more of a national community. And communities have boundaries between themselves and the rest of the world.","You ground a lot of your argument, though, in white Americans' fears, really, about a country that's getting less white. So is limiting immigration the answer?I mean, doesn't that just play into those fears and then legitimize them?","I don't ground very much of my argument on that at all. What I ground my argument upon is a tendency of the human mind, perceived by psychologists in people of all backgrounds, to be stressed by rapid change."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker is trying to indirectly communicate a message or request to the listener.","questions":"What is the reason for the speaker urging people to have a stronger sense of social solidarity?","answer":"Social"}
{"text":["The Trump administration - or at least the president - have indicated previously they don't share this conclusion. Saudi Embassy says the claims and the purported assessment are false. Now, let's note - President Trump has often criticized the U. S.  intelligence establishment, saying they're not right on Russia. Oh, yeah. They were the ones who said Iraq had weapons of mass destruction.","We have to ask, is there any indication in this CIA report, which has sources inside, that this is some kind of attempt by what the president's supporters call the deep state to bring him into line?","No, I don't think so. I mean, the CIA - you know, for all of the ways that the president somehow misunderstands how they operate - is looking at this situation objectively. And, yes, to some degree, they are factoring in subjective judgments about how people behave, like the crown prince. But this is not an attempt, I think, to, you know, bring the crown prince to heel or to somehow influence policy.","And we should note, too, the president, I mean, has been briefed on the CIA's findings. And what we understand is that he keeps resisting them because he doesn't have, I guess, the smoking gun. He keeps asking, well, where's the body?Or, show me the definitive proof that Mohammed bin Salman ordered this. And, you know, it doesn't always work that way."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This statement implies that the CIA is conducting an objective investigation and not trying to influence policy.","questions":"Which organization is conducting an objective investigation?","answer":"CIA"}
{"text":[". . . Had you wanted to see these images. You had to have heard about it. You're just seeing brief news reports saying that foreign powers, especially the United States, have been provoking riots and dangerous behavior in Hong Kong for their own selfish reasons - those kind of terse news bulletins. But on the social media that the Chinese exchange every day that they love on their smartphones, any hint of searching for news that Hong Kong is immediately shut down by the censors.","So the U. S.  is being blamed on mainland China. The U. S.  does have a lot of financial interests in Hong Kong. The State Department has expressed grave concern over this extradition law. It says there are more than 1,300 U. S.  firms with operations in Hong Kong, about $80 billion in U. S.  investment, 85,000 American citizens. Are U. S.  businesses operating in Hong Kong likely to be affected by all of this?","They certainly would have been if this law had gone through. I mean, in essence, what this proposal was was that for the first time ever people in Hong Kong, whether foreigners or locals, could be sent for trial by being extradited to the mainland, and the mainland's courts are explicitly under the control of the Communist Party. They are not independent courts. They're not meant to be independent courts. So that caused a gigantic backlash from even rather meek and mild business groups. . .","Hm."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There is censorship in China preventing access to information about Hong Kong protests","questions":"Which country is being blamed by mainland China for provoking riots in Hong Kong?","answer":"UnitedStates"}
{"text":["The program hasn't been very popular with the farmers. They would much prefer to just have more successful markets that they can go to rather than have to kind of accept government handouts.","President Trump tweeted earlier this year that with more than a hundred billion coming into the U. S.  in tariffs, the U. S.  would buy agricultural products from farmers, ship them to poor and starving countries in the form of humanitarian assistance. Has that happened?","No. They looked into a program along those lines but realized it was pretty infeasible. You know, there's problems with kind of dumping large amounts of crops on poor countries because you can ruin their own agriculture sectors. So they decided to just do the more simple program, where you provide the direct payments to farmers. Now, the part that is right there is that the total amount being brought in by these could get to be $100 billion. I mean, at the current pace - it was 6 billion in June. That would work out to about 72 billion a year if it continues. And there's talk of adding even more tariffs on top of that. So you really could get to 100 billion being the number.","But at the end of the day, this has not turned into some kind of windfall for the U. S."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : President Trump's tweet did not lead to buying agricultural products for humanitarian assistance.","questions":"What was the result of President Trump's tweet regarding buying agricultural products for humanitarian assistance?","answer":"Failure"}
{"text":["Right. We can run through who is to blame for this, but I'd rather talk about what the solution is. The sticking points are on immigration. The president wants to change the system. Are you willing to scrap, for example, the visa lottery where 50,000 visas are given out to individuals from countries who aren't represented. . .","I think we have to look at it in a comprehensive way. But the point right now is just the other day, just the other night, Mitch McConnell understood that he needed 60 votes to continue the - to pass a continuing resolution. And yet he went forward knowing he did not have the 60 votes. So it is time for the Republicans - let's be clear. They control the House. They control the Senate. They control the White House. They've got to sit down and negotiate and understand they can't get everything they want. . .","Right. But what are you asking for?What are you asking for, exactly?","What we're asking for is three things. We are asking for an annual budget which will provide equally for defense and nondefense spending. We are asking that months and months after these terrible disasters impacted Texas and Florida and Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands - that we deal with disaster relief. And we are asking what the American people want. Recent poll had 87 percent of the American people saying that DREAMers should receive, retain their legal status that Trump took away from them. And most of those folks think there should be a path toward citizenship."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Republicans need to compromise and negotiate instead of trying to get everything they want.","questions":"Which political group does the statement suggest needs to compromise?","answer":"Republicans"}
{"text":["Are there specific goals you all are trying to achieve in terms of advancing one policy or another?","Yeah. So the overarching mission is really to support science for the public good. I think it's really important to say that when politicians attack science, it's not necessarily across the board. It's certain types of science. So if you look at climate change or public health, they're under attack from certain groups because, you know, they involve regulation or some businesses have an interest in them or there's some political thing to be gained for them. And so what we will be doing after the march is putting out a policy platform on all of these specific areas.","Is that a little like herding cats?I mean, I'm guessing the scientific community (laughter), like any other, is hardly monolithic in what it thinks is the way forward.","Well, this is what we have to do. Right?So if, at the end of the day, we get bogged down in research grants, we get bogged down in having to write the next paper - but we do science 'cause we care about improving society. And if that's what it takes for us to really, you know, bring all of these diverse voices into the room and figure out, you know, how we can be unified and how we can be a political force, that's where we're at at the moment. And we're going to push for that hard after the march."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  The implication of this statement is that certain groups are attacking certain types of science, like climate change and public health, because they may be interested in gaining something politically or economically. ","questions":"How are climate change and public health under attack?","answer":"Regulation"}
{"text":["Now turning to economics, the housing market is in a shambles. Oil and food prices are skyrocketing. The U. S.  dollar is slumping, and stocks are on a bumpy ride. Gloomy economic news is most of what we hear these days, but the choices that you make can transform your relationship to money, even through these tough economic times. Here with some big picture advice is author and economist Julianne Malveaux. She is also the president of Bennett College. Great to have you on again.","Good to be with you, Farai.","So before we dig into some practical methods that you can help turn around your economy, let's get a good picture of what's going on. Many experts say that we're already in a recession. Do you agree with that?","The data don't suggest that we are. But for African\u2014Americans in particular, you know, when some people have a cold, other people have a fever. We have seen negative growth. We have seen high unemployment rates. We have seen the impact of gas prices over $100 a barrel. And so I think that whether we're in a technical recession or not, people are feeling the pinch of an economy that is not doing well."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"feeling the pinch\" - actual meaning: experiencing the negative effects or consequences of something.","questions":"Which phrase describes the impact of the economy that African-Americans are feeling according to PersonA in turn 3?","answer":"Pinch"}
{"text":["Yeah, absolutely. So, you know, one of the things we need to be doing is making this standardized. I've talked to many people. They say, well, he never even checked what my, you know, date of birth said. I think we need to go to more of a standardized approach in order to do that.","Is there any kind of technological solution to this - I don't know - thumbprint, iris scan or something?","We have electronic health records, which are supposed to make this easier. But remember, anytime you introduce technology within sort of a complex health care system, you know, it can also have unintended consequences.","So never before would I be sitting on a patient's, you know, medical record with three different electronic health record screens open, trying to work between, you know, different patients sitting in an emergency room. So with new technologies come this additional complexity that we need to sort of be thinking about."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  We have electronic health records, which are supposed to make this easier. But remember, anytime you introduce technology within sort of a complex health care system, you know, it can also have unintended consequences.  The actual meaning implied in this turn is that the speaker is cautioning about the potential unintended consequences of introducing technology into a complex healthcare system, despite the expectation that electronic health records would make things easier. The literal meaning is that the speaker is highlighting the potential negative effects of technology in a complex system.","questions":"How can introducing technology into a complex healthcare system have what kind of consequences?","answer":"Unintended"}
{"text":["Now, in both the Enron case and the Madoff situation, they're very different in some ways, but they both benefited at least for a time from the fact that a lot of people don't understand finance, and it's very difficult to understand. What do you think people need to do who are not financiers to understand why is it important to even understand the issue of finance, white-collar crime, and all of this?","White-collar crime matters because it affects all of us. Even if you happen to be a blue-collar person, you undoubtedly get affected one way or another - your investments, your company, your suppliers, your neighbors. Everyone gets affected by serious white-collar crime, and the old joke is, right, you walk into a bank with a gun, steal $50,000, they send you away for 10 years. You steal $50 million in some sort of white-collar crime thing, and you get, you know, five minutes and a warning from the judge.","I mean, that's an exaggeration. But that's the kind of thing that for years has annoyed people, including me. And somehow the - because there's been now so much of the stuff has surfaced, and there's such conscientiousness about it and in the case of Madoff largely because he scammed people that members of the media know. So you get really angry when your friends go down. I mean, I don't have any friends who were in there, but a lot of people in my business. . .","Right."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The joke about $50K and $5 million is not literal, but it expresses the belief that white collar crimes are larger and easier to get away with.","questions":"How does the joke about $50K and $5 million reflect the perception of white-collar crime?","answer":"perception"}
{"text":["Well, if it's $135 million cut this year, I can envision an entire university being closed.","Meaning having to shut an entire campus.","We have three universities in our system and 13 community colleges all across the state. And so 135 million would be one of our universities and all of our community campuses.","What else in the immediate term are you considering doing or are you already doing to comply with this budget cut?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Closing an entire campus is one possible consequence.","questions":"What is one possible consequence of the budget cut?","answer":"Consequence"}
{"text":["Thank you.","You introduced your own proposal based on an idea that you've called unilateral disarmament. Can you explain that?And I'm assuming it doesn't have anything to do with guns.","No, absolutely not. Democrats have used the term unilateral disarmament when it comes to redistricting a number of times. It seems more often than not that it's Democrats taking the mantle of reform and Republicans not following suit. And so I have proposed a bill - and I will be proposing it again this year - for a two-state compact between us and Virginia.","Maryland does have some issues with redistricting that we do need to solve, and we do want to put it to a truly independent commission to be able to draw those lines. But Virginia has the same problems in the opposite direction. And I think if you look across the map, I think there are more states that have a Republican redistricting problem than a Democratic one. And so my bill, in addition to creating an independent commission, also requires that before we implement, Virginia does, as well.","So basically, everyone has to drop their arms at the same time. I want to get to the crux of the matter, though. Let's talk about Maryland. Democrats have a huge advantage in the state, and they hold seven of the state's eight seats in Congress. Is that good for the people of your state?Can it really show their will?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Democrats are usually in favor of reform while Republicans are not.","questions":"How do Democrats typically view reform compared to Republicans?","answer":"Reform"}
{"text":["Am I wrong to see in this novel a theme that the relics we worship are often no more than making a choice among frauds?","You know, Frederick - he had 19,000 of these things.","Yeah.","You know, everything. Frederick was called Frederick the Wise. This was a very learned man. And you think, well, wait, you know, how could he have really thought this was, you know, the - a strand of Jesus's hair or a piece of straw?And the answer is, I suspect he didn't in his heart of hearts, but his - the overriding theology, if you will, was I think he thought that if relics make people more pious, where's the harm?I'm attracted to that notion. If it - if belief in a, you know, a bone leads you to praying to be a better person - how quickly I descend into truism - where's the harm?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Frederick the Wise was so learned and yet he still believed in the power of relics, suggesting that people can be misguided even when they are very knowledgeable.","questions":"Which characteristic of Frederick's beliefs is highlighted in the dialogue?","answer":"Beliefs"}
{"text":["According with my investigation, the first responsible of this crime was the 27th Battalion in Iguala, in particular, the colonel that received the phone call from the drug lord ordering him. You have to rescue my drugs. I pay you for this. You have - I don't know what you have to do. I want my drugs back.","Have they faced any consequences?What have they said to your findings?","Even now, the Mexican government is nagging (ph) in all the ways possible that the army - they were present. The real persons that were involved on that crime are not in jail. And I think if we are able to understand, if we are able to send to these people to jail, maybe we will be able to stop all these abuses of power and human rights violations.","You have been an investigative journalist for many years. It is an incredibly dangerous profession. We've seen so many journalists in Mexico killed. You are now living in Italy for your own safety. You have received threats. Are you worried about what this will mean for you and your family?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The Mexican government is constantly communicating things about the army in all ways that they can.","questions":"What is the government doing about the army?","answer":"Nothing"}
{"text":["Well, I think there is a feeling of shock, number one. And number two, there's a great deal of fear that this will spiral Sri Lanka down into interreligious violence that will be much more intense than what we've seen in the recent years.","Is Christianity something that Sri Lankans sort of wear in a visible fashion?I mean, would people know whether their co-workers or their neighbors are Christian?Or is this something that people sort of carry under the surface that you might not be aware of?","Well, I think people are very free, usually, in talking about their religious identity. And Catholics would wear particular items like scapulars or miraculous medals that would indicate their affiliation. When it comes to worship, however, women do veil. And if you go into churches like St.  Sebastian's or St.  Anthony's, there will be signs admonishing people to veil - women to veil. So there is a sense of distinctiveness, but it's not the sense that Catholics are identifiable by particular clothing or forms of speech.","Having spent time among Sri Lankan Christians, were you surprised to see this group targeted in such a vicious way?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Carry under the surface\" means the Catholics would not publicly display anything that reveals that they are Catholic.","questions":"What is the meaning of \"carry under the surface\"?","answer":"Catholic"}
{"text":["Well, this case is about responsibility. And one of the examples that's been seen a lot lately was one of the ones that shook me to the core when I first saw it. It was an advertisement. And the tagline on the advertisement was, consider your man card reissued. What kind of society allows manhood to be defined in this way?","I'm struck by something that the family's lawyer told the court. He said Remington may never have known the shooter. But they had been courting him for years.","I think that's accurate. If you are selling a product and promising dominance, masculine success and a sense of outmatching your opponents in a very physical and, in fact, lethal way - I mean, who do you think that kind of advertising is going to connect with the most?","As you know, gun-makers do have broad immunity - broad protection under federal law that was passed in 2005. It's protected them from lawsuits before. Are you worried that this decision in Connecticut could be overturned by the U. S.  Supreme Court?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Advertising that promises dominance and masculinity appeals to certain people","questions":"How does advertising that promises what appeal to certain people?","answer":"Dominance"}
{"text":["We know that many refugees went back to the former Yugoslavia. In the 1990s, there was a mass exodus from Yugoslavia. People have gone back there. But the overall evidence is that 80% of the world's refugees leave their country for at least five years, 20% for at least 20 years. And I think we are dealing with both the crises of diplomacy and the crises of humanitarian aid, and both need to be addressed. Our belief is that America has a proud tradition on which to stand in doing both those tasks.","David Miliband is president and CEO of the International Rescue Committee.","Thank you so much for your time.","Thank you so much, Rachel."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : 80% of refugees leave their country for at least five years and 20% leave for at least 20 years.","questions":"How long do 20% of refugees leave their country for?","answer":"twenty"}
{"text":["It's called a poor choice. On one innocent New Year's Eve in the early 1980s, I went to a party with all my friends. And justification, rationalization - everybody's doing it. I'm the only kid who's - just has a couple beers and is not doing coke. So you know what?I try it. And you know what happened?I'm not like everybody else. I liked it too damn much. And what it did was take away the split-second timing of being able to hit a major league fastball and to do the geometry that you need to do to run down ground balls and throw accurately. It just took a split second off me. And I had a 10-year career. But I would have been, in my opinion, an all-star-type player a couple years. And the morals - incredibly, the morals and values that my dad instilled in me made me a good cocaine user, so to speak.","I don't understand that at all. The morals your father instilled in you made you a good cocaine user.","Here's how. Here's how. I was never late for a game, never would think about playing a game on coke. I was raised too well to do that. I convinced myself that I was OK.","Painful as it is but also, I think, instructive to those of us who loved your father - could you tell us about the time when he called you up and said, get over here?And it was - your father and your brothers wanted to talk to you about all this."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : not literally doing geometry math problems, but understanding how to play baseball using both brains and athleticism","questions":"Which skill did cocaine take away from the speaker?","answer":"thinking"}
{"text":["I didn't. I've always had the theory that the shower scene works as well as it does because just beforehand, you have this quite long supper conversation between Normal Bates and Marion Crane - Anthony Perkins and Janet Leigh - which is the quietest, calmest moment in the film.","And it lulls you and it prepares you for the shocking, violent moment that is to come.","And so I went for that scene because I think it's a beautiful, beautifully acted scene and really, the heart of Anthony Perkins' performance. And I think that sometimes, an actor is essential. I don't know who else could have played that part.","That's interesting. So it's not the stab in the shower or the bridge blowing up that stays with us."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : implies that the quietness of the supper conversation before the shower scene prepares the audience to be shocked by the violent moment that follows","questions":"How does the quietness of the supper conversation function in the shower scene? (Answer: prepares)","answer":"prepares"}
{"text":["It's a pleasure to be here. And I'm one of many people who are running the Dog Aging Project.","What do you folks hope to learn?","We're trying to create the largest long-term study of aging in dogs that anyone has ever done, with the goal of trying to understand how genes and environment determine healthy aging in dogs.","So it's not just that old rule of thumb that one year is seven years in a dog's life?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) - What do you folks hope to learn? - Implied Meaning: What is the purpose of your research?","questions":"Which project is PersonA running?","answer":"Dog-Aging-Project"}
{"text":["Absolutely. This is probably one of the most consequential elections in Israel in the last 10 years, since Netanyahu has been in power.","Daniel, thanks so much.","You're welcome.","That's NPR's Daniel Estrin."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : None of the turns have implied meanings that are different from their literal meanings. They all convey their literal meanings without any hidden or implied messages.","questions":"How does turn 3 differ from the other turns in the dialogue?","answer":"Differ"}
{"text":["The happiness course has been running for a couple of weeks. Any immediate reaction?","Teachers are telling me that they themselves are finding lot of calmness, lot of improvement in their behavior because they also sit into mindfulness with their students. So that's bringing a change in the teacher's approach also.","You've been sitting in on a lot of these classes. Are you happier?","Yeah, I'm feeling happier because if my kids are happier, my teachers are happier, then an education minister himself is happier."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Mindfulness practices in class help teachers improve behavior","questions":"What is bringing a change in the teacher's approach according to A?","answer":"Mindfulness"}
{"text":["At dusk tonight - the Belmont stakes, and an engaging chestnut named California Chrome has a chance to be the first horse to win the Triple Crown - a sweep of all three of the major thoroughbred races since 1978. We're honored now to be joined by Laura Hillenbrand. She's a horse rider by trade, of course she's author of the perpetual best-selling \"Seabiscuit. \"Laura, thanks so much for being with us.","I'm so happy to be here Scott.","What is there about the Belmont stakes that frustrates so many great four-legged athletes who've already won two big races?","They call it the test of their champion for a reason. It is a tricky race. It's run around the biggest track in the country so strategy is different. You have to move a different place. It's a race that requires a lot of the jockey.","The thing that makes it the hardest in terms of sweeping the whole Triple Crown is the horse that gets there with a chance to win it as California Chrome has. They've already competed in the Derby and the Preakness, which are two incredibly difficult races. And now, in the span of five weeks, they have to try the third one. And it's the hardest one of all, the longest one of all. It's really asking a huge amount of them. And that's why, in my whole racing fan life, I have never seen a horse sweep the Triple Crown. I've seen 12 horses go to the Belmont with a chance to win it, and all of them have failed.","California Chrome is called the people's horse, kind of like Seabiscuit."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"frustrates so many great four-legged athletes\" - This suggests that the horses experience challenges or difficulties in the Belmont Stakes, which goes beyond the literal meaning of being frustrated.","questions":"What emotion do horses experience during the Belmont Stakes?","answer":"Challenges"}
{"text":["I think Gary offers central location. It's close to a number of freeways. There's access to Chicago. There's certainly lower cost of living for employees. Yeah, the employees will be generously compensated. But, you know, moving into a larger market - Chicago, Boston, possibly some places like Austin - you're going to have a lot of that income gobbled up immediately by real estate and housing. And I think for Gary, it's a tremendous opportunity to turn a corner.","Yeah, but what about the tax rate?","Tax rate - I mean, it's more generous than Illinois, so, certainly for businesses and corporations. So there's that appeal there. And I know there's been, you know, conversation with the governor of Indiana, Governor Holcomb, about kind of preparing this plan. I can't speak to how much of that has happened or not. But I think that's another advantage.","There's so many cities preparing a bit for Amazon's second headquarters. But will the winner have to grant so many tax breaks, it won't wind up being that much of an economic gain?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  The implied meaning of the second turn is asking if the tax rate in Indiana is lower than Illinois, and if it is, will the winner of Amazon's second headquarters have to grant so many tax breaks that it won't be a big economic gain in the end.","questions":"Which state's tax rate is more generous for businesses and corporations?","answer":"Indiana"}
{"text":["They're definitely not smarter than us. Some of them are really dumb. Like, I definitely have footage of raccoons who just crawl all over it for a little while and then slink away. But some of them - it is amazing how smart they seem to be. One of the videos I captured, the raccoon just walks up to the bin, pulls it right down and it lands with a bang. And then she turns and looks directly at the camera, almost as if to say, ha, you can't stop me. You can't stop me.","(Laughter). Amy Dempsey, an investigative reporter at the Toronto Star on the raccoon beat. Thank you so much.","Thank you.","And FYI, raccoon expert Suzanne MacDonald, told the Toronto Star that her research is ongoing, but the raccoons are, quote, \"not starving to death - that's for sure. \""],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The raccoons are not making a song. The woman is writing stories about them.","questions":"Which animal is the focus of the woman's stories?","answer":"raccoons"}
{"text":["Yeah, it was. And you know, people did everything from bringing full-on sleeping bags to wearing what looked like, you know, fall clothes for a stroll in the park. People had very different strategies about what they were going to bring. They had very different understandings of what the security lines would let them bring in. There were huge piles of debris afterwards from things people couldn't bring onto the Mall. You know, it was organized chaos. I mean, it went off really smoothly considering, but there was certainly moments where people didn't completely know what to do, but there was no one who I've heard of who had a bad time. The only time that things are bad here is when you're trying to catch a taxi because there aren't any.","Well, you know, Metro police said there were no arrests, at least initially, as a result of all those people being there, which is remarkable in and of itself. You could have that large a crowd and everyone be that well behaved.","People were amazing. I saw these young brothers last night, and they were like, where's the Mall?And this is one o'clock in the morning. And I went, oh, there's not going to be any parking over there. They're like, we just drove from Chicago. Where's the Mall?I was like, that way. So, people just brought their A-game.","All right. Farai, thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Despite the chaos, people had a good time at the event.","questions":"What was the aftermath of the event?","answer":"Debris"}
{"text":["Well, I would say that he is a guy that tends to see silver linings in dark clouds. And, you know, this is a man that, in private business, had 10,000 lawsuits over his career, so I think he has a unique ability to sort of quarantine in his mind the impact some of these things have.","And what's the risk in that?","Well, I think the implications, again, is that it's not just about Zelenskiy. It's not about the Ukraine. It's not about Rudy. It's - the can has been opened. Now we have to see if there's good soup inside or worms, right?They're going to be looking for stuff - the House Democrats - that are not going to be very glowing and positive about the president. So if we think these revelations are not good - and now they might get an expedited subpoena power with the impeachment process under way. It's not good.","Does the seriousness of this cast a shadow on the White House?Are they concerned about what, for instance, is going to be coming out today?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Not soup, but they have to study the situation to see if it will be good or be trouble.","questions":"What do the House Democrats search for?","answer":"Evidence"}
{"text":["Well, she's made her mission here to expand or improve transparency and ethical reform in the state government. As you likely know, Alaska has been just shaken by corruption scandals for the past couple of years. The FBI has been investigating state legislators, three of them are in jail for bribery now, more maybe coming.","So she sort of arrived on the scene in the middle of all of that, and push for new ethics rule in the legislature and her - one of her biggest goals in office is to get a big new natural gas pipeline. Something along the lines of the old Alaska oil pipeline, built so that Alaska can ship out it's natural gas.","But she wants that done in a more transparent fashion. She says she wants more outside energy companies coming and bidding on that. As oppose to sort of, deals struck among the elite, as she would say, you know, the old governor was accused by her of cutting a deal with the oil companies that just wasn't too favorable to Alaska, or so she said at the time, in terms of oil production taxes. So, she wants all of that to have a lot of more sunlight.","Well, speaking of sunlight, she's facing an ethics investigation of her own, is she not?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The conversation has shifted from talking about Sarah Palin to talking about her ethics investigation.","questions":"What is the topic of conversation in turn 3?","answer":"Ethics"}
{"text":["Hello.","What happened to you this morning?What happened in Kathmandu?","Well, we were on a staff retreat with our editors and reporters up on a mountaintop overlooking Kathmandu Valley. And it felt as if I was propelled two meters up into the air. It was just such a heavy jolt. And when we looked down at the city, it looked like it had been completely destroyed because there was a ball of dust covering the entire valley in which Kathmandu is situated. And we thought the whole city had been destroyed. But as we got down back into the city through the roads, it looked like it wasn't as bad as we initially feared. Many of the residential buildings were damaged, but seem to be intact. On the other hand, the monuments of the world heritage sites in Kathmandu - Bhaktapur and Patan - many of them have been completely destroyed.","Mr.  Dixit, have you been able to get a handle on how extensive the damage is in Nepal and for that matter the region 'cause there are reports that India's also been affected."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A: \"And when we looked down at the city, it looked like it had been completely destroyed because there was a ball of dust covering the entire valley in which Kathmandu is situated.\" The city was not actually completely destroyed, but the dust made it difficult to see and gave the impression that it had been destroyed.","questions":"How did the city appear when PersonA looked down at it from the mountaintop?","answer":"Destroyed"}
{"text":["First of all, Ford says it doesn't need the money right now. It needs a line of credit in case. And they believe that they can make it, that they can make it through these hard times. So, there is one big difference. They don't have to go to the extremes that, say, GM does, who say they need money right now.","Jean, I'd like to go back to GM for a moment, and I know you mentioned Larry Burns is a friend. If you were to point out one thing that you think that they're not doing that they should be doing at General Motors, what would that be?","You know, they have been just slow, very slow. They have brought out many, many vehicles in the past - and he is absolutely correct when he says, you know, nine of the last 10 vehicles that have come out have been great vehicles. Two of the next 24 will be what Congress is asking them to do.","So, they're addressing the issues. They have the Chevy Cruise. They have the Malibu, which was an Automobile Magazine All-Star last year, its first year out. We called it better than a Camry. They have a Malibu hybrid. They have the Cadillac line, CTS, CTSV. They have Volt. They have very good vehicles coming out. They have been perhaps slow to ax the ones that are not so good.","Jean Jennings is the editor of Automobile magazine. Thanks, Jean."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : THEIR VARITIES OF VEHICLES EXPLAINS THE CONDITION ","questions":"Which aspect of GM's condition is explained by their varieties of vehicles, according to the dialogue?","answer":"Condition"}
{"text":["Obviously there's some niche that the starfish occupy. Should we be worried if - what we might do to the ecosystem if we get rid of these starfish?","You know, I think it would only be in the dreams of a few people that they might possibly be able to get rid of all of them. What they're trying to do is cut back on the numbers. So they're going to remove as many as they can, but you're still going to have some out there.","And these sea stars are out there on a lot of reefs in the Pacific in low numbers. You can see little trails of white, dead corals that they've left behind as they've gone along feeding, and that will continue to happen. They're not going to get rid of every last one of them.","But the increase in numbers, I mean, you're talking about going onto reefs and having hundreds to thousands times as many starfish on a reef as you normally would see, and that's a big difference."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The significant increase in the number of starfish is a cause for concern","questions":"What is the reason for concern?","answer":"Increase"}
{"text":["The charges are wire fraud, aiding and abetting and lying to the FBI. Now, the Department of Justice called this a brazen bribery scheme in a letter that came out today with the indictment. According to them, it involves a wealthy businessman, two of his associates and, as you mentioned, Robin Hayes. He's a former five-term congressman and currently still as of this moment leads the state Republican Party.","The indictment lays out in some very specific detail what amounts to an effort to gain favorable treatment from the state Department of Insurance. And allegedly the businessman, this man named Greg Lindberg, offered millions of dollars to the state insurance commissioner. His name's Mike Causey - the commissioner - who is also an elected Republican. And what they wanted - the business folks - in return were looser regulations and some control over personnel within the state Department of Insurance.","How did the alleged fraud come to light?","Well, according to federal prosecutors, it was the insurance commissioner himself, Causey, who had just been on the job for a few weeks, maybe a month or two who came to them in 2017. He had concerns about what he perceived were illegal campaign contributions, and he agreed to cooperate with them if there was an investigation. And of course there was this investigation. And it's unclear exactly what mechanism was used, but there are direct quotes throughout this indictment - phone conversations, in-person correspondence. So a lot of what is alleged to have happened in this conspiracy appears to in some form or fashion have been recorded."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The insurance commissioner reported concerns about illegal campaign contributions and cooperated with federal prosecutors to investigate the alleged fraud.","questions":"What did Causey report to federal prosecutors?","answer":"Concerns"}
{"text":["It will need to come from all of those sources, but it also has to - we have to take into account that the economic policies that are encouraged in things like bio-fuel all drive up the cost of fuel. So trading policies, agricultural policies that force people to engage in a form of agriculture that destroys the land, increase the price of food and pushes us further towards a global crisis.","Well, Bill, thanks so much.","Any time.","Bill Fletcher is a senior scholar with The Institute for Policy Studies and a former president of TransAfrica Forum."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Economic policies like bio-fuel increase fuel cost and food prices, leading to global crisis.","questions":"Which forum was Bill Fletcher the former president of?","answer":"TransAfrica"}
{"text":["Right. They're kind of barracks, right?This sort of - people don't have privacy.","No privacy. In some cases, they actually look like slave cabins. I mean, they're small. They're wooden shacks. Many of them - in fact, I have not seen one. They do not have bathrooms in the living facility itself. If you don't have a bathroom in your home or in your living space, you have to walk, in some cases, quite a ways to get to the toilet, to get to a shower. And this creates another vulnerability for women and something that they always have to be careful of, especially young girls.","What needs to happen, in your view?","Oh. I sigh because it's been such a long road. I think the best way for women to protect themselves - the best way that I've seen in the many years that I've organized has actually been a union contract. And that's because a union contract has a grievance process that guarantees that there will be no retaliation, that provides a means of justice and fairness and a response that's speedy, that addresses the issue, that allows farmworkers to actually have abusive supervisors fired and go back to work and be safe. If there's no way for an abuser to be actually punished for what he's doing to the women in the workplace, then it doesn't work. It doesn't work. And women are not going to complain. They're not going to feel safe."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Oh. I sigh because it's been such a long road. - The literal meaning of this turn is that the speaker is exhaling loudly because of a long journey. The actual meaning is that the speaker is expressing exhaustion and frustration from the challenges of advocating for farmworkers' rights.","questions":"What is the speaker expressing in turn 3?","answer":"exhaustion"}
{"text":["You're welcome.","Remind us, please, about some of the allegations facing Secretary Zinke because they have been building.","They have. One Washington-based ethics watchdog tallied 17 different investigations and controversies around Zinke. The one everyone will be - will remember are the really expensive doors. The Interior Department apparently spent $139,000 to replace three sets of doors. But the bigger issues were related to whether he had travel or financial dealings that were unethical or that favored industry and somehow benefited himself. Those are ongoing. And there was a concern or a thought, a very real likely concern, that congressional Democrats were going to take those ethical quandaries a lot more seriously and would be investigating when Democrats took over the House.","Yeah. So that might prompt the decision now in addition to any effect the president might want to have on the news cycle?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Secretary Zinke is involved in multiple investigations and controversies.","questions":"Which government department does Secretary Zinke belong to?","answer":"Interior"}
{"text":["The writer Michael Kinsley, who's a friend of this program, wrote about the surge a few months ago. Look at the numbers before the surge. Look at the numbers after the surge. This is what the Bush administration calls a success. One hundred and thirty thousand Americans in Iraq at the beginning and at the end. This country will still have about 130,000 soldiers - American soldiers in Iraq. Michael Kinsley said, have we really succeeded anything or have we just kind of changed the metric in some way?","Oh my Lord. I mean, what we have in Iraq, and I just got back, you know, less than two weeks ago. What we have in Iraq is a government that is elected by its people. It's the only Arab-Muslim country of that type, of that form of government in that region. It will have a long- term security relationship and a strategic relationship with the United States and be aligned with the United States. That is a major positive outcome for us, particularly given the fact that in 2006 we nearly lost the country and suffered a humiliating defeat.","Things do look an awful lot different than they did two years ago. You had a significant role in that, in thinking about what should be done at a time when it was a very unpopular plan to be putting forth. No one was - there wasn't a very big cheering squad for that. I wonder if you sit back on an evening now and feel some kind of sense of satisfaction?What is that?'","Well, I think there were a lot of people that, you know, have a hand in it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The success of the surge is debatable and may just be a change in metrics.","questions":"What is the Bush administration's definition of success in Iraq?","answer":"Change"}
{"text":["Now it's, I should say this is a demonstration, it's not, you know, there is an actual kill that takes place in the video, but it's not a real kill, it's a demo kill. But what the system that they are playing or working on actually is designed to do and will do when it is deployed is to hunt, and if necessary kill, real targets. It fires missiles, it drops bombs, you can hear the guy talking about the weapons that he has available on one of his drones.","And they didn't just make it feel like a video game, they figured out that there's a sort of a feedback loop that was a problem for the operators, they couldn't kind of sense what was happening. And they hired video gamers to redesign their system for them.","Yeah, they hired real game developers. Because, you know, when you compared what people in the military were using to operate drones to what the latest Xbox or PlayStation system looked like, I mean the screens on this wrap around you so you feel as though you were there. One of the executives Raytheon describes it as projecting your mind into a place where you want it.","You write about watching this demonstration video with your seven year old kind of standing behind you watching this screen, and he gets it right away and he kind of likes it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"the screens on this wrap around you so you feel as though you were there\" - The literal meaning is that the screens wrap around the user to create a sense of immersion. The implied meaning is that the user can feel as though they are actually present in the location where the drone is operating.","questions":"What is the purpose of the system mentioned in turn 2?","answer":"Hunt"}
{"text":["Thank you.","You begin by saying that you think making laws to get rid of guns just might be impossible.","Well, I think we should try but we already have 300 million guns in circulation in America. So, if tomorrow or in January Congress somehow banned the sale of all new guns, we have 100-year problem. Even if you have gun buybacks - they'll buy back five, 10, 20, 30 million guns - we have a terrible, tragic situation where the country is awash in guns. So, very little on the gun control agenda is actually going to make a dent in that, unfortunately.","Your most controversial points certainly now is that you say more people ought to be trained to fire back at an assailant and be able to carry guns for that purpose."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This statement implies the level of pessimism about the effectiveness of gun control measures given the large number of guns already in circulation in the country, and that most proposals for gun control won't make much of a difference..","questions":"Which point of view does the statement suggest about the effectiveness of gun control measures?","answer":"Pessimistic"}
{"text":["They asked me to consider that, you know, almost without exception, these are young people in federal facilities who are separated from their families. They're in a strange place. They're dealing with stress and uncertainty every day. They fled poverty. They fled possibly violence in their home countries. And so they desperately need the semblance of a daily routine.","And analogously, if you look at studies done in hospital settings with chronically ill children, when they have access to play, they do better. They heal faster. They have lower levels of stress. And similarly, after natural disasters like Hurricane Harvey, Hurricane Katrina, there started to be interest in the therapeutic benefits of play access.","A very simple thing that Dr.  Cantor told me is that when your brain is being bombarded with stress hormones every day, you actually need to move your body even more than usual so you can get oxygen to your brain. And this oxygenation - it helps buffer potentially long-term damage.","Just in our last 30 seconds, what does the law say here?Could there be legal challenges?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Moving your body more than usual can help buffer long-term damage caused by stress.","questions":"What can help buffer potential long-term damage caused by stress?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["And you'll vote again, yes, today.","I will, although I'm pretty peeved at the Senate for putting in the baloney tax extension. I mean, I can't believe that the Senate did that. I mean, how disgusting. But we're over a barrel, we've got to hold our nose. You know, we can't let the state of California go belly up financially.","There is a real risk though, congresswoman, that even if the House passes this it goes through, the president signs it - that it won't help, that it won't unfreeze the credit markets.","We're still going to have a problem. I mean, there is no question that there is already layoff. There's going to be an economic decline. There's going to be a recession. The question is how deep and, you know, is this going to be a catastrophe or is just going to be bad. This is not the last thing we're going to have to do."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Passing this bill may not be enough to improve the credit market.","questions":"How will passing the bill potentially affect the credit market?","answer":"Potentially"}
{"text":["Correct. We discovered to our surprise that the law was being used with fair frequency in an effort to prevent mass shootings. So we decided to focus on those cases, and we reported 21 of them. We can't prove that the recovery of firearms in most of those cases prevented mass shootings from happening, but we do know firearms were recovered or purchases blocked in most cases and the shootings didn't occur.","OK. So what we have here is not definitive proof that red flag laws do indeed work, but we have some anecdotal evidence that show they might be working. Could you give us an example of one or two of these cases you looked at?","Sure. A disgruntled former employee made credible threats to return to his workplace and kill co-workers. One of the employees of that company reported this to law enforcement, who determined that this person had just purchased a 12-gauge shotgun. And our mandatory 10-day waiting period before he could acquire the gun, there were about two days left. So during that time, law enforcement was able to go to a judge who reviewed the evidence, issued a restraining order and the purchase was blocked. So when law enforcement went to the man's house, they found 400 rounds of ammunition for that shotgun.","Wow. All right. So that's an example of maybe law enforcement intervening just in time so he couldn't get his hands on a gun that would have been used to perhaps kill his colleagues."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : red flag usually means that something very bad is obvious","questions":"How does the dialogue suggest the effectiveness of red flag laws?","answer":"Successful"}
{"text":["Is President Trump right to blame the Fed. . .","Perhaps. . .",". . . For increasing interest rates?","Yeah. Perhaps a little bit on the margin. He's not wrong about that. So interest rates are still fairly low. The Fed raised its rate, its benchmark rate, to 2. 25 to 2. 5 percent, which is not - it's not, you know, like a hugely high rate. But they are starting to kind of cool the economy off a little bit. And, you know, for years and years and years, that rate has functionally been very, very close to zero. And they've been raising it slowly but surely. They've forecast that they are going to continue raising interest rates unless they see something in the numbers that really upsets them. So, yeah, you know, the Fed is not providing more help to the economy. It's looking at the economy and saying, hey, GDP growth is still 2. 8 percent per year this late in the recovery. We're going to keep on raising rates. And if there's a recession. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A is not fully agreeing with B's statement","questions":"Which statement of PersonB is PersonA not fully agreeing with?","answer":"Blame"}
{"text":["And as we look ahead, these issues are going to be more and more significant, at least that's what the climate scientists tell us. How did it change to get it - make it more of a priority in people's opinions and in politics?","You know, there are various models of social change. One is the - what I call the Pearl Harbor model, where you have an event that changes everything. Sometimes its pressure is gradually building, an awareness building. I call that the Berlin Wall model where things keep building until - in the case of the Berlin Wall, it went down. And sometimes it's difficult to see those tipping points before you reach them. Almost by definition, tipping points are difficult to project and identify.","But my own sense says that we are moving toward a tipping point on the climate issue, and it's going to take a few more droughts like the one in the summer of 2012, an intense heat that greatly reduced the U. S.  grain harvest. I think it reduced the corn harvest by close to 30 percent. Or storms unlike anything we've seen before. And then we'll begin to, at some point, realize that climate change is for real. That it's dangerous and it's costly and we need to be doing something about it.","Yet, you'd like to think that we could arrive at these kinds of decisions on a rational basis. Don't need a tremendous crisis to focus our attention."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Climate change is real, dangerous, and costly. We need to take action.","questions":"What is the issue that the tipping point is moving toward?","answer":"Climate-change"}
{"text":["How quickly would we see a border closing impact the U. S.  auto industry?","Well, really, we would start to see manufacturing facilities impacted almost immediately. Most of the industry follows a just-in-time inventory strategy, which means that the parts that are needed for the vehicle are shipped to the plant as they are needed and on a continual basis. They don't maintain inventory levels at the assembly plant. So we would see a number of factories start to shut down almost immediately because they wouldn't have inventory available to keep going.","Is it possible for you to paint a picture of this for us using a specific car part, for example?","You know, there's a couple interesting ones. One, wire harnesses - these are the wires that are - that go into a vehicle. There's probably miles of these copper wires in a vehicle, very labor-intensive to put these wire harnesses together. The vast majority are made in Mexico that are used in U. S.  manufacturing. And so that's something that would be very important for a vehicle because it goes on early in the process."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The majority of wire harnesses used in U.S. manufacturing are made in Mexico and would be impacted if the border is closed.","questions":"How would the U.S. auto industry be impacted if the border is closed? (Answer: \"Wire harnesses\")","answer":"Wire-harnesses"}
{"text":["These processes are difficult, and the negotiations are hard. But the president, to his credit, has decided that this is something he's going to do. He's taken on probably the toughest foreign policy challenge he could find in the world and has decided to make it his own. Now he has to find a way to ensure that the North Koreans and our negotiators return to the table and can pick up the pieces here and try to find a way forward.","Do you think he's leaving mano-a-mano sensitive diplomacy to the past, and he's willing to let lower levels and - or even the secretary of state - ensure that there is some deal?","Well, you have to remember the Singapore summit in June is nearly seven months behind us right now. And I think that Secretary Pompeo and his special envoy have put in a lot of time and a lot of effort. These negotiations, as I noted, are tough. But they're not only tough because of the issues between North Korea and the United States.","They're also tough because of real differences here in the United States about what we can do and what we can accomplish and how it ties to our larger strategy of nonproliferation, nuclear nonproliferation, in the world - but also how it links to our alliance relationships with South Korea and Japan and emerging relationships with China, not to mention Russia, which is one of North Korea's neighbors."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They are not going to a table and picking up pieces but are actually just resuming conversations and trying to fix problems between them.","questions":"Which negotiations are the toughest foreign policy challenge the president has decided to take on?","answer":"NorthKorea"}
{"text":["Germany - you want to look out for Germany. They've won two World Cups, too. But the Germans are having some issues. The reigning FIFA world player of the year, Nadine Kessler, she's out after knee surgery. One of their star midfielders broke her leg. Of course, we can't forget about Japan. Japan are ranked fourth, but they're the reigning World Cup champions. A talented young player to keep an eye on is 20-year-old Asisat Oshoala from Nigeria. She just won the BBC's female footballer of the year award. Not so young as the Brazilian team, but the team. . .","But Marta - they've got Marta.","Exactly, they got Marta. She's the best player in the world - FIFA's footballer of the year five times. She's so good she doesn't need a last name, Scott. She's just Marta.","She could balance of Volkswagen on her foot. She's that good."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"she doesn't need a last name\" - This turn is a metaphorical expression that implies that Marta's reputation and talent are so significant that she is recognizable by just her first name. This statement is not meant to be taken literally.","questions":"Which turn is a metaphorical expression in the dialogue?","answer":"Turn2"}
{"text":["Chop, chop into smallish pieces.","OK.","Then you soften eight ounces of cream cheese, and you blend that with two-thirds of a cup of sour cream, get it all nice and smooth and then you spread that over the minced onion.","And you have the ambulance on speed dial, but yeah. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The implied meaning is to cut the onion into very small pieces.","questions":"Which ingredient does PersonA tell PersonB to spread over the minced onion?","answer":"cream-cheese"}
{"text":["And it's interesting, your book had pictures of the hands of some of the great catchers of those days, gnarled and twisted. Anybody who played catcher could expect to be crippled - their hands - for the rest of their lives.","Exactly. And people would say, you know, I don't know what this guy looks like but just look for a catcher's hands. And as soon as you'll see - you see those hands, you recognize, oh, that's - that must be who it was.","Are there stories about Deacon White?You mentioned he traveled from team to team. I guess he had one fantastic year in Boston. But what kind of a man was he?Do we know?","He was a really high-character man. In a time when baseball had a lot of guys who spent their evenings drinking and carousing, Deacon - he was known as Deacon because he went to church and he was a Sunday school teacher. And family came absolutely first for him."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Deacon White was a man of high moral character who prioritized his family.","questions":"What was Deacon White known for?","answer":"Church"}
{"text":["Hurricane Dorian is pounding the Carolinas. Parts of downtown Charleston are already flooded. It has weakened since it hit the Bahamas as a Category 5 storm. At least 20 people are confirmed dead there, and that number is expected to rise as recovery efforts are just beginning. Parts of the Abaco Islands in the Bahamas are destroyed.","Alex Cepero stayed in the Abacos town of Marsh Harbour, thinking he could ride out the storm with his two dogs, but Hurricane Dorian destroyed his home while he was still inside of it. And I want to warn listeners that this is a wrenching story. Alex, thank you for talking with ALL THINGS CONSIDERED.","You're welcome.","First of all, are you OK?Were you injured or hurt during the storm?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Hurricane Dorian caused extensive damage and loss of life.","questions":"Which storm caused damage and loss of life?","answer":"HurricaneDorian."}
{"text":["So, you know, so I think that all those things have - there's just been a confluence of just, you know, just a cynicism, I think.","So, will Michael Phelps be the person who emerges as the American with the greatest number of gold medals and, you know, sort of the Mark Spitz of the new millennium?","Well, you know, they were kind of hyping that last time, too. And don't be surprised. You might think that, from our standpoint - our meaning the United States and marketing - people would love to say, well, who's the American who's going to kind of put us on the marketing tip?And I think that that's part of the problem, too, Tony, is that we're focus - we want Michael Phelps to win because there's marketing, where - you've got a lot of Chinese swimmers, man, who are just waiting to ambush Phelps. So, on paper, it looks kind of good, but who knows?Allyson Felix may be the American who emerges as sort of the star and the salvation of our hopes over there.","Well, the race with Tyson Gay and - God, I'm kind of blocking on the name of the other runner who's the fastest man in the world at the moment - that ought to be pretty interesting."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A suggests that Michael Phelps winning is not guaranteed and marketing is not the only factor in determining the star athlete.","questions":"How does PersonA describe the Chinese swimmers' potential impact on Michael Phelps' performance?","answer":"Ambush"}
{"text":["Hudson is confident that Broadway Federal Bank won't be harmed by the recent spate of bankruptcies and bailouts. Though the bank specializes in real estate and caters to minority investors, it never got caught up in the subprime mortgage game that has become the downfall of other banks.","In order to play in that game, you had to have large volumes and small margins, which has made mortgages like commodities. So the Countrywides, the WAMUs, the big mortgage companies, you would lose your shirt trying to compete with it. So, really, the small banks had to stand on the sidelines while a lot of money was being made by churning these loans and fees, and people were making huge amounts of money, banks were very profitable, and we weren't able to participate. But now, you know, the kind of like slow and steady feels very good right now.","Now, Hudson says he's starting to get a lot more calls from people who want to put their money in Broadway Federal.","Here's what used to happen in the old days. People would only put 100,000 dollars in Broadway because they knew that was the maximum FDIC insurance. They put a million dollars in Bank of America. They figured, well, I only - because Bank of America only has the same insurance as we do, only a 100,000. So they left 900,000 dollars uninsured because they said, well, that's Bank of America. I'm only worried about Broadway. I'm not worried about Bank of America."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : People tend to trust larger banks more than smaller banks and leave more money uninsured in larger banks.","questions":"Which banks do people tend to leave more money uninsured in?","answer":"Larger"}
{"text":["Billions of dollars have been spent on trying to create this technology, and only now are we just starting to see batteries alongside solar and wind farms. Do you think this problem can be cracked?And if so, how soon?","Well, in some parts of the U. S. , for example, where solar electricity is already very predictable - in the Southwest, for example - the cost of lithium-ion batteries is already at a point where the combination of solar - generation solar panels and lithium-ion batteries can produce reliable electricity at a cost below that of our conventional fossil-fuel-generated electricity.","But the issue is that not all of the U. S. , and certainly not all of the world, has that level of predictability. That's where the problem becomes much harder.","I know the cost has been prohibitive for a long time, and it's been coming down recently. When do you think this technology will actually be reasonably affordable in a lot of places?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : can be cracked meaning the problem can be looked into and a solution found for it","questions":"What has been the cost of lithium-ion batteries in some parts of the U.S.?","answer":"Prohibitive"}
{"text":["And tell us a bit about the ocean bed.","It's a bit rockier than the Rockies. It's that sort of terrain. The location they're looking at is at the foot of a huge mountain. That mountain rises about three and a half kilometers. That's about two miles up from the sea floor. So it's on a really quite steep terrain. We don't know whether the seabed there is muddy, silty - in which case things can sink into the seabed - or whether it's rocky. We've got better maps of the moon's surface for this area than we do of the seabed itself. So, you know, if someone said to you, this is on the moon, we could tell you what the terrain was like. We don't really know what it's like here. We don't have detailed maps.","I have a lot of respect for the Royal Australian Navy, but has anybody ever been able to pick up something this deep in the ocean before?","The technology is there, but it's rare. And there isn't - there aren't that many vehicles that can operate at these sorts of depths."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In turn (4), the speaker is not simply talking about the rarity of technology or vehicles that can operate at great depths in the ocean. The implied meaning is that it would be difficult for anyone to locate something as deep as the object they are discussing. This is because the technology is rare and not readily available.In turn (4), the speaker is not simply talking about the rarity of technology or vehicles that can operate at great depths in the ocean. The implied meaning is that it would be difficult for anyone to locate something as deep as the object they are discussing. This is because the technology is rare and not readily available.","questions":"How does the speaker imply the difficulty of locating something as deep as the object they are discussing?","answer":"Difficulty"}
{"text":["Yes, I do think they are well-matched traveling companions. In that both of them bend but nobody really breaks. And so, even though Jack is certainly the student, and she is the mentor, there are times when Jack has the upper hand and he has the better humor. And that, almost off-camera, he can make an aside to the reader. You know, like, she's getting a little bit ditzy right now, so hang on to your hat.","We're - to use one of your phrases, were you a fringy kid?","Yes, I was definitely a fringy kid. I moved a lot as a kid, I went to 10 schools in 12 grades. And so, I was one of those kids that was a permanent wallflower, you know, I'd go I'd hang back and I would observe, and I would sort of be on the fringe. But then I realized that I liked the fringe because the fringe gave me the flexibility to appear or disappear, which I found to be very helpful.","And painful or, at least, vexing as it can be to be a fringy kid. With the advantage of hindsight, is it part of what made you a writer?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) B: \"And painful or, at least, vexing as it can be to be a fringy kid. With the advantage of hindsight, is it part of what made you a writer?\"  The literal meaning of this turn would suggest that being a \"fringy kid\" caused physical pain or discomfort. However, the implied meaning is that feeling like an outsider or a misfit can be emotionally difficult, and that this experience may have contributed to the speaker's development as a writer.","questions":"Which word in PersonB's turn 3 suggests that feeling like an outsider or a misfit can be emotionally difficult?","answer":"Vexing"}
{"text":["O. J. Simpson denied bail and a judge sentencing him to 15 years in prison for his armed robbery, kidnapping, and assault convictions. Is it just our imagination or are we seeing more black faces in the fashion magazines these days?Could we call it the Michelle Obama effect?And the Grammy nominations went primetime this year. Could the star-studded event lure viewers back to watch the awards?Here to get us up to speed on all of that and more is Allison Samuels, a national correspondent for Newsweek magazine. Allison, always a pleasure.","Thank you.","So, O. J. , O. J. , O. J. - 15 years. What do you say?","I say that I think this is a moment for history, because so many people felt that he got off the last time that I think a lot of people feel like this is just sort of the circle, you know, just sort of a coming back around.","You know- well. It's hard to come up with the right words isn't it.","Yeah, it is. And to see him earlier this morning crying, you know, pleading, sort of apologizing for everything that happened, it just really did take you back to, you know, 10 or 15 years ago or 13 years, I think, when he was actually acquitted. And you know, he seemed certainly sorrowful, but I just think, you know, America has just been listening and living with this guy for so long that they're sort of tired of him. I don't think he has that same type of sympathy that he got the last time, particularly from the African-American community."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 5 : \"Living with this guy\" is not literal. The meaning is that he has been in the news - as an athlete, then a defendant - for a really long time.","questions":"How has O.J. Simpson been experienced by America?","answer":"GOOD"}
{"text":["Back-and-forth, funny lines, that sort of thing. So it was quite clear what that was. And also accompanying that were three videotapes, one of which was of Governor Bush doing a Tim Russert-style interview in his shorts. I watched that for a few seconds, and I realized I shouldn't be having these materials. And so right after that, I called up our campaign manager, and I said, we've got some problems here. I've gotten stolen materials. And my lawyer came not long after that, and we decided that we needed to turn those materials over to the FBI.","Not just the FBI, also the press, right?You guys sought sort of transparency in this.","Yeah, well, we issued a very noble-sounding press release recusing myself from that. But we didn't disclose any of the materials. That actually - they left my office at about 1 o'clock. The FBI came over to interview me, oddly, that day, and I had found myself in an odd position of explaining to the agents why this was a crime. They were unfamiliar with it. And they didn't realize that these debate materials were probably some of the most valuable things in the United States at the time. And eventually Louis Freeh became the agent of record. He was the FBI director.","I want to follow up on that point because while you acted out of an abundance of caution, President Trump was considerably more nonchalant, let's say, about the idea of receiving dirt on an opponent. Were you surprised when you heard his comments?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The FBI agents were unaware that the debate materials were valuable","questions":"Which materials were considered some of the most valuable things in the United States at the time?","answer":"Debate"}
{"text":["The auto industry is perhaps the most prevalent of family businesses in Michigan. It's not uncommon for several generations of a family to work with the same carmaker. Alex Marinica is a junior at Wayne State University in Detroit. His father spent 20 years working for Chrysler. Alex, your dad recently took a buyout from Chrysler. What was behind his decision?","Well, I mean, obviously, it was a very hard decision to make. He'd been at the company for many, many years, and he really, really love working there. He thought maybe it was time to move on to some other things.","If you don't mind my asking about your career aspirations. . .","Sure."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The auto industry is dominated by family businesses in Michigan, and it's common for multiple generations of the same family to work for the same carmaker. (Literal meaning: The auto industry is just one of many types of family businesses in Michigan.)","questions":"How prevalent are family businesses in the auto industry in Michigan?","answer":"Prevalent"}
{"text":["DR.  MEENAKSHI WADHWA: Thanks, Ira.","Let's talk about your collection. How did you get a collection?","So, this is actually part of a great story too. There's a really famous collector, an Arizonan, Harvey Nininger, who had this wonderful collection. He is probably the person who I would say was responsible for bringing up the science of meteorites to the United States. And he had this great passion for meteorites. Actually, in the natural world in general but a great passion for collecting these space rocks. And he did this in the 1930s and '40s, and he had this wonderful collection, probably the best in the world.","And towards the late 1950s, he actually sold - he was basically deciding what to do with it and wanted it to have a life beyond his at some point and he sold half of it to the British Museum.","Wow."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : life beyond his means that something lasts beyond his lifespan","questions":"What was Nininger's reason for selling half of his collection?","answer":"viewable"}
{"text":["Basically, they give you a lot of freedom. They don't get in your way. The editors encourage in-depth investigative work. They like to hold public officials accountable. They're also willing to go to bat if you need legal help, if you're trying to get records or things like that.","So would you advise young reporters to do what you have done and stick with a local news organization for a decent amount of time?","Yeah. I think at least a year. Sometimes two years is a good point to kind of reconsider your options. We thought that we were just going to be here for a year, but this paper has a history of crusading investigative reporting, strong local journalism. Our late publisher Ned Chilton coined this phrase called sustained outrage, and that's sort of hammering away at an injustice until it's righted.","People who can manage to stay mad for a long time."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Ned Chilton coined this phrase called 'sustained outrage', which means to keep pushing for justice until it is achieved.","questions":"How did Ned Chilton describe the newspaper's approach to investigative reporting?","answer":"outrage"}
{"text":["Yeah.","And, you know, that's OK.  We don't have to approve of every facet of an artist's life to find their work interesting or significant, but the context does change.","What does that mean for us as viewers?Does it mean that we should stop watching these movies?","Everybody has to make their own choice in that regard. But for me, I look at these things in a purely selfish way, like as a viewer, which is how much extra dramatic information is getting in the way of my enjoying this work. And am I really thinking about the work when I watch it?Or am I thinking about the person who made it and disliking them or just being upset about them in some way?And if the answer's the latter, I probably don't want to watch that anymore.","I want to look at Louis C. K. , in particular. You know, his comedy, actually, was often celebrated because it seemed to address men and their foibles. What did you think of his comedy?And what do you think now?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"the context does change\" - The literal meaning of this turn is the statement itself, indicating that the context of an artist's life affects how their work is perceived. The actual meaning is that the context of an artist's life should be taken into account when evaluating their work, even if it does not necessarily diminish its value.","questions":"What aspect of an artist's life should be considered when evaluating their work, according to the statement?","answer":"Context"}
{"text":["Thanks. Good to be with you.","So you start your book by talking about a conversation you had with your young son. Tell us about what prompted that.","Well, he was 7 years old. He got in the car, put his seatbelt on, and he said to me, Mom, do you know what a hooker and a stripper are?And I was a little bit floored because I had been pretty much the mother from hell in terms of making sure that I knew everything he had ever seen, and I was the one that was acculturating my children. I wasn't having the media do it, and what the story turned out to be is he'd been at the playground that day and a bunch of boys had been talking about a video game that one of them had been playing. He told me that, Mom, you know, if you kill enough people, you get to go into a room where a lady takes off her top. That's what a stripper is. And if you kill more people and you get to a higher level of the game, you get to go into a room where a lady takes off all her clothes. That's what a hooker is. Well, needless to say, I was really floored because without anything coming from me or the home, he already had in his mind a connection between violence and killing and sexuality.","So what did you do?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The mother was surprised that her 7-year-old son already knew about the terms 'hooker' and 'stripper' and their connection to violence and sexuality without her teaching him.","questions":"How was the mother's reaction to her son's knowledge of the terms 'hooker' and 'stripper'?","answer":"Floored"}
{"text":["Congressman, welcome. Thank you so much for talking to us.","Thank you so much.","So the State Department put out a joint statement last night. It said in part that - I'm quoting here - \"Mexico will take unprecedented steps to increase enforcement to curb irregular migration\" - end quote. And those steps include deploying its National Guard to Mexico's southern border. So what other actions does the U. S.  expect Mexico to take?","Well, let's keep in mind that Mexico right now is stopping about 250,000 people a year on the southern border. That is, they hold them, and they deport them back on the southern border. So that's a quarter of a million people that would be coming to the United States.","You know, I assume they're going to hopefully stop some of those buses where they have people coming in from the southern border, and they get quickly to the United States, or if it's a caravan walking that they will start dispersing those caravans. And I've heard that in the last couple of days, that is what they're doing. They're holding people more in the southern border. And I think that's one way they're going to be helping the U. S."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : Mexico will start dispersing caravans and holding people more at the southern border to help the US.","questions":"Which country is deploying its National Guard to its southern border to help curb irregular migration, according to the State Department's joint statement mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Mexico"}
{"text":["What in this agreement makes it better in your perspective?Because you did say that there was something in it that was, so tell me one thing.","There are. The labor chapter itself is better. However, if you can't enforce the labor chapter, it is meaningless. And so we're trying to get the enforcement on three different levels that I outlined earlier.","So what's your message to Democrats here?I mean, the issue is, so far, the administration has been trying to work with the Democrats. I mean, the trade chief, for example, the U. S.  trade representative, Robert Lighthizer, has been working with Democrats to hear their concerns about it. I mean, and House Speaker Nancy Pelosi has appointed nine House Democrats to committees to negotiate these sort of - these changes.","But there is this some sense that, you know, the administration - others in the administration would like to fast-track it. There is a mechanism for doing that. I mean, do you have a specific message to Democrats?Because, as you know, with such a large - particularly with such a large presidential field, you've got all kinds of different opinions about international trade in that group. Do you know what I mean?So do you have a specific message to them about how to - you would like to see them proceed?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : What is your message to Democrats about how to proceed with negotiating the trade agreement?","questions":"Which chapter is highlighted by PersonA as the better part of the agreement?","answer":"Labor"}
{"text":["Yeah, they weren't the sharpest.","All right, so now tell us about the most powerful horse in history. And this, as I understand it, goes all the way back to Roman times?","Right. This was, I think, the most politically influential horse. So it was proudly Incitatus, which is the horse of the Roman emperor Caligula. And according to historians of the time, his stable was made of marble, he had a collar of gemstones and his meals were oats mixed with gold flakes. And senators were forced to dine with him. And according to legend, Caligula planned to appoint him counsel before the emperor was assassinated. So it's almost as bizarre as the 2016 United States presidential election.","(Laughter) A. J. , I have to say, at least when it comes to horse racing, you got your money out of reading that Encyclopedia Britannica.","(Laughter)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (Laughter) A.J., I have to say, at least when it comes to horse racing, you got your money out of reading that Encyclopedia Britannica.  Implicated meaning: B is using figurative language to convey that A.J. gained a lot of valuable knowledge or useful information about horse racing by reading the Encyclopedia Britannica. It suggests that A.J.'s extensive reading paid off in terms of his understanding of the topic, rather than implying he literally received money.  (5) A: (Laughter)","questions":"How did PersonB feel about A.J.'s knowledge on horse racing?","answer":"Valuable"}
{"text":["Well, I think everybody knew something was coming. I did not have specific knowledge of the timing or the nature of the strike. But - so there may have been notification to the speaker and the majority leader but not to Congress generally.","Do you feel that Congress should have had a chance to weigh in?","I think it's very important to distinguish what the strike was and what it wasn't. It was specifically narrowly focused on chemical weapons and chemical weapons production. That's been out of bounds in military years for over a hundred years with a few exceptions. Had it been a more general strike on the Assad regime, an attempt to change the calculus in the civil war, I believe that would have definitely required congressional approval. But I think the narrow strike to maintain the principle that countries around the world have recognized for so long that chemical weapons are out of bounds, I don't think that was a case where congressional approval was necessary in advance. But had it been a different kind of strike with broader implications, I'm one of those - along with a group of others in the Senate - who strongly believe there needs to be congressional approval.","Well, let me ask - I assume the president would have won that vote, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Out of bounds implies it's not allowed to happen","questions":"Which principle did the narrow strike aim to maintain?","answer":"Recognition"}
{"text":["Right. We should mention that Purdue Pharma agreed back in March to pay - I think it was 270 million and settle claims and avoid having to go to a trial like the one you've been sitting in on today.","Correct.","So to focus on Johnson & Johnson's role, I wasn't even aware that they manufactured opioid painkillers. What are the products under scrutiny at this trial?","Yeah, so it's interesting. There's actually two separate businesses that they're looking at from the company. The first is that they actually owned two businesses that they sold by 2016 that processed Tasmanian poppies into narcotic raw materials. And then they also had a company that turned those into active pharmaceutical ingredients that they used, I believe, for their own drugs as well as other companies."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Johnson & Johnson's involvement in opioids was surprising.","questions":"How many businesses of Johnson & Johnson are under scrutiny at the trial?","answer":"two"}
{"text":["Conceivably they can, if there is an issue or something that's hanging fire that is of tremendous interest to the voters. I don't think Troopergate up in Alaska has ever really captured the voters' imagination. There are some people who have been following it closely, there was one determination by the legislative committee that was looking at it, now we have a somewhat different one from the executive committee. I don't think the election has been about Troopergate.","As for the death of Senator Obama's grandmother, certainly that is a tragic timing of this event, if in fact Barack Obama were to be elected president tonight, for his grandmother to have died just one day shy of having witnessed this, would be sad indeed. But whether that is going to change people's votes again, I think is unlikely.","Well Ron, we look forward to talking to you as the result unfold and we continue our coverage.","Indeed we will."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Hanging fire\" is an expression meaning to delay. Here, the issue is whether there's some issue that hasn't had an impact on the vote, but will do so before Election Day.","questions":"What is the meaning of \"hanging fire\" in turn 0?","answer":"Delay"}
{"text":["My pleasure.","Could you just tell us what the weather is like right now?","Well, currently, it's been blue day. I mean, we've had some bands of rain come through from time to time, but it's a nice day. The water is calm. It's clouding up a little bit.","Do you have any guests at the resort at the moment?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : blue day implies a rainy and cloudy day. ","questions":"What color describes the weather today?","answer":"Blue."}
{"text":["What does she say - the captain?Does she say, I was just - I needed to dock the ship?","She said, I was respecting international law. And in fact, there are many constitutional experts here in Italy - also say that the decree is in violation of Italy's constitution and its treaties on international law, the U. N.  convention on asylum and on the right of anybody to come into a country and ask for asylum.","Now, issues of immigration and migrants, how to handle them - this has been front and center in Italy for years. How are Italians reacting to this case?How do they view the captain - what she was trying to do here?","Well, the reactions are as polarized as the country is, and she's a symbol of the divisions over the government's anti-migrant policies. Many on the center-left treat her as a heroine, while Salvini has called her a pirate and an outlaw. The media's dubbed this the battle of the two captains - Captain Rackete of the Sea-Watch and Salvini, who's known to his populist followers as il capitano."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : when something is front and center in this context it means its out in the open, or some type of problem everyone notices","questions":"How do Italians view the captain in this case?","answer":"heroine"}
{"text":["The global economy is facing some risk right now, according to a leading woman in finance. We specify Christine Lagarde's gender because the managing director of the International Monetary Fund is among the most prominent women in a male-dominated industry. And gender is very much on her mind on this International Women's Day.","She's been suggesting the world would be a very different place if women played more leading roles in banking. Madam Lagarde has consistently said that had more women been in charge of the major banks, the financial crisis of 2008 might have been avoided. She's now studying risks to the economy, and that is where we began our conversation.","There are risks. It's coming from various corners of the world, this sort of downward trend that we're seeing. One is you have the euro area numbers, in particular, combination of the Brexit uncertainty and the trade concerns but also particular matters affecting, for instance, the automobile industry in Germany or the uncertainty over the Italian budget or the protests in the streets of my home country.","But you're also seeing some countries that have gone down for other reasons. Think of Argentina, which has faced a major crisis. Think of Iran, for instance, which have been revised downwards - big way. Think of Venezuela, which is contracting massively. So those are, you know, sort of, the particular countries that are going to contribute to that declining growth in 2019 and in 2020."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  (2) Madam Lagarde has consistently said that had more women been in charge of the major banks, the financial crisis of 2008 might have been avoided. - This turn implies that if more women had been in charge of the major banks, the financial crisis of 2008 might have been avoided.","questions":"What suggestion has Madam Lagarde consistently made regarding the major banks and the financial crisis of 2008?","answer":"Consistently"}
{"text":["But what he did is he went out and explained the policy to the public and rationalized it, basically provided the sort of intellectual underpinnings for Greenspan's policies in two important areas. One, that they shouldn't target speculative bubbles, so that justified not doing anything about the housing market. And two, arguing that there was what they referred to as a global savings glut, which justified a big spending binge in the United States.","The argument was that China doesn't spend enough. The rest of Asia doesn't spend enough. If the world economy is not going to go into recession, it's up to the American consumer to keep demand up. So we shouldn't worry too much if American saving rates is zero and America's on a spending binge.","In retrospect, both of those arguments, you know, seem to be if not completely wrong, certainly very questionable given where they got us. And Bernanke, you know, played an important role in coming up with them. So sure, he's partly responsible for the Greenspan policies. But not totally, as I say. Greenspan was the senior policy maker.","Now in retrospect, it was just a few months ago, but still it seems like a long time ago. A lot of people are saying that the decision that Bernanke and Paulson made to let Lehman Brothers fail was really key because that really led to the credit markets freezing up. And so, why did Bernanke, why did he decide to let Lehman go under?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The decision to let Lehman Brothers fail was a key factor in the credit market freeze","questions":"How was the credit market affected by the decision to let Lehman Brothers fail?","answer":"Freeze"}
{"text":["Well, the highlight of the tour was going inside the number four reactor, where they're in the process of removing spent and unused fuel rods. And they were trying to show me and trying to show the public, first of all, that they've reinforced the whole structure against any further earthquakes or tsunamis, that they are safely removing the fuel rods that are in there, and that they are trying to block contaminated water from flowing from the mountains through the plant and into the Pacific.","Did you see the other reactors?","The crucial ones I could not go into, and reactors one through three suffered partial meltdowns. And as a result, there is so much radiation in there that they cannot send people in there to look. They have to use robots and remote cameras to try to find out what's going on. But they still don't know exactly how bad the damage is from those partial meltdowns. They're not going to start dealing with that part of the thing until 2020, and the whole process of shutting down the plant could take 30 or 40 years, by TEPCO's estimates.","And what problems have they been having just recently even in the clean-up?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : This turn implies that the speaker is asking for more information about the tour.","questions":"Which number reactor did PersonA go inside during the tour?","answer":"Four"}
{"text":["You know, we don't do a lot of cookbooks on this show. Hugh Acheson's latest cookbook fits right in. It doesn't show much cooking. The chef is shown reading in a lawn chair, taking a hot bath, even playing the cello - at least holding the bow over one.","It's a book about what you can cook - if that's quite the word - while you do something else, even for hours. \"The Chef And The Slow Cooker\" is by Hugh Acheson, the acclaimed Canadian Southern chef who owns big-name restaurants in Georgia and is a judge on \"Top Chef. \"He joins us from WABE in Atlanta.","Chef, thanks so much for being with us.","It's great to be here, Scott."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : It's great to be here, Scott. Implicated meaning: The speaker is expressing enthusiasm and gratitude for being present in the current situation or location, likely in a broadcast or interview setting. The statement is not solely focused on the physical act of being in the specific place mentioned.","questions":"Which emotion does the speaker convey in turn 3?","answer":"Enthusiasm"}
{"text":["So you have companies like Altria, a tobacco giant, that sent four representatives right in the middle of this decision-making process. Altria, several years later, went on to buy a 35% stake in the company Juul, which was the most popular e-cigarette among teens. So you certainly see representation from the tobacco companies showing up at the Office of Management and Budget during this time frame.","Can I just clarify that, 'cause I think many people might find it curious that the tobacco companies were involved here because I think a lot of people have the impression that e-cigarettes are an alternative to tobacco products?I mean, the whole point was to get people to stop using tobacco products. That's not true?","Very interesting point that you make. And that's a question that many federal officials are trying to get to the bottom of right now. Even in Congress, Senator Durbin is on top of this issue. You've seen companies like Juul arguing that they are an alternative to tobacco, that they're even a safe alternative to tobacco. But, of course, giant tobacco companies have a large stake in the company. So a lot of people are wondering the same thing you're wondering - how can that be?","So when you approached former Obama administration officials to ask them what happened there, what did they say?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Altria is an extremely large tobacco company that sent representatives.","questions":"What company sent representatives, according to turn 0?","answer":"Altria"}
{"text":["(Soundbite of song \"St.  James Infirmary\"):","(Singing) I've been down to St.  James infirmary And saw my baby lying there. He was stretched out on a long white pillow. So sweet. So cold. So fair.","Let him go, let him go. God bless him. Wherever he may be. He can look this whole wide world over. And never find a sweet girl like me.","You have done so many different types of music. You have done the Monkeys, you know. What's coming up next for you?I don't know if you've already started work on another album or thought about it, but what direction do you think you're heading in next?"],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is singing about a dead person at a funeral","questions":"What was the color of the pillow the PersonA's baby was lying on at St. James infirmary?","answer":"White"}
{"text":["Well, you know, this is having a lot of different effects. So you know, some of the students have been expelled. Their admissions have been revoked. Some of the coaches have been fired. They face charges - athletic coaches who were involved in misrepresenting people as being recruits. And of course the legal cases are going to continue to unfold.","But I'm also interested in how it's unfolding in the broader culture at large. You know, whether you look at things like - we had a big debate last year about Harvard and affirmative action. And these conversations about things like legacy admissions are really bringing us to a broader conversation about, what do these elite colleges really offer?You know, the fact that they have nonprofit status - are they really serving the public, or are they just acting in a way that's really inflating their own bottom line and their own brands?","And so I think there's a broader conversation about, are there better ways to have admissions?And can we define excellence in education some other way other than, you know, something that's really expensive and only lets in about 5 percent of people who get to apply?","And for all that conversation, just in our last 30 seconds or so, do you see signs of systemic change coming?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The underlying implications are that elite colleges are more concerned about their own bottom line and reputation than actually providing access to higher education for all.","questions":"How can the behavior of elite colleges be described according to turn 2?","answer":"Profit"}
{"text":["So we shall see.","But I have learned a new phrase - brass-necked. Our own brass-necked Melissa Block is covering the World Cup.","(Laughter) I'm not sure if that's a compliment, Steve. But thanks.","I don't know. If it means tough, if it means on top of things, it is you, Melissa. Own it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Melissa Block is brave or daring. (referring to the phrase 'brass-necked')","questions":"Which word describes Melissa Block according to the new phrase mentioned by B?","answer":"Brave"}
{"text":["Yeah, it did. And when I left, I was so angry at them because I didn't understand. And it wasn't until many years later for me to be able to see where they're coming from.","(Singing) Times have really, really changed, changed.","It feels like the song \"Rebel\" is a little bit about you, too.","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The times have changed a lot in society and it is noticeable.","questions":"What song does PersonB mention that they think is related to A?","answer":"Rebel"}
{"text":["Jay Austin and Lauren Geoghegan were both 29. For years, they worked desk jobs in Washington, D. C.  - Lauren at the admissions office at Georgetown University, Jay at the Department of Housing and Urban Development. In their travel blog, they wrote that they wanted to live life on simpler, more deliberate terms and see the globe in an inexpensive, sustainable and gratifying way. They wanted to bike it. Back in 2015, Jay Austin showed an NPR reporter around his house as part of a feature on the tiny house movement.","That's the parlor over there, seating for about seven or so, two couches.","All 143 square feet of it. Jay Austin believed in tiny homes.","I think it's really been great to have kind of not a very complex, not a very expensive space but to have the ability to have easy access to nature. If I am feeling like I have cabin fever, I open my front door."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The parlor is small despite seating for seven.","questions":"What did Jay Austin believe in?","answer":"Tiny-homes"}
{"text":["(Singing) Saw my father in a dream last night. He was smiling and saying you're going to be all right. And this morning I stared back at myself, feeling as empty as I've ever felt. But I keep on rolling, and I hope I've learned more of what's right than what's wrong. It's ashes and roses and time that burns when you're chasing what's already gone. Ashes and roses and hearts that break. I tried so hard to be strong. But maybe my worst but not my first mistake. Chasing what's already gone. Mm-hmm. Hey, hey, hey, hey, hey, hey. Chasing what's already gone.","Thank you.","Mary Chasing - Mary Chapin Carpenter, \"Chasing What's Already Gone. \"She is good on guitar but she is not that good. She had some help from John Jennings, who's also with us here in the studio.","And I have to - that line, saw my father in a dream last night, smiling and saying, you're going to be all right. It seems like that must have been one of those events, his death, that you think you have to write about and you sit there and think, oh, God, what am I going to say?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker is reflecting on their mistakes and hoping to learn from them.","questions":"How was the speaker feeling in the morning?","answer":"Empty"}
{"text":["Right. You have this really shocking statistic in your article where you say that personal consumption amounts to 70 percent of the American economy.","Yeah, that's right. Basically, we are the engine of our own economy. And for far too long apparently, we've just been swiping our Visa cards willy nilly and pumping up this economy. The worry is that when we stop doing that, which is what's happening, our economy is going to sag.","So you went out to see if it was sagging. You went to the Mall of America. What did you find?","The most ambitious mall in the United States, the mall that is doing the most to put you in the fugue state that allows you to spend. They're up against it at the Mall of America. What I found was a lot of people who weren't shopping all that much and a lot of people that were counting their pennies in a way that they never had before."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Personal consumption is the key driver of the American economy, and if people stop consuming, the economy will suffer.","questions":"What is the main concern about the American economy if people stop consuming?","answer":"decline"}
{"text":["And what's your percentage normally?","Normally, it's around 65 to 70 percent in practice.","It's a little easier when nobody is guarding.","Yeah, a little bit."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It is easier to do something when there are no obstacles (guards) around.","questions":"Which turn suggests that there are no obstacles to something being done?","answer":"Turn-2"}
{"text":["How did it change me to lose a parent?","Yeah.","Do you have both your parents?","Nope."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Losing a parent can have a profound impact on someone's life.","questions":"How did losing a parent affect A?","answer":"Profoundly"}
{"text":["As a matter of fact, I thought about conducting 10 years before I even started to practice it or to study it. But the interesting thing is that I didn't want to do it with just one community. I wanted to bring a lot of communities together. So of course it incubated in the jazz community and the free-music community, but I realized that if non-improvisers wanted to do this, I could incorporate all of them into an ensemble.","What do you think about jazz, some would say, it's lost a lot of its base African-American audience, but it started out with roots in the black experience. Do you think conduction relates to that continuation of the black experience?","Well certainly. I think - well, how can I phrase this?What I'd like to see is that more of the institutions that are dealing with black study, black-American music, get hip to everything that's not on the radio rather than what is on the radio. I don't know, this could be elaborated on for the next two hours.","We're going to have to catch up with you then, Butch."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"We're going to have to catch up with you then, Butch.\"  The literal meaning is that the speaker will need to catch up with Butch at a later time. The implied meaning is that the speaker is acknowledging Butch's expertise or knowledge in the topic being discussed and may need to learn more from them in the future.","questions":"How did the speaker respond to Butch's statement?","answer":"Acknowledging"}
{"text":["It's necessary because of the drop in consumption.","When the government is spending over $150 billion on a stimulus bill like this, will that have a long run effect on how every person gets a check has to pay out their taxes in the future, has to deal with the realities of how much service the federal government can give in the future?I mean, will there be a sort of back-end re-tax for people who might get a cut in the short run?","I wouldn't put it that way. The problem is in the short run will people be much worse off and will they be able to recover from that?Because during a recession it's not unusual for families to lose two or three percent of their income. So the issue is do you want to lose that two or three percent because in the future you don't want to get a tiny tax increase to balance the budget.","So I think you have to think about what's the potential loss in income, which can be huge if we have a severe recession, or even a mild recession like the one we had in 2001."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"put it that way\" - This phrase is an idiom that means to express something in a different or less direct way. In this context, it implies that A disagrees with the way B phrased his question and wants to clarify the issue.","questions":"Which idiom does turn 2 represent?","answer":"Put"}
{"text":["Really, the link is, you know, if you strip away the neuroses, maybe. You know what I'm saying?I spend all day being other people - literally transforming. You know, for a book to function, it's not - I can tell the difference between realities. But it has to be a functioning reality. The character has to be real. And I imagine that's exactly what happens for a spy who was, you know, in deep cover.","I just think, yes, I wouldn't make it for a second if I had to do it in front of another person. So if you take the privacy of the room away, maybe that's the link. It's about inhabiting other realities in a convincing - beyond convincing. It has to be more than that. It has to be real for the person.","Nathan Englander, his book \"Dinner At The Center Of The Earth. \"Thanks so much for being with us.","Oh, truly, thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : In turn 1, the speaker is implying that they have an understanding of what it is like to be a spy, as they spend their day transforming into other people, and they must make their character and reality believable.","questions":"How does the speaker describe their job?","answer":"Acting"}
{"text":["Do the findings differ according to what you majored in or, you know, engineering versus philosophy?","It did. For example, if you look at in the middle of the career of someone, say, 15 years out after graduation, the typical earnings of an engineer is pretty close to $100,000 a year. The same is true of my field of economics. But if you were to go to teaching or social work, the figure is more likely $50,000 a year.","Dr.  Vedder, without getting you into trouble, you're a professor of economics. Does this lead you to ever tell your students you're wasting your money here?","Well, you've asked a delicate question, Scott, but I am at the age where I am tenured and semi-retired, so I guess I can say anything I want. I've tried to be honest with my students and I tell my students that there are risks in anything one does in life and any kind of investment one makes in life. And colleges are subject to the same kind of risks that investing in, say, stocks and bonds. Part of the risk, of course, is that 45 percent of those who enter college don't graduate within six years. And students who think they can major in social work then go get a fancy job and then live in an upper middle-class suburb are perhaps living a life that's devoid of much reality these days. And so I point this out to them. I don't tell them don't go to college, but I tell them there are risks associated with it and be cautious about piling up a lot of debt."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The findings are likely to vary depending on what field of study you have chosen, such as engineering or philosophy.","questions":"What is the typical earning of an engineer 15 years out after graduation?","answer":"$100,000."}
{"text":["We don't know what, if anything, he has told the investigators thus far. But we do know, as we suggested earlier, a lot of the questions. For example, where did the guns come from?Where did the explosives come from?And where did the money for those things come from?","Well, first of all, if he is coming in and out of consciousness - which is what we understand is going on right now, in the hospital room - they really can't question him. He has to be sort of sitting up and reasonably aware of what's going on. Now, this had happened in the Abdulmutallab case, in 2009. That's the young man from Nigeria who was on Flight 253, going over Detroit, and he was wearing an underwear bomb.","And for the first 50 minutes - five, zero minutes - that he was in custody, they questioned him without Mirandizing him because they wanted to know if this is part of a broader plot. But then they Mirandized him. . .","Were there other bombs on other planes?Yes."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : 1. B implies that they know more than what they have revealed about the investigation so far. 2. A implies that there was a delay in Mirandizing the suspect in the Abdulmutallab case because they wanted to gather more information.  B implies that there were other bombs on other planes.","questions":"What was the reason for delaying Mirandizing the suspect in the Abdulmutallab case?","answer":"Plot"}
{"text":["Last night, Portland, playing in front of its raucus, loyal crowd missed all four of its long-range jump shots in overtime after hitting a bunch earlier in the game. Pressure?Well, pressure can tighten muscles and can wreak havoc on long-range shooting.","And I - look, I'll just say I, you know, I traveled with the Chicago Bulls a few years ago while writing a book. A lot of those guys prefer to play on the roads 'cause they said they didn't have to worry about arranging tickets for their third-grader's teacher - you know?- or driving their Land Rover through rush-hour traffic from the suburbs to get to the game. They can isolate and concentrate on the road.","Absolutely.","Look, next season the NBA's going to have to wait around for the Harrison twins - aren't they?- from the University of Kentucky?They announced they're coming back. What's going on - they want to stay in school?What'll they learn there?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker's use of a particular intonation or emphasis on certain words may suggest that they are being sarcastic or insincere, even if their words appear to be genuine.","questions":"Which word in the dialogue may suggest that the speaker is being insincere or sarcastic?","answer":"None"}
{"text":["Absolutely. This is probably one of the most consequential elections in Israel in the last 10 years, since Netanyahu has been in power.","Daniel, thanks so much.","You're welcome.","That's NPR's Daniel Estrin."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : none","questions":"What is the name of the person being thanked by PersonB in turn 1 of the dialogue?","answer":"Daniel"}
{"text":["Now let's turn to West Africa. For more than a decade, Liberia has been struggling to recover from civil war. It has a female head of state now, and it also has big supporters in the U. S.  One of them is Bob Johnson, who founded and later sold Black Entertainment Television. Now he's building a four-star beachfront resort near Liberia's capital, Monrovia. Bob Johnson recently told me why he decided to invest millions of dollars in Liberia's economy.","It's part of a commitment I made to President Johnson Sirleaf and the people of Liberia, to help Liberia recover from some 13, 14 years of civil war. And it came about as a result of my participation, as well as President Sirleaf's participation in President Clinton's global initiative that he hosts every year in New York. And the charter is, do something, small or large, but do something. And so my something is to help Liberia.","What are we talking about in terms of the kind of money it takes to make this happen?","We are putting in approximately 12 to 13 million dollars in the construction of this hotel and the opening of the hotel, which is scheduled for March of '09. It'll be an 86-room hotel, as I said, situated on the beach, great facility for everybody from government officials and expats who want to go back and visit Liberia, as well as business people who are looking to do business in post-conflict Liberia.","So, do you expect to get a tourist crowd eventually?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Bob Johnson is fulfilling his commitment to Liberia by investing in its economy","questions":"What commitment is Bob Johnson fulfilling in Liberia?","answer":"Investment"}
{"text":["European companies and the European Union recognize that the dominance of the dollar in international trading gives the United States very considerable power. And I believe that the Iran episode is going to be a turning point. It will show Russia, China, India, the European Union the value of building up alternative mechanisms for concluding international trade that do not use the dollar in any shape or form.","So I think the United States is set maybe to use their excessive power on this occasion but, over the long term, to lose power. And I think that's right. It should be my country that decides what is lawful trade with any other country not the United States. And the United States' use of its dominance in international trading is totally intolerable when it seeks to place U. S.  law above the law of my country as to what my businessmen can do.","That's Sir Richard Dalton, former British diplomat now president of the British Iranian Chamber of Commerce. Thank you for speaking with ALL THINGS CONSIDERED.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : US law should not be above the law of other countries in international trade.","questions":"What is the key principle mentioned by PersonA in regards to the United States' dominance in international trading?","answer":"above"}
{"text":["When we say kids, how old are these kids?","We saw kids as young as 10 stealing cars. And the kids we spoke to that were older talked about getting involved around that age, around 10 or 11.","So once they get these cars, what do they do with them?","Well, so that's where the fact that they're juveniles really comes into play. When adults steal cars, it's often about, you know, sending them off to another continent or chopping them up for parts, making money.","When kids steal cars, they keep them on the streets. They're using them as toys. They're seeing how fast they can go - 160 miles per hour on the highway. They're driving the wrong way. They're chasing other friends in other stolen cars. In at least one case, we saw stolen cars used in a drive-by shooting."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is implying that kids are getting involved in stealing cars at a very young age.","questions":"What is the youngest age at which kids are getting involved in stealing cars?","answer":"10"}
{"text":["Well, what he was accused of doing amid a custody battle with his wife, Mia Farrow, was of abusing his young daughter, Dylan, taking her into the attic and sexually molesting her. This had played out because of - there was a scandal that had happened just weeks, months before where Mia Farrow had discovered that Woody Allen had taken nude pictures of her daughter with her former husband, Andre Previn, Soon-Yi.","To whom Mr.  Allen's now married, yeah.","To whom Mr.  Allen has now been married for many years. And that tore the family apart. And so it was this sort of twin scandal, a Greek tragedy if you will, that played out at that time and has had these repercussions ever since.","How did The Hollywood Reporter - the features editor, Stephen Galloway, handle that part of the story?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A 'twin scandal' in this case doesn't speak of any genetic relationship, but two tightly connected situations, as twins are tightly connected familially. ","questions":"How does PersonA describe the scandal involving Woody Allen and his daughter?","answer":"Greek"}
{"text":["Yeah. It's very strange. We are being admonished to go everywhere and spend. And we're also told that spending is what got us into this ditch in the first place. And further, that once we're done spending and get out of the ditch, we really need to stop spending so much and start saving.","So it gets even more confusing because there's going to be some magical moment at which we are to stop shopping and start saving.","Seems like we're in that magical moment, but it's not magical.","(Laughing) No, it's not magical. But I think we're still at the moment where we're supposed to be at spending. And of course, that's not happening."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The advice we receive about spending and saving is contradictory.","questions":"What is the turn 0 about?","answer":"Advice"}
{"text":["There is a level of acceptance for some. So one young woman I met joined the all-women's force after being brutalized by her husband, who was part of ISIS. On the other hand, the women who were foreigners and even the real hardcore last holdouts in the fight against ISIS who are in this town of Baghuz, which had basically an apocalyptic end. They ran out of food. They ran out of water.","And what you see now from the women who were part of that is that all of the crimes of ISIS - you know, enslaving girls, raping women, beheading people on the streets, the hangings - that was not enough really to make them lose confidence in the head of ISIS. But the fact that children whose families belong to ISIS starved to death while leaders had food, that is what's making people very disappointed, very disillusioned, especially the women I've talked to.","Are there people who still support the caliphate despite all that they went through?","Absolutely there are. And in fact, one woman from Egypt I met has four daughters. She was talking about how all they want is to go home, to go back to Egypt, to go back to the parks, to go see relatives. And she said to me, you know, I don't believe in Baghdadi. But I still believe in the caliphate."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : ISIS crimes did not make some women lose confidence","questions":"Which group of women were disappointed with ISIS for letting the children starve to death?","answer":"Women"}
{"text":["The Negro National League's last innings came in 1940s, after Jackie Robinson headed for the big leagues. Kadir Nelson's new book, \"We Are the Ship\" captures black-American baseball at the top of its game. Kadir is an award-winning children's book illustrator. He's collaborated with Will Smith, Spike Lee and Debbie Allen. For \"We Are the Ship,\" he did all of the writing and all of the artwork, and his rich, detailed paintings show Negro-league superstars as if they're posing for the camera or deep in a game of hard ball.","Kadir Nelson joins me now. How are you?","I'm great. Thanks for having me.","So you have done playful children's books. You've illustrated books for young people about historic figures. Tell me about Buck O'Neil."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : joins me now implies to be a part of program or activity and not referring to get attached together ","questions":"What does \"joins\" imply in the context of Kadir Nelson's appearance on the program?","answer":"Involvement"}
{"text":["We are. . .","We are - yeah.","There's something - does that bother you or that we're experimenting on ourselves?","Oh, a little bit, I guess, you know?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"There's something - does that bother you or that we're experimenting on ourselves?\" The literal meaning is that the speaker is asking a direct question about whether the listener is bothered by the fact that they are experimenting on themselves. However, the actual meaning could be interpreted as the speaker expressing their own concerns or doubts about the experimentation.","questions":"How did the PersonA's question in turn 2 convey their own emotions about the experimentation?","answer":"Concerns"}
{"text":["We tried for about two and half years. And I had this fear that with every step we took, we would learn something that it would confirm my fear that I couldn't have a baby.","She struggled with anxiety, but eventually she got pregnant through IVF.","Tell me about that moment when you first saw your daughter Hazel for the first time. I mean, how did that feel?","Oh, my gosh. It was - it was incredible. I mean, first of all, I was in labor for 24 hours."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"She struggled with anxiety, but eventually she got pregnant through IVF.\"  Implicated meaning: The woman experienced anxiety related to her difficulties in conceiving a child, but was eventually able to become pregnant through in vitro fertilization (IVF).","questions":"How was the woman able to get pregnant?","answer":"IVF"}
{"text":["Well, the - there in every single state, and the data changes state by state, but in every single state, there is a huge disproportionality between the number of particularly African-Americans, but also Latino youths, who wind up in high-level facilities, as opposed to Caucasians youth who wind up in high-level facilities.","And by high level you mean the higher security, more. . .","I mean, higher - yes, more intensive, more secure facilities. Ironically, or maybe not so ironically, when you look at high - facilities that have a high-level of treatment, you'll see disproportionally white youth in the high-level of treatment facilities. But from the very first day, when we start with arrests, which I'm sure you're very familiar with, but moving on through the system, there is continuous and increased disproportionality.","That doesn't even deal with the real disproportionality in the system, between families that have assets, and the families that have fewer assets. So, youth in the juvenile justice system are primarily African-Americans and Latinos that are almost entirely low-income youth."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The juvenile justice system disproportionately affects low-income African-American and Latino youths.","questions":"Which groups of youths are primarily affected by the juvenile justice system?","answer":"African-American,Latino"}
{"text":["One of the roles that he may well play is kind of smoothing out the relations between President-elect Obama and his secretary of state to be, Hillary Clinton. The two were once rivals. Can you give an example of how he might go about in mediating, making sure that everything runs smoothly?","Well, I don't think you're going to have to ask that. Senator Hillary Clinton is a real pro. She's a great American. And she will know and understand her role. I just have no qualms about their needing any mediation whatsoever, and I don't think Jim Jones or anyone else will have to do it.","Can you give an example, politics aside, business aside, maybe of a time that you two shared together that just gave you a sense of what he was like?","We made a trip, as I recall, to the Balkans a good number of years ago when he was a one star general, and just sitting with and listening to him tell about the intricacies of situations there. He has a good handle on the problems that that faces."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Despite their past rivalry, Jim Jones may be needed to help smooth relations between Obama and Clinton","questions":"How might Jim Jones be involved in the relationship between Obama and Clinton?","answer":"Mediating"}
{"text":["I have been late. Now I'm right on time. And I make mistakes, but at least they're mine. I'd sign my life away on a dotted line Just to get the love I deserve. . .","That's News & Notes. Glad you could join us. Nicole Childers, Christabel Nsiah-Buadi and Geoffrey Bennett produced the show. Sasa Woodruff is the editor. Sonata Lee Narcisse directs. The technical director is Sherene Strausberg. Marcia Caldwell and Shawn Corey Campbell are our drive engineers. The News & Notes staff includes Roy Hurst, Geoffrey Gardner, Devin Robins, Zachary Slobig, Joanne Griffith, Drew Tewkesbury, Allison Samuels and Jim Wallace. To listen to the show or subscribe to the podcast, visit our Web site, nprnewsandnotes. org. To join the conversation or sign up for the newsletter, visit our blog at nprnewsandviews. org. News & Notes was created by NPR News and the African-American Public Radio Consortium. On Monday, short on cash these days?Well, what if your neighborhood got together and started printing its own money?It's already happening. We'll look at the spread of customized community currency.","(Singing) Growing up too fast. I have the best friends you could ever have, But I don't know what I got 'til it's gone. . .","Because I lose every single game I play 'Cause I'm a slave to my distractions. I climb a mountain for every mess I make, But can't get no satisfaction."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A is not actually talking about being late or making mistakes, but rather about deserving love.","questions":"What does PersonA want to sign on a dotted line for?","answer":"Love"}
{"text":["Some folks get a little bit cranky about having to work on the holiday. It's a day that, you know, most of us spend with our family and friends. How do you feel about working on a day that most people get off?","Folks that work in NASA have a common bond of a real passion for the space program. So, we wouldn't be here if we didn't have that. And obviously, we'd like to be with our families, but if we can't be there, then the next best place to be is working on a space mission.","So, you know, we've been doing a space station for 10 years straight, and there's been someone here every year for every holiday. And beyond holidays even, you know, one of the crew members on board is having their wedding anniversary just yesterday, and tomorrow's one of the birthdays of one of the flight directors working the flight.","So, we all kind of take care and bond together and take care of each other. And we're having a Thanksgiving dinner here that management's all bringing in for the flight controllers that are working, and we try to shift people out so that, you know, there's three shifts so that people do get some time at home."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : cranky refers they're unwell or weak and not related to a shaft ","questions":"What is the alternative meaning of \"cranky\" that is mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Unwell"}
{"text":["Oh, it smells delicious.","Vegetal.","It's totally vegetal.","(Laughter)."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Don't just paraphase the words! Find the implicated meaning! We don't want answers like: to be silent means stay quiet and not making noise, bad answer!  Please read the examples above carefully!      (1)\tB:\tOh, it smells delicious. (2)\tA:\tVegetal. (3)\tB:\tIt's totally vegetal. (4)\tA:\t(Laughter).  Please choose the turns whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings.   (1)  (2)  (3)  (4)","questions":"How would you describe the taste?","answer":"Delicious"}
{"text":["Again, I was a founding chairman. I feel an obligation, and I think, in times like these, we do need the arts to really lift our spirits.","Can you give an example maybe of how a piece of art might fill that goal?A lot of people - just to play devil's advocate - might say, people are losing their homes to foreclosure. What is a piece of art going to do?What would you say?","Well, I think, if one goes to a performance, whether it's a theater, symphony, or museum and sees an exhibition, it lets your mind get away from the economic trauma we're all living in. It lifts our spirits.","Is there a particular piece of art - you have so many in your collection - but is there one you can think of now where you look at and you might see hope in what otherwise might look like a dour time to some?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Art helps people escape from the harsh reality of life.","questions":"How does art provide relief during difficult times?","answer":"Escape"}
{"text":["We had testimony submitted to us this morning in writing by Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, who engineered - according to the government and himself - the attacks of 9\/11. And he was questioned about the role of Salim Hamdan, and I'll just read you one paragraph from what he answered.","The question was, did Salim Hamdan ever have any role in planning, or carry out, any activities that you either directed or were involved in?, as he was the director of operations. He didn't play any role. He was not a soldier. He was a driver. His nature was primitive. He was a Bedouin one person and far from civilized. He was not fit to plan or execute. But he is fit to change truck tires, to change oil filters, wash and clean cars, and passing cargo and pickup trucks. He could tighten bolts and could select the best maintenance shop.","This is Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, saying this about Hamdan?","That's right. We also had testimony from Waleed bin Attash, and as I understand it, he was responsible, or has boasted his responsibility, for the attack on the USS Cole. And he says Salim Hamdan's activities were distinctively clear, as he was seen driving the cars going and coming every day. His responsibilities were those related to driving, such as mechanical and maintenance and repairs. He was not involved in planning any attacks against the United States."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In turn (2), Khalid Sheikh Mohammed's statement about Salim Hamdan's \"nature\" being \"primitive\" and him being \"far from civilized\" is not meant to be taken literally. It is a derogatory and prejudiced statement that reflects the speaker's biased view of Hamdan's cultural and ethnic background.","questions":"What was Khalid Sheikh Mohammed's opinion of Salim Hamdan's capabilities?","answer":"Capabilities"}
{"text":["Absolutely, absolutely.",". . . To provide even more confidential information, yeah.","Also, importantly, this list - the clearance-holders' foreign national contacts. That is the foreigners you are in close and continuing contact with. If I were China, I'd be looking for any Chinese national who pops up in those forms for exploitation. This is counterespionage-101 kind of stuff.","There are widespread reports that China is behind all this."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  is that B is implying that China is likely to be responsible for the events in question.","questions":"Which country is suggested to be responsible for the events in question by B?","answer":"China"}
{"text":["You know, when my father died, I promised him I would try to write this book for him really. And then I quickly realized that I was writing it for the little girl who was angry, you know - I call her the girl in the red cardigan. I have a picture of her, and she's biting her tongue (laughter) all the time, you know - and also to try to trace the ways in which that experience had a long tail, if you like.","I have a section of the book called Aftermath. And my father became an addicted roulette player after he left the Brethren, and that put an enormous strain on the family. My parents divorced. My father ended up in prison when I was 16. He was very, very chaotic. I understand that now, you know. He was impossible, infuriating and wonderful. In the year that I was studying \"Macbeth\" for my O-levels, he decided I had to see every single production of \"Macbeth\" that year. So we saw 13 productions.","Oh, wow.","And in most car journeys, he'd be playing me music and reciting poetry. So it was really extraordinary being a daughter of such a man.","Rebecca, I mentioned earlier how I grew up in a very religious family. I don't go to church that much anymore. Actually, I don't go at all. So I'm wondering, for you, where is your faith now?Do you still have it?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"the little girl who was angry\" is a metaphorical expression that refers to the author's inner child or past self who was frustrated and upset due to her father's death.","questions":"Which metaphorical expression refers to the author's inner child or past self?","answer":"metaphor"}
{"text":["It was an amazing list. This started around 1910. There was a long list of books, and, at the start, they were things that sound pretty ordinary now, the things you mentioned, titles of things like \"Tom Swift and His Airship,\" \"Tom Swift and His Wireless Message. \"My favorite is \"Tom Swift and His Photo Telephone. \"If you read \"Tom Swift and His Photo Telephone,\" which is written in 1914, it sounds like you're hearing the description of Skype or Google Hangout.","The boy inventor invented this in 1914 fictionally, but the details are surprisingly similar.","Are people still reading those books, the Tom Swift books?","That's a good question. There were two big series. The first series started in 1910, went up to about 1940. They updated it in the 1950s and '60s with things like \"Tom Swift and His Rocket Ship,\" \"Tom Swift and His Giant Robot\" and on and on. Those petered out. And they started up a few later, but the later ones just got off into sort of fantasy."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The fictional Tom Swift books written in 1910s predicted modern technology.","questions":"What details were similar in \"Tom Swift and His Photo Telephone\" to modern technology?","answer":"Telephone"}
{"text":["Everyone has to be themself. In West Virginia, you can't just transform yourself. You can't be something you're not. You know, West Virginia, we'll shake your hand, look in your eye. We'll see your soul. We know if you're fooling us or not. Forget about having a D or an R by your name. They're thinking, oh, now, just because you're Republican, you're going to win. People in West Virginia still vote for the person. So they still know I'm still Joe. I've been Joe from day one. I was born Joe. And I'll die Joe.","One of the things that we've seen, specifically in red states where Democrats have done well, is that they haven't spoken about the president. They've distance themselves from discussing President Trump. I mean, your state is a state that Trump won by more than 65 percent. I mean, will you be discussing the president?","Let me say this - in 2012, Mitt Romney beat Barack Obama by 35 percentage points in West Virginia. I won by over 20 percent. That's a 55, 60-percent swing. So, people in West Virginia will pick the person.","So no discussing the president?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They see a person's personality and the deepest part of their character.","questions":"How do people in West Virginia perceive others?","answer":"Personality"}
{"text":["What can Americans learn from 18 years of war?That's what the U. S.  has faced since the 9\/11 attacks in 2001. James Mattis was in position to learn. The Marine veteran served in Afghanistan and Iraq and was defense secretary under President Trump until he resigned. Mattis has a memoir - \"Call Sign Chaos. \"He avoids direct criticism of the president. When we spoke yesterday, we asked if the president thinks long term, and Mattis said only that people around him do. The general describes his own detailed planning. Before leading a force into Iraq in 2003, he read thousands of years of history of Alexander the Great and others who invaded that region before him.","What could a multi-thousand-year-old battle teach you that would be relevant in the 21st century?","Well, there's enduring aspects of leadership, and plus geography doesn't change. And so when you read about the challenges they faced, it gets you thinking about your own. I knew we were going to be operating very deep inside the Middle East, and I had to decide what was the right manner in which I wanted the troops to go in. So I used words from antiquity. From a Roman general, I used no better friend, no worse enemy. We were going in to liberate the Iraqi people from Saddam. We were not going in to dominate them. I didn't want triumphalism. I wanted to go in with a sense of first do no harm.","So you read thousands of pages and then tried to boil it down to a few phrases, or in some cases even a word, that you could pass on to thousands of people."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The roman general he used was not someone he knew, but they were helpful in good and bad ways.","questions":"How did Mattis describe the Roman general he used?","answer":"helpful"}
{"text":["Oh, this is - this is about the rarest of the rare thing you could see. This is when Venus crosses in front of the sun. We had this happen in June 2004, but we're going to have a repeat here June 5, 2012. And we need to urge everybody to go see this thing because we are not going to live to see the next one. The next time this'll happen will be the year 2117.","Now, it's not quite as dramatic as a solar eclipse or anything like that, it's a little subtle, and may I do my sting impression?Is that OK?","Go ahead.","(Singing) There'll be a little black spot on the sun that day."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A: (Singing) There'll be a little black spot on the sun that day.  The actual meaning of this turn is different from its literal meaning. It is a reference to a song by The Police, and is being used metaphorically to describe the transit of Venus, which will appear as a small black dot moving across the face of the sun.","questions":"How does turn 3 relate to the transit of Venus?","answer":"Transit"}
{"text":["The likelihood that the law was going to get struck down was one of the factors that contributed to the council's decision to repeal it. But there were also many groups that came together to push for the repeal.","Mr.  Muchmore, I'm told you also have a laundromat in your bar.","I do have a small laundromat in the back. It's a New Orleans thing. I grew up in New Orleans, and there a lot of the bars have laundries so that while you're doing your laundry, you can have a beer or a coffee and get to know your neighbors.","How are you going to celebrate?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) The speaker has a small laundromat located in the back of the bar, which is a common feature in bars in New Orleans. This allows patrons to do their laundry while enjoying a beer or coffee and getting to know their neighbors.","questions":"How is the laundromat described in the bar?","answer":"Small"}
{"text":["It's going great. I understand that spanking and Michelle Obama's fashion stuffed our inbox this week, right?","That's right. The discussions we've had about whether the First Lady should have worn clothing by black designers for her husband's inauguration is still creating a lot of traffic. Aljory Stallings(ph) wrote us this on our Web site, I am completely irritated on this trivial commentary on this issue. I wonder if the black designers who were complaining about this realize that by doing that, they are cutting off their noses to spite their faces.","Flora Gayle(ph) chimed in with this, I think she needs to get some credit for almost always wearing American designers. I am not black, but I do work in fashion. I think before we start judging this, we should look at how many black students are going to fashion school. I wish there were more.","And Dianne Truckenberg(ph) wrote in to say, I am concerned with the concept drawing lines for black versus white, for fill in whatever topic. Insistence on basing decisions on whether or not something or someone is of a certain race will certainly bring back racial tension."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The discussion is still happening between a great many people. The black designers are only hurting themselves by complaining about what she wore.","questions":"Which group of people are cutting off their noses to spite their faces?","answer":"Designers"}
{"text":["And how do you do that?","Well, on the behavioral side, that means helping them go from being in this setting to open air and open - eventually open water. We would take them through a very careful process of getting used to the transport units, getting used to being on a crane and in a truck and then in a tank on the dock. Eventually, they might even take drives around Baltimore to get used to the idea that they're going to be mobile since they've have not done that before.","The other aspect is the physiological adaptation, and that's a very complex and laborious process. Every - all living organisms have a microbiome associated with them. That's all the microorganisms that live around us and on us - bacteria, fungus, spores, larvae, et cetera. Dolphins do too and, in fact, in seawater, it's quite present. And the water that they live in now, which is man-made saltwater, it's fairly sterile. And of course, the ocean is not sterile.","So we will go through a long process, once we've selected a site, that will begin to integrate that water into the water they live in here so that eventually, when they leave here, they will be in water that almost completely matches the water that they'll be moving to.","I gather, Mr.  Racanelli, you've known dolphins, worked with them in a sense, since you were a teenager."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The process of helping dolphins adjust to open air and water involves not only helping them cope with changes in their environment, but also teaching them how to be mobile and transport themselves.","questions":"What is one aspect of the process of helping dolphins adjust to open air and water?","answer":"Behavioral"}
{"text":["Hello, Ira, nice to talk to you.","Why do they call you the Indiana Jones of. . .","Well because I've gone out around the world, you know, doing different archaeological investigations, which have turned up some pretty unusual fermented beverages (unintelligible).","Like what?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : this entire line is more joking, unusual fermented beverages just means they went around the world and found different alcoholic beverages depending on the country and culture. ","questions":"How were the fermented beverages found?","answer":"Investigations"}
{"text":["Well, I think what I heard - and I heard it over the three days - is that the president is not going to let up pressure on Japan, on Prime Minister Abe on trade. Despite the close personal relationship, despite all the pageantry of this visit, it was just at the surface that the president was getting a little irritated with the arguments that Japan has been making on trade.","I think that this is not going to bode well for how this is going to end up. Mr.  Abe doesn't have a lot of latitude to give the president what he wants. But I think they're trying very hard to keep it from bursting the seams, so to speak, on the overall political strategic relationship.","What about on North Korea?As Anthony alluded to there, President Trump contradicted not only his host, the prime minister, but his own national security adviser, John Bolton, on the significance of these recent missile launches from North Korea and whether they violate U. N.  Security Council resolutions. How significant a disagreement is that between Tokyo and Washington?","I think that will be a disappointment for Prime Minister Abe for a couple of reasons. You know, again, President Trump said he was not personally concerned about the tests, still trying to lay out what I think he thinks is the base for a bargain with Kim Jong Un, and that is an economic development strategy by North Koreans that will then mitigate the military challenge."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : President Trump disagrees with both his own national security adviser and Prime Minister Abe on the significance of North Korea's recent missile launches, which could strain the relationship between Tokyo and Washington.","questions":"What could potentially strain the relationship between Tokyo and Washington?","answer":"Missile"}
{"text":["A young upstart reporter at a national news network, a political newcomer fresh from Hollywood, his opponent - a female senator firmly rooted in the establishment, a ratings-obsessed media mogul - does any of this sound familiar to you yet?Amazingly, Alisyn Camerota, a veteran news anchor and host of CNN's morning show \"New Day,\" started writing her new novel years ago. And now the book \"Amanda Wakes Up\" seems like a crystal ball. Alisyn Camerota joins me from our studios in New York. Welcome to the program.","Thank you, Lulu. Great to be with you.","So are you psychic?(Laughter).","Well, there were many times, many times in the writing of this that my agent editor and I thought I was. But I think, what it turns out, is that there are some perennial favorite themes in politics and in presidential races. And I hit on them because you can predict with some certainty what will come back around."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"psychic\" - This word is used figuratively to describe someone who can predict future events or has a sixth sense. It does not mean that Alisyn Camerota actually has psychic abilities.","questions":"What word is used figuratively to describe someone who can predict future events or has a sixth sense?","answer":"Psychic"}
{"text":["They asked me to consider that, you know, almost without exception, these are young people in federal facilities who are separated from their families. They're in a strange place. They're dealing with stress and uncertainty every day. They fled poverty. They fled possibly violence in their home countries. And so they desperately need the semblance of a daily routine.","And analogously, if you look at studies done in hospital settings with chronically ill children, when they have access to play, they do better. They heal faster. They have lower levels of stress. And similarly, after natural disasters like Hurricane Harvey, Hurricane Katrina, there started to be interest in the therapeutic benefits of play access.","A very simple thing that Dr.  Cantor told me is that when your brain is being bombarded with stress hormones every day, you actually need to move your body even more than usual so you can get oxygen to your brain. And this oxygenation - it helps buffer potentially long-term damage.","Just in our last 30 seconds, what does the law say here?Could there be legal challenges?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Separated young people in federal facilities desperately need a daily routine.","questions":"How do separated young people in federal facilities benefit from a daily routine?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["Thank you.","Why don't we start with a song?","Happily.","(Singing) There's a big white house on a leafy street on a summer's day in 1963. Station wagons parked in the drive with dents in the fender and wood on the side. There's kids and dogs and Instamatic cubes squinting hard in the sun. Not just yet, but one day, too, they'll be chasing what's already gone.","(Singing) You grow up tall and you grow up tough, trying to never admit not feeling good enough, until you find your passion and you find your way. Just trying to make it unscathed through every day. And it seems to happen nearly overnight. Life shows you who you've become. When there's no more mystery in the fading light, you're just chasing what's already gone. Like the line that spells the far horizon, moving with you as fast as you can run. Half your life, you pay it no attention. The rest you can't stop wondering what you should have done instead of chasing what's already gone."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Memories of the past can be bittersweet and chasing them can be a futile effort.","questions":"Which effort?","answer":"Chasing"}
{"text":["You bet.","OK. The rope broke in my hands.","The rope broke in my hands. I'm writing that down right now.","That's good to know I could be of some use. Dave LaBounty of \"The First Line. \"Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The implied meaning of this turn is that Dave LaBounty is grateful for being given the opportunity to be on the show","questions":"What is Dave LaBounty's emotional response to being on \"The First Line\"?","answer":"Grateful"}
{"text":["I started the business as a hobby. I needed a break from the logical legal work that I was doing every day, and I decided as a creative outlet I'd like to start making spa products as a gift. I contacted a store in Canada, and they sent me some raw ingredients, taught me how to mix some things. I took them in to work, and people really liked them.","People often think of, say, Carol's Daughter, you know, and the spa-product industry being a woman's thing. But I also remember going down to cover Hurricane Katrina and there was a doctor, Dr.  Friedman, who - he and his sons would make soaps and things like that. What spoke to you about this business?Why did you want to do it?","I was looking for a sense of wellness, and I've always tried to take good care of myself. So, one of the things I would do is, I work very hard, but I also take good care of myself in a healthy way. So, one of the ways I do that is by going to spas. I've always been a fan of the product, and I was a great consumer of the product. So, in building my business, I knew exactly what I expected, as a high-end consumer, of the market.","Some people say, OK, spa items, beauty items, those are all things that people will cut in tough times. What have you seen in terms of the past year or so of your business?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Starting the spa business was a way to escape from monotonous work.","questions":"How did the idea of starting a spa business come to A?","answer":"Hobby"}
{"text":["I was making decisions in my life that went against everything that I was raised to believe. And. . .","Like what?What kind of decisions?","Specifically religion - the religion that I was raised in. And I was disagreeing with it heavily. It was my whole world and everything that I was taught.","Did they understand?Even though it was painful, did they understand why you had to make that decision to break away?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Whole world\" is an exagerraiton, most likely. It means that religion was a huge force in her younger life.","questions":"Which aspect of her life was heavily influenced by religion according to turn 2?","answer":"Specifically"}
{"text":["And prior to that, they'd had him ahead by double digits again. So, there is a rhythm within each of these polls where it goes up and down a little bit, and if you want something to rely on, you need to look at the range within each poll.","So, why is that people reacting to the news each day, or to ads, or to stuff they see on the Internet?What is it?","Well, I could think they're reacting to something, I just like - we like to think the stock market is responding to some kind of real news or conditions. But it's not all that clear that it's all that rational, and the same is true of the political polls as well.","So, given that up and down in each individual poll, you have to think a lot of it has to do with the internal processes of poll taking, and then poll analysis. They weigh the polls, they look at whether or not their sample of the public really matches the demographic mix of the public, and then they weigh of responses of people to try to match that statistical model."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples.","questions":"What does turn 3 refer to?","answer":"Polls"}
{"text":["Governor, thank you so much for talking with us.","Oh, you bet.","And we are sorry for the loss. . .","Yeah.",". . . Of this important figure in your life and the lives of many other people. You've referred to Judge Keith as a mentor and even more than a mentor. Tell us a little bit, if you would, about how you came to clerk for him and why he meant so much to you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : It implies that the Governor was once a Clerk for Judge Keith who had probably stood by him before and during the reelection which he lost.","questions":"Which position did the Governor hold before his loss?","answer":"Incorporating"}
{"text":["Well, the room did. Supposedly, the reporter from the New York Times, who had been hanging out in the back and sort of lightly paying attention, came tearing up the aisle and said, do it again. . .",". . . which he did.","How did the Polaroid change taking pictures?","Well, it was a huge revolution, at the time. And people immediately started to play with it. You know, it was a craze from the very beginning. The first camera went on sale in - the year after that demonstration, in 1948. It was rolled out in November. And they sent in a big lot and they said, well, it's the day after Thanksgiving; these should carry you through until Christmas. And they were gone before the store closed that day. So it took off immediately. You know, fine artists began to embrace Polaroid, right from the beginning. One of the first enthusiasts, who saw one of those early demonstrations in the late '40s, was Ansel Adams. And Adams immediately signed on as consultant to Polaroid. And he stayed in that role until the end of his life."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) The implied meaning of \"which he did\" is that the person repeated the demonstration.","questions":"Which action did the person perform again?","answer":"Demonstration"}
{"text":["Even though the Jews lived with the Poles for 1,000 years. And today, the history of the Jews and the Jewish experience is not really considered Polish experience.","I'd like to talk about the new Polish law which prohibits using the phrase Polish death camps. What does that mean for you as a guide and as a historian?","I think this is not really the biggest concern that we have regarding this law. There are many organizations. There are many institutions. There are many wonderful people who've been trying to fight against using this expression Polish death camps. The point is, however, that this - and this is what we are really concerned about - that this new law will possibly suppress genuine research and also open discussion about the truth and whether we are allowed to talk about our dark past openly.","What is the truth?What is the truth that you study and that you have talked about?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The Jewish experience is not considered Polish experience","questions":"How is the Jewish experience perceived in Poland?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["That's right. There are a few things in particular that stood out in the early excerpts. I haven't had the chance to get my hands on the book yet. But a couple of things in particular. One is that Bannon talks about that infamous Trump Tower meeting in June of 2016 that featured Donald Trump Jr. , Jared Kushner, Paul Manafort and the meeting that they had with the Russian lawyer, who was offering dirt on Hillary Clinton. Bannon describes the meeting as treasonous, as unpatriotic. And he says that those three should've called the FBI immediately. A second thing is that he also says that there's no way - there's no way that Trump Jr.  didn't walk the Russians up one floor to the 26th floor of Trump Tower and introduce them to Trump himself.","We should explain that's his - he doesn't know that happened, but he just finds it inconceivable it didn't.","He doesn't offer any proof. He wasn't in the campaign at the time. But this would be important if true because Trump has denied any knowledge of the Russian overtures, any knowledge of Russian outreach. And it would - this would obviously contradict that. The last thing is that Bannon says that the investigation is going to focus on money laundering. There are indications that Mueller's team may indeed be looking at that. So a lot to digest there.","NPR's Ryan Lucas, thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Bannon describes the meeting as treasonous, as unpatriotic.\" - The actual meaning of this turn is figurative and implies that Bannon believes the meeting was disloyal and against the country's interests, rather than literally being an act of treason.","questions":"What does the word \"treasonous\" mean?","answer":"Disloyal"}
{"text":["The billionaire financier Jeffrey Epstein has been taken into federal custody related to sex trafficking. According to The Daily Beast, who first reported this story, Epstein was arrested yesterday and will appear in court tomorrow to be charged in connection with sex trafficking minors. This comes more than a decade after accusations first surfaced that Epstein had paid dozens of young girls for sex. But he avoided federal criminal charges and significant prison time in a plea deal that continues to draw criticism for its lenient terms. For more on this, we called Pervaiz Shallwani, one of the Daily Beast reporters who broke this story. And he's with us now.","Thank you so much for being with us.","Thank you for having me.","And I'm just going to start by saying that the details may be disturbing to some listeners because this does involve accusations about the treatment of young girls. So, having said that, Pervaiz, as briefly as you can, what are the allegations that first surfaced against Epstein in 2007 and 2008?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : He was happy to attend the talk show","questions":"How did PersonA feel about being on the talk show?","answer":"Happy"}
{"text":["Yeah. If you've ever heard stories about people who win the lotto, their lives are in inalterably changed by that. It's a hard thing to imagine. And for NPR and The Salvation Army, these huge gifts - and it's important to point out that The Salvation Army got close to 10 times more than NPR did - it was challenging.","How do you continue to reach out to donors when you've received this windfall?In the case of NPR, how do you explain, in this complex matrix that we've got of member stations in the network, how the money will get dispersed?In the case of The Salvation Army, Joan asked for recreation centers to be built all around the country. But The Salvation Army really wasn't equipped to do that. It had done it once in San Diego, where Joan lived, but it wasn't something that was in their wheelhouse, so to speak.","So yeah, it's a terrible burden. It's a wonderful one, but it was complicated for both organizations.","How fair or accurate is the idea that Joan Kroc gave away Ray Kroc's money to a lot of places and causes of which he would not have approved?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : dispersed terrible burden How fair or accurate is the idea","questions":"Which word describes the idea of Joan Kroc giving away Ray Kroc's money?","answer":"terrible"}
{"text":["Now, Mr.  Trump often points out that the school, at least on the website, had an overwhelmingly favorable rating from former students. But the plaintiffs say that it wasn't like that at all.","Really, that's exactly what they say. They argue that the whole point to this school was to keep selling students increasingly expensive seminars. First, there was a free introductory course where students were told they could make tens of thousands of dollars in just a couple of months using Trump's investment techniques.","But to learn those, they had to sign up for another seminar that cost about 1,500 bucks. And at that seminar, they were sold another course that cost as much as $35,000. They claim that students were encouraged to go into credit-card debt and even cash out their 401(k)s to pay for these top-level courses.","The settlement was reached. Well, one of these suits was about to go to trial on Monday, wasn't it?","Yeah, it was, though attorneys for Trump wanted it delayed because he was too busy with the transition. But, clearly, his schedule wasn't going to get any easier once he became president. So the judge in the case was urging both sides to settle."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \u201cFirst, there was a free introductory course where students were told they could make tens of thousands of dollars in just a couple of months using Trump's investment techniques.\u201d - Implied meaning: The students were misled into believing that they could make a lot of money quickly by using Trump's investment techniques. ","questions":"How were the students convinced to sign up for the expensive seminar?","answer":"misled"}
{"text":["This is WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. I'm Linda Wertheimer sitting in for Scott Simon.","The Silk Road, the centuries-old trade route that the West traditionally associates with Marco Polo, is believed to have brought silk and pasta from China all the way to Italy. Of course, it didn't happen quite like that. History always depends upon the teller of the story. And we have a new version from Jen Lin-Liu. She's an American food writer who lives and works in China.","She's written a book called \"On the Noodle Road,\" and she joins us now from our bureau in Beijing. Welcome to the program.","Thank you, Linda."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : none","questions":"Which author does Linda Wertheimer introduce in the dialogue?","answer":"JenLin-Liu"}
{"text":["But it was this idea of, well, that's what America is. And it was a very prescribed, very male, very white identity. And it linked up with, you know, I think a very chauvinistic idea about what we do with our military. I think this is all intertwined.","What do you mean about what we do with our military?","Well, in the sense that there is this very shoot-first-and-ask-questions later attitude about when we go out in the world. So I think when we take our values into the world throughout when this happens, throughout the 20th century, I think that there's a lot of good to be said about the intentions on a basic level. You know, we are going to go help people. But oftentimes the idea that the answer is military force, I think that that comes out of a lot of the same idea that this identity of the military as a very masculine, a very - you know, very prescribed idea.","As you follow the news as a journalist over the past many years, which events make you think of this story of the Rough Riders?Which events have resonance?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The military is associated with masculinity and force as a solution.","questions":"How is the military characterized in the conversation?","answer":"Prescribed"}
{"text":["Absolutely. In fact, there is. It's very simple. If you go to the grocery store and you buy some blue food coloring, you can take it home. And I caution you to be very careful. It will stain the rug in your house, as I am. . .","Yeah.",". . . living proof of.","I hate it when that happens, you know."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  B: \"I hate it when that happens, you know.\" The literal meaning suggests that the person simply dislikes it when something similar happens. However, the actual meaning could be that the person is using the phrase \"when that happens\" in a broader context, expressing frustration or annoyance with situations that lead to unwanted consequences or accidents in general.","questions":"Which phrase does PersonB use to express frustration or annoyance with situations that lead to unwanted consequences or accidents?","answer":"When-that-happens"}
{"text":["The bank says that, you know, it had nothing to do with who the Saudi Committee chose to give money to. And they said that they vetted all of the organizations and individuals against these international lists of designated terrorists and that there were no red flags.","How does it happen that a U. S.  court even has jurisdiction in this?","This is the first case under the Anti-Terrorism Act. And the reason it's being tried here is because again it's a federal - it's a U. S.  federal law. And many of the payments that we're talking about were processed through the New York-based operations of Arab Bank. So in order to clear payments, some of these transactions are routed through branches in the U. S.  And so that's where you get jurisdiction.","Jessica, are there implications for the banking industry in this case?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker is making a subtle suggestion or insinuation that others may pick up on, but without being too direct or forceful.","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue implies a subtle suggestion or insinuation?","answer":"2"}
{"text":["Aw. We mentioned that you worked for President George W.  Bush, who advised John McCain. In your circle of friends, people there at the Hoover Institution - without violating any any confidences - your friends and colleagues - is your opinion widely held or are people who ordinarily would support the Republican candidate talking about voting for Hillary Clinton?","I think this is a real time of crisis for Republicans. It's hard for many of my friends to think about supporting Donald Trump. And it's very hard for many of my friends to think about supporting Hillary Clinton. In fact, I would have indulged the luxury of writing in one of my terrific nephews for president if I hadn't seen that the polls during the British referendum were off by 12 points. And my concern that (inaudible) be accurate, and everybody's vote's actually going to count this election.","Kori Schake is a research fellow at the Hoover Institution. She joined us by Skype. Thanks very much.","You're welcome."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"You're welcome.\" This turn is an example of conventionalized language, where the speaker uses a set phrase to respond to the expression of gratitude. The literal meaning of \"you're welcome\" is an invitation for the other person to come in, but in this context, it's used to acknowledge and accept thanks.","questions":"How is \"you're welcome\" used in this context?","answer":"Accept"}
{"text":["When we had a transfer of presidencies in this country, when Barack Obama came in four years ago and George W.  Bush got aboard the helicopter and left town, well, George W.  Bush has pretty vanished from the American political leadership. He wrote a book, did pretty well with that. I gather he gives some speeches, but he plays no great part in the American political system. Bill Clinton has been playing a little bit more in this election.","But in the meantime, Mr.  Hu Jintao on his way out - really, on the way out?He will be a member of the Standing Committee. He's not going to be president. He's not going to be chairman of the party anymore, but?","He still may have a pretty strong role in the military. There's also the former president of China, who I covered back in the '90s, named Jiang Zemin who's from Shanghai. He has been front and center at the Party Congress. He's been out and about. He's in his mid-80s. He's playing role in terms of lining up who's going to take over. There's a lot of horse trading, but it's very, very opaque. And the average Chinese person really doesn't have any sense of where it's heading.","So you're getting this new generation of younger leaders, but the gerontocracy, the old leaders, behind the scenes, they're still playing a role."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Although there is a new generation of younger leaders, the older leaders still play a role behind the scenes.","questions":"What is still happening despite the emergence of younger leaders?","answer":"role"}
{"text":["Back-and-forth, funny lines, that sort of thing. So it was quite clear what that was. And also accompanying that were three videotapes, one of which was of Governor Bush doing a Tim Russert-style interview in his shorts. I watched that for a few seconds, and I realized I shouldn't be having these materials. And so right after that, I called up our campaign manager, and I said, we've got some problems here. I've gotten stolen materials. And my lawyer came not long after that, and we decided that we needed to turn those materials over to the FBI.","Not just the FBI, also the press, right?You guys sought sort of transparency in this.","Yeah, well, we issued a very noble-sounding press release recusing myself from that. But we didn't disclose any of the materials. That actually - they left my office at about 1 o'clock. The FBI came over to interview me, oddly, that day, and I had found myself in an odd position of explaining to the agents why this was a crime. They were unfamiliar with it. And they didn't realize that these debate materials were probably some of the most valuable things in the United States at the time. And eventually Louis Freeh became the agent of record. He was the FBI director.","I want to follow up on that point because while you acted out of an abundance of caution, President Trump was considerably more nonchalant, let's say, about the idea of receiving dirt on an opponent. Were you surprised when you heard his comments?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The FBI agents were unaware that the debate materials were valuable","questions":"How were the FBI agents unfamiliar with the debate materials?","answer":"Unfamiliar"}
{"text":["At dusk tonight - the Belmont stakes, and an engaging chestnut named California Chrome has a chance to be the first horse to win the Triple Crown - a sweep of all three of the major thoroughbred races since 1978. We're honored now to be joined by Laura Hillenbrand. She's a horse rider by trade, of course she's author of the perpetual best-selling \"Seabiscuit. \"Laura, thanks so much for being with us.","I'm so happy to be here Scott.","What is there about the Belmont stakes that frustrates so many great four-legged athletes who've already won two big races?","They call it the test of their champion for a reason. It is a tricky race. It's run around the biggest track in the country so strategy is different. You have to move a different place. It's a race that requires a lot of the jockey.","The thing that makes it the hardest in terms of sweeping the whole Triple Crown is the horse that gets there with a chance to win it as California Chrome has. They've already competed in the Derby and the Preakness, which are two incredibly difficult races. And now, in the span of five weeks, they have to try the third one. And it's the hardest one of all, the longest one of all. It's really asking a huge amount of them. And that's why, in my whole racing fan life, I have never seen a horse sweep the Triple Crown. I've seen 12 horses go to the Belmont with a chance to win it, and all of them have failed.","California Chrome is called the people's horse, kind of like Seabiscuit."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : a chance to be the first horse to win the Triple Crown\" - This implies that California Chrome has the opportunity to achieve a rare and prestigious feat by winning all three major thoroughbred races, rather than simply having a possibility of winning.","questions":"How is California Chrome's opportunity described to win the Triple Crown?","answer":"Rare"}
{"text":["We're talking about 2. 8 million people. Has the rise of temporary workers figured into, at least, the statistical improvement of the U. S.  economy for some people?","It has. Overall, about one seventh of the total job growth has been in the temp sector. The temp sector is growing nine times faster than the overall private sector as a whole. And the 2. 9 million workers represents a record number, both in the number of temp workers and in the percentage of the economy that they make up.","You know in \"Harvest Of Shame,\" Edward R.  Murrow very famously said, the people we're showing you in this documentary have picked your Thanksgiving bounty with their bare hands, and this is how they live. What should we look at in our everyday lives that might remind us of how we're dependent on temp workers to get by?","It's very similar in how the goods change by the season. If you look at Valentine's Day, they pack our chocolates. If you look at Memorial Day, the barbecue grills are packed by temp workers. At Christmas, all the clothing and toys and gifts we get - the same things we saw in \"Harvest Of Shame,\" how workers get hired, how much they're paid, how they're transported to work is exactly the same thing that's happening here. The only difference is now that instead of picking things we're packing things."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  The implied meaning of this turn is to reflect on our reliance on temporary workers in our day-to-day lives, rather than its literal meaning of asking what we can look at to remind us of the plight of temporary workers.","questions":"How does the temp sector compare to the overall private sector in terms of growth?","answer":"One-seventh"}
{"text":["Now, when we look at this, what they're doing, there was a - you know, in some ways perhaps a minor incident, but a telling one where the British publication, the Telegraph, reported online that the G8 leaders enjoyed a six course lunch followed by an eight course dinner. African leaders were not invited and of course they're talking about the global hunger situation. There was a lot of static about that. Do you think that, that was symbolic in any way or just, you know, big time world business as usual?","Well, Farai now you're going to draw the cynical side out of me. This was an incredibly stupid, careless move, by the G8 leaders where they basically seemed to have thought off camera they could do whatever they wanted to. And they demonstrated, for all to see, the contempt actually that they have towards the rest of the world.","That they basically - they see themselves, as in effect, the rulers of this planet. So, when they're on camera there'll be the tears, there'll be the concern. Off camera you saw this hideous example of consumption.","What do you think the G8 leaders should be doing in terms of an Africa agenda?I'm going to get to a couple of specific things, specific national issues of Zimbabwe and Nigeria in a second."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : G8 leaders are contemptuous of the rest of the world and think of themselves as the rulers of the planet.","questions":"Which group of leaders demonstrated contempt towards the world according to the statement?","answer":"G8"}
{"text":["Both the trains slowed. I was standing there with my bag over my shoulder, ready to jump. It was windy. It was cold. It was kind of getting dark. And so they finally lined up the cars correctly, and I was told to run across the loose rocks and jump on to the other train.","The conductor on the other train pulled me on to that car. Once I was onboard, another conductor came through the car, and she said to me, don't get up when we get to Milwaukee. What I heard from her was don't get up, or I will kill you. I did not move the rest of the trip.","So I get to Saint Paul. I'm looking for my brother. He's late. So he gets there, and I ask him, why were you late?And he says, well, I checked the train schedule, and it said it was running behind. Oh, that was because of me.","A travel nightmare with a happy ending from Anne Fleury in Milwaukee. Send us your stories, please. Go to weekendeditionsaturday@npr. org. Click on contact. Put Travel Nightmare at the top of your message."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : .The situation was potentially dangerous and uncomfortable, with the darkness and cold adding to the tension.","questions":"Which situation?","answer":"Warning"}
{"text":["This Thanksgiving week, we've been offering a little respite from all the glum financial news. We have been checking in with people who are doing all right despite the bleak economy. This day after the big turkey feast, we hear from an industry almost guaranteed a boom in business. We're talking about plumbing. Kevin Shaw runs Kevin Shaw Plumbing here in southern California. Welcome to the program.","Glad to be with you.","So I have heard that the day after Thanksgiving, plumbing companies can do as much as 50 percent more in business. Why is that?What is going on the day after?","We see a big increase in the number of people that call us with a plugged-up kitchen sink or maybe the toilet has plugged up. Those are the two big plumbing calls that we'll get today."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : big turkey feast refers to celebration dying ","questions":"Which holiday is being referred to in turn 0?","answer":"Feast"}
{"text":["Good morning.","Good morning.","So your reaction to this meeting - the president seems to rely on his own brand of personal politics to get things moving.","Absolutely. And Kim Jong Un knows this. That's why he's been trying very hard to separate President Trump from his advisers because he thinks there is a deal to be had by just directly dealing with the president. There are a couple noteworthy things that came out of this meeting. I noticed that Trump - President Trump saying that speed is not the object here because he's looking for a comprehensive deal. And then he hinted that sanctions could be lifted during the working-level negotiations.","This is a departure from the Trump administration's previous stance that sanctions would be lifted only after denuclearization. So I think the bottom line is President Trump is looking for a deal. And potentially, now that working-level negotiations are going to resume, there is a deal to be had."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It's not literally a \"brand\" the president has; here it is referring to his own style and approach.","questions":"How is the president's \"brand\" being referred to in turn 2?","answer":"Style"}
{"text":["Unidentified Children's Choir: (Singing) They don't teach us the ABCs We play on the hard concrete All we got is life on the streets All we got is life on the streets","(Singing) Rock, you know my era B-boy seasoning, salt-n-pepa Grown and sexy, come with the extra Crushed up linen, fly like Cessna\u2026","Mr.  K'NAAN: I have so many different influences and inspirations and I feel like there's never a reason to disguise those influences. I think \"ABC's\" is just like a classic K'naan song in the sense that it gives you the conflict of, should I dance or should I think, you know.","Does suffering make for more realistic rap lyrics and provide more credibility the more you suffer?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : All they have is the way of life that takes place outside of buildings.","questions":"Which element of the children's life is described in the song they are singing?","answer":"Crowding"}
{"text":["Oh anywhere in the blood stream would be fine. The only question would be is it better if it's just floating, as you say, or would it be better to put in a very tiny micro drug-coated stent and keep it somewhere, you know, like in the wrist or someplace that's accessible. So that is another - which one of those paths is better is still not clear.","Are there any dangers associated, that we know of, of putting a sensor like that in our body?","Well, multiple centers are doing it, and there's already, you know, models being done in animal studies, and there doesn't appear to be any danger, and it goes even beyond heart attack. You could pick up antibodies before diabetes is struck in auto-immune diabetes or cancer cells. So there's a lot of things that it has potential for if we can get these nano chips to last a long time, powered by the blood, the movement of the blood, so there's no other power need, which is also a big advance.","For people with heart disease, do you have a sense of how much is sort of genetics, the stuff you're born with, and how much are environmental effects?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B is expressing concern about the safety implications of putting a sensor in the body, and is seeking more information on the subject from A","questions":"What is PersonB's main concern regarding putting a sensor in the body?","answer":"Safety"}
{"text":["That is correct. This is a safe, sound and solid pick. And, you know, that's pretty much evidence that this was a decision made by the head and not by the heart - and maybe not entirely by Donald Trump's head alone because he likes to say he's most comfortable with decisions he makes on gut feelings.","And he's been very interested in a couple of other prospects that he feels a lot of affinity with. Newt Gingrich, as you know, Chris Christie have been very much in the running. Those are both much better known names. And they might not add much to Trump's political assets, but they would certainly be dynamic personalities on stage with him.","So the Pence choice was widely reported on Thursday and then sort of denied on Thursday night and then announced on Friday, after all, by tweet. What's going on with that?","Well, you know, it's been reported by CNN and NBC that Trump himself was undecided on this issue as late as Thursday night. Campaign chairman Paul Manafort has refused to say when the choice was really made, only to say that it was made by Donald Trump before he sent out that tweet on Friday morning."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implied meaning: Although there may be variations in how people interpret it, the speaker is fairly confident that a significant number of individuals will understand that there is an underlying or implicit message conveyed through this turn. The meaning might not be immediately apparent and could require additional context, but the speaker believes that most people will recognize that there is a subtext or insinuation.","questions":"What is the PersonA's level of confidence regarding the understanding of the underlying message in turn 2?","answer":"Confidence"}
{"text":["Wow.",". . . Actually the night he died. So he was a very well-respected young person by our staff, by our students and our community. And, you know, it was a very shame that that did happen.","I'm so impressed. I gather the youngsters themselves in your school came up with the idea of electing them king and queen. I got to tell you. . .","Yeah, you know, you think about social media as something that's bad sometimes. Well, they - her friends and his friends kind of started a little social media thing and the adults weren't even totally aware. And they wanted to - they wanted to have them be king and queen. Now, it wasn't, you know, the whole school. It wasn't everybody. It was a very tight group of kids that really. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : I'm so impressed. I gather the youngsters themselves in your school came up with the idea of electing them king and queen. I got to tell you... Implicated Meaning: B is expressing admiration and surprise. The phrase \"I'm so impressed\" indicates that B finds the idea of the youngsters coming up with the idea of electing a king and queen to be impressive. B's use of \"I gather\" suggests that this information was not explicitly stated but was deduced or inferred by B. It implies that B is intrigued or fascinated by the youngsters' initiative.","questions":"How did PersonB react to the idea of electing a king and queen?","answer":"Impressed"}
{"text":["Being an African-American police officer is one of the most difficult things that you'll do because there are African-American police officers all around this country and in this city who I talk to on a daily bases that, even before recent history, believe that there were issues between police officers and young black men. And one of the things that I think creates the problem - I've heard the word utilized a lot in describing the relationship - is that African-American men and particularly young men - say late teens to early-to-mid-30s - are - the word used is demonized.","And there are black officers that you talk to on a daily basis who will tell you that it's tough. I see this, and I still have to be accepted. I still have to be a part of the police culture, living in two worlds.","But I'll say that if you're a black police officer in America, there are some difficulties simply because you know that your race and gender has been on the receiving end of some very serious and questionable uses of force, whether they be deadly or just plain force used to make an arrest. So it is seen as something that - a burden that we carry as African-American men who also work in police profession.","Lieutenant Thomas Glover is president of the Black Police Association of Greater Dallas. Lieutenant Glover, thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) Turn A: The implied meaning is that being an African-American police officer is particularly challenging because of the negative perceptions and biases that exist towards young black men, and that this can create tension and difficulties in relationships between police officers and the communities they serve.","questions":"How are young black men often described in relation to police officers, according to the dialogue?","answer":"demonized"}
{"text":["(Laughter).","Did that work for you?","Yeah. I mean, because it's similar to what the TV show does. They tease some things. Some things get a few seconds. Some things are the main themes. And I felt that they really focused on two main lines here. I think, for me, they were the two main themes of this one. One is that downstairs, it turns out that the royals come with their own servants. And their own servants are very snooty. They're snootier than the king and queen. . . .","Yeah.",". . . As it turns out. And upstairs, the Dowager countess, Maggie Smith - no one else - is dealing with succession issues and who's going to run things in the future. And that also becomes an interesting plot. So those are the two main ones for me. But there's all kinds of other ones that are kind of peeking in around the edges.","I didn't think Maggie Smith could shine any more than she does in the television series, but she really did."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The servants and royals believe that they are better than everyone else.","questions":"Which characters are snooty?","answer":"Crowding"}
{"text":["And Border Patrol agents are making a lot of trips to the hospital with sick children up and down the Southwest border - nearly 70 kids a day since December, they say. But immigration officials say it's just hard to keep up with the sheer numbers here. It's putting a huge strain on resources, and they're asking Congress for billions of additional dollars to deal with it.","In the meantime, what more have you learned in your reporting about the death of Carlos Hernandez Vasquez?","Well, a couple of things. One thing that really stands out is that Carlos Hernandez Vasquez died in a Border Patrol station. The previous migrant children who died were taken to the hospital first; Hernandez Vasquez was not even though immigration authorities clearly knew that he was sick. He was diagnosed with the flu by a nurse practitioner.","On the same day, Customs and Border Protection moved him to a different Border Patrol station where they could separate him from the other migrants to stop the spread of the flu. Even Health and Human Services officials were concerned about how ill he was. This is the agency that's responsible for long-term care of unaccompanied children. And HHS decided that Hernandez Vasquez could not be flown to a shelter in Florida because of his illness. So in retrospect, critics say it's hard to see why they did not take him to the hospital."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The situation of sick children at the border is worse than immigration officials claim","questions":"Which Border Patrol station did Carlos Hernandez Vasquez die in?","answer":"Border"}
{"text":["Hello, Ira, nice to talk to you.","Why do they call you the Indiana Jones of. . .","Well because I've gone out around the world, you know, doing different archaeological investigations, which have turned up some pretty unusual fermented beverages (unintelligible).","Like what?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : this entire line is more joking, unusual fermented beverages just means they went around the world and found different alcoholic beverages depending on the country and culture. ","questions":"Which investigations did PersonA do around the world?","answer":"Archaeological"}
{"text":["When she decided it was not in the national interest to grant security clearances for these 25 individuals, her supervisor overruled her and never provided any rationale for his decisions. In the past, when she was overruled on rare occasion, they would - supervisor would point out the mitigating circumstances and would work with her to assess the risk. Her former supervisor Carl Kline wouldn't speak to her, in fact would direct her not to get involved in these disputed security adjudications.","There has been reporting that President Trump got personally involved in order to grant security clearances for his son-in-law and others. Do you have any awareness of that?","My client would have no direct awareness of that. It was at a much higher level than she was operating at.","What led your client Tricia Newbold to conclude that the problems she was seeing in her office could not be addressed within the executive branch that she works for but instead needed to be addressed by Congress?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"What led your client Tricia Newbold to conclude that the problems she was seeing in her office could not be addressed within the executive branch that she works for but instead needed to be addressed by Congress?\"  The phrase \"addressed by Congress\" is figurative, as it means that the issues raised by Tricia Newbold needed to be dealt with by the legislative branch of government, rather than just the executive branch where she worked.","questions":"Which branch of government did Tricia Newbold believe needed to address the problems she was seeing in her office? (Answer: Congress)","answer":"Congress"}
{"text":["Well, I think one of my roles - at least the way I pretty much defined my life and work for 35 years in the academy and was quite lucky in serendipitous ways began teaching at Yale at the time of the moment that's now considered, I guess, the revolutionary moment at Yale with the Black Panthers and Bobby Seale and Erica Huggins and others.","So, I always saw a kind of resistive undercurrent in the university even at its Ivy League level. And I've tried to identify myself in the academy with that resistive undercurrent. And I've tried to maintain an integrity of my public appearances and what I write that never refuses to look at the fact that racism, in my estimation, is more rampant in the United States and globally than ever before.","One can say is the glass half-full or half-empty. I think that's mere casuistry. It seems to me that the glass is empty for the majority of Americans now, not just black Americans, and it's not near any liquid refreshments source that I know of, the foreclosures, the economics of the present time, the war.","It seems to me that Henry Louis Gates Jr.  and Cornel West made a deliberate turn at a certain point in their career and decided, in the case of Mr.  Gates for example, that he was not going to do another profoundly brilliant book in his\u2026","Well, professor, I'm sorry, we have to wrap this up. There's a lot there, but thank you so much, Professor Baker."],"speaker":["A","A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker believes that Gates and West intentionally shifted their focus away from producing groundbreaking works in their field.","questions":"What is the specific career field that Gates and West intentionally shifted their focus away from producing groundbreaking works in, according to the speaker in turn 3?","answer":"Field"}
{"text":["Absolutely not - no deal. You know, Congress recognized, when the Environmental Protection Agency was established in 1970, that California was the first to set their own car standards, even before we had a federal agency dealing with air pollution. And they have allowed California, for the last 50 years, to set emission standards that are more stringent than the federal government. So California has been the laboratory of innovation when it comes to reducing emissions from cars.","Is the auto industry essentially telling the Trump White House it's going to be - it's going to create market instability for us to have to manufacture according to U. S.  national standards and California national standards?","That's one of the issues. But it's more than that. Because if the Trump administration moves forward rolling back the standards, California and 18 other states that reflect more than 50% or 60% of the car sales in the country will challenge that decision in courts. And it will take three to four years. . .","Oh."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : So California has been where innovation has been occuring and tested.","questions":"What state has been the laboratory of innovation when it comes to reducing emissions from cars?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["Rod Blagojevich appealed for his sentence to be reduced last year. A judge refused, saying his long sentence is deserved, but Blagojevich's lawyer attached letters from a hundred other prisoners who spoke of his kindness and spirit. He was at the top level, wrote a man who identified himself as a convicted drug dealer, and now he is in prison with so many true felons and he accepts that as fate with his head held high, no ego, no arrogance and, most importantly, with humble humility.","A portrait of Rod Blagojevich in ornate, official hallways could remind governors who follow why citizens can be cynical about politicians. It might remind politicians not to think that getting elected endows them with honesty, wisdom or character. And, yes, it might give a disgraced politician a little recognition for finding a way to make his life useful to others.","(Singing) The warden threw a party in the county jail. The prison band was there, and they began to wail. The band was jumpin' and the joint began to swing.","The King. You're listening to NPR News."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (Singing) The warden threw a party in the county jail. The prison band was there, and they began to wail. The band was jumpin' and the joint began to swing.  Implicated meaning: The warden organizing a party in the county jail and having the prison band perform creates an atmosphere of excitement and enjoyment, turning the otherwise somber and restrictive environment of a jail into a lively and energetic place.","questions":"Which environment was transformed by the warden organizing a party in the county jail?","answer":"Jail"}
{"text":["I was one of those kids raised on whole wheat spaghetti and NPR every day in the car, but especially on weekends when we drove the hour from the relatively small town of Hanford, California, where I grew up, to the big city where we shopped at Costco and saw movies that never made it to our town. It was all NPR all the time.","It was 1995 and my family was taking an epic cross-country trip to see America from the windows of a minivan. I was hoping the letters would land us a tour of NPR during the few days we were planning to spend in Washington, D. C.  That little letter writing campaign and the people who responded changed my life. And I don't mean that in some abstract way.","First I heard from Cokie. Whatever you do don't major in communications, she said. And then Scott Simon invited my family into his home where we sat on a peach-colored leather couch and my little brother played with Scott's ancient cat. His advice - consider majoring in philosophy. I did. It was one of the hardest things I've ever done, but it taught me how to break apart arguments, how to ask the right questions. Liane Hansen responded too.","High school senior Tamara Keith. . ."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) Although the speaker is talking about a letter writing campaign, the actual meaning is that the campaign opened up an opportunity for the speaker to visit NPR and meet people who had a significant impact on her life.","questions":"How did the letter writing campaign impact the PersonA's life?","answer":"Visit"}
{"text":["So I shaved my head kind of as a social experiment, you know?And sure enough, no more hey, baby, you know?But suddenly I was public enemy No. 1. People thought I was a skinhead or some kind of punk that was going to break something or steal something.","People were visibly intimidated - which, again, here's a girl moving through the world, craving eye contact, craving human connection, even fleeting connection, passersby, you know?And so the fact that people no longer even would look me in the eye was - it really weighed on me, and it started to accumulate in my chest. Even people who are politely nervous just eventually enraged me.","(Singing) I am not an angry girl, but it seems like I've got everyone fooled. Every time I say something they find hard to hear, they chalk it up to my anger and never to their own fear.","You had - as you talked about in the book, you were struggling with this idea of how to make art and how to sell your art or even if you should."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : People's avoidance made the speaker feel isolated and angry","questions":"How did people's behavior affect the PersonA's emotions?","answer":"Isolated"}
{"text":["Why change the law to assure social benefits will go to people, regardless of immigration status?","Immigrants contribute to our country economically. Immigrants pay taxes. And when we begin to unify our systems, I think that we will get more cohesive immigration policy, economic policy, political policy. I think that there's a political argument, an economic argument, a moral argument, for doing so. And I think it sends a message that if you contribute to our society, you should benefit from our society.","Now you're correct that immigrants pay taxes, and even people who are here without legal status often end up paying taxes. And yet, you can see the objection to that. Why should someone who is here illegally be able to claim Medicare, to claim Social Security, who knows what else?","Well, I mean, why should a billionaire who evades taxes collect Social Security, too?I think that what we can do is we can tighten up our systems and increase accountability. But what this says is that we will not discriminate solely based on immigration status."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : We need shift focus to stop the people who are scamming the system and not discriminate against honest people because they are immigrants.","questions":"Which group of people should not be discriminated against solely based on their immigration status?","answer":"Immigrants."}
{"text":["Well, Yelena Grigoryeva was an activist. A few years ago, she came out and said that she was a gay woman and began to defend LGBT rights in St.  Petersburg. And the community of LGBT in St.  Petersburg is quite vibrant. They're victims. Almost all of them are victims of violence. They get attacked during their rallies. They receive horrible, nasty threats. And Yelena Grigoryeva, shortly before her death, received a photograph of a knife. So her friends say it cannot be just a coincidence. . .","Yeah.",". . . That she receives a photograph of a knife and then she gets stabbed to death.","Now, a local news site reports that a suspect has been arrested. What is known about the crime and the man who's been arrested?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : came out implies she revealed publicly that she is gay","questions":"What was Yelena Grigoryeva's cause?","answer":"LGBT"}
{"text":["Well, we've had a number of things at home, and the one work, when I go through our front door, what I love is Jeff Koon's Bunny. It's polished stainless steel made to look like a blown up balloon bunny. That makes me smile.","You've set out this challenge for MOCA. You've said, here, I'll help you with this money, but you've got to make some changes. What advice would you give to the rest of this country - other failing business out there right now?","I think everyone has to recognize that we're in a different era. It means budgets have to be cut. We've got to have contingency plans, and we're got to ride it out. But I must say, this is the worst situation since the Great Depression, without any doubt in my mind.","Is there a silver lining in this?Have you seen any difference in prices - prices dropping?Has that helped you maybe acquire things that you wanted to acquire."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A silver lining means, something that is good that comes out of something that is not good","questions":"What does the term \"silver lining\" mean?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["Sampson Davis - make that Dr.  Sampson Davis - has a lot of his life tied up in Newark, New Jersey. And Newark and a lot of other inner cities have a lot tied up in him. Dr.  Davis wrote a previous book, \"The Pact,\" about an agreement he made with two high school friends to become doctors. They did. And in a new book, he describes his experience in returning to be an emergency room physician in the Beth Israel Hospital in Newark - in which he was born - in a way that shines light on the particular needs of health care in inner-city America. Sampson Davis' new book is \"Living and Dying in Brick City: An E. R. Doctor Returns Home. \"Dr.  Sampson Davis joins us from the studios of WBGO in Newark. Thanks so much for being with us.","DR.  SAMPSON DAVIS: Oh, thank you for having me.","You know, a lot of people, with the blessings of their friends and family, would have gotten out of inner-city Newark, gone to medical school and then become a plastic surgeon in Beverly Hills. What made you come back?","You know, for me, my calling was a bit different. It was important for me to come back and to become a beacon of hope, if you will, to show young people especially that education can change a life. And it changed my life and it saved my life in so many ways."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In turn (3), the speaker asks Dr. Sampson Davis why he chose to come back to inner-city Newark and become an emergency room physician, even though he could have pursued a more lucrative career elsewhere. The question implies that many people would have left the inner city if they had the opportunity to do so, but Dr. Davis made a different choice.","questions":"How did Dr. Sampson Davis become a beacon of hope in inner-city Newark?","answer":"Physician"}
{"text":["And how long ago was this?","This was in the beginning of 2007.","And then, what happened with these new terms of your loan?","Well, I was pretty upset about my son and real focused on that and sort of trusted a friend of a friend. And the new terms, I didn't find out until much later, were very bad. I have a balloon payment after five years. I paid 20,000 to get into the loan. I have to pay 20,000 to get out of the loan, and my payments are 1,625 a month."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Not a payment on a balloon, but a very large payment to make.","questions":"What kind of payment does the speaker have after five years?","answer":"Balloon"}
{"text":["Then on top of that, last year, there was this thing called the beast from the east, which was a deep freeze coming across Italy and Greece, and that destroyed a lot of trees. Olive trees are very hardy, but they can't take extreme cold. If it's below 10 degrees Fahrenheit for just a matter of hours, it can kill the tree. So Italian farmers these days are thinking they can't catch a break. This is a confluence of factors, which has led to an overall production of around 185,000 tons this season, which is not very good.","Is it really possible that Italy could run out of olive oil next month?","Well, you know, Italy is not as big, for example, a producer as Spain, you know, and we see a lot of headlines right now that says Italy will be forced to be an olive oil importer. Well, Italy is the largest olive oil importer in the world and always has been, but it has just a limited amount of its own production to go around. So what - I think it's really more a matter of Italy running out of stock, running out of stocks of its own olive oil. And all of the bottling that goes on there and the exporting that goes on in Italy will be using oils from other origins.","We have to ask in this day and age, is climate change affecting the Italian olive oil production industry?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Climate change could be affecting Italian olive oil production.","questions":"How could extreme cold temperatures impact olive trees in Italy?","answer":"Climate"}
{"text":["How. . .",". . . they're going to get cold.","Will this rise that you're predicting be noticeable in 100 years?Will the change affect the weather then?","You know, if the driving forces are, you know, according to some of the scenarios that are out there, yes; according to some of the others, no. And it remains to be seen what climate is actually going to do."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Turn (4): \"And it remains to be seen what climate is actually going to do.\" This response is a figurative way of saying that the future is uncertain and unpredictable. The literal meaning of the words is that the speaker does not know what the climate will do, but the figurative meaning is that the future is always unknown and there are many factors that can influence it.","questions":"How would you describe the figurative meaning of turn 3?","answer":"Unknown"}
{"text":["The tech companies cover a whole spectrum of businesses. And I think you'd have to go through the processes and procedures we have in place to look at, are they hurting competition, and are they negatively affecting the prices that consumers pay for their services and their goods.","Well, a lot of research has been done into it. What do you think?Do you think they are?","I think that Amazon, in certain ways, clearly is restraining the creation of businesses. And I think that's an important filter. That's my entrepreneurial filter. I mean, Amazon is able to see which of their vendors are most successful in selling their products. And then if Amazon decides to, they can go and acquire that specific company. That seems like an unfair competitive advantage to many people.","You said that red tape is preventing the creation of businesses. President Trump has famously made deregulation a big part of his pitch to the American people. Does President Trump have a point?Are we an overly regulated society?","When you get rid of all the regulations, as Donald Trump is suggesting, really, we become incredibly vulnerable to what appear to be small decisions, but they become bigger decisions. We need regulation. What I was saying is we don't need red tape, right?While I was governor, we went through 24,500 rules and regulations. And we looked for the red tape that really is not adding regulatory value."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Tech companies may have negative impact on competition and consumer prices.","questions":"Which filter does PersonA mention that is important in regards to Amazon?","answer":"Competitive"}
{"text":["One person called them old guard reactionaries who are grabbling for crumbs from the table. Another called them seat warmer saying they have nothing new to offer. And that led to a larger conversation about Obama's support among blacks where black folks stand on the Democratic Party.","And we are in good old Black History Month now. Of course, we are black 365 days a year.","That's right.","But from what I've read on our blog, not everybody thinks the black history month is a good idea."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : : But from what I've read on our blog, not everybody thinks the black history month is a good idea. (The literal meaning is that there are people who don't believe in celebrating Black History Month. The actual meaning is that there is debate and differing opinions within the black community about the significance and effectiveness of Black History Month.)","questions":"How do some members of the black community feel about Black History Month?","answer":"Debate"}
{"text":["Then, Francisco Lopez fired back with this. (Reading) Socialist, how interesting that we would call policies to get us out of the economic hole that when the political thought of the last 30 years has simply been welfare for the rich.","Then Qwende Madu(ph) chimed in with this. (Reading) Pure Republican haberdash. The government didn't require banks to make bad loans. They did so of their own accord. Furthermore, the stimulus package is not meant to replace private investment but is the last resort meant to show entrepreneurs that the economy is still viable.","And Walter Groppe(ph) has cheered our guest with this remarks. (Reading) Government got us into this mess. That means, Democrats and Republicans should they be trying to get us out of it?No, the government needs to sit down, shut up and learn.","Now, moving on to another story. Ann Powers(ph) in St.  Louise, Missouri wrote us after she heard us replay a Roundtable with African-American mystery authors."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The policies would make drastic changes for the better to the economy.","questions":"What did Francisco Lopez call the political thought of the last 30 years?","answer":"Interesting"}
{"text":["Here's a novel idea for how to fix the auto industry, nationalize it, or at least nationalize the biggest American carmaker, GM. That's Los Angeles Times car columnist Dan Neil's idea. And, Dan, you mean basically just stop fooling around with bridge loans or anything like that and just outright buy GM?","Yeah, I don't see that the federal money that they're talking about really will save GM. I also think that, you know, we should just be intellectually honest about this. If this money, federal money, is going to come with all these conditions, including the idea that Congress is going to weigh in and adjudicate their future business plans, I mean, its nationalization. Just call it that and embrace it and move on.","What would be the advantages to owning GM?","It'd be cheaper than a loan that we'd never get back. Also, General Motors is a very, very strong company with, you know, something like $50 billion in real assets. And it's done a lot of the work to turn itself around. That's one of the ironies is that it was turning the giant ocean liner around when it happened to hit an iceberg, which was the credit crisis and some other problems that have made their chronic liabilities acute. But I think General Motors is a good investment."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Nationalizing the auto industry, or at least GM, is a better solution than bridge loans or other options.","questions":"How did Dan Neil suggest fixing the auto industry?","answer":"Nationalize"}
{"text":["And so, finally, what would affect this backlog?What would be the most - in your view, based on your experience - the most effective way to address this backlog - this enormous backlog of cases?","I think, to begin with, any high-volume court system - criminal courts, you know, outside of the immigration system - can only survive when you have - the two parties are able to conference cases, are able to reach pre-case settlements, are able to reach agreements on things. If you could imagine in the criminal court system, if every jaywalking case had to go through a - you know, a full jury trial and then, you know, get appealed all the way up as high as it could go, that system would be in danger of collapse as well. So I think you have to return to a system where you allow the two sides to negotiate things.","And you also have to give the judges - let them be judges. Give them the tools they need to be judges and the independence they need to be judges. And lastly, you have to prioritize the cases.","Before we let you go, I assume that there were different political perspectives at this conference, given that people come from all different sectors of that - of the bar. And I just wondered - and I assume that there are some there who favor more restrictionist methods and some who don't. I was wondering, overall, was there a mood at this conference?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : cases implies situations, issues or conditions and not suitcases or packs","questions":"Which word implies situations, issues or conditions based on the turn mentioned in the statement?","answer":"Situations"}
{"text":["All right, we'll have to keep our eye on that one. You mention the Super Bowl. I was going to bring up Santonio Holmes but you did it. You know, last year you and I had a bet about the Super Bowl which I won. This year, I guess you are afraid. . .","No (laughing).","To bet - to bet with me. Were you surprised that it turned out the way that it did?I know you thought Pittsburgh probably was going to win, but I bet you were really scared with about a minute left in the game.","I was stunned. I mean, I thought, you know, I thought the game turned at intermission, you know, when the NFL's most valuable player rumbled a hundred yards Harris(ph) within a reception. But yeah, I was stunned by the catch. I think the entire world was stunned by what has to be the most perfect throw and catch in Super Bowl history. I mean. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : most perfect catch in superbowl history was implied","questions":"How was the catch in Super Bowl described?","answer":"perfect"}
{"text":["He ended up in a small town in Alabama where he did have an encounter with a local police officer. At that point, he told police he had had a canoeing accident. They led him to a local motel. He checked in, paid cash. The police came back later to try to locate him. And by that time, he'd wandered off into the woods.","Why might Mr.  Schrenker want people to believe he was dead?","Well, it turns out he faces just a host of financial problems, also some personal problems, I might add. The Indiana Securities Division, the Indiana Insurance Commissioner are both looking into very serious allegations of misappropriated money from his financial company.","And do you think, even given these problems, he might have had enough assets to help him flee the country?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Mr. Schrenker is in serious trouble and may be trying to escape legal consequences.","questions":"Which person is in trouble?","answer":"Mr.Schrenker"}
{"text":["Well, for the pilot test, for example, if we want to have a continuous ring, we don't actually have them uniformly distributed around the globe. For example we don't need the same density over the middle of the Pacific Ocean as we do over Christ Church itself. But by steering them and planning, you can have them appear in the right density in the sky over the places that need coverage.","And where - would those - those are under-covered places around the world. Where are the prime places for that?","There's lots of places. In the Southern Hemisphere alone, two-thirds of the countries, the cost of Internet access is higher than the average monthly income for people in those countries. Even in China and India, there's over a billion people that don't have good Internet coverage. So I think there's lots of places around the world where there's sort of remote and rural areas that don't have coverage, or it's unaffordable.","So would you have to keep relaunching new balloons as these go down just to keep that ring going?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It is not a test for pilots but a trial, first test to see how the system works.","questions":"Which profession was being tested?","answer":"Pilot"}
{"text":["With All Tech Considered.","The head of Instagram, Adam Mosseri, knows what it's like to be bullied. He also knows that today kids are likely to be bullied on Instagram. That's why he says he wants to lead the industry in the fight against online bullying.","I had, like, Coke bottle, Corbusier glasses at 5 years old that made my eyes as big as - I don't know - lemons.","I can picture that.","I had a haircut that made me look like Harry Potter long before Harry Potter existed or was cool. It was not a good look. I was made fun of a lot. But yeah, I probably would have been made fun of on Instagram."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : The speaker is implying that he would have been the victim of bullying if Instagram was around when he was young, so in essence he is implying that he supports the actions that Adam Mosseri is making.","questions":"What does the speaker imply by saying he had a \"haircut\"?","answer":"Harry"}
{"text":["Is there any recourse here whatsoever, and is there any way to see from here on out how companies are actually using this bailout money, to be very clear about where and who it's going to?","Well, if your question goes beyond executive compensation to how the money is being used, yeah, we have a special inspector general that is overseeing it. We also have the General Accounting Office doing some review. We do have a problem with the General Accounting Office; can it get bank records so we know what they're using their money for?No, we need to clarify that in the law. You know, the oversight is meant to be strong through the special inspector-general. As a practical matter, will it be?We're going to have to wait a month or two to find out.","Charles Grassley is the Republican senator from Iowa. Thank you very much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The oversight of the bailout money may not be as strong as it is intended to be.","questions":"How was the oversight of bailout money?","answer":"Uncertain"}
{"text":["But there are an unestimated huge number of them that are already in circulation and, one would presume, if they were to be outlawed, an underground market. I mean, does the bump stock just go far enough?","Well, I don't know. I mean, look, I think most Americans do support an individual's right to own a firearm. I certainly do. Now, the issue then becomes, you know - I don't think it's practical to suggest that we could have some kind of gun confiscation movement in this country. There are just probably hundreds of millions of firearms that are owned privately.","I wasn't suggesting that. But I mean, what about limiting the number of weapons or rounds that can be contained in a magazine, which used to be the law.","Well, that's a debate we will likely have. Some states have moved in that direction. But I would suggest that the other issue that many of us are talking about, too, is continuing to enhance background checks for the purchase of private sales of firearms. That is an issue that many of us are advancing. Pat Toomey and Joe Manchin advocated for legislation a few years. I had strongly supported it. Now, I don't want to suggest that, you know, enhancing background checks in any way would have stopped what happened in Las Vegas. From what I've learned so far, I mean. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) Implied meaning: While individuals should have the right to own firearms, it is not practical to suggest the mass confiscation of all firearms in the country.","questions":"Which right does PersonA believe most Americans support?","answer":"Firearm"}
{"text":["It doesn't want to concede to American pressure because it fears that if it concedes under pressure, that's going to project weakness and invite even more pressure. And so for that reason, you've seen, rather than Iran capitulating or compromising, they've begun escalating. But I think the endgame for both sides is - there's really no alternative to coming back to the negotiating table.","And there has been a string of headlines from the region involving Iran in recent weeks. This incident with the British tanker, of course, comes right after the U. S.  says it brought down an Iranian drone. Of course, Iran disputes that version of events. How connected are these events?","They're all interconnected. And essentially, the Trump administration's policy toward Iran has been to subject Iran to significant economic pressure and sanctions in the hopes that either Iran will come to the negotiating table and capitulate over its nuclear program or - I think there's some folks in the Trump administration, like national security adviser John Bolton, who would like to see the implosion of the Iranian regime.","And what Iran has done in response - Iran's supreme leader has been ruling for 30 years, and he's become pretty adept at these escalatory cycles. And he's adept at waving both the white flag of diplomacy and the black flag of radicalism and escalation. So on one hand, he sent his chief diplomat - Iranian Foreign Minister Javad Zarif - he was recently in New York City, and he met with a lot of Western journalists. And he was talking about Iran wanting to pursue dialogue and diplomacy."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The person thinks that the situation will come to an end with both sides negotiating with one another. There is no game or table.","questions":"Which endgame does the person mention?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["Well, we have very large ones - gorillas are our largest - all the way down to Cotton-top Tamarins, which are probably about a pound.","You've been there for quite a few hours already. How's the day going so far?","My morning has been fairly busy. I went down to our gorilla area. We have a gorilla that has some teeth issues, and we were brushing her teeth. We did a dental rinse on her and getting them ready to go out in their habitat for the day. And I went early this morning to our Mandrill building and was checking the exhibit. We're doing some rehab work and mandrills went out for the first time in several months.","Mandrills is a type of animal?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker is referring to different sizes of primates.","questions":"What is the largest primate at the PersonA's place of work?","answer":"Gorillas"}
{"text":["You mean somebody rational?","Yeah, someone he could work with.","Yeah.","That would be very good."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  while turn (3) implies agreement and understanding of the speaker's request.","questions":"How does PersonB respond to PersonA's suggestion?","answer":"Agreement"}
{"text":["So, you know, Emily, when your sister is in and out of the hospital, and you're bringing her books, you talk about teaching her about emotions. Can you just give an example of what you mean by that?Like, what is a conversation you had to have with your sister?","Well, it mostly happened, like, your emotions are biological events that happen in your body. It's physiological, real. Emotions are not just in your head. They are all over your body, in your chemistry. So she's reading these books, and she sees the word rage on the page and spontaneously bursts into sobs. And she calls me on the phone, and is like, your book here says that feelings are physical.","I was like, you're a choral conductor who expresses emotion through your body. You practice yoga. And she still, sort of, had not put it together that just because you've dealt with the stressors, that doesn't mean that you've dealt with the physical event of the stress in your body.","One of the lessons in your book is about completing the stress cycle. I loved this analogy of yours, this idea of a lion. Explain the concept of completing the stress cycle through the lion, Emily."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Emotions are not just mental, but physical experiences in the body.","questions":"How are emotions experienced?","answer":"Physical"}
{"text":["Oh, the case is certainly not closed. Don't forget. You have the inspector general that will be issuing the report very soon on the whole origin of this claim backed up by the Steele dossier that the president was colluding with the Russians. We now know the Steele dossier was a complete fabrication.","We should note Mueller declined to take questions on that today, so we didn't get any light shed on that today. Go on.","Correct. And right behind that, we have the U. S.  attorney's office investigating misconduct in both the intelligence and justice agencies. And we expected that to come out. And it has to because this is the use of the most powerful agencies in the federal government. And if, as is now becoming apparent, they were being used not by the Russian government but by the American government first to influence the 2016 election - and having failed that, to then undermine the duly elected president - that is a major development in American history. And we have to get on top of it.","Republican Congressman Tom McClintock of California - Congressman, thanks so much.","My pleasure. Thanks for having me."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : case closed meaning sufficiently looked into and dismissed","questions":"How was the Steele dossier described?","answer":"Fabrication"}
{"text":["You want to cook them until you see a little red in the butter. It's changing.","Next - chopped tomatoes. Once the tomatoes get juicy, he tosses in the greens. They've already been boiled in plain water.","If you look at the greens, they're not cooked to death. I want them to have a little bit of character, so we'll add the greens.","And finally - homemade chicken stock to finish out the sauce, which I call pot liquor.","Everything is about the sauce. You create that flavor, then I can put collard greens in here. I can put any green I want 'cause the base is really, really good."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"And finally - homemade chicken stock to finish out the sauce, which I call pot liquor.\" - The actual meaning of this turn is the same as its literal meaning. The speaker is adding homemade chicken stock to the sauce to enhance its flavor and texture, and refers to the sauce as \"pot liquor\".","questions":"Which ingredient does PersonB add to finish the sauce?","answer":"Chickenstock."}
{"text":["And I'm wondering how to square the situation now with - I remember interviewing you last year. You had a new book just out on Libya. You were telling me. . .","Yeah.",". . . This did not feel like a country at war, that markets were open, that there were signs of normalcy in Tripoli. That has now changed with these latest developments.","Tragically yes. I mean, of course the country's always had problems. But through international assistance and a U. N. -brokered effort, things were improving in Tripoli modestly. Libyans have a way of getting by. And of course that has all been reversed, so of course now you're seeing electricity blackouts, I mean, displaced. The militias have a newfound presence in the capital. So the country's really been put backward.","I should mention you were just in Libya for a few weeks last month, in Tripoli.","That's right."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Despite previous improvements, Libya has regressed due to latest developments","questions":"Which country has experienced regression despite previous improvements?","answer":"Libya"}
{"text":["What seems to be happening is that the numbers stay about the same, but that the types of people who are killed are actually, you know, have avalanche experience, are expert skiers who have taken avalanche training. There was this case of a woman, Olivia Buchanan, who died on Tuesday around Silverton, Colorado. And she had, you know, avalanche level-two training, was actually studying snow science at Montana State University.","So snow safety experts are now focusing more than ever on what are called human factors rather than trying to, you know, teach people how to analyze the snow to say whether the snow stability is good. So these are questions like, you know, are you being lured into a trap by groupthink?Do you want to impress your friends?And more often than not in an avalanche fatality, several of these factors are going to be present.","Are experienced skiers just pushing themselves more?","Some of it is just in the numbers. You know, there are more people than ever heading out into the backcountry. But the other piece of this is that skiing on tract powder in the backcountry is just like the most intoxicating form of skiing. You know, the images that we see in ski magazines, people flying down these high-alpine slopes. I mean, there's just nothing else like it."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In (4), \"Intoxicating form of skiing\" refers to the feeling of being overwhelmed with joy and excitement while skiing in the backcountry, and not being intoxicated with drugs or alcohol.","questions":"Which feeling does \"intoxicating form of skiing\" refer to?","answer":"joy"}
{"text":["And so where do we go from here?One of the things that happened after the decree was issued is the stock market plunged.","Well, at this point, we'll have to see. I mean, these huge numbers came out tonight. It's unclear if the president will have a new reaction to this, but in their mind, they have to push forward. They're going to get a constitution out even if it does lack some legitimacy internationally and domestically because of what's happened with these decrees, because of the walkouts that have come out.","And a lot of his political opponents, people that were unable, you know, Mohammed Morsi was elected also very - by a very slim margin of the population. So you're seeing former presidential candidates like Amr Moussa, once the foreign minister here, once the head of the Arab League, Mohamed ElBaradei, the Nobel laureate. Those people are really capitalizing on this real anger towards Mohammed Morsi and possibly rejuvenating their political careers. So we'll really have to see. We're seeing a very divided nation, and many people are very worried about what will happen next.","There is, as you mentioned, it is an Islamist victory in those elections, but it was not just the Muslim Brotherhood. A big fraction of that was Salafis, who are even more extreme."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Mohammed Morsi's political opponents are using the people's anger for their own gain","questions":"Which political opponents are capitalizing on the people's anger?","answer":"Mohamed"}
{"text":["One last, I think, pretty blunt question we've got in 40 seconds left - why is President Trump more critical of Alec Baldwin than he is of Vladimir Putin on this week when Putin shows an animated video of Russian missiles smacking Florida?","I, you know - I think if you look at the President Trump style with ISIS as an example - he doesn't like to tip his hand. He was critical of the last administration by declaring departure dates, and so forth and things going on in the Middle East. And I think he's been tougher on Russia and Vladimir Putin than any other administration, at least the last two.","Really?","And so I would say, stay tuned to that. He's pretty predictable in that way."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : President Trump avoids tipping his hand and is critical of previous administrations for declaring departure dates.","questions":"What is President Trump's approach towards tipping his hand and previous administrations declaring departure dates?","answer":"Tough"}
{"text":["Many people start off working either in tasting rooms or they work in a restaurant, maybe as a server. And then they want to know more about wines so they become a sommelier. Or they take classes for wine education. Or they become distributors for wine. Or they work for distributors for wine for different parts of the country.","We had a gentleman who went to Argentina and bought a vineyard and is starting to grow grapes and do it from the farming standpoint. Several of the members of our panel were growers, and so simply farmers, like growing tomatoes or growing roses in your garden, you learn how to cultivate vineyards.","Steve, thanks so much for your time.","Thank you for having us on your program."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Working with wine doesn't necessarily require formal education.","questions":"Which field does the gentleman from Argentina have experience in?","answer":"Farming."}
{"text":["You described some playwrights, Beckett, for example, as somebody whose work seems to back away from you the closer you get it. But Miller's play, you say, is not like that.","No. It wasn't like - my experience with Chekhov and Beckett was just what you call - that they get harder and harder as you go. But with \"Salesman,\" surprisingly, because it's fully as great a play as those others, it did welcome us and come toward us day by day. And then, we did a fairly smart thing, which is that we had a workshop just for ourselves for almost a month, and nobody ever saw it and we didn't perform it, but we just worked on it. And then as per plan, we went away for over three and a half months.","And then when we came back, we went into rehearsal and then finally got onstage and did it. And the three and a half months living and doing other things made a surprisingly big difference. It just sank into everybody and took enormous strides all on its own, and that was both exciting and surprising in its extent. And also, it was a clue to what was going to continue to happen, which is that it just burrowed deeper and deeper into the actors and they - into one another, and they have become a family. And they're - what goes on between them is - I've never seen - in my experience, I've never seen it quite like this.","Philip Seymour Hoffman obviously plays the lead role. Is - did the play come first or the actor come first?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : burrowed deeper and deeper implies that the work was engaging for the actors to perform","questions":"How did the actors feel about the play?","answer":"Engaging"}
{"text":["I want to start with this relationship that is still taking shape between President Trump and Speaker Ryan. They got off to a rocky start. Have they settled into a relationship where they can actually get anything done?","No. But I think it's. . .","To be blunt.","That's all I have to say about that. No, it's an odd marriage. It's one that I don't think anybody - either party or any of the people around them - thought would happen. And so it's been uneasy from the beginning. I think the Obamacare repeal-and-replace debacle from last month really kind of put it into focus that these are two men who just don't have a lot of the same interests or motivations. And so next week is going to be interesting in terms of trying to get some of those agenda items through. I would put more money on getting the government funded than on any sort of health care bill.","But there's - it's a difficult relationship because they just don't see eye to eye on much. And - the president has an agenda he's trying to pass. The speaker is trying to corral 216 or so Republicans who all have different interests as well. There's just not a lot of communication between the two groups."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : In turn (5), \"corral\" is a figurative expression used to describe the speaker's efforts to gather or control a group of people with differing interests, rather than literally herding cattle.","questions":"How did PersonA describe the PersonA's efforts to control a group of people with differing interests?","answer":"Difficult"}
{"text":["And it's interesting. As you talk about this, the catcher today has regained some of that reputation from those days.","I think so. I think the catcher's toughness is really recognized. And also, the catcher's unique position, as somebody who's part of the offense and part of the defense, plays a key role in what the pitcher throws and the pitcher's ability to throw, you know, particularly balls in the dirt, which are very hard.","You know, if you don't have a good catcher back there, then the whole team is lost. And so I think the catcher has really started to regain the reputation of being a key contributor to both, and I think that's why so many great managers are former catchers.","We've been talking about Deacon White, the newest member of baseball's Hall of Fame. Baseball historian Peter Morris, thanks very much for your time today."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Having a good catcher is crucial for the team's success and many great managers are former catchers.","questions":"Which position plays a key role in what the pitcher throws?","answer":"Treasury"}
{"text":["Yes, I do. I think General Kelly is right. I think a lot of America is out of touch with those of us who have served and the sacrifices that we've made or seen our colleagues make. And that's a divide that we ought to bridge. But you don't do that by politicizing an incident like this. You do it by taking responsibility for your actions. If you're the president, you say I don't think I said that, if that's what he believes. But if I offended the widow in any way, then I apologize.","Congressman, I - a bit off the central topic we've been talking about - did you know U. S.  forces were operating in Niger?","As a member of the armed services committee, I am aware of it but only very peripherally. This is not something that we have talked about or has been briefed to us extensively at all.","So you think there's more to be known about this mission and about U. S.  operations in that area of the world?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"As a member of the armed services committee, I am aware of it but only very peripherally. This is not something that we have talked about or has been briefed to us extensively at all.\" Implicated meaning: The speaker has limited knowledge about the specific topic mentioned, despite being a member of the committee responsible for it.","questions":"How extensively has the topic been briefed to the speaker?","answer":"Peripherally"}
{"text":["And voters - how are they responding to it?","Well, voters I spoke with today were really unhappy with this redo election. They didn't seem to change their minds, and they mostly voted for the same candidate that they voted for last time. Netanyahu's supporters were very confident in their support for him. But when it came to his main opponent, the retired general, Benny Gantz, his supporters were a lot more pessimistic about his chances. He's a centrist, and some of them are hoping that at least Netanyahu will build a coalition with that centrist party and that could moderate an otherwise right-wing government.","And this is a complex election - right?- with many political parties. What are people saying about the most likely outcomes?","Well, in the last election, Gantz, who's the centrist, the former general, he was slightly ahead. And then Netanyahu pulled ahead. And then when the actual votes were counted, they tied. They had a 35-35 tie. And so now we're going to be looking at that same situation, it appears. If Netanyahu hangs on, he could try to build a right-wing alliance or ally with centrists, including Gantz. All of this is going to depend on one wild card, and that is Avigdor Lieberman. He's right wing, but he could tip either way."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The voters did not seem to change their opinions when they voted again.","questions":"How did voters respond to the redo election?","answer":"Unhappy"}
{"text":["So it was a very protracted civil war, but during the 17-month period that Rios Montt was the leader of the country, the scorched earth campaign that he presided over was the, by far, the most violent period in this protracted civil war. The United Nations, it was instrumental in establishing a truth commission for the country in the late 1960s after the civil war ended. And it was chaired by a German - a law professor.","And it found that there were acts of genocide against the Ixil Mayans during this period that the trial covered. And so its findings confirmed after extensive research that, again, as you said, there was a very protracted civil war, but this period was, by far, the period of most staggering violence.","And that commission, I believe, found that of the 200,000 people who were killed over the course of the whole civil war, I believe they found that 83 percent were Mayans. And that was the foundation for their finding that acts of genocide were committed.","And as I understand it, in the cities of Guatemala (unintelligible) there were many individuals who were targeted, identified as labor leaders or insurgents, one way or another, and murdered or disappeared. In the countryside it was indiscriminate. Everybody was a target."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The civil war had good parts and bad parts. He lead the country and destroyed as much of it as possible.","questions":"How would you describe Rios Montt's leadership during the civil war?","answer":"Enthusiastic"}
{"text":["The flaws that one makes, that one has, are more apparent. The mistakes one makes are more apparent when you've died. The sweet scent of marjoram sweeps away all the contradictions, but yet Jesse Jackson has been the most extraordinary rhetorical genius to articulate the vision, the virtue, and the value of black life in the American public square.","Al Sharpton has emerged in the last few years. Reverend Al Sharpton himself sees himself as part of the legacy of Martin Luther King Jr. , but at the same time, he worked up north, Dr.  King worked down south. Jessie Jackson, of course, worked in Chicago. And these two gentlemen then challenged some of the prevailing forms of oppression in the midst of a northern culture that had not yet tested its commitment to civil rights.","And Jesse Jackson and Al Sharpton forced them to grapple with it. Jackson in Chicago, Sharpton in New York, especially focusing on police brutality and forms of white mob violence directed against vulnerable black people. Barack Obama\u2026","And then - yeah, Barack Obama has a sort of different place in the\u2026"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The literal meaning of this sentence is that Jesse Jackson and Al Sharpton forced people to confront an issue. The actual meaning, however, is that these two individuals were vocal and prominent in their advocacy for civil rights and specifically addressing issues of police brutality and violence against black people.","questions":"Which issue did Jesse Jackson and Al Sharpton force people to grapple with?","answer":"Police-brutality"}
{"text":["Yeah, thank you.","So tell us what the article said.","Well, it's very interesting. It's in the Jesuit magazine La Civilta Cattolica. It's a very historic magazine, the Jesuits, of course, being the same order that Pope Francis - an order of priest that Pope Francis is a part of. And what's very interesting is that these two authors are known to be quite close to him. One, Antonio Spadaro, was the person who interviewed him in 2013 and made a big splash. And what they're saying is that they're concerned about ties between fundamental evangelicals and, kind of, right-wing Catholics in the U. S.  that are focused only on very neuralgic issues and kind of dividing in politics.","And the article, I believe, specifically talks about xenophobic and Islamophobic views.","Yeah. What the authors say is that, you know, Pope Francis has really been trying to create a culture of dialogue encounter, really working with people across all the spectrums. And what the two authors in this article are saying is that these right-wing groups in the U. S.  have been really doing the opposite. Where Pope Francis is trying to build bridges, they're trying to build walls. And they're playing up concerns about migration, about refugees. And they're kind of operating in the exact opposite way of the pope which, for a Catholic, is obviously a very strange thing.","All right, this article also directly mentions President Donald Trump and his adviser Steve Bannon. What does it say about them?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Thank you\" - The literal meaning is an expression of gratitude or appreciation.","questions":"What did PersonA say in response to PersonB's request to tell them what the article said?","answer":"Thank"}
{"text":["As for the money that AIG does borrow from the government, the interest rate will be lower. The interest rate the government charged before was very high, and the reason it did this was political. The government knew that taxpayers wouldn't like lending AIG money. So, they wanted to take - make some of the terms of the loan pretty harsh so no one could come back and say, you know, this was some kind of sweetheart deal. Well, now the rate is going to be much more manageable. The company will have more time to pay it off.","Now, in exchange for this, AIG will have to agree to restrictions on financial compensation for five top executives. AIG, as you may remember, got into a lot of trouble because it sent some agents on expensive treatments to spas in California right after receiving the bailout. So, this compensation is kind of a sensitive issue for the company.","And what about taxpayers?Can we expect to get any of that money back from AIG at some point?","Well, as I said, you know, the government is going to be buying $40 billion in AIG stock. The money will come from the big, $700 billion bailout plan that Congress approved in September. You know, some of that, taxpayers presumably will get back if stock goes up. You know, but nobody really knows."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : AIG will have to agree to restrictions on executive compensation because of past misuse of bailout money.","questions":"How was AIG affected by past misuse of bailout money?","answer":"restrictions"}
{"text":["Is he crankery and colorful, or does he cross the line?","Judge Ellis is a judge who is - likes to run a clean and efficient trial. He doesn't like trials to veer off - off course. In other words, he wants the parties to present the evidence that the jurors need to hear to render a decision. Along the way, he's active - maybe more active than other judges. He can be difficult to both parties, and he can be stern.","Is there any reason for either side to worry that there could be grounds for an appeal in his conduct so far?","I'd say no. The standard for a judge's behavior that would - in other words, that would rise to the level of an appellate issue - is fairly high. In essence, it has to be a situation where the judge is substituting - the effect of his conduct is to substitute his judgment for that of the jurors. Comments that he makes to counsel can be solved with a curative instruction. We saw that a couple of days ago.","Curative instruction meaning, I'm sorry I said that. Disregard that."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Judge Ellis is a strict judge who likes to run a tight ship.","questions":"Which word describes Judge Ellis' approach to running a trial?","answer":"Efficient"}
{"text":["Yeah, I'm glad you like that one. That's one of my favorite and I really overdrew that one.","You were - you've become one of the best-known cartoonists in America, but even still, what's your acceptance versus rejection ratio?","Oh, yeah (laughter). This is classically bad. This is, you know, across the board for everyone at The New Yorker. We're supposed to turn in 10 gag ideas, you know, at a sketch level, and on a really good week they'll buy one, so 90 percent rejection is doing great.","I noticed the book is dedicated to your parents. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) A: \"This is classically bad. This is, you know, across the board for everyone at The New Yorker. We're supposed to turn in 10 gag ideas, you know, at a sketch level, and on a really good week they'll buy one, so 90 percent rejection is doing great.\"","questions":"How much is the rejection percentage at The New Yorker?","answer":"90"}
{"text":["You know, I'm not sure exactly where the cuts will take place. I know they've got several issues in mind. I think it's definitely a reflection upon the times right now, and how difficult the environment is for financial service firms.","You wrote in your piece today that the bonus pool is still the sixth largest on record. How much money was it overall?","Overall, it was 18. 4 billion, but it was down from about 33 billion last year. So it's a decline, but it's still, like you said, the sixth largest, so there's been thoughts that the past compensations have gotten a little excessive. So there's definitely an argument that that was the case.","And all of this in the wake of a bonus scandal at Merrill Lynch. What's been going on there?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The past compensations for financial firms have been excessive.","questions":"How much was the bonus pool overall?","answer":"Scandal"}
{"text":["Thank you.","So, first off, what is criminalistics?","Criminalistics is the application of the physical sciences to matters of law and science. The physical sciences being biology, chemistry and physics, and any question that might become of interest to not only law enforcement but the legal system in general, whether it's criminal or civil law. Questions of science can be answered and aid in the assignment of responsibility and guilt or innocence in certain types of situations.","Duane, why don't you describe to us some of the work that you did with actual cases when you were at the California Department of Justice?I mean, what was your job, literally and physically?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : you imply that something is the case you imply that something is the case","questions":"How did PersonA express gratitude?","answer":"Thank"}
{"text":["He went to his local bar and he didn't sit on the sidelines there. He took center stage and actually played a kind of Balkan fiddle called a gusle. And everyone stood around and clapped and applauded him. And he was sitting under a portrait of Radovan Karodzic, this man who was the hero for most of the people in the bar. And not one of them spotted the resemblance.","He lived across the stairwell in his block of flats from a woman who worked with Interpol. And her - every time she went into work, she logged on to her computer and saw the world's most wanted, including Osama bin Laden and Radovan Karodzic. And the penny never dropped. It was like a long-running performance that only came to an end really when his brother made a vital slip.","He made a phone call, right?What happened?","He made a phone call. And he used a SIM card that he shouldn't have used. It was one that was on the files of the people chasing Karodzic.","To put you on the spot a bit, does a sentence like this that comes 21 years after the Srebrenica massacre serve as a deterrent to alleged war crimes being committed today, let's say in Syria and\/or Iraq?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The phone call made by the person was a mistake that led to their identification as a potential associate of the war criminal Radovan Karadzic.","questions":"What was the mistake made by the person that led to their identification?","answer":"Phone"}
{"text":["Well, we knew something was going to happen. We were preparing for it, but you didn't know where. And we were all set to jump on the - would be the take-off on the flight - night of the 4th, so D-Day would have been the 5th. But it was pouring rain, so it was held off for 24 hours. But we all were laying on these cots. And the cots were right next to each other. You're talking about 500 cots in this big hangar, so it was a pretty rank place after a while.","Smelled pretty bad?","It smelled mannish, yeah.","Mannish. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Preparing for something anticipated, but uncertain of where and when it would happen.","questions":"What were they preparing for?","answer":"Something"}
{"text":["So tell us why. Why is it that some parts of the country are so twister prone?","Yeah. Well, the United States itself, we have this dubious honor of sitting right in the collision zone between really cold air masses coming down from Canada and moist, warm air that comes up from the Gulf of Mexico. And so the well-known Tornado Alley is a convergence zone, couple that with the position of jet stream and other factors that we as meteorologists look for, a dry, mid-layer or wind sheer, and you have the perfect ingredients for tornadoes.","Most tornadoes affect the United States east of the Rocky Mountains. And in fact, there is another alley we call Dixie Alley because if you look at a map of climatological occurrence of tornadoes, there are areas in the South as well that seemed to get quite a few tornadoes. But certainly this region, as you were leading into the story, was an area that we would've expected tornadoes for May 20th based on climatology.","Well, let's talk about the forecasting because one of the amazing parts of sort of science of this story was that hours before, the National Weather Service locally issued a warning that there might be a tornado. And it was pretty spot-on, it sounded like."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They want to k now why some parts of the countries have twisters a lot.","questions":"What is the reason for Tornado Alley?","answer":"Location"}
{"text":["The Pythians were a black baseball team in Philadelphia from about 1866 to 1872. And they were damn good. And like just about every other dimension of his life, he used that arena to fight for equality.","And he met a tragic end, I gather.","Yup. Much like Martin Luther King, he had his young life cut short by gunfire from a white assassin.","I don't understand how America doesn't know so much about him and why Philadelphia took so long to recognize him."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : : \"Yup. Much like Martin Luther King, he had his young life cut short by gunfire from a white assassin.\" Implied meaning: \"The person being discussed was a prominent figure in the fight for equality, and was assassinated for his beliefs.\"","questions":"What was the cause of the person's death?","answer":"Assassination"}
{"text":["Milliseconds. It happens really quick, and it's something that you just don't think about. It actually just a reflex and it happened. And it was like I said a rarity. The one prior to mine was in 1927. So it was 40 some years between the one that was made and mine.","The thing is, I wonder if people in the stands even realized what had happened - because this goes by so quickly. It's not even like watching a home run. If you watch a home run the ball kind of hangs in the air for three or four seconds or so. This is over even faster than that. Bang.","To tell you the truth. On my part it was such a rarity that even I had not thought about the unassisted part of the play. I realized at the time that it was a triple play. You know, it was all three outs, but had never really thought about the unassisted part because it was such a rarity that no one ever really talked about them.","Ron, was that moment it for you in your baseball career?Is that - what could be better than that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The rareness of the event made it unexpected and surprising.","questions":"Which word describes Ron's reflection on the unassisted part of the play?","answer":"Rarity"}
{"text":["All right, Mario. We have to jump in. RushmoreDrive. Give me the skinny.","OK, RushmoreDrive. The skinny is this is a black search engine. And I think it's time for a black search engine. The answer is going - the question is going to be whether or not this will be successful due to advertising. The Pew Internet says that 56 percent of African-Americans now use the Internet, so is there really a need for a black search engine?I put in \"Farai Chideya. \"I was able to see news about you, videos, your blog posts, images. . .","Scary!","It's comprehensive. It's clean. Hey, you're all over the place, what can I say?I think there's a real need for this. The issue is going to be whether or not they can market it right."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker is affirming that the black search engine is comprehensive and useful, but the real challenge will be to market it effectively.","questions":"Which challenge will the black search engine face?","answer":"Marketing"}
{"text":["Yeah, it's light and it's very dark at the same time, yeah.","Well, that's what you go for or what?","Yeah, you got to have a little bit of - a little bit of an edge, I think.","You have a woman in a classical gown looking out over the sea coast in the moonlight holding a lantern. The caption - night after night she watches the sea, longing for her husband's departure (laughter)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Please expand upon your thoughts and discuss what your experience has been to-date with engagement with your loved one.","questions":"How does the woman in the classical gown feel?","answer":"Longing"}
{"text":["Thank you, Tony. It's a pleasure to be with you.","As I understand it, I should be singing \"Happy Birthday\" to you. Your birthday's Monday, right?","You know all the information, don't you?","It just means we did our homework on you. Happy birthday, Nneena Freelon.","Thank you, thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B is aware of A's birthday and is teasing them","questions":"What is PersonB's intention in mentioning \"Happy Birthday\" to A?","answer":"Teasing"}
{"text":["It's a common misconception that there is some sort of missing server from the DNC hack, but it's not true. The hack involved 140 cloud-based servers, and they were all decommissioned in 2016. There was no single server that was, you know, stolen in the dead of night and smuggled to the Ukraine or something. This was based on a fundamental misunderstanding of both the technology involved and the firm involved. And trying to make sense of it is almost impossible because it's not really a logical idea.","What's remarkable about the president referring to the DNC hack of 2016 and a 2019 call to a foreign leader?","I think it just goes to show you how much he, like the rest of us, is stuck in this social media feedback loop that started with that election.","What do you mean by that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : He and the rest of us keep reading the same things over and over on social media.","questions":"What shows that the speaker believes that the president is also stuck in the same social media feedback loop as the rest of us?","answer":"Same"}
{"text":["Rubber-faced American was OK but, like, not all NPR executives are clowns.","We all think we're being so original, right?","That's true.","Exactly. So, what's happening, Murray?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : ) We all think we're being so original, right? (Implied meaning: We all think we're really creative and original, don't we?)","questions":"Which word describes the attitude of people towards their own creativity?","answer":"Positive"}
{"text":["Well, it's my pleasure, Scott. Thank you.","Can you recreate for us in a sense, like our town does, a summer day at that house you loved?","Basically, people woke up as early as they could, as close to dawn. Everyone was kind of on their own once the kids got older and could take care of themselves to fix something for breakfast and start the day however they wanted as long as they were busy.","There was no television, barely a radio. And it would be tuned into very infrequently, generally when the Red Sox were playing. And all you got were scratchy sounds anyway. People were left to just, I guess, invite the outdoors into their hearts and their souls."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Literal meaning: B is asking A to describe a summer day at the house A loved. Actual meaning: The actual meaning is the same as the literal meaning.","questions":"Which team was playing on the radio?","answer":"Sox"}
{"text":["The show was political. I mean, it didn't shy away from really difficult issues, took sharp aim at President Trump on several occasions. Did that play into Netflix's decision to cancel it, do we have any idea?","I don't get any sense that Netflix canceled it over the political content. If anything, the political content is one of the reasons why they treated this cancellation a bit differently and a bit more gently than they ordinarily do - because there were not a lot of shows out there about a Latin American family with a predominantly Latinx cast dealing with these issues about immigration, LGBTQ issues. You know, every episode has some kind of hot-button subject. You know, one of the characters is a recovering alcoholic. Another has PTSD from serving in the military. So it touched on a lot of things.","And that was one of the things the audience loved about it. I don't think, based on a lot of the other content Netflix has, that that would have been a reason to get rid of it. I think it was purely a financial decision or, you know, whatever the finances actually were.","And the show can't just get plucked up by someone else."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Implicated meaning: The political content of the show may have played a role in its cancellation by Netflix.","questions":"How was the cancellation of the show treated by Netflix?","answer":"Gently"}
{"text":["But there are an unestimated huge number of them that are already in circulation and, one would presume, if they were to be outlawed, an underground market. I mean, does the bump stock just go far enough?","Well, I don't know. I mean, look, I think most Americans do support an individual's right to own a firearm. I certainly do. Now, the issue then becomes, you know - I don't think it's practical to suggest that we could have some kind of gun confiscation movement in this country. There are just probably hundreds of millions of firearms that are owned privately.","I wasn't suggesting that. But I mean, what about limiting the number of weapons or rounds that can be contained in a magazine, which used to be the law.","Well, that's a debate we will likely have. Some states have moved in that direction. But I would suggest that the other issue that many of us are talking about, too, is continuing to enhance background checks for the purchase of private sales of firearms. That is an issue that many of us are advancing. Pat Toomey and Joe Manchin advocated for legislation a few years. I had strongly supported it. Now, I don't want to suggest that, you know, enhancing background checks in any way would have stopped what happened in Las Vegas. From what I've learned so far, I mean. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) Implied meaning: While individuals should have the right to own firearms, it is not practical to suggest the mass confiscation of all firearms in the country.","questions":"What is the suggestion made by PersonB to limit the number of weapons or rounds that can be contained in a magazine?","answer":"Limiting"}
{"text":["They all talk about the shape of the recession. The conventional wisdom for a while was that we'd have a V-shape recession, which means a downturn and then a bounce back up, just like the letter V.  But I think most of them agree that we're going to get something more like a U-shaped recession and recovery, which means that it could be sort of a long period of no growth before we start to go up again.","There's a term people use, emerging markets - countries, small countries that one would have hoped for in terms of influencing the global economy. What do you think about that - about those countries?","Well, you know, the hope for a while was that the emerging economies would pick up the slack if U. S.  growth slowed down. So I'm talking about countries like Brazil, India, China, Russia. And the theory for a while was that these countries had become decoupled from the U. S.  economy, that they had their own momentum in terms of economic growth. But now I think people are realizing that the decoupling was something of a myth.","Blake Hounshell is the Web editor of Foreign Policy Magazine. Thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The recession will not have a quick recovery","questions":"How would you describe the shape of the expected recession and recovery?","answer":"Crowding"}
{"text":["That's right. She's protesting and enlisting the support of past Republican nominees and other leaders on her behalf. But the threshold was finishing top three in Iowa or pulling in the top six in New Hampshire or top six nationally. And she fell short in all those metrics.","What do you foresee tonight?","In a sense, there are still two tiers. You've got Donald Trump and Ted Cruz at the top. And then the three remaining governors, Jeb Bush, Chris Christie and John Kasich, all chasing the fastest-rising star of the field, Marco Rubio. Now, Ben Carson will be there - maybe something of an afterthought, although it will be interesting to see if he calls out Ted Cruz for Cruz's campaign telling people that Carson was dropping out on Monday just before the caucuses began. There's been a bit of a controversy over that. And Trump has said that it taints Cruz's victory there.","The downside to getting more attention, like Marco Rubio, is more criticism. And he seems to get more direct criticism from his opponents as he rises in the polls."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) B: The downside to getting more attention, like Marco Rubio, is more criticism. And he seems to get more direct criticism from his opponents as he rises in the polls.  The actual meaning here is that as a politician becomes more popular, they also become more of a target for criticism from their opponents. The literal meaning, however, is simply that as one gets more attention, they also get more criticism.","questions":"Which politician faces more criticism as they rise in the polls?","answer":"MarcoRubio"}
{"text":["So what's the difference between steganography and - I'm interested in the origin of the word steganography. Can you take that apart for us?","Well. . .","Stega-, sounds almost like a dinosaur.","Certainly. It goes back to the Greeks, and it basically means hidden writing. So - and what it often gets kind of mixed together with or lumped together with, is encryption, and it's kind of - they're like close cousins, and they're trying to do the same thing, but they have slightly different approaches.","And that was my next question. What is the difference between steganography and encryption?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : B is asking for a more detailed explanation of the difference between steganography and encryption","questions":"Which question did PersonB ask that prompted PersonA to explain the difference between steganography and encryption in more detail?","answer":"Next"}
{"text":["The economy is the number one issue. And one of the things that makes it very difficult for a candidate to campaign in Ohio is that when they come to Ohio to talk about the economy, they can't just talk about a single aspect. When you talk to folks in the northern part of the state, northeast Ohio which includes Cleveland, and northwest Ohio which includes Toledo, when you're talking about the economy there, oftentimes the discussion is about trade.","When you talk about the economy in southwest Ohio, which is the Cincinnati area, there's much less talk about trade, and more discussion about wages and the salaries that people are making. The southeast area of the state, which is also known in part because of the Appalachian history of that part of the state, has high unemployment. A number of counties in southeast Ohio have double-digit unemployment. Many people in that region are talking about and focused on unemployment, solely as their economic concern.","And what about social issues?We heard in Celeste's piece a woman who is concerned about abortion. We know at least in southern Ohio that there are big concerns about social issues. How do those play out?","When we were looking at this race last fall and in the early spring, we were seeing a lot of issues, economic, social, foreign policy issues. However, once we've gotten into the fall election period here, the economy is overwhelming everything else.","Eric Rademacher, co-director of the University of Cincinnati's Ohio poll. Thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"How do those play out\" implies that there is a lot to discuss about social issues, not actually physically playing.","questions":"Which aspect of social issues is discussed by the woman in Celeste's piece?","answer":"Abortion"}
{"text":["You are so nice for not doing that spoiler alert. But, yes, so many people discuss Israel-Palestine as if its people on a spectrum. But this notion where people say, oh, you know, Israel and Palestine, they disagree. It's not a spectrum. It's metaphysics.","They're in a different reality, whereas, I lived in Jerusalem that had the Temple Mount and a Palestinian neighbor lived in al-Quds that had Haram al-Sharif. Like, literally, we're inhabiting the same space and in a different city with a different extraordinary holy place on the same spot. And, to me, you know, that gets us to the title of this book. I was looking for a space for the no man's land where a moment of understanding might take place.","Is there an affinity between writers and spies?","That's funny. I'm like - I was going to the list. I was like, writers and shrinks, writers and sociopaths. But, yeah, I have a whole list of things. . ."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : But this notion where people say, oh, you know, Israel and Palestine, they disagree. It's not a spectrum. It's metaphysics.\"  In this turn, the implied meaning is that the issue between Israel and Palestine is not simply a matter of differing opinions or viewpoints on a spectrum. The speaker suggests that it goes beyond that and enters the realm of metaphysics, indicating a deeper and more complex nature to the conflict than a simple disagreement.","questions":"How does the speaker describe the conflict between Israel and Palestine?","answer":"Metaphysics"}
{"text":["Let's go deeper, linguistically into this. When, at the time that I spoke with Reverend Jackson, and this was yesterday, we believed, knowing what we did, we being most of the press, that he had said that Senator Obama had emasculated himself. As it turned out, the phrase was much rougher and much more, you know, I want to blank, blank, blank. Is there a difference between those two ways, neither of them particularly nice, of parsing out lack of manhood?","Well, you know, I actually read that slightly differently. When I heard about the specific comments and the castration and sort of the anger in which it was delivered, even though it was a whisper of. I immediately began to think back historically about, you know, the ways and which powerful black men, or uppity black men were punished.","And it was, you know, the threat of castration was very real in the 19th century. And there's a moment of irony that Jesse Jackson would want to assert his power, his relevance, to Barack Obama's campaign by placing himself over Barack in a sense in suggesting that he is the man and also capable of taking Barack's manhood away.","Coming up this weekend, we have the start of the NAACP's annual convention and although he has not started yet, Ben Jealous is the incoming president. He's 35. He's going to be the youngest president ever of the NAACP. We seem to be seeing a generational shift overall. Is there going to be blood on the floor, metaphorically, as this shift happens?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Jesse Jackson wanted to assert his power over Obama by threatening his manhood","questions":"How did Jesse Jackson try to assert his power over Obama?","answer":"Jesse"}
{"text":["So I want to try making now the Syrian version of ful.","OK.","OK, I'm going to grab the red beans.","Helou got this recipe from Haj Abdo (ph), a vendor in Aleppo. All he made was ful and always had a crowd. That's how she first noticed the old man. This was years before a war broke out in Syria. She says his shop and the whole neighborhood is gone now. But back then, locals absolutely raved about his cafe. And while his ful is typically Syrian, it uses the sesame paste called tahini. Abdo had a special technique."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The old man's technique was unique and contributed to the popularity of his cafe.","questions":"Which man's technique contributed to the popularity of his cafe?","answer":"old"}
{"text":["Immigrants from so many impoverished and deadly places made America rich in all ways. They built America's great cities and industries, factories and schools. They made the American dream come alive in the world. As Margaret Thatcher observed from across the ocean, Europe was created by history. America was created by philosophy. The immigrants who arrive today from Haiti, El Salvador, Somalia, Sudan, Ethiopia, Nigeria, Ghana and a hundred other places keep that dream going with their own lives.","The president's choice of language demands attention and has been denounced around the world, including by members of his own political party. But remove that one ugly sensational word from his remarks and what remains might be no less profane. When you slur and insult people from countries who have helped make America, America is smeared, too.","(Singing) If I go away, I want you to pray not for me, for the souls who have gone away before.","Leyla McCalla singing \"A Day For The Hunter, A Day For The Prey. \""],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) The meaning of this phrase is to recognize the artist and the song being sung, not to describe a day for hunting and catching prey","questions":"What is Leyla McCalla singing?","answer":"A-Day-For-The-Hunter"}
{"text":["The program hasn't been very popular with the farmers. They would much prefer to just have more successful markets that they can go to rather than have to kind of accept government handouts.","President Trump tweeted earlier this year that with more than a hundred billion coming into the U. S.  in tariffs, the U. S.  would buy agricultural products from farmers, ship them to poor and starving countries in the form of humanitarian assistance. Has that happened?","No. They looked into a program along those lines but realized it was pretty infeasible. You know, there's problems with kind of dumping large amounts of crops on poor countries because you can ruin their own agriculture sectors. So they decided to just do the more simple program, where you provide the direct payments to farmers. Now, the part that is right there is that the total amount being brought in by these could get to be $100 billion. I mean, at the current pace - it was 6 billion in June. That would work out to about 72 billion a year if it continues. And there's talk of adding even more tariffs on top of that. So you really could get to 100 billion being the number.","But at the end of the day, this has not turned into some kind of windfall for the U. S."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : President Trump's tweet did not lead to buying agricultural products for humanitarian assistance.","questions":"Which program did farmers prefer over government handouts?","answer":"Markets"}
{"text":["ou're also seeing some extreme moves by companies like Advantage Consultants who basically say, hey, we can supply you, Mr.  and Ms. Candidate, with an army-full of bloggers ready to get your campaign out on the blogosphere 24\/7. It's just - it's like the wild, wild West right now on the Internet.","Is that - I mean, of course, all fair - all is fair in love, war and politics. But is that cheating in a way, you know, blogs were created initially as if, like, I'm just going to express what's in my heart. And now, it sounds as if what you're saying is that there is a lot of people who are saying, I'm going to create the appearance that people are speaking from their heart.","Yeah, and, you know - and this is - gets into astroturfing and a whole bunch of other terminology behind what's the real message of these types of Web sites. You're right. The organic nature of a blog was to be something that was transparent, that wasn't agenda-driven. And obviously, when you start looking at politics and campaigns, it's agenda-driven. So now, they're looking at these tools being PR machines, more than this transparent, here-is-a-look-into-my-life type of outlet that it used to be.","Speaking of transparency, there is some information that campaigns don't always give out, like where their money is coming from. And tell me about OpenSecrets."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"astroturfing\" is a figurative expression that refers to the practice of creating a false grassroots movement or opinion.","questions":"Which term refers to the practice of creating a false grassroots movement or opinion?","answer":"Astroturfing"}
{"text":["No, so Wim van Egmond is an artist, and he was trained as an artist. He was a painter at first, and he was really into painting from these scientific illustrations, biological illustrations from hundreds of years ago. And he said, well, you know, I could just do this myself. So he purchased his first microscope about 20 years ago and since then has been kind of perfecting the technique.","But when he started, you know, he was also working with film, like Roman Vishniac. And, you know, when he had to look up what he was looking at, these organisms, he was looking in reference books, things that are just unthinkable these days, of course you would just Google.","So he said that, you know, progress has gotten much faster because now you can just look and see your result immediately. You don't have to develop your film, and - you know, and so he's gotten - it sounds like he's gotten - he's sort of refined his techniques much more quickly in the days of the digital camera.","Now I know you like to limit the size of your video pick to like three or four minutes."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Now I know you like to limit the size of your video pick to like three or four minutes.\" Literal meaning: The speaker has learned that the person being addressed prefers videos that are three or four minutes long. Actual meaning: The speaker is likely to be suggesting that the person being addressed limit their video pick to a short length of time, possibly due to some constraint such as the attention span of the intended audience.","questions":"How long does the person being addressed prefer their video pick to be?","answer":"three"}
{"text":["So the very beginning of it sounded a lot like rap to me.","Yeah. It is about the rhythm of the lyrics, rhythm of the words.","You have been living away from your home in Iran now, for a number of years. So how has life in exile been for you?","Actually, I - from the first days, I just could use this world for myself, world of exile. Here in the U. S. , I got mostly concentration on my work. I got my - silent; I got respect. I got - many things. Definitely, I miss my mom, I miss my family, I miss my friends. But not the concept of Iran - it's dead for me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The music in the beginning sounded like rap to me, which is a form of music that has a strong focus on rhythm and poetic lyrics.","questions":"How did the music sound to B?","answer":"Rap"}
{"text":["And he - those books served as sort of benchmarks of learning of the time. They were encyclopedias on whatever it was: optics, even music, that kind of thing. And even though they contained many propositions that could then be proven wrong by experiment, which is by the way a pretty valuable service in a way, you know, they were important works that almost all the major figures of that time had to contend with.","You've likened him to a kind of Forrest Gump of the 17th century.","I have, yeah. I mean, well, the thing is - the only difference is that Forrest Gump, you know, was this innocent, na\u00c3\u00afve, you know, sort of - had a kind of pure quality to his character. Kircher was a courtier, a careerist. He was not above fibbing if it suited him to get ahead in his career. But he was, in the way that Forest Gump was, kind of one or two degrees of separation away from so many kind of characteristic moments of the time and also as well as people.","So as I say, you know, born on the eve of a witch hunt, he was kind of thrown around in the turmoil of the 30 Years War. He arrived in Rome in 1633 just months after the Galileo trial. He was in Rome in 1656 for the plague, you mentioned the plague, and. . .","And he survived."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Forrest Gump implies a person achieves a lot when they aren't expected to achieve a lot","questions":"What is the comparison made by PersonB between the person being discussed and a movie character?","answer":"kind"}
{"text":["Good to be with you.","So we just heard about what this decision means practically speaking, but what about politically?What's the thought process here?","I think the administration does not want too much attention to be paid to the person that they're handling this portfolio to. In other words, they don't want the czar concept. That was something of a media concept. You know, we do love czars. We like our drug czars, our energy czars. So. . .","And what sounds better than car czar?","(Soundbite of laughter) It's perfect. It was irresistible. And that is exactly why they decided to resist it because they knew we couldn't resist it. They wanted this fellow, and they have a person, his name is Ron Bloom. He has been an investment banker. He has been involved in a number of manufacturing, restructuring situations. And they wanted to bring him into the Treasury Department as a senior adviser to Treasury Secretary Tim Geithner."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The statement is tongue in cheek. B is joking that \"car czar\" rhymes and fits in with the habit of calling so many positions \"czar\" in American government.","questions":"How did PersonB respond to PersonA's explanation about the administration's decision?","answer":"Joked"}
{"text":["What are some of the challenges for businesses in addition to your own, as you see it?","Well, first off, it's one thing to put the law in place. But then how do you actually track hours?And when is a person working?If I send an email to one of my employees in the evening or just give them a call to talk about something, now they have to clock in and clock out.","Or if they go to, you know, a trade show, when are they technically working?- versus, when are they not working?There's lots of challenges faced by practically every business out there to some degree.","Now that a judge has halted these rules, do you change yours?What are you going to do?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"What are you going to do?\" does not literally mean \"What are you going to do?\" but rather \"What are you going to do in response to the judge's decision?\"","questions":"Which question asked by PersonB is not meant to be taken literally?","answer":"What"}
{"text":["You know, it's quite clear that it is a cherry-picked narrative. But reading it makes you wonder if that's an insult to cherries.","(Laughter) Which, after all, have many valuable antioxidants. Before it was released, a lot of Democrats said the result of releasing the memo would be catastrophic. Last night and today, many Democrats seem to be saying, is that all you got?Are you kidding?","Well, for some, it's more a dud than a slam dunk. But at the same time, of course, the Democrats want to release their own memo - their critique memo - their response or rebuttal. And that's going to be the big focus when we get back here on Monday.","Rod Rosenstein - long for his position in the Justice Department?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Before it was released, a lot of Democrats said the result of releasing the memo would be catastrophic.Last night and today, many Democrats seem to be saying, is that all you got?Are you kidding?\" Implicated meaning: The speaker is highlighting the difference between the Democrats' initial reaction to the release of the memo and their reaction after its release. They suggest that the Democrats' fears of catastrophic consequences were unfounded and that the memo did not contain anything significant or damaging.","questions":"What is the speaker suggesting about the Democrats' initial reaction to the release of the memo?","answer":"Unfounded"}
{"text":["Well, for me it's almost anything that I'm sent and asked to click on in which somebody else is supposedly really embarrassing themselves. And I'm supposed to find this funny. I'm supposed to enjoy the spectacle. But it's just a physical response that I can't, you know. I clench sort of every muscle in my body and I can barely bring myself to watch it and then end up pressing stop. So, you know, examples would be the recording that was around this week of an employee of a cable company attempting to make a departing customer stay using all sorts of extraordinary arguments, I'm told. I'm told it was very embarrassing for the cable company employee. But I don't know because I can't bring myself to listen to it.","The guy who proposed marriage to a woman at the ballpark - you know about this one?","Oh, this is going to be a wedding proposal that is rejected in public, I think?","Yeah, that's it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Turn (4): The speaker is confirming that the proposal at the ballpark is likely to be a rejected one.","questions":"What is the speaker confirming about the proposal at the ballpark?","answer":"Rejected"}
{"text":["It was. So Apple's lawyers were incredibly practiced and very eloquent. They told a very compelling story for their case, and they told it in terms that were very easy for the jurors to understand. They had lots of well-done slides and pictures illustrating their points, and when they finished speaking, you were convinced that they were in the right.","Samsung, on the other hand, they were - they came across as being defensive a lot of the time and kind of brash sometimes. And their case was also a lot more complicated and involved much more technical terms, and so I think that might have been much harder for jurors to understand.","And so what - what exactly did the jury find?They sort of had a mixed bag of things.","Right, so they found patent infringement for a whole host of Apple's intellectual property in the case. They found 28 cases of infringement for some of the smartphones involved. They upheld Apple's patents on iPhone and iPad design, and now Apple is seeking injunction against eight of those 28 smartphones that were found to be violating Apple's intellectual property."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Apple is seeking injunction against the 8 violating smartphones","questions":"What is Apple seeking against the 8 violating smartphones?","answer":"Injunction"}
{"text":["I'm very sad, very sad.","You've been with us from the very, very beginning. Tell us how talking about personal finance has changed since then.","Well, obviously, the biggest change has been the economic - I call it mudslide - that we're going through. When I first began, things were pretty good. I mean, although, at the time, I was trying to tell people, you know, things are good but you always have to prepare for the worst. And obviously, the worse has happened. And over the years, you know, many people have sent in questions and emailed me, and the listeners have just been wonderful. And I think I helped a lot of people. I do hear from people who took the advice and got their lives together, and some people who took the advice and are weathering the economic storm because they were prepared.","And have you changed your advice over the years?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The economic change has been very destructive to everyone and everything.","questions":"Which word describes the impact of the economic change mentioned in turn 2?","answer":"destructive"}
{"text":["Yes.","I just wondered what that photograph brought up for you that made you want to have it as the cover of your album.","That photograph hit me like a ton of bricks. You know, I had - they had sent me about nine pictures, you know, trying to find something for the album. I didn't see the others. That was the only one I saw, and it grabbed me. You know, these little babies standing on the outside. They want to swing. They want to go on the slide.","And it kind of reminded me of my sisters and I. We had that problem when we were growing up. We couldn't go to the beach. We couldn't go to the park. We wanted some grass. Where we lived, we didn't really have any grass. You know, we'd have to play in a vacant lot with dirt and glass. So that photograph grabbed me in the heart and almost brought me to tears. I said, this is the one.","(Singing) Look at us now. Remember when. We've come a long, long way. We tell ourselves stories only we can believe. It's always hard, so hard to leave.","Does singing these songs give you courage?Do you hope it gives other people courage?What do you hope it gives them?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The photograph had a strong emotional impact on me","questions":"How did the photograph make PersonA feel?","answer":"strong"}
{"text":["It's nice to be here, Neal. How are you?","I'm good. Thanks. That first phone call - well, just sort of out of curiosity, I assume.","The first call that I made to Alan?Yeah, it was a funny feeling of both, obviously, curiosity and a strange sensation of being crowded in my own skin by another guy who had my same name.","And he turned out to be - well, debonair might be the word."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : is that Alan was very sophisticated and charming.","questions":"How would you describe Alan's personality?","answer":"Sophisticated"}
{"text":["Only 34 percent of the voters went to the polls this week. Isn't that usually the kind of election in which a well-financed campaign with a good ground campaign is supposed to win?","That's the way it's been rigged for years. For years, the reason Chicago had a municipal election - not a primary - and put it in February when people were too frozen to leave their homes was to guarantee the installation - or reinstallation - of the incumbent. So this goes against all of that conventional wisdom.","Still, Mayor Emanuel just has to get another five percent of the vote. Does this runoff on April 7 look like a real election now?","Yes, it does. And the reason it does is that it's not the only activity and sort of fire burning in the city. We have a record number of runoffs. As you know, we have 50 aldermen. Nineteen of them didn't make it directly into a victory. They are going to runoffs, and they are the insurgents. They are the so-called progressives. They're the people that Emanuel's forces formed a PAC to try to reduce the numbers of. And so there's a lot of activity in wards, and it all speaks to this overall issue of voter discontent."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) A: \"That's the way it's been rigged for years.\" - The actual meaning is that the system has been intentionally manipulated or controlled in favor of certain individuals or groups for a long time, rather than simply describing a physical or mechanical rigging.","questions":"Which word describes the system in the statement?","answer":"Manipulated"}
{"text":["Well, AIG was a very big and successful insurance company. It did well in insurance products. But it got into a lot of trouble by selling very complex financial products, which, as you know, have lost huge amounts of money because of the housing downturn.","Now, in September, when conditions for the company were getting pretty bad, the Federal Reserve agreed to loan AIG $85 billion. In exchange, it took some stock in the company as collateral. The idea was that, you know, the loan would sort of tide AIG over while it sold off assets. But it's been very hard to sell anything because of the credit crunch.","So, meanwhile, the interest payments were piling up. AIG said it lost 25 - almost $25 billion last quarter. So, this morning, the government said it was going back to the drawing board and trying to work out something else. It's really an admission that the efforts so far haven't worked.","So, how much money is this new plan going to involve, and where exactly is it going to be coming from?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"took some stock in the company as collateral\" - refers to taking some shares of AIG as a security for the loan.","questions":"How did the Federal Reserve secure the loan for AIG?","answer":"Treasury"}
{"text":["Absolutely. They are - they don't trust now any promises that they will not be prosecuted or taken in front of a judge. And also, you know, the standards of human rights internationally have changed. And there is a very active community - globally - that chases after dictators and people that have violated human rights and have committed the crimes against humanity, which is the case for many of them.","Now, isn't the logic of that - the humanitarian logic of that - that knowing they might have to face criminal charges will discourage dictators from striking out at their own people?","Absolutely. But strangely enough, we see that continuing to happen. We don't know how many thought about it and decided not to do it because they were fearful of being prosecuted internationally. But we do know that there are still many that go ahead with all kinds of crimes and violations of human rights. And Nicolas Maduro is a paramount example of that.","What about people who work for somebody who's in power and might not get the same guarantees?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : an active community in this context means the community is doing a lot of things","questions":"How is the global community described in the context of human rights violations?","answer":"Active"}
{"text":["Now, there are literally thousands of these kinds of cases going back through history. Some that have, you know, withstood the test of time. What are some of the most famous ones in the U. S. ?","Well, you know, there's a very long list and you know, actually a colleague and I had a five-volume set on famous American crimes and trials that I can't go over all of them. But let me just mention a few. And I want to mention one in London as well. But for example, going back to the 19th Century, the Mary Rogers case. Here in Albany, we have Jack Legs Diamond, the prohibition gangster who was killed in Albany. We have a list of the short case.","Oh, the Black Dahlia, right?That's the Black Dahlia?","Exactly."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Some of the cases from long ago are still relevant to what is happening in this day.","questions":"What is one example of a famous American case mentioned by A?","answer":"Rogers."}
{"text":["Were you there three years ago when Katrina hit?","I was here when it actually hit and I left afterwards.","Wouldn't that have kind of prompted you to get out of the city?Because it was such a disaster there, so many people lost their lives and suffered really terrible, terrible deprivations over days and days.","Yeah and it was - because the levees broke, that happens."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : B is referring to the Hurricane Katrina catastrophe in New Orleans and it aftermaths.","questions":"How is PersonB describing the impact of Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans?","answer":"Terrible"}
{"text":["It could be any number of things, Scott. It - there was a sidebar that, as you know, was sealed. In other words, the conversation was not made public. Could be something related to a witness scheduling issue. It could be something related to an issue that the government and the defense jointly need to work out. Could be any number of things.","I raise this because, of course, the judge has gotten a lot of attention for being tough on the prosecution. He even apologized for being too sharp. You've appeared before Judge Ellis.","Many times.","Is he crankery and colorful, or does he cross the line?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B is questioning if Judge Ellis is fair and impartial or if he crosses the line with his behavior.","questions":"Which Judge is PersonB questioning the impartiality of?","answer":"Ellis"}
{"text":["We recommend - we have a lot of recommendations. We think they're very practical. It can be done. Some of them are internal in the government themselves. There are internal changes Congress needs to make so that it can be more effective in this, and other commissions have recommended them. Now, let's do it. Let's get it done.","We want the life science community to work with the government about how to self-regulate. In other words, what kind of protocols can we use so that we can keep track of high containment labs better. And then, we say we need to emphasize Pakistan. Now, it's funny that this report is coming out now because we saw in the course of this that Pakistan is an epicenter for all of these risks that we're talking about.","Jim Talent, former senator from Missouri, thank you.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : track implies awareness and not record or relating to filed","questions":"What does track imply?","answer":"Awareness"}
{"text":["And so if we organize the production and the processing and distribution of organic foods on a large scale, there's efficiencies to be had. This is actually kind of an experiment, a test. You know, how much of the extra costs that you pay when you buy organic food - how much of that is just the fragmented nature of the business?How much of it is the small-scale aspect?And how much of it is inherent in organic production?","Well, there's no question that Walmart is kind of the king of logistics. But if you talk to some of their suppliers, they'll also complain that Walmart is the king of squeezing them and making them produce the product ever more cheaply at their own expense.","Right. So you could say this is a threat to some organic producers who are used to higher margins. On the other hand, I mean, the organic production is expanding, and if Walmart wants large quantities, they may have to outbid other producers. There is a limit right now on the amount of organic food for sale. They say they want to expand that, and there's no reason why they couldn't. There's lots of land out there. Right now, organic is actually a very small part of American food production, people say 5 percent or less. So there's no reason why Walmart couldn't expand organic production if they offered a good price. The question is can they do it cheaply?","Part of this has to do with trust. Are people going to stop going to Whole Foods and go over to Walmart 'cause they can get the eggs $2 cheaper?I'm a little skeptical."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  implies that people may not trust Walmart to provide the same quality of organic food as Whole Foods.","questions":"What factor may affect consumers' decision to switch from Whole Foods to Walmart for organic food?","answer":"Quality"}
{"text":["Finally, the Senate Judiciary Committee is expected to vote next week on the Brett Kavanaugh nomination to the Supreme Court. There were grave charges this week that surfaced, alleging that Brett Kavanaugh committed a sexual assault during high school. What do we know about this?","According to The New Yorker, a woman who knew Kavanaugh in high school notified her congresswoman, and also Senator Dianne Feinstein, that at a party back in the early '80s, Kavanaugh had held her down and tried to force himself on her. Now Kavanaugh emphatically denies that, and Feinstein didn't bring this up during the confirmation hearings.","The White House suggests this is an eleventh-hour stalling tactic. And yesterday, Chuck Grassley, the Republican chairman of the Judiciary Committee, released a letter signed by 65 women who say they knew Kavanaugh in high school and testifying to his good character.","NPR's Scott Horsley, thanks so much."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This statement implies that the New Yorker's testimony about Kavanaugh sexual assault was countered by the 65 women signatories to Kavanaugh good character in High school.","questions":"How was the New Yorker's testimony countered?","answer":"Women"}
{"text":["I will say that it has been the economic situation. Although, it looks good on paper, and it looks good theoretically. But the poverty is very high. We have seen that he has been closing all the public spaces and shut down any kind of politics. He has been arrested over than 80,000 Egyptians since 2013 to now. Dozens, hundreds of mass death sentence have been issued by his courts. Dozens have been executed every year. So there is unprecedented crackdown and unprecedented repressions that not even existed during the Mubarak era, which some people could say that Mubarak's era was a liberal era for Egypt if it's compared to what we have - we are living under now. Egypt is very fragile and far away from being stable.","We're hearing the call to prayer, of course, behind you. Did I hear you say that you might look back on the Mubarak era as a liberal, enlightened, progressive era for Egypt?","I would say that the significant differences between Mubarak and Sissi - Mubarak was a dictator. Let's agree on this. But there is a level of repression that actually will not cripple the state to function. And that was the situation under Mubarak. So the level of repression right now under Sissi really cripples the state of functioning.","Mr.  Zaree, does - near as you can tell, does President Sissi still have the support of the military who helped him gain power?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The level of repression makes it hard for the country to function on all levels.","questions":"What is the impact of the level of repression on Egypt's functionality?","answer":"Crippling"}
{"text":["Hurricane Dorian, now a Category 4 storm, is stalled over the northern Bahamas. It's moving at just 1 mile an hour as it pulls away and begins a turn to the north toward the southeastern United States. Storm surges, estimated at 15 to 20 feet, are crashing onto Grand Bahama Island. Over the weekend, Dorian left thousands of people on Abaco Island to the east without roofs, transportation and communications. Lindsay Thompson is with the Bahamas National Emergency Management Agency. She did not have any immediate information on casualties.","Preliminary information indicates that there is extensive flooding. Of course, there will be infrastructural damage when you have that level of a storm - a hurricane - historic, as well - passing through an island, which is relatively flat, as well. There's a lot of sand dunes. And so there is a concern for us with excessive flooding.","What about injuries?","Well, we haven't had any reports of injuries. Not that there aren't any, but we just don't have any reports of injuries as yet, if there are any.","Well, how much were the islands able to prepare for Hurricane Dorian?I mean, to stock up on adequate supplies, to make sure people got to shelters safely. Do you think there was enough time in advance?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker implies that there may be injuries, but they haven't been reported yet.","questions":"How many reports of injuries are there?","answer":"Reports"}
{"text":["There's been a lot of outrage. The thing is there's only a finite amount of money. It's not limitless. So that is true for federal aid, state aid and university aid. So money that is going to these families who would not otherwise be eligible for it means that that's money that is not going to a student who really needs it. In Illinois, for example, last year, there were 82,000 students who were eligible for the state grant who did not get it because the state ran out of money.","Have you heard from federal aid officials?Has anyone weighed in on this?","So I think the Department of Education is now aware of it. The state financial aid folks are aware of it. The universities are on alert now. I think they will be looking closely at financial aid applications from students who mark that they are in a legal guardianship. But keep in mind, there are students that really are in that situation. So you don't want there to be so many restrictions that it becomes harder for those students to get the aid.","That's Jodi Cohen, reporter at ProPublica."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : to weight in on something means to give an opinion on something","questions":"Which reporter gave the definition of \"to weigh in on something\"?","answer":"Jodi"}
{"text":["Oh yeah.","You know, it's - just, you know, it's that thing, good and evil.","Oh, I've got you. I got you. Now, you just sang the title song from the new CD. One reviewer says about that, the lyrics are inconsequential, what matters is the soul and funk. I don't know if I agree with that. You agree with that?","You know what, I feel like I may have been taken out of context because I said that about one song on this record, called \"Emotions. \"I said on that song, you know, I mean, you don't really need the lyrics. But for - to put that on a whole album, no, I don't agree with that. I put a lot of time into it (laughing).","Now, you actually - you played with a lot of different folks. You were with Fishbone. You were a member of Miles Davis's band. When was that?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : What matters is how the song makes a person feels and how it sounds.","questions":"What did the reviewer say about the lyrics on the new CD?","answer":"Inconsequential"}
{"text":["Yeah. That is right because he has been uploading a number of videos on YouTube. He was calling, basically, for the killing off of nonbelievers.","You talk about wanting the authorities to take action against Zaharan. But did you get any sense in recent years that he was attracting followers or that you saw men being drawn to radical groups?","At the time, you know, we thought that Zaharan was a loner and that, you know, he had no major following as such, except a few people in his hometown. But in 2018, December, we realized that there were basically a bunch of youths going around and damaging Buddhist statues. And we found out that Zaharan has been their mentor.","So this was in one particular village. You're saying that back in December of 2018, there were some young people who defaced some Buddhist statues."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"attracting followers\" - This phrase does not literally mean that Zaharan was physically attracting people towards him, but rather it suggests that he was gaining supporters for his extremist ideologies and possibly forming a following.","questions":"Which phrase suggests that Zaharan was gaining supporters for his extremist ideologies?","answer":"Supporters"}
{"text":["So for a couple years now, Topps has had an app - say it ain't so - for baseball card-collecting and trading cards. These are virtual cards, not the cardboard ones that come with a stick of gum. I mean, it's called a Bunt, and you've tried it out. Tell us what you think.","Oh, it does - I should point out the packs do come with a stick of gum. It's just a virtual stick of gum.","Don't try to chew that gum.","No, that's what I was (laughter) - the whole thing is basically just an exercise in using your imagination, if you're old enough that you need to imagine for this stuff. If you're 13 to 25, which is, like - 80 percent of the Bunt users are - then I don't imagine there's anything weird about a piece of virtual gum showing up on your phone, exploding and then turning into baseball cards.","Well, it's been around for a while. I mean, can Topps call Bunt a success?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : \"can Topps call Bunt a success?\" has a figurative meaning. It is asking whether the app has been successful in terms of popularity and user engagement, rather than whether it literally has the legal right to be called a \"success\".","questions":"How is the success of Bunt being evaluated by Topps?","answer":"Popularity"}
{"text":["What are you, Lisa, most thankful for this holiday season?","I'm thankful I don't have the banks on my butt.","Does that make any sense?","It does. Do a lot of other businesses there locally that might not be affected by the baby boom - are they having a harder time?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"I'm thankful I don't have the banks on my butt.\" - The literal meaning of this sentence suggests that the speaker is physically carrying banks on their buttocks, which is nonsensical. However, the actual meaning is that the speaker is relieved that they don't owe money to the banks and are not being pursued by them.","questions":"How is the speaker feeling about owing money to banks?","answer":"relieved"}
{"text":["So they're very competent, very professional and, quite frankly, surprisingly good. You know, we've had a tendency in this country to sort of dismiss North Korea as a backward country. But it's not. In the nuclear arena, there are two paths to the bomb. One is the plutonium path. They showed me all of that in 2004 - not very fancy but good enough. And then in 2010, they actually showed me centrifuge facility. That was simply astounding. It was a modern facility, and it was remarkable for them to have that.","One of the goals of these potential talks is the denuclearization of North Korea. Given they've got such capabilities, how likely is it to happen?","Well, first of all, I think it's not very likely to happen. What's significant in the current situation is they've actually said that they would be willing to give up nuclear weapons, you know, if their security is assured, and they're not threatened. However, to think that's going to happen in the short term is just not realistic because to build a nuclear weapons program, it's an enormous number of facilities. It's a large number of people. It took, well, more or less 50 years but particularly the last 25 years to get to where they are today. They're not going to turn that over overnight.","Well, short of full denuclearization, what other steps could North Korea take to prove, you know, its sincerity in this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : North Korea is not as backward as we tend to believe.","questions":"Which country is being discussed in turn 0?","answer":"North-Korea"}
{"text":[". . . Skeptical that the style of these debates does much. It does kind of feed the reality TV-ification (ph) of our politics in the sense that it's more about entertainment. One thing I do think we're all watching for, though, is to see where - what the Democratic Party ultimately is going to stand for in the 2020 election.","You still have this immense sort of intellectual debate going on in the party of whether it's going to move more to the left and be a more progressive party or hold on and try to reclaim or be the party of the center. And we simply don't know the answer to that question yet. And whether the nominee is someone like a Joe Biden or someone like a Bernie Sanders or an Elizabeth Warren is going to be two dramatically different Democratic parties and two dramatically different general elections.","So I think the big topics that we've been hearing a lot in these debates is health care. One thing I think we're going to hear a lot more about in this debate is immigration just because that is an issue that has increasingly been captivating the public because of what's been happening at the U. S. -Mexico border and because of President Trump's immigration policies.","And just briefly, what do you make of the fear that some Democrats have expressed that much of what's being talked about at these debates are sort of the pet causes of the left, which are just not relevant to the general electorate?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Feeding reality tv means that it makes politics seem more like a reality tv show by doing the debates.","questions":"How does the style of the debates contribute to the reality TV-ification of politics?","answer":"Entertainment"}
{"text":["You can never protect someone by stripping them of their rights. The premise is that unless California lawmakers become complicit in denying California athletes equal rights, then somehow those players will be harmed. And that's just a false premise.","And before we let you go, do you feel like you're making headway?Like, you know, part of the reason you got started with this - you were a former UCLA football player yourself. You saw the NCAA suspend your teammate for accepting a bag of groceries when he had no food. You know, you've seen a lot over the course of time that you've been working on this. And I'm just wondering if you feel like your arguments are making headway. Are people starting to take the questions around how college athletes are treated more seriously?","I do think there's progress. Not as fast as I would like - you know, you look at the multi-year scholarships are now available, the name, image and likeness lawsuit from Ed O'Bannon that resulted in stipends. There's still a ways to go. Let's put it that way. But I do think there's reform. I think a lot of key people are listening, especially lawmakers.","That is Ramogi Huma. He is the founder and executive director of the National College Players Association, an organization founded to advocate for college athletes."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : NATIONAL COLLEGE PLAYERS ASSOCIATION  FOUNDED TO ADVOCATE  COLLEGE ATHLETS","questions":"Which organization was founded to advocate for college athletes?","answer":"Association"}
{"text":["Exactly. He's betting on this, and he's No. 1 in the polls.","I gather you were a protester in 2011. Do you believe these democratic elections are going to come closer to realizing the dreams that brought you into the protest movement?","I'm not thinking that these elections in 2019 will change anything major. But on the grand scheme of things, we're showing to the people in the Arab world that they can be free. We are writing this beautiful story of an Arab Muslim country that is able to sustain its democracy, that has a president that died. And after 48 days from his passing, we're having the elections being prepared, as the constitution mentioned. We didn't see a single boot (ph) in the street, no gunshots - nothing - no coups.","And we need the U. S.  and other allies to just realize that whatever we're doing here is a blueprint for the region as well."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : They need the countries to realize this is the way things should be done in other countries.","questions":"Which countries?","answer":"Countries"}
{"text":["I haven't talked to him in years.","(Laughter).","Well, you know, Ron Paul - you know, he's got some oddness in his closet. But, you know, compared to Hillary Clinton or Jeb Bush, Rand Paul has, like, the greatest situation in terms of family members lingering around the campaign in a lot of ways. You know, his foreign policy is distinct from his father's. Many of his economic policies are distinct. He needs to expound on what is his governing philosophy and why does restraint in foreign policy also mean restraint in domestic affairs?And why are those both good things?","As you survey the political landscape on issues like privacy or foreign policy, do you see traces of libertarian success?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"oddness in his closet\" - This phrase is a figurative expression meaning that Ron Paul has some controversial or potentially damaging aspects of his personal life or history that could be problematic for him politically. It does not refer to a literal closet or physical space.","questions":"How would you describe the meaning of the phrase \"oddness in his closet\"?","answer":"Controversial"}
{"text":["We should note that Chico was never a part of DeBarge proper. Chico was solo. This is his hit 'Talk To Me' from 1986.","(Singing)","Talk to me baby, talk to me girl. You know, I really think you oughta","In 1988, Chico and his older brother Bobby were convicted on charges of conspiracy to distribute cocaine. The conviction put a quick end to a promising career. Each of the brothers served years in prison. Bobby later died from complications of AIDS. Like his sister, Chico was willing to open up about some of the pain of the road they've traveled. But he is also gearing up to release a new album. I ask how he felt about this next stage of his career.","I'm excited, but I'm - it was kind of new for me with the mission I have before me. Because of course, as you know, all of us are talking about, you know, a lot of things we've been through that a lot of people didn't know in the family. And the name of my album is \"Addiction. \"Because I ended up wearing those shoes. I never thought in my life that I would be - you know, I'd actually knocked people, you know, for having that. And I got stabbed, you know."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : Wear those shoes is implying that the person has dealt with that in life","questions":"How did the person end up wearing those shoes?","answer":"Addiction"}
{"text":["Let's turn now to our regular sports commentator, an all-around know-everything-there-is-to know-in-the-world-of-sports expert, New York Times columnist Bill Rhoden. Hey, Bill.","Hey, great Tony Cox. How are you doing?","I'm doing great, man. Listen, we saw a lot of great retired players in Washington on Tuesday, NBA players like Magic Johnson, Kevin Johnson; football stars like Jim Brown, that we just heard; Mohammad Ali, they were all there. What do you make of their commitment to being a part of all of this?And is it just because of Obama that younger athletes are willing to step up front again and take political positions?","You know, I thought it was great to see those guys and it was a great interview you just did with Jim Brown."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : all-around-know-everything-there-is-to-know-in-the-world-of-sports is sarcasm and it means this person thats being talked about knows a ton on sports and is an expert.","questions":"How would you describe the sports commentator mentioned in turn 0?","answer":"regular"}
{"text":["No. We all hang about. That's exactly the same as \"Mrs. Brown. \"People will call you, amazed that - you know, you read all about actors who stay in character all day and hide in caves, and then only come when they're called for and get the family to behave as a fill-in character.","Well, I have found with the vast majority of those great British actors, that they stand, telling stories at the side of the set, and they're called for. And they say, oh, look. The light's one. We've got to go. And they go and get straight into character. It's like stepping into an old shoe. And it's lovely. It's - especially Judi Dench. You know, we used to just stand screaming well after and then say, right, lads. Get yourself together. Right, then, action, and we'd be into it again.","And there she's queenly again.","And then she's a queen, yeah, and I'm a scruff."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Queenly implies beauty and royalty, not being a Queen","questions":"How does Judi Dench act?","answer":"Beauty"}
{"text":["Well, it's very worrying. We've got nearly 1,900 people infected, 1,200 people dead, and over the last several weeks, the rate of new infections has jumped dramatically. We're seeing more than 100 new cases every week. And that's because there is a lot of violence, gunmen storming Ebola treatment centers assassinating health workers. And there's this suggestion that a lot of the violence is actually coordinated, that Ebola is being used as a political weapon. And that's what's led to this really quite remarkable U. N.  decision.","You said remarkable. What's the significance of this decision?","Well, until now, the outbreak response on the international side has really been led by health officials, the World Health Organization. But the U. N.  does have a large peacekeeping force in Congo. And the deputy head of that, his name is David Gressly, that is who they've appointed to this new position that they've created. In other words, it's a recognition that they have to treat this as much as a political problem as a health problem.","This is a place where you have a lot of political players who've been jockeying for position against each other and against factions of the national government. And it seems like a lot of them have connections to these small armed groups all through the area that are said to be behind a lot of these attacks on Ebola responders. Basically, it's a way to destabilize the area as a way to gain power against your rivals."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"it's a recognition that they have to treat this as much as a political problem as a health problem\" - The actual meaning is different from the literal meaning. The intended meaning is that the situation is not just a health issue, but also a political issue that requires attention and action, rather than literally recognizing something.","questions":"Which problem requires attention and action besides being a health issue?","answer":"Political"}
{"text":["Say that you're 80. . .","OK.","What's Sommore going to be like?","I would probably be like Peg Bundy."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Being 80 implies being in old age and not constituting a total of 80 in quantity ","questions":"How does being 80 relate to the conversation between PersonA and B?","answer":"Old"}
{"text":["Well, we have shared the coordinates of health facilities, school facilities and so on for the very purpose to make sure they're protected. Sadly, several of these facilities received a direct hit. Actually, the secretary-general has called for a board of inquiry to investigate into these cases and to find out what had happened.","For us, it's a question of trust, and it's a question of protection when we say - when we give these coordinates, we expect that all parties in the conflict will respect them. And when that doesn't happen, that's really a significant problem for all and, most importantly, for the people who find themselves - that we have had incidents of ambulances receiving direct aid. Hospitals, doctors, nurses would be in the middle of an operational procedure or who had gone to this place for medical treatment and to find themselves being bombed inside the hospital or children in the school. That's something that is really totally unacceptable.","Panos Moumtzis is the United Nations humanitarian coordinator for the Syria crisis. Thanks so much for being with us, sir.","Thank you for calling me."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Thank you for inviting me to be here.","questions":"What did PersonA say to PersonB at turn 3?","answer":"Thank"}
{"text":["And so it seemed to be really impervious to this kind of judicial reckoning. And the fact that it's happened is, of course, all the more remarkable, because of the obstacles that had to be overcome to reach this day.","It's interesting: The current president of Guatemala served under General Rios Montt all those years ago, and he says he accepts this verdict, and will carry out the measures ordered by the tribunal in terms of apologies, but he also said there was no genocide.","Well, he was a general during the period of Rios Montt's rule, and given his own background, it was expected that he would put up more resistance than he has to this trial. And as you said, he has said he respects the ruling of the court, but he has said it's not a genocide. It is a very powerful verdict. It's - genocide has been described repeatedly as the crime of crimes, and it's very difficult to prove in a court of law. And that's one of the other reasons why this verdict was widely seen as a landmark.","So, you know, his reticence is notable. I hope that he continues to maintain the position that he will respect the rule of law in this case, as the proceedings go forward."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The current president of Guatemala acknowledges the verdict but denies genocide","questions":"How does the current president of Guatemala respond to the verdict?","answer":"Denies"}
{"text":["Of course that's what somebody would say that. It's oozing with privilege, right?When we look at women's issues, women's rights, this is a scope in which a man should not have any say on. And I think that it's so asinine for people to - men in particular - to think, like, this is a personal issue. This is something that is true in the world. It's - it can only happen to women. Men will never have to face pregnancy ever. And the people who are going to talk about policies and these protections are going to be men.","Is it true that all the people who negotiate these contracts at Nike are men?","They're all men that are - within house at Nike have been and are all men. It's an old boys club. The culture at Nike is - that's - it remains to be an old boys club. And this is the time for it to be exposed. You know, the time is now.","That was Olympian and former USA champion Alysia Montano. Alysia Montano, thank you so much for talking to us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Men should not have a say in women's issues and rights","questions":"How does PersonA describe the culture at Nike?","answer":"club"}
{"text":["Hello.","Hello.","Now, the New York Times report that described your resignation in 1995 said that sources at the time said you had aroused opposition with your, quote, \"emphasis on reshaping Planned Parenthood into a broad health organization that could compete in the era of managed care\" - a focus that some of the group's affiliates felt would inevitably diminish their role as advocates for abortion rights and low-income women's access to health care.","Now, this week, in a letter explaining her ouster from Planned Parenthood, Dr.  Leana Wen said she had come to the organization to work on a broad range of health care issues but that, quote, \"the new board leadership has determined that the priority of Planned Parenthood moving forward is to double down on abortion rights advocacy. \"She's also said in an op-ed for The New York Times that she wanted to depoliticize abortion but that her approach seemed at odds with the direction the board wanted to go. What does this say about the trajectory of not just Planned Parenthood but also the abortion rights movement?","Certainly everybody would agree that reproductive rights are hanging the balance right now. It's a tough time, and there are two schools of thought. I think that the leadership at Planned Parenthood has to do what it thinks is right. I don't think there's a right or wrong. For my part, I would do what I did, you know, last time around."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : Two \"schools' are not literal schools. The implication is there are two differing beliefs about how the organization should operate.","questions":"How does the turn 4 define the meaning of \"schools\"?","answer":"Differing"}
{"text":["You know, it may explain why you're such a good writer. I mean, you are one of the best science explainers. I mean, I've been doing this for a few years, and your book, \"Letters to a Young Scientist\", I think is the best book you've ever written because it is so much of you, and it is written in such an easy language, and we get you passion, we see your background.","Maybe it's because you talk to yourself that it's easier to write.","Yeah, and lots of students. And I've trained myself in clear explanation in order - when I went in to lecture to - sometimes I had a class of 150 because I taught basic biology, I had to have a device to keep the Harvard students in front of me from starting to read the Crimson.","So you had to come prepared to tell a good yarn, tell a good story or something."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : He had to find a way to keep the students from becoming bored and distracted.","questions":"What device did PersonA use to keep the Harvard students focused during lectures?","answer":"device"}
{"text":["Did you think twice?","I said - well, I didn't think - well, I said, sure, and I held it to the ground. And then I thought, this is not exactly what I signed up for, but, you know, you need to pitch in a little bit in these circumstances.","For a disease, a virus to spill over, is it just a matter of coming in contact with the right animal?Is it just chance, or does there have to be something special about the virus itself to be able to infect multiple species?","Well, some kinds of virus, yes, are better at this than others. And the scientists who watch the world for the next spillover are particularly vigilant about single-stranded RNA viruses, as distinct from DNA viruses that carry their genomes on the good old, stable double helix. RNA viruses, when they replicate, mutate more frequently. Therefore, there's more change. There's more genetic variation in the populations of those viruses. They replicate very abundantly, so their populations are large."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : B is asking if viruses can easily infect multiple species or if there needs to be specific conditions.","questions":"How do RNPersonA viruses differ from DNPersonA viruses in terms of their genetic variation?","answer":"Genetic"}
{"text":["Yes, it has. Theater has definitely been an escape to just, you know, work on the show, work on the production and see the magic of it going up and seeing that art. And theater has just become so much more diverse. All these stories that just tell these stories about people that you don't usually hear about. Whether they're queer, brown, black, trans, undocumented, it's all these stories. And I think that it's really magical, and it really paints like a really great picture of everybody on stage.","What shows have you worked on?","Here at VCU, we just closed \"Into The Woods. \"","Well, lots of luck to you - very good speaking with you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Theater has definitely been an escape\" implies that A sees production and acting as a way to get away from stress and problems in the real world.","questions":"How does PersonA describe the stories in theater?","answer":"Diverse"}
{"text":["The size of the painting certainly is a huge challenge. And because we're capturing so much data with a variety of imaging techniques, we're generating terabytes of data that, down the line, we'll be using computer analysis and artificial intelligence to actually interpret some of the data. So that is a sort of a goal down the line to actually figure out the best way to look at this kind of information.","So shoring up IT.","That is certainly one of the goals. That doesn't mean to say that you still don't need the experts. In our Night Watch research team, we have experts of all different kinds - curators, art historians, conservators, scientists. You still need those experts, you know, for interpretation of the data. But I mean, you want to take away a lot of the manual work, a lot of the looking. And that's where artificial intelligence and computers will be very helpful.","Well, I'm sure Rembrandt couldn't imagine that. Right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The auto industry is experiencing trouble and unemployment is rising. The Dow Jones Index's drop below 8,000 has Wall Street concerned","questions":"What index has Wall Street concerned?","answer":"Dow"}
{"text":["After Army Private First Class Brian Orolin returned from Afghanistan in 2011, his wife, Donna, could tell something wasn't quite right. He became paranoid. He suffered constant headaches and would isolate himself in his bedroom with the lights dimmed. And then on November 19, Brian left his wife and two children in Spring, Texas. He has been missing ever since.","At StoryCorps, Donna Orolin remembered the day he returned from Afghanistan.","He was literally the last person off the plane, and he was just so excited to see his daughters. I dressed the girls up and put little bows in their hair with his unit on them. And I put a sign out front that said welcome home, Specialist Orolin. He just couldn't wait to be dad - husband again, but then, things were different.","We used to hold hands all the time before he left. When he came back, he didn't like to be touched, so I had to remind myself to not rub his back, not sneak up behind him and give him hugs. And pretty much his sense of purpose was gone. He would say that he was just going to go away somewhere some day and disappear, and we'd never find him."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : implies that Donna is reflecting on the day Brian returned from Afghanistan and feeling emotional about it;","questions":"How was Donna feeling when Brian returned from Afghanistan?","answer":"Emotional"}
{"text":["I was so exhausted. And all of sudden, we just had this baby. The nurse was handing me this baby, and she's poopy. And it just was so messy. And it just - both of us immediately just started crying. It just was so joyful. It just felt perfect.","Before Hazel was born, though, Lindsey had a lot to worry about.","When she was 20 weeks old - the 20-week ultrasound, she was diagnosed with a fetal heart condition. So we weren't sure what condition she's going to be in when she came out. And she just let out this big scream and just kicking. It was just like she burst into the world. And, you know, just immediately we kind of knew this is a healthy baby. She is alive and. . .","She let you know."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In turn (4), \"She let you know\" implies that Hazel showed through her actions that she was healthy, even though her diagnosis had been uncertain.","questions":"What did Hazel do to show that she was healthy?","answer":"Showed"}
{"text":["What we saw was as the Republicans proposed their version of Trumpcare, no matter what you called it, people began to understand the important components of the Affordable Care Act that they relied on and that had made health insurance available to many people who hadn't had it. You know, Senator Shaheen and I - my senior senator - had an emergency field. . .","Let me interrupt.",". . . Hearing. And I'll just say, people told us over and over again that they had pre-existing conditions and they finally got health care.","But didn't health care prices and premiums go up for millions of Americans?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : THERE IS AN UNUSUAL CONDITION WHICH IS UNEXPECTED","questions":"How would you describe the condition mentioned in the turn 3 of the dialogue?","answer":"Unexpected"}
{"text":["But the technical. . .","Let me just jump in. When you say GDP, that's the Gross Domestic Product?","Exactly. So when you see growth going down, you see yourself in a recession. And it's, you know, it's Standard English, frankly. It's not rocket science, but the fact is that the macro numbers, Farai, belie what the micro reality is for so many people.","We've been seeing lay off numbers for over two years. We've seen a 5. 2 percent unemployment rate. All of those things combine to speak to, at least, economic hard times. But the technical definition of a recession is that you have two quarters of GDP going down. Now let's look at the next quarter because right now we don't have that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : While the macroeconomic numbers don't indicate a recession, many people are experiencing economic hardship.","questions":"Which numbers suggest that many people are experiencing economic hardship?","answer":"Layoffs"}
{"text":["Right (laughter).","But you saw her in the kitchen all the time.","Oh, yes. Yes, we had a good time. I mean, I met Julia in 1960. Helen McCullough was the food editor of \"House Beautiful. \"She said, I have that manuscript here. Can you look at it, of French cooking?What do you think of it?And I say, well I think it's very good. And she said, well, the woman is from California. She's coming to New York next week. Let's cook for her.","It's a big, tall woman with a terrible voice. And of course, that was Julia."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"It's a big, tall woman with a terrible voice. And of course, that was Julia.\" - The literal meaning of this turn is a description of Julia's physical appearance and voice, but the actual meaning is that A is identifying Julia as the woman they were discussing earlier.","questions":"What was PersonA's opinion on the manuscript about French cooking?","answer":"Good"}
{"text":["You know, he wrote that in all caps. This tweet was then followed by a statement from Taiwan's government that contradicted what Trump had just tweeted, saying that the call between the two leaders was set up by both sides in advance. Soon after that, Trump seemed to dig himself an even bigger diplomatic hole by tweeting (reading) interesting how the U. S.  sells Taiwan billions of dollars of military equipment, but I should not accept a congratulatory call.","So from his Twitter posts, it does seem like he's genuinely flummoxed about why his conversation with Taiwan's president was seen as such a big deal. On the other hand, though, it's certainly possible that this could have been a calculated signal that Trump's team of advisers was sending to China's leadership. It's important to mention here that Trump's advisers on China are a very hawkish group. They've written, in the past, about the importance of Taiwan. And it's likely they would approve of testing China's leadership like this.","Thanks very much, NPR's Rob Schmitz.","Thanks."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : thanking the NPR reporter, so it does not have a different actual meaning from its literal meaning. ","questions":"How did PersonB respond to the NPR reporter?","answer":"Thanks"}
{"text":["It sounded great. It's actually pretty good.","Isn't it?","Oh, I kind of shocked myself here.","That's Brad Leone of Bon Appetit. You can watch his show \"It's Alive: Goin' Places. \"Look for it on Apple TV or wherever you stream your shows."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  In this context, \"shocked myself\" is not meant literally, but figuratively. It is meant to imply that the speaker was pleasantly surprised by their own work.","questions":"Which word describes how the speaker felt about their work?","answer":"Surprised"}
{"text":["It's definitely been a massive industry for Georgia in the last 10 years because about a decade ago is when they instituted these new, very generous, lucrative tax incentives which gives productions up to 30% back depending on how much they spend and whether they're willing to put a Georgia peach logo in their credits and that sort of thing. But it's really significant money back for these major studios in Hollywood.","And what has it gotten back?","There was a record 455 films and television productions that were shot in Georgia in the last fiscal year. And they represented a $2. 7, you know, billion in direct spending, which they estimate brings in $9. 5 billion in total economic impact. So these numbers are really huge. And they have been a huge destination for feature films, and not just any sort of feature films, expensive blockbusters, the biggest of those being Marvel's \"Avengers\" movies, which shot at Pinewood Studios in Atlanta, which is a big production facility.","As we mentioned, studios and media companies have sent some warning signals. How likely, though, is an actual boycott?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Georgia's film industry has had a massive economic impact.","questions":"How much direct spending did film and television productions represent in Georgia in the last fiscal year?","answer":"$2.7"}
{"text":["Times like this, when the economies of states are in default, can states really afford this?","I really don't think they can, and in many, many states, legislatures are starting to agree with that idea and to really rethink their priorities. I mean, every dollar that you spend building and running a prison is a dollar that's not spent on a public university or healthcare or roads and bridges. At this point, Kansas, Texas and at least 11 other states are taking a very serious look at how to try out some new strategies that will curb their prison population, shrink the number of people behind bars so they can save a little money, reduce some recidivism and have money for other budget priorities.","Well, back up and tell us how we got here, because in your article you say in 1970 our prisons held fewer than 200,000 people. What happened?","A number of things happened. But primarily, it's what's called our nation's war on drugs. And I say so-called war on drugs, because, you know, we like to use that metaphor all the time on everything. But essentially a new host of sentencing practices took hold in the early '70s and spread across the country. Mandatory minimum sentences, meaning that the amount of drugs involved in a particular crime would affect the severity of the punishment. So even if you're a low-level drug mule, for example, the amount of drugs you were carrying was going to ensure that you get a very large sentence, perhaps even more than a drug king pin if that person was caught without a lot of drugs."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The cost of running prisons is diverting resources from other important areas such as healthcare and education.","questions":"How are states being affected by the cost of running prisons?","answer":"Negatively"}
{"text":["Yeah. And it really. . .","Maybe, it's social media now.","Right. And that I'm pitiful at. But I think when you have something like a Weinstein Company, or you have Fox Searchlight, you have these big studios that have supported independent filmmaking and tried to create larger platforms for them. If you have those larger companies that have a lot of history backing you, you end up having a better foot in the door. And so I think we are a dark horse (laughter).","Why do you hope people will go to see this film?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) - \"Dark horse\" is a metaphor meaning an outsider who unexpectedly wins or succeeds.","questions":"How does PersonA describe larger studios' support for independent filmmaking?","answer":"larger"}
{"text":["We're talking about 2. 8 million people. Has the rise of temporary workers figured into, at least, the statistical improvement of the U. S.  economy for some people?","It has. Overall, about one seventh of the total job growth has been in the temp sector. The temp sector is growing nine times faster than the overall private sector as a whole. And the 2. 9 million workers represents a record number, both in the number of temp workers and in the percentage of the economy that they make up.","You know in \"Harvest Of Shame,\" Edward R.  Murrow very famously said, the people we're showing you in this documentary have picked your Thanksgiving bounty with their bare hands, and this is how they live. What should we look at in our everyday lives that might remind us of how we're dependent on temp workers to get by?","It's very similar in how the goods change by the season. If you look at Valentine's Day, they pack our chocolates. If you look at Memorial Day, the barbecue grills are packed by temp workers. At Christmas, all the clothing and toys and gifts we get - the same things we saw in \"Harvest Of Shame,\" how workers get hired, how much they're paid, how they're transported to work is exactly the same thing that's happening here. The only difference is now that instead of picking things we're packing things."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  The implied meaning of this turn is to reflect on our reliance on temporary workers in our day-to-day lives, rather than its literal meaning of asking what we can look at to remind us of the plight of temporary workers.","questions":"Which turn prompts a reflection on our dependence on temporary workers in our daily lives?","answer":"Turn2"}
{"text":["Thank you.","So what originally did the Consumer Product Safety Commission say was wrong with this stroller?","They were concerned about the front wheel of the stroller. It's a three-wheeled stroller, and they were concerned with the wheel falling off suddenly. It's attached to the stroller with a quick release, the same thing that attaches the wheels on bicycles. And so parents would be out running, jogging with their strollers, their kid in the middle. And the wheel would spontaneously fall off.","So the agency spent months investigating. And in 2017, they decided that Britax should recall the stroller, that it wasn't safe. And they even sued to try and force the company to recall the stroller. Tell us why that didn't happen."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The stroller's front wheel would fall off suddenly during use, posing a safety risk for parents jogging with their children.","questions":"Which part of the stroller was causing the safety risk?","answer":"Front"}
{"text":["Well, logistically, the thing that would take the immediate pressure off the Border Patrol stations for the children would be to get them into Office of Refugee Resettlement custody faster. ORR is the agency that's responsible for taking care of them until they can find a family member or someone else in the U. S.  to sponsor them. And that system got bottled up in 2014 under the Obama administration when you first started to have large numbers of Central American children coming.","Now you have even higher numbers. And that's been exacerbated by the administration separating the parents from the children, which they are not doing on a large scale but they're still doing on a small scale. So you're just having too many children coming into the Border Patrol stations too quickly and not enough leaving to go into the custody of ORR quickly enough. So that's an immediate bottleneck that needs to be resolved.","Well, what would happen. I mean, how could these children be moved out of there more quickly?I mean, I take it that the first thing to do would be not separate them from their parents, so you presumably have an adult who can be responsible for them. That would be thing one.","Right."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : ORR needs to process children faster to ease Border Patrol stations.","questions":"Which agency is responsible for taking care of children until they can find a family member or someone else in the U.S. to sponsor them?","answer":"ORR"}
{"text":["The one and perhaps most controversial part of the law, the show-me-your-papers, though, that was upheld?","Preliminarily. You know, it was struck down on a preliminary injunction. There's still a lawsuit pending out in Arizona, and the court said for now, we're going to allow this to go forward with a couple understandings. And the understanding is that, yes, if a policeman stops someone in Arizona and, say, they don't have a driver's license, and the officer thinks this person may be here illegally, the officer can then check with the federal immigration authorities and say, do you want us to hold this person, or do you want to come and get this person?","If the federal government says no, that's the end of the matter. Justice Kennedy said this verification process should not result in prolonged detention. So he seemed to say if it's just a check and a notification, that's OK. If it's jailing somebody and holding them because Arizona thinks they're illegal, that's not OK.","And you said preliminarily, so this is clearly not the last word on that."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : if a policeman stops someone in Arizona and, say, they don't have a driver's license, and the officer thinks this person may be here illegally, the officer can then check with the federal immigration authorities and say, do you want us to hold this person, or do you want to come and get this person?\" - The actual meaning is that police officers can check with federal immigration authorities to determine whether someone is in the country illegally or not.","questions":"What is the show-me-your-papers law?","answer":"Show-me-your-papers"}
{"text":["What in this agreement makes it better in your perspective?Because you did say that there was something in it that was, so tell me one thing.","There are. The labor chapter itself is better. However, if you can't enforce the labor chapter, it is meaningless. And so we're trying to get the enforcement on three different levels that I outlined earlier.","So what's your message to Democrats here?I mean, the issue is, so far, the administration has been trying to work with the Democrats. I mean, the trade chief, for example, the U. S.  trade representative, Robert Lighthizer, has been working with Democrats to hear their concerns about it. I mean, and House Speaker Nancy Pelosi has appointed nine House Democrats to committees to negotiate these sort of - these changes.","But there is this some sense that, you know, the administration - others in the administration would like to fast-track it. There is a mechanism for doing that. I mean, do you have a specific message to Democrats?Because, as you know, with such a large - particularly with such a large presidential field, you've got all kinds of different opinions about international trade in that group. Do you know what I mean?So do you have a specific message to them about how to - you would like to see them proceed?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : What is your message to Democrats about how to proceed with negotiating the trade agreement?","questions":"What is the issue that the U.S. trade representative, Robert Lighthizer, has been working with Democrats to hear their concerns about?","answer":"Concerns"}
{"text":["So from your teens into your 40s, you become an increasingly successful auto repair entrepreneur and businessman. What makes you, in your 40s, wind up in medical school?","I really wanted to grow the business or - I didn't really know exactly which direction I wanted to go into, but I felt like I needed some foundational training in business if I were to do this correctly. So I ended up checking out some local colleges to see who had a degree program and came across Ursuline College in Pepper Pike.","But it was while I was at Ursuline that I discovered my desire for medicine that came back from how I felt when I was a child. And it was during a biology class. And it was the first day of class when I walked in there, in the first hour, that my life changed.","How?What happened?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : wind up means to suddenly be in a situation.","questions":"What caused the change in PersonA's life?","answer":"Biology"}
{"text":["Oh, no. As a matter of fact, I was delighted that I had had the opportunity to contribute to it. I had the option to volunteer for the program. I opted not to because I was very much involved in research that needed to be done. So I was - I turned down the opportunity because I felt that what we were doing was valuable for the future of our space program. As a matter of fact, the small 5-foot diameter parachute that we used to stabilize my freefall is still being used today in every ejection seat in the world. So what we did some 50 year - 55 years ago is still being used today.","What do you think about space exploration now?It struck me watching this that it's lost its human component, in a way. We send these unmanned missions into deep space, but we haven't really pushed human boundaries, I think, for quite some time.","I personally think that we should go back to the moon as soon as we can because there's a lot of lessons we need to learn before we can go to Mars, which should be the next great human adventure.","May I ask you a question?As you were standing on the precipice, you said a prayer. What was that prayer?What were you praying for?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  (2) - Implied meaning: What is your opinion on modern space exploration, which has become more robotic than human? ","questions":"What was the reason for turning down the opportunity to volunteer for the program?","answer":"Research"}
{"text":["My best friend grew up in the Philippines and celebrated Christmas in a really bizarre fashion - without Santa at all. On his first holiday in the United States, a relative happily shouted, come look what Santa did. And Joe froze, sure that someone had stolen all his toys. Well, how was I supposed to know, he told me. No one ever broke into our home to give us things.","This year, Emmeline is increasingly interested in these fledgling magical mysteries of childhood. We read \"The Night Before Christmas\" every day now, and I figured, if Emmeline could buy into the story of wingless, flying reindeer, she'd eventually come around to the notion that the fat guy from the mall could fit through a tiny gas pipe. In a family of jaded atheists, it was the true miracle of Christmas.","At the fireplace, Emmeline inspected the hole again, poking a hesitant finger through the opening. She looked up with unblinking eyes and asked, Santa fits in there?I nodded, whispering, Santa can do anything. Emmeline paused for a moment, smiling hopefully. But mommy said he just climbs in the window. At least we have another day to get our traditions straight.","Mike Adamick lives in San Francisco with his wife and their pint-sized doubting Thomas."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : when something is pint-sized in this context it means something is very small","questions":"Which word describes the size of Emmeline?","answer":"pint"}
{"text":["Yeah. You know, it's a great question. I think that the core of the problem is that they say that they pursue these weapons out of insecurity. So the logical thing is can the world provide them some sort of security?And in past agreements that I have participated in, we provided them security guarantees and offered to negotiate a peace treaty with them. The problem is I think the security - insecurity that they feel is generated by the regime itself. You know, these sorts of totalitarian regimes never feel secure. And that's the core problem.","Because there's mass starvation. There's mass poverty. There's mass oppression.","Right. And that they - all those things, and that they don't rule by the consent of the legitimacy of the people. And that's the basic problem.","Yeah. China has a role in this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"The problem is I think the security - insecurity that they feel is generated by the regime itself.\"  In this turn, the actual meaning goes beyond the literal meaning of the words. The speaker is implying that the regime intentionally creates an atmosphere of insecurity in order to maintain control over its population.","questions":"What is the core problem?","answer":"Insecurity"}
{"text":["Well, earlier this morning it seemed by Israeli military numbers that rocket fire from Gaza had slowed down a bit, to just half a dozen rockets over a 10 hour period or so. That's compared to nearly 700 since early Tuesday morning. But the steady pace has picked back up again. Israeli strikes on Gaza from planes and from ships off-shore in the Mediterranean are also continuing. In residential areas, and also last night, a Mosque was destroyed as well as a bank used by Hamas - that's the militant Islamic group that Israel blames for the current escalation.","Israeli press reports say there is a cease fire being drafted by a couple of Arab States. Those Israeli reports also say that Israel is open to discuss a cease fire, but claim that Hamas needs some kind of victory in this conflict. But publically, both sides say they're pressing forward with fighting. A Hamas spokesman yesterday mentioned an attack on an Israeli jeep, saying that if a ground war happens, Gaza will be a cemetery for Israeli soldiers.","Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has said he's exploring all options to end this conflict, but he also says that military strikes will continue until Israel can be certain that there's no more rocket fire from Gaza. Whether this will escalate into a ground conflict is still the main question people here are watching.","And what is it like in Gaza right now?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) - The literal meaning of the turn is that Israeli press reports mention a ceasefire being drafted and both sides are still fighting. However, the implied meaning is that there is a possibility of a ceasefire and that both sides may be willing to negotiate, despite the ongoing fighting.","questions":"Which side might be willing to negotiate despite ongoing fighting?","answer":"Both"}
{"text":["Absolutely. Let's say, for starters, that it doesn't affect us anywhere near as much as it affects, for example, the United Kingdom, which may not be united much longer - might very well break up over this. And it affects the European Union, which is going to have other countries - some of the larger countries in Western Europe - considering their own exit from the EU, including France. So these are upheavals, tremendous tumult and turmoil, for those countries.","In the United States, the effects would be somewhat more indirect. But that does not mean that they will be minor. Consider that yesterday the Dow Jones Average lost 600 points. All the major stock indexes were down three or four points. That's just the beginning of what is expected to be an indirect, but nonetheless quite palpable, economic effect on the United States. These are some of our biggest trading partners. And as they go through a period of distress, it's going to blow back on us in a number of ways.","What are some of the political implications?","Well, you know, Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton both responded to this pretty quickly. And it showed us a lot about the stark contrast between those two individuals. Hillary Clinton issued what might have been a calm, careful, diplomatic communique respecting the decision but talking about how it might affect American working families."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) \"it's going to blow back on us in a number of ways\" - The implied meaning here is that the economic effects of the decision being discussed will have negative consequences for the United States in multiple ways. The literal meaning is simply that there will be consequences.","questions":"How will the decision discussed affect the United States?","answer":"Consequences"}
{"text":["People are still there, and people are still very defiant. I think that's really the only word you can use for people who've spent the last month fasting during Ramadan in extremes of heat. And they now say that we will not step down; we will not stand back until this military council has been deposed.","Well, now the military is saying we're going to stall these negotiations. Any agreement that we had settled is off, but we're going to hold elections within nine months. Is that good news for the protesters?","It is - they take it as good news, but the reality is it's not because the only infrastructure that remains intact is the infrastructure of the former regime and the former ruling party. It's difficult to see how, in a situation where people are fearing for their lives, you can put together a cohesive electoral campaign. Even though the military council says that they will allow observers in, this is a military council that is blocking journalists - that has suspended Al Jazeera, that has suspended other journalists from doing their work. So there's a lot of disbelief that they will allow observers to carry out their job.","Meanwhile, they will just continue to sit-in, to protest, to demand democratic reforms even if they are unlikely."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : People who fasted during Ramadan in extreme heat are showing defiance by continuing to protest until the military council is deposed.","questions":"What is the only word that can be used to describe the people who spent the last month fasting during Ramadan in extremes of heat and are still protesting until the military council is deposed?","answer":"Defiant"}
{"text":["We were with addicts on the street as they were having encounters with law enforcement. We were in treatment centers with people trying to kick the addiction. There's this one phenomenal picture of five inmates. They're all pregnant and being let in to get their methadone and things like that. We were in in drug courts, where people were being dealt with by the criminal justice system.","I think one of the reasons that it's gotten so much attention is because of the spareness with which we report it. We just report anecdote after anecdote after anecdote after anecdote over seven days. And anybody who reads it cannot come away without understanding how deep and how pernicious and how totally involving of our society this epidemic is.","Are there things that happen in Cincinnati every day that people walk past that you wanted to use this opportunity to share with?","Well, yes, I mean, in the sense that we wanted people to understand that this is going on all around them. Heroin is not a demographic or racial or any socioeconomic status - however you want to put it - drug. Its terrible reach is universal."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The drug epidemic is pervasive and affects everyone regardless of background or social status.","questions":"What is the extent of the heroin epidemic?","answer":"extent"}
{"text":["How embarrassing. How. . .","I love how you mention the head rag because it's like. . .","Exactly.","In my family, it was like - it's a disgrace to the race when you leave the house with your head rag."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The head rag is associated with negative stereotypes.","questions":"Which item of clothing?","answer":"Head"}
{"text":["My God, the gratitude will be endless.","Now it's interesting what you're saying because, you know, your writing is so rooted in the Dominican community of New Jersey, specifically New Jersey is a very, you know, specific group of people. And, you know, the character, Yunior, who you have written about in your books, he's a smart, nerdy, bookish kid who I always think is maybe a little bit like yourself.","And I wonder what it's like to grow up in that community as a bookish kid, as I imagine you were, and then suddenly get an award like this, suddenly be declared a genius, suddenly have the freedom to, as they say, explore whatever you want to explore. Tell me about that journey for you, that personal journey.","Well, I mean, it bears repeating. I'm an immigrant. My father was an undocumented immigrant. I come from a community, a Dominican community that's part of a larger Latino community. And listen, you don't have to be a particularly awake person to know that for the last couple years, immigrants, Latinos and folks who have anything to do with undocumented immigration, have been just demonized by our politicians."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : B wants to know more about the writer's personal journey, but also wants to understand how the writer's experiences may have shaped their writing","questions":"Which community does PersonB suggest the writer's writing is rooted in?","answer":"NewJersey"}
{"text":["You edited \"Confessions of a Video Vixen\" by Karrine Steffans. We've had her on show. And it's a memoir about her life as a video dancer for artists like JZ, R.  Kelly, LL Cool J. It talks about hip hop, sex, sexuality, family. Tell me about the process of getting her story to press.","Well it's interesting. I'd heard quite a lot about Corrine via reading a magazine article about her and then hearing about her repeatedly on radio. And so when I reached out to her, I didn't really have a lot of expectations other than this might be interesting. And so I had a very long conversation with her and you know, upon talking to her I was very impressed with her being very - her candor was amazing first of all and then secondly the fact that she was unapologetic about her life. She wasn't proud of it necessarily but she wasn't apologetic either.","And so one of the things that we did, our editorial director, who is amazing, went out to LA and said, I just want to experience this woman for myself and so she spent an evening with her in a popular Hollywood watering hole. And she knew after that evening that Corrine was who she said she was, just based on how people, particularly men, responded to her just from her walking into the room.","Well that's one way of looking at things. But the publisher obviously went a lot further to turn\u2026"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The subject matter of the memoir is controversial and intriguing","questions":"How would you describe the subject matter of the memoir?","answer":"Controversial"}
{"text":["No (laughter).","It tastes like the best parts of the sotol have just been elevated.","All right. I can get into that.","I don't know. I'm just making stuff up. It's really yum."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The actual meaning: The food\/drink is delicious. Implied meaning: The speaker is indicating that they are uncertain about the accuracy of their statement. However, the use of the phrase \"I'm just making stuff up\" implies that the speaker may be exaggerating or not entirely serious about their comment. Despite that, they still express that the food\/drink is very tasty by saying \"it's really yum.\"","questions":"What is the PersonA's tone when they say \"I'm just making stuff up\"?","answer":"Uncertain"}
{"text":["I decided to take matters in my own hands and decided to raise the funds that I need to get the materials that the kids need. The budget wasn't going to change. The only thing is, it was going to get worse. I had decided that I should advertise on my test, and I said, well, if you would like to put a quote or an ad at the bottom of my test, then it'd be kind of a mutual - they help the kids, and then I help them get a little bit of PR out of it.","And so the parents, they responded well?","Absolutely. Back to school night, I had one parent give me a $100 check, and she said, I hope this gets you started, and I actually had a lot of good comments, saying that's very creative and thinking outside the box.","And I've actually gotten emails from parents and one from my school district saying, you know, I am glad somebody is finally speaking up and saying that parents are having a tough time footing the bill for things that should have been paid for through their tax dollars and paid through the school system.","And what did the kids says?I mean, aren't they kind of bombarded by advertising all day long when they are not in school?","They really like the quotes, and they actually look forward to them. I've had students say, hey, what's going to be the next quote, and I tell them, you have to wait."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : take matters in my own hands implies to deal with a situation personally ","questions":"What did PersonA decide to do?","answer":"Raise"}
{"text":["The White House appears to have been caught off guard by the book. There seemed to have been no unified strategy in some ways. I mean, they sort of just let the president take the ball and run with it.","Yeah. Well, look. This book - this is a question that I have - and I've been unable to get an answer from the White House since Wednesday - which is, how many people in the White House cooperated with this book?How many comms staff were in interviews - these interviews that Mike Wolff supposedly had - walking into the White House, roaming around, in his words?","They say he never met with the president in the Oval Office. Michael Wolff says he does. There's a lot of confusion about how much access and how much participation the White House had with this book. So they shouldn't be caught off guard, I think, based on the level of access that Wolff appears to have. And they haven't been quite forthright about what level that is.","I talked to somebody who was interviewed who said there was a comms person, somebody in the West Wing in the White House - there was a comms person in that interview with him. How many other interviews were like that?And I think that that - we should keep that in mind when we hear sort of these calls that this is this is tabloid trash, that nobody in the White House knew what was happening or that this was all Steve Bannon."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The White House had no clear plan for the book and let the president handle it alone.","questions":"What aspect of the White House's handling of the book did PersonA question?","answer":"Cooperation"}
{"text":["We've only just begun to look at this, right?So we've only used one kind of treatment of 12 hours of light and 12 hours of darkness. And we've only looked at cabbage so far. And under our experimental conditions, we find that these chemicals accumulate most in the day, it may be midday, and they go down at night. And there's about a two-fold difference.","Wow.","But much more would need to be done to know really when the best time of day would be to eat different kinds of vegetables.","OK. So you started with cabbage. Are there any other veggies that look enticing, so to speak, for you to study or sort of similar to a cabbage cycle?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : you don't really know that much about this.","questions":"How much does person PersonB think person PersonA knows about the topic?","answer":"expert"}
{"text":["What would happen in a civil contempt is that you would basically be trying to hold the attorney general - get a court order that he was in contempt. And the court would have a hearing. And Justice Department would intervene, and they would fight the contempt citation. And then the court would have a ruling. And that's how the process kind of operates theoretically. What normally happens is the court does not like to step into executive legislative disputes, and they will urge both sides to try to accommodate one another. I think it would only be if the court determined that the Justice Department was really in bad faith would they then hold the attorney general in contempt.","Let me ask you this. If this matter does land in court, if litigation is actively pursued, that could take months. It could take years even. And if the goal is to get information from Attorney General William Barr, how is this an effective strategy?Pursuing a contempt case could result in a huge delay, right?","I think the reality is is that the rules of subpoenas right now as we're discussing in many ways work in favor of the executive for the exact reason that you are hinting at in your question, which is they can run the clock. They can probably run the clock on the enforcement question for months, if not years. And they might be able to even run it up to the next election.","Right. So if the White House intends to stonewall, do you think it's even a wise strategy on the part of the Democrats right now to be talking about contempt?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The court may not intervene in executive legislative disputes.","questions":"Which kind of disputes may the court not intervene in?","answer":"Legislative"}
{"text":["What is - let's start with this. What is your personal collection to the work and the images in this book?","Well, to me this was a labor of love. I've been living in the U. S. I came back to England. It's my homeland. I came back to London, my home city, and I felt that the culture of the young black people in particular here were suffering from a kind of deficit, historically speaking.","There were younger people in my neighborhood who were bereft of history, who took their idea of themselves from watching their kind of generic hip-hop video material that they got from the video screen rather than really inquiring into the particular history and experience of our communities in this country.","As I looked at the book, I was trying to find a theme, and I don't know if I found one or not. What was, in your view, the major trends or themes that you saw unfolding over the century that are depicted in these photographs?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The implied meaning in turn (3) is that the author saw a lack of knowledge among young people in their community about their own cultural history and wanted to address this deficit by creating a book with images and information about that history.","questions":"What did the author aim to address through the book?","answer":"Deficit"}
{"text":["Right. So there's one where Kim Kardashian is posing against a pile of sand. She's undressed, very provocative. And then there's you, sort of similarly clad, reclining against gravel (laughter).","Yeah, on a dirt pile. Kim Kardashian on a dirt pile. That's the way people refer to that photo a lot.","Why do you think it's resonated so much?Why do you think people have enjoyed this so much?","Well, first and foremost, I look like an idiot in them, the other person doesn't. And it's not like I'm taking - I don't take paparazzi photos of people or I'll only take what they've posted themselves. And then I look silly in it. So the beginning of it is me looking stupid. And I think people like that. I think people like seeing people make fun of themselves - I do - and just not caring. I think it's nice to see on a platform like Instagram, where it's all about how things are staged. It's nice to see something that is so not."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In Turn (4), when A says, \"And then I look silly in it,\" they are not suggesting that they are physically looking at themselves while taking the photo, but rather that they appear foolish or ridiculous in the photo.","questions":"What is PersonA's reason for taking paparazzi photos of people?","answer":"None"}
{"text":["Hi. And I suppose I should say congratulations.","Yes, thank you. It's exciting.","Exciting, as you say, but what was different this time?- because the Green Party has been around for a while in Germany.","Well, on the surface, the topic of climate change and the demonstration of young people - the so-called Fridays for Future, where students skipped their classes and went demonstrating, demanding that the politicians start listening to them in terms of climate policies - this got traction among their parents, among their grandparents."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The topic of climate change and the Fridays for Future movement mobilized a wider demographic.","questions":"How did the Fridays for Future movement impact a wider demographic?","answer":"Climate"}
{"text":["Scott Snyder is the senior fellow for Korea studies and the director of the program on U. S. -Korea policy at the Council on Foreign Relations. You're listening to TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News.","And you mentioned that parade of prime ministers in Tokyo. Mr.  Abe himself was a short-term prime minister as he got himself into some trouble on nationalist, among other issues. Is he likely to trim his sails back towards the center this time?He ran a pretty nationalist campaign.","Well, those specialists who have had direct contact with him suggested he's really a realist and a pragmatist. And that, in fact, last time when he was prime minister, he did curb some of those rhetorical impulses and, in fact, opened up kind of a new page in the relationship between Japan and China. Certainly, that sort of statesmanship is in great demand at this stage given the increasing tensions in the regional environment.","And the - as his rule maybe ephemeral, we will have to see. China, the new leaders there can look forward to a decade, if history - recent history is any guide. I guess, we've seen two now transitions of power in China that were reasonably predictable. But as they look ahead, does that suggest caution?Does that suggest - what signs are you looking for, what indicators as to what they will do on the crucial issue, for example, of political reform?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : sail back to the centre implies engaging in doing things right this time in order to build bridges and connection ","questions":"Which issue is the speaker referring to when they ask for signs and indicators of what the new leaders in China will do?","answer":"Political"}
{"text":["So wait, you're saying to invest in fat?","Well, exactly. Or to invest in companies that prevent that fat. So that's one potential demographic change. The amount of chocolate consumed worldwide is greater every year, particularly, you know, as you have a lower class in China that's moving towards the middle class.","The problems with clean water in these urban areas is getting larger and larger every year. For instance, right now, just about 50 percent of all hospital beds worldwide are filled with people suffering from clean-water-related diseases or unclean-water-related diseases. So making investments based on these trends and the others I discuss in the book could be enormously profitable in the long run.","Does the fact that this economy, which seems to just take hit after hit after hit, and it seems to be heading straight into a recession if not worst, does that at all change the advice that you give?And presumably, you wrote this book before all the really bad news hit."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The statement of A implied that he is suggesting investing in companies that are working to address the problem of lack of clean water","questions":"Which problem is PersonA suggesting to invest in?","answer":"Clean-water"}
{"text":["I think, in essence, it's just because of what might happen if this ruling stands - court challenges, that Mexico will see a huge increase in asylum-seekers. And it's just something they aren't prepared to do. Look. Detention facilities in the southern border are overcrowded. They're dirty. They're ill-equipped for such large numbers now. And shelters are the same, they're at overcapacity at the southern and the northern Mexican borders.","So describe the system that is in place. I mean, Mexico must have some resources in place to handle the existing flow of asylum-seekers.","Yes, it has a Refugee Assistance Commission. It's called COMAR. And Mexico has a long history of accepting refugees. It was one of the biggest countries to take in Jews during the Holocaust. It took in the Spanish during their civil war, Guatemalan refugees during that country's long civil war. So it has always dealt with refugees. But the agency is overwhelmed. The numbers now coming into Mexico are huge.","For the first eight months this year, nearly 50,000 migrants have received refugee status or protection. That's almost a 70% increase over the same time last year. And Mexico's acceptance rate is pretty high too in some categories. You know, to get refugee protection asylum in Mexico, the bar is a lot lower than it is in the U. S. But Venezuelans are almost - get - 100% of the time they receive asylum, Guatemalans not so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : There is no bar but it does mean that the requirements in Mexico are lower.","questions":"What is the definition of the \"bar\" for obtaining refugee protection in Mexico?","answer":"None"}
{"text":["(Laughter) Well, punctuation cooking may be a bit different, but I call it a great deal of those dishes where people have little bottle and they do little dots and the little comma and question mark all around.","(Laughter).","And basically, there (laughter) is no sauce to dip your bread in. You don't really know what those things have to do with the food. When I cook, I like people to be able to identify the food. I like people to feel comfortable. I want people to look at my food and start salivating and starting thinking of a marriage of that food with a certain type of wine and so forth. But in molecular cuisine, this is fine. I mean, up to a certain extent - a meal or two this way, but after a while, I just want to go out and have a taco and a beer (laughter).","(Laughter) As I was reading your book, you know, Julia Child - your friend and co-conspirator of many years - was famous for telling us, remember, nobody sees you in the kitchen."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) In turn (3), the speaker is talking about molecular cuisine, which is a type of cooking that uses scientific techniques to create new and unusual dishes. The implied meaning is that while molecular cuisine can be interesting and exciting to try, it may not be satisfying or enjoyable in the long run. The speaker prefers traditional cooking methods that are familiar and comforting","questions":"Which cuisine does the speaker prefer?","answer":"Traditional"}
{"text":["No, I was never asked. But I did offer in a made-for-TV. No, just kidding (laughter).","Even if you're not helping to prepare Hillary Clinton for the debate, would you give her any advice on how to - if I might put it this way - provoke Donald Trump?","Oh yeah, that's easy. Yeah, I mean, look, Donald Trump has got unlimited number of insecurities. But the No. 1 one thing, I would say, is his insecurity with his intellect. There's a reason why he always refers to where he went to college and, you know, that I'm a smart person.","You know, it may be narcissism. But I think it really reflects an insecurity. And if I was in a debate against him, I wouldn't do it all the time. But I'd pick my spots just to smile and shake my head, you know, and make sure he sees it because that will drive him nuts because it'll be just a passive-aggressive way to question his intellect."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) Indicates that the speaker would use passive-aggressive tactics to undermine Donald Trump's confidence.","questions":"Which tactic would the speaker use to question Donald Trump's intellect?","answer":"Passive-aggressive"}
{"text":["I've also been impressed by what Germany has done to address their history. And I notice in some spots in Germany, you will have plaques that remember the lives and the death of individual German soldiers. Is there room for that?","There's a room for a commemorating individual soldiers. There's a room for, I think, monument on battlefields. I mean, Gettysburg - people have asked me, what about Gettysburg?Well, you know, people fought and died there. So, yes, I think to the extent that these things are done in places that are not meant to send a message of domination, sure that's appropriate.","If it were up to you, what should be done with a lot of Confederate statues?","I think the Confederate statues should be removed. The notion that removing them means we're getting rid of history or changing history is not true. We will always write about Robert E.  Lee, Grant, the war, but that's - doesn't have to be commemorated, I think, in statues."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : I've also been impressed by what Germany has done to address their history.And I notice in some spots in Germany, you will have plaques that remember the lives and the death of individual German soldiers.Is there room for that?  Actual Meaning: Is it acceptable to honor and remember the individual German soldiers who died in the war?","questions":"Which country's actions towards their history has impressed B?","answer":"Germany"}
{"text":["And I can tell you though when people of color hear white people say, I was taught to treat everyone the same when racism comes up, they're usually rolling their eyes. And they're definitely not thinking, oh, right, I'm talking to a woke white person right now. They're usually thinking this is a dangerous white person. This is a white person who has no self-awareness and is not going to be able to hold and affirm my reality, which is fundamentally different than theirs in a society which is deeply separate and unequal by race.","And you actually, in this book, very specifically target white progressives. You say that white progressives cause the most daily damage to people of color. What do you mean?","Yeah. First, let's define a white progressive. In my mind, it's any white person who thinks they're not racist - thinks they get it, thinks they are less racist, who's listening to the show right now thinking of all the other white people that really should be listening to this show right now.","Right. It's never us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : White progressives cause harm to people of color despite their belief that they are not racist.","questions":"How do white progressives harm people of color despite believing they are not racist?","answer":"People"}
{"text":["I loved her tuna fish sandwiches, her spaghetti and meatballs. . .","Yeah, the tuna fish sandwiches, you write, she put pickle juice in them, you know, just gave it something a little bit different.","And to stretch it out as well, and that's the way I make it. My daughter loves it. That was my first experience of food, but I have great memories of the stuff I love that she made.","The big character though in this book, overarching, I think, everything, at least in the beginning, is a - is South Boston, Southie. It seems to be a fundamental part of who you are. Tell us about Southie."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  B: \"The big character though in this book, overarching, I think, everything, at least in the beginning, is a - is South Boston, Southie. It seems to be a fundamental part of who you are. Tell us about Southie.\"  The literal meaning of B's words is that the setting of the book is South Boston, and that this is an important part of the story. However, the implied meaning is that the setting is more than just a location, but rather a character in its own right, with its own personality and influence on the other characters.","questions":"What is the big character in the book?","answer":"Southie"}
{"text":["Only that she's been willing to tell her story from the beginning. She testified voluntarily to the Senate intelligence committee in April before all of this. And she's never been hesitant to tell her story. And she'll tell her story if the government asks her to in whatever form they ask her to.","What about U. S.  person No. 1, Paul Erickson, the Republican political operative?He appears throughout the plea agreement. He and your client, I gather, had a romantic relationship. He apparently helped her establish those back-channel relations. Should he be indicted?Do you think he will be?","I mean, that's going to be up to the Department of Justice. I mean, I think if one takes the view the department has - the broad view of the foreign agent statute - there might be some risk there. But I don't think there's going to be any news about that beyond what's been in the statement of the offense.","Are you worried about what happens if your client is sent back to Russia?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Russia here refers to or implies a prison","questions":"Which country is being referred to as a prison in turn 3?","answer":"Russia"}
{"text":["The fear is magnified by a third factor, which is uncertainty, and the uncertainty level is enormous right now. We're really at the brink. People don't know - are we entering an inflationary environment or a deflationary environment?We really don't know what's going to happen. And the potential outcomes are so different and so huge in their consequences that there's just an enormous amount of uncertainty, and that magnifies the fear. People say, I don't want to play this game if I don't have any idea where it's going to head.","Haven't there been studies that show that people are more motivated by fear than by the lure of profit or the lure of gain?","Exactly. People are twice as afraid of taking a loss or afraid of the pain of taking a loss as they are of the feel of pleasure of taking a gain. So what you have in the markets is the effect where as stocks drop and people become more and more into negative territory, they're both afraid of taking the pain of a loss but at some point, as they're riding down, they're losing stocks, they capitulate. They finally throw in the towel and say, that's it. This is too much pain. I can't take it anymore. It's one explanation for why bull markets tend to be long and trending while bear markets like this are rapid and short.","So how do we get out of this?How do we get out of this negative feedback loop?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : People are more afraid of losing than they are of gaining in the stock market.","questions":"How are people motivated in the stock market?","answer":"Fear"}
{"text":["And I started recording them, and then over time, it found its audience.","I mean, it found a huge audience. Does it surprise you that what you find interesting so many other people do, too?","Yes and no. It's funny, I was listening about vaccines just now, and in a way, you know, modern medicine has approached this mission of optimizing the life of the body with such methodical rigor, but we haven't necessarily done that about the life of the mind.","And the education system is, in a way, this antiquated universal vaccine model: We think that we can cram it all in a few years of formal schooling, and it's going to protect us for the rest of our lives. But the way I think of learning and creative curiosity is as a kind of immune system against the life of mediocrity."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Yes and no\" implies that A is on the fence concerning if he was surprised that what he find interesting others too do.","questions":"How did PersonA feel about finding a huge audience for his recordings?","answer":"Mixed"}
{"text":["The premise is that I guess people step into his life when they step into his cab. And he doesn't want to get involved but has to, right?","That's it. I mean, he's abiding maximum life, as it should be with all cabdrivers. I mean, come on. It's please don't get involved with your customers because it can only end in tears. (Laughter).","Will.","(Laughter)."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) is a short form of \"I will,\" meaning \"I understand,\" indicating agreement with the speaker's sentiment.","questions":"Which word does turn 3 in the dialogue represent?","answer":"Will"}
{"text":["Well, I think it's been a historical thing. It's not a new thing. Mental illness has always been a mystery. And in ancient times, it was considered to be some kind of supernatural phenomenon, demon possession. In the modern era, meaning the beginning of the 19th century, there was an effort to consider mental disorders as illnesses. But then when researchers attempted to see what the pathology of the illness was in individuals who, when they were living, were ill - when it came to mental illnesses, they couldn't find anything. And I think then what happened is that in the desperation of psychiatrists who, by and large, were the custodians of asylums - as an alternative, people sought treatments, but the treatments turned out to be in retrospect pretty barbaric. And it's only really been in the last 50 years that psychiatry has established a scientific foundation for itself and developed treatments that truly work beyond a shadow of a doubt and are safe. But the lulled attitudes still persists.","Yeah. No name is bigger still, in a way, than Sigmund Freud. What did he get right, and what do we now know was not as helpful?","Well, Freud is undisputedly a towering figure and the most famous person in the history of psychiatry. And in the absence of any scientific theory of mental illness, he introduced concepts that were completely novel to civilization and endure today as valid and have really been given new life in the context of cognitive neuroscience.","What did he get wrong?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"No name is bigger still, in a way\" - This phrase is not meant to be taken literally. It means that Sigmund Freud's influence is still significant and widely recognized in the field of psychiatry.","questions":"Which Freudian influence is still recognized in the field of psychiatry?","answer":"Influence"}
{"text":["Absolutely.","But still, I would beg still to point to the affinity between wanting to bake and the significance of bread and grain and its significance as something that supports life as a kind of basic food. And, of course, Christians use unleavened bread - some Christians, at least, in the Western Christian tradition tend to use unleavened bread for every Eucharistic celebration. And that in itself is understood to be an echo of that last supper. So Christians are sort of using a form of matzah throughout the year and celebrating a little Passover every Sunday, in one sense.","What about the journey from slavery to freedom which is part of the Passover celebration?The way that Christians celebrate the journey from death to life which is part of the resurrection of Christ - I mean, are those all parallels that we should pay attention to?","Well, the Easter Vigil itself is really a kind of mini Passover for Christians, I think. Much of its symbolism is specifically about mapping Jesus' narrative - the story of Jesus' connection and his movement from death to life - as a kind of image that parallels that of the Exodus experience so that Jesus becomes Israel itself and his passage from death to life is like the passage through the Red Sea."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Well, the Easter Vigil itself is really a kind of mini Passover for Christians, I think.Much of its symbolism is specifically about mapping Jesus' narrative - the story of Jesus' connection and his movement from death to life - as a kind of image that parallels that of the Exodus experience so that Jesus becomes Israel itself and his passage from death to life is like the passage through the Red Sea.","questions":"What is the Easter Vigil?","answer":"mini-Passover"}
{"text":["A few hundred?","A few hundred?","A few hundred, yeah.","There is a composition on this recording \"Fur Elise\". . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The literal meaning of turns (1) and (2) is asking a question about the number \"a few hundred\". The implied meaning of these turns is that B is surprised by the number A mentioned.","questions":"What is PersonB's reaction to the number mentioned by A?","answer":"Surprised"}
{"text":["Hello.","What happened to you this morning?What happened in Kathmandu?","Well, we were on a staff retreat with our editors and reporters up on a mountaintop overlooking Kathmandu Valley. And it felt as if I was propelled two meters up into the air. It was just such a heavy jolt. And when we looked down at the city, it looked like it had been completely destroyed because there was a ball of dust covering the entire valley in which Kathmandu is situated. And we thought the whole city had been destroyed. But as we got down back into the city through the roads, it looked like it wasn't as bad as we initially feared. Many of the residential buildings were damaged, but seem to be intact. On the other hand, the monuments of the world heritage sites in Kathmandu - Bhaktapur and Patan - many of them have been completely destroyed.","Mr.  Dixit, have you been able to get a handle on how extensive the damage is in Nepal and for that matter the region 'cause there are reports that India's also been affected."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B: \"Mr. Dixit, have you been able to get a handle on how extensive the damage is in Nepal and for that matter the region 'cause there are reports that India's also been affected.\" The literal meaning is asking if Mr. Dixit has information about the extent of the damage caused by the earthquake. The actual meaning is that the speaker wants to know more about the situation in Nepal and India and the impact of the earthquake in the region.","questions":"Which region is mentioned in PersonB's question about the extent of damage caused by the earthquake?","answer":"India"}
{"text":["The alternative would be, you know, if you had a hurricane coming down in Florida, for example, and you had private forecasting services that said, you know, we can predict this with an extra day ahead of time, allowing for people to evacuate who have access to that information. And that information becomes a commodity rather than a public good.","Now that you know so much about the weather and the way that it works and its importance to us, I mean, what keeps you up at night?","I mean, Sandy was a scary scenario. But the implication is that it's not the worst possible. You know, its impacts were localized. Even in parts of New York I remember, you know, waking up the next morning. And in the neighborhood that I live, you know, things were basically normal, which was not the case three miles away.","So I think for me, you know, what keeps me up is the idea of a perfectly forecast storm that is catastrophic on a broader scale and that we see coming for six days ahead and need to make decisions - not just as individuals, but as a society or as a city - how to move and respond. And I think, you know, that anticipation is new. You know, we haven't had that capability before. And we have it now. And the next step is to figure out how to use it properly."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : 'B' is asking what 'A' is worried about, not whether or not these things keep him literally awake during the night.","questions":"What is the implication of a perfectly forecast storm that 'A' is worried about?","answer":"Broader"}
{"text":["(Laughter) I'm not sure if that's a compliment, Steve. But thanks.","I don't know. If it means tough, if it means on top of things, it is you, Melissa. Own it.","Well, gosh. Thanks.","She's in Lyon, France. This is NPR News."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A is unsure whether Steve's comment is a compliment or not","questions":"How did PersonA respond to Steve's comment?","answer":"Thanks"}
{"text":["When I listen to you talk, I feel like the worst possible - the most hurtful insult someone could ever fling at you is, you're not authentic.","And she falls to the ground, and she curls into a ball. And. . .","What is it about authenticity that if it were lacking, it's mortally wounding for you?","Yeah. I mean, if you're telling someone they're not authentic, then what are you saying?I guess you could say the opposite of authenticity is - I don't want to just say fake because there's another word."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Authenticity is crucial for A and lack of it hurts them","questions":"Which trait is essential for PersonA and causes them pain when it's absent?","answer":"Authenticity"}
{"text":["God bless them. God bless them both.","The next album. Yes, definitely. I'm very happy for her.","Halle Berry, I guess. Speaking of families, and, you know, issues like that, she won the best actress award at the BET Awards this week, but a lot of people are asking why aren't we seeing more of your baby?","Right."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Asking why the person is hiding their baby and not showing it to the public.","questions":"How did Halle Berry win?","answer":"Unknown"}
{"text":["And that made both party's much more democratic operations - again, small D.  But the Democrats - large D, capital D - pushed it a lot further than the Republicans. The Republicans want to restrain the representational nature of the system a little bit so as to reach a conclusion a little faster. And that's the big difference now.","I think in Super Tuesday-voting today, for example, it's quite possible that one Republican candidate will get enough votes around the country that he'll become the nominee more or less de facto. On the Democratic side, though, there's really no chance to that. The proportional splits that I've been talking about, the breaking of the vote down and making it representative of the vote, that's going to divide the delegates between the two parties - or between the two candidates on the Democratic side.","So there are people on both sides of the major party system who have dropped out, and they have delegates. What happens to their delegates?","There aren't many, really. It's just a handful in both parties. And what will happen to those delegates is after their candidate is officially out - John Edwards, for example, is not officially out. He's just suspended his campaign."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : In this turn, the use of \"democratic\" with a small 'D' is not referring to the political ideology of democracy. Instead, it is referring to the internal operations of the parties becoming more inclusive and participatory. Similarly, \"Democrats\" with a capital 'D' is not solely referring to the Democratic Party, but rather to the people who identify with or support the Democratic Party.","questions":"Which type of \"democratic\" does turn 0 refer to?","answer":"Internal"}
{"text":["You know, it hurts them both because many of the voters just don't understand how this can be happening. They know the president wants it. They know the Senate majority wants it or says it wants it. But the Senate just can't muster even half its votes to do it, and they can't bring all the Republicans to bear on it. So something is not right. Either the mojo of the president isn't working or the mechanism of the Senate is not working, and to some degree, both are true.","Is there any reason why Democrats now might want to sign on to any kind of bipartisan health care effort when their own plan has been saved?","Yes, absolutely. The Democrats need to go forward with some kind of bipartisan solution because there are many real problems with the execution and the administration of Obamacare. Now, Patty Murray, the senator from Washington state, has been working with Tennessee's Lamar Alexander in the Senate. And he's a Republican. He's the chairman of one of the committees that's relevant here.","And, of course, a lot of the Democrats are aware of these shortfalls. And there are counties with only one insurance company and counties where it's not clear there are going to be any insurance companies. And some of that's been overblown, but there are real problems. And, of course, any bill, any large program, any law needs to be revisited and amended, and the parties need to get together to do that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) Implied meaning: Is there any incentive for Democrats to cooperate with Republicans on health care reform now that they have been successful in preserving the original?","questions":"Which senator from Washington state has been working with a Republican on a bipartisan solution to the problems with Obamacare?","answer":"Murray"}
{"text":["That's Theia. That's the Mars-sized planet that people have been invoking all these years, for about the last 40 years now. And that led to detailed models and dozens and dozens of papers exploring this idea of fleshing out various scenarios. And in the last 10 years, we really thought we were approaching the endgame, where we could make the Earth, we could give it its spin, we could, you know, make a moon. . .","And you had it all wrapped up?","We had it all wrapped up, and not only could we make a moon, but we could make a moon that has pretty odd composition. I mean, the moon has a composition that's really odd. It's like - it is like George Darwin said, it's like you pulled a piece of the mantle out of the Earth and popped it into the sky, but. . .","So it's made of mostly Earth stuff?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A planet named Theia has been discussed for 40 years.","questions":"How long has Theia been discussed?","answer":"40"}
{"text":["Well, what we hear is a lot of relief, really, that this relentless countdown to all-embracing war, civilians may be averted. But, of course, people are still afraid because what is not off is this war on terror. There are a number of listed terror organizations in Idlib, formerly called Al-Nusra and other groups. And they will be hit with air raids. They will be moved out of this buffer zone that you just described. They will be fought. And hundreds of thousands of civilians can still end up in the crossfire.","How do you establish and enforce a nine-mile demilitarized zone?","Well, the idea of Russia and Turkey is now that Nusra and the other extremist groups will either voluntarily go from this zone, or they will be forced out by other groups and that Turkey and Russia have agreed that there will be an enforcement of this.","The possibility of a battle in Idlib is figured to be probably the last battle of the Syrian civil war that's been going on for a number of years now. Does this agreement avoid that battle or merely postpone it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Despite the relief of averted war, people are still afraid of the war on terror and the potential for civilian casualties.","questions":"Which war makes people afraid despite the averted all-embracing war?","answer":"war"}
{"text":["And I can tell you though when people of color hear white people say, I was taught to treat everyone the same when racism comes up, they're usually rolling their eyes. And they're definitely not thinking, oh, right, I'm talking to a woke white person right now. They're usually thinking this is a dangerous white person. This is a white person who has no self-awareness and is not going to be able to hold and affirm my reality, which is fundamentally different than theirs in a society which is deeply separate and unequal by race.","And you actually, in this book, very specifically target white progressives. You say that white progressives cause the most daily damage to people of color. What do you mean?","Yeah. First, let's define a white progressive. In my mind, it's any white person who thinks they're not racist - thinks they get it, thinks they are less racist, who's listening to the show right now thinking of all the other white people that really should be listening to this show right now.","Right. It's never us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : White progressives cause harm to people of color despite their belief that they are not racist.","questions":"What group of people do white progressives harm despite their belief that they are not racist?","answer":"People"}
{"text":["Basically, this conflict, it stems from a power struggle between two very big people in South Sudan, the president, Salva Kiir, and his former vice president, Riek Machar. You have two guys who couldn't be more different. Kiir's this former commander from the independence struggle, a man of few words, in his ubiquitous black cowboy hat. And Machar is a smooth-talking, British-educated guy with a green philosophy who happens to be a huge fan of Karl Rove.","Now, besides being different personalities, these guys are also different tribes. And the tribal aspect of this conflict is what's triggered the most horrific aspects of this war. That's the violence that the pre-genocide label gets attached to.","The United States has a lot at stake in South Sudan. It helped create the nation, first under President Bush and then President Obama in 2011. What's Secretary of State Kerry proposing?","Well, Secretary Kerry has been talking about this idea of a transitional government. It's kind of - if you remember, back in January they tried a ceasefire that was disrespected by both sides because it told people to stop fighting. It didn't address why they were fighting, which was to control the government."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The literal meaning of this turn is that the tribal aspect of this conflict has triggered the most horrific aspects of this war. The implied meaning is that the tribal divisions are at the root of the war and are responsible for the extreme violence.","questions":"What aspect of the conflict is responsible for the extreme violence in South Sudan?","answer":"Tribal"}
{"text":["But I have to say, every time that I think, OK, now is the time I'm going to get in, this is a great buying opportunity, as everyone tells me, every time I look at the stock market, it's gone down again, and I think, phew, it's the end of the day. Thank goodness I didn't buy in today. But then the next day, it happens again.","Yeah, I know. It's depressing. Looking at this market, the market is a reflection of worldwide psychology. So clearly, people around the world are depressed right now, and they're not optimistic about the future, which is sad.","But in the long run, the things that will make the most money are not pieces of rock like gold or liquids like oil or cash, which is just pieces of paper, but real growing companies that are servicing strong demographic trends.","It's impossible to call a bottom. Yes, all these stocks that are cheap could get cheaper, but now is certainly one of the best times to buy stocks that we've seen in the past 70 years. I mean, it's incredible, which is why Warren Buffett is out there buying stocks right now."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Although stocks may continue to decrease in value, it is currently a great time to invest in the stock market","questions":"How does the speaker feel about investing in the stock market at present?","answer":"positive"}
{"text":["Well, I was interested in medicine ever since I was a young child, but, you know, life kind of gets in the way. The neighborhood where I grew up wasn't really conducive to producing medical physicians.","Did - this is East Cleveland you're talking about, yeah?","Yeah. East Cleveland, yeah. It was a pretty impoverished neighborhood. And so just not many opportunities to go into medicine there, but I ended up in the automotive career just by happenstance.","Well, I've read that you just - you know, you loved tinkering with cars from the time you were a teenager."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Growing up in an impoverished neighborhood hindered A's path to become a medical doctor.","questions":"Which career path did PersonA end up pursuing?","answer":"Automotive"}
{"text":["Yes. It's - there's a sovereignty aspect to that long-standing confrontation. You know, both sides have been pitied against each other for a long time. The new leader, Park Geun-hye, has made it clear - has been quite explicit actually about naming human rights as an issue that would have to be dealt with in North Korea. But she's also reaching out a hand and is likely to offer opportunities for dialogue with North Korea as a way of stabilizing the inter-Korean security relationship.","Stabilizing that relationship means, of course, leaving all those millions of people in North Korea in, well, dire conditions.","Well, that's true in the sense that Park is not pursuing the alternative of total confrontation. At the same time, you know, the one thing that I think seems to be clearer up to now is that none of the countries have been willing to risk that sort of military confrontation in order to drive external change in North Korea.","Has China, the most influential outside force in North Korea, has China handled the new leader more warmly or more distantly than his father?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The stabilization of inter-Korean security relationship will not improve the dire conditions of North Koreans.","questions":"Which relationship's stabilization will not improve North Koreans' conditions?","answer":"Inter-Korean"}
{"text":["Well, it's a toolkit, and so what we think it is it's multifunctional, depending on what the particular need is for the attackers. They probably use this in multiple operations, a variety of operations, and so depending on what they need for a specific target, what they want to steal, they will only download those particular modules to the system.","So in some cases they may be wanting just documents, and so they'll just, you know, download a module that does that. If they want to be listening to meetings that are happening in a room, want to be monitoring email of who's communicating with who, then they would download, you know, those kinds of modules.","Who's the they behind this?","Well, that's the mystery. You know, if we look at where the infections are occurring, and you mentioned that it's primarily in the Middle East, there have been a scattering of infections in Hungary, Austria, Hong Kong, but they're mostly in Iran, places like Syria, Sudan as well, Lebanon, and some cases in occupied West Bank and inside Israel. But the inside Israel ones may be unique for specific reasons."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"what we think it is it's multifunctional\" - This phrase is redundant and can be simplified to \"we think it is multifunctional.\"","questions":"What is the main reason for the attackers to download specific modules?","answer":"Specific-needs"}
{"text":["I don't mind stipulating that you were more than an OK doctor.","(Laughter) Well, you know, I agree that I'm an OK doctor. And I feel very blessed to have been involved with some of the most complex surgical procedures in the history of the world.","Does that prepare you to be president of the United States?","Not in and of itself. But I think planning, utilizing a lot of resources and a lot of other people to do complex things - and even things that have never been done before - certainly helps. You know, sitting on corporate boards, learning how business works efficiently, all of these things give you a lot of skill sets. And I think it's a fallacy that only people in elected office can come up with solutions that solve our problems. I just think maybe there's a different paradigm."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker is expressing a high level of respect for the doctor's abilities.","questions":"Which stipulation does PersonB make about the doctor?","answer":"Abilities"}
{"text":["Well, I only recently arrived, so I haven't seen the whole city by any means. But when I got here, I went straight to a demonstration on the city's east side. This was one of those demonstrations that have been called by Juan Guaido for what he billed as the biggest-ever demonstration in the history of Venezuela.","There were a lot of people there - thousands, possibly in the tens of thousands. But I have seen much larger crowds turn out for Guaido before. And so this was a smaller turnout. And I think the most noticeable thing about it is that the mood has quite substantially changed. Whilst these demonstrations for the opposition leader, Guaido, were before quite very lively - there'd be a lot of chanting, a lot of singing - now there's a mood of wariness. I thought it was more subdued.","And not far away from where I was, there were violent clashes underway between the security forces and a small group of anti-government protesters in which, you know, they were exchanging. . .","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : This implies that the morale of the protesters' was weakened probably because of the low turnout.","questions":"What was the mood of the demonstrators at the recent protest?","answer":"Weakened"}
{"text":["(Laughter) Yeah, cover their ears please. So basically, the goal of \"Where's Waldo?\"is you're trying to find a guy that's always wearing the same clothes - you know, it's red and white stripes and beanie hat and everything. And I remember as a kid I'd spend hours poring over this book trying to find Waldo, you know, and, oh, my gosh, where is he?And so I finally decided, well, you know what?Now as a Ph. D.  student, I can actually analyze this and sort of find the optimal route to look through the page to find Waldo.","(Laughter) This is your revenge on Waldo, isn't it?","Exactly.","Randy Olson, a Ph. D.  candidate at Michigan State University, researching artificial intelligence. Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is not actually seeking revenge on Waldo. It is a joke, meant to be taken humorously.","questions":"How was the PersonA's revenge on Waldo intended to be taken?","answer":"jokingly"}
{"text":["So is a bagel just a bialy with a hole in the middle?","It's very different, and the origins of the bagel are somewhat mysterious. There's a lot of folklore around it and variable legends about how the bagel came to exist. But I have decided that we will never know.","Well, it's one of the great mysteries of life, think of it that way. What made the bagel leap from being just kind of New York street food, you know, or maybe Sunday brunch food, across the country?","So it was really, I think, the Lenders brothers, and Lender's bagels are what I grew up in. I grew up outside of Detroit, Michigan, and I thought they were the greatest thing ever. Like you would get six of them in a little plastic tube. And now, like when I think, the taste was awful, but they were early adopters of refrigeration technology."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is suggesting that the popularity of the bagel is a great mystery.","questions":"What is the PersonA's opinion on the origins of the bagel?","answer":"Opinion"}
{"text":["Well, you know, Lula to his supporters is an Abe Lincoln-type figure. He is the face of the working class that accomplished something. I mean, he was Brazil's first president who came from poverty. He ran for president three times and lost. And then when he finally got in, he had in some respects the good fortune of presiding over a commodities boom. And therefore, 30 million Brazilians came out of poverty and into the middle class during his presidency from 2003 to 2010. Since then, as you know, things have fallen apart. And he had a role in that, a role in the economic mismanagement but also a role in the corrupt ways of doing business in politics.","Remind us what exactly he's being accused of.","Well, Lula has five sets of corruption charges against him. And this one that he was sentenced for recently was - it involves a beachfront apartment that he was allegedly given access to with his family in return for considerations on a - what amounted to a government contract.","And it's part of, of course, a wider corruption scandal that has been uncovered that's really rocking Brazil at the moment. Tell us a little bit about the context in which this is happening."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"a wider corruption scandal that has been uncovered that's really rocking Brazil at the moment\" - the literal meaning is that there is a scandal involving corruption that is causing instability in Brazil. The actual meaning is that the corruption scandal has had a significant impact on Brazilian politics and society.","questions":"Which scandal is causing instability in Brazil?","answer":"Unspecified"}
{"text":["What goes in the clubhouse stays in the clubhouse - until the baseball manager writes a book, that is. It's Thursday, and if you haven't guessed, it's time again for a look at sports with our very own sports guru, the New York Times Sports Columnist, Mr.  Bill Rhoden. Mr.  Bill, what's up?","Hey, the great Tony Cox. How you're doing?","I'm doing great, man. Joe Torre, leaving New York as a beloved figure, but now he has written his autobiography, \"The Yankee Years. \"I know that he's been on his New York tour. People are buying the book. But, you know, some people are happy, some people not so happy.","Well, the people who are most important to be happy are happy. The publisher of course. . .","Anybody reading book, it's about selling books. And I, Tony, I sort of equate it to in football, the most important statistics for a receiver are yards after catch."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : What happens in the clubhouse is supposed to be kept secret","questions":"What is the rule for keeping secrets in the clubhouse?","answer":"Secret"}
{"text":["Basically, in the art markets. I'm not sure how many of them are exactly for sale at this point. I think there are a number of artifacts that are almost too well-known to sell or to sell to anyone, you know, like an - you know, a prominent museum. For instance, the Nimrud Ivories are unlikely to be, you know, publicly available for sale.","What are the Nimrud Ivories?","The Nimrud Ivories, it's a series of these very small beautifully carved ivories from the 9th century B. C. , from the sites of Nimrud. Probably the most famous is something called the lioness attacking, I guess, it's a young man. They were gilded or leafed with gold leaf and in many cases painted. They're just beautiful pieces.","So they're in private hands somewhere?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : They are not literally in someone\u2019s private hands.","questions":"Which statement clarifies the fact about the location of the Nimrud Ivories?","answer":"Pieces"}
{"text":["You know, the study that came out I think is scaring people in thinking that you're going to have to through like a two year master program to learn how to have black kids, if you're white parents. And it's honestly, you could probably knock it out in two hours. It's really not that difficult, there's a few things that you should know. And bringing your kids up in a diverse neighborhood is the most important of that.","And then, you know, if you have friends that are the same race of your kids, you just, you ask them for questions, and it's helpful to have them as a resource, it's something you definitely want to keep next to you when you're raising your kids.","My sister and I made my parents cooler by bringing in some color to the Stigger family. And that's the benefit of it. It is a little more work as parent, but you get so much more out of it. And it definitely helped me and my sister to have the viewpoints of two white people and still have the viewpoints of us as biracial kids.","If you were talking to someone who was, you know, say 10-years-old, what kind of advice would you give that age a person for dealing with an experience like yours?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : black kids implies children of African American people and not black colored kids ","questions":"How does the study mentioned in turn 0 relate to raising black kids?","answer":"African"}
{"text":["I watched the movie \"Concussion,\" and that kind of really gave me some insight onto what could happen if I kept on playing football and some of the injuries that could occur.","So nobody had ever spoken to you about this before - your coach, your family. It wasn't something that really was on your radar at all.","No, it really wasn't any of my concern. I wasn't really worried about it. You know, I had a head injury my junior year in football and then, you know, I kind of just shrugged it off, didn't think it was much of anything","So looking at the film with Will Smith, you thought, hey, I'm a football player. I'm, you know, in high school. And if I keep this up, something terrible could happen."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker did not receive any prior warning or education about the risks of playing football, indicating a lack of adequate information and awareness among coaches, families, and society as a whole about the dangers of sports-related injuries.","questions":"What was the PersonA's concern about playing football before watching the movie \"Concussion\"?","answer":"None"}
{"text":["Yeah. I mean, there was a lot of people pulling up, dropping off food, blankets, and that's fine. Well, below zero, the food was getting cold as soon as someone set it out there.","Yeah. Well, sounds like you've changed their lives and they've changed yours.","Absolutely. They've definitely changed mine because you don't know until you're either in it or next to it. In these past days (ph) I've been next to it. It's freezing outside. You know, some of them are disabled. We've got children here. We got pregnant women here. No. Let them stay where they're at. We'll bring it to them.","You're very impressive, Candice Payne. I'm so glad we could speak with you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to pull up somewhere means to drive to a particular place","questions":"Which verb describes driving to a particular place in the conversation?","answer":"Crowding"}
{"text":["So California Chrome is supposed to be a little slow out of the gate.","He's all right out of the gate. He's fidgety in it. He's actually a lovely horse disposition wise - loves people, is very tractable. But in the gate he gets really easier to go so he will fidget, fidget, fidget. And one very top trainer, Bob Baffert, who has won his share of Triple Crown races said if he can get out of the gate well, he will win this race.","He has got white homes. And I have read white hooves make a horse vulnerable.","Yes. Well, white hooves does tend to be softer than dark hooves. And his actually point east and west, his front feet, he does not have straight feet. You can see in the starting gate. He's like Charlie Chaplin in there."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  The turn of phrase whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning is:  (2) \"out of the gate\" - in this context, it means how well the horse starts the race from the starting gate, rather than literally coming out of a gate.","questions":"How does California Chrome behave in the starting gate?","answer":"Fidgety"}
{"text":["Say that you're 80. . .","OK.","What's Sommore going to be like?","I would probably be like Peg Bundy."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : B is asking about your age, not your grade.","questions":"How is PersonB referring to PersonA's age?","answer":"Age"}
{"text":["All right. Let's run through two of the main issues. . .","Yeah.",". . . Briefly. One is Carter Page, the former Trump campaign aide. The Democratic memo contends Page was under surveillance for many reasons which initially had nothing to do with the controversial Steele dossier.","Yeah. I mean, I think - look, I think that everyone agrees that that's sort of part of what's going on here. Carter Page had long had contacts with Russian intelligence officers, apparently unwitting to him. At one point, it appears he may have been working with the FBI to talk about those folks. And so that has now come out. And it's pretty clear. We've known this for a while, though. These are facts that we've known or at least we've heard rumors of."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The Democratic memo contends Page was under surveillance for many reasons which initially had nothing to do with the controversial Steele dossier","questions":"Which memo?","answer":"Democratic"}
{"text":["Good morning, Renee.","First, that citizenship question. In just a matter of days, it's been on, it's been off. Now the president says he wants it on again. What's going on there?","The Supreme Court said last month, you could have it but only with good justification. And the Supreme Court has ruled before that the census is supposed to count everyone and not just citizens, as it has always. Then, the president said yesterday he had four or five ways that he could get this question back on. But executive orders, which were one of the ways he mentioned, do not supersede court orders. So the president is still going to have to have something that pleases the court.","And yesterday, a federal judge in Maryland ordered further discovery in this case, meaning people from Commerce and the Justice Department are going to have to answer questions about this question, where it came from. And yesterday, in court, the lawyers for the administration admitted that, at this point, they don't know what to say.","The president has also been tweeting about another big story, the conditions at Border Patrol detention centers. Yesterday, he said many of the migrants held there were - and I'm quoting - \"living far better now than they were where they came from and in safer conditions. \"I mean, that's not what a report from the Department of Homeland Security's own Office of the Inspector General said this week. It - that report warned about dangerous overcrowding and prolonged detention without proper food or hygiene or laundry facilities - very big difference."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Pleases the court could mean \"good enough for the court\" or something like that.","questions":"Which phrase could be used to define what \"pleases the court\" means?","answer":"satisfactory"}
{"text":["Yes.",". . . Origins of the book.","So the seeds of this book really were planted within me 18 years ago. I've been carrying them and nurturing them for a very long time. In 2001, I was a young, queer immigrant woman here in the United States, and I was really urgently seeking a deeper understanding of my own country of origin, Uruguay, and how it connects to queer truths and histories.","I was going through my own personal moment where my parents were disowning me and saying that I couldn't be both gay and Uruguayan at the same time. In Uruguay, it is true that, you know, 20 years ago, queer voices were much less visible. I mean, in all of my research of the dictatorship history, the queer stories are simply not recorded."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The seeds of the book are the words of the story that she read that she remembered.","questions":"How were the seeds of the book planted?","answer":"Within"}
{"text":["I just wonder if we could close by you just telling me a few things about Jason, what you remember most fondly about him.","When I think about Jason, I think about his smile. He was a beautiful child. And the worst thing about this whole situation is I know in my heart he shouldn't be dead. It is horrible that we lose the soldiers that we have to; it's a tragedy when we lose a soldier that we shouldn't have, and Jason shouldn't be dead.","Chris Scheuerman, talking about his son Jason, who committed suicide in Iraq in 2005. In the 13 months since we first talked, Chris has continued to advocate for suicide prevention in the military. He testified on Capitol Hill and recently spoke at a Department of Defense conference on suicide prevention. We asked the Army for a comment on Jason Scheuerman's case when we first aired this story, and this is the written statement they sent.","(Reading) The loss of any member of the Army family is a tragedy, and suicide prevention is a top priority for the U. S.  Army. The 2005 death of Private First Class Jason Scheuerman was investigated thoroughly by his unit and by the U. S.  Army Criminal Investigation Command. In fact, the Associated Press's story about his 2005 death is based on the Army's comprehensive investigations. We continue to work with and assist his family. We are continuously improving and adapting our training, intervention and support programs. The Army recognizes the importance of suicide prevention and is taking many steps to decrease those risks that may contribute to suicidal behavior. Our prevention efforts do help soldiers and their families deal with the wartime challenges they face every day."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : the literal meaning is that the Army is making ongoing efforts to improve its suicide prevention programs. However, the actual meaning is that the Army is acknowledging the problem of suicide in the military and attempting to address it, but it may not have been successful in preventing all cases of suicide.","questions":"Which problem is the Army acknowledging in the military?","answer":"suicide"}
{"text":["Brazil is one of the leading producers of two very important crops: soy and corn. But lately, frozen credit has made it nearly impossible for farmers there to afford the basics that they need to grow those crops. Brian Willott farms 2,000 acres of soybeans just outside Bahia, Brazil. He joins us now by phone.","Welcome, Brian, and can you explain for us how the credit situation there in Brazil has affected you and other farmers?","Credit's a big problem right now. No farmer can survive today without credit, and since the credit crunch hit, everyone's credit has either been cut, delayed or more expensive. And it's got everyone here quite worried.","What do you use loans for?How important is it?What do you use it to buy?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The frozen credit in Brazil has made it difficult for farmers to afford the basics needed to grow soy and corn crops","questions":"What crops are the leading producers in Brazil affected by frozen credit?","answer":"Incorporating"}
{"text":["Yes, far more often. And I'm not sure we fully understand why. In this particular - the latest case, the president said he was not informed until 24 hours before Shanahan pulled out. That was just hard to believe. It's either that reflects gross incompetence on the part of his team in not telling him, or he's lying about it and\/or some combination thereof. But we don't know the answer to that.","What we do know is there has been a pattern of withdrawals from nominations that were not fully vetted, or some things popped up at the last minute. You know, both the person nominated that the president wanted to be Army secretary and the person he wanted to be Navy secretary were both knocked out by disclosures that had not come up in the early vetting.","So who's supposed to find this stuff out in the early vetting?Whose responsibility is it?","There are two institutions that are responsible, take primary lead for it - nominees who require Senate confirmation. One first and foremost is the White House working in conjunction with the Internal Revenue Service, working as well with the FBI to do a thorough financial, legal and personal conduct - and that includes domestic violence - kind of search. While that is underway - and it can take a number of weeks - the Senate itself takes up a background check. And so it's almost shocking that the senators are saying they didn't know.","Every administration has some level of dysfunction. But in a White House that is running somewhat more smoothly than this one, how would this work when it's a well-oiled machine or something close to it?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The senators should have known about the nominees' background check","questions":"What is the primary lead responsible for vetting nominees requiring Senate confirmation?","answer":"White-House"}
{"text":["Well, it's true. There was a disaster of my own making at the National Book Awards. In my capacity as emcee, when Jacqueline Woodson won the National Book Award for children's literature, which was a wonderful moment for everyone, but certainly also for me, Jackie is a friend of mine. So after her win, I told a story about her and me. And the story did not go out well and many, many people were very upset by it, and rightfully so.","Yeah. It certainly made me react a little differently when I was reading this book. One of the first signs we get that Errol, the pirate captain, has lost his ability to track is that he falls into racist jokes.","Anyone who's had someone with dementia knows that terrible things often begin to come out of their mouths, which is shocking and mysterious and, of course, very upsetting and hurtful for their families.","Yeah. I think anyone reading this book would decide - not giving anything away - maybe being a pirate isn't the good idea that I thought it was.","It was - if I can convey one message to the people of the world, it's don't try piracy."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The implication here is that the reader should not try piracy, as it may not be as glamorous as it initially seems.","questions":"What is the message that the speaker wants to convey to the people of the world?","answer":"Piracy"}
{"text":["Governor Mike Pence endorsed Ted Cruz yesterday in Indianapolis, although he also had kind words for Donald Trump. Mr.  Trump has also been endorsed by perhaps the best-known Hoosier on the planet. Forgive me Cole Porter. We mean Bobby Knight, the legendary Indiana University basketball coach. Coach Knight is celebrated for winning national championships, running an honest program and holding his players to high academic standards. He's also famous for having a titanic, chair-hurling temper. He is not known for political endorsements or being involved in campaigns.","I think that I'm like millions of Americans today that would like to see some things done that take us back to where we want to be, where we can really be proud of America, we have leadership that enables us to do that. I think I'm just one of millions of people. I'm not out there by myself. I just want to see us be the very best that we can possibly be and be thought of worldwide by the very best there is.","What did you hear Donald Trump say that convinced you you wanted to help him?","Well, Donald Trump didn't say anything that convinced me 'cause I went through people and people that were involved and least - involved themselves in the election. I made a little chart. I put together the things that he's done in life. And Donald Trump has created more jobs than all of the other candidates and politicians in the country. That's huge. That's important. That was a big thing for me to put down on my checklist."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implied meaning for turn (3): The questioner assumes that the speaker decided to support Donald Trump based on something he said, but the speaker clarifies that his decision was based on Trump's track record of job creation, as well as input from other people involved in the election.","questions":"How did the speaker decide to support Donald Trump?","answer":"Track"}
{"text":["OK.  (Laughter).",". . . But I do think they played an important role. There obviously were forces at work beyond the control of any policymaker. You know, manufacturing has spread much more evenly across the face of the globe. Prosperity has spread much more evenly across the face of the globe. And that's been a really good thing for billions - with a B - of people, and none of that should be minimized.","But I do think it is the case that economists in the United States and in other developed nations made that process much more painful for the average American, that the policies that they implemented or convinced policymakers to implement had the effect on the whole of concentrating the benefits of globalization in relatively few hands and of leaving many Americans to suffer the consequences.","Well, what do you think should happen now?I mean, economists are pretty firmly installed where they are. They do have the ears of presidents. What do you think should happen?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The policies implemented by economists had negative effects on average Americans.","questions":"Which group of people suffered due to the policies implemented by economists?","answer":"Americans"}
{"text":["So what was the content posted in The Donald that led to this action?","Well, it's hard to say, I suppose would be the answer to that, because the Reddit staff are opaque a lot of the time and what actions they take and why. The best guess we have is that a few days ago, there were several posts and comments on that subreddit that were - seemed to be calling for violent action against public officials in the U. S.  state of Oregon - this in response to the Republican walkout over House Bill 2020 in that state, the Climate Change Act, that has caused the Republican delegation to flee the state rather than vote. There were posts - calling for things like taking up arms, flooding into the state of Oregon, defending these people with violence and going after public officials with violence.","I think many people will be familiar with Reddit because they're interested in, you know, cat videos and things of that sort. But other people are aware that Reddit has come up a lot in the conversation around the spread of white supremacy and other extremist ideas. I mean, why is that?","I think that Reddit would have trouble dealing with these issues more than other social media sites would because of that focus on designing the site to center it around an idea or a group of people rather than an individual. That's a change that allows people with common interests to come together and discuss, advocate and act on those interests more easily than they might be able to in other places. And, again, on Reddit, they can also often do so anonymously."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The Reddit staff does not always disclose why they take certain actions.","questions":"How are the Reddit staff sometimes opaque?","answer":"Opaque"}
{"text":["Well, yeah. As you said, there's 150,000 British travelers, some 350,000 European and international travelers - all need to get home now. This is a huge job for the government. They're chartering planes. Right now there are planes landing, which they've had to charter. Big logistical nightmare, really expensive - cost of 100 million pounds-plus for the government here.","Wow.","So yeah, it's going to be one of those really interesting (laughter) but really complicated things to work out.","Daniel Thomas of the Financial Times. Thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : 100 million plus means that it cost more than that.","questions":"Which number indicates the cost of the government's chartering planes according to turn 0?","answer":"hundred"}
{"text":["Yeah. I do have to ask this. At the same time, don't the Clintons play rough too?There are a number of women who really do feel that they were treated badly by Bill Clinton in a personal and sometimes intimate way. And they felt that the Clintons tried to smear them.","Obviously it is disgraceful to take advantage of an intern or an employee. And he did that. And it was wildly foolish and disgusting. But I wonder, you know - there's a problem that Clinton has and it's this - these things are going to come up. They may even come up in the debates in the fall. What is she going to respond to it?It would be nice if she responded, hell yeah, that's why he spent six months on the couch.","But I don't know that that's something that she has in her. And it's certainly an incredibly sensitive area for Hillary Clinton. And it may be what constricts her in a lot of other ways as a candidate as well.","Joe Klein, he writes a column for Time and, of course, the author of \"Primary Colors. \"Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"It would be nice if she responded, hell yeah, that's why he spent six months on the couch.\" - The literal meaning would suggest that it would be favorable for Hillary Clinton to respond positively and assertively to the accusations against Bill Clinton. However, the implied meaning is that it is unlikely for Hillary Clinton to respond in such a manner due to the sensitive nature of the situation.","questions":"What is the suggested response that PersonA thinks it would be nice for Hillary Clinton to give?","answer":"Hell-yeah"}
{"text":["The body of Lucille sits in the body of Thelma. Her life circled there in the lap of her mother, who wore 12 fingers just as she wore 12, just as the baby inside of her as she sat in the body of Thelma wore 12.","Lucille there in the middle, lived her light-filled life, never losing her daughter seat, dying on the very day Miss Thelma died. All the daughters and sons, who long left the movies, all the poets black, who sought their lives only ordinary, recount their long calla lily fingers every day, wring their jewels into jewels hands, circling the unbroken light-filled two-headed body of the woman who keeps keeping us.","\"The Ordinary Body of Lucille\" by Nikky Finney, our guest. I have to ask you, jewels into jewels. That line is in italic.","Hmm. Yes. That's a line from Ms.  Clifton's poem. And it's - I just - I love it so much. It's one of - a thousand favorite phrases of hers."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Lucille lived a happy and positive life.  She was never shunned by her mother.  All of the poets were there dressed in black. They think about their lives every day and look at their hands and the rings on their fingers as they do. These poets were standing around the casket of the dead woman.","questions":"What did the poets do at the funeral?","answer":"Recounting"}
{"text":["As the biggest impact there?","From the tech sector in today's economy?","Yes.","Yeah, just job loss. It's been a major - I mean, specifically, you're looking at places that are - manufacturing is taking a hit. Companies are looking to do more with less. You are seeing just in recent news, other technology companies like HP and others are making some type of adjustments to - not only their work force but also to their strategies, in a good way though."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The tech sector has had a negative impact on the economy","questions":"Which sector has been making adjustments to their workforce and strategies?","answer":"Technology"}
{"text":["Well, many of the discussions I've had with other educators is that many times, we have to have a partner - or if we are single, that our partner's income supports our teaching habits, if you will. Certified teachers with master's degrees teaching in their district for 15 years are still making around $30,000 to $35,000 within their district. To have that amount of education and that amount of experience and be paid that wage, that's not a livable wage.","Arizona is a right-to-work state, which means unions don't have much power to negotiate there. Kentucky, West Virginia, Oklahoma are, too. These are all states with Republican legislatures. And we've seen actions by teachers recently in those states, as well. Do you wish you had a union speaking for you?Would that be an answer?","The reason why I got involved was because of the teacher-led grassroots movement. We have been supported by other organizations. Arizona Education Association, which is our union - our teacher union here in the state - have been supporting us. Do I wish that a union was representing us?I'm glad that they are supporting us.","Why do you think this is happening now in places like Kentucky and West Virginia and Oklahoma and now Arizona?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The wage paid to certified teachers with master's degrees and 15 years of experience is not sufficient to live on.","questions":"What is the issue with the wage paid to experienced certified teachers?","answer":"Wage"}
{"text":["This has been just week one of the trial. And as we noted, there's another Manafort trial ahead. And gosh knows what the fallout will be in reporting about the lobbying industry. But do you - is it possible, do you think, that the lobbying industry - is it some kind of break point, as arguably it was, let's say, a decade ago about the Jack Abramoff revelations?","It might be, particularly for foreign interests. I know that there's a lot of concern from the president on down of people everywhere trying to get at America and learn our interests and learn our secrets. And there may be some attempt to have more transparency about public lobbying for foreign interests.","I mean, the suggestion is, they'd just walk out on K Street, hire somebody, and that's how they'd do it.","Right. That's right. And I think people would say, I think we need to have a little bit more oversight. You know, we don't want individuals - American lobbyists - looking for secrets and then selling them to our foreign adversaries. It kind of reminds me in a way of, like, the 1950s. You know, we're all real nervous about what foreigners are doing, so let's pass some laws to make sure that America doesn't help our enemies."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : There is a concern that American lobbyists may sell secrets to foreign adversaries.","questions":"What is the concern regarding American lobbyists and foreign adversaries?","answer":"Concern."}
{"text":["Thank you.","This study was conducted by some FDA researchers. Can you tell us more about what they found?","They found that some of the chemical active ingredients in sunscreen - oxybenzone, avobenzone - was absorbed through the skin. But they did not make a determination about whether or not that meant health effects - health side effects from that absorption.","You were behind Consumer Reports' extensive ranking of sunscreens. So in light of this news, how should we think about our choice of sunscreen?What should we look for?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B wants more information about the FDA research findings","questions":"Which researchers conducted the study mentioned by B?","answer":"FDA"}
{"text":["Yeah, I've got a book going on, and I'm trying to work on some animation stuff. And, you know, and I don't need a crowd-funding campaign to do most of that stuff. It's just me and a couple cups of coffee at home on the computer. So I'm fairly low-budget with my needs at the moment.","Tell me a little bit about this book before we let you go. It's \"How to Tell if Your Cat is Plotting to Kill You\"?","Yeah. It's basically a collection of funny cat comics ranging from how to tell if your cat thinks it's a mountain lion. There is another one that will show ways to identify if your cat is a raging homosexual. So it's this kind of a mixed bag of weird cat. . .","News you can use, in other words."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A does not require much money to work on his book and animation","questions":"What is PersonA's low-budget approach for his book and animation?","answer":"Low-budget"}
{"text":["It has truly been a season of hurricanes. The one called Ike slammed into the Gulf Coast over the weekend. Thousands of people boarded up their homes and fled inland. Late last week, authorities began warning residents in the low-lying areas that to try to stick it out would bring certain death.","We've got Daniel Perry to give us his take on Ike. He's a regular contributor to our Bloggers' Roundtable. His blog is ThereAlready. blogspot. com. He's also a resident of Houston, Texas, which was in the path of the hurricane. But he and his family decided to stay at their home and brace themselves for Ike's impact. Daniel, thanks for coming on.","Thank you, Farai.","So how - first of all, how are you doing?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Staying in low-lying areas during hurricane will cause certain death","questions":"What warning did authorities give to residents in the low-lying areas?","answer":"Certain-death"}
{"text":["But we can also use technology to, you know, warn providers when they're entering orders, for instance. If I'm supposed to be in Mr.  James Smith and entering a complex chemotherapy order, for instance, I'd get an alert saying, are you sure?","Because there was another, you know, Mr.  James Smith on the same ward in the hospital. Are you sure you're entering orders on the right Mr.  James Smith, you know, for instance?","Anything a patient can do to protect him or herself?","With electronic health records has come in a layer of additional transparency for the health care system where patients can access more information electronically than they could ever do before."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Are there any steps that patients can take to ensure their medical records are accurate and secure","questions":"What is the topic of transparency in healthcare discussed in the dialogue?","answer":"Transparency"}
{"text":["No. We all hang about. That's exactly the same as \"Mrs. Brown. \"People will call you, amazed that - you know, you read all about actors who stay in character all day and hide in caves, and then only come when they're called for and get the family to behave as a fill-in character.","Well, I have found with the vast majority of those great British actors, that they stand, telling stories at the side of the set, and they're called for. And they say, oh, look. The light's one. We've got to go. And they go and get straight into character. It's like stepping into an old shoe. And it's lovely. It's - especially Judi Dench. You know, we used to just stand screaming well after and then say, right, lads. Get yourself together. Right, then, action, and we'd be into it again.","And there she's queenly again.","And then she's a queen, yeah, and I'm a scruff."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Actors don't have to stay in character all day","questions":"How do the great British actors get into character?","answer":"Stories"}
{"text":["What happens if you and all of your neighbors don't get your corn into the field?Like I say, as you've told me now, you've got like only about a fraction in the ground if what you normally would have at this time of year. Are we going to - forgive me for being selfish about it - are we not going to have corn this summer to go with our barbecues and everything else or what?What's going to happen?","The corn the majority of the Midwest grows goes toward feeding pigs, feeding cows, feeding a lot of different livestock, also goes toward corn oil and ethanol and various products that are on our store shelves. Long story short, we're looking at lower supply, which should increase the price if the demand stays the same.","But before we let you go, I mentioned that you're a fourth-generation farmer. And I presume that you've talked to your parents about the rain situation, the heavy rains. Have they ever seen anything like this before?","No. This is relatively unprecedented. I was talking to a neighbor here the other day about the drought in 2012. And, you know, we had a really short crop in 2012 because it got so hot and so dry. The corn crop didn't amount to anything, but at least we were able to get it in the ground. When you go out into a situation like this where we can't get the seed into the ground, it's worse than a drought for the fact that, you know, you don't even have a chance."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Although there will be lower corn supply, the demand will remain the same, resulting in an increase in corn price.","questions":"What will happen to corn price due to lower supply and unchanged demand?","answer":"Increase"}
{"text":["Forty gigabytes. OK, so you're - I mean, you're doing pretty good. I mean, the average person actually carries around 1,700 songs. I had no idea, I don't carry that many songs with me.","Yeah, I have a lot.","And this is just some - so they launched this in back in 2003. I don't know how - you know, in Internet time, you start to forget how soon these things were launched, but it's been less than about - a little over five years and over 8 - 5 billion songs. They have over 8million tracks, and I did the math on this, it's what?It's 2. 6 million songs every day that they've sold, 2. 6 since iTunes started - million.","So we have to wrap up but before we let you go, does this mean that the essential question of, is the music industry going to die, is resolved?Meaning, that people will pay for music, they're just going to pay for it online, or is that whole question of revenue for the music industry still very present?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Despite the relatively short period since its launch, iTunes has sold a lot of songs.","questions":"Which industry has seen a lot of sales despite the short period since its launch?","answer":"Musicindustry"}
{"text":["And of course we speak this week on a week in which the city of Baltimore has been undergoing a lot of restiveness, including injuries and arrests. What do you make of the fact that you've got Wednesday's ballgame played at Camden Yards, but no audience?","I think that's a shame. Much like how after 9\/11 I didn't think they should've called the ballgames off, I thought they should still have baseball being played. I think baseball helps people heal. It changes things. Look at Jackie Robinson, what that did for the civil rights movement. I can speak for my family when they came over from Poland at the turn-of-the-century. They combined with other immigrant kids and they all learned baseball because that was one thing that brought everybody together.","Gary Cieradkowski - his new book, \"The League of Outsider Baseball. \"Thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you, Scott."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  A: Thank you, Scott. Actual meaning: A is expressing gratitude to B for the conversation.","questions":"What is PersonA's name?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["It's been an exciting year for developments in space. Just earlier this week, SpaceX successfully landed a 15-story tall section of one of their rockets back on Earth. And joining me to discuss what's been going on off our planet during 2015 is NPR science correspondent Geoff Brumfiel. So explain exactly what happened that a part of the rocket returned.","In some sense, this was just another rocket launch for SpaceX. You know, they sent 11 communication satellites into orbit. What really makes this special is what happened to the big first stage of the rocket. Now, normally this would just fall back to Earth. But this time, SpaceX flipped it around and then flew it back to near the launch site and actually landed it. They fired the engines a second time and it sort of floated down onto the pad. It was pretty spectacular to watch.","The space pad looks big when you're looking at it on the Earth. But from space, it must be a tiny dot.","Yeah, I mean SpaceX describes it as trying to shoot a pencil over the Empire State Building, have it turn around and land in a shoebox vertically. That's how hard this is."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The successful landing of the rocket's first stage is a major achievement for SpaceX and represents a significant advancement in reusable rocket technology.","questions":"What is the name of the company that successfully landed a 15-story tall section of one of their rockets back on Earth?","answer":"SpaceX"}
{"text":["So I've started shifting to doing a lot more interviews, which I love, and just stories about the major cases that are happening at the Supreme Court right now or that they're going to hear. And that's kind of what the other kids who've joined the blog have been doing as well. And I'm so psyched to have them on. I have five other teenagers who are all just so smart and passionate about the Court. It's been very cool to make friends who are my age who have the same kind of fanaticism that I do.","Why should young people be interested in the Supreme Court?I mean, what's your pitch to them?","High schoolers should care because the Supreme Court is enormously influential in our society. It makes decisions that affect where we can live, what rights we have when we're arrested, who we can marry, how much power a president has and so many other things, I couldn't list them on here. It really matters, so I think that high schoolers should get in the habit of paying attention, just as they might keep up with President Trump's tweets or a contentious Senate debate because it'll serve them well to be civically engaged and to know their rights.","And when you tell that to them, do they listen?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The person is happy, engaged, and hopeful by having teenagers on the blog.","questions":"What is the emotion of the person regarding having teenagers on the blog?","answer":"Treasury"}
{"text":["He gave him something called Ward's White Drops which didn't do anything. The poor bishop died a few months later, and Dr.  Hunter was the one who performed the autopsy. And he collected the bishop's rectum for whatever reasons and he preserved them in formaldehyde. And when he started his museum, it became one of the main things on exhibit and it's still there.","Hmm. For - yeah, for all of us to take a look at.","Mm-hmm.","What made this an outstanding candidate?Just the story like that, for your. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The bishop is rectum became a museum exhibit.","questions":"How did Dr. Hunter preserve the bishop's rectum?","answer":"Formaldehyde"}
{"text":["What happens if you and all of your neighbors don't get your corn into the field?Like I say, as you've told me now, you've got like only about a fraction in the ground if what you normally would have at this time of year. Are we going to - forgive me for being selfish about it - are we not going to have corn this summer to go with our barbecues and everything else or what?What's going to happen?","The corn the majority of the Midwest grows goes toward feeding pigs, feeding cows, feeding a lot of different livestock, also goes toward corn oil and ethanol and various products that are on our store shelves. Long story short, we're looking at lower supply, which should increase the price if the demand stays the same.","But before we let you go, I mentioned that you're a fourth-generation farmer. And I presume that you've talked to your parents about the rain situation, the heavy rains. Have they ever seen anything like this before?","No. This is relatively unprecedented. I was talking to a neighbor here the other day about the drought in 2012. And, you know, we had a really short crop in 2012 because it got so hot and so dry. The corn crop didn't amount to anything, but at least we were able to get it in the ground. When you go out into a situation like this where we can't get the seed into the ground, it's worse than a drought for the fact that, you know, you don't even have a chance."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Although there will be lower corn supply, the demand will remain the same, resulting in an increase in corn price.","questions":"How will the lower corn supply affect the price?","answer":"Increase"}
{"text":["What is - let's start with this. What is your personal collection to the work and the images in this book?","Well, to me this was a labor of love. I've been living in the U. S. I came back to England. It's my homeland. I came back to London, my home city, and I felt that the culture of the young black people in particular here were suffering from a kind of deficit, historically speaking.","There were younger people in my neighborhood who were bereft of history, who took their idea of themselves from watching their kind of generic hip-hop video material that they got from the video screen rather than really inquiring into the particular history and experience of our communities in this country.","As I looked at the book, I was trying to find a theme, and I don't know if I found one or not. What was, in your view, the major trends or themes that you saw unfolding over the century that are depicted in these photographs?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : None of the words in turn (1) have a different meaning from their literal meanings.","questions":"How did PersonA describe the deficit in the culture of young black people in particular in London?","answer":"Deficit"}
{"text":["How do we explain what happened here?","Well, this all started about 8 o'clock Pacific Time last night when this man, who, as you said, was believed to be an airline employee, stole a Horizon Airlines Q400 turboprop plane. This is a small, 80-passenger aircraft used for regional hops. He managed to take off from Sea-Tac Airport - a major airport. And he stayed airborne for about the next 60 to 90 minutes. During this time, North American Aerospace Defense Command, also known as NORAD, launched those two F-15 fighter jets from Portland, Ore. , to intercept the plane. As you heard, the man was in contact with air traffic control. They were trying to get him to land. And then just after 9 o'clock local time, the plane crashed on that small island, caught fire. NORAD says the F-15s did not fire upon the aircraft. And the man is presumed dead.","What do we know about him?","Not much. Alaska Airlines, the parent airline to Horizon Air, put out a statement saying it believes this man was a ground service agent employed by Horizon. They say that he took the plane from a maintenance position, which means that this was not a plane scheduled last night for passenger service. We don't know what motivated him to take the plane and do this. But during those communications with air traffic control, he did describe himself - and I'm quoting here - as \"a broken guy with a few screws loose. \"Those are his words."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The man who stole the plane had mental health issues.","questions":"How did the man describe himself during the communication with air traffic control?","answer":"broken"}
{"text":["Little Africa was rough. It scared me to death. It produced a sense of claustrophobia. My luck was that I had parents who were college educated. They were community oriented. And for my brothers and I, it was never a question of whether we were going to get out, whether in fact we were going to go to college, but when we were going to get out and where we were going to college. So, I was blessed to have those parents.","Well, professor, when you think about some of the fundamental distinctions that you're making in this book is really the question whether or not black intellectuals have an obligation to majority black communities, particularly ones that are dealing with issues of poverty.","What's you're litmus test for who you consider to be people who were acting on behalf of the broader community?","I think the litmus test is what they say in their own words and to whom they say it, and the way they portray or characterize the black majority. Finally, I guess it would be a great divide. Do they plump down with a very serious and a structural analysis of why some people live in an objection in the United States and elsewhere, or do they opt for a behavioral explanation saying that they're just apathetic and they tend toward bad behavior. And if they would just change their behavior, things would be better for them. So, that's sort of in a nutshell."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Do they opt for a behavioral explanation saying that they're just apathetic and they tend toward bad behavior. And if they would just change their behavior, things would be better for them.\" - The literal meaning is that some people believe that the behavior of certain individuals in the black community is the cause of their problems, and if they changed their behavior, things would improve. The actual meaning is that this is a simplistic and flawed explanation for the complex issues facing the black community, and ignores the structural and systemic factors that contribute to their problems.","questions":"Which explanation is considered simplistic and flawed?","answer":"Behavioral"}
{"text":["Super Saver and Calvin Borel one full length from Derby here. Noble's Promise runs in second. Patty O'Connell is now third. Make Music for Me, Big Mountain, (Unintelligible) on the outside and they're coming down to the finish. And it is Super Saver.","Wow. Now it occurred to me, when we were during some preparation on you - like a baseball announcer, all he or she has to do is go, when there's a home run - Yoho.","(Laughter).","But you have to rattle off eight or nine names that might have been unfamiliar to you - just a couple of - I mean, how you do it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) is a sign of amusement, indicating the speaker was laughing at the metaphor.","questions":"What was the PersonA's response to the metaphor mentioned in turn 1?","answer":"Laughing"}
{"text":["DR.  GABRIEL FITZPATRICK: Well, all I can say is we too in this area are having some positive news stories from patients who have recovered from of Ebola, but this is not due to any experimental medical treatment which is available. When a patient is admitted here with Ebola, they're given various forms of supportive medical treatment such as anti-malaria treatments or spectrum antibiotics, which can treat chest infections, urinary tract infections. And they're also provided IV hydration if that's required. And these have some effects on reducing the mortality rates associated with Ebola, but there are - I have to say - not a treatment for Ebola.","Seven out of 10 patients that you admit for treatment with Ebola die. It must be going through your mind what have they done there at Emory in Atlanta that we might be able to use here because they seemingly saved two lives there.","In the situation I am working here at the moment, we have no experience with any experimental drugs. And I am not in a position to comment on that because we are here at the invitation of Sierra Leone. And we cannot do things that break the law, only with possibly faced expulsion. So everything we have done is in conjunction with the government of Sierra Leone. And we will continue to do that. But obviously MSF welcomes any new novel treatments. They should be made available as quickly as possible to patients if they're found to be of adequate value.","Dr.  Fitzpatrick, I am told you have a family back in Dublin?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Is Dr. Fitzpatrick worried about his family in Dublin due to the risks of his work in Sierra Leone?","questions":"How is Dr. Fitzpatrick's family in Dublin related to the conversation about Ebola treatment?","answer":"Family"}
{"text":["And what do you say?","Well, very simply - is that these are people who are dying. It's not that they have a choice of not dying. They're - they have to be terminal in order to even be speaking to the doctor about getting an end-of-life medication, and in that case, it's something that we actually need to be more comfortable with dying. The most significant part of this law is that it opens up a conversation.","When a patient says, you know, Doc, I'd really like to have a medication to end my life now, the first question should be why. And that should open up not a conversation about how to get the medication or what the medication is but, what are you needing as you're dying?What's bothering you, or what are your worries, more than anything else?And what can we do to alleviate those things that make you so frightened of death?How do we alleviate it without giving you this medication?","And what we've found in the other states that are already doing this - already in Washington, Vermont and Montana - is that once you open that conversation, most of the time, and in fact the vast majority of the time, the patients don't need the medication. They just need the conversation."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) Implied meaning: When a doctor talks with a patient about end-of-life medication, the doctor should ask why and focus on addressing the patient's fear of death and alleviating their worries, rather than just prescribing the medication.","questions":"What is the primary concern that a doctor should address when a patient requests end-of-life medication?","answer":"Fear"}
{"text":["The MIT Media Lab has been under fire for the past several weeks for its financial links to deceased sex offender Jeffrey Epstein. The lab's director, Joi Ito, initially said he had accepted $525,000 and more for his own private tech investment funds from Epstein, and he apologized. Now The New Yorker has detailed the lengths to which the MIT lab went to conceal its acceptance of millions of dollars more in gifts arranged by Epstein. Today, Ito formally resigned, writing, quote, \"after giving the matter a great deal of thought over the past several days and weeks, I think that it is best that I resign as director of the media lab and as a professor and employee of the institute, effective immediately\" - unquote. Joining us to talk about this is NPR media correspondent David Folkenflik from New York.","David, welcome back. Thanks for joining us.","My pleasure.","Could you just walk us through the scale of this?How far did MIT go to conceal their ties with Jeffrey Epstein?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : MIT concealed their financial ties with Jeffrey Epstein.","questions":"How did MIT conceal their ties with Jeffrey Epstein?","answer":"Conceal"}
{"text":[". . . Hitler, basically.","Absolutely. Yes, yes. But they were given - at one point, they were given little medals - the sort of civilian Iron Cross, which they would wear beneath their lapel. And they wore it to conceal beneath their lapel so that when the Germans invaded, they could just turn the lapel and quietly show the invading German army that they were actually sympathizers.","But there was a great, though, deal of ugliness revealed. I mean, what's really nice in the book - these transcriptions that Juliet does - they're printed in 1940s typeface. You can see them as you might have really read them. And though the conversations are sometimes quite boring and sometimes illuminates what they're trying to do - but they're shot through with this virulent hatred of Jews.","It's side by side with this really kind of tedium of their conversations. And then you suddenly - you're almost lulled into not hearing what they're saying. And then you suddenly realize that this hatred is simmering away beneath in their breasts. And they're not - they really could be your neighbor. And I think that's a frightening thing."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : I do not think that the ugliness mentioned is meant to be literal but metaphorical. ","questions":"What typeface were the transcriptions printed in?","answer":"1940s"}
{"text":["Thank you for having me on.","I think a lot of people don't want to hear anything you have to say until I've asked you this question. Are you being used by Vladimir Putin?","(Laughter) No, I don't think so. When people look at this, you know, particularly with Russia in the news as much as it is, there's always this cloud of suspicion that's leveled against anybody who can be, in the most stretched way, associated with Russia. It wasn't my choice to be in Russia.","Most stretched way - you're living there in Moscow. You have been for six years."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : They mean that this is not a small way of being associated with Russia.","questions":"What was the duration of PersonA's stay in Moscow?","answer":"Six"}
{"text":["The question that has the most votes so far is this one - why do cockroaches flip over on their backsides when they die?I sprayed Raid into a hole in my wall the other day, and by the next morning, I found six cockroaches laid out on my floor, all flipped over and all very dead.","Good question.","I think that's a good question. That will be a fairly straightforward one to research, I think.","So, Daniel, people are casting their votes now. When are you going to tally them up, and then when are you going to answer that unanswered question?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : casting votes means to vote on something or someone","questions":"Which word in the dialogue means the process of counting votes?","answer":"Tally"}
{"text":["They know - they see the world as a number of systems. You know, a matrix is a system stuck together, and they know we're vulnerable at a lot of different points. And that's the reason we're seeing more and more groups using these kinds of methods.","They're formidable. I mean, nobody should think of this as a terribly unequal struggle between, you know, the international community and the terrorist. They're a formidable opponent, and we need to act across a broad spectrum to stop them.","So what can be done about this opponent?","We recommend - we have a lot of recommendations. We think they're very practical. It can be done. Some of them are internal in the government themselves. There are internal changes Congress needs to make so that it can be more effective in this, and other commissions have recommended them. Now, let's do it. Let's get it done."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The opponent is a strong and worthy adversary.","questions":"What kind of opponent is being discussed in the dialogue?","answer":"Adversary"}
{"text":["Thank you for having me with you.","So, let's start with what exactly they are.","Okay. Fibroids are non-cancerous tumors. They're growth of muscle within the uterine wall. And sometimes they can be the size of a dime, and because of their location, they give you severe symptoms. And rarely, they can get to be the size of a basketball before they're recognized.","That's sounds pretty horrific.","It can be. It's amazing how much difficulty they can give to women that, in general, women can have severe menstrual bleeding - the kind of bleeding that keeps you home from work or keeps you from being able to do your daily activities - or they can press on a lot body structures. And they are very common, and it's surprising that so few women know that they have fibroids and that their symptoms may be related to them.","Now, research shows that about 25 percent of women in America are going to show some symptoms of fibroids, but they occur a lot more often in black women than white women. How much more often and why do scientists think that is?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : So, let's start with what exactly they are. Implicated meaning: Initiating a conversation or discussion on a specific topic.","questions":"How does PersonB initiate the conversation?","answer":"Start"}
{"text":["So explain to me how this system actually works.","Well, the first thing is to know what the weather is so you can know what the weather will be. That's the crux of it. So you need as complete observations of the global atmosphere as possible, which means coming from satellites and weather buoys and from sensors and airliners. And then once you know what it is, what you can do is then begin to run it forward in time.","But rather than just, you know, sort of being plugged into the supercomputers - you know, in comes the present, and out comes the future - the models are really a kind of ongoing concern. Every six hours, every 12 hours, they compare their own forecast with the latest observations. And so the models in reality are kind of - you know, they're sort of dancing together, where the model makes a forecast, and it's corrected slightly by the observations that are coming in.","And does anyone own these models and these satellites?I mean, is it part of a global web?Or does America have a certain piece of this and every country sort of have their own proprietary information that somehow gets passed along?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It does not run but the data is joined with different days of the week, month, and year.","questions":"Which days?","answer":"Week"}
{"text":["After Kristen's story dropped, there was some conversation in circles for about a week. And then immediately, institutions started deflecting responsibility. People immediately responded with some codes of conduct or some immediate action. But no one really wanted to take a look, listen, understand the extent of this problem.","You are continuing your reporting on this. What has been the reaction from female photographers that you have spoken to?","It's really difficult. I was just at a photo conference a few weeks ago. Two women shared their stories of being raped in the field. I don't think we know the extent of how bad it is. Many women in private rooms are starting to speak about what they've experienced. But they're extremely scared to go on the record because they don't want to be seen as difficult to work with. They want to continue photographing. They want to continue doing the work. There's very few people that can hold our own industry accountable. And that's why I wanted to take Kristen's reporting further and really look at, why can't photojournalism really take a hard look at itself and say, you know what?- we might not have been treating each other fairly, and there might be some consequences for our audience because of that?","In your piece, you write that there are these bigger implications here because, as you say, photography informs how we see the world, literally. And when you have the number of women photojournalists behind the camera getting smaller, what does that mean in your view for how the world is then represented?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The story was told to people and many became aware of it.","questions":"What was the response to Kristen's story?","answer":"Awareness"}
{"text":["That's a wonderful section that helps us understand how their worlds were shaken up. They were safe, but on the other hand. . .","Well, on the other hand, they were sent all over the country to households who often weren't expecting them and the children themselves didn't know where they were going. They didn't know which town they were going to, who they would be staying with, whether they would be staying with friends or even their siblings. It was extraordinary.","And there were a lot of schemers. There were families who would take them in just because it increased their food coupons.","There were, indeed. And in fact, quite a lot of the research for my book - well, it certainly started with a newspaper called The St.  Albans Advertiser - and I kept on stumbling across scams. I've got one here, actually. This is directly from the newspaper. She has shown considerable ingenuity by her forgeries. Giving a false address and using the names of children that do not exist made the matter very difficult to detect. This was somebody called Doris Evelyn Hart (ph) who was claiming a billeting allowance for six children who weren't staying with her. And this was very common because you got, actually, a decent weekly wage for taking in an evacuated child."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : B: \"There were a lot of schemers\" - The literal meaning of \"schemer\" is someone who makes secret plans to do something harmful or illegal. In this context, it refers to families who took in evacuated children for financial gain, which is not necessarily illegal but is morally questionable.","questions":"What term did PersonB use to describe families who took in evacuated children for financial gain?","answer":"Schemers"}
{"text":["Good to be here, Neal.","Weren't we supposed to get this thing right after 9\/11, particularly the interagency communication part?","We were sure supposed to. Somewhere along the line things, sort of, broke down and it's obviously disturbing that we haven't come as far as we thought in that time.","As you looked at what happened before the attack in Benghazi, what do you think are the important lessons to be taken away there?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Interagency communication is not improved to be better than before 9\/11.","questions":"Which part of the response from \"A\" relates to the lack of improvement in interagency communication since 9\/11?","answer":"Somewhere"}
{"text":["What about William Thompson, Jr. ?Originally of Brooklyn, now of Manhattan. He actually won the Democratic nomination four years ago and ran an unexpectedly close race.","Oh, absolutely. And interestingly enough, he's been part of the New York political establishment for a very long time. You hear people refer to him as Billy, because he's William Thompson, Jr.  His father was prominent in politics, generally well-liked in very much a known quantity.","Bill de Blasio of Brooklyn, the public advocate.","An interesting man - I guess you could still call him a young man. I was about to call him a young man. I've known him since we were both running around in sneakers. But he was an aide to David Dinkins. He was the campaign manager for Hillary Clinton when she ran for Senate here in New York and served a couple of terms in the New York City Council. So, he's been in and around this stuff for decades and now he thinks it's his time to go for the big chair."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Turn not provided. Please provide a turn for me to analyze.","questions":"What position did Bill de Blasio hold in Brooklyn?","answer":"Public"}
{"text":["The tragedy in Burma is it's just hard for us to comprehend. It is true that the current projections are that the numbers will rise significantly. I've heard numbers as high as 50,000 people being killed. So it's something that just automatically pulls at the heartstrings.","And you know, Farai, scientists have discovered that human beings are actually wired to be altruistic, so it's a part of our DNA. It's natural for us to want to give. We see a crisis, we want to give. And so I think it's really important to acknowledge that, and to really encourage people to give. It can. The giving, overwhelming giving for a major public emergency like this can have a negative impact on other parts of the world. We've seen it in the past.","For example, when the tsunami hit Asia, several years ago, where a quarter of a million people lost their lives, you saw relief and development organizations flooded with donations. OxFam UK, at a certain point, actually had to refuse donations because they no longer had the capacity to actually program funds. So what I would actually advocate for those that are really interested in making contributions, is to give responsibly. To really look at those organizations that you are interested in making a contribution to, and making your donation in flexible kinds of ways. . .","So, for general support as opposed to necessarily for one thing."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The situation in Burma is heartbreaking and difficult to comprehend due to the high death toll.","questions":"Which country is the tragedy in?","answer":"Burma"}
{"text":["So Beijing has basically made an offer to the people of Hong Kong that if they're willing to give up on dreams of greater democracy, they can be part of China's amazing economic rise, and they have offered them more integration with the kind of boom cities on the other side of the border in the mainland. The problem is that again and again and very dramatically over this extradition bill, the people of Hong Kong have said, no. They do not want that trade off. They actually are willing to protest and fight hard to maintain those freedoms that they still have.","So it's not even as though these protesters in Hong Kong are fighting for additional freedom. They're just saying we want to keep things the way they are. We don't want to see an erosion of the freedoms we do have.","That's right. I think it's important to be realistic. I mean, this has been an absolutely extraordinary - at times, very moving - protest by over a million people - overwhelmingly peaceful, very civic-minded, lots of different generations coming together. That's a fantastic thing and utterly unthinkable where I'm sitting in Beijing on the mainland - could never happen. But they are not about to get more democracy. They're not even about to get more freedoms. This is a defensive set of protests to keep what they have.","Interesting that you point out this would be very, very unlikely to happen in China. It makes me wonder, do the protests in Hong Kong pose any threat to China's leadership, to President Xi Jinping, to the Chinese Communist Party?Are they worried about this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The people of Hong Kong are not willing to trade their freedom for economic growth offered by China's government.","questions":"How do the people of Hong Kong feel about trading their freedom for economic growth?","answer":"not"}
{"text":["Exactly. And the nice thing with the study was that we got to find out what was characteristic of healthy sinus cavities. And what we saw was that there was this enrichment for lactic acid bacteria and many other bacteria. But they're the ones that stood out to us because they were most depleted in the disease stage. And so we moved the. . .","Is this the bacteria that you find in yogurt and things like that?","Yeah, yeah. It's a relative. It's one of them. There are many, many lactobacillus species. But the one that we focus on is one - actually, we focused on the one that's used in making sake. (Unintelligible).","Making sake?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Lactic acid bacteria can be found in yogurt.","questions":"Which type of bacteria did the study find to be most depleted in the disease stage?","answer":"Lactic"}
{"text":["One has to wonder why this had not surfaced before and wondered, too, if it might be connected to those controversial remarks that Sarah just referred to that he made last week with regard to abortion. That may have caused this to come to the surface in a way that in his political career heretofore - he was just elected governor in 2017 - it never did.","Ron, they're going to be 22 people at any one time on the field in the Super Bowl tomorrow. There might be more Democrats running for president than people in the Super Bowl tomorrow. In fact, you're going to announce an exploratory committee, aren't you?","(Laughter) I'm just going to go on a listening tour, Scott.","All right.","You know, Cory Booker is the latest Democrat to get in, but most of the conversation this last week was about Howard Schultz, who calls himself a longtime Democrat - lifelong Democrat - but who is talking about running as an independent."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to surface in this context means that something has been kept secret but isn't anymore","questions":"Which word describes what it means for something to \"surface\" in turn 0?","answer":"Secret"}
{"text":["Well, it's my pleasure, Scott. Thank you.","Can you recreate for us in a sense, like our town does, a summer day at that house you loved?","Basically, people woke up as early as they could, as close to dawn. Everyone was kind of on their own once the kids got older and could take care of themselves to fix something for breakfast and start the day however they wanted as long as they were busy.","There was no television, barely a radio. And it would be tuned into very infrequently, generally when the Red Sox were playing. And all you got were scratchy sounds anyway. People were left to just, I guess, invite the outdoors into their hearts and their souls."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Literal meaning: A is thanking Scott for something. Actual meaning: The actual meaning is the same as the literal meaning.","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue involves a discussion about morning routines?","answer":"2"}
{"text":["Like what?","Well, one of the first that we did was a tomb that the University of Pennsylvania museum excavated in central Turkey, which is believed to be either the tomb of Midas or his father, Gordias, west of Ankara. And it was done by the museum back in 1957 and had one of the largest Iron Age drinking sets in it that the excavators had the foresight to bring the residues in the drinking set back here to Philadelphia.","And it was one of the easiest excavations I was ever on. I just had to walk up two flights of stairs, gather up the residues, and then we started doing our analysis.","So you take the dregs, so to speak, out of the amphora - the jugs, and you bring it back to the lab, and. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : You take the unimportant things out of something beautiful and bring them to the lab.","questions":"What do they take out of the amphora?","answer":"Residues"}
{"text":["There's a moment in class I want to ask you about there. They're discussing \"Madame Bovary. \"And Fatima and Meagan (ph), another young woman in the class, have a telling difference of opinion.","Yeah. I came to that when I was thinking about what it meant to outlaw the hijab in France and what it means to claim yourself as a woman in a world that is supposed to be becoming more pluralistic but is actually becoming more tribal. And it should be an acceptance. And I think when a Middle Eastern woman would like to claim her authority and her strength and her centeredness while being covered, the West, in general, will give her argument about that.","And in \"Madame Bovary\" there is a - you know, Flaubert is trying to make this statement about female vanity and a sense of class sort of raising yourself up and having your womanhood be your bootstraps. And in this case, Meagen is arguing that that's the way it should be. And America offers you this, and it's an illuminated culture because of that. And Fatima says, no, I think that it actually weakens and debases the woman to have to expose herself or use her beauty to attain wealth or stature.","Rez goes on the Internet. What's he searching for?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : And in \"Madame Bovary\" there is a - you know, Flaubert is trying to make this statement about female vanity and a sense of class sort of raising yourself up and having your womanhood be your bootstraps. And in this case, Meagen is arguing that that's the way it should be. And America offers you this, and it's an illuminated culture because of that. And Fatima says, no, I think that it actually weakens and debases the woman to have to expose herself or use her beauty to attain wealth or stature.  In both of these turns, the speakers are discussing deeper societal and cultural implications rather than just the literal actions or events being described. They explore the meaning and significance of outlawing the hijab in France and the contrasting views on female vanity and societal expectations portrayed in the novel \"Madame Bovary.\" The actual meanings conveyed go beyond surface-level descriptions and delve into broader social, cultural, and philosophical discussions.","questions":"Which novel is being discussed in the turn?","answer":"Madame-Bovary"}
{"text":["The best story.","Just another story.","Really quickly, the New York Jets have announced their new head coach, Bill, and I know that that is a subject of your next wonderful column. Give us a sneak preview.","Well, yeah. Buddy Ryan's son, Rex Ryan, had his first conference yesterday, and you know, he was so enthusiastic I was ready to snap on the pass."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A isn't really ready to snap on the pass. That just means that the coach's enthusiasm was infectious, and 'A' felt like he was ready to play football for him.","questions":"How did PersonA react to the coach's enthusiasm?","answer":"Enthusiastic"}
{"text":["Whatever the achievements of American technology at every level, is there a central bank game gap between the U. S.  and other nations?","The Federal Reserve in the U. S.  has a few games. They're pretty simple, I would say. They're effective in a way but they are not, I think, as modern. And they do a job but perhaps something that wouldn't entice the future central bankers of tomorrow.","Do you learn something from these games?","I do. I learn a little bit. There's another game that the ECB created called \"Top Floor,\" where you are charged with traveling up a series of elevators to the top floor of the ECB building. I did learn a lot about the interactions between national central banks and the ECB, for what it's worth, in playing this game. So, I suppose that's a job done. Would I rather play \"Angry Birds\"?Yes, of course. But I would probably not learn as much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) A: The Federal Reserve in the U.S. has a few games. They're pretty simple, I would say. They're effective in a way but they are not, I think, as modern. And they do a job but perhaps something that wouldn't entice the future central bankers of tomorrow.","questions":"What do the games at the Federal Reserve lack?","answer":"Modern"}
{"text":["It's been extremely stressful, from anxiety to depression to panic, fear, anger. It's been a full palette of emotions. And I've paid my bills through the month of January. I applied for unemployment. I applied for many, many jobs, everything under the sun, from biotech lab work to retail to a fishing boat. I applied for at least 25 jobs.","The effect was building up on you, I guess.","Right, and just scrambling, panicking. What am I going to do?How am I going to pay my rent February 1?","Yeah, sounds like you enjoy your work."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : full palette of emotions means that there were many different emotions being felt","questions":"Which phrase describes the range of emotions felt by A?","answer":"palette"}
{"text":["And they don't take into account what other areas of knowledge are developing. I think perhaps a solution that could be sought, one of many, is that the humanities consider colonizing the sciences. And what do I mean by that?I mean that humanity lives in a minute intersection of sensibilities, that is sense, the powers of sense; of cognitive patterns, the way we think.","We're very, very specialized, and we live in only a small segment of the whole universe of possibilities. I'm not talking about expanding into science fiction. I'm just talking about gaining a perspective that could somehow be - or validated by what we're learning from science at an exponentially increasing rate and making some better use of it in the creative and interpretive processes of the humanities.","That's a long speech, but you asked a difficult question.","Well, I'm actually - you brought up something in my mind. I'm thinking you brought up what C. P. Snow's \"Two Cultures\" argument was, you know, that they don't talk to each other, you know?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : None , I do not believe there is any here","questions":"What is the proposed solution for the humanities to consider colonizing the sciences?","answer":"Gaining"}
{"text":["She says, look, we've got to do something some investment on sort of global warming issues, energy, independence issues. Let's use the recession to start creating a green economy.","Now, when you look at someone who is no longer in the race, John Edwards, he was often portrayed by supporters and portrayed himself as someone who was going to make ending poverty the center of his campaign. How would his approach have differed from both Senators Obama and Clinton?","Well, actually it turns out at the end of the day, the Edwards approach is fairly similar to sort of a combination of the Clinton and Obama proposals, and that's not surprising. Because John Edwards was the person who came out with a plan first - I thought it was the best plan - and the other candidates fit in in a lot of issues, actually copied John Edwards. In fact, John Edwards was - has truly been a forcing figure during this election, compelling Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton, both, to be more progressive than they might otherwise have been.","Well, let's talk a little bit about political philosophy. We've talked a bit about trickle-down economics, but then there's also the model of the government getting directly involved. Certainly ending the great depression by creating jobs itself - everything from jobs for writers and artists to road building, infrastructure. That does not seem to be a model that's been followed, certainly not to that extent - in decades. Is that even on the table, the whole prospect of the government actually stepping in and doing job creation itself?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Certainly ending the great depression by creating jobs itself - everything from jobs for writers and artists to road building, infrastructure.\" - The literal meaning is that the government could create jobs for a range of professions and industries, including writers, artists, and infrastructure. The actual meaning is that the government could play a direct role in job creation to address economic issues, rather than relying on trickle-down economics.","questions":"How did the government create jobs during the great depression?","answer":"Direct"}
{"text":["But the important part for the corals is that these things are wonderful eating machines. They move slowly across the reef. They actually invert their stomach onto the corals and dissolve the coral tissue, you know, digesting it as they go. And they leave (technical difficulties) white behind them as they move forward.","So they're like little bulldozers.","Yeah, it's sort of like bulldozers. It's almost more like having a wave of people with flamethrowers going through the brush. You know, the coral physically is left behind, but it's all dead.","Do they have any natural enemies that might, you know, come out and eat them?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Bulldozer implies being tireless and can consume or finish anything set out ","questions":"How can you describe the behavior of the \"eating machines\"?","answer":"bulldozers"}
{"text":["And I think my - like, I never liked the term African-American. I think it's a horrible term because it all-encompassing. It's just African-American, you know?What African?African where?African - you can't just say that, you know?When you look at white Americans, it's very specific. You go, oh, he's Italian-American. Yeah, I'm an Italian-American. And you've got, you know, you've got your Jewish Americans, and you've got your Irish Americans. Everyone's proud of their culture. The African-American, it's just - it's, you know?African where?","Well, for so long nobody really knew where they were from.","But exactly. But I think that the first step to - I guess to finding peace, I find, is knowing where you are from. You know, where you are from determines a lot of who you are. And so for me, you know, Ghanaian American, Nigerian, you'll discover so much in your culture when you know just a little bit about where you're from.","Do you find it interesting that we have a president who is literally African-American?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"Well, for so long nobody really knew where they were from.\" - The literal meaning of this turn is a response to the previous statement, but the actual meaning is an acknowledgment of the historical difficulties African Americans have faced in tracing their ancestry due to the legacy of slavery and displacement.","questions":"Which term does the speaker find horrible and all-encompassing?","answer":"African-American"}
{"text":["Those same streaks are in Europe. We're seeing people who are rebelling against the European Union, the open market, the open borders, who are rebelling against migration and refugees and who have lost out or feel that they have lost out on globalization and trade and are now opposing trade. So the same phenomenon we see here in the United States you also see in Europe. And in that sense, we are having a crisis that really affects Western liberal democracies writ large.","I wonder what you'd say, Mr. Ambassador, to a citizen of Belgium or France who might say now a united Europe is just too bureaucratic and too centralized to protect its population.","Well, I think that is a sentiment you are hearing increasingly in places like Belgium and France that - the problem is that the threat is not just from without but it is also from within. Belgian citizens, people born in Belgium, blew up the metro station and airport, where French citizens born in France who blew up the concert hall and stadium in - last November.","That threat needs to be dealt with not only by the countries themselves but can more effectively be dealt with by the Europeans coming together, sharing intelligence, which is not what they're doing right now, protecting their external borders much better than they have been able to do, rather than each individually trying to deal with this challenge."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"sharing intelligence\" and \"protecting their external borders\" - These are non-literal uses of \"sharing\" and \"protecting\" meaning \"cooperating and exchanging information\" and \"strengthening border security,\" respectively, not literal physical actions.","questions":"How are \"sharing intelligence\" and \"protecting external borders\" being used in turn 3?","answer":"Figuratively"}
{"text":["Once the canvassing board signs off on the recount and stamps it as completed, the loser will have up to seven days - calendar days, not business days - to file a legal contest to the recount. And it's very likely that that's going to be happening and accordingly, that we will not have a certified winner for some time in Minnesota.","Well, if you stick to that calendar and start filling in little blanks for January, do you actually go over into February when you're trying to figure out the schedule?","Well, I think that's anybody's guess right now. It just depends on what type of litigation is filed, if anything does come, and how long it takes to work it out.","Of course, Norm Coleman could say, could he not, well, OK. I'm a good sport. There it is."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There will be a delay in determining the certified winner due to possible legal challenges.","questions":"How long will it take to determine the certified winner?","answer":"Some"}
{"text":["Perhaps Thursday night. And he had also mentioned that there - Democrats were, quote, \"trying to steal the election\" and had sort of mentioned fraud and referred the matter onto the state's version of the FBI called the Florida Department of Law Enforcement, known as the FDLE. Well, FDLE, the next day, said, hey, there's no allegation of fraud, that it - they don't even have a complaint.","So far, all of these folks are saying, on the Republican side, hey, there's fraud, it needs to be investigated, while the state investigative agency is like, we're here to investigate. Show us. And so far, there's nothing.","With 20 seconds left, why does this happen a lot in Florida?","Because that's just how we are. I think Tim Russert said Florida, Florida, Florida. Or some people call us Flori-duh (ph). And this is just part of the nature of living here and being a reporter in the Sunshine State."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"trying to steal the election\" and \"fraud\" are used in a figurative sense to imply that the Democrats were attempting to win the election through illegitimate means.","questions":"What was the reason behind the Republicans' call for investigation?","answer":"Illegitimate"}
{"text":["The parallels between the two men were extraordinary, and, of course, I didn't know that when I started researching the story. But every step of the way, there was something else that was a mirror image. They both pursued lofty goals in childhood. They both suffered love and loss as young men. They both lost their wives and were left with infant daughters at very young ages. They both embraced public service, and they both emerged as leaders. And the thing is that in another more enlightened time, they could've held the other's job.","It is also interesting. We mentioned Frederick Douglass, obviously the first generation of African-American leaders in this country. He met with President Lincoln, was - discussed the race issue several times during the Civil War with him, and it is Booker T.  Washington who sort of picks up the mantle, along with W.  E.  B. Du Bois.","They did. But it was interesting to me that Booker T.  Washington and Du Bois came from completely different positions. Slavery was not a concept to Booker T.  Washington. He lived it. Whereas Du Bois grew up in Massachusetts and had a - was born free and had a completely different experience. It was really Booker T.  Washington's mission to lead his people out of slavery. He was actually called the Negro Moses, and it was Du Bois' mission to lead them into the 20th century. If they had been able to work together in concert, I think that what they would've achieved would've been remarkable.","Yet they had tensions, well, I think, that continue to this day."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : This statement implies that both men pursued a career in politics and held leadership positions, but not that they held the same political position or leadership role.","questions":"Which aspect of the two men's careers is highlighted in turn 0?","answer":"Politics"}
{"text":["Thank you for having me with you.","So, let's start with what exactly they are.","Okay. Fibroids are non-cancerous tumors. They're growth of muscle within the uterine wall. And sometimes they can be the size of a dime, and because of their location, they give you severe symptoms. And rarely, they can get to be the size of a basketball before they're recognized.","That's sounds pretty horrific.","It can be. It's amazing how much difficulty they can give to women that, in general, women can have severe menstrual bleeding - the kind of bleeding that keeps you home from work or keeps you from being able to do your daily activities - or they can press on a lot body structures. And they are very common, and it's surprising that so few women know that they have fibroids and that their symptoms may be related to them.","Now, research shows that about 25 percent of women in America are going to show some symptoms of fibroids, but they occur a lot more often in black women than white women. How much more often and why do scientists think that is?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Fibroids are non-cancerous tumors. They're growth of muscle within the uterine wall. And sometimes they can be the size of a dime, and because of their location, they give you severe symptoms. And rarely, they can get to be the size of a basketball before they're recognized. Implicated meaning: Providing information about fibroids, their size, and symptoms.","questions":"How big can fibroids grow?","answer":"Basketball"}
{"text":["How big a deal is this for you, Freddie Hubbard?Is this sort of a moment of, you know, am I able to do and be what I once was or am I having to accept that time has put me in a different place?Are you sort of at that?","So much that because you have to realize at one time or another in your career when you get a little older, you can't do the things that you did before. Now, it's been very hard for me to accept that. I never - I felt like - I always felt like I could blow it and nothing would never happen until this happened. So now, it's - no matter how hard I practice, it just seem like I can't do the plays I did. But people tell me, they say, man, you don't have to prove nothing. All you have to do is play good enough to get your point across because you're not going to play like - I'm not going to play like I did when you played those earlier records. And I'm just - it's hard for me to accept that, you know, all I want is young (unintelligible) getting off on me, you know.","Let's go back to 1964. This is \"Breaking Point. \"","See, I was trying to play like a saxophone."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"I could blow it\" implies that he felt like he could ruin everything","questions":"What did \"A\" feel like he could do despite getting older?","answer":"Blow"}
{"text":["Do drones offer the appearance of risk-free combat?","Well, inside our business, Scott, they don't. There's nothing risk-free about anything we do. And when you're talking about decisions that may affect life and death, I think we take this very seriously. There is nothing in this enterprise that discounts the value of life on the ground - all life, by the way - friendly life, enemy life and then, of course, civilian non-combatant life and property. It's something that is very deeply ingrained in our folks as they go through training.","But to press you a bit on this, General, I wonder - does drone warfare offer, to some Americans, the appearance of being able to strike militarily almost anywhere in the world and not have to worry about suffering casualties and consequence?","Yeah, it's one of the reasons that we don't like the term drone warfare, Scott, the - because drone does imply a level of autonomy that is not the case. It does imply a lack of thinking and a lack of human involvement. A primary reason we call them remotely piloted aircraft is because there is somebody flying them. There is somebody in that decision loop. In fact, there are lots of somebodies in it who are adding the human judgments that we think are critical when you're in the business of life and death."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"strike militarily almost anywhere in the world and not have to worry about suffering casualties and consequence\": the literal meaning of this phrase is that military strikes can be carried out anywhere in the world without any concerns about casualties or consequences; however, the actual meaning is that some people may perceive drone warfare as being able to strike with impunity, but it does not mean that there are no potential consequences or risks involved.","questions":"Which term does General PersonA dislike in relation to drone warfare?","answer":"Drone"}
{"text":["Growing up in this community since I was a baby, this is my home. It's where I learned to live out on the land. It's where I harvest my food. It's where I live. I love this country. And at times like when you go to high school and you got to go to school, you leave the community. And when you're young, you like to experience and travel new things, but you always have that sense of home that you want to be back to. You want to be back. You want to be on the river. You want to be out on the land. I don't see myself wanting to move. This is my community, and I'm going to raise my family here.","You have a young daughter, I am told.","Yeah, her name is Tl'yah Tr'an Elizabeth Edith Josie (ph). She is 18 months.","You going to change what you tell her - is that going to be different from what your parents and grandparents told you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : You learn how to get your food from plants and animals instead of a store. When you travel you begin to feel a sadness that you are not at home. You want to be outdoors experiencing nature.","questions":"How does growing up in the community affect your relationship with nature?","answer":"Strong"}
{"text":["So I always tell people, look at your many choices. Don't close any doors. But the fact is that, you know, take your passion, take it as far as you can, but understand you've got to make a living, and you've got to pay the loan back.","What about people like you, who are college presidents?What challenges are you facing in trying to make sure that you can get a broad variety of students from different backgrounds?","Farai, you know, what keeps me up at night is the young women who want to be admitted but don't have the dollars, the young women who are students who are continuing, who are saying, I need more financial aid, the young women whose parents can't take out another loan. That literally keeps me up at night. If you see me again and I'm gray, that's what did it.","I mean literally. I mean, I wake up in the - you know, I wake up in the middle of the night and say, how can I find money for these young people?It is a challenge."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The college president is worried about students' financial struggles.","questions":"Which group of individuals is the college president concerned about?","answer":"students"}
{"text":["Oh, yes. In the business environment where you have a rational time schedule, then you have more productivity per hour worked. In Spain, we are the last ones in Europe in productivity per hour.","I wonder what you'd say to Americans who may have a romantic view of the siesta, who on any given workday inhale a sandwich while they stand looking at their computer screen.","Well, that is terrible too. I think we need one hour to have lunch in a decent way. This is very good, but not two or three hours that we have here. The hope to be similar to you and all the European countries beside us because really we need that for health, for family. We will have more time for having this life that we want to have. And for sure, you could have also some more time to have the lunch which is healthier.","Nuria Chinchilla is an economist and professor of management at the IESE Business School in Barcelona. Thanks very much for joining us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Turn (4) implies that Nuria Chinchilla is thankful for being invited to the show and is concluding the interview.","questions":"What is the name of the professor who was interviewed in the show?","answer":"Nuria-Chinchilla"}
{"text":["And I saw that with just kids I knew at public school that were gifted. A lot of them struggled as they got older because they've been told they were smart. And so when they failed, they felt let down, they felt confused, and they blamed themselves.","So I think you see that on a much grander level with a child star where they get this level of fame and success and they think that that's going to last forever because they get used to it. And as they get older it's taken away from them, and they're not sure who to blame. And they don't know how to do anything for themselves.","And almost inevitably taken away from them by a disease called adolescence.","Yes, exactly. I mean I think that child stars are - they're used, in a way, to - their cuteness is used. And a lot of child actors - I mean people often ask me, they say why were you in so many kids' movies. And one was that my mother and father believed that there weren't enough good kids' movies out there. Now, I wasn't always in the best kids' movies, but they thought that that was important. And another thing is that there can really only be so many \"To Kill A Mockingbirds\" out there."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Adolescence is when children change and is not easy to go through.","questions":"Which phase?","answer":"Adolescence"}
{"text":["We literally can't get to everyone, but let's begin with Mitt Romney. He memorably said last year - I'm going to quote - \"no, no, no, no, no, no\" to the idea of running again. What may have changed his mind?","Romney changed his mind about 2016 because of 2014. And he hopes that will help other Republicans forget about 2012. You know, Romney's been crisscrossing the country for other Republican candidates all this past year, and it felt pretty good to him. Those candidates did very well in November.","And Romney looks around, and he sees no great alternatives to Jeb Bush. And he's just not convinced that Jeb Bush can win the nomination and sell the country on another president named Bush. Of course, his own problem is selling other Republicans on another dance with a guy named Romney.","Rand Paul is jetting around everywhere. How does he take advantage of the national network of support, particularly money that his father Ron Paul built up, while departing from his father on some national security issues?His father essentially blamed the policies of the French government for the murders in Paris."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker thinks that there is a level of ambiguity or hidden message in the turn that may not be immediately apparent, but which can be inferred or interpreted through context or other clues.","questions":"What does the speaker imply about the turn in question 3?","answer":"Perceive"}
{"text":["So is a bagel just a bialy with a hole in the middle?","It's very different, and the origins of the bagel are somewhat mysterious. There's a lot of folklore around it and variable legends about how the bagel came to exist. But I have decided that we will never know.","Well, it's one of the great mysteries of life, think of it that way. What made the bagel leap from being just kind of New York street food, you know, or maybe Sunday brunch food, across the country?","So it was really, I think, the Lenders brothers, and Lender's bagels are what I grew up in. I grew up outside of Detroit, Michigan, and I thought they were the greatest thing ever. Like you would get six of them in a little plastic tube. And now, like when I think, the taste was awful, but they were early adopters of refrigeration technology."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is suggesting that the popularity of the bagel is a great mystery.","questions":"How does the speaker describe the origins of the bagel?","answer":"Mystery"}
{"text":["The United Nations World Food Programme has to cut back on the food that it gives out to some of the most imperiled people in the world. In Ethiopia, for example, it's had to lower the daily calorie intake for hundreds of thousands of refugees that it feeds in the camps there. Now, this is partly due to funding shortfalls, but there is also a growing need for food aid as the globe's conflicts continue. Peter Smerdon joins us now from Nairobi. He's the spokesperson for the World Food Programme in East Africa. Mr.  Smerdon, thanks for being with us.","My pleasure.","What kind of hard decisions do to the folks in your program have to make?","Basically, when we haven't got enough money, we have to decide who's not going to get food. And most of the people we serve are dependent on the United Nations World Food Programme for their food needs - in many cases, 100 percent because either they fled countries in conflict, and they have absolutely no money, no jobs and no assets left or because they're refugees, and they are confined to camps. They are not allowed to work. And they have no money, either."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The World Food Programme has to decide who is not going to get food due to the lack of resources, and those who are most in need often have to go without.","questions":"What is the reason behind the World Food Programme's decision to cut back on the food it gives out?","answer":"Funding"}
{"text":["The way it works is that the public trust will now operate the company and will generate profits, which they anticipate to be between $7 and $8 billion. And those profits will be used to help settle some of the claims. Additionally, if they have any subsidiaries that are non-opioid that they sell, the proceeds from that sale will be used to pay the creditors.","Ah, OK.  Are there other examples of private companies that for one reason or another become public beneficiary trusts?","This is the first one I've seen in my 53 years of bankruptcy practice.","Really?Wow. So why has it been so rare, you think, for something like this to happen - for private companies to be made into a public beneficiary trusts?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The phrase \"first one I've seen\" does not literally mean that the speaker has never heard of or encountered such a case before, but rather that it is a rare occurrence in their experience in bankruptcy practice.","questions":"How does the speaker describe their experience with private companies becoming public beneficiary trusts?","answer":"Rare"}
{"text":["You know, there are a number of reporters who've contacted me that have said, what do you we do?I've got sinusitis. What do I do?It clearly is a prevalent problem in the general population. But clearly, we need controlled clinical trials to determine the efficacy of these kinds of interventions. And the FDA has ruled that if we are doing such trials, we need investigational drug status for every species that we want to instill into a patient to treat our disease.","So it maybe a while before we can actually get to a point where we would be instilling these kinds of organisms into the sinuses. But it's certainly another way of thinking about treating chronic inflammatory disease, of the sinuses, at least. There's certainly prostins in the gastrointestinal tract. For example, when there's recalcitrant C.  difficile, clostridium difficile infection, which is this thing that outgrows when patients have had, again, a lot of antimicrobials and have depleted diversity. Fecal transplant works very well.","So taking the feces of a spouse or a relative, and basically repopulating the gastrointestinal tract with those species, has a rate of 91 percent efficacy. So I think we could consider this for mucosal services as, perhaps, the general rule that this kind of restoration ecology approach to try to reinstate the healthy protective organisms in this niches, maybe an alternative strategy for treating some of these chronic inflammatory diseases.","Yeah. Did we once all have them and they went away somehow?Or what - why did some of us have the healthy population and some of us don't?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Fecal transplant may be an effective treatment for some chronic inflammatory diseases.","questions":"Which type of transplant may be an effective treatment for some chronic inflammatory diseases?","answer":"Fecal"}
{"text":["OK.","I was interrupting a story, which I hated to do, but I have to do. Go ahead. Go ahead. Please.","OK.  Back to the intrigue. So anyway, the Swedish prime minister told the scientists, you're wrong. It's submarines and he's planning to get up in public and start this big international incident. And the scientists said, go ahead. But if you do that, we're going to get up in public and tell people that, no, it's not submarines, it's herrings and it's herrings' farting. And so the prime minister backed down, never made the announcement. But I'm told by reporters in Sweden, that over the years, he's continued to tell people that it really is and was Russian submarines. And he's now the foreign minister of Sweden. So he's still in a position of power. Kind of interesting, huh?","Yeah. You know, I wonder if you can visually document, you know, the gas release of any of that stuff and come back with. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is telling a story about a Swedish prime minister who believed that the cause of a particular phenomenon was Russian submarines, while the scientists believed it was herrings farting. The story is likely fictional, and the implied meaning is that people in power may ignore scientific evidence and continue to promote their beliefs, even if they are not supported by facts.","questions":"How did the Swedish prime minister respond to the scientists' argument?","answer":"backed"}
{"text":["Yes.","What is it like coming and finding a place in New York's theater world?Because it can be very tough to even get a little purchase in it, but it sounds like you have found a place with your off-Broadway version of the play that's very comfortable and fulfilling.","Well, it is definitely - yeah, I have to admit, I wish I could sit here and say I knew it was going to happen this way. I was nervous waiting for that New York Times review to come out. You know what that's like. You know, it was like, OK, you know, am I going to get the theater gods' blessing?Because New York it is what it is; it's the Big Apple. It's the biggest theater market in the world. If you can make it, here you can make it anywhere.","So, this feels really good to have, you know, not just the approval from the critics, but just be able to, you know - I shake everyone's hand who buys the ticket every time I perform my show. I stand at the door as people leave the theater; I shake their hand and look them in the eyes and say thank you. So, I really feel like just because the reviews are great, I still know that it's reaching people, and that's what's important to me."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The approval of the audience is more important than the reviews.","questions":"What is more important than the reviews?","answer":"people"}
{"text":["Well, it's my pleasure, Scott. Thank you.","Can you recreate for us in a sense, like our town does, a summer day at that house you loved?","Basically, people woke up as early as they could, as close to dawn. Everyone was kind of on their own once the kids got older and could take care of themselves to fix something for breakfast and start the day however they wanted as long as they were busy.","There was no television, barely a radio. And it would be tuned into very infrequently, generally when the Red Sox were playing. And all you got were scratchy sounds anyway. People were left to just, I guess, invite the outdoors into their hearts and their souls."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) - Implied meaning: People were encouraged to enjoy the outdoors and take in the beauty of nature","questions":"How were people influenced to connect with nature in the house that PersonA loved?","answer":"Outdoors"}
{"text":["Right. So we're talking about the acting Director of National Intelligence Joseph Maguire going before the House Intelligence Committee tomorrow. Now, he's been on the job all of one month. And so far, his role has been to block the whistleblower complaint from going forward and reaching Congress. But there are signs that he doesn't necessarily agree with this position, that it's lawyers who've made him sort of take this position.","He's not a chatty guy. But last night, he issued a statement saying, I am committed to protecting whistleblowers and ensuring every complaint is handled appropriately. So that sort of statement came out of the blue. And then today, there was a report that he had threatened to resign if he was told to go before Congress and stonewall. He quickly responded and said. . .","You mean if the administration had blocked him from testifying before Congress.","Correct. Correct. And so he said that was not true. He said he didn't consider resigning. But it's certainly going to make for a very interesting day tomorrow to see what he says when he goes before the committee."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Not a chatty\" doesn't just mean he isn't highly talkative, it means he rarely says anything. Whistleblowers, out of the blue, and stonewall are also figurative. ","questions":"What does \"not a chatty\" mean?","answer":"Rarely"}
{"text":["This is WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. I'm Melissa Block. This week, Republican front-runner Donald Trump warned that there would be riots if Republican leaders reject him as the nominee, even if he's ahead in the delegate count. He was talking about the possibility of a contested convention. If Trump fails to get to the magic number of 1,237 delegates, things are going to get complicated - Byzantine even. And if you are an unbound or unpledged delegate - that is a delegate who can vote for whomever you want - you're probably about to get a lot of phone calls. Matt Micheli is one of those unpledged delegates. He's also chairman of the Wyoming Republican Party. And he joins us now from Casper. Welcome to the program.","Thank you, Melissa.","What does it mean to be - for you to be an unbound delegate?You're essentially a free agent, right, when you go to the convention.","That's right. We still represent the state of Wyoming and we - the results of what the Wyoming people want, I think, is what we will all try to do. But there's no law or no limits on who we can vote for at National Convention. We are free agents."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The turn (4) implies that the Wyoming Republican Party believes in democratic principles and values, and the party's unpledged delegates will do their best to reflect the will of the state's residents at the Republican National Convention. However, as unbound delegates, they are not legally bound to vote for any specific candidate.","questions":"What is the Wyoming Republican Party's stance on democratic values and the role of unpledged delegates at the Republican National Convention?","answer":"democratic"}
{"text":["You know, one of the things - you know, getting back to your book, \"The National Team\" - one of the things that your book makes clear and what some people frankly might find shocking is just how early these issues started for women's soccer. I mean, there's something almost like on every other page about this. I'll just read one one paragraph. (Reading) While each player on the men's team got a $10,000 bonus for qualifying for the 1990 World Cup, the women received only a couple of T-shirts for qualifying for the 1991 Women's World Cup. The shirts featured the logo of Budweiser, a U. S.  Soccer sponsor. The players sarcastically call them their $5,000 T-shirts.","(Laughter).","OK. I just, you know - how has this been justified through the years?","You have to admire the sense of humor that the players had about it. You know, I think it would be unfair to sit here and say that it hasn't improved. But U. S.  Soccer - the women's national team started in 1985. The players were given uniforms that were clearly, like, leftover men's uniforms. And?The players before the first ever U. S.  Women's National Team game were up the night before sewing and cutting their uniforms so they would fit."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The female players were not given proper uniforms, showing the lack of resources and support for the female national team.","questions":"How were the female players treated during the early years of the U.S. Women's National Team?","answer":"Poorly"}
{"text":["Yeah. Well, there are definitely multiple factors. You know, about a decade ago, China passed their renewable energy law. They started to really grow wind and solar as the future strategic industries. And now they're the largest in the world. They install by far the most wind turbines and solar panels in the world. So they really can see that this is a future growth area, that this is something that they can export to other countries. And it has all of these environmental benefits. So of course, to them, it just makes sense to do it.","So they see jobs in green energy.","That's right. You know, there's 3 million renewable energy jobs in China. That's the most in the world. Renewable energy jobs around the world, including in the U. S. , are growing much faster than the overall job market. So there are definitely areas for growth.","At the same time, China is the world's largest coal user and producer, isn't it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The implied meaning of the speaker's turn is that China is taking advantage of its renewable energy resources, not just for environmental benefits, but also for economic growth and job creation.","questions":"Which country has the most renewable energy jobs in the world?","answer":"China"}
{"text":["I don't have inside knowledge of what happened in the Ukraine matter, but it's clear to me that Yovanovitch was following the instructions that she was given by the State Department and she may have run afoul of whatever scheme Rudy Giuliani and likely the president were trying to play out in Ukraine.","Diplomacy is not a partisan issue between Democrats and Republicans. It's about serving American national interests. And I'm confident that's what Yovanovitch was trying to do.","The letter you and other foreign service professionals signed seemed to express particular concern about the implications, possible implications for replacing Ambassador Yovanovitch might have for the entire foreign service.","That's right. The letter was signed for two reasons; first, because many of the signatories know Yovanovitch, know her to be a person of impeccable integrity, someone who has served for more than three decades - both Republicans and Democrats - and has always done so with great distinction and received numerous awards and accolades for her work. But there's a larger issue here that goes beyond Yovanovitch."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : She might have discovered the illegal activity Rudy Giuliani was conducting.","questions":"Which former ambassador was potentially obstructing Rudy Giuliani's activities in Ukraine?","answer":"Yovanovitch"}
{"text":["Well, I don't (laughter) know if it's going to be forever unique in that way. We have this evidence now of President Trump making calls along these lines. And you get a lot of - I got a lot of criticism. Sometimes for being too soft, sometimes for being too harsh. I'm banned from Russia by Vladimir Putin because we successfully prosecuted an international arms dealer named Viktor Bout. I was personally attacked by President Erdogan of Turkey because we prosecuted somebody that, you know, he had connections to in an indirect way.","I'm glad you mentioned Turkey's president. What happened in a different country, in a different system, when there was a prosecution of someone named Reza Zarrab, and it became a matter of political interest?","So Reza Zarrab was a gold trader, Iranian but also from Turkey, who was being prosecuted along with other folks in Turkey for various, you know, elements of misconduct. And those cases were made to go away because he was politically connected to two people who were close to Erdogan.","What did President Erdogan of Turkey do to make that case go away?","Well, he exercised his power in a country that doesn't have the same constitutional protections that America has. He relieved judges of their duty. He removed prosecutors from office. He shut down media outlets. And the case went away. Literally, the case was made to go away. Now, that is not something we've seen in this country and hopefully we'll never see in this country. And it's harder to accomplish in this country."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Case is a legal judgement that will take place before a judge.","questions":"Which legal term is mentioned in Turn 2?","answer":"Case"}
{"text":["In Larry Nassar's statement to the court last year just before he was sentenced, he said he'd been impacted to his inner-most core by the testimony of his victims, including yourself. But he did not apologize. He was, though, sentenced to life in prison. Did you feel resolution walking away from that day?","You know, I did in the sense that Larry will never be able to hurt another child. And I take great comfort in that. That being said, Larry was a symptom of the problem. And that's something, again, that I really wanted to dig into in the book. Larry didn't just magically appear as one of the most prolific predators in campus history, in sports history and in history in general. He didn't magically appear that way. He was enabled and sheltered by powerful organizations, by law enforcement agencies that mishandled or refused to investigate reports of sexual misconduct. And so while we were able to stop Larry, what really remains to be done and the work that has just begun is dealing with the institutions and the dynamics that left him in power.","Rachael Denhollander is an activist and former gymnast. Her book \"What Is A Girl Worth?\"and her children's book \"How Much Is A Little Girl Worth?\"are out now. Rachael, thank you so much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Larry didn't just show up as a predator and hurt as many people as he did. ","questions":"Which organizations and agencies enabled and sheltered Larry?","answer":"Law"}
{"text":["That is against the law.","This is a BuzzFeed story, not an NPR story. It hasn't been reflected in our reporting. We can't vouch for it. Is this an anecdote or a trend?","Right. Is this an anomaly?It's the real key. I believe this is potentially a trend. Are they the only ones who've done this?Are there other countries who try it?","Are there other Americans other than the ones that you've believed you've uncovered?","And are there other Americans - right."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : BuzzFeed is unreliable and their story cannot be trusted.","questions":"How can BuzzFeed's story be described according to the dialogue?","answer":"Unreliable"}
{"text":["Thank you very much. It's nice to be here.","So dung beetles use the starry night, they use the Milky Way to navigate around?","They do indeed. Yes. It's a surprising finding, but they do indeed. Yeah. We discovered it almost by chance, really, because we were studying their mechanisms of navigating with regards to the moon, which is slightly more visible and obvious stimulus during the night sky. But we discovered on most parts of the month when the moon came up extremely late after midnight, particularly that until midnight, we suddenly discovered that the beetles were still able to navigate even without the moon. So we were quite puzzled by this, a bit alarmed actually at first because we were worried that our previous work was wrong. But then after further contemplation, we sort of realized that, well, maybe they were using the stars. And it turned out to be the case.","They can actually see the Milky Way at night time?","They can, yes. They probably don't see that many individual stars because their eyes really aren't sensitive enough to discern many more than probably the 10 or so brightest stars. But they can actually see the very dim stripe of light, which is - which makes up the Milky Way, especially in the Southern Hemisphere. It's very, very obvious actually compared to the Northern Hemisphere. And it's this broad and rather dim stripe of light which they're able to detect and to orient with respect to.","How do you craft an experiment to discover this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : nice to be here means its nice that I'm here being interviewed","questions":"What are dung beetles able to detect and orient with respect to in the Southern Hemisphere at night time?","answer":"Milky"}
{"text":["Yeah, well, in fact, what our(ph) antihydrogen atoms bump into when we release them is gold. The inside of our apparatus is gold-plated, so they're actually hitting gold nuclei. So what happens is the antiquarks in the antiproton finds some quarks in a gold nucleus and annihilate with those. The amount of energy released is about the same, right?You're annihilating the rest mass of the antiproton on the same rest mass of the quarks that make up the nucleus.","So does the gold get changed any way from. . .","Not in any way that you would measure macroscopically, right, but - because we're talking about, we trap one atom at a time, right?So there's no macroscopic effect that you would be able to measure. But for us, that's a microscopically violent event, right?There's a lot of energy released, and we're pretty good at detecting that so we can actually see the energy release when you lose one atom of antihydrogen. By the way, you couldn't do that with hydrogen. If hydrogen hits the wall, nothing happens, right?So this is one way that antimatter is actually fun to work with.","When you shoot that radiation at it to flip it around, does it self-annihilate against the wall?Is that what happens?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Antihydrogen atoms hit gold nuclei in the apparatus.","questions":"How do antiproton and quark annihilate?","answer":"Annihilate"}
{"text":["Yeah. That was something that I really loved about this script, actually, when it came in was the World War I element of the movie. It's depicted very realistically and shows the - you know, the horrendous elements of that war. But also, it - because of him suffering from trench fever, it has this hallucinatory element to it whereby you're kind of getting glimpses into his dark imagination and what he might have actually been witnessing instead of the reality around him at that time.","Yeah, the battlefield becomes kind of Middle-earth's Mordor in many ways.","Yeah, yeah, completely, which - I mean, he always said that that war wasn't an allegory for his work and the lands he created. But at the same time, I mean, obviously you're always influenced by experiences like that.","What do you do when you go into a biopic like this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The battlefield becomes very fantasy like instead of realistic due to the fever.","questions":"Which element of the war depicted in the movie has a hallucinatory effect due to the fever?","answer":"Reality."}
{"text":["You have to understand; at this point Mr.  Treviene was in his late 70's. This is a man who is used to building houses and repairing houses, and had been a younger man that might have been a challenge to him. But as an older man who was basically retired before the storm, this was an insurmountable challenge and so much of his story is the story of elderly New Orleanians.","When I looked at his face, it looked literally as if the life just seeped out of it.","That was the feeling that we got sitting there. After he had gone into the house, we sort of sat there and kind of cleaned up a little bit and talk, but there wasn't a whole lot to say.","And he didn't live much longer did he?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"before the storm\" implies before the SHTF - Or, before things went awry.","questions":"How was Mr. Treviene's physical condition before the storm?","answer":"Young"}
{"text":["Well, certainly in some cases in expensive cities still need some help but much less help. On a minimum wage of $12 an hour, a couple - two full-time minimum wage workers - would earn $50,000 a year. That certainly doesn't make you affluent, it doesn't make you rich, but you can get by reasonably well on $50,000 a year.","And you don't think jobs will leave the state?","Some jobs, but probably a lot fewer than most people think. There have actually been a lot of recent studies in the last five or 10 years that have turned around the economic sentiment on this issue. In most cases, in nearly all cases, the jobs we're talking about for these workers are in the low-wage service sector. They're non-tradable. They're not subject to foreign competition. They can't be outsourced. Those jobs are exactly the sort of jobs where the employers would simply pass along the extra costs to the consumer. They'd raise prices and keep their workers at a much higher paycheck. Furthermore, the price rises we're talking about are very much smaller than most people would realize. Wal-Mart is America's largest low-wage employer. Three hundred thousand Wal-Mart workers average about $9 an hour. All Wal-Mart would have to do to cover a $12 minimum wage is raise their prices by 1. 1 percent one time. The average Wal-Mart shopper would pay only an extra $12. 50 per year. People wouldn't even notice the price hike.","Well, if the goal is to lift low-wage workers above the poverty level, is $12 an hour really enough?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) Implied meaning: Are there any potential risks of job losses in the state due to minimum wage increase?","questions":"Which sector are the jobs that are not subject to foreign competition and cannot be outsourced?","answer":"Service"}
{"text":["There were some in the immediate crowd, Scott, who were smiling. But the president chose to make his tour of the damage in a rather affluent area where the damage was not so severe. Elsewhere on the island, these remarks seemed surreal. Plus, there was his rather cavalier comment about Puerto Rico's debt crisis, which is quite severe and which he dismissed and said, well, that's gone. That's gone. That's gone. Well, the next day, the president's budget director had to walk that back and say we shouldn't take that word for word. And all of this gave the impression that the president wasn't taking Puerto Rico as seriously as he did the hurricane disasters in Texas and Florida.","Did he leave a different impression the next day in Las Vegas?","You know, he did, and very much so. Whether it was recompense or whether the Vegas shooting just got to him on another level, one of his most authentic moments, really, of apparent empathy since he took office.","We're getting a tweet from president - from President Trump. Or we're not getting it. But he's tweeted, I called Chuck Schumer yesterday to see if the Dems would do a great health care bill. Obamacare is badly broken, big premiums. Who knows?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The actual meaning different from the literal meaning is:  \"Did he leave a different impression the next day in Las Vegas?\"  The literal meaning of this sentence is asking whether the president left a distinct impression the next day in Las Vegas. However, the implied meaning is asking whether the president's behavior or demeanor changed significantly in response to the events or circumstances in Las Vegas, indicating a potential shift in his attitude or approach.","questions":"Which event triggered a change in the president's behavior?","answer":"Las-Vegas"}
{"text":["No, but then - you know, and then somebody would come up - I think it was Carlene, who was our nurse, came up with the idea. Well, cut it into slices. And then you can lay out the slices - like, all this so that we can keep from doing the - like, that's why they give you a rectory - so that you could serve the church. Like, give it up.","(Laughter) That's hilarious. What do you think you got out of writing this book?And what do you hope other people get out of reading your book?","I think I got back the experience. In \"Law And Order,\" you always see the crazy criminals take trophies, and they put them in a box and cement them down in the basement. I think I do that with grief. I think we - I put the fun things in there, and then I lock it up. I wanted all of this back. You know, I wanted the laughter. I wanted her. I wanted those years with my family. I wanted access to them again. And I wanted to do it while keeping company with all kinds of other people who are isolated by the very nature of caregiving. I wanted that back in my life, available to me.","We've been speaking with Lorene Cary. Her latest book is \"Ladysitting: My Year With Nana At The End Of Her Century. \"And Lorene was kind enough to join us from the University of Pennsylvania, where she teaches."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker keeps the happy memories of her past with her loved ones locked up inside her to deal with her grief.","questions":"Which emotion does the speaker deal with by locking up her happy memories?","answer":"Grief"}
{"text":["Yeah. Let's move back into the beltway for a moment. How are Republican lawmakers responding?They've got their own business to focus on right now, and this Comey story can't help.","No. In private, they are really gnashing their teeth. Some of them worry about Trump's stability. They - off the record, they'll call him prickly and emotional and undisciplined. They feel that everything he did this week is hurting their ability to focus on health care and taxes and the economy and jobs. They're worried that it's going to depress Republican candidate recruitment and help Democrats. But - this is important - publicly, they are standing with him. And only a small handful of Republicans have come out in support of a special prosecutor or a select committee to look into Russian meddling.","All right, there's no disputing that the FBI director serves at the pleasure of the president. So if this isn't a legal issue, the dismissal of Comey, then what is it?","Well, that's right. Legally, President Trump has the right to fire the FBI director for any reason or no reason at all. Whether this amounts to obstruction of justice is not clear. But there is a reason that, although there is no law requiring this, presidents have always upheld the norm of making sure that federal law enforcement is supposed to be independent. And that's why the FBI director gets a 10-year term. That's why presidents usually take care not to give even the appearance of interference in an FBI investigation, especially one relating to their own campaign."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : gnashing their teeth implies they are very unhappy about it","questions":"Which word describes the private views of some Republican lawmakers towards Trump's stability?","answer":"damage"}
{"text":["I hope that there would be people who would come to the site, interested in building their family tree or learning how to start family research, who then would see an interesting article that they might not have thought they would read otherwise and dabble. And that there will be cross pollination between the two missions of the site that, you know, will make for some interesting dialogue and interesting experience for users.","Now, you've been careful to point out that when appropriate, you're going to make these links. But Professor Gates co-owns part of AfricanDNA. com. Do you see any ethical problems with your site steering people to his business specifically?","I don't, actually, at all, because we don't simply steer people to AfricanDNA. com, and there's full disclosure on the site that he's a co-founder of AfricanDNA. com.","But if you - if someone comes to the site and they click into the tab that - for DNA testing, they'll see several different places that they can go to to test their DNA, with links to those different companies. Actually, the option to link those different companies are actually presented to you before you click through to AfricanDNA. com."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The implied meaning is that the person hopes for interaction and engagement between individuals interested in building their family tree or learning about family research, and that they will come across unexpected articles and ideas, leading to interesting discussions and experiences on the site.","questions":"Which experience does the person hope to create on the site?","answer":"Interesting"}
{"text":["From NPR News, it's Day to Day. Later tonight, I will be hosting dinner at my house with friends I invited, which hopefully will keep the meal mellow because we all tend to see eye to eye on most things.","But not everyone is as lucky. If you find yourself sharing a table today with family or friends who don't share your political views, well, fret not. Slate. com's chief political correspondent John Dickerson has put together some ammunition to help you should the conversation turn to politics. He joins us now from his home in Washington, D. C.  Hi, John.","Hello. Happy Thanksgiving.","And to you as well. John, you have for Slate provided backup to both sides of the argument on a number of topics. Let's start off with the financial crisis. Now, let's say that your Aunt Edna is a Democrat and your cousin Joe is a Republican. What argument can each of them make over the pumpkin pie as to who's to blame for all this mess?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : If you have a Thanksgiving dinner with family and friends who disagree with you politically, don't worry because John Dickerson can help with some talking points.","questions":"How does John Dickerson help people with Thanksgiving dinner conversations?","answer":"Help"}
{"text":["Yeah, thank you.","So tell us what the article said.","Well, it's very interesting. It's in the Jesuit magazine La Civilta Cattolica. It's a very historic magazine, the Jesuits, of course, being the same order that Pope Francis - an order of priest that Pope Francis is a part of. And what's very interesting is that these two authors are known to be quite close to him. One, Antonio Spadaro, was the person who interviewed him in 2013 and made a big splash. And what they're saying is that they're concerned about ties between fundamental evangelicals and, kind of, right-wing Catholics in the U. S.  that are focused only on very neuralgic issues and kind of dividing in politics.","And the article, I believe, specifically talks about xenophobic and Islamophobic views.","Yeah. What the authors say is that, you know, Pope Francis has really been trying to create a culture of dialogue encounter, really working with people across all the spectrums. And what the two authors in this article are saying is that these right-wing groups in the U. S.  have been really doing the opposite. Where Pope Francis is trying to build bridges, they're trying to build walls. And they're playing up concerns about migration, about refugees. And they're kind of operating in the exact opposite way of the pope which, for a Catholic, is obviously a very strange thing.","All right, this article also directly mentions President Donald Trump and his adviser Steve Bannon. What does it say about them?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : \"Trying to build walls\" - The actual meaning is that they are trying to create barriers and divisions instead of promoting unity and understanding.","questions":"Which phrase in the dialogue describes the approach of the right-wing groups in the U.S. towards migration and refugees?","answer":"Build"}
{"text":["Aw. We mentioned that you worked for President George W.  Bush, who advised John McCain. In your circle of friends, people there at the Hoover Institution - without violating any any confidences - your friends and colleagues - is your opinion widely held or are people who ordinarily would support the Republican candidate talking about voting for Hillary Clinton?","I think this is a real time of crisis for Republicans. It's hard for many of my friends to think about supporting Donald Trump. And it's very hard for many of my friends to think about supporting Hillary Clinton. In fact, I would have indulged the luxury of writing in one of my terrific nephews for president if I hadn't seen that the polls during the British referendum were off by 12 points. And my concern that (inaudible) be accurate, and everybody's vote's actually going to count this election.","Kori Schake is a research fellow at the Hoover Institution. She joined us by Skype. Thanks very much.","You're welcome."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"You're welcome.\" This turn is an example of conventionalized language, where the speaker uses a set phrase to respond to the expression of gratitude. The literal meaning of \"you're welcome\" is an invitation for the other person to come in, but in this context, it's used to acknowledge and accept thanks.","questions":"Which phrase does the speaker use to acknowledge and accept thanks?","answer":"You're-welcome"}
{"text":["Absolutely not. In fact, the art world has been so distracted by ridiculously obscenely high prices that mainly the only art that people are even aware of is art that costs a lot of money. There's a strange exception around Basquiat. No artist of color has ever entered this kind of pantheon of, you know, Picasso, Van Gogh, all of the rest whose work does sometimes sell for over $100 million.","So you know what?I have to make a strange exception to my rule, that in this case, I kind of love that Jean-Michel Basquiat has entered that and broken that barrier. More power to women, more power to artists of color. These lives do matter, and they're going to continue to matter.","Jerry Saltz, senior art critic of New York magazine, and he joined us from New York. Thank you so much.","Thank you. It was a pleasure."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"the art world has been so distracted by ridiculously obscenely high prices\" - The actual meaning of this turn is not that the art world is physically distracted, but rather that the focus and attention of the art world have been diverted by high prices.","questions":"What kind of exception did PersonA make to their rule?","answer":"Color"}
{"text":["Do the crime, do the time, that's the old line, right?But convicted perpetrators are still afforded basic human rights while serving out their debt to society. The Southern Center for Human Rights recently filed suit on behalf of a group of prisoners in Decatur, Alabama. The presiding judge describes the county jail as, quote, \"A Slave Ship. \"There, the sheriff is accused of starving his prisoners so he could pocket the profits off a lean kitchen budget. Joining us is Lisa Kung, the executive director of the Southern Center for Human Rights. Hi, Lisa.","Hi, how are you?","I'm good. So this case has just stunned people across the world. I couldn't believe it myself when I read about it. But I understand that there is a Depression-era law on the books that made this kind of profiteering legal. Tell us about the law and the details of the case.","Sure. That's right. Alabama has this arrangement where the state pays $1. 75 a day to the sheriffs - directly to the sheriffs for every person they have in his or her jail. Now, you and I know it's hard enough to come up with three meals a day for $1. 75, and what makes Alabama special is that it allows these sheriffs to take any of the money that they don't spend on food and put it straight into their own pocket."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Prisoners are not treated with basic human rights in jail despite being convicted","questions":"How did the presiding judge describe the county jail in Decatur, Alabama?","answer":"Slave-Ship"}
{"text":["That's a great question. Things are definitely improving in the eurozone. It is unfortunately too early to say that they're out of the woods or even completely out of their recession.","I gather that most of the growth appears to be centered in Germany and to a lesser degree France. And is this then just a case of work with the best economies to begin with getting a little bit better?","Well, Germany has been the better of the European economies, since they're getting a little bit better. France has struggled. Portugal had some good numbers last quarter. That's encouraging. But you're right, we are still deeply worried about other places, such as Italy, Spain and, of course, Greece.","Well, that brings up the question because unemployment still continues to be perniciously high in Spain and Greece. Does this improvement somehow filter through to them?","Well, it certainly will - should if it continues, but you need faster growth rates than this. The hope is that this is the beginning of a faster recovery. But the way the European economy is, roughly speaking, you need more than 1 percent per year annualized growth rate in order to reduce unemployment. Unemployment's very high. We want to be seeing on an annualized basis 2 percent, perhaps even 3 percent in this recovery phase in order to feel that they've really turned the corner.","You need greater growth to be able to spur greater hiring and to lower the unemployment."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The situation in the eurozone is improving, but it is still not out of the woods yet.","questions":"How is the situation in the eurozone?","answer":"Improving"}
{"text":["Well, when I was in Durban, I spoke to an Ethiopian shopkeeper who had lost everything. His shop was broken into and it was ransacked. There was pretty much nothing left on the shelves. And it looked that someone tried to even torch the shop. But the shop belongs to a South African landlord. He was renting the shop out to the Ethiopian man. And there are many stories like that across KwaZulu Natal, which is where you'll find Durban, on the east coast of South Africa.","But there was considerable violence, and not just to property, but also to people?","Very much so. Five people died in the last two weeks, including two South Africans, might I say, who were killed during the violence. The South African mobs and looters had gone to shop after shop, which were owned by migrants - African migrants. And they looted them and they were taunting them, telling them that they're taking their jobs and their economic opportunities, they must go back to where they come from.","Is there something that the government can do to stop this happening?Like, for example, institute something that happens in a lot of industrial countries - a minimum wage, for example?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) Implied meaning: Could the government do something to prevent this from happening, such as introducing a minimum wage?","questions":"What suggestion does PersonB make to prevent the violence?","answer":"Minimum"}
{"text":["Yes.","I just wondered what that photograph brought up for you that made you want to have it as the cover of your album.","That photograph hit me like a ton of bricks. You know, I had - they had sent me about nine pictures, you know, trying to find something for the album. I didn't see the others. That was the only one I saw, and it grabbed me. You know, these little babies standing on the outside. They want to swing. They want to go on the slide.","And it kind of reminded me of my sisters and I. We had that problem when we were growing up. We couldn't go to the beach. We couldn't go to the park. We wanted some grass. Where we lived, we didn't really have any grass. You know, we'd have to play in a vacant lot with dirt and glass. So that photograph grabbed me in the heart and almost brought me to tears. I said, this is the one.","(Singing) Look at us now. Remember when. We've come a long, long way. We tell ourselves stories only we can believe. It's always hard, so hard to leave.","Does singing these songs give you courage?Do you hope it gives other people courage?What do you hope it gives them?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The photograph reminded me of my childhood and almost made me cry.","questions":"What emotion did the photograph evoke in the speaker?","answer":"heart"}
{"text":["Her father liked the electronic things, which were behind locked cabinets. But she grabbed a slick stereo magazine and managed to slip into one of her boots. It would be a way to warm him for taking the bus by herself. By now she was thirsty and rounded a corner to open a fridge and grab an iced tea in a bottle that felt so good in her hands. It was One Universe Green Tea, which the label said was good for the immune system and for Octavia's skin. No one had stopped her. No one had spoken to her. It was smooth sailing. All for one and one for all.","So is there a straight line from that to piracy or just adolescence?","(Laughter). You think shoplifting is the gateway drug that eventually leads people to board other people's ships?It could be. I think the fantasy of wanting things and wanting to evade the law is certainly something that shoplifters and pirates, in this case, have in common.","I have to ask this, Mr.  Handler. This is the first chance we've had to speak with you since you emceed the National Book Awards in November and made a watermelon joke. Did I say state that incorrectly?I didn't want to tell the whole joke, but if you want to. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"made a watermelon joke\" - This turn is a figurative expression that means he told a joke that was racially insensitive or inappropriate, rather than a literal joke about watermelons.","questions":"Which fruit was mentioned in Mr. Handler's joke at the National Book Awards?","answer":"Watermelon"}
{"text":["Four. Four. We have two children.","You're a fam of four. And you are in the hospital, all four of you?","Were in the hospital, yes.","So what do you plan to do when the storm stops?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : B is asking about A's plans after the storm, assuming that they are in the hospital for a reason.","questions":"What is the reason for PersonA and their family being in the hospital during the storm?","answer":"Hospital"}
{"text":["My own judgment is it is a personal power struggle. President Salva Kiir is in power, and Riek Machar - he has been the deputy in the party and the deputy in the government. And in 2015, Riek Machar came openly talking about his ambition to become the president of the Republic of South Sudan one day. That led to his dismissal. That is the genesis of this problem.","President Salva Kiir is from the ethnic Dinka majority, the largest tribes in South Sudan, and Riek Machar is from Nuer, the second largest tribe. And, you know, in South Sudan, these two tribes - they constitute the majority of the - of the army. That is why fighting took place with the support of these two big tribes who dominated army.","There are 12,000 U. N.  peacekeeping troops there already. The proposal is for another 4,000. I gather a spokesman for the South Sudan government says they're opposed because this would be neocolonialism. Help us understand what he means by that.","Well, the government is saying it is an attempt to colonize South Sudan. It is an attempt by the American government to change the regime or the regime change. That is what the government is saying, but I don't know whether that is the intention. This morning, I had an opportunity to interview the U. S.  ambassador - the South Sudan ambassador, Molly Phee - and she categorically denied that."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) B's statement about the South Sudan government opposing the proposal for 4,000 U.N. peacekeeping troops due to neocolonialism implies that the government is wary of foreign influence and control, and fears that the deployment of additional troops would be an infringement on their sovereignty. The actual meaning goes beyond the literal definition of neocolonialism as a form of indirect control by developed nations over less developed ones.","questions":"Which term describes the South Sudan government's opposition to the proposal for 4,000 U.N. peacekeeping troops as a form of indirect control by developed nations over less developed ones?","answer":"neocolonialism"}
{"text":["I hate to see it fade out.","Yeah, me too.","There's another story that really sounds like it has to be made up, about the driver who brought a hotshot guitarist from Macon, Georgia to Stax for a session.","Yeah. The driver kept bugging the musicians in the studio to give him a chance. And someone had promised him, OK, buddy, you know, chill out for a second. You'll get your chance. When nothing happened with the big talent, people had already started packing up their cars when they remembered, oh yeah, we got to let this guy try."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) B is implying that something valuable is coming to an end, beyond just a literal fade out.","questions":"What is PersonB's feeling about something coming to an end?","answer":"End"}
{"text":["Well, I was interested in medicine ever since I was a young child, but, you know, life kind of gets in the way. The neighborhood where I grew up wasn't really conducive to producing medical physicians.","Did - this is East Cleveland you're talking about, yeah?","Yeah. East Cleveland, yeah. It was a pretty impoverished neighborhood. And so just not many opportunities to go into medicine there, but I ended up in the automotive career just by happenstance.","Well, I've read that you just - you know, you loved tinkering with cars from the time you were a teenager."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Growing up in an impoverished neighborhood hindered A's path to become a medical doctor.","questions":"What hindered PersonA's path to become a medical doctor?","answer":"Impoverished"}
{"text":["Indeed, and the longer this regime stays, the bigger this possibility is. I think any solution to the Syrian crisis will have to assure the different communities in Syria, at the top of which are the Alawites of their future in the country. Many Alawites today do not feel that what the Bashar Assad is doing to their country is excusable. At the same time, they are afraid to basically jump the ship and go against him for fear of being, sort of, killed and massacred by the majority Sunnis in the country. And so a political process will have to address the aspirations, the needs, the fears of these different minority communities in Syria.","A political process we've seen very little of. There's nothing going on.","Not much. There is a U. N.  envoy, Mr.  Lakhdar Brahimi, who was both an U. N.  and Arab League envoy, who is trying, you know, to initiate such a process. But given, in my view, the fact that this regime looks at things in Syria as a zero-sum game, there is, indeed, a very little likelihood of the success of the political process.","Marwan Muasher, former foreign minister, deputy prime minister of Jordan, with us from studios at the Carnegie Endowment in Washington. Thanks very much for your time."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There is little progress in the political process of finding a solution to the Syrian crisis.","questions":"What is the main obstacle to the success of the political process in Syria?","answer":"Regime."}
{"text":["(Laughter) Well, listen. This was an amazing victory for Alabama. It was a victory, I think, for decency - common decency. And it shows that Alabama was willing to put principle over party. I was very excited that my district overperformed. And I was particularly excited about the African-American turnout. You know, I think that people understood that the stakes were high. This administration has had a negative effect on our community. It's reversing a lot of the Obama-era progress that we've made. And I'm just very pleased that people showed up and showed out.","Was the role of women especially important?","Absolutely. You know, it was shown that Doug received 57 percent of all female votes. And that included 98 percent of the African-American women vote. The issues that matter most to my district affect the family and affect our children. And so I think that you really saw a major outpouring of women, especially African-American women, in this election.","On the other hand, as there always is with those journalists, Roy Moore was an especially polarizing figure, even among Republicans. Do you draw any significance from what you were able to accomplish in this election with what you think Democrats ought to be doing for 2018?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The listener asks whether women played a crucial role in the election.","questions":"How many percent of African-American women voted for Doug in the election?","answer":"98"}
{"text":["Can you help us chart out who has said what about whom?","Let me tell you what my friend Nell Minow said. She's a well-known critic of boards and observer of boards, and she said about the HP board: Is there something in the water, in which ostensibly smart people, time after time after time stub their toe?This time around, the CEO, Leo Apotheker, had bought this company, Autonomy, for $11 billion. Leo's been fired and they've written down eight billion of that $11 billion, partly in acknowledgment that the company was never worth what they originally said and partly because they're claiming accounting fraud, although the former CEO of Autonomy is vociferously saying it's not true. It's really unbelievable.","And this isn't the first time the lid's been lifting on HP.","No, it hasn't. You remember the pretexting scandal, where they were trying to track down leaks, the board was trying to track down who was leaking, and they pretexted phone companies to get phone records of reporters?You remember the big fight over Compaq computer where the children of the founders of HP, you know, opposed the deal and eventually had to leave the board?You remember the sex scandal involving Mark Hurd, two CEOs ago?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: Nell Minow believes the board of HP is incompetent for repeatedly making bad decisions, such as the purchase of Autonomy for $11 billion which has been written down to $8 billion.","questions":"Which company did the former CEO of claimed accounting fraud?","answer":"Autonomy"}
{"text":["Hopeful or not, I think the obvious answer is yes, I am a student of Zimbabwe, I am still very hopeful. But we are calling on President Thabo Mbeki of South Africa always been mandated by SADC to meet it in the Zimbabwe crisis, to look seriously in (unintelligible) and move away from this quiet diplomats which is not producing the desired result, and probably as the AU summit sits on Saturday with eight African leaders to take a position on Zimbabwe. The deployment of a peacekeeping mission is now long overdue. The people of Zimbabwe have suffered enough.","Clever, I want to thank you so much for talking with us.","You are welcome. Thank you very much.","Clever Bere is president of Zimbabwe's National Student Union. He spoke with us from Harare, Zimbabwe."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Simultaneous use of soft-laser for exposure to the cochlea and administration of Ginkgo biloba extract for 4 weeks on a 20-50% of patients has been reported to be useful. Soft-laser mechanism of action is unknown, but it has been proved that light leads to athermic stimulation of biochemical processes","questions":"What treatment has been reported to be useful for 20-50% of patients?","answer":"Treatment"}
{"text":["It's permissible. It's common. Popular culture has normalized cremation in a way 'cause - not only with the \"Fockers\" movies. There's also \"The Big Lebowski. \"That's famous with the cremated remains in the coffee can. And he goes to scatter them. And they come back in his face. That's based on reality. That happens. And now you can buy urns that are in the shape and with the same pattern as that coffee can if you're a \"Big Lebowski\" fan.","Oh. (Laughter) I'm not that big a fan. But I. . .","(Laughter).","Are there any states or cities where people are getting cremated more than others?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) implies that the speaker is not enthusiastic about the topic","questions":"What is the PersonA's level of interest in \"The Big Lebowski\"?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["The British artist David Hockney is one of the most famous artists in the world. One of his works recently sold for $90 million, smashing the record for a living artist. But he's also led an extraordinary life, breaking barriers as a gay man and defying the expectations of the art world at every turn.","In the new novel, \"The Life Of David Hockney\" (ph), author Catherine Cusset imagines the thoughts, feelings and words of Hockney at pivotal periods in his life to try and puzzle out the man. She joins us now from our studios in New York. Thank you so much for being with us.","Well, thank you for inviting me.","In the forward to this book, you wrote that David Hockney took hold of you, which is why you wrote the novel. Explain what that means."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Author Catherine Cusset imagines the thoughts, feelings and words of Hockney are made from understanding of  David Hockney.","questions":"Which aspect of David Hockney's life did Catherine Cusset try to understand in her novel?","answer":"thoughts"}
{"text":["No, physically, we're - really pretty pathetic. Offhand, I cannot think of an animal which, if your size, let's say 150 pounds, that could not absolutely obliterate you in hand-to-hand or tooth-to-incisor combat. And our dominance in the world is all thanks to this trick of coming up with these codes that enable us to remember what happened yesterday or years ago. And it has a permanence that has a tremendous advantage (laughter). It has nothing to do with the theory of evolution.","Yeah. But you say that speech bedeviled Darwin as a matter of fact.","It did. He could not figure out what it was. He assumed because of his theory that everything evolved from animals, and he didn't even include it in his theory language until he decided that it came from our imitation of the cries of birds. And I think it's misleading to say that human beings evolved from animals. I mean, actually nobody knows whether they did or not. And there are very few physical signs, except for the general resemblance between apes and humans. The big evolution, if you want to call it that, is that this one species, Homo sapiens, came up with this ingenious trick, which is language.","Are you concerned, Mr.  Wolfe, or are you resolutely not concerned that people who don't believe in evolution for religious reasons, not scientific ones, are going to begin to cite your work as some kind of scientific proof?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In turn (3), the actual meaning is that humans did not physically evolve from apes, but rather evolved through the development of language, which is a unique trait of the Homo sapiens species. The word \"evolved\" here does not refer to physical evolution, but rather to the emergence and development of language as a tool.","questions":"How did humans evolve according to the speaker in turn 2?","answer":"Language"}
{"text":["Two different things.","There's gun violence and then there's hate crimes. And they intersect, but they're not the same.","And as we heard from the congressman - or the former congressman - we are already seeing reactions questioning the president, what his administration has done to combat white nationalism, if anything, if he's done anything to fuel it. The Democratic presidential candidates, others including Mayor Pete Buttigieg, Senator Amy Klobuchar, have accused the president of using hateful rhetoric. And it does come at a time where there is a rise in racial tension and white nationalist violence in this country. FBI Director Christopher Wray was on Capitol Hill less than two weeks ago in which he said they had made at least a hundred domestic terror arrests since just October. The majority of them were related to white supremacist violence. So it is coming at a time where both gun laws are an intractable debate in this country and racial tensions are at a - I don't want to say an all-time high but are certainly elevated at this very moment.","And so how does that affect the political calculus in Washington at this particular time?We are seeing Democrats obviously trying to get the nomination for the Democratic presidency and also of course Republicans running into 2020."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Fueling it means that he made the idea gain more followers.","questions":"Which word describes what FBI Director Christopher Wray said about domestic terror arrests?","answer":"violence"}
{"text":["My pleasure.","And we will get to civilization being in danger, I assure you. But first question - you just heard our interview with our Justice Department correspondent. Is it a good or bad decision not to release the Democratic memo?","I think it's a mistake. I've read the memo. And, again, our entire society is based on, you know, counterpoints. You think this. I think that. And the Socratic process is that the truth falls out as you go through that back and forth. I think it's a mistake not to release.","I have to tell you, you're one of the first public officials I've heard quote the Socratic process. I will mark that - which raises the question that you raise, why does this budget deal put civilization in danger?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A believes that releasing the memo is necessary for the truth to come out through a process of debate and discussion, and not releasing it is a mistake.","questions":"Which process does PersonA believe is necessary for the truth to come out?","answer":"debate"}
{"text":["This is News and Notes. I'm Farai Chideya.","For decades, the Big Three auto companies have been an integral part of the U. S.  economy. Now those companies are struggling to survive and pleading for a federal bailout. General Motors, Ford and Chrysler have until Tuesday to submit a restructuring plan to Congress. For more, we've got Jerome Vaughn. He's the news program director for WDET in Detroit, Michigan. Jerome, great to have you back on the show.","Thanks. Glad to be with you.","So what we've been hearing a lot about is basically just a failure of these negotiations to move forward. Before we get to the nuts and bolts of it, from an economic level, how are people in Detroit dealing with what appears to be a reluctance on the part of the federal government to really enter into a bailout?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The Big Three auto companies are facing financial difficulties.","questions":"Which auto companies are struggling?","answer":"Big-Three"}
{"text":["So your book looked at air pollution in a number of countries, but we want to talk about a chapter that discusses the development of the Clean Air Act here in America. And you call this a landmark moment for public health. How come?","Well, the Clean Air Act of 1970 was really a revolutionary piece of legislation for its time. And I think in retrospect, it really stands as one of the most consequential laws in modern American history. A couple of congressionally commissioned studies since 1970 have found - literally - that the regulations enacted under the Clean Air Act have saved millions of American lives since that time and trillions of dollars.","So that's an extraordinary impact. It's one that's sometimes invisible to us. We obviously don't know if we haven't had a heart attack, haven't had an asthma attack, haven't lost a loved one because the air was cleaner than it otherwise would have been. But nonetheless, the science demonstrating that that's true is very solid.","You also call this the start of a new era in America's modern history - in what way?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : New era doesn't refer to a calendar date here , but rather a change in the mindset of a population","questions":"What does the phrase \"new era\" represent in the dialogue?","answer":"Change"}
{"text":["Now, when we look at this, what they're doing, there was a - you know, in some ways perhaps a minor incident, but a telling one where the British publication, the Telegraph, reported online that the G8 leaders enjoyed a six course lunch followed by an eight course dinner. African leaders were not invited and of course they're talking about the global hunger situation. There was a lot of static about that. Do you think that, that was symbolic in any way or just, you know, big time world business as usual?","Well, Farai now you're going to draw the cynical side out of me. This was an incredibly stupid, careless move, by the G8 leaders where they basically seemed to have thought off camera they could do whatever they wanted to. And they demonstrated, for all to see, the contempt actually that they have towards the rest of the world.","That they basically - they see themselves, as in effect, the rulers of this planet. So, when they're on camera there'll be the tears, there'll be the concern. Off camera you saw this hideous example of consumption.","What do you think the G8 leaders should be doing in terms of an Africa agenda?I'm going to get to a couple of specific things, specific national issues of Zimbabwe and Nigeria in a second."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The G8 leaders were careless and demonstrated contempt for the rest of the world.","questions":"Which sentiment did the G8 leaders demonstrate towards the rest of the world?","answer":"Contempt"}
{"text":["Well, just along those lines, we read reports that temperatures in the contiguous 48 states have been above average in each of the last 15 months, which has never happened for as long as people have been keeping records, and that 2012 is on track to be the warmest year ever. As we read about this record Arctic ice melt, is this a coincidence?","Well, it's all part and parcel of the same thing, but I will say that January through August of this year has been the warmest period - January through August period since 1895 when they started taking temperature records. That's in the contiguous lower 48. Alaska has actually had a fairly average year, so everything doesn't march in lockstep. But again, the situation with the ice and the Arctic is this has been accumulating over decades of warming up there, and we're finally seeing the results of that.","So this one summer was not at all a key up there. In fact, what was interesting to one of the scientists I talked to, he said, basically, you know, what was astounding about this was that there was no astounding weather pattern up there that explained this dramatic difference. It was just kind of reaching this point of where the ice was just so thin that it was just ready to crumble.","Ice is white. It reflects light. The sea is blue. It does not reflect light. It absorbs it, and thereby, the heat that comes with it."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : There was no extraordinary weather pattern to explain the dramatic ice melting in the Arctic, it was caused by the ice being too thin.","questions":"What was the cause of the dramatic ice melting in the Arctic?","answer":"Thin"}
{"text":["Does this mean human beings could return and be healthy?","I think our data don't really lend themselves to addressing that specific question for a number of reasons. Humans are much more long-lived than wild animals, so I would be cautious to extrapolate those findings to humans.","How do you explain that this area, that I think most of us consider to be a wasteland, has so much wildlife?","It was well-established that when you create large reserves and protect wildlife from everyday human activities, wildlife, generally, tend to thrive. So our study did not look at any specific health effects of animals. I think that's important to note. But what our study does suggest is that even if there are potential, subtle genetic effects, those effects are greatly overshadowed by the impacts humans have on the environment."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker is emphasizing that any potential genetic effects found in their study are insignificant compared to the overwhelming impact of human activities on the environment.","questions":"Which impact is the speaker comparing to potential genetic effects?","answer":"Environment"}
{"text":["Thank you. My mistake.",". . . Just 10 days apart.","We included France, which is nice. I apologize.","No, I'm glad to include them. Is it possible Italy will leave the eurozone, or is that just talk?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A forgot to include France in something but is apologizing for the oversight.","questions":"Which country did PersonA forget to include?","answer":"France"}
{"text":["Yes, the mother of Norway. Yeah, that was - she was scheduled to be at this camp basically from breakfast through dinner. And there was a photographer, a newspaper photographer named Sara Johannessen who had been sent to document this, to hang out with Gro for the day. Breivik had planned to kidnap her. Expecting her to be there all day, he had planned to kidnap her and videotape himself beheading her. Now - he says this now. Whether or not that's true, it's - who can really say. But Gro was supposed to be there.","The only reason she wasn't is it was a terribly, terribly rainy day. The island was muddy and sloppy, and she decided to leave early. And Sara, who had been shooting some landscapes - I mean, it's beautiful, beautiful country there - Sara almost missed it. She didn't know that Gro was leaving. And she had to sprint down the hill to catch the ferry, which turned out to be the last ferry off the island that day. And then Sara got back. When she left Utoya, she drove back to Oslo and was parking her car when the bomb went off a block away.","And she immediately went to work from a light feature on the former prime minister to documenting one of the worst incidents in Norwegian history.","Exactly. I mean, she just sprinted right towards - she sprinted towards the blast and just - yeah."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"from a light feature on the former prime minister\" - the literal meaning is a small, lighthearted article about a former prime minister. The actual meaning is a news feature on a tragic event.","questions":"What was the subject of the light feature?","answer":"Former"}
{"text":["So, tell us about those. There's one called the U6, I understand.","Well, U4, U5, U6 and they are all subsets of - each one is the previous one plus another group of unemployed. So, to go from U3 to U4, we add a group of people called discouraged workers. These are people who have given up looking for jobs even though they want a job. Then there's a different group called the marginally-attached worker, and that's somebody who isn't looking for a job but wants one. And there's another group of people who are working part time, but want a full-time job, but can't find them. If you take the broadest measure, the U6 measure of unemployment, we're talking about 11. 8 percent, and those are numbers similar to what we saw in the 1970s. That's an ugly unemployment number.","Well, why doesn't the government count that number or use that number when reporting these numbers?","Do you really have to ask that question?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : It's a well-known fact that the government doesn't report accurate numbers.","questions":"How is the government's reporting accuracy?","answer":"inaccurate"}
{"text":["And both the Republican, Mark Harris, and the Democrat, Dan McCready, have weighed in on these allegations. What have they said?","So McCready went first. He said on Thursday that Harris has bankrolled criminal activity. That's a reference to a Bladen County political operative who pushed people to vote absentee by mail and then allegedly illegally harvested their ballots.","Now wait. When you say harvested, that means, you know, picking them up, opening them and discarding the ones you don't want?","Well, not necessarily. It definitely means that he picked them up from voters, which is illegal in North Carolina. You know, in this state, once you - it's your mail ballot, and you're responsible for getting it to the mailbox or to the Board of Elections. So this operative kind of went and collected them. We don't know exactly what he did with them."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Even though the narrator already explained the word it is still needs a repeat as harvested means already gathered from the field.   ","questions":"What does the word \"harvested\" mean?","answer":"Gathered"}
{"text":["Yeah, well, this is an excellent question. First of all, the thing that they looked back to if they wanted to think back to a time of real hardship, it would have been the depression of the early 1890s, which was about as close to them as the depression is to us, but closer actually. So, in the 1890s, you had upwards of 20 percent unemployment.","This was caused by some crisis to do with a run on the U. S.  dollar, and gold flowing out of the United States Treasury and so forth, and so on. And you had really large numbers of the unemployed straggling along American roads looking for work. This is in an age of a lot of anxiety about hobos, and tramps, and the threat to public order that they might have represented.","And I think if we had had motion pictures from the 1890s, we would probably regard that as a great depression. But the key thing maybe to think about there is, it wasn't obviously going to be the great depression by Christmas 1929. And maybe, even it wasn't obviously going to be the great depression by Christmas 1930. It was something that kind of crept slowly and sickeningly upon people.","And this thesis that really it's the information revolution, it's the online world in exchange of all that we know, this thesis probably is not such a big factor, you think, in what's going on."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The depression of the early 1890s was the closest event of real hardship that people could compare to the Great Depression","questions":"What event was the closest hardship that people compared to the Great Depression?","answer":"1890s"}
{"text":["And then I decided to come out. Now it's been going on several hours. I'm several streets away from the Champs-Elysees, Scott, but the people - it's like it's the second revolution coming because people are turning over - they're building barricades in the street. We're still - we've got helicopters overhead. They're still firing tear gas. And everyone around me is wearing a yellow vest.","Now, fuel prices have gone up - I have read, I think - 23 percent over the past year. And protesters blame the government for this.","Well, the government - the French pay some of the highest gas prices in the world, like, about more than $6 a gallon, Scott. And the government says it's going to raise the taxes again in January to finance the transition to an ecological economy - you know, more environmentally friendly fuels.","And, you know, for people who have to drive to work - blue-collar workers, just everyday people - this is outrageous. They say they can't make it anymore, so they've come out into the street. And, Scott, this movement has no leaders. There are no unions behind it. There are housewives. There are retirees - regular people. There are people who have never protested before. So it's turned into a movement. No one knows where it's going to go now."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The unemployment rate is expected to rise to 8 percent, which is a significant increase.","questions":"What is the expected percentage rise in unemployment?","answer":"8"}
{"text":["You know, he wrote that in all caps. This tweet was then followed by a statement from Taiwan's government that contradicted what Trump had just tweeted, saying that the call between the two leaders was set up by both sides in advance. Soon after that, Trump seemed to dig himself an even bigger diplomatic hole by tweeting (reading) interesting how the U. S.  sells Taiwan billions of dollars of military equipment, but I should not accept a congratulatory call.","So from his Twitter posts, it does seem like he's genuinely flummoxed about why his conversation with Taiwan's president was seen as such a big deal. On the other hand, though, it's certainly possible that this could have been a calculated signal that Trump's team of advisers was sending to China's leadership. It's important to mention here that Trump's advisers on China are a very hawkish group. They've written, in the past, about the importance of Taiwan. And it's likely they would approve of testing China's leadership like this.","Thanks very much, NPR's Rob Schmitz.","Thanks."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : thanking the NPR reporter, so it does not have a different actual meaning from its literal meaning. ","questions":"What is the action taken by PersonB towards NPR's Rob Schmitz?","answer":"Thanking"}
{"text":["Here to tell us more about that report is the vice chair of the commission, former senator from Missouri, Jim Talent. Welcome to the program, sir. And if you could tell us a bit about this report. It states that the biological threat to this country is greater than the nuclear one. What sort of biological threat are we talking about?","Well, people normally think in terms of like Anthrax, and that's the most visible potential pathogen. There's others that could be used, smallpox, for example. And one of the dangers is that, with DNA synthesizers that are available and dual-use technology all over the world, it's becoming increasingly easy to isolate pathogens, old or new. It's technologically easier to weaponize.","Can you tell me a little bit about how you conducted the research for this report?","We're a follow onto the 9\/11 commission, congressionally created, bipartisan. The report was unanimous, and we interviewed hundreds of people who travel all over the world, everywhere from the national labs in Sandia, to London, to Asia, to Russia interviewing people.","And then we all, each of us on the commission, has experience in this area as well. And what Congress wanted was an update on the assessment of the threat and then recommendations about what can be done to reduce it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : There are other pathogens that could be used as weapons besides Anthrax","questions":"How is smallpox considered in terms of potential pathogen?","answer":"Smallpox"}
{"text":["So it's sort of the end of era, then, for all of us who have seen him and visited the Galapagos and got to watch him poke around a little bit. It's sort of the end of an era.","It is definitely the end of an era, and everyone down here on last Sunday, when we got the news, it was a very difficult time for all of us both for the individual Lonesome George and for the fact that we lost this subspecies forever.","It also was an interesting thing here because it kind of reinforced the importance of the work we do and the future and trying to ensure that no other species or subspecies are lost in Galapagos. And the timing itself is interesting, as we have an international workshop planned for next week that is convened by the Galapagos National Park and part-organized by Galapagos Conservancy to discuss the tortoise situation on all of the islands and look at the next 10 years of research and management leading to better tortoise population restoration throughout the archipelago.","Have you been able to restore the populations to any extent?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Have you been able to restore the populations to any extent?\" This turn has a literal meaning. It asks whether any progress has been made in increasing the population of the tortoises.","questions":"\"How did PersonB respond to the news about Lonesome George and the subspecies?\" (The answer is \"Have you been able to restore the populations to any extent?\")","answer":"Restore"}
{"text":["Let me just unpack that. SIT: sexually transmitted infection?","Yes.","That's - okay. So, you've got a lot of diversity in the book, people of all races. Did you make a choice as to how to portray not just body size diversity of issue diversity, but also racial diversity?","Well, absolutely. I think that it's very important for a variety of reasons. Number one: Women need to be able to see themselves in print. So I made sure to include Asian women, Indian women, black, Hispanic women, white women, all shapes and sizes and all different types of bodies - not just super skinny, not just very large, but everybody in between: flat butts, big butts, big boobs, little boobs. . .","Everything's in \"Body Drama. \"And I did that because we want to see ourselves, but we're also really curious about what other people look like. And it's that information and acknowledgement that can really help us get over our own body drama, by seeing, oh, wow - I hear this from all the girls who look at the book. Oh, okay. My boobs aren't that bad after all.","And I'd take that to mean that women are sitting around looking in the mirror and then looking at the airbrushed magazines and looking at the surgically enhanced pornography. And when you see actual, real representations of bumpy nipples, of large areola, of imperfect sizes, where one is bigger than the other, then you can look in the mirror and say, all right. Well, actually, I am normal."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : Everything's in \"Body Drama.\" And I did that because we want to see ourselves, but we're also really curious about what other people look like. And it's that information and acknowledgement that can really help us get over our own body drama, by seeing, oh, wow - I hear this from all the girls who look at the book. Oh, okay. My boobs aren't that bad after all.  Actual meaning: Including a variety of body types in the book can help women feel more comfortable with their own bodies by showing them that others have similar experiences. Literal meaning: The book \"Body Drama\" includes information on a variety of body types because people are curious about what others look like.","questions":"Which book can help women feel more comfortable with their own bodies?","answer":"Body-Drama"}
{"text":["Which is what they do.","This is what they do, in the equivalent amount to one or 10 bad eggs or so. And they plated it out over time on these little plates. And if you put the sample on on the plate right after you add the salmonella. It looks like a lawn. I mean, the bacteria. . .","Petri dishes full of lawn.","(Unintelligible)."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Actual meaning implies that the bacteria has grown and spread across the plates, creating the appearance of a lawn.","questions":"Which appearance?","answer":"Lawn-like"}
{"text":["Adventure on the high seas is a concept that has captured our imagination - stepping onto a ship, waving goodbye to your friends, family, land and sailing off toward the horizon. But once a ship leaves its shore, it's also sailing beyond the reach of law and order. Piracy, murder, exploitation, sea slavery, gun running, intentional dumping - the criminal activity off shore is so extensive and so diverse that investigative reporter Ian Urbina continued reporting after his 2015 multipart series for The New York Times. All that reporting is contained now in his new book called \"The Outlaw Ocean. \"And he joins me now. Welcome.","Thanks for having me.","And we should remind people that we are deeply dependent on the ocean, both in and of itself, of course, and also as a means of how we get things and what we consume.","Yeah. Ninety percent of what we consume from iPhones to running shoes comes across the sea on cargo vessels, and 50% of the oxygen we breathe is produced by the oceans. And seafood is a massively expanding source of protein for much of the planet. The oceans are the temperature stabilizer for countering climate change's effect. So in all these ways, it's a pretty essential part of the planet."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : To consume from iPhones and running shoes meaning that people buy phones and shoes rather than eat them.","questions":"What is a massively expanding source of protein for much of the planet?","answer":"Seafood"}
{"text":["MR. PAGE: OK.","Yesterday, Keith Reid, who is one of our regular economics contributors, said that there could be a new New Deal, meaning the government will create jobs directly. Do you think that's possible?","You know, I tend to - well, it's certainly popular with Democrats, the idea of public works, and it's already worked in Chicago, Obama's adopted home town. Mayor Daley's gotten a long way with that. But I suspect he may be kind of a new frontier kind of president, at least initially, and that's the John F.  Kennedy model, where he raised the morale of the country and rallied people together for joint action to tackle common problems instead of coming out with public works programs.","All right. Clarence, thank you."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : new frontier in this context means that the president is different, or does something differently","questions":"How is the president described in turn 2?","answer":"different"}
{"text":["You've got lots of reasons to be concerned about this economy, not the least of which is the fact that the Federal Reserve Chair Ben Bernanke has done yet another interest rate cut. And the question is, how many more cuts can he do?He has so many arrows in his quiver.","So, we're looking at a very fragile economy. And certainly, the employment piece is the most important piece for most Americans because most people don't have trust funds or extra money. Many who do have home equity have it tapped out. The way that 90 percent of us support ourselves is that we work every day, and increasing numbers of people don't have employment opportunities.","When you look at what's happening right now, there were - there have been times when there are certain, you know, white collar jobs that have really gotten hit hard, I'm thinking of the computer industry, the technology industry in the '90s when there was that dot bomb era. But is this really, for now, more of a blue collar job loss or is it mixed?","It's really a mixed bag. You see many corporations who are downsizing, they call it rightsizing, who are cutting even if it's by as little as 5 percent, Farai, it adds up. We see state governments also looking at a drop in revenue coming in because of a drop in tax revenue, and they are thinking of cutting in \u2014 may have already done some cutting."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"the employment piece\" is a metaphorical phrase that refers to the importance of employment in the overall economic situation, rather than an actual physical piece.","questions":"What is the metaphorical piece that is referred to when discussing the importance of employment in the economy?","answer":"Employment"}
{"text":["Exactly. I mean, just how it sounds. You know, there's three guys on the court for each team, instead of five. I guess a close parallel might be what they did for the Olympics, bringing in beach volleyball to accompany, you know, regular volleyball. So it's a little bit like that.","And you play outdoors, right?","Outdoors, yep, in some beautiful venues, too, yeah. Here in Amsterdam, we're outside the Rijksmuseum, you know, one of the biggest museums in Amsterdam.","Oh, my gosh. That's a beautiful museum."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The fact that the game is played outdoors is being confirmed.","questions":"How is the location of the game being described?","answer":"outdoors"}
{"text":["One sergeant in the Green Berets told you - and this gives you some sense of the intensity of what went on - I've never seen that many rocket-propelled grenades in my career.","That's correct. He's an 11-year veteran of the Green Beret team, so he's pretty much seen it all in Iraq and Afghanistan. And he said it was almost, you know, cinematic. This particular attack seemed so highly orchestrated that they just felt like, you know - that they were throwing everything that they could at them.","Why weren't the Afghan military forces in Ghazni able to repel this Taliban attack?","The local forces had communication problems. They weren't able to really strategize about how to beat back the Taliban forces. They were overwhelmed in a lot of ways, despite the fact that they're flush with U. S. -supplied weaponry, at that. There were reports of Afghan military firing on their own forces, as well as American convoys. And there were reports that they had delivered the wrong supplies to police departments that were in desperate need of more ammunition. So really, what it came down to was that they needed the U. S.  Special Forces and Afghan commandos, which is special forces of sorts for the Afghans, to be able to have strategy, to be able to communicate with one another and to be able to act in concert rather than these sort of disparate skirmishes.","That adds up to a pretty damning appraisal of the Afghan military's readiness."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The green berets are a military organization that wears green berets.","questions":"How did the sergeant describe the intensity of the attack in Ghazni?","answer":"Damning"}
{"text":["Seems like air conditioners break down when they're needed most - when it's hottest - and furnaces give out when it's coldest - when they have to pump out the most heat. What has this fearsome winter been like for a heating repair technician?We turn now to Doug Braford, who works all shifts in Cleveland, where temperatures hit record lows in February. Mr.  Braford joins us from the studios of the idea stream, WCPN in Cleveland. Thanks so much for being with us.","You're welcome. It's good to be here.","So tough few weeks?","Yeah, it's been a tough season this year. You know, it's definitely been a winter that's held on and really hasn't given us too many breaks."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : 1) is a statement about air conditioners and furnaces breaking down in extreme weather conditions.","questions":"What kind of temperatures hit Cleveland in February?","answer":"Record"}
{"text":["So I - you either roll your eyes or you laugh at what politicians will do in support of their most fundamental instincts, which as I said is to preserve their own political viability.","It strikes me as not being all that different from what the Chinese badminton team did to try to get a better opponents in the next round.","Well, except there's one difference, right?The badminton team got thrown out of the Olympics. And in this one, if it works, you get elected to the U. S.  Senate.","It's also interesting, Senator McCaskill has said previously she's going to be much too busy campaigning to go to the Democratic National Convention to be photographed, presumably, with President Obama. She doesn't want to do that. I would think, now, congressman Akin may find himself much too busy to go to Tampa."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : roll your eyes implies to ignore or pretend nothing happens and not rolling the eyes on the ground ","questions":"How do politicians preserve their own political viability according to A?","answer":"Ignore"}
{"text":["And I understand you are going to stay with us for at least a - the half hour to kind of help us understand the context of this, so we thank you for that. But let's just start with this week. I think a lot of people feel that this has been a particularly violent week. You've been tracking all known instances of gun violence in the United States since 2013, so what do you think?I mean, does this week stand out?","The last eight days really do. We've had four incidents of over 10 killed or injured, and that's unusual in an eight-day, 10-day period. We've had nine incidents over the last year and four of them in the last eight days.","And the archive home page keeps a list of statistics. And I do want to mention to people that this is available to the public. That's part of the purpose of your archives - so that the public can have sort of a shared set of facts here. It lists 253 total mass shootings in 2019 as of today. First of all, how do you define mass shooting?And secondly, how does this year compared to others so far?","Well, we define mass shootings as any incident where four or more victims are shot or killed. And we make that distinction because we believe that it's very important that we look at the injured as well as those killed. So anything that is four or more, that reaches that threshold - that's considered a mass shooting."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : AGREE WITH THE TURN AND IMPLIED MEANING AND BELIVE THAT EVERYONE","questions":"How does PersonA define mass shootings?","answer":"Four"}
{"text":["So expect some of them to say, look, we promised Italians to change this country, we're going to do that. And so they already proved that in Bologna, where I am, actually. It's - they've been successfully here in Emilia-Romagna. They were successfully in Parma and in Sicily. They cut deals all the time, American style, really cutting deals on the legislative floor without the parties, and they were very successful.","Well, you've said what you thought should happen. What's your best guess as to what you think will happen?","My bet is that they will find some way - some agreement with - between the Democratic Party and Beppe Grillo's Five Star Movement. Actually, quite - they share - they both are sort on the liberal side of things, to use an American category. They're not right-winger at all. That's my prediction. If Beppe Grillo refuses to do that, he risks, number one, a kind of split within his party, number one.","And number two, if we go back to the polls in ruins next year, with, you know, the (unintelligible) and problem with our bonds, and all that, I think Beppe Grillo will have the hard time to tell Italians, look, I have so many votes and I just threw them away. And I think next time, he's going to have not 25, 30 percent, but 10 percent. It's not in his interest to do that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : 'he risks a kind of split within his party' means there is a possibility of division within the party, not literally splitting into two parts.","questions":"What is the risk for Beppe Grillo's party if he refuses to make an agreement with the Democratic Party?","answer":"votes"}
{"text":["One of the things that struck me is some of the comments by some of the women. They don't necessarily see themselves as beautiful. They did not see in themselves the thing that you saw in them. Did you find that to be common?I'm thinking in particular of the sisters from Switzerland with the red hair who said they'd been made fun of as children because of the color of their hair. And you were drawn to them.","During the project, I did realize that women that I photographed were not confident in their way of being. So whenever I posted their picture on my social media, we got a lot of comments and positive reaction from the people. So the women that I photographed, after that, they realized how beautiful they are. That was extraordinary for them and for me because it gives them confidence.","How did this project change you?","I'm much more confident. I'm much more respectful of what the other women in the world have to go through every day because the life is so difficult in so many parts of the world. And this project was a huge gift in my life. And this is why I'm trying to put it out there in the world for people to understand that the world is extremely beautiful. And we should really appreciate everything that's happening in our life."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The women that were photographed did not see themselves as beautiful before the project","questions":"Which group of women did the photographer find extraordinary?","answer":"Swiss"}
{"text":["It's a bit of a fly in the ointment for ethical Sarah Palin. There's - in the last month or so, there's been increasing attention paid to an incident in which her opponent say, she pressured her public safety commissioner to fire her sister's ex-husband. He's a trooper and what they're saying is that she was trying to get him canned. She denies this, but there's a lot of evidence that suggests - that things are a little more complicated than that and the legislature is investigating now.","Now, she's known as a maverick. She's bucked the establishment so in that way, she compares favorably to John McCain. And tell us a bit more about how she compares with him.","Well, she certainly loves his maverick image. She likes the fact that he challenges the party hierarchy as she has done, and so she's been early McCain supporter on that score. She's got more of a social conservative background than he does, and that may very well be why she's on the ticket because she's got more of those bona fides. But at the same time, some people in Alaska point out that in the two years she's in office so far, she hasn't actually made any big moves on the social conservative front. That she's, you know, she calls herself a social conservative, and certainly has those values, but (unintelligible) necessarily done a lot about it.","Social conservative, she's very pro-life."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Sarah Palin may have pressured the public safety commissioner to fire her sister's ex-husband","questions":"What is the incident that has been receiving increasing attention in the last month or so?","answer":"Commissioner"}
{"text":["So at this Fountain Hills rally he started to talk, and it's weird because he's not really saying anything. There's a lot of strange, empty assertions and kind of conservative talking points, you know, the wall and all this kind of stuff. But there is definitely an energy ripple that goes out.","And when I went out to the protesters at the time that he started speaking, they reported there was a change in the energy of the people walking by them. Suddenly there was hostility and swearing. And a woman was grabbed by the breast and thrown to the ground, and a rock was thrown. And so the correlation between his voice going out and people's behavior was observable in the place.","You ended this piece saying that you never before imagined that what you called the fragile American experiment could fail, but now you can. Why?","Well, because the way that media falls on our mind and then inflects it has changed so much. You know, as a fiction writer, one of things you learn is God lives in specificity. You know, human kindness is increased as we pursue specificity."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The implied meaning of this turn is that A is implying that the way media is consumed has changed drastically, and this could lead to the failure of the American experiment.","questions":"How is PersonA's concern about the media's impact on the American experiment?","answer":"media"}
{"text":["I'm bullish on it. It's a big change. We're working through all the challenges. One challenge is for creators. They use Instagram to make a living. Likes are a sign of how relevant they are, so we have to figure out some way to make sure we preserve that.","You're talking about influencers. Right?I mean, there are people who now essentially make a living off of their social media presence. And the way they show potential advertisers - look, I'm a good bet - is how many likes I get.","Absolutely. We've actually had a pretty mixed response from influencers. So I think - I'm optimistic to answer your question very directly. We aren't there yet. We're still iterating on the experience. But I am personally optimistic and really personally invested in making it work.","So the boss is bullish. (Laughter) That's the take so far."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The person refuses to change their mind on what they think about the situation.","questions":"Which person's response shows optimism about the situation?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["It would basically just restore a tax on stock compensation income in our city. And this is a tax that actually existed prior to 2012, when we started granting tax breaks to grow the tech sector in our city. And the revenue would be used to address the growing inequality crisis in our city, to expand affordable housing for working-class and middle-class residents, to support and stabilize our small businesses here in the city that are struggling and haven't benefited from the same tax breaks.","And just to be clear, you've written this proposal so that this tax would apply to IPOs that have already recently happened, like Lyft and Pinterest. And we should note that your proposal still needs to be passed by the San Francisco Board of Supervisors, and then it would go directly to the voters on the ballot in November.","Exactly. I mean, it's still - there's still going to be a lot of public process and debate about this.","OK.  Now, one of your colleagues on the board of supervisors told the San Francisco Chronicle that it's, quote, \"arrogant\" to think that tech companies won't leave the city if they are taxed more aggressively. Are you worried about that risk, that your tax proposal might drive some tech companies out of San Francisco?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"proposal still needs to be passed by the San Francisco Board of Supervisors\" - Literal meaning: the proposal requires approval from the Board of Supervisors. Actual meaning: the proposal is still in the process of being reviewed and discussed by the relevant authorities.","questions":"What is the name of the authority that needs to approve the proposal?","answer":"Supervisors"}
{"text":["Do you ever feel that way, you're just so tired of singing, but you know you have to because that song is so closely associated with who you are?","Well \"Band of Gold\" would be it, but by the time I get to the end of the show, and I'm coming back for that last encore\u2026","(Singing) Now that you're gone, all that's left is a band of gold\u2026","A lot of times, I will do \"Band of Gold,\" and as a matter of fact, I - and I find that it's a good thing because I see people in the audience just light up, like (unintelligible)\u2026"],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Do you ever feel that way, you're just so tired of singing, but you know you have to because that song is so closely associated with who you are?\" - The implied meaning here is that the person is feeling tired of singing a particular song, but they feel obligated to continue performing it because it is an integral part of their identity and public persona.","questions":"What song is closely associated with \"A's\" identity and public persona?","answer":"Band-of-Gold"}
{"text":["Reptilian, exactly, and now we know that many species of dinosaurs had feathers or simple filaments that seem to be feather precursors in some cases.","Do your findings come from the relatively recent discovery that some dinosaurs had feathers?Is this sort of, like, the next step?","We are sort of taking the next. In the last 10 years, we've discovered that we can gain insight into the colors of dinosaurs and how they may have used visual signals in important contexts. And so what we wanted to ask is, can we gain insight into the vocal communication that extinct dinosaurs might have had?","Well, so what's next for you in your research?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  is actually asking if A's findings are related to the discovery that some dinosaurs had feathers, rather than just asking for a literal explanation of the findings.","questions":"Which inquiry is PersonB making by asking if PersonA's findings are related to the discovery that some dinosaurs had feathers?","answer":"relation"}
{"text":["And he didn't live much longer did he?","No. He was - he went back to Vermont, discovered that he had cancer, and dying probably six or eight months after that. One of the things that is very difficult to convey to outsiders is the extent to which heartbreak played such a physical, tangible role in people's decline after the storm, and that certainly people had ailments that may have been bothering them even before the storm, but it seemed that the psychological and emotional toll of the failure of the levees really was that much more exacerbated. You find people who may have had blood pressure problems all their lives suddenly dying of stokes, and we in New Orleans believe firmly that that was because of the pressures brought about as a result of the hurricane and the failure of the levees.","Is that why some people refer to this documentary as a requiem?","Indeed. I mean, we like to refer to it more as a love poem for the city because much of what we really focus on is not the storm at all. A lot of it is to tell you about how important this neighborhood was, to give you some sense of what it feels like to be in the middle of a street parade in the Faubourg Treme. Give you a sense of what our musicians are dealing with and talking about. Give you some sense of what people are writing about. We hesitate to call this a Katrina film. It really is a love poem to New Orleans."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : NOTHING IS NOT GOOD.SO IT WAS A VERY MEANING FULL","questions":"Which word describes the significance of the experience described in the statement?","answer":"Significance"}
{"text":["U3 is the classic headline number. What is the total unemployment as most people commonly understand it?It's a somewhat narrow definition of unemployment, and there are actually much broader definitions of unemployment.","So, tell us about those. There's one called the U6, I understand.","Well, U4, U5, U6 and they are all subsets of - each one is the previous one plus another group of unemployed. So, to go from U3 to U4, we add a group of people called discouraged workers. These are people who have given up looking for jobs even though they want a job. Then there's a different group called the marginally-attached worker, and that's somebody who isn't looking for a job but wants one. And there's another group of people who are working part time, but want a full-time job, but can't find them. If you take the broadest measure, the U6 measure of unemployment, we're talking about 11. 8 percent, and those are numbers similar to what we saw in the 1970s. That's an ugly unemployment number.","Well, why doesn't the government count that number or use that number when reporting these numbers?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : There are broader definitions of unemployment beyond U3.","questions":"How is the U6 measure of unemployment classified?","answer":"shopping"}
{"text":["Oh.",". . . You know, for the courts to go through. And maybe this issue will come all the way to the Supreme Court. Car companies, they need at least five years certainty to design a car, and they don't have that. So unless there is an agreement with California, they're going to find themselves dealing with uncertainty, which means, you know, lack of stability for the industry as a whole. It's pretty bad for the companies.","To what degree, is it your impression, automakers see the reduction of pollution as part of their responsibility in this country now?","Well, you know, clearly, what they will tell you is that they care about climate change. But also, they're worrying about competitiveness. Back in 2012, when we set the standards for cars, the U. S.  was ahead of every other country. China is doing better than us now and so is Europe. So companies realize that the way forward is to invest on advanced technologies, like electric vehicles. And if they don't, they're going to stay behind, and they're going to lose the competitiveness in the marketplace."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Car companies need at least five years certainty to design a car, but without an agreement with California, they will have to deal with uncertainty, which means instability for the industry as a whole.","questions":"What is the reason for car companies to worry about instability in the industry?","answer":"Uncertainty."}
{"text":["No. I mean, not really. We are in uncharted territory here in Kenya. When the court threw out the first case, it was the first time an African court threw out the victory of a sitting president. So, you know, this court has shown courage and independence. But the ground has shifted. The judges have been openly intimidated. And one of their bodyguards was shot last month. So they're under intense pressure. And who knows how they will rule?I think what we know for sure is that whatever they decide, it's bound to have serious consequences on the streets.","That's NPR's Eyder Peralta in Nairobi. Thank you so much.","Thank you, Lulu.","(SOUNDBITE OF EL TEN ELEVEN'S \"THINKING LOUDLY\""],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It implies that the judicial system is at jeopardy.","questions":"Which court?","answer":"Kenya"}
{"text":["I stopped the clocks because, A - my contract was running out, and, yes, I am eligible for retirement 'cause I'm 72 now. But the hand-wound ones, they're big cast iron weights. If the weights, when they run out, fell over, it would take three men to reconnect all the wires going through the pulleys and things, so it was on a safety grounds that I stopped them.","Why did you stop both hands at 12?","Well, I stopped them at 12 o'clock because every time I get a clock on my working license, and my father-in-law before me, people seem to think, oh, that clock is at 12 o'clock. And they look at their watch or something, and they'll say, oh, it's stopped. Whereas if I left it at any time, they don't seem to pick it up quick enough.","Well, Mr.  Mitchell, may I ask, are there a lot of other people doing a job like yours or is that number dwindling these days?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"every time I get a clock on my working license [...] they'll say, oh, it's stopped.\" The literal meaning of \"it's stopped\" is that the clock is no longer measuring time. However, the actual meaning is that people mistakenly assume that the clock is stopped because it is set to 12 o'clock.","questions":"What do people assume when they see a clock set to 12 o'clock according to PersonA in the dialogue?","answer":"Stopped"}
{"text":["And they would need 60 votes to do that bill, which means they would need at least eight Democrats and probably more to come on board to essentially re-pass some form of health care legislation to offer insurance to people on the individual market. I think realistic people in this debate on both sides of the equation say that is the most unrealistic option at this stage.","Do you hear any concern from Republican leaders or individual Republican legislators about the public opinion polls that suggest that the Republican health care proposals are extravagantly unpopular, less than 20 percent?","They are fully aware of how unpopular this legislation is. But I will tell you, Scott, every single conversation I have had with a Republican lawmaker on Capitol Hill is they say not doing anything on health care - letting this bill fail - is the worst possible political outcome because it is the singular thing that they have all campaigned on. It is the reason why they believe they have congressional majorities in the White House. And to fail on that would completely deflate the Republican base and structurally weaken the party going into the midterm elections.","But Mitch McConnell at the same time can't pull some Democrats over with a plan."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Is it possible for Mitch McConnell to get support from Democrats for a plan?","questions":"How would the Republican base be affected if the health care bill fails?","answer":"Deflate"}
{"text":["You mean somebody rational?","Yeah, someone he could work with.","Yeah.","That would be very good."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  Turn (2) implies that the speaker is looking for someone who is reasonable and easy to work with, ","questions":"What quality is the speaker looking for in the person they want to work with?","answer":"Reasonable"}
{"text":["Well, she took a very strong stance and decided to convoke a disciplinary meeting at the headquarters of the National Front to reprimand officially and potentially exclude her father from the party he himself created 40 years ago.","She put out a statement that said, quote, \"her father seems to have entered a veritable spiral between a scorched-earth strategy and a political suicide. \"That's. . .","Yeah.",". . . Not making peace there, certainly."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  B: \"her father seems to have entered a veritable spiral between a scorched-earth strategy and a political suicide.\" The statement uses a metaphorical description of the father's behavior, comparing it to a downward spiral.","questions":"What is the metaphorical description of the father's behavior?","answer":"Spiral"}
{"text":["I would love that, and we would absolutely love that.","And watch The Daily Show tonight. I'll be on it.","Oh, absolutely.","Great."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Suggesting that the other person should watch The Daily Show to see the speaker's appearance.","questions":"How can you describe the PersonA's appearance in one word?","answer":"Watch"}
{"text":["Lauren, can you help us appreciate the reaction of the Spanish public at this point?","Well, the Spanish public has not looked favorably, perhaps unsurprisingly, on this investigation. The royal family's approval ratings are at record lows. King Juan Carlos is 76 years old. He's been in and out of hospitals for the past few years and the most infamous health scare he had was two years ago when he broke his hip while on a very expensive elephant hunting trip in Africa.","The public only found out about his safari when he broke his hip and had to be flown home to Spain. The trip cost several times the average Spaniard's annual salary so that elephant hunt did not go over well here. But in general, this investigation into the princess' finances has served as a sort of reckoning for the country. A few years ago, when Spain's economy was booming, nobody really bothered to examine anyone's finances carefully, from the royals to the construction companies that were building like mad all over Spain to regular people's taxes. And now, everything is being examined and Spaniards are realizing that just like them, even their princess may have been living way beyond her means.","Lauren Frayer in Madrid, thanks so much."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  is that the investigation into the princess' finances has served as a lesson to the Spanish public that they are not above the law and should be held accountable","questions":"Which investigation has served as a lesson to the Spanish public?","answer":"Princess"}
{"text":["Well, surprisingly there really aren't many regulations for consumer drones. There are some important rules that you have to stick to. You can't fly within five miles of an airport without special permission. You're not allowed to fly in heavily populated areas or over sports stadiums. You can only fight at altitudes of 400 feet or less. And you can't fly in D. C.  because someone crashed a drone on the White House lawn, so. . .","So all of D. C.  is out.","All of D. C.  is out, yes.","You know, I understand, or at least I saw on \"Law & Order\" years ago, that ignorance of the law is no defense. But I'd venture to say a lot of people are a little foggy on exactly how far they are from the airport."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : a little foggy implies that the people do not have exact information","questions":"How does \"a little foggy\" describe people's knowledge of the distance from the airport?","answer":"Imprecise"}
{"text":["Is anyone doing that research?","Well, I have the good fortune of working on an NSF career ward myself, entitled tornado-resilient communities. And we're sort of scratching the surface here, trying to first of all apply what knowledge we know from our wind hazard research here in Florida and all the work that has been done by the emergency management and the building codes here.","But beyond that, I'm working with manufacturers of adhesive products and so on to develop new ways, new, more resistant ways in which we can actually get these buildings held together.","You think some sort of building Super Glue?Is that what you're talking about?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : They are just beginning and working with the first part of the data.","questions":"Which part of the data are they working with?","answer":"First"}
{"text":["Seems that this year, more Americans are making their electoral preferences known from the hereafter. Katie Falzone is vice president for operations at Legacy. com. They host obituaries for newspapers and funeral homes. She joins us now from the studios of WBEZ in Chicago, where, of course, deceased Americans can always vote. Thanks very much for being with us, Ms.  Falzone.","Thank you, Scott.","So has this really stepped up this election year.","It definitely has. I recently pulled some numbers from our site and found, you know, over the course of the past few election cycles, we've seen a huge increase. So the first year I looked at was comparing June to June numbers for the 2003-2004. We only had five references to political candidates in obituaries. This year, 119."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The increased number of references to political candidates in obituaries suggests that more Americans are making their preferences known from the afterlife this election year.","questions":"Which year had only five references to political candidates in obituaries?","answer":"2003-2004"}
{"text":["That's fantastic. As you looked around, though, people might say, don't your teammates get a little jealous?Might they want to take a shot every once in a while?","Yeah. I mean, it was really cool. My shots were falling in the first half, and they kept feeding me the ball. And at half-time, I had 58 points and my teammates were more ecstatic. And they were so happy for me, and they said they were going to keep feeding me the ball. And so I couldn't ask for better teammates, how unselfish and willing they were to continue to give me the ball. And after the game, they were just as happy, if not more happy, than I was that a record was broken.","I wanted to read you a quote. You may have seen it already from Kobe Bryant who said, \"That's crazy, man. I don't care what level you're at. Scoring 138 points is pretty insane. He added, \"he must have been wearing the Mambas. Only the Mambas can have no conscience to shoot the ball that much. \"The Mambas, as you know I'm sure, is the name of Kobe Bryant's shoe.","Yeah. Yeah. Kobe's - he was my favorite player growing up. So to hear him talk about my game was pretty cool.","No conscience though?Is that - that's the scorer's mentality?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Teammates were not jealous, and were happy for the speaker breaking the record.","questions":"Which record did the speaker break?","answer":"Scoring."}
{"text":["It's good to be here, Tony.","You know, you've been getting pretty hot under the collar about this issue, I understand. Why is it such a concern for you?","It's a concern for me because it's a misunderstanding that a lot of ex-convicts have. If you have a felony it has been in the past that often states do restrict or disenfranchise those who have a felony conviction. Those laws have changed over the years, and now in most states it's no longer the case, or there are means by which you can get your civil rights back. But a lot of people - a lot of ex-convicts or felons that I knew that ended up in my court system simply rested on the false notion that they did not have the ability to vote. And that ended and that kept them from further embracing or engaging in the community, and kept them separate, and apart, and not where they needed to be.","Is it a situation where an ex-felon is allowed - is entitled to have his or her voting rights restored, but the process by which those voting rights are restored is so cumbersome that they either don't know about it or they don't go through it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : under the collar implies very much concerned and restless about the situation ","questions":"Which phrase describes the emotional state of PersonA in turn 1?","answer":"Hot-under-the-collar"}
{"text":["If that was the concern initially, I've never heard it expressed in recent years. There are now so many people who have gotten out, and their stories have been corroborated by, you know, so many of these different people who've escaped that it's, you know, North Korea is as bad as they say, and perhaps even worse.","But, you know, I would like to say that the stories are also inspiring. You hear these terrible things, and sometimes I go to sleep at night thinking about the horrible stories I'd heard about life in North Korea. But at the same time, it's very positive to think that after six decades of totalitarian repression, there are people who are still longing for freedom and have the courage to go after it.","Yet it raises the question of the many more who are still inside that hell on Earth.","Indeed. And the 24,000, 25,000 who have gotten out are a drop in the bucket when you consider there are still 25 million people enslaved in North Korea. However, the North Koreans who escape are small in number, but they have provided a huge service, two ways. One is that they've educated all of us about the reality of life in North Korea. Nobody can say today that we didn't know. We now know about the gulag. We know about the way the government uses food as a political tool. We know all of this."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The statement implies that despite the small number of North Koreans who have escaped, they have provided valuable information about the reality of life in North Korea.","questions":"Which North Koreans have provided valuable information?","answer":"Defectors"}
{"text":["He just said Father Sullivan was a great orator. He was a great debater on theology - so on and so forth. And then my wife asked if there are any relatives living in the area?And he said, I don't think so. But there is a relative connection in Buffalo if you'd be interested in hearing about that. So he took us down the hall into a bigger office. He sat behind the desk. We sat on the other side. He said to my wife, are you an attorney?And she said no. He looked at me - are you an attorney?I said no. He said whatever we say here will stay in this room today. So I said to him, you know. He said, yeah, I know. I said, how do you know?He said, you look just like him.","Wow. Oh, that must have been an extraordinary moment.","Well, it was a moment that I didn't expect. And I guess, you know, it was spontaneous on his part. He's in his 80s. I pop in. He knew I existed but never thought I'd knock on his door. I went back to see him, though, about a month later to get the details of what he had told me before, and he rescinded everything he said.","And then what happened?What did you do to get to the point where you actually were able to exhume your father's body?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Whatever each person said at that time will not be repeated to anyone.","questions":"Which statement ensured the confidentiality of the conversation?","answer":"Confidentiality"}
{"text":["Honestly, it looks totally different than a Porsche looks like today. It looks more like a carriage.","Now, why was this powered by electricity as opposed to gas?","In the time when Ferdinand Porsche invented the first cars, there were three engine types competing to each other. This was gas, steam and the other engine was electrical power. And for Ferdinand Porsche, his true interest was in the field of electricity, and so he was very keen on creating very efficient electrical cars.","Efficient, so that was a consideration even then, in 1898?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In turn (4), B's response implies that the concept of efficiency was not commonly associated with automobiles in 1898. The underlying meaning could be that B is surprised or impressed that Ferdinand Porsche had already considered efficiency as an important factor in car design at that early stage.","questions":"How was PersonB impressed by Ferdinand Porsche's consideration of efficiency?","answer":"Efficiency"}
{"text":["Well, no. There is no sign of that yet. They cannot do everything the Trump administration wants because, as we've discussed before, we are asking for structural changes that are at the core of the Chinese Communist Party's governance of China. So they - no, they cannot do that.","And they're entering, remember, a very sensitive political season. You've got the 30th anniversary of the Tiananmen Massacre coming up. They need to look strong. Xi Jinping puts himself forward as sort of the all-knowing, all-powerful leader of China. And he has to seem that it - to be defending the interest of the Chinese people.","So what are the risks to the United States, if continuing to raise tariffs, if it doesn't push China to make a deal?","Well, all of these tariffs cost the American people. President Trump repeatedly says that China is simply transferring money to American coffers. But there are numerous academic studies which indicate that these costs are being borne by the American importers and increasingly by American consumers.","And China is going to be very careful when it retaliates to target consumers in sectors in the United States that are supportive of President Trump. They've already done this in targeting soybeans. They're very deft politically, and that's what they'll continue to do. So they are going to make him politically pay a price. And American consumers will pay as well."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Xi Jinping needs to appear strong and defend the interest of the Chinese people during the sensitive political season","questions":"Which political season?","answer":"Sensitive"}
{"text":["You described some playwrights, Beckett, for example, as somebody whose work seems to back away from you the closer you get it. But Miller's play, you say, is not like that.","No. It wasn't like - my experience with Chekhov and Beckett was just what you'd call - that they get harder and harder as you go. But with \"Salesman,\" surprisingly, because it's fully as great a play as those others, it did welcome us and come toward us day by day. And then, we did a fairly smart thing, which is that we had a workshop just for ourselves for almost a month, and nobody ever saw it and we didn't perform it, but we just worked on it. And then as per plan, we went away for over three and a half months.","And then when we came back, we went into rehearsal and then finally got onstage and did it. And the three and a half months living and doing other things made a surprisingly big difference. It just sank into everybody and took enormous strides all on its own, and that was both exciting and surprising in its extent. And also, it was a clue to what was going to continue to happen, which is that it just burrowed deeper and deeper into the actors and they - into one another, and they have become a family. And they're - what goes on between them is - I've never seen - in my experience, I've never seen it quite like this.","Philip Seymour Hoffman obviously plays the lead role. Is - did the play come first or the actor come first?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"did the play come first or the actor come first?\" - This is a literal question that asks which came first, the play or the actor, without any metaphorical meaning.","questions":"How does PersonB inquire about the relationship between the lead actor and the play?","answer":"Relationship"}
{"text":["No, I'm glad to include them. Is it possible Italy will leave the eurozone, or is that just talk?","It's just talk. It's impossible. Do you remember the Eagles?This one I'm not getting that wrong because the Eagles is as important - \"Hotel California. \"","Sure.","You can always check out, but you can never leave. That's it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Italy leaving the eurozone is not a realistic possibility","questions":"How would you describe the possibility of Italy leaving the eurozone based on the dialogue?","answer":"Impossible"}
{"text":["You know, Salvini's popularity soared to almost 40%, thanks to his anti-immigrant policy. He wanted to take advantage of that to become the next government leader. But yesterday he received a stinging rebuke from Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte, who accused him of institutional recklessness that can lead to political uncertainty and financial instability. And one opposition leader accused Salvini of creating a climate of hatred that's led to a sharp rise in racist attacks against people of color.","OK. So tell us a little bit more about Salvini 'cause this guy is clearly freaking out the European Union in many ways.","Absolutely. You know, after his nationalist League Party formed this very unlikely alliance with the anti-establishment Five Stars Movement, which is the biggest party in parliament, Salvini quickly took over the government agenda. Five Stars went along with his tough anti-immigrant measures. They even approved his parliamentary immunity when Salvini was investigated for holding migrants hostage while not allowing them to disembark at an Italian port. And Five Stars never complained about Salvini's savage criticism of the European Union and its regulations, which he describes as a ball and chain on Italy's foot.","Italy's one of the EU's largest economies. Like some other populist-led countries, Salvini pushed his government to challenge the whole idea of European integration. And, you know, Salvini has also raised alarms with his language, which critics say echoes that of the fascist dictator Benito Mussolini.","Wow."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : soared in this context means to go up, or increase significantly.","questions":"How did Salvini's popularity change?","answer":"Soared"}
{"text":["Well, in a way, it was easy to not think about it, let's put it that way. After all, you know, the community had been tremendously traumatized by all this, so we were not in a mental situation to examine it or to think about it that much. I mean, people had to survive. But over the long haul, I do feel that because we had been subjected to something that was so totally outside of our control, one had to really internalize a lot of the, well, gee. You know, why did they do this to us?","And in my particular case, my parents decided that they no longer wanted to stay in this country, you know?So they signed up for what they called a repatriation. My father was not a citizen, so he had decided to go back to Japan. And for me, this was unthinkable. I just could not imagine leaving the home, the country that I knew. I'm very alienated from my parents for a while over this situation. We did not go to Japan, but that's something that will always haunt me because I was blaming my parents for something that was imposed on them, really.","What made you decide that you wanted to protest now at Fort Sill?","Well, some of us just thought, because of our particular history, that we had, you know, the moral authority to go in and say, well, you've done it to us, so don't repeat history."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The long haul is a length of time where the issue had to be dealt with.","questions":"How did the community feel after the traumatic event?","answer":"Traumatized"}
{"text":["Well, I say that may be the case. And I'm for affirmative action. I'm for giving opportunities to minorities. I'm for immigration reform. I'm a very proud Hispanic. But I just think the Democratic Party has to communicate a better message of economic populism, of helping small businesses. Somehow the centrist white male, the conservative white male that used to vote Democratic from the South and the Midwest is eluding us. And we've got to get that base back or get some portion of the base because they're leaving us in droves.","And what about those politicians that might say, hey, look, we won a couple of national elections with the demographics that we have in the Democratic Party.","Well, what I say to them is that's great. But we've lost the Congress. We've lost the House. We've lost the Senate. We lose governorships. And, you know, it's not just the presidency that has the power in this country. It's local officials, it's county commissioners, it's governors. It's not just the Congress. It's a whole range of offices where we're not competing because we - we need a stronger, compelling economic message. And somehow, that seems to be eluding us if you look at recent elections, especially in the South and the Midwest.","You've already cited Bernie Sanders. And I gather you have endorsed Hillary Clinton for the Democratic nomination for president. How do you think Secretary Clinton addresses these issues?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"eluding us\" - This means that the centrist white male and conservative white male voters are not voting for the Democratic Party, but the literal meaning of \"eluding\" is to escape or avoid something.","questions":"What is the Democratic Party's message that needs to be communicated better according to A?","answer":"Economic"}
{"text":["Here's another example - property buyouts. So the federal government will sometimes buy properties with federal and local money after a disaster, like floods. And the land gets turned into permanent green space. And in the future, no other homes or businesses or potential lives will be lost there. That's the point of the buyout.","So if they're buying out property, you have to be a property owner to benefit from that. And people with more wealth are generally more often property owners. Is that how this is working?","Mm-hmm. And there have been barriers to property ownership in the U. S.  for various people, various racial groups, as well.","Sure."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  Similarly, \"Sure\" is used as a casual affirmation or agreement in this context, indicating B's acceptance of what A just said. Its actual meaning is an informal way of expressing agreement or understanding, rather than its literal interpretation.","questions":"Which word does PersonB use to indicate their agreement with what PersonA just said in turn 3?","answer":"Agreement"}
{"text":["I think both can be true. I think - look. It's outrageous that there's an invoice. But it's not new. The invoice was not given lately. It was given to Special Representative Yun when he went to North Korea to collect Otto Warmbier. And at that point, when you're giving that invoice, you sign, and you leave. So it's not new. That's one. Second, it's not unique, either. When. . .","It's not unique to negotiations with North Korea or. . .","Correct - North Korea specifically.","North Korea specifically has a habit of this."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : North Korea has a history of engaging in this type of behavior during negotiations.","questions":"How did North Korea behave during negotiations?","answer":"Behave"}
{"text":["So as an AP world history teacher, I know that, with the way that the exam has been, students have had the opportunity to really dive into content in their deep past - right?- and look at things all around the world and draw comparisons through them. And with this change, those things will no longer be assessed. And we're really just cutting down history to about less than 600 years.","Doesn't a good teacher like yourself already have to leave out a lot if you're dealing with 10,000 years of history?","Yeah. I mean, teaching history is a lot about making choices based on what you're teaching and what lens you're teaching it through. But I think what College Board will need to focus on is to really train teachers in how to teach students how to ask big questions and how to, you know, organize the material and thematically so that we can understand the context of the world that we live in today because it's complicated. And it includes all people. And we can't just look at it from what's happened in the last 600 years.","What about schools that might say, look - we can offer courses in history that is essentially pre-Columbian?Let's say year 0 to 1450 - and offer the AP course from 1450 to current day."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : you imply that something is the case","questions":"How does the AP exam change impact history education?","answer":"Reduces"}
{"text":["So do you think that there should be some kind of accountability that maybe Congress says, OK, yeah, you can have some of this money, but it will mean a change in leadership, Bank of America.","A change in leadership might be good. I think part of the problem here is that now that we've started down this path of every quarter when the bank comes in and says, oops, our bad bets got worse this quarter, we need more money, we've gotten to the point where we can't say no to that. And again, what's most galling about this for anybody who admires a free market in any way is that the idea is that if you're free to make these bets, you're supposed to pay the price for that. And we are still protecting the shareholders of these banks, and we're still protecting the bondholders.","You can say all day long, which is probably true, that we have to protect the customers or the system really is in danger. But you can do that without bailing out the bondholders and shareholders, which is what everybody is so outraged about.","Henry Blodget is the outraged founder and editor of Clusterstock. com. Henry, thanks for talking with us."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : you can say all day long means that they can say it repeatedly. ","questions":"What can you do without bailing out the bondholders and shareholders?","answer":"Protect"}
{"text":["It really is. I don't think that people have an eye on the ground view. We're trying to help people. But helping people macro doesn't really satisfy people micro when it's happening in a neighborhood.","All right, Dr.  Melvo, thank you very much. Always good to hear your points of view.","Thank you, Tony.","That was author and economist, Dr.  Julienne Malveaux. She is also the president of Bennett College for Women in Greensboro, North Carolina."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Eye on the ground\" is not literal. It implies that people should view the situation from close up rather than far away.","questions":"What does the term \"Eye on the ground\" imply?","answer":"Close"}
{"text":["No, I think this will be about fact. That's why I added a number of authors and historians to this commission. When these monuments were erected, they were to celebrate but also, I think, to intimidate individuals, as well. They were there to continue to convey what I think is, you know, alternative facts and history. At the end of the day, these individuals defended a time and a purpose that would probably have me and my ancestors in bondage. And that should not go untold.","Some, though, would say this is a cop-out. New Orleans has torn down a number of its Confederate monuments. The city of Charlottesville, Va. , voted to sell its statue of Robert E.  Lee. Why not remove these statues?","Well, first I will say that our monuments commission will obviously listen to all sides. They'll listen to those who think that we may be trying to rewrite history. We're going to listen to people who think that we should remove the monuments. My charge to the commission is to tell the whole truth. For some, this was the third rail in Richmond politics - that you can never touch Monument Avenue. And I think that right now this is an opportunity for us and a responsibility for us to write the next new chapter for the city of Richmond.","Levar Stoney, the Democratic mayor of Richmond, Va.  We've been checking in with him throughout his first year in office. And we will be doing so as the year rolls on. Thank you so much for joining us.","Thank you, Lulu."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Some may view removing statues as a cop-out.","questions":"Which city voted to sell its statue of Robert E. Lee?","answer":"Charlottesville"}
{"text":["And so the last of this accretion events formed the moon, because accretion, when you have giant planets the size of Mars and Earth hitting each other, it's a pretty messy phenomenon.","But based on news this week, it sounds like that may not be the best theory.","Well, you know, the devil gets down to the details, and when you push these models forward, they start to come apart, and that's kind of the fun thing about science is you're sort of grasping at things, and they - sometimes you get them and hold them in your hand for a while, and they slip away like a fish.","Here we had this notion - and the reason this is so exciting right now is that starting in, you know, the mid-1970s, these sort of back-of-the-envelope calculations said hey, you know, we think planets formed this way, by collisions. We think we can explain the spin of the Earth, which is actually pretty fast if you add in the spin of the moon to the spin of the Earth, you know, that moon's orbiting the Earth, and if you think of it as one single planet, and if you brought all that mass together into one place, it would be equivalent to the Earth spinning with a period of only five hours, so much faster than it is today."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The accretion theory is interesting and exciting but may not be entirely accurate.","questions":"Which theory?","answer":"Accretion"}
{"text":["You know, you have to be tough. You have to let them know that, you know, although, yeah, I'm a female, you know, I can punch you in the eye if I have to. Or turn the table over. . .","Or just be as tough as men have to do in certain - have to be in certain situations, so that they can erase the fact that I am a girl and reallylook at me as a professional who is knowledgeable about what I do and can do the deals and deliver. So. . .","Sonia, what about the live music scene?Because I remember going to some hip-hop clubs. I was - you know, this was back when I was much a younger woman, and really enjoying it until some of the violence got out of control. And then I stopped going to some of the venues because too many people were getting shot. How are things here in terms of the live venues?Are they safe?Are they - you know, how is the live music scene doing?","It is so interesting that you would bring that up today because just last night, there were three events that were happening last night. It was R&B Live over at the Lucky Street Lounge. They had Mario, and Marsha from Floetry. There was Estelle over at Sugarhill, that John Legend was presenting, great venues both of them."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Women need to be tough to be taken seriously in male-dominated professions.","questions":"Which gender is mentioned in the turn?","answer":"Women"}
{"text":["Yeah.","Now, from what I hear you saying, you don't want to clean it out. You want to get more stuff in there. You're going to be cleaning out the good bacteria, would you not?","Well, that is a possibility. Although if you have problems, you clearly have some bad bacteria there that would be - that you could possibly clear out as well. What we're thinking is that perhaps something like a nasal clear out with saline are indeed anti-microbial, coupled with these rehabilitation approaches. So when you it clear it out, that you reinstate the appropriate organisms at that site, that that might be the best approach we could take for treatment.","And that, you know, 15 percent of chronic rhinosinusitis sufferers are - have good outcomes and resolved their disease symptoms with anti-microbials. So clearly, we're missing a part of the picture. We're currently - there's something missing that we need to add, and we think it's restoration of these organisms that may actually maintain a balanced immune response of these site and protect these mucosal surfaces. We actually think that something kind of an equivalent of a microbial shield at these sites (unintelligible)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A suggests using anti-microbial and rehabilitation approaches to clear out bad bacteria and reinstate appropriate organisms.","questions":"Which approaches does PersonA suggest to clear out bad bacteria and reinstate appropriate organisms?","answer":"Anti-microbial"}
{"text":["We were sure supposed to. Somewhere along the line things, sort of, broke down and it's obviously disturbing that we haven't come as far as we thought in that time.","As you looked at what happened before the attack in Benghazi, what do you think are the important lessons to be taken away there?","You know, I think that right now it's hard to tell what the lessons are because there's no clear chain of accountability or decision making. The first question you ask yourself is who is in charge of this thing?You had a mission - a State Department mission on the ground.","Theoretically everyone in that mission, including that special operations team that supposedly could've reacted to this thing was working for the head of mission, which in this case was a deputy chief of mission since the ambassador was the individual involved. And it's unclear to me even at this point if he had the authority to launch that special operations team or whether someone outside that chain of command and Department of Defense or Southern Command, or pardon me, in Special Operations Command, you know, overruled that. And it's never become obvious to me what that chain of command was. And it seemed to me that would be one of the first questions the congressional people are asking - doing the inquiries should've been asking."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : There is no clear process for who has accountability and makes decisions. The mission was outside of the office instead of being conducted via phone or internet.","questions":"Which process was unclear?","answer":"Decisionmaking"}
{"text":["That's absolutely correct. The charges themselves don't go to anything about the collusion aspect. I think one thing that's important to understand, though, some folks don't realize this about cooperation - cooperation's like being a little bit pregnant. You're either cooperating or you're not. You have to be completely in (laughter). And the value of somebody like Manafort for the prosecutors may not necessarily be a smoking gun but rather just the fact that he's so familiar with what happened and they'll be interested in that as well.","Let's turn now to Department of Justice's inspector general report on how James Comey and the FBI handled the investigation into Hillary Clinton's private email server. Mr.  Comey didn't come off well, did he?","He did not come off well at all. I think it had been widely thought that he was not going to come off well, and he really violated some basic protocols at the Justice Department. I mean, I was there with Miss Reno as the attorney general. You're very, very careful about anything that could affect a political election. And then on top of that, he is supposed to simply talk about, are they doing the investigation or not?And he really kind of usurped the authority of the prosecutors in making that statement - no reasonable prosecutor would take on this case. He's not a prosecutor there. He is the director of the FBI.","Yeah. At the same time, what do you think of Rudy Giuliani, the president's lawyer, saying that the Mueller investigation ought to be suspended because of the IG report?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"cooperation's like being a little bit pregnant\" - This is a figurative expression meaning that there is no middle ground when it comes to cooperation. Either someone is fully cooperating or not cooperating at all.","questions":"Which word describes the level of cooperation required according to turn 0?","answer":"Figurative"}
{"text":["Well, that's definitely, you know, kind of a hip-hop beat, you know, club beat. What's the music like?","Man, the music, this thing, the box set that I ended up receiving, the music is unbelievable. And that's been part of also this hype that you talked about, too, Farai. Like, how come this game is so popular?Well, you know, they have some of the best musicians, some great independent artists that are on air. So the music soundtrack that you play, you are driving a lot throughout the game, so you can change stations. You can change genres, and so you're discovering new artists and you're listening to some of your favorite artists. And the music soundtrack of this thing is scored like a movie.","I mean, this development cost about a 100 million dollars to develop this game. So this is really showing a monumental shift in the amount of money being allocated to even develop a game. We really haven't heard of numbers this high before. But we're talking about a video-game industry that rakes in about 18 billion dollars a year. So it's not a small industry.","Wow, well, speaking of billions of dollars, they came. They asked. They got a no. We are talking about Microsoft's 44. 6-billion-dollar offer to buy Yahoo!, and Yahoo!said nener nener (ph), and cut an ad deal with Google instead. So, should Yahoo!have taken the offer?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The video game industry is worth a lot of money.","questions":"What is the worth of the video game industry?","answer":"lot"}
{"text":["I think both can be true. I think - look. It's outrageous that there's an invoice. But it's not new. The invoice was not given lately. It was given to Special Representative Yun when he went to North Korea to collect Otto Warmbier. And at that point, when you're giving that invoice, you sign, and you leave. So it's not new. That's one. Second, it's not unique, either. When. . .","It's not unique to negotiations with North Korea or. . .","Correct - North Korea specifically.","North Korea specifically has a habit of this."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : North Korea specifically has a habit of giving invoices when collecting detainees.","questions":"How does North Korea typically handle detainee collections?","answer":"Detainee"}
{"text":["Well, actually, there are several sets of defendants. In the case of the manufacturers, the claim is that they created, through fraudulent means, a demand for opioids in the case of chronic pain, which was not the practice prior to their efforts.","And you said there's other targets of lawsuits.","Yes. The distributors and the retail sellers have also been sued. Where they have gotten into trouble is that they haven't monitored suspicious orders. And there have been cases where literally millions of doses have been shipped to small communities, clearly in excess of any legitimate demand.","If the federal government brings its own lawsuit against these companies as President Trump has called for this week - is that just going to duplicate what states and localities are doing?Or does the federal government have a different role here?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The manufacturers fraudulently created a demand for opioids in chronic pain cases, which was not present before their efforts.","questions":"Which type of pain cases are the manufacturers accused of creating a demand for through fraudulent means?","answer":"Chronic"}
{"text":["I wish I could think of a better opening. Tell me the Lyndon Baines Johnson story, if you could, please.","So during LBJ's administration, Mary was at home in her apartment one night. And she got a call from someone saying that he was with the Secret Service and the president planned to stop by. Mary was immediately convinced that it was one of her colleagues or friends pulling her leg. But when she opened her door and saw two Secret Service men standing by the elevator, she furiously began to tidy up her apartment and prepare for an impromptu visit from the commander-in-chief. Lyndon came in, they had a drink or two and Lyndon professed his great affection for her, Mary, I'm crazy about you, and made clear that he wanted to sleep with her. And in a way that was prototypically Lyndon Johnson, also said, I know you love the Kennedys, and now you should love me, which has to be about the worst pick-up line. . .","(Laughter).",". . . That I've ever heard in my life. And certainly the worst pick-up line for Mary."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The turn \"Laughter\" is not meant to indicate that someone is actually laughing but rather to acknowledge the humorous nature of the story being told.","questions":"How did PersonB respond to the story?","answer":"Laughter"}
{"text":["So your position would be that your dean of students would be there, even if there were some Oberlin students who decided to have a Make America Great rally.","Absolutely. The content of the speech isn't relevant. And she's supposed to be a liaison to the police. And, in fact, the police contacted her staff to talk about this particular protest as it was happening. So it wouldn't matter whether they were there for a Make America Great rally or whether they were there to talk about some progressive cause. The content of the speech is not why we're there. It's there to be able to protect the community and to make it a lawful protest.","Racism is an ugly charge. Can you see why the Gibsons were upset by it?","Oh, absolutely. I - absolutely. If you're called a name that you don't believe is true, then I can absolutely see why the Gibsons were upset."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The dean of students would be present to ensure a lawful protest regardless of the content of the speech","questions":"How is the dean of students' presence determined during a protest?","answer":"presence"}
{"text":["I think it's really important to understand that this is literally part of our human condition, right?We're a pack species. We like other people to like us. We like them to know what we're doing. And we've been doing this for centuries, whether it was commissioning portraits, whether it was sending postcards from our trips, whether it was holding our neighbors hostage and making them watch 10,000 slides from our family vacation. This is part of who we are. It's just a matter of managing it effectively.","If this is an essential part of the human condition, are these fatalities just going to keep happening?","I think so. I think so. There are some measures in place to kind of help with those people who are accidentally finding themselves in the situation of taking risky selfies. I think the more difficult question to ask is, what do we do with those people who are deliberately trying to find that high-risk selfie moment?","I mentioned the U. S.  Forest Service warning against bear selfies and Yellowstone having this safe selfie pledge. What other steps are being taken to try to keep people safe?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The turn (1) \"holding our neighbors hostage and making them watch 10,000 slides from our family vacation\" is an example of figurative language and its actual meaning is not literal. The speaker is using exaggeration to emphasize how people have always had a desire to share their experiences with others, even if it means subjecting them to boring slideshows.","questions":"What is the speaker emphasizing through the use of exaggeration in turn 0?","answer":"Desire"}
{"text":["You know, we - we're in constant communication with our states. I know South Carolina has done - and all the states, for that matter - but South Carolina, they've done a very proactive job. North Carolina is really going to amp up the messaging on evacuations. Florida has, and Georgia. So, you know, we will be able to tell what those evacuation rates are, obviously working with our state. The states and the locals are the ones that actually call for those evacuations.","Right now, it seems to be going well, but it always could go better. You know, if you're in a danger or hazard area, you know, I ask you to take those warnings seriously, and evacuate and protect yourself and your family.","Jeff Byard of FEMA, thanks for speaking with us today.","Thank you so much."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Taking warnings seriously and evacuating can help protect yourself and your family in a dangerous area.","questions":"Which area requires people to take warnings seriously and evacuate to protect themselves and their family?","answer":"Dangerous"}
{"text":["This week saw a victory for gun control advocates and a rare legal defeat for the firearms industry. The Connecticut Supreme Court ruled that families of victims of the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting can sue the manufacturer of the rifle used in that attack. The gun-maker is Remington Arms Company. The gun used is the AR-15-style Bushmaster rifle. One of the plaintiffs in the case is David Wheeler. His 6-year-old son, Ben, was among the 26 people killed - 20 of them first-graders. David, welcome to the program.","Thank you, Melissa.","What does this news mean to you?","Well, it's complex. Of course, it's complicated. I have an emotional reaction and more of an intellectual reaction that, you know, bounce around in me at the same time. It's a relief, certainly, emotionally. But I understand the - or have some layman's understanding of the complex nature of this case. But more importantly, it's not what it means to me. I think it's what it means for all Americans, which is this is the justice system prevailing. This is the Connecticut State Supreme Court saying these people have a legitimate claim. And they deserve a day in court."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The Connecticut State Supreme Court believes that the victims' families have a legitimate claim and deserve their day in court, which is a victory for all Americans","questions":"How is the Connecticut State Supreme Court's decision viewed by David Wheeler?","answer":"victory"}
{"text":["And it was remarkable to find these little details that people had. Oh, yes, when he was in college, you know, he belonged to this - some society. I'm forgetting the name right now. But the idea of it was to perfect one's dancing and etiquette. And the next door neighbor said he was always very interested in, you know, in correct speech and in, sort of, you know, elegantly holding himself out and that this was something that just went back, back, back, back, back.","Alan Feuer tells Alan Feuer's story in two articles in The New York Times, the most recent, \"The Secret Life of a Society Maven. \"You could find a link to that on our website. Go to npr. org, click on TALK OF THE NATION. And, Alan Feuer, thank you so much for sharing your story.","Oh, my pleasure.","Alan Feuer is a reporter for The New York Times. Tomorrow, after a gun battle outside the prime minister's house in Tripoli, we'll talk about progress and pitfalls and the ripples of revolution in Libya. Join for us that. It's the TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News. I'm Neal Conan in Washington."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"The Secret Life of a Society Maven\" - The phrase \"The Secret Life of a Society Maven\" does not refer to the secret life of someone who is an expert or connoisseur in a particular area, as the literal meaning of the word \"maven\" suggests. It refers to the secret life of someone who is a member of a particular society.","questions":"What does \"The Secret Life of a Society Maven\" refer to?","answer":"Article"}
{"text":["Yes. In Los Angeles, we made a commitment a number of years ago to only purchase any new buses into our fleet that would operate on alternative fuels. And what we have today is the largest compressed natural gas bus fleet in the country. And that's doing a lot to help improve our air quality here.","What's the difference between compressed natural gas and regular gasoline in terms of, you know, how it affects the environment?","Well compressed natural gas is a much cleaner fuel.","You know, let's just take a look at Los Angeles' demographics. You have people from incredibly wealthy to incredibly poor. You have immigrants, native-born people who've come here from other parts of the U. S. , people, of course, who were born here. How do you think L. A. 's demographics affect the need for public transportation?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The demographics of Los Angeles may affect the demand for public transportation.","questions":"What turn is the statement referring to?","answer":"0"}
{"text":["With us now, author and economist Julianne Malveaux, she is president of Bennett College. Welcome, Dr.  Malveaux.","Greetings, Farai. How are you?","I'm doing well, but some people aren't. And let's talk about these figures and really, what is shifting in our economy right now in terms of the different sectors where people are losing these tens of thousands of jobs?","Well, people are looking ahead and they're very uncertain, and that's what we see in markets. We see people laying people off. We also have some challenge in financial market. Certainly, the Bear Stearns' crisis raises all kinds of questions. The housing market, of course, we've talked about that on this program several times, but the fact is that we see a stagnancy. We don't see growth. We see houses that are overvalued. Lots of people in mortgage crisis. People who bought homes within the last five years finding that they overpaid for their homes and they couldn't sell them in what they paid for them, so they're stuck. That removes liquidity."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : How are you?\" - The literal meaning is a question about Farai's well-being. The implied meaning is a standard greeting used in social interactions.","questions":"How does the housing market affect liquidity?","answer":"liquidity"}
{"text":["Well, no, I don't think so, but it's really not just about resignations. What people really want to see is a change of the system, not just a personnel change. But what we know is that even if we magically fixed Ferguson overnight, it would be an island of justice in a sea of injustice.","At the same time, Mr.  French, how do you keep the public safe?How do you get anyone to become a good police officer if they're getting - if they feel they might be shot by the citizens?","You're absolutely right. I mean, the tragic thing here - and this is the crisis that we find ourselves in in St.  Louis - is that communities need police; especially communities with high crime, like many of our communities do have it in St.  Louis. We need police. And an order for police to be effective they need the trust of the community. And so what I feel like is we have not acted quick enough. That in fact we had an opportunity over this fall and winter to do a lot of this hard work before we get into what is traditionally the high crime times of spring and summer. And it's been warm here for a couple of days and we've already seen a very high spike in crime, including the tragic death of a 5-year-old boy. So we've got a lot of work to do and we need to get to the business of doing it very quickly.","How has the protest movement changed - maybe in terms of what its objectives are - and are there different factions now?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The community needs to act quickly to restore trust and safety in the community. ","questions":"Which aspect of the community needs to be restored urgently?","answer":"Trust"}
{"text":["Hi, Lulu. Thanks for having me.","So Bashar al-Assad, the president, it seems has prevailed with Russian and Iranian support. Only one major rebel area remains. Has he won?","Well, it depends how you define victory. He has, for the moment, won the right to stay. And it does seem like the world, in many ways, wants to sort of normalize his presence. But I think it's pretty clear that it's not a victory of any real kind.","And the damage that has been done and that has been wrought does not appear to be facing any kind of true reconciliation or any kind of true reckoning. There's a lack of justice. There's a lack of accountability. And there's the presence of an incredible amount of impunity.","Well, take me into Syria. What are people feeling there now after these eight long years?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The person was not had, but was invited for the interview.","questions":"What was the reason for PersonA's visit to Lulu's place?","answer":"Visit"}
{"text":["It's great to be with you, Ira. Thank you.","I'm just looking at the abstract of your study, and some of these numbers are amazing. Seventy-two percent, 72 of all Americans think that global warming should be a very high or medium or a priority for the president and the Congress. That crosses all party lines.","It does. It includes 84 percent of Democrats, 68 percent of independents and 52 percent of Republicans. So yes, there is this difference between Democrats and Republicans. But nonetheless, a majority of Republicans do think that global warming should be a priority for our elected officials.","So why are we all under the impression that there is not this majority?","Ah. Great question. So one of the things that became very clear to us early in our research was that Americans don't speak with a single voice on this issue. And in fact, what we've identified is what we call a global warming's six Americas, that essentially you can look at the country and find that there are six very different communities within the United States, that each respond to this issue in very different ways. One group we call the alarmed. That's only about 12 percent of the public."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It's great to be with you, Ira. Thank you. (Literal meaning: expressing pleasure at being in someone's company)","questions":"How did PersonA feel about being with Ira?","answer":"Great"}
{"text":["This is WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. I'm Scott Simon. This week, new reporting revealed that the electronic communication we may think is private is actually not. That includes everything from our medical records to banking information. The National Security Agency has been able to crack encryption technology, giving the government access to the private details that we type into encrypted websites. Now, we know this because of documents released by the former NSA contractor Edward Snowden. These documents resulted in a story that was published simultaneously in yesterday's New York Times, the Guardian, and on the website of the nonprofit news organization ProPublica. They did so despite the objections of intelligence agencies. Jeff Larson of ProPublica co-authored the article and he spoke to us from New York. And we began by asking him whether he knows how many of these encrypted sites have been cracked.","We don't actually know exactly what the NSA and GCHQ have cracked. They. . .","GCHQ is the British equivalent of the NSA.","Right. Yes. They protect this information with a special classification level. We can only sort of infer by the fact that they say that they've cracked vast amounts of encrypted communications traveling over the wire."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The sites were not actually cracked but were opened by unauthorized people.","questions":"Which word describes how the encrypted sites were accessed?","answer":"cracked"}
{"text":["The government is treading a fine line. On one hand, it acknowledges that this is a regime that cannot survive, and that this is a matter of time, only. At the same time, because it's a neighbor and because the borders are still open and there is some trade going on, in addition to other reasons, the government is careful not to take matters, sort of, beyond a certain point. But I think that there is wide consensus in the region that understands that this regime has no chance of survival. The problem and the questions is, how many more people will be killed before it leaves the scene?","Again, Turkey - we know that the Free Syrian Army uses Turkey as a safe haven. Injured are brought back to be treated in medical facilities. The fighters return there to rest and re-equip and then come back. That's a very porous border in that situation. What about Jordan?Is Jordan allowing the Free Syrian Army effectively to operate from its territory?","No. There are no military operations being conducted out of Jordan for the Free Syrian Army. Jordan has received a number of defectors from Syria, including the ex-prime minister of Syria and several army officers who have defected to Jordan. But they have not engaged in any military activity, so far.","Why no?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Jordan has not allowed the Free Syrian Army to conduct military operations from its territory despite receiving defectors from Syria.","questions":"What country has received defectors from Syria but has not allowed the Free Syrian Army to conduct military operations from its territory?","answer":"Jordan"}
{"text":["Well, thereafter, we may be singing Christmas carols in the Capitol. It's brinksmanship, of course. They're just trying to get everybody focused and trying to get everybody to actually vote for the basic spending bills, get Congress to do their routine business. It's not routine, though, because Republican leaders can't get enough of their members to vote for spending bills. So they need Democratic votes to get the bills across the finish line. And those come with a price tag, including, for example, the issue of the DREAMers, the. . .","Yeah.",". . . People who were brought here by their parents when the parents came to the country illegally.","And how do they breach the differences between the House and Senate bills, when the promises some Republican Senate leaders made to get the votes of, say, Susan Collins of Maine and Jeff Flake of Arizona, seem to be no longer - are not contained in the House version?And the House leaders say nope, we're not going to have them."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : And how do they breach the differences between the House and Senate bills, when the promises some Republican Senate leaders made to get the votes of, say, Susan Collins of Maine and Jeff Flake of Arizona","questions":"Which promises did some Republican Senate leaders make to get the votes of Susan Collins of Maine and Jeff Flake of Arizona?","answer":"Susan"}
{"text":["Well, the state of the free world is at stake as always in college football, as you know. I really feel that the one thing about college football that people do gravitate toward - I'm not a huge college football fan myself - but I feel like what it does to people who really care about it is that it really is a winner-take-all type of thing. You kind of have to win every single game. You lose one game and your national title hopes are dashed. So, when you have a big matchup early and you're just getting started, this is a big game. Well, I think it's a bigger game for Michigan and for Alabama, naturally, because Alabama is defending national championship. They'll be there at the end. But if you're Michigan, this is a good chance early on to show what you've got.","I guess things don't look so great for my Boise State Broncos, right?This is a rebuilding year in Boise.","Exactly. And I was thinking that last night when they lost. I said, oh, well, goodness, Boise State lost one game therefore their entire future has been destroyed, and for - at least there's next year, right?","At least there's next year. Howard Bryant, senior writer at ESPN. com and ESPN the Magazine. Howard, thanks so much. Have a good U. S.  Open."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) \"I said, oh, well, goodness, Boise State lost one game therefore their entire future has been destroyed, and for - at least there's next year, right?\" - The actual meaning of this turn is sarcastic, implying that losing one game does not mean the end of the world or the destruction of Boise State's future, and that there is always another chance next year.","questions":"How does PersonA feel about Boise State's loss?","answer":"Exaggerated"}
{"text":["You are so nice for not doing that spoiler alert. But, yes, so many people discuss Israel-Palestine as if its people on a spectrum. But this notion where people say, oh, you know, Israel and Palestine, they disagree. It's not a spectrum. It's metaphysics.","They're in a different reality, whereas, I lived in Jerusalem that had the Temple Mount and a Palestinian neighbor lived in al-Quds that had Haram al-Sharif. Like, literally, we're inhabiting the same space and in a different city with a different extraordinary holy place on the same spot. And, to me, you know, that gets us to the title of this book. I was looking for a space for the no man's land where a moment of understanding might take place.","Is there an affinity between writers and spies?","That's funny. I'm like - I was going to the list. I was like, writers and shrinks, writers and sociopaths. But, yeah, I have a whole list of things. . ."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : But this notion where people say, oh, you know, Israel and Palestine, they disagree. It's not a spectrum. It's metaphysics.\"  In this turn, the implied meaning is that the issue between Israel and Palestine is not simply a matter of differing opinions or viewpoints on a spectrum. The speaker suggests that it goes beyond that and enters the realm of metaphysics, indicating a deeper and more complex nature to the conflict than a simple disagreement.","questions":"What does the speaker suggest is the nature of the conflict between Israel and Palestine?","answer":"Deeper"}
{"text":["Do you ever feel that way, you're just so tired of singing, but you know you have to because that song is so closely associated with who you are?","Well \"Band of Gold\" would be it, but by the time I get to the end of the show, and I'm coming back for that last encore\u2026","(Singing) Now that you're gone, all that's left is a band of gold\u2026","A lot of times, I will do \"Band of Gold,\" and as a matter of fact, I - and I find that it's a good thing because I see people in the audience just light up, like (unintelligible)\u2026"],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Well 'Band of Gold' would be it, but by the time I get to the end of the show, and I'm coming back for that last encore\u2026\" - The implied meaning here is that \"Band of Gold\" is the song that the person is referring to, but they are indicating that they may be too exhausted by the end of their performance to give it their all during the final encore.","questions":"What song is the person referring to?","answer":"Band-of-Gold"}
{"text":["What in this agreement makes it better in your perspective?Because you did say that there was something in it that was, so tell me one thing.","There are. The labor chapter itself is better. However, if you can't enforce the labor chapter, it is meaningless. And so we're trying to get the enforcement on three different levels that I outlined earlier.","So what's your message to Democrats here?I mean, the issue is, so far, the administration has been trying to work with the Democrats. I mean, the trade chief, for example, the U. S.  trade representative, Robert Lighthizer, has been working with Democrats to hear their concerns about it. I mean, and House Speaker Nancy Pelosi has appointed nine House Democrats to committees to negotiate these sort of - these changes.","But there is this some sense that, you know, the administration - others in the administration would like to fast-track it. There is a mechanism for doing that. I mean, do you have a specific message to Democrats?Because, as you know, with such a large - particularly with such a large presidential field, you've got all kinds of different opinions about international trade in that group. Do you know what I mean?So do you have a specific message to them about how to - you would like to see them proceed?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A believes that without enforcement, the labor chapter is meaningless","questions":"Which chapter is better according to A?","answer":"Labor"}
{"text":["When she decided it was not in the national interest to grant security clearances for these 25 individuals, her supervisor overruled her and never provided any rationale for his decisions. In the past, when she was overruled on rare occasion, they would - supervisor would point out the mitigating circumstances and would work with her to assess the risk. Her former supervisor Carl Kline wouldn't speak to her, in fact would direct her not to get involved in these disputed security adjudications.","There has been reporting that President Trump got personally involved in order to grant security clearances for his son-in-law and others. Do you have any awareness of that?","My client would have no direct awareness of that. It was at a much higher level than she was operating at.","What led your client Tricia Newbold to conclude that the problems she was seeing in her office could not be addressed within the executive branch that she works for but instead needed to be addressed by Congress?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  (2) Implies that the speaker is asking if the client has any knowledge of President Trump's personal involvement in granting security clearances, rather than a literal reading of the question which could be interpreted as asking if the client has any awareness of the reporting itself.","questions":"How was the question asked by PersonB interpreted by A?","answer":"Direct"}
{"text":["That's exactly the concern that advertisers have about this, they use these small data tracking files called, cookies. And by watching where you go on the web they can build a customer profile and decide what kinds of ads to show. Well, the internet advertising bureau which represents a lot of these companies, and web publishers says if this feature becomes widely adopted a lot of sites and especially smaller ones that rely almost entirely on their ad revenue - they won't be able to survive. On the other hand, some analysts are taking note that Microsoft's own future could hinge on web advertising, and this could affect its own business in much the same way.","Other browsers have offered something like this?","That's true, the Firefox browser and Apple Safari browser do offer similar features.","Bob Moon of Public Radio's Daily Business Show, Marketplace - thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Other browsers have offered something like this?\" - the word \"this\" refers to the feature discussed in the previous sentences, not a physical object.","questions":"Which word refers to the feature discussed in the previous sentences?","answer":"This"}
{"text":["After Kristen's story dropped, there was some conversation in circles for about a week. And then immediately, institutions started deflecting responsibility. People immediately responded with some codes of conduct or some immediate action. But no one really wanted to take a look, listen, understand the extent of this problem.","You are continuing your reporting on this. What has been the reaction from female photographers that you have spoken to?","It's really difficult. I was just at a photo conference a few weeks ago. Two women shared their stories of being raped in the field. I don't think we know the extent of how bad it is. Many women in private rooms are starting to speak about what they've experienced. But they're extremely scared to go on the record because they don't want to be seen as difficult to work with. They want to continue photographing. They want to continue doing the work. There's very few people that can hold our own industry accountable. And that's why I wanted to take Kristen's reporting further and really look at, why can't photojournalism really take a hard look at itself and say, you know what?- we might not have been treating each other fairly, and there might be some consequences for our audience because of that?","In your piece, you write that there are these bigger implications here because, as you say, photography informs how we see the world, literally. And when you have the number of women photojournalists behind the camera getting smaller, what does that mean in your view for how the world is then represented?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The story was told to people and many became aware of it.","questions":"Which conversation lasted for about a week?","answer":"Deflection"}
{"text":["(Singing) Don't act surprised, It ain't like you didn't know. It's been a long, long time comin' And it's time for me to go.","Tryin' to split things up Could drive us crazy.","So where'd that song come from?","That song - Frank Rogers is my producer, and we got together - it was the first time we had met each other, we were talking about what kind of record I wanted to make. And I told him I really wanted to make a country record, and that was the first song we wrote together."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The singer is implyihng that Frank Rogers and he cowrote the song in question together.","questions":"What was the name of the person who co-wrote the song with the singer?","answer":"Frank-Rogers"}
{"text":["I suspect that more than a wee dram has been ingested in Scotland, particularly over the past few months, between people grousing about being under the thumb of London and the U. K. In the end, did a lot of Scots decide they kind of like the English?","I really don't think this is a kind of loving of Britain. I think that we had a double negative affect here rather than a positive embrace of what's British. It was more to do with a fear of how we might mess up if we go it alone, I think. There is just something within the Scottish psyche, I think. It's fairly confrontational, the psychology of the Scots. We tend to not wholeheartedly embrace something and say, you know, oh God, we love being British or we love you or, you know, we'll say, ah, you're not bad. You know, that's a very Scottish expression. I think that's what we've done with England and the rest of the U. K.  You know what; it's not that bad rather than suddenly discovering our Britishness.","Ewan Morrison, author and screenwriter, author of \"Tales From The Mall,\" joining us from Glasgow, Scotland - still the U. K. Thanks very much for being with us.","Thank you for having me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"It was more to do with a fear of how we might mess up if we go it alone\" - The actual meaning is figurative, as the fear of the unknown future is not a physical object that can be \"done\" or \"messed up\", but rather a concept or emotion.","questions":"How was the Scottish psyche described by A?","answer":"Confrontational"}
{"text":["It was. So Apple's lawyers were incredibly practiced and very eloquent. They told a very compelling story for their case, and they told it in terms that were very easy for the jurors to understand. They had lots of well-done slides and pictures illustrating their points, and when they finished speaking, you were convinced that they were in the right.","Samsung, on the other hand, they were - they came across as being defensive a lot of the time and kind of brash sometimes. And their case was also a lot more complicated and involved much more technical terms, and so I think that might have been much harder for jurors to understand.","And so what - what exactly did the jury find?They sort of had a mixed bag of things.","Right, so they found patent infringement for a whole host of Apple's intellectual property in the case. They found 28 cases of infringement for some of the smartphones involved. They upheld Apple's patents on iPhone and iPad design, and now Apple is seeking injunction against eight of those 28 smartphones that were found to be violating Apple's intellectual property."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Samsung's lawyers were not as good as Apple's lawyers","questions":"How did Samsung's lawyers come across during the case?","answer":"Defensive"}
{"text":["And I gather these are specialists, not just regular line firefighters.","Yeah, that's correct. We send - they usually run out of incident management team people, so the teams of planning officers and operation officers and incident managers who actually organize and manage the battle against the fire but also aviation specialists and fire-behavior-type specialists. So they are the type of people that they need and run out of when they've got, you know, the fire activity that they see this summer.","Are the Australian, American and Canadian approaches to firefighting sufficiently similar that you can swap personnel like that?","Well, they certainly are. And we've been swapping personnel particularly with United States since the year 2000. So we've done quite a few deployments from Australia to the U. S.  and Canada. And we've also had Canadian and U. S.  folks come across to Southern Australia and help us."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) Implied meaning: The specialist personnel needed to battle the fires are in high demand and these personnel include aviation specialists and fire-behavior-type specialists. ","questions":"How were the fire specialists described?","answer":"Specialists"}
{"text":["The question that has the most votes so far is this one - why do cockroaches flip over on their backsides when they die?I sprayed Raid into a hole in my wall the other day, and by the next morning, I found six cockroaches laid out on my floor, all flipped over and all very dead.","Good question.","I think that's a good question. That will be a fairly straightforward one to research, I think.","So, Daniel, people are casting their votes now. When are you going to tally them up, and then when are you going to answer that unanswered question?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : casting votes means to vote on something or someone","questions":"What does \"casting\" mean?","answer":"Vote"}
{"text":["Absolutely. Well, all right politics isn't everything. It just seems like it sometimes. So what else is going on?","Magic Johnson found himself in the center of news again, unwillingly. As most people know, he retired from the NBA after contracting the HIV. But two Minneapolis radio hosts had some fun at his expense. So here's a clip of that.","Unidentified Radio Host #1: What about diseases that are eminently treatable and you can live with for a long, long time quite healthily if you just get some drugs.","Unidentified Radio Host #2: Like Magic Johnson. Like Magic with his faked AIDS."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : It is suggested that Magic Johnson is faking his illness of AIDS.","questions":"Which illness is Magic Johnson accused of faking?","answer":"AIDS"}
{"text":["Well, that's after Stephen Hawking's book \"A Brief History Of Time\" which is a huge bestseller and many people read it, of course, but probably many more people didn't read it. It's sort of famous as a book that many, many people bought and didn't make it all the way through.","How does the index work?And we should also be very clear that this is completely unscientific and totally for fun.","Absolutely, yeah. So what I did was when you highlight books on your Kindle, when you highlight a sentence that you particularly like, Amazon is keeping track of that - I'm not sure everyone knows that - and Amazon records what five sentences in a book are the most commonly highlighted. So in a book that people are reading all the way through, it might be the case, that those highlights are scattered all the way through the length of the book. But if, on the other hand, there was a book that almost everyone was starting and reading a few pages and then putting down, then all of those highlights would have to be clustered in the first part. So what I did was just average the location of the top five highlights in the book - a very simple measure.","And that's publicly available data?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : please provide me with the turn you want me to analyze for the implied meaning.","questions":"What is Amazon keeping track of when you highlight a sentence on Kindle?","answer":"Sentences"}
{"text":["Well, I have to say that the information on cannibalism and corpse medicine was probably one of my favorites because it's so particularly horrific. People would drink the blood of gladiators. Egyptian tombs were being pillaged for mummies so that they could grind them up into these cures. They were mixed with myrrh and spices and sold in England. And there was even an import tax at the time because there were so many mummies being imported.","And of course though, many of these really gruesome cures didn't work at all. But some of them can be used today to really do something, to really help medically.","Yes. Maybe not mercury, for instance, but arsenic which we think of as the poison that kings would use to kill each other - arsenic today is used as a current treatment for promyelocytic leukemia. And I think a lot of people would be pretty shocked to hear that. Opium, we know, has a long history and still exists today for good and for bad. A lot of these other things like leeches can be used by some surgeons to help - in post-surgical patients to, you know, reduce swelling so that the surgerized tissues survive. So it is shocking to find that a lot of these things still are alive and well in our pharmacopoeias and in our hospitals.","But a little more delicately used."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Many things that were once considered archaic, or even dangerous, are still used in medicine today","questions":"What is still used in medicine today despite being formerly considered dangerous?","answer":"Leeches."}
{"text":["And you can do that just out of a gut feeling, or experience or cracking the file?Or how does that work?","Well, it uses statistics. You know, it's kind of a little bit like the whole money ball argument that we hear about baseball. But it goes through the file, and it looks, and it kind of sees that - you could say the noise in the image is not right, and often it's a little too random. It's almost a little bit too perfect, you might say.","And then the statistics comes out, and it says oh, well, you know, it gives you a number, and the number is over a threshold, and you say oh, that's an alarm bell, and I'll look at it.","It must be an interesting history to this whole steganography idea."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Money ball\" is a term used to describe a strategy of using analytics to optimize performance in sports, suggesting that the speaker is using a similar strategy to identify suspicious files.","questions":"How does the speaker identify suspicious files?","answer":"statistics"}
{"text":["Well, yeah. As you said, there's 150,000 British travelers, some 350,000 European and international travelers - all need to get home now. This is a huge job for the government. They're chartering planes. Right now there are planes landing, which they've had to charter. Big logistical nightmare, really expensive - cost of 100 million pounds-plus for the government here.","Wow.","So yeah, it's going to be one of those really interesting (laughter) but really complicated things to work out.","Daniel Thomas of the Financial Times. Thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : 100 million plus means that it cost more than that.","questions":"What is the cost of the government's chartering of planes?","answer":"hundred"}
{"text":["Yes.","I just wondered what that photograph brought up for you that made you want to have it as the cover of your album.","That photograph hit me like a ton of bricks. You know, I had - they had sent me about nine pictures, you know, trying to find something for the album. I didn't see the others. That was the only one I saw, and it grabbed me. You know, these little babies standing on the outside. They want to swing. They want to go on the slide.","And it kind of reminded me of my sisters and I. We had that problem when we were growing up. We couldn't go to the beach. We couldn't go to the park. We wanted some grass. Where we lived, we didn't really have any grass. You know, we'd have to play in a vacant lot with dirt and glass. So that photograph grabbed me in the heart and almost brought me to tears. I said, this is the one.","(Singing) Look at us now. Remember when. We've come a long, long way. We tell ourselves stories only we can believe. It's always hard, so hard to leave.","Does singing these songs give you courage?Do you hope it gives other people courage?What do you hope it gives them?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The photograph reminded me of my childhood and almost made me cry.","questions":"Which emotion did the photograph evoke in me?","answer":"tears"}
{"text":["There are a lot of different stories in your first issue about reducing recidivism, performing Shakespeare in prison, getting a Ph. D.  on the inside. Was there one story in particular that you were really happy inmates would be able to read?","One that comes to mind that I like is about virtual reality. There's juveniles that were sentenced to life without parole previously, but the Supreme Court changed all that. And one facility thought, now they are going to society; what we going to do with them?How we going to prepare them?So they came up with the idea of virtual reality goggles so they can see images of what it looks like to be on the outside. And it was - one gentleman who did the grocery store virtual reality video - when he took the headset off, he had tears streaming down his face. And the first thing out his mouth was, what else in the world has changed?","Wow.","Many men on the inside just wish they can just have a glimpse of what the outside is."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Virtual reality experience has a profound impact on inmates who have never experienced life outside prison","questions":"Which technology was used to give inmates a glimpse of life outside prison?","answer":"VirtualReality"}
{"text":["Members of the Writers Guild of America are back at work today. The three-month labor dispute with Hollywood producers was put to rest last night. Members voted overwhelmingly to end the strike. The dispute centered on what writers should be paid for work distributed over the Internet. So did the writers get what they wanted?That's the question we pose now to Larry Wilmore. He's a member of the WGA's negotiating committee. He's a long-time television writer and producer, also the senior black correspondent for Comedy Central's \"The Daily Show with Jon Stewart. \"He's a clip of Larry on \"The Daily Show\" before the strike:","American blacks love African art, African clothes, African music. We're just not that crazy about Africans.","Frankly, they kind of overdo it, you know?So for blacks to support Obama, he's got to make up his mind. Is he African or American?Because he can't be both. That doesn't make sense.","You were so wrong, Larry. How are you doing?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"American blacks love African art, African clothes, African music. We're just not that crazy about Africans.\" The literal meaning of this turn is that American black people appreciate African culture but are not fond of African people. However, the actual meaning is that there is a cultural appreciation for African arts and music, but there is a disconnect with the people who produce them.","questions":"Which group of people do American blacks appreciate culturally but are not particularly fond of as mentioned in the statement?","answer":"Africans"}
{"text":["But there are some bright spots in the world of retail. We hear about one of them today as part of our series this week, giving you a little break from all that bad economic news. Lisa Olivares manages a kiosk. It's called CCE Headgear. It's at a mall in Fayetteville, North Carolina near Fort Bragg. I recently gave Lisa a call on her cell phone while she was working at the kiosk.","We do custom embroidery. You can either bring in your own items or we provide them for you.","And we're hearing from you on your cell phone at the kiosk now, and we should note that where you are is not too far from Fort Bragg, which is home to the 82nd Airborne Division. And apparently, a lot of the soldiers have been coming home, and how has that affected your business?","Well, I mean, all the economy has been affected, but we're not as bad because luckily, we do do a lot of things for the military. Their wives are still here, so it's constantly them bringing in things that they need to be shipped overseas or just little minor things, things for the babies. It does keep a good flow in, though."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The kiosk's business is not as bad as others due to military customers.","questions":"What is the reason for the kiosk's stable business?","answer":"Military"}
{"text":["Yeah, they were. They were celebrities in the sense that they were the children of the tycoons and the kind of lords of the Gilded Age, the sort of people who grew up in Newport and Fifth Avenue and had names that resonated for a public that, you know, much like today, they know who has the money, who has the power.","Who was Theodore Roosevelt at the time that he was helping to organize this regiment?","So Theodore Roosevelt was - at the time, he was 38 years old. He had gone through a number of careers. He had been a politician. He had been a rancher. He was a historian. But he felt like life was actually passing him by and that he had not really found that thing that motivated him. And so when the war came along, which is something he advocated for, he knew immediately that he had to not just sit at a desk but actually go out and participate.","So I get that you had heard of the Rough Riders. If you read very much American history, you encounter them because of, well, Theodore Roosevelt, for starters. But what made you think there was more to this story than a few brilliant names?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Children of wealthy tycoons and lords of Gilded Age","questions":"Which age were the children of the celebrities from?","answer":"Gilded"}
{"text":["What I can tell you is that they are very interested in immigration. They are very concerned about the numbers of people who have been crossing the border in recent months, and they feel like Congress isn't giving the president what he wants. You know, I've been talking to voters both here and in the area yesterday. And I'd ask people - you know, what is the most important issue to you?And again and again and again, they brought up immigration.","Describe the scene for us there in Orlando. I know people have been camping out for this rally. What's the atmosphere like?","It's this, you know, festival atmosphere that often pops up around a Trump rally. There were people lined up, as you say. I came out at 8 o'clock this morning and walked around, and the line was very, very, very long. And then it turned into Woodstock because there was a massive thunderstorm - I mean, just an unbelievable thunderstorm and lightning and thunder. And there was a sign that went up on a big electronic board that said, we encourage you to take shelter. No one took shelter. Everybody stayed exactly where they were in line as mud just built up around them on the ground. They weren't about to get out of line.","OK. This is the mud part of Woodstock, not the free lover, psychedelics part of Woodstock."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : People are concerned about immigration, not just interested.","questions":"Which issue did voters bring up repeatedly when PersonA asked them?","answer":"Immigration"}
{"text":["Then later on, I ended up having to deal with, really, racism from both sides, from white people, as well as from black people who claimed that I was not really black because of the music I listened to or the way that I speak or some intangible delineation that people make in terms of how you're supposed to behave based upon the color of your skin.","Well, Brian, you know, you went on to basically go about your life and kind of sublimate this incredible pressure. But at some point, it all broke for you. What happened then?","Well, what happened was - I should back up and say that at the time that I wrote \"Not a Genuine Black Man,\" the book and the play, I decided that in order for it to be real and to be true and to be what I wanted it to be, I'd have to be completely naked. And that being the case, I knew that I would have to talk about the darkest moment in my life, which was a very severe period of depression I went through in 1999.","I had - I didn't realize it at the time, but apparently I had suffered depression since childhood, from all of the, you know, strangers driving down the street yelling the N-word, not being included because I was the only black kid and being different. And I'd spent a lot of time isolating and by myself."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A faced racism from both white and black people due to his behavior and interests not aligning with stereotypes of his skin color.","questions":"How did PersonA's behavior and interests lead to racism from both white and black people?","answer":"Behavior"}
{"text":["I think Senator Clinton is prepared to carry forward into her service as secretary of state the change of heart that she underwent in the last several years regarding the war in Iraq. She was for it in the first place. She saw it as necessary in the wake of 9\/11. She was, after all, the senator from New York, and she was, I think, in fairness, we can say, anticipating running for president at some future date against a Republican who would try to make her seem relatively a lightweight on national security.","She has seen it all in a different light, of course, and in running for president in 2008, while she did not ever say she had made a mistake, and she never really repudiated her vote for the war, she did make it clear that she had changed her mind about it. So, I think that she is in harmony with the general thinking of the other members of the national security and foreign policy team here, including, of course, the president-elect himself.","Although the president-elect did say that there would be disagreements when it came to how to approach his foreign policy objectives, he doesn't seem to be shying away from that. Where are some of those disagreements?","There could be disagreements with respect to how we deal with foreign leaders who are particularly of a mind to give the United States fits, let us say, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad of Iran, for example, other foreign leaders perhaps who might emerge in Pakistan or might emerge in other countries who are not in power there now, possibly also including Iraq."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Not shying away means he is not pretending those disagreements don't still exist.","questions":"What does \"not shying away\" suggest?","answer":"Acknowledgment"}
{"text":["There was an early and well-organized campaign of civil disobedience on the streetcars by forcing their way nonviolently onto streetcars and hanging onto their seats until conductors or police officers bodily threw them off.","Octavius Catto must have been an extraordinarily compelling personality.","You know, we like to say he's one of the few historic figures who has been likened to both Martin Luther King and George Steinbrenner. He was part of a generation of young men and women of color who had been raised by parents who had been denied the right to a schoolhouse. And yet, by the time Octavius Catto was 12 or 14 or 15 years old, he'd gotten a terrific education because his father was going to get that for his kid by hook or crook. And so along comes Catto and other men and women like him, by civil war time, came to adulthood believing that they could change the world.","And I have to ask about the baseball team."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Octavius Catto must have been an extraordinarily compelling personality.  Implicated meaning: The statement suggests that Octavius Catto possessed exceptional charisma or persuasive qualities that made him stand out. It implies that his personality had a significant impact on others and likely garnered attention and admiration.","questions":"How would you describe Octavius Catto's personality?","answer":"Compelling"}
{"text":["We cannot tell each time because the publicly available data on Facebook is not - doesn't show you everything. But in many countries, like in Spain, it was actually pretty much two individuals running a coordinated network of pages to spread their message. One was a bit more publicly known. The other one was just, I think, a pensioner in some small island in Spain. And then we saw it all across. Like, it's very fringe-type, sometimes white nationalist. Again, we did not find much political affiliation - only in Germany, where even local and regional AFD politicians were involved in setting up fake and duplicate accounts and be friend with them. And that worried us, as well.","The AFD being that - the far-right party in Germany.","That's right.","Here in the U. S. , as authorities have tried to track disinformation across social media, a lot of the trail has led back to Russia. That's been very much in the headlines here. Did you find that in your investigation in Europe?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Individuals in Spain coordinated network of pages to spread their message","questions":"What country did the individuals in the coordinated network of pages operate in?","answer":"Spain"}
{"text":["I - you've made that point. Let me get to one last question, if I could. President Trump cited Canada as a model of merit-based system, but several news organizations and the Canadian Council of disabilities have pointed out that Stephen Hawking wouldn't be permitted to immigrate in Canada under their system because it does not admit handicapped and disabled people. Do you want that for the United States too?","Well, a merit-based system needs to focus on education and skills, but there is also room for immediate family members to come as well. Canada's point system really contributes only about 15 percent of Canada's annual immigration now. It used to be much higher. It's all in, you know, how you set it up. And we need to be more nimble in our immigration system and look at the outcomes of our immigration policy the way Australia does and be ready to change it if it's not meeting our needs, particularly our economic needs.","Jessica, we. . .","I think that we can do both.","Jessica Vaughn of the Center for Immigration Studies, thanks so much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : I think that we can do both\" - Implied Meaning: We can both focus on education and skills and be flexible in our immigration system.","questions":"What needs to be focused on in a merit-based immigration system according to A?","answer":"Education"}
{"text":["There had to be an innovation. Yeah, John Graham was actually building a revolving bar in Honolulu, and they thought, well, let's since they had - Graham wanted a flying saucer shape. And, of course, Washington state had kicked off the whole flying saucer craze with the sighting at Mt. Rainier in 1947 that the press had called flying saucer. But it became this kind of iconic idea of what the future would look like. Well, because it was this circular shape, a revolving restaurant made sense. Graham patented a gearing system that allowed you to turn the entire restaurant of 250 people with a one-horsepower motor.","Wow.","And that was built up in Everett, Washington, just north of Seattle.","With a size that drives a washing machine. It's very small."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The flying saucer shape is the common shape of how alien space ships were depicted.","questions":"What was the shape of the revolving restaurant?","answer":"BEACH"}
{"text":["OK. So let me break down - let me ask you to break down what that means. What is the yield curve, and what does it mean when it's inverted?","So the yield curve represents interest rates at different maturities. So usually, it's the case that a longer-term interest rate has a higher rate than a short-term interest rate. So think of a certificate of deposit at your bank. If you lock your money up for five years, you expect to get a higher rate than, let's say, locking it up for six months.","But in certain rare situations, things get backwards, and it turns out that the long-term interest rate is lower than the short-term rate. And that's called an inverted yield curve. That's exactly the situation we've got right now. And it is a harbinger of bad news.","So unemployment is at a 50-year low. The GDP is growing. Does that have an effect on the yield curve?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : harbinger it implies to announce or to precede ","questions":"How would you describe the yield curve in an inverted situation?","answer":"rates"}
{"text":["And a couple of weeks after that, I got a phone call from a Vietnam vet who wanted me to write an obit about a World War II vet who served on a submarine and is basically a hero. And I was so moved by his story. And I realized that this is where I connect. This is where all African-Americans connect to America. I mean, our people have served and have done so much so that people like me can have the opportunities that I have.","So I guess it's a story of - in a way, of me searching for who I am. Searching for my history, searching for my people's history.","Give me an example of one of the stories that you found about a World War II veteran.","Well, one of the veterans I interviewed was a man named Waverly Woodson (ph). And I saw the movie \"Saving Private Ryan,\" and I mean, I thought it was a great movie. But I was really struck by the fact that there were like no black people in it. And I assumed that no African-Americans served on D-Day. But when I started writing the book, I really wanted to find an African-American who served on D-Day, because I soon found that that was not the case."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : black people  implies African American people and not black color humans beings","questions":"What does the turn \"black people\" refer to?","answer":"to"}
{"text":["So Flame has - so far they've found about 20 modules that can be swapped in and out, and they do everything from turning on the internal microphone and webcam on your computer, this way that they could record conversations that you have over Skype or conversations that you have in the room, in the vicinity of the computer.","It takes screenshots of your communications. They seem particularly interested in any email communications or instant messaging communication that you do. It also turns your computer into a Bluetooth beacon. So if you have Bluetooth enabled on your computer, they will turn that on and do a discovery for other Bluetooth-enabled devices in the vicinity, such as a phone, and they will use your computer to then siphon the contact information that is in any phone in the area.","Wow. Wow.","Why all those things?I mean, what's the reason for that?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"Bluetooth beacon\" is a figurative expression that means that the software makes the computer emit a signal that other Bluetooth-enabled devices can detect, just like a lighthouse beacon emits a signal that ships can detect.","questions":"Which type of signal does the Flame software make the Bluetooth-enabled devices detect?","answer":"Bluetooth"}
{"text":["I don't know where life would have led Ionel Talpazan if he'd slept on a cardboard box on a corner of, say, Akron or Peoria. But in New York, a famous art figure named Henry Tobler saw an artist in his drawings and wrote about him in scholarly journals. His pictures were included in Manhattan art galleries, and from the 1990s on, Ionel made his way in the world by his art. By the time he died, his works had hung at the American Visionary Art Museum and museums in San Francisco, London, Berlin, Madrid and France. Talpazans were sold in fancy galleries from SoHo to Chelsea. The man who'd slept in a box moved to a New York apartment.","My art shows spiritual technology, something beautiful and beyond human imagination that comes from another galaxy, he once told the Western Folklore journal. So in a relative way, this is like the God. Ionel Talpazan imagined incredible things and made them alive in the eyes of others. In a way, he did escape on his UFO.","(Singing) I wouldn't fool you, but I - I've seen the saucers so many times, I'm almost. . .","Elton John. You're listening to NPR News."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  while (4) is a call back to the story of Ionel Talpazan by using the metaphor of a UFO to symbolize his escape from his life in poverty.","questions":"Which story is (3) a call back to?","answer":"Ionel-Talpazan"}
{"text":["There was a feeling over the last couple of days before I left that the military-backed ruling party was just a little taken aback by this humiliating defeat. I mean, they only won one seat and that hardliners in the party might not have taken too kindly to what happened and might want to retaliate in some way. And I think some people are afraid that some disgruntled hardliners might try to retaliate against Aung San Suu Kyi, which, of course, would be a disaster for the reform process and a disaster for the country. But so far, that hasn't happened yet, and now, they're talking about trying to reinvent themselves in the run-up to the 2015 general election.","And if last week's election results were any indication, the NLD looks like it would sweep those elections, and then what happens to the military-backed ruling party?I mean, they're out the door, and then if you - if the NLD, for example, had a majority in parliament - I know we're getting ahead of ourselves - but if they had a majority, then they could actually talk about rewriting that constitution, yeah?","And at that point, push comes to shove, no?","Push could come to shove, yes. I mean, people used to having their way for a very long time aren't usually very eager to give up what they have."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1)\tA:\tThere was a feeling over the last couple of days before I left that the military-backed ruling party was just a little taken aback by this humiliating defeat.I mean, they only won one seat and that hardliners in the party might not have taken too kindly to what happened and might want to retaliate in some way.And I think some people are afraid that some disgruntled hardliners might try to retaliate against Aung San Suu Kyi, which, of course, would be a disaster for the reform process and a disaster for the country.But so far, that hasn't happened yet, and now, they're talking about trying to reinvent themselves in the run-up to the 2015 general election. (2)\tA:\tAnd if last week's election results were any indication, the NLD looks like it would sweep those elections, and then what happens to the military-backed ruling party?I mean, they're out the door, and then if you - if the NLD, for example, had a majority in parliament - I know we're getting ahead of ourselves - but if they had a majority, then they could actually talk about rewriting that constitution, yeah? (3)\tB:\tAnd at that point, push comes to shove, no? (4)\tA:\tPush could come to shove, yes.I mean, people used to having their way for a very long time aren't usually very eager to give up what they have.  Please choose the turns whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings.   (1) Please choose a confidence score ( marks how confidence you are that there is implied meaning in this turn ) :   4 : You are not sure whether everybody will agree that this turn has implied meanings but you believe that most of them will Please write a implied meaning ( More than 8 words! ) :","questions":"What could be a potential disaster for the reform process and the country?","answer":"Retaliation"}
{"text":["They have indeed. They've been subject to very serious, tough sanctions in the past not just from the United States but from the entire international community. That's involved restrictions on their energy sector, their banking sector and an array of other economic sectors.","How have they gotten around them?","Well, in some instances, they haven't been able to. So during the period of most intensive, multilateral sanctions on Iran - this is 2012 to 2015 - they had great difficulty evading sanctions. It happened here and there, certainly when it came to sales of oil, certain cargoes or bartering - financial bartering - some smuggling activities. But the fear now is that, in an instance where there's unilateral sanctions on Iran, it may have ample opportunity to cheat and evade these sanctions.","Unilateral meaning, of course, just the United States. So it'll be tougher for the sanctions to have any effect if, for example, China or Russia and, let's say, Germany don't go along.","Right, exactly. So right now the European Union, in general, and the E3, in particular, have - that being the United Kingdom, France and Germany - have expressed an interest in maintaining their commitment to the deal. And that means continuing to give Iran economic relief promised to it under the deal. That means potentially violating U. S.  sanctions or creating ways for European companies to not abide by U. S.  sanctions.","And how does the U. S.  respond, at least under this administration?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : European countries may violate US sanctions or find ways for their companies to not abide by them to maintain their commitment to the Iran deal.","questions":"How might European countries respond to U.S. sanctions on Iran?","answer":"Violate"}
{"text":["Thanks, Michel.","Now, you've been reporting along the border all day. What have you seen?","Well, I was at the actual border this morning. It's a river that divides Mexico and Guatemala. And there was no presence of authorities there. So there are these inflatable rafts that carry people and goods across the river, and they were traveling without a problem across the river. So I saw several groups of migrants cross this morning. But things change as you move north on highways here.","So I'm currently at a highway checkpoint. There's about a dozen Mexican migration officers, as well as Mexican Army and Mexican police. And they're stopping every van and bus that comes by here and checking it for undocumented migrants.","So tell us a little bit more, if you would, about what happens to travelers who arrive at those checkpoints."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Mexican officials are actively searching for undocumented migrants.","questions":"What are Mexican officials searching for at highway checkpoints?","answer":"Undocumented"}
{"text":["Look, I think the president's actually been very clear about the things that he wants. He wants to address border security, he wants to deal with chain migration, and he wants to deal with the lottery. And he's certainly willing to provide legal status for DREAMers. So if those are your four principle points and they've been known for months, there ought to be a way to reach an agreement.","Border security means a wall?","It means border security. The president's acknowledged he's not talking about a wall from sea to shining sea. But it does require physical structures in a lot of places. Back in 2006, Congress actually voted for about twice the amount of physical barriers that we have today - so finishing that off, rebuilding parts of it. But again, as both General Kelly and the president acknowledged, we're not talking about a wall across the entire length of the border. But we are calling for much more intense border security.","Representative Tom Cole of Oklahoma, thanks for joining us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It means border security... But we are calling for much more intense border security.  Implication: A is clarifying that \"border security\" does not only mean building a wall, but also includes other measures, such as physical barriers in certain areas and intensified security measures overall.","questions":"What does \"border security\" mean according to A?","answer":"security"}
{"text":["Captain, thanks for coming on the program.","You're welcome. Thank you for having me.","So as I understand, you began your transition in 2016. And I know a lot of this policy and whether it applies depends on where someone is in that process. Does this policy apply to you?","Well, so any policy that the DOD implements is going to apply to me as a member of the DOD. I think, specifically, I'll be part of the so-called grandfather clause here and be, quote-unquote, \"OK\" as we move forward. And so maybe not in the specific sense, but I think it applies in general that any time you put a policy in place that affects a specific group of people, i. e. transgender people in this case, it's going to affect me, whether directly or because of the implications and the intention behind it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker's use of a particular tone or emphasis suggests that they may be implying something indirectly, without stating it explicitly.","questions":"What does the PersonA's tone suggest?","answer":"Implying"}
{"text":["(Reading from diary) Woke up not feeling well. I spent the entire day online on WebMD. I can say with a hundred percent certainty that I have pleurisy, tuberculosis, brainstem cancer or an enlarged prostate. I found a great cure for whatever ails you - a coffee enema. The only negative - I could never go back to Starbucks.","I can't read this. Joan Rivers' new book is called \"Diary of a Mad Diva. \"She joins us from New York. Thanks so much.","Oh, it makes me so happy when you laugh.","Well, it's funny. I have to ask you, do you have as much plastic surgery as you say you do or is it kind of like Dean Martin and his drinking?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) B's question about plastic surgery implies that B thinks the person being asked has had a lot of plastic surgery and may not be truthful about it, even though the literal meaning of the question is simply asking about the extent of the person's plastic surgery.","questions":"Which question implies that PersonB thinks the person being asked has had a lot of plastic surgery and may not be truthful about it?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["Yeah, thank you.","So tell us what the article said.","Well, it's very interesting. It's in the Jesuit magazine La Civilta Cattolica. It's a very historic magazine, the Jesuits, of course, being the same order that Pope Francis - an order of priest that Pope Francis is a part of. And what's very interesting is that these two authors are known to be quite close to him. One, Antonio Spadaro, was the person who interviewed him in 2013 and made a big splash. And what they're saying is that they're concerned about ties between fundamental evangelicals and, kind of, right-wing Catholics in the U. S.  that are focused only on very neuralgic issues and kind of dividing in politics.","And the article, I believe, specifically talks about xenophobic and Islamophobic views.","Yeah. What the authors say is that, you know, Pope Francis has really been trying to create a culture of dialogue encounter, really working with people across all the spectrums. And what the two authors in this article are saying is that these right-wing groups in the U. S.  have been really doing the opposite. Where Pope Francis is trying to build bridges, they're trying to build walls. And they're playing up concerns about migration, about refugees. And they're kind of operating in the exact opposite way of the pope which, for a Catholic, is obviously a very strange thing.","All right, this article also directly mentions President Donald Trump and his adviser Steve Bannon. What does it say about them?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Tell us what the article said\" - The literal meaning is a request for a summary or explanation of the contents of an article.","questions":"How is the Jesuit magazine La Civilta Cattolica described in the dialogue?","answer":"Historic"}
{"text":["I think it is a serious threat. I don't see strong evidence that it has increased as of late. Iran has the ability to act via proxy organizations towards United States troops, diplomats, other assets that might be in the region. It also has the mechanisms to act against our partners and against our allies either directly or through the proxy organizations that it has a relationship with.","And paint me a little bit of a picture of what that map looks like when you describe Iran's proxy organizations in the Middle East.","So Iran's strongest relationship is with Lebanese Hezbollah. That allows them to have a measure of influence both to act in Lebanon, to act towards Israel from Lebanon but increasingly to act in other countries where Iran has essentially deployed Lebanese Hezbollah troops to, including Syria.","It has also been improving its relationship with Houthi rebels in Yemen, though its ability to direct or control the Houthis is still very limited. And it has long-established relationships with Iraqi militias.","Does Iran have control over its proxies?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Iran uses Lebanese Hezbollah troops to expand its influence in the region","questions":"How does Iran expand its influence in the region?","answer":"Troops"}
{"text":["Absolutely. In fact, there is. It's very simple. If you go to the grocery store and you buy some blue food coloring, you can take it home. And I caution you to be very careful. It will stain the rug in your house, as I am. . .","Yeah.",". . . living proof of.","I hate it when that happens, you know."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  B: \"I hate it when that happens, you know.\" The literal meaning suggests that the person simply dislikes it when something similar happens. However, the actual meaning could be that the person is using the phrase \"when that happens\" in a broader context, expressing frustration or annoyance with situations that lead to unwanted consequences or accidents in general.","questions":"What is the actual meaning of \"when that happens\" in PersonB's statement?","answer":"Situations"}
{"text":["Well, that's the thing. Three areas we've looked at - covering about 55 square miles of the jungle - target one, target two and target three. And the first one was target one, and we found these all these archeological features. They covered hundreds of acres, maybe even thousands of acres, and this is gigantic. And then they moved on to target two, and they marked that, and then they moved on to target three. And target three showed even more striking features.","And we've - an archaeologist has been looking at them and a guy named Chris Fisher, who is an archaeologist at the Colorado State University, who's an expert on LIDAR, and he tells us that there is a city in T3 that is comparable in area to the city of Copan. It's absolutely enormous. The track is two square - five square kilometers.","And if these valleys are so remote, how did these civilizations develop in this unforgiving area?","Well, that's the thing. We're only now starting to realize that this so-called virgin or impenetrable jungle in prehistoric times was anything but. It was very heavily settled. There were many thousands of people living in these areas, and it wasn't virgin jungle. It was more like a tended garden. They cleared huge areas for farming. They terraced. They built irrigation canals. They built roads. They built enormous pyramids and structures."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The prehistoric people cleared huge areas for farming, terraced, built irrigation canals, roads, pyramids and structures.","questions":"What did the prehistoric people build?","answer":"Structures"}
{"text":["Both the trains slowed. I was standing there with my bag over my shoulder, ready to jump. It was windy. It was cold. It was kind of getting dark. And so they finally lined up the cars correctly, and I was told to run across the loose rocks and jump on to the other train.","The conductor on the other train pulled me on to that car. Once I was onboard, another conductor came through the car, and she said to me, don't get up when we get to Milwaukee. What I heard from her was don't get up, or I will kill you. I did not move the rest of the trip.","So I get to Saint Paul. I'm looking for my brother. He's late. So he gets there, and I ask him, why were you late?And he says, well, I checked the train schedule, and it said it was running behind. Oh, that was because of me.","A travel nightmare with a happy ending from Anne Fleury in Milwaukee. Send us your stories, please. Go to weekendeditionsaturday@npr. org. Click on contact. Put Travel Nightmare at the top of your message."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) The actual meaning of the turn is different from its literal meaning. The statement \"don't get up when we get to Milwaukee\" is meant as a warning not to get off the train at Milwaukee, rather than a threat to kill the speaker if they move.","questions":"Which city did the speaker receive a warning not to get off the train at?","answer":"Milwaukee"}
{"text":["Do you report them?","Yeah. I mean, I can call up, you know, different agencies if I have enough information. And in this instance, I did. I do know that, you know, a couple days later, I saw the same person was booked into the jail for domestic violence. You know, for me, that helps me to sleep at night because just maybe that firearm that I would've sold that person - what would it have done if it would've been used in that crime?","Were there other instances where maybe something bought from your store, you know, was used to commit a crime, or is this the first time that you've had to deal with something like this?","You know, it comes around. This is the first time where it's been national, and we've had all kinds of coverage of it. But it is not an uncommon thing to have the FBI or the ATF call up and say, we need to know this person's information or what happened with this situation. That happens probably every couple months."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker has had multiple interactions with law enforcement agencies inquiring about the activities of their customers.","questions":"What is the frequency of the PersonA's interactions with law enforcement agencies?","answer":"Every"}
{"text":["Here's another example - property buyouts. So the federal government will sometimes buy properties with federal and local money after a disaster, like floods. And the land gets turned into permanent green space. And in the future, no other homes or businesses or potential lives will be lost there. That's the point of the buyout.","So if they're buying out property, you have to be a property owner to benefit from that. And people with more wealth are generally more often property owners. Is that how this is working?","Mm-hmm. And there have been barriers to property ownership in the U. S.  for various people, various racial groups, as well.","Sure."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In turn (2), the speaker acknowledges that people who own properties are more likely to benefit from property buyouts. However, the implied meaning is that the property buyout program may reinforce existing socioeconomic disparities, as people with more wealth are generally more often property owners. This suggests that the program may not be equally accessible to everyone, which is different from the literal meaning of the turn.","questions":"How does the property buyout program potentially reinforce socioeconomic disparities?","answer":"Socioeconomic"}
{"text":["You know, the liveliest speculation game in Washington right now is playing Rexit (ph), guessing the day that Rex Tillerson exits the Cabinet. He was first suggested to Bush - suggested by Bush officials. He was not a Trump crony. And the Bush officials had little use for Trump. And Tillerson was accepted by Trump despite the fact that he had little use for former Bush officials. So this was not a marriage made in heaven. And at the moment, it promises to be a mercifully brief marriage.","Bob Corker of Tennessee Senate, head of the Senate foreign relations committee, said, quote, \"I think Secretary Tillerson, Secretary Mattis and chief of staff Kelly are those people that help separate our country from chaos. \"That is not a ringing endorsement of executive leadership, is it?","No. And the question is, from whence cometh this chaos?Is it something that the president can't protect us from?Or is the chaos, in a sense, the responsibility of this palace guard because it's coming from inside the palace itself?","And president had dinner with military families, called in photographers and said, maybe it's the calm before the storm. And when he was asked why, he said, you'll find out. What do you make of this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of (4) is that President Trump had dinner with military families, called in photographers and said that it may be \"the calm before the storm\". When asked why he said \"you'll find out\". The actual meaning of (4) is that President Trump is creating a sense of mystery and suspense, which implies that there may be something major yet to come.","questions":"How did President Trump create a sense of anticipation during his dinner with military families?","answer":"Mystery"}
{"text":["It's great to be with you, Ira. Thank you.","I'm just looking at the abstract of your study, and some of these numbers are amazing. Seventy-two percent, 72 of all Americans think that global warming should be a very high or medium or a priority for the president and the Congress. That crosses all party lines.","It does. It includes 84 percent of Democrats, 68 percent of independents and 52 percent of Republicans. So yes, there is this difference between Democrats and Republicans. But nonetheless, a majority of Republicans do think that global warming should be a priority for our elected officials.","So why are we all under the impression that there is not this majority?","Ah. Great question. So one of the things that became very clear to us early in our research was that Americans don't speak with a single voice on this issue. And in fact, what we've identified is what we call a global warming's six Americas, that essentially you can look at the country and find that there are six very different communities within the United States, that each respond to this issue in very different ways. One group we call the alarmed. That's only about 12 percent of the public."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : So why are we all under the impression that there is not this majority? (Literal meaning: asking for an explanation for the discrepancy between the actual support for global warming priority and the perception that such support is lacking)","questions":"What is the name of the group that represents only 12% of the public in terms of their response to the issue of global warming?","answer":"Alarmed"}
{"text":["It occurred on August 1st, in the late hours of the morning. One Serbian fell, and another (unintelligible) porter fell as well trying to rescue him, and that was the beginning of the fatalities. However, the serac fall, which stranded most of the climbers, didn't occur until quite late in the evening on August 1st.","A serac is a big column of ice, a big sheet of ice. And it fell off the mountain, and that complicated things for a lot of people. What were conditions like?","The weather was completely calm, very cold and clear, which is normal. No wind and as the day began to - as the sun began to rise, the weather was actually better than we could have hoped for. But, of course, things changed. The wind began to pick up the next day as people were stranded, and that complicated the rescue effort.","You were attempting to summit on that day, weren't you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"You were attempting to summit on that day, weren't you?\" - The literal meaning is that the speaker is asking if the person was planning to reach the summit on that day. The implied meaning could be that the speaker wants to know if the person was involved in the events that were being discussed earlier.","questions":"Which day did the serac fall occur?","answer":"August"}
{"text":["So the first thing you need to do is call your fund and see, you know, are you going to be covered, are you going to buy into the pool?I have to say, in all my years - and I've been doing this for a ridiculously long amount of time - I was extraordinarily surprised by the collapse of money funds. If you - right now, they are being backed by the government, and I think that's as good as you can get. If you're - again, if you're terrified, you're going to want to go to Treasury bills or you're going to want to go to your local bank","All right, John, hold on for a minute. We're going to take a quick break and we're going to come back and continue this conversation, and we're going to ask you to answer some questions from some listeners on News & Notes. We'll be right back.","This is News & Notes, I'm Tony Cox. We're back with USA Today's investment columnist, John Waggoner.","John, you've been explaining to us how the ripple effects of Wall Street are hitting the average American, and now we have some questions for you from a few of our listeners. You ready?"],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Pool is not a literal term, it just means a collection of money. ","questions":"How does John describe the term \"pool\"?","answer":"Collection"}
{"text":["And how did this start?","Well, about 20 years ago, we were thinking about doing a literary magazine because at the time there weren't too many journals out there for new writers. There weren't many literary journals at all during that time. And so we stumbled upon an idea that we had started with one of our friends from college where he had given me a first line to start a story. And then I would write the story. And then I would send it to him. And I'd give him a first line. And he would start a story. And he would send that back to me. And we did that. And so we decided that we'd open that up to the rest of the world.","How many stories do you typically get?","We run between 300 and 450 submissions in issue."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : 3) is the same as its literal meaning, which is asking for information about the number of stories typically received by the literary magazine.","questions":"Which issue receives between 300 and 450 submissions?","answer":"Magazine"}
{"text":["Hello.","Hi. I don't even know where to begin this story. It is so crazy. I guess I'll note Britons who do seem to love a really deliciously gossipy trashy tabloid tell-all, maybe they were overdue for a good scandal.","I have to say we've really, really needed it. Britain is exhausted by Brexit and the constant doom and gloom. So it's no surprise that WAGatha Christie, as you mentioned in the introduction, has broken the Internet today. And the reason why it's called WAGatha Christie is that WAG or WAGs is an acronym commonly used here to refer to the wives and girlfriends of high-profile athletes. And two of the women involved in today's feud are two of the most high-profile WAGs in the country.","OK. The wives or girlfriends in question here are Coleen Rooney and Rebekah Vardy. Who are these two women?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The internet had a large amount of cites where they was mentioned ","questions":"Which medium had a large amount of cites where they were mentioned?","answer":"Internet"}
{"text":["I think, it means, that the voters, or the people being polled as voters, don't take their cues from the media, which is not really hard to believe. I think most people absorb a certain amount of media information that they choose from certain sources of media information. They generally tend to go to ones that they find simpatico. They may agree or not agree with a lot of what they hear, but they make up their own minds, and they make up their minds on the basis of things that were in their minds before they went to the media.","Well, Ron. Thanks so much.","My pleasure, Farai.","Ron Elving is NPR's senior Washington editor. He joined us from NPR's headquarters in Washington, D. C."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The media does not have as much influence over voters as people might think.","questions":"Which entity's influence on voters is being questioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Media"}
{"text":["Well, Jo, when she came to Parliament in May 2015, she immediately began work on the Syria refugee crisis. She set up a cross party group of MPs to work on the issue. She was one of the first people to call for humanitarian aid drops to the besieged towns and cities of Syria. And she was instrumental in changing U. K.  government policy so that the conservative government has now agreed to take 3,000 unaccompanied Syrian refugee children who are in desperate need of our help, solidarity and support. And so in that short one year, one month in Parliament, she made a tremendous difference. People had already marked her down as a rising star in the Labour Party.","And we should remember, she had a young family, I gather.","Jo had two young children, age 3 and 5, and she was talking about how one of them had chickenpox only the other day. She (inaudible) houseboat with her husband Brendan and the children. And it is so hard for people to come to terms with this senseless death. And we are shocked to the core.","Campaigning has been temporarily suspended in the referendum that's coming up in just a few days about whether Britain should stay in the European Union or leave. Could you tell us something about the political atmosphere in Britain as you see it now as this important referendum approaches?"],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : implies that the speaker is impressed with how Jo was able to balance her work with parenting; (3) implies that the speaker is expressing disbelief and dismay at the tragedy of Jo's death; (4) implies that the speaker is asking for an opinion on the current political atmosphere in Britain","questions":"Which turn implies admiration for Jo's ability to juggle work and family?","answer":"Turn2"}
{"text":["Does an event like this and forecast like that have the effect of concentrating the mind of not just financial planners. . .",". . . but people in Congress making these decisions. And I hear a little laugh.","You would think it would. And in the past, it has. I mean, as they gotten closer to the deadline, enough fear spread that they could pass something or do something or kick the can or whatever. But this time, one of the things that makes this time feel different is that there really are a lot of House Republicans who say, ah, let it default. It'll just shrink the government, will be all good. And it is an act of - I don't even know how to describe it. It's insanity.","Yeah. Well, Austan Goolsbee, I believe, used that word. Quick last question, if we could. So, October 17th is a real deadline but you think some of the effects, potentially, will be down the road."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The phrase \"kick the can\" is a metaphorical expression meaning to delay dealing with a problem. Additionally, the phrase \"let it default\" is a figurative expression meaning to allow the United States to default on its debts.","questions":"How would you describe the House Republicans' attitude towards default?","answer":"Shrink"}
{"text":["I think they have put a scare into people enough that they'd approve almost anything, and that's unfortunate. But I think we rely on our leadership. Cal Rapson, who is our vice president, has been in General Motors his entire life. I worked with Cal when I was here as a president. I think he understands the needs of auto workers, understands what GM can do and what they can't do, and I think, if we follow his leadership along with Ron Getelfinger, we're not going to be in too bad a shape.","You worked at a GM plant for 32 years. What you're seeing right now, how does that compare to what you've seen in the past?There have been troubled times before.","Never have seen anything to this magnitude. Well, my local has gone from 14,000 members to 2,000. When I was here, we were worrying about what was our next product, not worrying about whether we were going to have a product.","And so, for some of the workers that are there now with you at this UAW hall currently employed, what are they talking about?Are they coming up with a plan B in case this doesn't happen and they don't have jobs?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The situation is much worse than ever before and people are starting to think about alternative options if their current job is not secured.","questions":"What are workers at the UAW hall discussing as a plan B?","answer":"Alternative"}
{"text":["Yes.","They got very close.","Yeah. They got way too close. It would've been an absolute disaster, politically, politically - never mind anything else - for Mr.  Lincoln if the Confederates had just marched into Washington, you know, burned Washington. And that could have very easily had happened. Grant would have been disgraced. Lincoln might have lost the election in November because this would be such an embarrassment, psychological impact would've been incalculable.","I want to talk about Lincoln and I think that there's a monument up there to Lincoln's role in this battle."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Turn (4): \"I want to talk about Lincoln and I think that there's a monument up there to Lincoln's role in this battle\" - The literal meaning is that the speaker wants to discuss a monument related to Lincoln's role in a battle. However, the actual meaning could be that the speaker wants to discuss Lincoln's role in the battle itself, rather than just the monument.","questions":"What does the speaker want to discuss beyond the monument?","answer":"Battle"}
{"text":["And how do you do that?","Well, on the behavioral side, that means helping them go from being in this setting to open air and open - eventually open water. We would take them through a very careful process of getting used to the transport units, getting used to being on a crane and in a truck and then in a tank on the dock. Eventually, they might even take drives around Baltimore to get used to the idea that they're going to be mobile since they've have not done that before.","The other aspect is the physiological adaptation, and that's a very complex and laborious process. Every - all living organisms have a microbiome associated with them. That's all the microorganisms that live around us and on us - bacteria, fungus, spores, larvae, et cetera. Dolphins do too and, in fact, in seawater, it's quite present. And the water that they live in now, which is man-made saltwater, it's fairly sterile. And of course, the ocean is not sterile.","So we will go through a long process, once we've selected a site, that will begin to integrate that water into the water they live in here so that eventually, when they leave here, they will be in water that almost completely matches the water that they'll be moving to.","I gather, Mr.  Racanelli, you've known dolphins, worked with them in a sense, since you were a teenager."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The process of helping dolphins adjust to open water involves gradually introducing them to the same type of water they will encounter in the ocean, so that when they are released, they will be able to survive in the new environment.","questions":"What is the purpose of integrating the water in the dolphin's current location with the water they will encounter in the ocean?","answer":"Integration"}
{"text":["With more tariffs looming in the U. S. -China trade war, American companies are growing more pessimistic about the outlook for doing business in China. But 87% of U. S.  firms with operations in China say they still haven't moved production to another country, and they have no plans to do so. That's according to a new survey from the U. S. -China Business Council.","To find out why most plan to stay put, we've called up Jay Foreman. He's the CEO of Basic Fun. It's the toy company that makes K'Nex, Lincoln Logs, Cutetitos and Pound Puppies.","Jay Foreman, welcome.","Thank you. Glad to be here.","So I understand that currently 90% of your products are manufactured in China. Tell me why. What benefits does China offer you to base your manufacturing there?"],"speaker":["B","B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : What is China offering you to keep using them to manufacture the products?","questions":"Which country is being referred to in turn 4?","answer":"China"}
{"text":["Hey, Lulu.","So, Gene, let's start by looking at the money involved in big-time college sports. You looked specifically at the Power Five.","Yup, the Power Five conferences - the SEC, the Big Ten, the Big 12, the Pac-12, and the ACC. They win all the trophies, and they make all the money. According to ESPN, in 2015, they made $6 billion.","Six billion?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B wants to discuss the financial aspect of big-time college sports.","questions":"What did the Power Five conferences make in 2015, according to ESPN?","answer":"$6-billion"}
{"text":["My father believed the world was divided between those who were mentally and physically strong and those who were weak and lazy. For this, I had to undergo a physical and psychological training.","Can you tell us about those nights in the cellar?","From the age of 6, I had to spend one night a month in the basement meditating on death. I sat on a stool, alone, in the dark, surrounded by rats. And I had a cardigan with small bells on it. I wasn't allowed to let the bells tinkle, as it meant that I was moving. It was one of his exercises.","There are just too many instances of abuse and cruelty to recount - I mean, the way he didn't turn on the heat, the way he made you bathe in his dirty water. He said he gave you his energy that way or something."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : My father wanted to create a dichotomy between those who could endure physical and psychological hardships and those who were not as strong or determined.","questions":"Which dichotomy did the father want to create?","answer":"Endure"}
{"text":["But so yeah, so toilet seats and pillowcases are very, very similar. We tend to find more species associated with our mouths on pillowcases and more species associated with feces, with gut microbes, on toilet seats. But in any given house we might or might not be able to distinguish those two. And in general, you know, these places that we sit, that we lay down, they sort of fill with species that fall off of us, you know, biased in one way or another toward a specific part of our body.","But it's kind of this mark we leave on the world everywhere we go, and presumably it's the same on planes, it's the same in our cars.","It sounds like our dogs leave a mark, too.","Yeah, so one of the really interesting things for us was to try to figure out what explains why your house is different from my house, why any house is different from any other house. And there are lots of things that you can imagine might be important, you know, the size of your house, your air conditioner, the number of people in your house, whether you're a vegetarian."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Toilet seats and pillowcases have more microbes than we think.","questions":"How are toilet seats and pillowcases similar in terms of microbes?","answer":"Similar"}
{"text":["You offered to do this for nothing. Is that offer still out there?","Of course.","You manage, well, you did manage $720 billion in assets. I'm not sure your portfolio's still worth 720. A month ago, it was.","Well, it's worth more now because we've grown and taken in additional assets, not because our assets have miraculously gone up in price."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A clarifies that the value of the portfolio increased due to acquiring additional assets, not due to a rise in asset prices","questions":"Which factor caused the value of the portfolio to increase?","answer":"Acquiring"}
{"text":["My pleasure.","Could you just tell us what the weather is like right now?","Well, currently, it's been blue day. I mean, we've had some bands of rain come through from time to time, but it's a nice day. The water is calm. It's clouding up a little bit.","Do you have any guests at the resort at the moment?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The weather is not actually blue, but it's a nice day overall","questions":"What is the weather like?","answer":"Cloudy."}
{"text":["Tequila.","Hey, before we go - I go pouring it in, give it a smell, though.","OK.","It's very vegetal."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : the literal meaning of \"OK\" is simply an acknowledgement or agreement. However, in this context, the actual meaning might be something like \"I understand\" or \"I accept.\"","questions":"Which word might PersonB have used instead of \"OK\" to convey a deeper level of understanding in this context?","answer":"Understand"}
{"text":["God, I know, the torment of it. You know, it's weird to be an artist who works really slow. I mean, we have a country that does not like people to take the time. We have a country that even its artists are on the punch-clock. So someone like me really stands out, you know. But you've got to do what you've got to do. And hopefully I can just finish it, forget how long it takes. As long as I can finish the darn thing, I'll be grateful.","Yeah, the last book took - I know it was sort of a painful process for you, wasn't it, this most recent book?","But, you know, that process gets lost. No one remembers it. No one - and that's what's the best part about being artist. There's all the sweat you break, all the dust you raise, all the sort of things, all the internal emotional timbre that goes in the work. No one will remember. That's the best part. All that's left is the actual work.","And, you know, my books, I try to keep the sweat off the books. So people read it, and they're like wow, this feels like this was effortless. That's a great - for me, more than anything, that's the best part of this. My work, that what I put into it doesn't show on the page. That's, like, great."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The hard work and emotions put into creating art are not always acknowledged or remembered.","questions":"How does the artist feel about the hard work put into creating art?","answer":"Satisfied"}
{"text":["Well, there have been reports - I mean, certainly the separatist commander that we spoke to today said that they, in fact, are moving westward. There have been some reports of fighting in a village not far from here. But the large-scale offensive that sort of seemed to be happening earlier in the week has slowed for now.","And anything about a Ukrainian fighter jet being shot down?There were some reports this week.","Yes, this is the third jet in recent times that has been shot down. And in this case, the Ukrainians claim it was some sort of Russian missile launcher that brought it down. There's been no response from the Russian side. Of course, the Russians deny there are any Russian troops here at all. They say if anyone's here, they're volunteers. And, in fact, the commander that we spoke to - the separatist commander who claims he's from Odessa - says that they have some volunteers, but these are a very tall or short people. A one-eyed sniper was one person that he referred to and said these are not people who would be serving in the Russian military.","NPR's Soraya Sarhaddi Nelson, thanks very much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The actual meaning is different from the literal meaning in turn (3). When A says \"these are a very tall or short people. A one-eyed sniper was one person that he referred to,\" they are not literally referring to people who are only tall or short or have one eye. Rather, they are using these descriptions as a way to suggest that the volunteers mentioned by the separatist commander are unconventional and perhaps not what one would expect to see in a typical military unit.","questions":"What is the reason behind using the descriptions \"tall or short\" and \"one-eyed sniper\" to refer to the volunteers mentioned by the separatist commander?","answer":"Volunteers"}
{"text":["I think it's also worth noting that the money here is astronomically higher than what an insurance commissioner normally raises. It was donated three years in advance to when Causey would have been running for re-election. He hadn't even announced his re-election bid here. And the maximum that donors can give in this state is $5,400 per person.","Any response from Hayes or the other defendants?","I've left Chairman Hayes a voicemail. I have not heard from him. He has not said anything publicly. We have not heard from any of the other ones, any other folks who have been indicted at this time.","And to pull back for a moment, what about the state Republican Party?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : To pull back for a moment means to take a step back and consider the bigger picture.","questions":"What does \"pull back\" mean?","answer":"Step"}
{"text":["It's the most vegetal thing I've ever smelled.","Excellent. And we're going to add the ginger.","OK.","And then I got some mint. And then I got a little lime. OK, and then I'll do a little agave."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) \"And then I got some mint.And then I got a little lime.OK, and then I'll do a little agave\" is a list of ingredients and a plan of action.","questions":"Which list?","answer":"Turn3"}
{"text":["Well, the state of the free world is at stake as always in college football, as you know. I really feel that the one thing about college football that people do gravitate toward - I'm not a huge college football fan myself - but I feel like what it does to people who really care about it is that it really is a winner-take-all type of thing. You kind of have to win every single game. You lose one game and your national title hopes are dashed. So, when you have a big matchup early and you're just getting started, this is a big game. Well, I think it's a bigger game for Michigan and for Alabama, naturally, because Alabama is defending national championship. They'll be there at the end. But if you're Michigan, this is a good chance early on to show what you've got.","I guess things don't look so great for my Boise State Broncos, right?This is a rebuilding year in Boise.","Exactly. And I was thinking that last night when they lost. I said, oh, well, goodness, Boise State lost one game therefore their entire future has been destroyed, and for - at least there's next year, right?","At least there's next year. Howard Bryant, senior writer at ESPN. com and ESPN the Magazine. Howard, thanks so much. Have a good U. S.  Open."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In this turn, the speaker is using sarcasm to imply that the reaction to Boise State losing one game is exaggerated and that there is always a chance for redemption in the future. The literal meaning of \"therefore their entire future has been destroyed\" is not true, but the speaker is using hyperbole to make a point. The actual meaning is that losing one game is not the end of the world, and there is always the possibility of improvement in the future.","questions":"How did the speaker imply the reaction to Boise State losing one game?","answer":"Sarcasm"}
{"text":["We normally surveyed the coastline up and down the West Coast. The second year, we went to a joint ocean adventure, the Indian Ocean expedition. And there I went to the Philippines, Jakarta, Malaysia, Singapore, India, West Ceylon, which is now Sri Lanka, Penang, Midway, all of the ports between California and India and back.","You also learned to do karate while you were on that ship, right?","I hung out with a bunch of guys from the Islands, Hawaiian guys, and that's where I first heard of Ed Parker. And I started talking to him and the philosophy and how they had to take care of themselves, and we would punch the metal sidings around the quarter deck to toughen up our hands. And of course, they showed me a few things. Why I got started, I was with a bunch of Hawaiian guys, and we were on Waikiki, and there was a little Chinese guy that didn't sail with us, but a couple of - I guess mainlanders were bothering him. And he tried to walk away several times, and they caught up with him. And then it was like, in a flash, and it was over with. All these guys were like on the ground, and I said, what was that?And that was, of course, some kung fu. And Ed Parker teaches kung fu on the streetside.","And Ed Parker went on to become one of the best-known names in martial arts."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A learned karate from Ed Parker during his ocean adventure.","questions":"How did PersonA first hear of Ed Parker?","answer":"Islands"}
{"text":["What happens to a city when a whole bunch of its residents get really rich really quickly?A lot of people in San Francisco are worried about that right now. The city's in the middle of a tech IPO boom. Lyft and Pinterest went public earlier this year. Stock in Uber begins trading tomorrow. Other big names plan to follow. And that means thousands of new millionaires in a city that's already one of the least affordable in the country. This week, Gordon Mar, who serves on the San Francisco Board of Supervisors, proposed a new payroll tax targeting IPOs. He says the tech boom of the past decade has been good for San Francisco, but there are downsides.","We've seen growing traffic congestion and gridlock on our streets due to the huge influx of new workers here in our city. We've seen a growing housing crisis, housing affordability crisis, to the point where the median rent right now for a one-bedroom apartment is $3,500 a month.","Unbelievable.","Yeah. And then sort of related to this, our homelessness crisis - tens of thousands of our community members continue to live unsheltered on the streets due just to the growing economic divide here in our city."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : bunch of its residents implies many people living within the area ","questions":"How would you describe the impact of the tech IPO boom on San Francisco's population?","answer":"Influx"}
{"text":["The bad news in this story involves the main character's family and her country of origin. She is from Haiti. Most of the characters in Danticat's new book of short stories are Haitian-American. They live in New York or Miami, but Haiti is often in their hearts and on their minds. Natural disasters and political disasters have sent many of its people fleeing to the U. S.  Danticat's book of short stories called \"Everything Inside\" reflects her experiences as an immigrant.","How did your family come to the United States?","My father first came when I was 2 years old. He came on a tourist visa, which he overstayed, and as did my mother. When I - she left when I was 4, and they were undocumented for about eight years. And during that time, we were separated. I stayed in Haiti with my aunt and uncle. And when I was 12, after they had changed their status and were - got their papers, then they were able to send for me and my brother to join them in Brooklyn, N. Y. , in 1981.","I'm sure you've had to tell this story more than once, and I'm sorry to dwell on it. But both as a parent and as a son, to think about so many years away from your parents and especially those particular years, that could not have been easy."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Danticat's book of short stories reflects the immigrant experience","questions":"What does Danticat's book reflect?","answer":"Experience"}
{"text":["Before there was \"Gangnam Style,\" the dress or the ice bucket challenge, there were other stories that raced around the country. In the 19th century, newspapers throughout the U. S.  were kind of early aggregators. They just helped themselves to each other's stories, so if something juicy turned up in Boston, it would soon find its way into print in Chicago or Kansas City. That's the finding of researchers at Northeastern University. They used computers to search through those old publications for stories that went - sorry, can't avoid saying it - viral. Ryan Cordell is one of those researchers. He joins from the studios of WBUR in Boston. Thanks for being with us.","I'm glad to be here.","What is the 19th century equivalent of a cat perching on the toilet?","Well, we found quite a few of them; a lot of household hints and stories. One of my favorites is a story that purports to be a young man in church who is wooing a young lady by circling passages in the Bible and handing them to her and that they're married a year later as the story says at the end."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The literal meaning of (3) is asking what type of story was popular in the 19th century that could be compared to a modern day internet meme. The implied meaning is asking what was popular or trendy in the 19th century.","questions":"How would you describe the 19th century trend that is being compared to a modern-day internet meme?","answer":"Thank"}
{"text":["The oldest one, the one I've been studying the longest, is called cosmological natural selection and was in fact the subject of my first book in 1997, \"Life of the Cosmos. \"And in that hypothesis, under that hypothesis, universes reproduce by giving birth to new universes inside of black holes, which is an old idea in the field.","And each time that happens, I presume that the laws of nature or the numbers that characterize them change slightly. And then one has a scenario very akin, very analogous to natural selection. One can derive consequences from it.","So every time there is a black hole, and there are many, many of them in our universe, correct?","An impressively large number of them, at least a million times a million."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The universes don't give birth but they form other universes in some way.","questions":"What idea is discussed in turn 0?","answer":"b"}
{"text":["There's a number of them that the federal prosecutors mentioned, things like excessive purchases with cash in some pharmacies, purchases from well out of the region of the pharmacies. And these are opioid purchases we're talking about - excessively high percentages of sales of fentanyl patches and opioid oxycodone painkillers from some pharmacies and some of the larger pharmacies that RDC dealt with. So those are some of the things that the feds highlighted.","Two RDC executives face charges. What are they accused of?","Basically sort of being players in this whole, you know, alleged kind of ignorance or willing ignorance, I should say, of RDC's role in the opioid epidemic, the things we talked about - you know, just sort of closing your eyes to pharmacies that were obviously pushing painkilling prescription meds onto the streets in big numbers. And the allegations are that the former CEO, Larry Doud, and former compliance officer were key in allowing this to happen internally and just ignored all the signs. One has pleaded guilty and is cooperating. And Doud is facing the criminal charges.","You've talked a lot about the pharmacies here. And so I'm wondering, what about them?And what about the doctors making the orders?Are they being held accountable?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"players in this whole, you know, alleged kind of ignorance or willing ignorance\" - This turn's actual meaning is different from its literal meaning because \"players\" does not necessarily mean someone who is literally playing a game, but rather refers to individuals involved in a situation or event. \"Willing ignorance\" is also a figurative expression that means someone deliberately ignores or avoids knowing about something.","questions":"How would you describe the type of ignorance that the RDC executives are accused of?","answer":"Deliberate"}
{"text":["He was.","He wrote many articles in magazines and newspapers, so I guess you could see where he might get carried away a little bit. He was popularizing science to come up with something maybe that was sort of like Einstein said, a little literary license maybe.","Yeah. Einstein regretted having put the term in, but he didn't use those precise words. And this became interesting to me because this is almost Einstein's most quoted phrase. So you know, it was interesting to see has he actually used those words.","Yeah. That is quite interesting. Let's talk about another strange fact that's in your book. You write that Vladimir Nabokov, the author of \"Lolita\" and \"Pale Fire,\" actually came up with a scientific theory about butterflies at one point."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : He did not just get carried away but he exaggerated his claims.","questions":"Which word describes the behavior of the person mentioned in turn 1?","answer":"Exaggerated"}
{"text":["Correct.","And that's the idea?","That's exactly the idea and that's where we are today. So you kind of keep the country in limbo. And you say, as long as there's no election then I get to be president.","Have there been any calls for President Kabila to be investigated, forced to step down, impeached, put on trial for violating the constitution?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) Implied Meaning: Is President Kabila using the current situation to remain in power?","questions":"What is the current political situation in relation to President Kabila's position?","answer":"Position"}
{"text":["Well, certainly, I think in the case of missing children, in the case of some kind of criminal act. But this is just to sort of - hey, this person came in and applied for a driver's license. And they have a Latino last name, and you might want to check that out, you know?So. . .","But can you have one without the other?I mean, once the state responds to this kind of request, can it pick and choose?","That's a question, I think, for lawyers. I don't know. I don't know how they would. I mean, I think that any legislation that we had would have to address that - under what circumstances would this be allowed?","At this point, where does that leave some of the people who advocated for this law in the first place?Are they having regrets as you are?Are you hearing from them?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : having regrets implies not being happy and satisfied over an outcome","questions":"Which emotion may be associated with having regrets according to turn 3?","answer":"Unsatisfied"}
{"text":["This is a shattered, disunited party. And the one thing that they have in terms of cohesion is what seems to be, for the most part, their mutual collective disdain for Hillary Rodham Clinton.","Is there an uprising against Speaker Ryan that's already begun?","I think what's going to happen, if - again, if the polls - and we're projecting forward here - those - he's not likely to lose the speakership. The Republicans are likely to retain control. But a number of, quote, unquote, \"moderates\" or centrists in his caucus are likely to lose. And that means it's Ryan versus what we call the Freedom Caucus - used to be the old Tea Party caucus. So he could come under significant pressure.","Yeah. The numbers aren't necessarily looking his way."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"their mutual collective disdain for Hillary Rodham Clinton\" is an example of a figurative language that conveys a meaning different from its literal meaning. It suggests that the only thing that unites the party members is their shared dislike for Hillary Clinton, which is not a tangible object that can be shattered or disunited.","questions":"What does the figurative language used by PersonA suggest about the cohesion of the party members?","answer":"Disunity"}
{"text":["Can I ask you about a couple of calls for which you are famed?","Sure.","There was a horse, I have seen the video, whose name you had a hard time with.","Yakahickamickadola."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : That statement implies that B had difficulty pronouncing a horse's name which is \"akahickamickadola\" and it is a notable event that the speaker is aware of.","questions":"Which horse had a hard-to-pronounce name?","answer":"akahickamickadola"}
{"text":["And then it's like, it kind of makes it more of a treat.","(Singing) You took me from the shelter of a mother I had never known\u2026","I read that - about you having, as we all do, ups and downs in life. In 1977, I read that your mother died, which was a painful period for you.","Very.","But the very next year, you gave birth to a son."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : Giving birth to a son could imply that the speaker was able to find hope and joy despite their pain.","questions":"What event brought joy to the speaker after a painful period?","answer":"Birth"}
{"text":["Yeah, I mean, that certainly has been the view on the right and in the Republican Party and from many quarters over, you know, this isn't fair and you keep moving the goalposts. One of the problems has been that it's built into the Clean Air Act that it is updated every five years in accordance with the science.","And what the science has found in its progress over the decades has been disturbing from a health perspective. And it's also been sort of onerous from a regulatory perspective because those findings are that levels of pollution that years ago were thought to be safe actually are still killing people. America's air is much cleaner now than it was back in 1970, but a hundred thousand Americans still die every year from the effects of air pollution. That's a lot of people.","As you travel the world reporting on air pollution in other countries, did you gain an appreciation for what the U. S.  was able to accomplish with the Clean Air Act?","Yeah. I think as I traveled around the world, I could see actually in clearer and clearer focus that America's progress since 1970 is a real success story. I went to China, and officials there are trying to sort of replicate the achievements that we've had here in the United States. And it's, you know, I guess sort of ironic to see the United States undermining its own Clean Air Act enforcement capability as other countries begin to try to replicate it."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"replicate the achievements\" - This phrase means to repeat or recreate the successes or accomplishments that the United States has had with its Clean Air Act. Its actual meaning is metaphorical and not related to copying or duplicating something exactly.","questions":"What does \"replicate the achievements\" mean?","answer":"Repeat"}
{"text":["Sometimes, small complaints can trigger absurdly large medical bills. We're joined now by Dr.  Elisabeth Rosenthal, editor-in-chief of our partner Kaiser Health News, to talk about a bill to treat a toenail fungus and what happened next. Welcome to the program.","Thanks for having me.","The bill we're talking about is $1,469 for medication for a woman here in Washington, D. C.  Tell me the story.","Well, Anne Soloviev went to her dermatologist just for a skin check. She didn't even realize she had a toenail problem. And the physician assistant who saw her said, oh, you have toenail fungus. Let us call in a prescription. And she thought, yeah, sure. Why not."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The woman did not go to the dermatologist for a toenail problem, but was prescribed medication for it anyway","questions":"Which medical issue was the woman not aware of when she visited the dermatologist?","answer":"Toenail"}
{"text":["It's really interesting. You know, they've been involved on and off in sort of smaller ways. But you know, they put out a press release. They're filing lawsuits. There's a lot of speculation as to why now. Some of it may be just they feel like these laws have finally gone too far. Some of it may be there's a woman president of the AMA and a woman past president and there'll be a woman president next year. For a group that's long been older, whiter and more male, that's changing.","So what kind of stance had they taken in the past?","Well, the AMA has been kind of everywhere on abortion. The AMA in the late 1800s led the fight to make abortion illegal in the United States. That was part of their effort to sort of centralize power over the medical profession. They wanted to get rid of unlicensed practitioners like midwives, who had traditionally been involved with women's reproductive health. And they really didn't change that position until just before Roe v.  Wade. And even when Roe v.  Wade happened, the effort to liberalize abortion laws in the U. S.  was really led by the legal profession, not by the medical profession.","You reached out to the American Medical Association - seems like maybe they're not so comfortable with this new stance. Can you tell us what you learned?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The American Medical Association's membership demographics are changing.","questions":"What is the reason behind the American Medical Association's change in stance?","answer":"Demographics"}
{"text":["And there is a correlation between dogfighting rings and other crimes, perhaps?","Oh, my God, yes. You know, if you've got dogfighting and gambling, you got just about any type of crime that goes with it. It - and that's what people are more aware of.","What is the line, as research has established it, between people who abuse animals and violence against other human beings?","Well, the research is very clear. And it's been there for a long time, as I said earlier. Law enforcement just hasn't got it yet, even though some have. Some agencies do a very good job. It's growing. If you look back at Son of Sam and Dahmer and. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Turn (4) is implying that even though research has been conducted in this area, law enforcement has not been paying attention to it and is only now beginning to do so.","questions":"What is the reason law enforcement has been slow to recognize the connection between animal abuse and violence against humans, despite clear research?","answer":"Attention"}
{"text":["Absolutely. And the blog that you refer to with Melissa Harris-Lacewell is a blog called Down from the Tower, and it's an ongoing discussion between Melissa and Marc Lamont Hill, who is a professor at Temple. And so, one day, you might click on, and Melissa will have the call and Marc will have the response. One day, he may toss out a question to her. He'll have the call and she'll have the response. And it's a very lively - up to now, it has been a political discussion. But they may take on other things. Politics seems to be dominating the moment.","But I do hope that the site evolves into one where our writers are talking to one another and talking to the Web and to communities that live outside The Root, bringing new information and ideas and, you know, creating a vibrant marketplace for idea.","And I also think one of the things that I like about - I'm glad you pointed out the exchange between Melissa and Marc, because it is debate and it is thoughtful, weighty, witty debate. And it's not\u2026","All right."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In turn (2), the speaker expresses their hope that The Root evolves into a platform where writers engage with each other and with communities outside the website, creating a vibrant marketplace for ideas. The literal meaning of the turn is straightforward. However, the implied meaning is that The Root aims to foster a diverse and inclusive online community where different perspectives are heard and debated. This suggests that the website has a broader mission than just providing a platform for writers to share their ideas.","questions":"What is the implied mission of The Root?","answer":"Diverse"}
{"text":["One of the reporters who's been digging into this story is Dustin Volz of The Wall Street Journal, who joins us in our studio. Thanks so much for coming in.","Good to be here. Thank you.","And let's begin with what you've learned about - I guess it was the president's phone call in July to Ukraine's new president, Zelensky.","That's correct. So we reported yesterday on Friday that President Trump had a phone call in July, sort of a congratulatory call in many ways. But during that, he told the new president of Ukraine - we're told about eight times - to look into the Biden family amid sort of ongoing allegations, unfounded, that there are some sort of corruption concerns there with the 2020 candidate Joe Biden and his son Hunter, who served as a board - on the board of a Ukrainian gas company."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It does not seem clear on whether Trump made the phone call or received it ","questions":"What was the topic of the phone call between President Trump and Ukraine's new president, according to Dustin Volz?","answer":"Biden"}
{"text":["Do you remember some of the people you were able to help?","I do, yeah. There was a couple in particular who kind of lived in a - not assisted living, but it was designated for elderly couples. And they needed help. I mean, they had almost three feet of water in their home. So you couldn't get there by boat necessarily. And you couldn't get there by lifted Jeep, either. So the only option was to go in with an inflatable kayak. And the husband had just had heart surgery, so it was really difficult getting them out. You know, they needed to bring all their medications and everything.","But we just brought the inflatable kayak into their house and got them out the best way we knew how. The front entrance of their neighborhood was completely blocked off by water. There was a gate entrance. You couldn't even get in, so we had to bust down a fence to the back of the neighborhood to bring them out, so. And that flooding. . .","And let me - you - these were strangers to you. You didn't know who they were."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) \"And let me - you - these were strangers to you.You didn't know who they were.\" implies a different meaning from its literal meaning. The speaker is not simply asking for confirmation that the people the other person helped were strangers to them, but rather expressing surprise or admiration that the person was able to help strangers in need.","questions":"Which emotion is conveyed by the speaker in turn 4?","answer":"Surprise"}
{"text":["Well, I say that may be the case. And I'm for affirmative action. I'm for giving opportunities to minorities. I'm for immigration reform. I'm a very proud Hispanic. But I just think the Democratic Party has to communicate a better message of economic populism, of helping small businesses. Somehow the centrist white male, the conservative white male that used to vote Democratic from the South and the Midwest is eluding us. And we've got to get that base back or get some portion of the base because they're leaving us in droves.","And what about those politicians that might say, hey, look, we won a couple of national elections with the demographics that we have in the Democratic Party.","Well, what I say to them is that's great. But we've lost the Congress. We've lost the House. We've lost the Senate. We lose governorships. And, you know, it's not just the presidency that has the power in this country. It's local officials, it's county commissioners, it's governors. It's not just the Congress. It's a whole range of offices where we're not competing because we - we need a stronger, compelling economic message. And somehow, that seems to be eluding us if you look at recent elections, especially in the South and the Midwest.","You've already cited Bernie Sanders. And I gather you have endorsed Hillary Clinton for the Democratic nomination for president. How do you think Secretary Clinton addresses these issues?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  implies that the Democrats should not become complacent with their current demographics and should focus on further outreach","questions":"How should the Democrats approach their current demographics?","answer":"Outreach"}
{"text":["I've gotten almost universally positive feedback. People were really encouraging me and just being much kinder than I would have expected or hoped for. The kinds of people who read it - I don't know. I guess a lot of lawyers, a lot of journalists who keep up with the court.","Yeah. I mean, the Supreme Court is definitely paying attention. You got to visit at the invitation of Justice Neil Gorsuch's clerk, and you shot some hoops on the famed Supreme Court basketball court. Is that true?","That was very nice of that clerk to do. He had seen my blog and then sent me an email asking if I'd ever had a Supreme Court tour before. And yes, I did get to shoot a basket in the highest court in the land. I kind of thought it was a joke. I'd heard about it before, but it's very real. And it took me many tries to make a layup.","So in your blog, you've interviewed - and here's an NPR plug - our own national justice correspondent Carrie Johnson. So what kind of articles are you hosting on your site?And who's writing them?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Not feedback from everyone in the universe but a wide variety of people on the planet giving feedback.","questions":"What kind of feedback did PersonA receive?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["That's right. In the last few years where, as a fugitive, when he was living in Belgrade, he eked out this living as a new age guru. He grew a big bushy white beard, had glasses, had a top knot at the top of his head tied up with a black ribbon. He presented this rather remarkable monk-like figure and, as you say, hid in plain sight. He was often at seminars and conferences about alternative medicine.","He went to his local bar and he didn't sit on the sidelines there. He took center stage and actually played a kind of Balkan fiddle called a gusle. And everyone stood around and clapped and applauded him. And he was sitting under a portrait of Radovan Karodzic, this man who was the hero for most of the people in the bar. And not one of them spotted the resemblance.","He lived across the stairwell in his block of flats from a woman who worked with Interpol. And her - every time she went into work, she logged on to her computer and saw the world's most wanted, including Osama bin Laden and Radovan Karodzic. And the penny never dropped. It was like a long-running performance that only came to an end really when his brother made a vital slip.","He made a phone call, right?What happened?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  Implied meaning: Radovan Karodzic was a war criminal but no one in the bar recognized him as such.","questions":"Which criminal was not recognized in the bar?","answer":"Karodzic"}
{"text":["Well, I say that may be the case. And I'm for affirmative action. I'm for giving opportunities to minorities. I'm for immigration reform. I'm a very proud Hispanic. But I just think the Democratic Party has to communicate a better message of economic populism, of helping small businesses. Somehow the centrist white male, the conservative white male that used to vote Democratic from the South and the Midwest is eluding us. And we've got to get that base back or get some portion of the base because they're leaving us in droves.","And what about those politicians that might say, hey, look, we won a couple of national elections with the demographics that we have in the Democratic Party.","Well, what I say to them is that's great. But we've lost the Congress. We've lost the House. We've lost the Senate. We lose governorships. And, you know, it's not just the presidency that has the power in this country. It's local officials, it's county commissioners, it's governors. It's not just the Congress. It's a whole range of offices where we're not competing because we - we need a stronger, compelling economic message. And somehow, that seems to be eluding us if you look at recent elections, especially in the South and the Midwest.","You've already cited Bernie Sanders. And I gather you have endorsed Hillary Clinton for the Democratic nomination for president. How do you think Secretary Clinton addresses these issues?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"eluding us\" - This means that the centrist white male and conservative white male voters are not voting for the Democratic Party, but the literal meaning of \"eluding\" is to escape or avoid something.","questions":"How are centrist and conservative white male voters eluding the Democratic Party?","answer":"Damage"}
{"text":["It's significant because you have a journalist who's killed in the line of duty doing some investigative work into a story he wanted to write. And as far as we understand, the people that he was investigating put out a hit on him, and he was killed. I mean, that's a very chilling reminder that we do - sometimes do dangerous work. And the project's main mission is to tell those people, if indeed they are the ones responsible, that you cannot kill the message by killing the messenger.","There has been a confession, hasn't there?And yet you remain unsatisfied. Why is that?","Well, the person who confessed was a very low-level member of the Your Black Muslim Bakery. He was a handyman. He originally told police he did not do the crime, and then after he was led to - he was allowed to meet privately with the bakery CEO, a 22-year-old named Yusuf Bey IV, this guy basically convinced him to confess. Now, whether or not he did the crime or not, we don't know. What we do know is, is that he did not do this by himself, as he has told police.","Now, what would you say is the latest in the ongoing investigation?Or is the investigation ongoing, since the police had someone who confessed, although your organization doesn't necessarily buy it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Journalists sometimes face danger, and killing them won't stop the truth.","questions":"What is the main mission of the project?","answer":"exposition"}
{"text":["Yeah, that's what's, you know, a little crazy about me because - and that's what my friends point out often. And even in the middle of terrible things happening to me, if there's one little piece of something positive happening, I'll think, yes. And I make these crazy logical leaps, like if some little positive thing happens, I suddenly think that, you know, Tom Cruise is going to star in some movie and it's going to get me, you know, bucket loads of money, and everything's fine. And it's all - they're delusions, but they keep me warm at night.","So this book just screams out to be made into a movie. It's written -no doubt - because of your skills in a very cinematic style. If it gets made into a movie, who do you want to play you?","There are a couple of people. I mean, I would think Terrance Howard would be terrific because he's so handsome, and I would feel like, wow, that's such an idealized version of myself.","And I love - you know, I love Don Cheadle, as well. He's so brilliant, and I would be honored if either one of them would play me."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The turn in (1) where the speaker talks about making \"crazy logical leaps\" and having \"delusions\" that keep them \"warm at night\" is an example of a non-literal meaning, as they are using figurative language to describe their thought processes and coping mechanisms.","questions":"What type of language is used by the speaker in turn 0 to describe their thought processes and coping mechanisms?","answer":"figurative"}
{"text":["When we had a transfer of presidencies in this country, when Barack Obama came in four years ago and George W.  Bush got aboard the helicopter and left town, well, George W.  Bush has pretty vanished from the American political leadership. He wrote a book, did pretty well with that. I gather he gives some speeches, but he plays no great part in the American political system. Bill Clinton has been playing a little bit more in this election.","But in the meantime, Mr.  Hu Jintao on his way out - really, on the way out?He will be a member of the Standing Committee. He's not going to be president. He's not going to be chairman of the party anymore, but?","He still may have a pretty strong role in the military. There's also the former president of China, who I covered back in the '90s, named Jiang Zemin who's from Shanghai. He has been front and center at the Party Congress. He's been out and about. He's in his mid-80s. He's playing role in terms of lining up who's going to take over. There's a lot of horse trading, but it's very, very opaque. And the average Chinese person really doesn't have any sense of where it's heading.","So you're getting this new generation of younger leaders, but the gerontocracy, the old leaders, behind the scenes, they're still playing a role."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Although there is a new generation of younger leaders, the older leaders still play a role behind the scenes.","questions":"Which generation of leaders is still playing a role behind the scenes?","answer":"older"}
{"text":["Coming from the black holes. But in these cases, the population of the universe is organized according to progeny, according to inheritance. There's a lot of structure. And we can use that structure to make predictions, as I was describing. What I'm against, and what I argue - and what I think nobody's really answered these arguments. What I argue is that to postulate that our universe is simply one of a population of simultaneously existing universes that have no relation to each other, and that just have randomly chosen laws, that idea takes us outside of science, because it's not verifiable or falsifiable.","No postulate - no hypothesis about those other universes can be checked experimentally, because they don't - they have no influence on our own. And I think it's very important to draw a distinction between making up stories that might be true and science.","You know, the rock-and-roll band They Might Be Giants has a song about what's science and what's not that I think nails the matter. So if a rock-and-roll band can understand it, I think anybody can understand it.","In other words, you're saying what - science requires that you are able to make predictions about your theory and test them. And you're saying this multiverse can't really be tested. So it's more a theoretical belief in something than being a scientifically valid theory."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A doesn't literally think the rock song proves anything about who can comprehend science. The implication is the concept of what science is should not be hard for ordinary people to understand.","questions":"What does PersonA argue is outside of science?","answer":"Multiverse"}
{"text":["There are some states out there, for example Oregon and Maine, which currently don't have sales taxes throughout the year. Is there anything that you can potentially learn from states that have been doing this for a while?","What we are looking at are states that have had sales - state sales tax holidays. As you may know, there are 17 states plus the District of Columbia that currently have sales tax holidays during the year. And the experience of our retail members with those holidays is that they're very attractive to people. They really do bring people into the stores. It's an exciting time.","You can say, well gee, if the average state sales tax is five, six percent, why would that drive consumers to come into the stores more than a sale advertised at 15 or 20 percent. And it's an interesting psychological phenomenon, but it does seem to drive more traffic. It may be because people just don't like to pay taxes, and they're very excited when there's a period where they won't have to pay taxes to the government.","Rachelle Bernstein is with the National Retail Federation. Thank you, Rachelle."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It is being implied that consumer behaviour is not obvious.","questions":"Which word describes the phenomenon that seems to drive more traffic during state sales tax holidays?","answer":"Psychological"}
{"text":["It's too late by then.",". . . but I think nobody has tried it with the pickled kind.","OK.  We got a minute left. Tell us about the weekly newspaper column. You talked about a recent one about the laws of stupidity. Quickly, do tell that to us, quickly.","Yeah, yeah. Well, this is something done by an Italian economist about 30 or 40 years ago. His name is Cipolla, and he wrote the little piece to be funny, but it's also quite true. He called it \"The Basic Laws of Human Stupidity,\" and these laws boiled down to very few things. One is that there are more stupid people around than anybody will ever estimate accurately. And the other is that there's nothing you can do about them, other than become aware of it. They just are a fact and you better deal with the fact that they're not going to go away, and that there is no point to trying to accommodate them. There's no way you're going to prevent them continuing to be stupid."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using a sarcastic or ironic tone to convey their true feelings or opinions about the situation, without explicitly stating them.","questions":"How did the speaker describe the laws of stupidity?","answer":"True"}
{"text":["Good to talk to you.","How important an event was this that Mr.  Kim missed?","It was a very important event. It's an event in a mausoleum where his father, previously ruler of North Korea is buried, interred, and so is his grandfather, the founding leader of North Korea. So it was a big deal. Kim Jong Un has not been seen since September 3, when he attended a concert in Pyongyang, the capital of North Korea, with his wife.","Before that, he'd been seen frequently, but always waddling with a really bad limp. He was clearly in discomfort, and finally the North Korean authorities said he is in physical discomfort. So there's something up. We don't quite know what. The speculation is he's had surgery, he's ill, ranging right through to there's been a coup, and he's lost power or certainly being shunted away from power. That's the speculation.","Now, we're talking about somebody who - as my recollection is - he's on television every two minutes. So this must be a tremendous vacuum in the lives of North Koreans."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implies that the event was of great significance","questions":"How would you describe the event that Mr. Kim missed?","answer":"Significant"}
{"text":["It sounds like from what you're saying the city leadership including the mayor is very much in support of there being this massive celebration.","I think that's fair to say. It's kind of been interesting to watch this unfold over the last couple of weeks, because the venues that would have been available, Soldier Field, the football stadium just a little ways away from here wasn't available apparently, or couldn't accommodate the Obama Campaign. The indoor arena, the United Center, some thought may be too small, seating 18,000, 20,000. But there's a concert there tonight anyway, so that was ruled out.","And it seemed to surprise city officials to some degree a month or so ago when the Obama campaign said they'd like to do it in the park. But the city has been very accommodating. They have pulled back - and initially Mayor Daley said everybody should come down, even if they don't have a ticket and just be a part of the celebration in the streets and around the park. The police department and the fire department and the emergency management folks for the city kind of pulled back on that and said, we only want people in the are who are supposed to be in the area, let's try to set up an alternative venue. And so that's what they've gone ahead and done in setting up in another section of Grant Park the big Jumbotrons.","Now, I understand that you have already gone and voted today."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : to watch something unfold means to watch an event happen","questions":"Which word means to observe the development of an event in the dialogue?","answer":"unfold"}
{"text":["What goes in the clubhouse stays in the clubhouse - until the baseball manager writes a book, that is. It's Thursday, and if you haven't guessed, it's time again for a look at sports with our very own sports guru, the New York Times Sports Columnist, Mr.  Bill Rhoden. Mr.  Bill, what's up?","Hey, the great Tony Cox. How you're doing?","I'm doing great, man. Joe Torre, leaving New York as a beloved figure, but now he has written his autobiography, \"The Yankee Years. \"I know that he's been on his New York tour. People are buying the book. But, you know, some people are happy, some people not so happy.","Well, the people who are most important to be happy are happy. The publisher of course. . .","Anybody reading book, it's about selling books. And I, Tony, I sort of equate it to in football, the most important statistics for a receiver are yards after catch."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : What happens in the clubhouse is supposed to be kept secret","questions":"Which day of the week is it in the dialogue?","answer":"Thursday"}
{"text":["Syria continues to suffer. Russia now mounts military strikes against the Islamic State that also help shore up the regime of Bashar al-Assad, whom they support and whom the U. S.  says must leave. President Obama says there's no meeting of the minds. Niall Ferguson, the historian, has been critical of what he considers the president's lack of policy. Professor Ferguson joins us from the studios at Harvard. Thanks so much for being with us.","My pleasure.","You write the great flaw you see in President Obama's Syria strategy has been, I'll quote, \"his insistence that the only alternative to doing next to nothing was all out invasion. \"What alternatives do you think he's missing?","Initially, it was a relatively straightforward proposition that the United States should give military assistance to the opposition, to Assad, the free Syrian army. And that was something the president resisted. And the last throw of the president's dice came this year when he was offered by the Russian president, Vladimir Putin, the option to cooperate against Islamic State. And the president essentially said no to that. I think it's fair to say that the president has divert (ph) - I put it this way - that he was playing solitaire while everybody else was playing chess. And unfortunately it's now much, much more difficult to intervene effectively than it was at the outset of the Syrian Civil War."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Niall Ferguson believes that President Obama has missed out on many opportunities to address the situation in Syria, such as providing military assistance to the opposition or cooperating with Russia.","questions":"Which option was offered by the Russian president, Vladimir Putin, to President Obama to cooperate against Islamic State?","answer":"Cooperate"}
{"text":["Well, I think the water infrastructure we have in this country is seriously neglected. I mean, all infrastructure acts as a foundation for economic prosperity, but water is especially important. It does live in this different world where it's so intrinsic and folks expect that we're going to have clean, fresh water any time you turn on the tap. But given the fact that it's buried, it's literally underground, it's easy to ignore. And while we have large infrastructure problems in this country, the water infrastructure problems loom particularly large.","So we don't see them, perhaps even can't taste them. It's not until they - well, that just makes it easier for problems to hide in a sense.","Exactly. And some of these systems are, you know, were built 100 years ago. Some of the pipes are made out of wood. Some of them were built in the time when metropolitan areas were expanding and decentralizing. And just - we just need to reinvest in these existing systems. But because we don't do a good job in this country investing in the infrastructure that's already built - we do a good job building new stuff - we don't do a good job taking care of what's on the ground. Things like water infrastructure are seriously neglected.","I don't think any city likes to hear - but you have to spend more money."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Water infrastructure is a critical yet underappreciated aspect of our economy and daily lives, and requires more attention and investment.","questions":"What is the intrinsic quality of water that makes it easy to ignore?","answer":"Intrinsic"}
{"text":["This is SCIENCE FRIDAY, I'm Ira Flatow. Remember the meteor that exploded over Siberia and the asteroid that took a close swing by our planet?You also remember that these things happened on Friday, the same day. Congressman Lamar Smith, chairman of the House Committee on Science, Space and Technology, called these two events a stark reminder of the need to invest in space science. He says we need to study and track near-Earth asteroids and invest in research on how to protect our planet from space rocks.","But with the nation collectively tightening its belt and with $85 billion in automatic spending cuts going into effect today, the sequester deadline, where's the money going to come from?Representative Lamar Smith is a Republican from the 21st District of Texas. He is chair of the House Committee on Science, Space and Technology. He joins us by phone from San Antonio. A shout-out to Texas Public Radio, San Antonio and Austin, one of our two most powerful stations is your district, Congressman. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY.","I'm glad to hear it, Ira. Good to be with you and your listeners, as well.","Thank you. You're going to have a hearing soon, is that right, to discuss. . . ?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Congressman Lamar Smith believes that recent space events are a reminder to invest in space science.","questions":"Which committee does Congressman Lamar Smith chair?","answer":"Science"}
{"text":["Thank you for having me on.","I think a lot of people don't want to hear anything you have to say until I've asked you this question. Are you being used by Vladimir Putin?","(Laughter) No, I don't think so. When people look at this, you know, particularly with Russia in the news as much as it is, there's always this cloud of suspicion that's leveled against anybody who can be, in the most stretched way, associated with Russia. It wasn't my choice to be in Russia.","Most stretched way - you're living there in Moscow. You have been for six years."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : They mean that this is not a small way of being associated with Russia.","questions":"How was the association of the speaker with Russia described by the interviewer in turn 3?","answer":"Living"}
{"text":["Ambassador Araud, that raises a larger question: What's the future of the United Nations if it can't find a common course of action for what is one of the preeminent disasters on the planet?","But, you know, I'm always, frankly, I'm always a bit surprised by this sort of question because actually United Nations itself, you know, it's a group of these united nations. The United Nations may work on when its members decide to work together on a lot of issues. For instance, the (unintelligible) conflict. The members of Security Council are so divided that the U. N.  can't do anything, as you know. So, the United Nations is effective when on some issues, the member states decide that they have a common interest to find a common solution. And there are a lot of issues where we don't succeed to do it. Frankly, on Afghanistan, Iraq, the (unintelligible) conflict, the whole of the U. N.  is very marginal. There are issues in Africa where we are working together. But on a lot of issues we simply can't, and it's not the responsibility of the United Nations; it's the responsibility of the nations, which disagree.","Yeah. Looking forward to your next rotation?","My next rotation, it's in 15 months."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Looking forward to your next rotation?\" - This is an expression of anticipation and excitement for the Ambassador's next assignment.","questions":"Which expression shows anticipation and excitement for the Ambassador's next assignment?","answer":"Looking-forward"}
{"text":["Now what we didn't hear was a huge thunderous applause that you got from the crowd. Would you run for office again?And if so, what office?","I do - I would like to run for office. I really believe very firmly in public service. I enjoyed my years as lieutenant governor. And, you know, as a small-government Republican, really began to appreciate beyond the rhetoric of just saying, you know, I want a smaller government, but really focusing on how you make government work for people and how you make it efficient - more efficient partner in our daily lives.","And so I walked away from the office with a great appreciation for the value of public service and the importance that you can play in helping small businesses, in getting healthcare where it needs to be, and in dealing with problems of crime and the things that lead up to people to do things that create problems in their community, recidivism, and drug addiction, and things like that. So yeah, I'd like to get back to it. I'd like to run for governor of Maryland one day. And we'll see if that ever happens. But yeah, it's on the table. I don't know if it's in the cards yet, but it's at least on the table.","So you're chair of GOPAC, and it aims to elect more Republicans into office. So what are you working on specifically this time around?Are there any races or any strategies you're working on?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"in the cards\" implies has a high degree of possibility. \"on the table\" implies an existing possibility","questions":"How does turn 2 imply the likelihood of a future political career for \"A\"?","answer":"possibility"}
{"text":["You know, I thought at this point that nothing the president did could surprise me. He surprised me. To say the least, it is a stunning lack of understanding and judgment on his part, frankly.","Can you just walk me through that why?","Well, look at who we're talking to. This is the Taliban. It is not a sovereign government. To extend an invitation to Camp David for a meeting with the president when they have not accepted a ceasefire, a full ceasefire, when they are very much in the business of killing American troopers and Afghan civilians. This is not the first casualty that we've had out there since these talks began. But to invite people like that under these conditions to Camp David to be hosted by the president of the United States - that to me was something unthinkable until, obviously, he thought it.","Do you have any sense of what role this meeting would have played in the discussions that have taken place so far?I mean, a lot of people are focusing on today sort of the optics of it. A lot of the people in the president's own party are having trouble with that - I mean, bringing the Taliban to meet at Camp David with the president of the United States. But substantively, though, what role would a discussion like this have played in trying to finalize these negotiations?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : They are asking if the other person can help them to understand what they mean.","questions":"What surprised PersonA about the president's actions?","answer":"Surprise"}
{"text":[". . . Was impelled by government programs that said to people, every American should be in a home.","It was certainly promoted by low-interest rates. And that's the Federal Reserve's domain. So you can see there's a huge left-right alliance potential here, and it really is unstoppable. And in the past, it's succeeded.","You say despite being identified as a liberal, when you run for president, you've gotten actually more - you say, more votes from Republicans than Democrats.","Yeah, when I had this write-in effort in New Hampshire in 1992, yeah, I came in about 51 percent of my votes were Republican, 49 Democrats. And the explanation's really quite simple. I don't campaign in generalities. What I do is I go down where people live and work and say, look, you're a Republican. You don't like federal regulation. Right, I don't like federal regulation. You have a car?Yeah. Well, if the auto company discovers a serious dangerous defect in your car after you bought it and the auto company doesn't recall it, would you favor the government requiring General Motors or Ford or VW to recall it?Most of them say yes."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : In turn (1), when the speaker says, \"Was impelled by government programs that said to people, every American should be in a home,\" the literal meaning is that government programs encouraged homeownership. However, the implied meaning is that these programs were promoting homeownership to an extent that was beyond what was sustainable or responsible, which ultimately led to a housing bubble and the 2008 financial crisis. The turn implies that the government's encouragement of homeownership was misguided and had negative consequences, which is a departure from the literal meaning of the words used in the turn.","questions":"What was the explanation the speaker gave to Republicans in New Hampshire during the write-in effort in 1992?","answer":"Recall"}
{"text":["Well, the Hardings sued when they came to light. And the family wanted to put them away for 50 years so that anybody involved in them would be long gone. So they put them in the Library of Congress and four microfilms in the Ohio Historical Society. The archivist though, who made the microfilms, sent several microfilms out to various people for protective custody. And that's one of the ones that I got a hold of in 2004. But they've been under seal and under a court-order - under seal until actually next week is when they finally come out.","Let me get to the spy-story stuff. Was Carrie Fulton Phillips trying to influence President Harding toward Germany?","Yeah. Well, he was then Senator Harding with the obligation to vote for war or not. And she thought we should stay out. She was extremely pro-German. She was hanging out with a very pro-German crowd, some of whom were spies for sure in New York City. And she had lived in Berlin for three years in the lead-up to the war. So she definitely was trying to convince him not to vote for war. And he eventually writes to her that though it's going to be a really tough thing for their relationship, he's going to vote for war. But that's not long before we actually get involved in the war.","But what about the whole idea that somehow she was some kind of conduit for information to Berlin?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  But what about the whole idea that somehow she was some kind of conduit for information to Berlin? This implies that there is a suggestion that she was secretly providing information to Berlin, beyond just influencing President Harding's opinion.","questions":"Which city was Carrie Fulton Phillips living in for three years before the war?","answer":"Berlin"}
{"text":["So there's a hard position, and there's also a soft position. But at this point, really, how do they engage?'Cause what are they engaging with?","Well, let me ask you about something you said. You said there's hesitancy about decoupling. Are there voices within China that say, maybe we should pursue a more isolationist trade strategy?Is that what that means, decoupling?","China, actually - to be honest with you, this is a Sputnik moment for them. They're not going to talk decoupling now but, actually, they're working on it. This has served China to be a real wakeup call that you can't depend on the U. S. , and you can't be dependent on the U. S. , whether it's for agriculture goods or whether for technology. And so they've been doing this for years, and now they're just redoubling their efforts to get suppliers from different parts of the world. And also, Xi Jinping talks a lot about self-reliance.","I mean, when you talk about China beginning to redouble efforts to become more economically independent, to build up their own, say, technology industry, do they have the capacity to do that, and how long would it take?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : hard position means that someone won't change their opinion on something, where as soft position means they have an opinion but it could change.","questions":"What is the meaning of hard position?","answer":"Unchanging."}
{"text":["What about the whole impact of race in this socioeconomic equation. There's many times when black Americans are viewed as the canary in the coal mine. And you see unemployment's number rising faster in the black community than you do in America at large. What is happening now and what is going to unfold, do you think, in African-American communities?","Well, we could see continued spikes on the black unemployment rate. African-Americans are the one who are more likely to exhaust unemployment benefits because we are more likely to have long-term unemployment. So this is a real strain coming up for the African-American community if we continue to see job cuts take place.","The unemployment rate for blacks tends to spike early on when job growth slows and then we tend to be the last hired. And then when jobs actually start being cut, we start to lose because we tend to also be the first ones fired.","Give me some examples of what might happen in a place like Washington, D. C.  You know, you're at Howard University, you're in the heart of Washington, D. C.  and it's a very, in some ways, very much a typical African-American community-based city, in other ways completely diverse both socioeconomically and racially. How do you see the poor African-American neighborhoods in the District being affected potentially by some of the trends in jobs and some of the trends in the economy?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"viewed as the canary in the coal mine\" - This is a metaphorical expression that means black Americans are often the first to experience negative effects of societal problems or economic changes, similar to how a canary would die first in a coal mine if there were toxic gases present.","questions":"How are black Americans viewed in relation to a canary in the coal mine?","answer":"Canary"}
{"text":["Burnt hair, desiccated strawberry, armpit, you know (laughter).","Very precise and unusual.","And there's also this new trajectory to incorporate the language of science. So instead of saying that something smells like green bell pepper, sommeliers are now describing it as smelling of pyrazines, which, by the way, is a chemical that is present in both sauvignon blanc and cabernet sauvignon grapes and in green bell peppers. So don't always roll your eyes at the sommelier.","I don't roll my eyes at the sommelier. I've actually always been intimidated by interacting with the sommelier. I wanted to ask you if you would take a moment to sort of teach someone like me. Can you walk me through it?","A lot of us, when we're given the wine list, treat it as a multiple-choice test. We're handed this list of a hundred options. And we have until the sommelier circles back to us to figure out the right answer.","Exactly."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : In this turn, the literal meaning of \"treat it as a multiple-choice test\" would imply approaching the wine list in a structured and exam-like manner. The actual meaning, however, is that people often feel pressured to choose the \"correct\" wine option from a large list and may feel uncertain about their selection until the sommelier returns for their order.","questions":"What does the phrase \"treat it as a multiple-choice test\" actually imply in the context of the dialogue?","answer":"Pressure"}
{"text":["You know, let's come back to the Large Hadron Collider because if you talk about things, if you talk about this theme, there's much more to the universe than meets the eye, the other one that you know well is the prediction from string theory and similar theories that there are extra dimensions. And one of the ways to look for things like extra dimensions or shadow universes is to look for the leakage of material from our universe into their universe.","And let me use the LHC. One way to look for evidence of extra dimensions would be to carefully look at collisions that take place at the Large Hadron Collider and look for some of the energy to disappear. And what's interesting about that technique is when I put there's - when I say there's much more to the universe than meets the eye, the top of my list would be neutrinos, and we now know neutrinos exist. We can't see them with the eye, but we can build detectors to detect them. And the original evidence for the neutrino was missing energy in beta decays that were observed in the early part of the last century and then poly-hypothesize this particle, the neutrino. And eventually, we built detectors that were sensitive enough. So this technique of looking for energy leaking out of our universe going elsewhere is a very powerful technique for looking for things that we can't see.","Michael Turner, a pleasure as always to come have you come on and explain this stuff to us. Thanks a lot, Michael.","Glad to be on."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : the literal and actual meanings are the same. The speakers are simply exchanging pleasantries and expressing gratitude for the conversation","questions":"What is the technique used to look for evidence of extra dimensions at the Large Hadron Collider?","answer":"Leakage"}
{"text":["With Republican lawmakers unable to repeal and replace the Affordable Care Act, President Trump has taken several steps to undo it. Just before the weekend, he refused to pay the subsidies to insurers that helped keep premiums down for low-income people. And, also, the administration is cutting funding for outreach to those who want to sign up when open enrollment begins next month. The Affordable Care Act provides money to organizations that help people navigate the health care system. In fact, they're called navigator programs. Last year, they received $63 million from the government. The Trump administration has cut that funding by 41 percent. I'm joined by Lisa Hamler-Fugitt, she's executive director of the Ohio Association of Food Banks, which oversees a navigator program. Welcome.","Thank you.","And your program's budget was reduced by how much?","Seventy one percent - nearly $1. 2 million dollars. And it was a significant reduction."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : President Trump is taking actions to repeal Affordable Care Act","questions":"What is the reason for the funding cuts for navigator programs?","answer":"Outreach"}
{"text":["Oh, no. As a matter of fact, I was delighted that I had had the opportunity to contribute to it. I had the option to volunteer for the program. I opted not to because I was very much involved in research that needed to be done. So I was - I turned down the opportunity because I felt that what we were doing was valuable for the future of our space program. As a matter of fact, the small 5-foot diameter parachute that we used to stabilize my freefall is still being used today in every ejection seat in the world. So what we did some 50 year - 55 years ago is still being used today.","What do you think about space exploration now?It struck me watching this that it's lost its human component, in a way. We send these unmanned missions into deep space, but we haven't really pushed human boundaries, I think, for quite some time.","I personally think that we should go back to the moon as soon as we can because there's a lot of lessons we need to learn before we can go to Mars, which should be the next great human adventure.","May I ask you a question?As you were standing on the precipice, you said a prayer. What was that prayer?What were you praying for?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  (2) - Implied meaning: What is your opinion on modern space exploration, which has become more robotic than human? ","questions":"How should we prepare for our next great human adventure, according to the speaker?","answer":"Moon"}
{"text":[". . . Exactly correct. And when it comes to hostages, there is a clear U. S.  policy. We do not pay ransom. We do not make concessions. When it comes to political prisoners, it's much more murky.","To your knowledge, was any money given to North Korea in association with the release of Otto Warmbier, however it's characterized?","Not that I'm aware. I would personally be surprised if the Trump administration actually paid that invoice. However, again, when we were negotiating and trying to put the framework together for the release of Otto Warmbier, we were coupling it with a bigger package of bringing back remains of U. S.  servicemen, of helping a little bit with flood-related areas in north North Korea, which was back then hit really hard - not to the North Korean government, but through humanitarian organizations. And that compiles this package of humanitarian interest, mutual humanitarian interest that - it's a bunch of gestures of goodwill that ends up getting with what you want.","What does this week's news tell us about how the Trump administration deals with these types of situations?Because the president likes to suggest that his techniques are very different from that of his predecessors."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The U.S. government has a policy of not paying ransom for hostages or making concessions for political prisoners.","questions":"How does the U.S. government handle ransom for hostages and concessions for political prisoners?","answer":"Do-not-pay"}
{"text":["Then on top of that, last year, there was this thing called the beast from the east, which was a deep freeze coming across Italy and Greece, and that destroyed a lot of trees. Olive trees are very hardy, but they can't take extreme cold. If it's below 10 degrees Fahrenheit for just a matter of hours, it can kill the tree. So Italian farmers these days are thinking they can't catch a break. This is a confluence of factors, which has led to an overall production of around 185,000 tons this season, which is not very good.","Is it really possible that Italy could run out of olive oil next month?","Well, you know, Italy is not as big, for example, a producer as Spain, you know, and we see a lot of headlines right now that says Italy will be forced to be an olive oil importer. Well, Italy is the largest olive oil importer in the world and always has been, but it has just a limited amount of its own production to go around. So what - I think it's really more a matter of Italy running out of stock, running out of stocks of its own olive oil. And all of the bottling that goes on there and the exporting that goes on in Italy will be using oils from other origins.","We have to ask in this day and age, is climate change affecting the Italian olive oil production industry?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Italy may run out of its own olive oil and need to use oils from other origins.","questions":"How might Italy solve the shortage of olive oil?","answer":"Importing"}
{"text":["Have you been able to solve any specific problems in real time yet?I mean, you can see where, for expatriates, this is probably relieving to have something that you can do to help to try to help because it has to be frustrating to live outside the country and have your countrymen and probably your relatives going through all this. And you probably feel like, you know, what can I do?","Yes. So in the hackathon, we had 17 submissions. Three of them were completed, and four our ongoing. So like, you know, one of the ones that, you know, we're pretty excited is related to this Twitter data where people are, like, requesting medicines or offering medicine. A team built a Twitter bot that replies to those requests and try to match - do matchmaking between offer and the match.","That's exciting. I mean, I'm guessing this has been a fulfilling project for you. I mean, how has it made you feel to work on this and to see your work starting to grow?","Amazing. I think this is the best I've felt in a long time - to actively solve and engage with, you know, challenges in the country has been very gratifying for us as a team."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Expatriates may feel a sense of relief from being able to contribute in some way, despite being outside the country.","questions":"How might expatriates feel about the project mentioned in turn 1?","answer":"Relieved"}
{"text":["Absolutely. This is probably one of the most consequential elections in Israel in the last 10 years, since Netanyahu has been in power.","Daniel, thanks so much.","You're welcome.","That's NPR's Daniel Estrin."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : None of the turns have implied meanings that are different from their literal meanings. They all convey their literal meanings without any hidden or implied messages.","questions":"Which turn conveys its literal meaning without any hidden or implied messages?","answer":"3"}
{"text":["Correct. These are not embryonic stem cells. These are what we would call neural stem cells. In other words, these are stem cells that come from the nervous system.","And why - and, I guess, you give them a little - they have a little head start knowing they're going to be neurons from being injected.","Exactly. Well, they, you know, they have a head start in knowing at least that they're meant to be living in the nervous system, which means that there's a little bit of built-in safety and stability that may not quite exist in cells. They can become and kind cell to.","And how long are they effective for in the life of the mice they're injected into?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The stem cells have an advantage in developing into neurons.","questions":"What is the advantage of the stem cells?","answer":"Knowing"}
{"text":["So this prosecution brings together a lot of theories that are very sexist that would justify massive control of pregnant women on grounds that they owe a duty to their fetuses to behave in certain ways and that - and ultimately make pregnant people vulnerable to prosecution for just about any kind of conduct that can be deemed risky.","Marshae Jones is African American. What is the relevance of race in your view?","Racism is what caused the notion that using drugs during pregnancy, which is a health problem, could be turned into a crime to prosecute pregnant women and mothers. We can trace that to the so-called crack epidemic at the end of the 1980s, early 1990s. And the first women who were prosecuted were black women who smoked crack cocaine during pregnancy.","And the vast majority of women who were prosecuted among hundreds of women were black women, even though there is evidence that drug use during pregnancy is not more likely to happen in any particular racial group or economic group. And so this was clear targeting of black women, which I believe is part of a long history of devaluing black motherhood in particular and also a result of discriminatory behavior in hospitals, where hospitals were much more likely to turn in black patients for using drugs during pregnancy than white patients."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The prosecution's theories are sexist and target pregnant women, particularly black women","questions":"How are pregnant women targeted in the prosecution's theories?","answer":"sexism"}
{"text":["The way I coped with these disasters was seeing myself as the hero of my own story and thinking oh, okay, in the story, the guy survives. He doesn't kill himself. He doesn't commit himself to a mental hospital. He actually survives and thrives and overcomes these obstacles.","And in addition to that, you've also had kidney problems, and you talk really frankly about just how much strength it took you to do really basic things because you were constantly dealing with your body rebelling against you.","Yeah, I'm going through that right now. I'm on the top of the list for a transplant now, and I don't really want a transplant right now because I'm doing all right. So at this point, I'm kind of bring it on. I'm just, you know, I can take it.","What about the good stuff?There are many good things in your life, and two of them are Eva and Chet(ph), your kids. What are they like?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"body rebelling against you\" is a metaphorical expression meaning to refer to the speaker's body reacting negatively to their kidney problems.","questions":"What does the phrase \"body rebelling against you\" refer to?","answer":"problems"}
{"text":[". . . Entities. . .","Correct.",". . . Like - nongovernmental groups like terrorist organizations.","Yeah, the terrorist organizations or. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Continuing the discussion on non-governmental entities, particularly terrorist organizations","questions":"How did PersonA respond to PersonB's mention of non-governmental entities?","answer":"Continuing"}
{"text":["Linda Greenhouse is co-author of \"Before Roe v.  Wade: Voices that Shaped the Abortion Debate Before the Supreme Court's Ruling. \"She joins us by phone from her office in New Haven, where she now teaches at Yale Law School. Good to have you back on the program.","Oh, thanks very much.","And one of the documents you reprinted is the story of Dr.  Jane Hodgson. What's her part in Roe v.  Wade?","Well, she didn't have a direct part in Roe against Wade. Jane Hodgson was a very courageous obstetrician-gynecologist in St.  Paul, Minnesota in the early 1970s. Before Roe she was a Mayo Clinic-trained doctor. And she decided to test, to challenge the Minnesota criminal abortion law. She had a patient who had contracted German measles very early in her pregnancy. And people my age might remember, before there were immunizations, that there were epidemics of German measles that swept through the country, and when it hit somebody early in pregnancy, it had a very high probability of causing serious birth defects."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : when something sweeps or swept through, it means it came through quickly","questions":"How did German measles affect pregnancies in the early 1970s?","answer":"Birth,Defects"}
{"text":["Well, on our blog, Dan Jones wrote, I was glad to be a witness to history being made, even if it was slightly marred by Hillary Clinton's refusal to read the writing on the wall and get out of the race. And Glenda Fraser wrote, it was America's moment, period. The big Obama story on our blog up to this point was his decision to leave his church, the United Church of Christ in Chicago. And on that, there was no consensus among our readers.","Now, we also started a new online series featuring submissions from our political contributors. So what's that?","It's called Political Positions, and each week, one of our regular political contributors weighs in with their take on the week's news. We started with a piece from Mark Sawyer about John McCain's stance on relations with Cuba, followed that with an open letter to Barack Obama written by Ron Walters about how to handle the white working-class vote, and now, we have a piece from James L.  Taylor parsing the support among black and white voters for Hillary Clinton and Barack Obama. So some interesting perspectives that people should take time out to read.","Of course, Ron was just on our air."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : on air implies to participate in a radio program and not meaning to physically hang in the air","questions":"How was Ron participating in the discussion?","answer":"Radio"}
{"text":["Rabbi, how are you and the other people doing this profound work doing, feeling, thinking about?","Well, I cannot speak for anyone else. I can only answer you the same answer I've given everyone since Saturday night when they've asked how I'm doing. And the answer is, ask me in a few days. And I'll try to figure it out. Right now I'm not - I'm focused on what I and others - there's so many people working day and night on this issue and on other communal issues. It's inspiring to see. But right now I haven't even allowed myself to cry because if I do, I will fall apart. And I will not be able to do what has to be done. As the days go by, it's getting harder and harder for me to push those tears back. So I'm going to probably need a corner soon just to fall apart in. But right now we have work to do.","At some point, Rabbi Wasserman, that synagogue becomes a place of worship once again. Will that be difficult for you?","Well, that's not my synagogue. I'm the rabbi at one of the other synagogues."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  by person A is different from its literal meaning. While the words used in the turn are clear, the intended meaning is metaphorical. Person A is saying that they are emotionally overwhelmed but are trying to maintain their composure to continue doing the necessary work. The phrase \"fall apart\" is not meant to be taken literally, but rather as a figurative expression for losing control or breaking down emotionally.","questions":"Which phrase in turn 1 is meant to be taken figuratively?","answer":"Fall"}
{"text":["Switching gears, we have been talking on the show and online about the major economic woes facing Detroit. What's been the response on our blog?","Yeah, we're talking about the price of a home sold in Detroit going down to $7,500. And a reader named Deuce Bollards wonders, quote, \"What will happen to the Lions, the Pistons and Tigers?If they bite the dust, that will be the saddest part of this story. \"I don't necessarily agree. There's a lot of other sad stories (laughing) other than Detroit's sports teams. . .","Well, that's true, but, you know.","Going down. But, you know, as our blog winds down, in the show's final week, we have links to all of our network of bloggers and those conversations will continue there."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They are talking about the econominc troubles that are happening in Detroit.","questions":"How much did a home sell for in Detroit?","answer":"$7,500"}
{"text":["You know, it's not fair to put the blame on the entire system. You know, we countlessly says in sexual assaults it's not a fraternity problem. It's not an alcohol problem. But we also can't be naive enough not to point out that there seems to be a theme happening where people have this groupthink and are able to hide behind a larger organization.","Can you give us any more insight as to what the conversation on your editorial board's been like?","We were shocked and disgusted when this information came out. You know, one of our first editorials was just somewhat emotional - us explaining that we are very frustrated that this has happened. We are disgusted. These actions are vile, and we, as a student newspaper, are putting our foot down. We're not going to stand for it. As more information has unfolded, specifically the anonymous interview that came out in Philadelphia magazine - that was another topic of one of our editorials.","I don't know that story."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"hide behind a larger organization\" - This phrase means that individuals use the larger organization as a shield to protect themselves from accountability. Its actual meaning is figurative, not literal.","questions":"Which phrase from turn 0 is a figurative expression?","answer":"Hide"}
{"text":["And I went into Washington Park on Chicago's south side and met some retired African-American men who were spending their days fishing and who really were living history for me. You know, I had these books, but they would give me the ins and out of the black political machine, the state of race relations in the city. And everything that I was reading in these textbooks seemed dead because they could say exactly the same thing with so much more spirit, and I wanted to find a way to spend time with folks like that instead of just asking them a few questions and hoping they could give me short answers.","They basically told you, okay, I'm glad you talked to us, but talk to some younger guys. So what did you do?","So they sent me to a few neighborhoods. I constructed a survey, and I said okay, let me go see if I can start up some conversations. I went to the Robert Taylor Homes, a very poor public-housing development in Chicago. And I walked into this stairwell, and I met this street gang that was selling drugs in the stairwell, and they wondered who I was, and they thought I was a gang member, and they thought I was a Mexican gang member.","They started calling me Julio, and I administered the survey to them, and they just laughed. And they thought, okay, you must be from another gang because nobody's going to ask stupid questions like this. They kept me there, and I had. . .","You had multiple-choice questions like how do you feel being poor and black?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The experiences and stories of real people can offer more insight and authenticity than textbooks","questions":"Which Chicago park did the speaker visit on the south side?","answer":"Washington"}
{"text":["What are you, Lisa, most thankful for this holiday season?","I'm thankful I don't have the banks on my butt.","Does that make any sense?","It does. Do a lot of other businesses there locally that might not be affected by the baby boom - are they having a harder time?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"I'm thankful I don't have the banks on my butt.\" - The literal meaning of this sentence suggests that the speaker is physically carrying banks on their buttocks, which is nonsensical. However, the actual meaning is that the speaker is relieved that they don't owe money to the banks and are not being pursued by them.","questions":"Which body part does the speaker mention in their statement?","answer":"butt"}
{"text":["But even artists like Bone Crusher, who's very theatrical. He was on \"The Biggest Loser\" or - no, the \"Celebrity Fit Club,\" \"Celebrity Fit Club. \"He was on \"Celebrity Fit Club\" and has such a wonderful personality. You have so - these artists that are first songwriters and musicians are so creative. They are so well-rounded and many of them you will see in other mediums.","Now, you are listening to NPR's News & Notes. I am Farai Chideya. In case you are just tuning in, we are doing a special roundtable in entertainment in the ATL with Dee Dee Murray. She is president of Murray Media Music. The company provides publishing service for musicians, writers and producers. And Sonia Murray, music writer at the Atlanta Journal Constitution.","Now, Dee Dee, what about the issue of being a woman in this industry?You know, I have many friends in the industry and I am just going to be real here. You know, one of them says, well, if I don't go to the strip clubs with the guys, I don't get the deal. Do you ever had to figure out where you draw the line in terms of how you are willing to make deals and where you are willing to make deals?","All of the time. As a woman, you always are faced with the challenge of upholding your morality in a lot of instances. And for me, I have had to go to the strip club with some of my clients that are males from California that only dreamed of coming to Atlanta and striking deals in these clubs."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : As a woman in the industry, upholding morality can be difficult and uncomfortable.","questions":"Which industry is the woman referring to in turn 3?","answer":"Music"}
{"text":["Yes. I will be a compulsive gambler until the day that I die.","So, how - what changes have you made in your behavior specifically to avoid going back to where you were?","Well, that's the good thing about the program. We do have a recovery program. We do have people in there that help with financial situation, emotional situations, etc. I needed to have completed the 12 steps of recovery and on a continuous basis at least 2 meetings per week. I need to know what the other people who are coming in or still suffering and that the disease is still out there. And by attending meetings, I will always know and I will never forget that compulsive gambling still exists for the compulsive gambler.","Well, sir, thank you for sharing your story with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The 12-step recovery program helps A cope with financial and emotional situations and reminds him\/her that compulsive gambling is still a threat.","questions":"What does the 12-step recovery program remind PersonA about compulsive gambling?","answer":"Threat12-step"}
{"text":["However, they pointed out to me that they could do so much, but they needed roofing materials. Without roofing materials, when the rains come in the rainy season, it will all be washed away, their work. And that seemed to me to be an example of the sort of local women's group that needs to be supported. That groups like that can participate as they want to in the re-integration and recovery process. It's very important that the government of Southern Sudan, with the support of the international community, give support to local women's groups like these.","Well Melanie, thank you so much.","Thank you.","Melanie Teff is with Refugees International. She recently returned from a trip to Southern Sudan, where she helped with returning refugees and the advancement of women's rights."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Local women's groups in Southern Sudan need support from the government and international community for their re-integration and recovery process.","questions":"Which process needs support in Southern Sudan?","answer":"Recovery"}
{"text":["Yeah. That is right because he has been uploading a number of videos on YouTube. He was calling, basically, for the killing off of nonbelievers.","You talk about wanting the authorities to take action against Zaharan. But did you get any sense in recent years that he was attracting followers or that you saw men being drawn to radical groups?","At the time, you know, we thought that Zaharan was a loner and that, you know, he had no major following as such, except a few people in his hometown. But in 2018, December, we realized that there were basically a bunch of youths going around and damaging Buddhist statues. And we found out that Zaharan has been their mentor.","So this was in one particular village. You're saying that back in December of 2018, there were some young people who defaced some Buddhist statues."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"attracting followers\" - This phrase does not literally mean that Zaharan was physically attracting people towards him, but rather it suggests that he was gaining supporters for his extremist ideologies and possibly forming a following.","questions":"What does the phrase \"attracting followers\" imply about Zaharan's actions?","answer":"Supporters"}
{"text":["On Tuesday, Panamanian officials announced they had intercepted a North Korean ship laden with a suspicious cargo of Cuban sugar. Drug enforcement agents, acting on a tip, boarded the ship in the Panama Canal last week and found hidden below the sugar not drugs but missile parts and disassembled fighter planes. When pressed, Cuban authorities said the ship was carrying obsolete defensive weapons to North Korea for repair. Joining us now to fill us in on the history of Cuba's relationship with North Korea is Dr.  Frank Mora. Until very recently, he was deputy assistant secretary of defense. He is now director of the Latin American and Caribbean Center at Florida International University. Thank you for joining us.","DR.  FRANK MORA: Great to be here, Linda.","Now, when did North Korea and Cuba first develop a relationship?","It was the 1960s, not long after Fidel Castro declared Cuba being a Marxist-Lenin state, which was in December. And not long after that, the Cuban revolution decided to side with the Soviet Union rather than the Chinese in the Russian-Sino split that had occurred in the '60s. And, of course, North Korea had become a client of the Soviet Union, particularly after the Korean War. And Cuba had gravitated toward the direction. So, there was an immediate connection but it was not much more than a diplomatic-political-ideological relations rather than economic relationship."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: Communication involves not only transmitting information but also interpreting and responding to the feedback and reactions of others, and adjusting the message accordingly.","questions":"What is the reason for Dr. Frank Mora's appearance on the show?","answer":"history"}
{"text":["A couple of questions: Does a planet have to be like, quote-unquote, \"like Earth\" for it to be habitable?","Oh absolutely not, absolutely. The biology extremophiles can exist over a wide range of temperatures and salinities and pressures and such. So no, it doesn't have to be like Earth. But that makes it easier for us to imagine that there might be life as we know it.","What's interesting to me, exciting to me, is the prospect of perhaps these stars are very close, are they not?They're. . .","These are some of the closest stars. This one is the 19th closest star to us."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The stars are not actually very close to Earth. The implication is that they are closer to Earth and its Sun than other stars.","questions":"What is the rank of the star mentioned in the dialogue in terms of proximity to Earth?","answer":"19th"}
{"text":["I think as friends, the guys that were there, we took it a lot harder than anybody else. But yup, I have.","What about life in the United States after you've been in a war zone?When you come back and you put your foot on American soil, I'm sure that there are a lot of emotions. What are some of the different things that happen to you as you ease back into civilian life?","I don't think there's an easing to it. You say put my foot on American soil. As soon as I stepped off that plane in Indianapolis, I fell face forward onto the tarmac and started hugging the ground because I was so happy to be home. I guess the hardest part, especially being a convoy commander on the road, is dealing with traffic out on the expressway. It's kind of scary there because you're constantly scanning the roads, and, you know, you see people up behind you, tailgating you. And me, I get upset because, you know, I'm doing it now. When you talk about it, it flashes through your mind.","You want to push people out of the way because in Iraq, we had total control of the road. We owned the road, and if you got in our way, we'd push you off to the side. But here, at home, you can't do that. That'd be classified as road rage, and I have to watch my attitude when I'm driving, still."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The phrase \"push you off to the side\" is figurative and means to physically force someone to move out of the way. The speaker is using this expression to describe their aggressive driving style in Iraq, which is not acceptable behavior on American roads. The phrase \"watch my attitude\" is also figurative, as it means to monitor and control one's behavior and emotions rather than their physical posture or demeanor.","questions":"Which expression did the speaker use to describe their aggressive driving style in Iraq?","answer":"Push"}
{"text":["Absolutely. And that's something that my father always stressed upon my sisters and me and that we've all thought it's very important that you should be engaged in the process. In this case it is a political process, because the process of electing our government leaders is one that will have a direct impact on whether we're here and what we do here. So it's fine to criticize, but at the same time if you're not engaged in the process I feel that's a real discredit to everything you try to protest against.","Do you sense a great excitement among the men and women there about the election?","Well, there's certainly a lot of open questions, a lot of us are wondering if Barack Obama's elected versus John McCain and vice versa, whether that will have an effect not just on this tour, but on future military careers because we have a lot of soldiers and a lot of officers who are planning to make a military career and I'm not one of them. I'm going to be leaving active duty when we return from this tour.","But for those soldiers especially, the big question now is, when and how soon they'll have to deploy to Afghanistan. Because many of these soldiers are on their third, some even on their fourth tour here to Iraq. And so now they're looking at another open ended involvement in Afghanistan. And so they've got a lot of questions about that and so we're really just curious right now what both candidates - what decisions they'll make."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : There is no indication that the actual meaning is different from the literal meaning. It's a straightforward question about whether people at the location are excited about the election.","questions":"Which question is PersonB asking in the dialogue?","answer":"Excitement"}
{"text":["All right. Just quickly, before we let you go. Do you have any plans to try to catch up with Senator Obama's family on or after election day?","Oh, I don't know if I'm going to make it, because there's a huge media presence here already, and I think everyone's just waiting just to catch up with his grandmother.","Other reporters will be there, right outside her house?","Oh, absolutely. They were right outside her house during his delivery of the speech, during the Democratic Convention. And if I get the chance and manage to wiggle my way through the crowd, hopefully I might get a chance to speak to her. I have spoken to his stepsister, Auma Obama, and - in the past. So, you know, who knows?If I get that opportunity, yes, definitely, I will want to speak to them, and maybe speak to you later about what they said."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The media presence may prevent me from catching up with Senator Obama's family.","questions":"Which presence?","answer":"Media."}
{"text":["Isabelia Herrera, welcome. Thanks so much for joining us.","Thank you for having me.","Now, you write about something that might be a surprise to some. But you write that many people within the Latino community bristle at the term Hispanic. Why is that?","Yeah. I think these conversations have been going on for a while now. But now we're seeing them enter into more mainstream spaces. The question with the term Hispanic is primarily about its connection to Spain. The term Hispanic basically includes that colonial relationship to Spain. So it refers to people who are of Spanish descent, either living in Latin America or the U. S.  And I think that now, as, you know, we're re-evaluating what that term and what that identity means, there's a lot of questions around that connection to Spain."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"enter mainstream spaces\" could mean that something is becoming more popular.","questions":"What does \"Hispanic\" refer to?","answer":"People"}
{"text":["Hey there, Lulu.","So I saw on your Twitter feed that you had only run into half the journalists in the Western Hemisphere.","(Laughter).","What is the atmosphere there?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The atmosphere is how people are feeling toward one another and treating one another.","questions":"What is the term for the way people interact with each other in a particular environment?","answer":"Atmosphere"}
{"text":["The show was political. I mean, it didn't shy away from really difficult issues, took sharp aim at President Trump on several occasions. Did that play into Netflix's decision to cancel it, do we have any idea?","I don't get any sense that Netflix canceled it over the political content. If anything, the political content is one of the reasons why they treated this cancellation a bit differently and a bit more gently than they ordinarily do - because there were not a lot of shows out there about a Latin American family with a predominantly Latinx cast dealing with these issues about immigration, LGBTQ issues. You know, every episode has some kind of hot-button subject. You know, one of the characters is a recovering alcoholic. Another has PTSD from serving in the military. So it touched on a lot of things.","And that was one of the things the audience loved about it. I don't think, based on a lot of the other content Netflix has, that that would have been a reason to get rid of it. I think it was purely a financial decision or, you know, whatever the finances actually were.","And the show can't just get plucked up by someone else."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implicated meaning: The political content of the show is one of the reasons why Netflix treated the cancellation differently and more gently than they typically do. The show dealt with many sensitive and relevant topics, making it unique and important for representation.","questions":"How did the political content of the show impact Netflix's decision?","answer":"Positive"}
{"text":["Well, so far, they've gotten houses in Jeddah, a city on the Red Sea in Saudi Arabia. They've also gotten monthly stipends, or monthly payments, of about $10,000 to $15,000 per month.","Although it sounds like, from your reporting, that's just the beginning. You report negotiations for possible larger payments. What would they be?","Yeah. So this is - this happens in sort of two stages. These were payments that were approved by the king late last year for the family. But going forward, you know, there are cases; there are prosecutions underway in Saudi Arabia. When those conclude, there would be an opening for discussions for far more money. And that's where you get into the real sort of blood money situation or scenario. Those could be millions and millions of dollars (inaudible). . .","Now, we should just underline that. I mean, we understand, from civil lawsuits in the United States, the idea of punitive damages. Blood money, I guess, is somewhat similar but also different. This is a way to wipe away a killing rather than the family of the victim having to seek revenge. Is that right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) implies that \"blood money\" is a way to reconcile with the family of the victim without seeking revenge.","questions":"How is \"blood money\" different from punitive damages in civil lawsuits?","answer":"Reconciliation"}
{"text":["Her fencing tutor, when she is 13, makes her his mistress. Julie says he gave everything I desired and quite a few things I hadn't known existed. Oh, my word.","(Laughter) He was her father's boss. And he was one of the great nobleman of France at the time, a very, very powerful man. And all of a sudden, she was the very young mistress and was moved into Paris so that he could keep her separate from his wife, but she wanted more. And so very quickly she got bored and she ran off with her fencing master.","Yeah. There's a lot of fencing in this book. As soon as I say that, I realize metaphorical but also actual fencing in this book.","Well, I used to fence as a kid. It's one of the reasons I know about her. I fenced all through school and college, but I have to say that I'd - when I'm writing the fencing scenes, I do jump out of my chair and grab a foil - I've still got my old swords - and I act out the scenes for myself just to make sure that they make sense."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Her fencing tutor, when she is 13, makes her his mistress. Julie says he gave everything I desired and quite a few things I hadn't known existed. Oh, my word.  The implied meaning here is that the fencing tutor didn't only provide fencing training but also engaged in a romantic and possibly sexual relationship with Julie when she was 13. The phrase \"makes her his mistress\" suggests a deeper relationship beyond a mere student-teacher dynamic.","questions":"Which age was Julie when her fencing tutor made her his mistress?","answer":"13"}
{"text":["That will vary tremendously among fields, but the simple story is, it'll take awhile. So, even the most wildly optimistic assessment would say that, even if we started drilling now, we won't really see any oil for five years. So, the U. S.  Geological Survey looked at, for example, the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, and even if we started drilling today, we wouldn't really start to produce significant quantities of oil for a decade.","Robert, I know you're familiar with the ongoing debate about energy resources in this country. What we should do?Drill now?Don't drill now?You're a nonpartisan. You're a scientist. How do you view this argument between, really, the Republicans and the Democrats?","You know, the question for this country, for policy is, how will we ensure that we have energy over the next 20 years?To do that, we have a finite amount of capital that we can invest in the energy industry. It's highly unlikely that investing that money in offshore oil and gas drilling will ensure that we have sufficient supplies of energy 10 and 20 years from now. We've tried that experiment in the past. Despite all those wells drilled, domestic oil and gas production continued to decline. So, in hindsight, that money was not effectively spent.","Robert Kaufmann, director of the Center for Energy and Environmental Studies at Boston University. Robert, thank you.","Oh, you're welcome."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Investing in offshore oil and gas drilling may not effectively ensure sufficient energy supplies in the future.","questions":"What is the question for policy in this country?","answer":"Energy"}
{"text":["The regime does blame rebels for escalating this bout of violence. And, as you say, there's a lot at stake here. It's a place that's swollen with civilians. A lot of people who've fled the fighting elsewhere in the country have taken refuge here, and aid workers are saying it would be a catastrophe if a full war took hold here.","Oh, this is amazing. So this is where a lot of people who have fled violence arrived in huge numbers, thinking that this might be their one last safe. . .","Right.",". . . Space. And if there are that many civilians there - like, what do we know about these airstrikes so far?How badly are civilians being hit?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The airstrikes are hitting civilians and causing harm","questions":"How are the airstrikes affecting civilians?","answer":"hitting"}
{"text":["Back-and-forth, funny lines, that sort of thing. So it was quite clear what that was. And also accompanying that were three videotapes, one of which was of Governor Bush doing a Tim Russert-style interview in his shorts. I watched that for a few seconds, and I realized I shouldn't be having these materials. And so right after that, I called up our campaign manager, and I said, we've got some problems here. I've gotten stolen materials. And my lawyer came not long after that, and we decided that we needed to turn those materials over to the FBI.","Not just the FBI, also the press, right?You guys sought sort of transparency in this.","Yeah, well, we issued a very noble-sounding press release recusing myself from that. But we didn't disclose any of the materials. That actually - they left my office at about 1 o'clock. The FBI came over to interview me, oddly, that day, and I had found myself in an odd position of explaining to the agents why this was a crime. They were unfamiliar with it. And they didn't realize that these debate materials were probably some of the most valuable things in the United States at the time. And eventually Louis Freeh became the agent of record. He was the FBI director.","I want to follow up on that point because while you acted out of an abundance of caution, President Trump was considerably more nonchalant, let's say, about the idea of receiving dirt on an opponent. Were you surprised when you heard his comments?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The FBI agents were unaware that the debate materials were valuable","questions":"What were the FBI agents unfamiliar with?","answer":"Debate"}
{"text":["So as we talked about, there was some last-minute campaigning by the prime minister. And you might think he would be more relaxed after an Election Day, right?He's Israel's longest-serving prime minister.","Right. But you know what?He campaigned extra vigorously. He dragged a family out of their home to the polling place. He took a bullhorn, and he visited Jerusalem's main bus station and the main vegetable market. And he claimed over and over again that he could lose, that - he was claiming that right-wing voter turnout was low and left-wing and Arab voter turnout was high. Arab voters meaning Palestinian citizens of Israel, not Palestinians in the Israeli-occupied West Bank. They can't vote in Israeli elections.","Then Netanyahu went back to his official residence, and he spent hours streaming live on Facebook and Instagram and Twitter. He was trying to get people to go to the polls. He called it an emergency broadcast. He was taking calls from party activists. He called on TV commentators. He called them out by name and called them liars. He even appeared in a video clip with puppets. So, frankly, Audie, he overshadowed all of the other candidates on this Election Day.","And voters - how are they responding to it?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : last minute means to basically to do what you are meant to do close to a due date.","questions":"What did Netanyahu do to encourage people to go to the polls?","answer":"social"}
{"text":["Well, I think we're at an interesting crossroads, because modern medicine has had to acknowledge that there are other forms of medicine because of the way people are spending their dollar. People spend more money seeing alternative practitioners than they do in seeing their primary care doctors. They make more visits to alternative care. The problem is now, that modern medicine is seeking to determine what's efficacious. It's seeking to try to squeeze everything into a biomedical model, in terms of testing and creating whatever evidence that, you know, they need to create, to write an article.","But you can't really do this with energy medicine. So I think that what's going to happen is you're having stronger associations of people that are naturopaths, chiropractors, people doing craniosacral work. So what's happening is that people are getting skills in areas that are allowing them to encroach on things that have previously been treated just by modern medicine. So when you - so people - clinics and hospitals are going to have to move more in the direction of an integrated medical facility.","Well, Dr.  Kokayi, great to talk to you.","I appreciate the time and just to share and put those ideas out there.","Dr.  Kamau Kokayi is the medical director of Kokayi Health Center for Holistic Medicine. He also hosts the New York radio show Global Medicine Review."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Clinics and hospitals will have to integrate alternative medicine.","questions":"What will modern medicine have to do in response to the increasing popularity of alternative medicine?","answer":"Integrate"}
{"text":["How do you feel about the United States now?","It was my home, and it is my home. And it will be my home because I have nowhere else to go. If I went somewhere else, I wouldnt be alive.","Is there something you'd like the Army and the Department of Defense and everyone to know about you?","I am more patriotic than many Americans. I am ready to lay my life down for this country and for the safety of its people. Im not a bad person, and I have never committed a crime. My life is in danger if the institutions like USCIS and DOD does not help me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker needs the help of the Army and DOD to survive because his life is in danger.","questions":"Which institution does the speaker need help from to survive?","answer":"Army"}
{"text":["Right. They're kind of barracks, right?This sort of - people don't have privacy.","No privacy. In some cases, they actually look like slave cabins. I mean, they're small. They're wooden shacks. Many of them - in fact, I have not seen one. They do not have bathrooms in the living facility itself. If you don't have a bathroom in your home or in your living space, you have to walk, in some cases, quite a ways to get to the toilet, to get to a shower. And this creates another vulnerability for women and something that they always have to be careful of, especially young girls.","What needs to happen, in your view?","Oh. I sigh because it's been such a long road. I think the best way for women to protect themselves - the best way that I've seen in the many years that I've organized has actually been a union contract. And that's because a union contract has a grievance process that guarantees that there will be no retaliation, that provides a means of justice and fairness and a response that's speedy, that addresses the issue, that allows farmworkers to actually have abusive supervisors fired and go back to work and be safe. If there's no way for an abuser to be actually punished for what he's doing to the women in the workplace, then it doesn't work. It doesn't work. And women are not going to complain. They're not going to feel safe."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : No privacy. In some cases, they actually look like slave cabins. - The literal meaning of this turn is that the living conditions for farmworkers are so poor that they resemble the living conditions of slaves in the past. The actual meaning is that the living conditions are dehumanizing and lack basic amenities, which puts the workers, especially women, in vulnerable situations.","questions":"Which vulnerability does the lack of bathroom facilities create for women?","answer":"safety"}
{"text":["And so if we organize the production and the processing and distribution of organic foods on a large scale, there's efficiencies to be had. This is actually kind of an experiment, a test. You know, how much of the extra costs that you pay when you buy organic food - how much of that is just the fragmented nature of the business?How much of it is the small-scale aspect?And how much of it is inherent in organic production?","Well, there's no question that Walmart is kind of the king of logistics. But if you talk to some of their suppliers, they'll also complain that Walmart is the king of squeezing them and making them produce the product ever more cheaply at their own expense.","Right. So you could say this is a threat to some organic producers who are used to higher margins. On the other hand, I mean, the organic production is expanding, and if Walmart wants large quantities, they may have to outbid other producers. There is a limit right now on the amount of organic food for sale. They say they want to expand that, and there's no reason why they couldn't. There's lots of land out there. Right now, organic is actually a very small part of American food production, people say 5 percent or less. So there's no reason why Walmart couldn't expand organic production if they offered a good price. The question is can they do it cheaply?","Part of this has to do with trust. Are people going to stop going to Whole Foods and go over to Walmart 'cause they can get the eggs $2 cheaper?I'm a little skeptical."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  implies that people may not trust Walmart to provide the same quality of organic food as Whole Foods.","questions":"Which word best describes the potential impact of Walmart entering the organic food market, according to the conversation?","answer":"Impact"}
{"text":["Possible charges and possible indictment for bribery in a number of cases - and yet, that's not - it's barely scratching the surface here in the headlines. Netanyahu is poised to have a very strong few weeks. He is meeting Secretary of State Pompeo this week in Jerusalem. He goes to Washington next week, expected to meet Trump. Brazil's new president is visiting just days before the elections, and all of this could boost Netanyahu's profile.","And of course, people are following violence in the West Bank and Gaza happening at the same time. What's happening there?","Yeah. Yesterday a Palestinian stabbed a soldier, stole his gun, commandeered a car and fired shots. An Israeli soldier and a rabbi were killed. Another soldier was badly wounded. And this comes a week after two Palestinians were killed by Israeli fire. And then in Gaza, we've been seeing some rare protests against Hamas, against tax hikes there. All of this is a reminder that even though there's been a relative period of calm here, there is continuing tension. And when violence erupts, it can impact how Israelis vote.","Do you notice intense interest in this election, Daniel?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Scratching the surface\" here implies that a topic or issue has only begun to be considered or addressed, and that the scope is much greater. It has nothing to do with actual scratching anything in the physical sense.","questions":"What does \"scratching the surface\" mean?","answer":"Begin"}
{"text":["That could be jeopardized?","Well, certainly the people putting forth these plans don't think it would be. What they want to do is change Medicaid from a guaranteed benefit to a block grant to states. So a state would get a fixed amount of money from the federal government and decide for itself how to spend it. The idea is that states know their needs better than the feds, and this would give them flexibility.","What critics of this idea worry about is, what happens in an economic downturn when demand on Medicaid goes up?They say states could be left with a sort of Sophie's choice. Do you cut back on services for poor children or for the frail elderly?","I know we've talked about Medicare and Medicaid. Are there proposed changes that would affect older Americans who might buy their own health care coverage?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) Implied meaning: Do states have to make a difficult decision on how to use the limited funds? ","questions":"How could states be affected during an economic downturn under the proposed Medicaid changes?","answer":"Trade-off"}
{"text":["President Obama faces increasing pressure to intervene in Syria, where the civil war has killed an estimated 70,000 people and displaced more than a million more. Artillery, tanks and anti-aircraft fire - and aircraft fire on civilians, and now there are reports that nerve gas has been used as well. The U. S.  would justify any action as a humanitarian intervention to protect civilians, the same ground cited in Bosnia, Somalia, Iraq and Libya. And as those instances suggest, the president faced tremendous risks and very little prospect of reward. That's the conclusion of Gary Bass, a professor of politics in international affairs at Princeton University. He's the author of \"Freedom's Battle: The Origins of Humanitarian Intervention,\" and he joins now via Skype from his home in New York. Good of you to be with us today.","Thank you.","And it's hard to talk about this topic without bringing up Syria, where the president is being asked to intervene under pressure to do so.","That's right. And increasingly, people are talking about it. Seventy thousand dead, how can this go on day after day?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"without bringing up Syria\" implies without speaking about the topic of Syria.","questions":"How can you describe the topic that is avoided in the conversation?","answer":"Syria"}
{"text":["The Rough Riders were a unique volunteer regiment that was formed in the first days of the Spanish-American War. At the time, the U. S.  military was really small, and they needed to bulk up really quickly. So the U. S.  Army went out and recruited cowboys, athletes, people who you could train pretty quickly. And a lot of it was the brainchild of Theodore Roosevelt.","It was his particular idea of who was manly enough to be in a regiment with him. Is that fair to say?","Well, it was - he - yes, he did a lot of the vetting himself. And it certainly was a lot of, yes, his conception of what it meant to be manly. And so you not only had a lot of people from the West but also a lot of Ivy League football players. The No. 1 and the No. 2 tennis player in the country quit tennis to join, and that was the kind of thing that he loved.","Were these celebrities in some cases?","Yeah, they were. They were celebrities in the sense that they were the children of the tycoons and the kind of lords of the Gilded Age, the sort of people who grew up in Newport and Fifth Avenue and had names that resonated for a public that, you know, much like today, they know who has the money, who has the power."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Theodore Roosevelt had specific ideas about what made a man manly","questions":"What was the concept behind the formation of the Rough Riders?","answer":"Volunteer"}
{"text":["Then later on, I ended up having to deal with, really, racism from both sides, from white people, as well as from black people who claimed that I was not really black because of the music I listened to or the way that I speak or some intangible delineation that people make in terms of how you're supposed to behave based upon the color of your skin.","Well, Brian, you know, you went on to basically go about your life and kind of sublimate this incredible pressure. But at some point, it all broke for you. What happened then?","Well, what happened was - I should back up and say that at the time that I wrote \"Not a Genuine Black Man,\" the book and the play, I decided that in order for it to be real and to be true and to be what I wanted it to be, I'd have to be completely naked. And that being the case, I knew that I would have to talk about the darkest moment in my life, which was a very severe period of depression I went through in 1999.","I had - I didn't realize it at the time, but apparently I had suffered depression since childhood, from all of the, you know, strangers driving down the street yelling the N-word, not being included because I was the only black kid and being different. And I'd spent a lot of time isolating and by myself."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A reflects on his childhood experiences of racism and isolation as the only black kid.","questions":"Which childhood experience of PersonA left a lasting impact on him?","answer":"Racism"}
{"text":["Dr.  Ahmad Tarakji leads the Syrian American Medical Society, which operates hospitals inside Syria. He is an American, and between trips to Syria, he told us hospitals are targeted despite efforts to shelter them.","We try to put those hospitals underground, as we found that they are the primary target of any military operation. But also, you cannot do that in every single hospital that's there inside Syria.","So you just said that hitting hospitals would be the primary target of any military operation. Did I understand you correctly?","That's perfectly correct. When there is an intent to displace people, then hospitals start to get targeted and in a pattern that's very predictable. We've seen it before in Aleppo. In addition to putting those hospitals in underground structures or in caves hospital (ph), we share the location, the coordinates of these hospitals with the U. N.  agencies, with Russia, with the United States, as they both are leading the humanitarian task force in Syria."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Despite efforts to shelter them, hospitals in Syria are being targeted during military operations.","questions":"Which facilities are being targeted during military operations in Syria?","answer":"Hospitals"}
{"text":["Yeah. Well, a big one can come from any number of faults here in Southern California. So if you looked at a map of Southern California and wanted to imagine all the faults, just throw a pile of spaghetti down on it, and all those little strands would be faults all over the place. These - this set of faults is inland from the San Andreas.","And so there was a less-than-1% chance that we would've had an above-7. 0 magnitude earthquake yesterday following the 6. 4 on Thursday, and that happened. As of today, there is a less-than-2% chance that we could see another magnitude 7 today, but we're going to have to see how that shakes out.","The San Andreas is not directly impacted by these faults, as far as we know. But there are a whole lot of faults in that area that might've taken a strain of some of these smaller faults that - when they released all their energy, because that strain doesn't just go away. It has to go somewhere else. And some of the other faults in the area took it on.","And how much do we know at this moment in time, this early in the day, about what the damage is up there?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Southern California has a lot of faults and is at high risk for earthquakes.","questions":"How is Southern California's earthquake risk?","answer":"Hair"}
{"text":["Yeah, of course. I think it's right for the employer to know. But let the person go all the way through the process until the point where they're being offered a job. It creates more momentum towards hiring and more of a chance that that person's actually get a job.","Why do you include in this legislation a provision that would allow felons to vote in every state in the country?","You know, these felony disenfranchise laws - if you go back to some of the state legislative debates that were happening after Reconstruction, they were designed to stop African-Americans from voting. These have racist roots to these laws. And it gets to a point now where you can see the fruit of that poison tree - is that you have some counties in America where 1 out of 4 African-Americans can't vote. And remember; the overwhelming number of charges are for nonviolent drug offenses.","So here, you've served your time, and now you're going to have 10, 20, 40, 50, 60 years more as an adult. And you're told that your citizen rights have been stripped from you?This is a way, I think, that poor people especially - low-income people are being stripped of their democratic power."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The figurative meaning here is that allowing the person to go through the entire hiring process without disclosing their criminal record increases their chances of getting a job. It suggests that withholding information about their criminal record can help them overcome potential biases.","questions":"Which groups of people are being stripped of their democratic power, according to PersonA's statement?","answer":"Low-income"}
{"text":["And we actually have a link to how to take the test up on our website at sciencefriday. com. People can try it out for themselves. What other things can you measure with this test besides bias in that way?","It's been very useful in measuring gender stereotypes. For example, it shows that there are strong stereotypes that associate male with science, female with arts, and we found that this is correlated with different countries. The strength of this implicit stereotype, is what we call it, predicts male-female differences in performance on standardized tests that are administered every few years.","There's a gender career stereotype that associates women with family, men with careers, and you'd think that this is something that men would show, but women would reject. Actually, the implicit association test shows that women have this stereotype, this implicit stereotype, even a little more strongly than men. And we found in research, others have found in research, that this stereotype is associated with women experiencing difficulty in the workplace.","It's sort of a force inside their head that gives them a source of conflict or a feeling of discomfort in career situations.","Speaking of inside your head, can you tell anything about people's mental health from the test?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : There is a strong gender stereotype associating males with science and females with arts that affects performance on standardized tests.","questions":"What stereotype affects performance on standardized tests?","answer":"Males"}
{"text":["And he has gotten some criticism, interestingly, from some of his previously most supportive conservative voices, like Ann Coulter and Alex Jones of InfoWars but also from Congress, who've been asking the same questions as your previous guest, which is, what is the overall strategy for solving the Syrian crisis?So far, the strategy seems to be defeat ISIS and get out. And, wherever possible, make it contrast with President Obama. But the strategy does seem to be very similar to President Obama's - do the bare minimum to save face when chemical weapons are used.","And it is possible that maybe you can't really solve the Syrian problem or even stop Assad from using chemical weapons if you're not willing to risk hitting some Russians because all of Syria's most valuable military assets now are intertwined with Russians in Syria.","So you say that some of his actions have been uncharacteristically un-Trumpian and that they're reminiscent of Obama. But what is Trumpian is that he's been conducting Syria policy over Twitter.","That's right, and he previewed the strikes. He said they were coming fast and smart. The missiles were coming. He then backtracked and said, maybe I haven't decided on a strike. And then, he tweeted something that really got everyone's attention. He said mission accomplished, which are two words that. . ."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The strategy to solve the Syrian crisis is similar to Obama's","questions":"What have some of Trump's previously supportive conservative voices criticized him for in regards to the Syrian crisis?","answer":"Criticism"}
{"text":["Yeah.","Some old steelworker or some young hip-hop kid.","Racial moment, that's nice.","You know, and everybody wants to know what people are thinking about race.","It's like racial moment versus the senior moment."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is sarcastic about the so-called 'racial moment'","questions":"Which moment is the speaker being sarcastic about?","answer":"Racialmoment"}
{"text":["Well, Shadow, my producer, who up until then had been noted for producing the Shangri-las, he didn't really try to get me too so much as he gave me a choice. He said if you will change black as night, because the opening line is face is clean and shining black as night. He said if you change that word black to anything - anything else I can guarantee you a number one record. And he said, but it's your choice. And a friend of ours was standing there and he said, quote, unquote, \"you whore now, you'll whore forever,\" and that's a pretty strong words. I was 15 at that time. That was pretty strong. But from my point of view, hey, I was getting to make a record. How cool is that, you know?","Yeah.","When it was a hit or not was secondary.","Let me ask you, is that a scar, or is it just a lesson learned from then that carries with you today?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : They want to know if that is something that still affects them today or is it a lesson learned.","questions":"What does PersonB want to know about PersonA's experience?","answer":"Impact"}
{"text":["Good morning.","We have begun to see pictures of refugee camps blanketed with snow and children wearing painfully thin sweaters. Can you tell us what living conditions are like for Syrian refugees at the moment?","Well, here in Lebanon, it is dire. In fact, UNICEF officials say that 10,000 children are at risk because of this freezing cold. Inside Syria, an activist group posted videos of eight children - mostly infants - who froze to death. This is the worst winter storm in decades. Even here in Beirut last night, we walked home in a freezing hailstorm. Now, we're on the coast. Syrian refugees living in higher altitudes, they're trudging through the snow looking for anything to burn to keep warm.","Aid agencies have been preparing for the winter for the past few weeks. Why have they not been able to get warm clothing, if not at least heat, to a lot of the refugees?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is not asking for a literal description of the living conditions of Syrian refugees, but rather for an explanation of why aid agencies have not been able to provide them with warm clothing or heat.","questions":"What is the speaker asking for an explanation of?","answer":"Aid"}
{"text":["I went out last night, actually, to try to catch some of the World Series. And some of the bars are starting to reopen. But everywhere that you go, the only power that people have is running off of generators or running off of some solar power. You really do not see people getting much power from the grid.","Do you see people at work on the power system?","You do - absolutely. I mean, this is like this incredible project that is happening all across the island. There are crews that are out there. You see them moving. But you also see that there are power lines down absolutely everywhere. I mean, you know, we are talking weeks after Maria came through, and they're just - you know, wires are still lying all over the place. You know, big towers are down. It's dominating the media. It's dominating the news everyday. This is the obsession in Puerto Rico right now - is the power.","People must be frustrated. Who are they blaming?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The lack of power is a major issue in Puerto Rico after the hurricane.","questions":"Which natural disaster affected Puerto Rico?","answer":"hurricane"}
{"text":["A clever grounds crew can mean a difference in close games, can't it?","Oh, definitely. Well a grounds crew can tailor the field in very small ways that might impact the outcome of the game. You know, gone are the days of legendary Kansas City groundskeeper George Toma and his ilk - the (unintelligible). They really would tailor the fields in unbelievable ways. They would tilt the foul lines in a certain way so that bunts wouldn't roll foul. They were harden the turf to make it more difficult for players to slide if they didn't want the opposing team to slide.","Nowadays, uniformity is really something that is mandated by Major League Baseball. But there are still small ways. I visited with Trevor Vance, who's the head groundskeeper for the Kansas City Royals. And this was during 2015 - the year they would ultimately win the World Series. And he talked about how he made the infield play very fast - you know, shorter grass - because they had young, athletic infielders. And they felt that that was an advantage for them because they knew that their guys could get to the ball. And the other team probably couldn't.","There's so much joy in your book. But I have to ask, are there bad memories, if not ghosts, at the New Orleans Superdome?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be expressing frustration or dissatisfaction with their current experiences using crowdsourcing platforms like AMT and is looking for ways to improve their outcomes.","questions":"What type of experience might the speaker be expressing frustration with on crowdsourcing platforms?","answer":"Experience"}
{"text":["Well, I think a lot of us have become inert to that. Certainly, we have problems in spades. And for any journalist who wants to come to the city and write about its resurgence, which is taking place in pockets in the city, they do well not to generalize because it shows that you're turning a blind eye to the people who've struggled the hardest to stay here.","Michael Jackman is managing editor of the Detroit Metro Times. Thanks so much for being with us.","It's my pleasure.","This is NPR News."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The implied meaning of the first turn is that people have become apathetic to the problems facing the city and are not taking action.","questions":"How would you describe the attitude of the people towards the problems in the city?","answer":"Apathetic"}
{"text":["Yeah. So it's interesting with Magnus Carlsen - he realized early on that fixing small things, like what he drinks during the course of a game, will alter the way he functions, especially in the last hour or so of the game. And so one of the things that was really fascinating about this was when I was talking to his dad. His dad was like, oh, we went to the Olympic Training Center. And they were told immediately that the orange juice that he was drinking was causing for the sugar levels to take a huge dip in the fifth and sixth hours of game. And so they were asked to replace that with milk.","Meaning he'd have a little energy crash. So the idea is you need to keep yourself sustained with something that gives you energy but won't have the crash and that you need to do that even if you're not skiing, right. . .","Exactly. Exactly.",". . . Even if you're playing chess. So as we look at the world cup of chess, which is happening right now, what are you going to be watching for?What are the things you'll see and you'll think, that's somebody who's using some training?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Energy does not actually crash but the person gets very tired after a while.","questions":"How does energy crash?","answer":"dip"}
{"text":["I don't see that this is something that you can avoid. I like the idea that they might have a problem with me liking it. That makes sense. I think, you know, in the West we have - it seems kind of retrograde that I would like it, but you know, insofar as my kids are concerned, I think it's part of a skill set that everybody should have growing up.","It used to be in the purview of the aristocracy, you know, from fencing societies to, you know, Marquis of Queensbury Boxing Rules. These were the pursuits of the upper classes, you know, not even 100 years ago.","So if you were a person fit for society, this is what you did. You know, somebody might counter with well, we no longer duel either. You know, we settle our disagreements, we're guided by the rule of law. You know, I mean, when you're in a bar and a guy is not letting you leave the bar because somehow he's chosen you in this, you know, great moment of flesh meeting flesh that you and him are going to - I mean, there are lots of options, but it would be nice at that point in time probably for you to learn - know how to defend yourself.","Now, there's some people who have never had occasion to need to defend themselves, and to them this might seem to be a very strange pastime, but I don't know many people like that.","All right. Well, Eugene, thanks a lot."],"speaker":["A","A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It used to be in the purview of the aristocracy, you know, from fencing societies to, you know, Marquis of Queensbury Boxing Rules.These were the pursuits of the upper classes, you know, not even 100 years ago. Literal meaning: The speaker is discussing the historical association of martial arts with the upper classes.","questions":"Which social class had martial arts as their pursuits?","answer":"Upper"}
{"text":["OK.",". . . It's a big question.","OK. So it does seem that it's been reported that the president's advisers are at odds. His national security adviser, John Bolton, is hawkish, seems very skeptical about any negotiations with Iran while the secretary of state, Mike Pompeo, seems to want to de-escalate the conflict. Now, obviously, everyone should be very careful about committing troops to any conflict, so let's just take that as a given. But how do you interpret what's going on in the administration around this very sensitive and consequential issue?Some would argue that these things should have been worked out by now.","Well, as far as any discussion with regards to the military option - and there are four instruments of national power, primarily - diplomacy, information, military, economics. It's the dying principle that we follow here as a nation. I believe and many others believe that the military option anywhere at any time should always be the absolute. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"How do you interpret what's going on in the administration around this very sensitive and consequential issue?\" This question is not asking for a literal interpretation of what is happening but rather a more analytical and critical evaluation of the situation.","questions":"How should the question in turn 2 be answered to reflect the analytical and critical evaluation of the situation?","answer":"Analytical"}
{"text":["Well, yeah.","And - select which is the right kind of alcohol to put in there. Free test it.","Well, they - rum and bourbon.","Right."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B is asking A which type of alcohol to use for the recipe","questions":"Which type of alcohol was mentioned by A?","answer":"Rum"}
{"text":[". . . back in the - I think the big telescopes like Hubble and other ground-based telescopes will be used to observe the impact site if any debris appears. In fact, back in 2009, there was an impact of a much larger asteroid on Jupiter that caused a really - a debris cloud on Jupiter that was about as big as the Pacific Ocean.","Wow.","And the newly repaired Hubble was used to observe that impact, and a lot was learned about that impact from Hubble observation.","So folks are really tweaking it up now. I mean, and having a good weekend, you just need a nice clear sky, and you too might discover something."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A clear sky is all you need to make discoveries.","questions":"How can you make discoveries?","answer":"Sky"}
{"text":["So you have worked directly with children at the Homestead Shelter in South Florida. Can you take us through one case, one specific type service that you provide now that you wouldn't be able to if and when these cuts go forward?","Generally we provide a Know-Your-Rights presentation to every single child that is detained in an ORR facility in South Florida. Next we provide a one-on-one legal screening with every single child that is in one of these shelters. That legal screening has two purposes. One is to let us know, is this an emergency?Do we need to file this child's case right away?Or are they eligible for relief and are going to be released to another location?If they're eligible for relief and going to be released elsewhere, we will work our butts off to try to find them a lawyer wherever they are released to.","What would it look like for a kid without a lawyer, without this type of legal aid that you're describing?","I mean, you can only imagine. There's no way that any child would be able to navigate this system alone. You know, no child is going to be able to represent themselves in court. And, you know, we see that already with unrepresented children."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Representation in court is necessary for children's cases.","questions":"Which service does PersonA provide to every detained child in an ORR facility in South Florida?","answer":"Know-Your-Rights."}
{"text":["First was a story of tremendous heartbreak, tremendous disappointment of people who had, in many cases, been displaced for many years during the country's long civil war, who had returned home to South Sudan only to find a few years later that they were being displaced again. That feeling of being uprooted when they had expected to be settled once and for all back home was really palpable and really so tragic and heartbreaking to see.","But at the same time, I also saw a story of incredible resilience and strength, people who after having walked in many cases for days or weeks to arrive in Uganda were setting about constructing their own homes, beginning to plant the small fields that are allocated around their homes. It's just, I think, an incredible testament to the resilience of the South Sudanese people.","When we think of refugee crises, of course, we often envision refugee camps, but tell us about the plots of land that refugees receive in Uganda.","Well, unlike a lot of the refugee camps around the world, where where my organization, Oxfam, works, people in Uganda and the refugee settlement model they have are actually spread out in agricultural settlements, where they are granted in the case of Uganda plots of land 30 by 30 meters or 50 by 50 meters. And that's so they can plant some of the crops that they are accustomed to from home, things like corn, beans."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The Ugandan refugee settlement model provides refugees with an opportunity to live a self-sufficient life, with the ability to grow their own food and perhaps even build a livelihood.","questions":"Which model provides refugees with the ability to grow their own food?","answer":"Agricultural"}
{"text":["The president's reaction, they're happy with, I think. The alt-right - Lana actually - I asked her this specifically - I said, you know, what do you think about Donald Trump?And she said, let's be honest; he's not one of our guys. We've never thought that he was one of our guys.","But the more that he does not disavow the things that they believe in and either tacitly or directly supports them, the better.","Seyward Darby - her article \"The Rise Of The Valkyries\" is published in the September issue of Harper's Magazine. Thank you so much for speaking with us.","Thank you so much for having me."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A: \"Let's be honest; he's not one of our guys.\" - The implied meaning is that the alt-right movement doesn't truly support Donald Trump, despite being happy with his reaction.","questions":"What did Lana say about Donald Trump?","answer":"Support"}
{"text":["Yeah, that was easy. Planet Fitness was the best job actually because I could do my little squats behind the desk. There was always time to just like mess around and just do whatever.","But Uber seems like that would offer a lot of storytelling possibilities.","Oh, my gosh, it did.","Do you think we'll find some of that in your songs at some point?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Uber job was interesting and provided inspiration for songwriting","questions":"How did Uber influence PersonA's songwriting?","answer":"Inspiration"}
{"text":["Hi.","So you're about to get underway with your lunch rush. What are the workers telling you?What are the conversations you're hearing there at the bar?","Well, they're like counting down the days and saying what are they going to do. You know, some people have no plans. They don't know what they're going to do. Then other people say they're going to move away because this is a dying town, and it's really frightening.","And what does that mean for you?","Well, I just hope that we can make it through. I don't know. We don't know what is in store - you know, the future has for us because we've already - when they cut the shifts back, we've already lost a lot of our business from over there. Now, there's going to be nobody, and we just don't know where it's going to go from there."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The future of the town is uncertain and it is causing anxiety","questions":"Which emotion is described in turn 2?","answer":"Anxiety"}
{"text":["Well, they're very angry, obviously. I mean, in Argentina, they're already facing really very hard times. Inflation there is among the highest in the world. The economy is - you know, they've got this boom-and-bust economy that's right now in such a mess that the government very controversially decided to sign on to this huge $56 billion IMF bailout. There are strikes and protests over President Mauricio Macri's austerity program, regularly.","And right now, Steve, there's a very highly charged political environment - I mean, even more highly charged than usual - because presidential elections are coming up in October. Macri's fighting to keep his job in the face of a remarkable resurgence by the former president, Cristina Kirchner, who's running with her former cabinet chief, this time on a ticket to be vice president, despite a stack of corruption charges against her.","Plenty of debate to come on who can keep the lights on. Philip, thanks so much.","You're welcome.","NPR's Philip Reeves."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The political environment in Argentina is tense due to presidential elections and the resurgence of a former president with corruption charges.","questions":"What is the reason behind the tense political environment in Argentina?","answer":"Resurgence"}
{"text":["How does the government even know that they might have overpaid?","Well, they have records going back that say, you know, you were eligible for X amount per month. And then maybe somebody in the family went back to work and got more in the way of earnings than they would have had to be eligible for those benefits. And so there was this debt sitting there on the account over all these years. But in many of these cases, the government can't even say who exactly incurred the debt. It might have been a surviving spouse. It might have been surviving children. All they know is that the debt is on the books. And apparently their regulations allow them to go after almost anyone in the surviving family without regard to whether they were the ones who got the benefits in the first place.","And they have no recourse?","Well, there's an appeals process, and you can seek a waiver. The folks I've spoken to, for the most part, when they call or visit Social Security, they're told, yeah, you can go through the waiver process, but you're not likely to win. The Social Security Administration tells me that about 10 percent do win their case, but that's 90 percent who don't. And of that 90 percent, some of them, it's just, you know, a few hundred dollars maybe, and they figure it's not worth the battle. In other cases, it's some thousands of dollars, and they really need the money. But very few lawyers will touch these cases because they are relatively small amounts of money involved."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"win their case\" does not refer to a legal case but rather to the process of appealing and receiving a waiver for the debt owed to the Social Security Administration.","questions":"Which process does \"win their case\" refer to?","answer":"Appealing"}
{"text":["Well, I was abused by a priest when I was a child. And it caused me a great deal of difficulty with my life afterwards. I had a lot of problems with anxiety and depression.","How old were you when it happened?","I had just turned 13. I was in a children's hospital. And the priest who assaulted me was the Catholic chaplain of the hospital. And he also took indecent photographs, which had a lasting effect on me.","You were one of two sexual abuse survivors on the Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors. Yet you resigned March 1. Can you tell us why?","I did because I accepted the appointment to the commission in the hope that the church was really beginning to show, you know, a sincere wish to change. And after three years, I resigned on some specific issues. But, basically, it was the resistance from some quarters in the Vatican to actually change.","Does it surprise you that someone as high up as Cardinal Pell has been accused?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 5 :  \"as high up as Cardinal Pell\" - This phrase refers to Cardinal Pell's rank and influence within the Catholic Church, rather than his physical height.","questions":"What does the phrase \"as high up\" refer to in turn 5?","answer":"rank"}
{"text":["Thank you for having me.","You know, I've heard about this going on in Ithaca, New York, and the largest of these systems we're told is in Western Massachusetts. I believe they call it BerkShares there. They've circulated about $2 million in BerkShares in two years. So, how do you explain this idea of local currency to the average person?","Well, we talk about Equal Dollars as a community currency and bartering system that essentially serves as a companion to the U. S.  dollar. It's what maybe our ancestors did like seeds, gold, silver, copper, beads, cattle, diamonds, spices, things that people have used over the years and centuries to expand their current way of acquiring goods and services. It acts as a non-interest-bearing, spendable, transferable discount. And it\u2026","How does it work in terms of, you know, going to the store?Can I get on the bus with it?Can I catch a cab?Can I buy a refrigerator with it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B doesn't literally want to know whether they can do all those things. The \"I\" is meant to refer to anyone... can any person buy a fridge with this currency.","questions":"Which pronoun does PersonB use in turn 3 to ask about the possibility of buying a refrigerator with the currency?","answer":"I"}
{"text":["That's it. It's a very interesting technology. It shoots this - 125,000 laser pulses a second down at the rainforest canopy. Now - and then it measures the reflections. Now, 99 percent of what's reflected comes off leaves. But here and there, there are tiny gaps in the canopy where a laser beam can reach the ground, bounce off and go back up to the plane. And then with massive software processing, they're able to remove all the reflections from leaves, leaving only the ground.","And it's just incredible to see these scientists at work. I mean, you see this impenetrable rainforest canopy. And then with a press of a button, it disappears and you see everything on the ground. It's absolutely amazing.","Well, it's a little more complicated than that. They have to then process the signals that they receive back from the ground. As you say, most of them come back from leaves. And I think, what, they handed you the disc and you flew it out and gave it to the computer guy.","Well, that's right. And in fact, it is very complicated. The LIDAR machine has inside it a highly classified thing called an IMU, an Inertial Measurement Unit that was developed for the military for use in guided missiles. And in order to get an export permit for the plane, the State Department required that the plane be guarded by armed soldiers at all times when it was on the ground because this is a very highly classified piece of equipment. Because it's important to locate the plane in the air in three dimensions as it's flying to within an accuracy of about a centimeter. I mean, that's incredible."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The LIDAR machine is a highly classified technology.","questions":"How is the LIDAR machine classified?","answer":"Classified"}
{"text":["Yes, I do think they are well-matched traveling companions. In that both of them bend but nobody really breaks. And so, even though Jack is certainly the student, and she is the mentor, there are times when Jack has the upper hand and he has the better humor. And that, almost off-camera, he can make an aside to the reader. You know, like, she's getting a little bit ditzy right now, so hang on to your hat.","We're - to use one of your phrases, were you a fringy kid?","Yes, I was definitely a fringy kid. I moved a lot as a kid, I went to 10 schools in 12 grades. And so, I was one of those kids that was a permanent wallflower, you know, I'd go I'd hang back and I would observe, and I would sort of be on the fringe. But then I realized that I liked the fringe because the fringe gave me the flexibility to appear or disappear, which I found to be very helpful.","And painful or, at least, vexing as it can be to be a fringy kid. With the advantage of hindsight, is it part of what made you a writer?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) A: \"I was definitely a fringy kid... But then I realized that I liked the fringe because the fringe gave me the flexibility to appear or disappear, which I found to be very helpful.\"  The literal meaning of \"fringy\" would suggest that the speaker was wearing a fringe, or was on the edge of something. However, in this context, \"fringy\" is being used figuratively to mean that the speaker felt like an outsider or a misfit. The implied meaning is that the speaker found comfort in being on the outskirts of social circles and having the ability to control her level of participation.","questions":"What is the figurative meaning of \"fringy\" in this context?","answer":"Outsider"}
{"text":["The MIT Media Lab has been under fire for the past several weeks for its financial links to deceased sex offender Jeffrey Epstein. The lab's director, Joi Ito, initially said he had accepted $525,000 and more for his own private tech investment funds from Epstein, and he apologized. Now The New Yorker has detailed the lengths to which the MIT lab went to conceal its acceptance of millions of dollars more in gifts arranged by Epstein. Today, Ito formally resigned, writing, quote, \"after giving the matter a great deal of thought over the past several days and weeks, I think that it is best that I resign as director of the media lab and as a professor and employee of the institute, effective immediately\" - unquote. Joining us to talk about this is NPR media correspondent David Folkenflik from New York.","David, welcome back. Thanks for joining us.","My pleasure.","Could you just walk us through the scale of this?How far did MIT go to conceal their ties with Jeffrey Epstein?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : joining us implies being a part or a participant ","questions":"What was David's role in the conversation?","answer":"Participant"}
{"text":["Yeah.","That's unbelievable and 27 of them three-pointers.","Yeah.","That's fantastic. As you looked around, though, people might say, don't your teammates get a little jealous?Might they want to take a shot every once in a while?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Take a shot means have a try in this context, not actually shoot someone","questions":"How might someone interpret the phrase \"take a shot\" in this context?","answer":"Interpret"}
{"text":["Why is there - at least I can't come up with somebody who is quite like Mary McGrory, male or female, that's a columnist now. Or am I wrong?","You know, I think that the one thing that really stood out to me the most about Mary - and it literally got mentioned in every single interview I conducted for the book - was that she went out and did her legwork, that she went out there every day and talked to people and didn't just write a column from the comfy confines of her office.","Yeah, she wasn't just a pundit.","She wasn't just a pundit. Into her 80s, she was out there covering presidential primaries, having friends and family hurtle her over snow banks in Manchester. And I think that really distinguished her writing and her as a personality."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) - \"She wasn't just a pundit\" - This means that Mary McGrory was more than just a commentator - she was a journalist who actively went out and did research and interviews to back up her work.","questions":"How did Mary McGrory distinguish herself as a writer?","answer":"Research"}
{"text":["I learned it from you, actually. yeah.","So if you're listening - donate blood, donate plasma, and you can save someone's life by being a live liver donor.","And as is written in both - I'm sorry (laughter) - oh, as it's written in both the Quran and the Talmud, he who saves one life. . .","It's as if you save humankind. So Shawn and his family have saved my daughter's life. My life belongs to them."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The father is extremely grateful to the donor and the donor's family.","questions":"Which family?","answer":"Shawn's"}
{"text":["Some of my friends and family still are able to work. However, my best friend - her DACA expires in mid-summer. So it's very important for me and for us as a community for legislation to pass.","Ciriac, I'm curious - do you regret having come forward and actually voluntarily given your information to the government when they started this program?","No, I think personally because I've been able to move forward with my life from going to college, graduating college, doing internships and now having a full-time job and having a car. I can't really regret having come out of the shadows and saying I want to do things right. This is who I am. I think it's given me a certain level of pride to say I was able to come out of the shadows, do all of these things. And I am, you know, part of your community. I am American. I am and always a Utahn. And so I can't regret coming out of the shadows if I was able to do so much and continue to move forward with my life.","Ciriac Alvarez Valle - she's a DACA recipient in Utah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B implies that coming forward and giving information to the government was risky or dangerous","questions":"Which program did Ciriac participate in?","answer":"DACA"}
{"text":["How did she describe it?","It happened to be a beautiful day when she posted this picture, but you see rubble side by side with, you know, people doing their shopping, people just going about their business, school kids returning to school. It's surreal.","So there's the physical scars of this conflict, but what about the other one that you mentioned, which is justice?Will there be justice for anyone who committed atrocities?There's so much evidence of the chemical attacks, the murders, the torture, the disappearances. What happens to that?","There are some bright spots of hope - the fact that we saw - that we're starting to see indictments in European courts. You know, interestingly enough, a lot of people who were perpetrators of some of the worst crimes inside Syria, whether they did it in the name of the regime or in the name of an opposition, have found themselves in Europe and, therefore, sort of subject to European justice because other Syrians have recognized them. Other Syrians have identified them. And there might be hopes that there can be an accountability in that sense.","But I think inside Syria, you know, the actual architects of most of this - of this incredible disaster still remain at large. And not only at large or in power, but about to potentially be incredibly enriched by the reconstruction that, in theory, is coming to Syria.","So what do you think the road ahead looks like for Syria?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : They did not actually build something physical, they created the situation of the disaster.","questions":"What did the architects of the disaster do?","answer":"architects"}
{"text":["Iceberg in particular has managed to transcend these unfairly feminine connotations that salad-eating has taken on.","So as you reconsider iceberg's place in the fabric of our society and on your table, Rosner urges you to think even beyond the delicious wedge salad. She suggests stir-frying your lettuce, pickling it or blending it into a cold soup. And even if lettuce experimentation isn't for you, you can still try to let go of your leafy, green pretensions. Not everything has to be arugula.","Enjoy the crunch for what it is. I think even people who are sneering down their noses at iceberg lettuce love it when it's on top of a burger, when it's shredded really finely on a sandwich. There are contexts in which we know that iceberg is the perfect lettuce.","Lettuce doesn't have to be a wedge issue. Helen Rosner is a food writer for The New Yorker."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Fabric of society is actually just the way the society is made up of different personalities and choices.","questions":"What has Helen Rosner suggested for experimenting with lettuce?","answer":"pickling"}
{"text":["The videos of the embryos. He does sort of time lapse of human development, and it was really fascinating to watch, going from this sort of little hard to, you know, nondescript ball to what you would recognize. . .","As an embryo.",". . . as an embryo or a fetus.","This is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR. I'm Ira Flatow talking with Flora Lichtman about our Video Pick of the Week, and it's a - videos of embryos, all different kinds of embryos. So you got the film, the footage. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : This is an idiomatic expression that refers to a selected video for the week, rather than a literal pick of a video.","questions":"Which expression refers to a selected video for the week?","answer":"Race,Economics,Criminal,Justice,Cities"}
{"text":["And why do you choose to move to this country and live in Los Angeles and try to make it here when you're, I guess, a big star back in South Africa?","Because you have to grow. It's fun, you know?And I think America was a great choice because we have such a great shared history in terms of South Africa's past and America's past. You know, we both have a history of slavery. We both have a history of black people fighting for their freedom and independence. And then you both - we both have the very sensitive change now in terms of - people have this like it's - in both countries, you see this subtle racism and, you know, they're struggling to deal with raise and people don't know how to deal with it.","I mean, I've seen out here, people don't even want to say the word black. I don't know when black became negative, but now people go, oh, you shouldn't say black. Yeah, we - you say urban, yeah. Baltimore is going to be real urban, Trevor. That's what people tell me.","And I got to Baltimore, and I was expecting, because urban means built up and new, you know. So I got there and I was, whoa, it's not as urban as people told me, you know, and like - but it's very black. I'll tell you that much. So it's interesting to see, you know?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : big star implies being very popular  well known  or famous and not talking about the star in the sky ","questions":"How would you describe the star in South Africa?","answer":"Popular"}
{"text":["And that polio virus is thought to be non-zoonotic. It's thought to be a virus that only affects humans, but it's capable of passing from humans into chimps. So it seems to have made those chimps sick and killed some of them.","Likewise, the mountain gorillas of Rwanda and Uganda, when people visit those on - ecotourist adventures, they're not allowed to come closer than within about 15 feet. The gorillas are habituated. They're perfectly happy to have people nearby.","But the people who manage those gorilla populations are concerned that diseases, human diseases, will spill over into the mountain gorillas, which are an endangered subspecies and have a relatively small gene pool. So, yes, we have to be careful that we don't give diseases to wildlife also, especially wildlife that's closely related to us and that's endangered.","It seemed like many of the viruses you talk about in this book spilled over from bats, and I don't think of them as close relations to us particularly. But do we have. . ."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The mountain gorillas are habituated to humans and tourists, but human diseases could harm them.","questions":"How could human diseases affect the mountain gorillas?","answer":"Harm"}
{"text":["Yes, the mother of Norway. Yeah, that was - she was scheduled to be at this camp basically from breakfast through dinner. And there was a photographer, a newspaper photographer named Sara Johannessen who had been sent to document this, to hang out with Gro for the day. Breivik had planned to kidnap her. Expecting her to be there all day, he had planned to kidnap her and videotape himself beheading her. Now - he says this now. Whether or not that's true, it's - who can really say. But Gro was supposed to be there.","The only reason she wasn't is it was a terribly, terribly rainy day. The island was muddy and sloppy, and she decided to leave early. And Sara, who had been shooting some landscapes - I mean, it's beautiful, beautiful country there - Sara almost missed it. She didn't know that Gro was leaving. And she had to sprint down the hill to catch the ferry, which turned out to be the last ferry off the island that day. And then Sara got back. When she left Utoya, she drove back to Oslo and was parking her car when the bomb went off a block away.","And she immediately went to work from a light feature on the former prime minister to documenting one of the worst incidents in Norwegian history.","Exactly. I mean, she just sprinted right towards - she sprinted towards the blast and just - yeah."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"she just sprinted right towards the blast\" - the literal meaning is to run quickly towards an explosion. The actual meaning is that the photographer immediately went to work covering the aftermath of the explosion.","questions":"How did the photographer respond to the explosion?","answer":"Covering"}
{"text":["Well, here's my question for you as a photographer. When you have a person who is as photographed as Barack Obama has been and for God's sake is going to be for the next four years, how do you find a shot that separates you from the rest of the crowd of photographers when he is your subject and target?","Well, certainly, that is an exceedingly difficult thing to do. But you try and capture, you know, the moment because he is a man that connects with the crowd and with the message that he has. So you're looking for that little twinkle in his eye or that little different look that he may have.","But frankly, Tony, a lot of my work was gauging the crowd as they were entranced with the day, and it was such a wonderful group - such a wonderful experience for ua all to be there. And I tried to capture some of this on film because there were black people, there were white people, there were Asian people, there were brown people there. And I have never been in a mob like today, just in terms of the density of the crowd. But everyone was so cool. And when they announced that - when they introduced the then-president-elect and he came - I mean, it was a roar, and you try and capture some of that on film.","Now, I have about 20 seconds for you to answer this. When he actually put his hand on the Bible and said - and accepted the oath, were your cameras trained on the crowd at that moment and did you get a shot?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Finding a unique shot of Barack Obama is challenging but possible.","questions":"How is the task of capturing Barack Obama's message and connection with the crowd reflected in the photographer's work?","answer":"moment"}
{"text":["Great to be here.","And a little background: It's been almost 20 years since the end of Guatemala's so-called Dirty War. General Rios Montt is now 86 years old. Some might wonder if justice delayed is justice denied.","Well, this obviously has been a really long time in coming for the victims of the crimes in Guatemala, and for their country, as well. I think the victims who had an opportunity to testify in the trial proceedings would say that justice ultimately was not denied, as a result of this really historic outcome, that I don't think anybody expected to happen.","Why?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : a long time coming means something has been meaning to happen but hasn't happened until recently","questions":"Which outcome was unexpected?","answer":"Outcome"}
{"text":["Lastly, Mara, I have to ask you because it just seems that, week after week, tensions between this administration and the press grows more hostile. You're in that White House briefing room day in and day out. How would you describe the atmosphere?","The atmosphere is tense and contentious, but it always has been between the White House press corps and the press secretary. I think that the Trump administration has taken this to a new level. You have a president who considers the media a foil, calls the mainstream press the enemy of the people, fake news, dishonest, disgusting, horrible people. So part of his political strategy is to demonize reporters and the media. So, of course, that's going to show up in the briefing room.","That's NPR's national political correspondent, Mara Liasson. Thank you, as always.","Thank you, Lulu."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The atmosphere is how people are feeling toward one another and treating one another.","questions":"How would you describe the atmosphere in the White House briefing room?","answer":"Tense"}
{"text":["You've been working, as we mentioned, on the Voyager mission since its genesis. What has kept you with this program all that time?","Voyager - well, Voyager is science. Science is about discovering things, about understanding what's around - what our neighborhood is like, what the universe is like. So as a scientist, this has been a wonderful journey because, especially during the encounters with the giant planets, every day there were a flood of discoveries. Next day - more discoveries. So as a scientist, this has been an incredibly wonderful mission to have been on. And even today at great distances, Voyager is still doing things no spacecraft has done before and still presenting us with puzzles that we are trying to sort through.","They are still on a voyage. Where are they now?","Well, this was a mission - we had a four-year mission to Jupiter and Saturn. We had two spacecrafts so that we would have a high probability of at least one succeeding on its four-year journey to Saturn and, of course, both have succeeded and exceeded by a great amount."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"They are still on a voyage.\" - actual meaning: Voyager spacecrafts are still traveling through space, exploring and sending back data.","questions":"How are the Voyager spacecrafts still operating?","answer":"Space"}
{"text":["What about the government ordering banks to rewrite some of these loans, or mandating them, I should say, or even buying back these loans?","Well, mandating is tough. I mean, we do live in a country where contracts are held firm and the government can't essentially say, we want you to void these contracts. I mean, the government could give some relief from a legal perspective that would allow people to modify more easily. Some people have argued what you say, that, you know, the best way to do this is to have the government acquire these loans and then it could do - it can make any changes it wants with a much freer hand than sort of doing this from a bully pulpit or from a sort of a threatening posture.","And Vikas, what about all the people who have already lost their homes and have nothing. Is there anything for them?Can they get any money back?","Yeah, certainly that's painful. I'm not sure that anybody is really talking about that right now. I mean, in the settlement at the states, there were countrywide - there were some - and there was a provision that countrywide would help these people find, at least in that case, rental housing. It's unclear whether they will be more - sort of done broadly for those people. I think the best thing that could be done is to alleviate the economic problems in the country so that the people will be able to, you know, not to lose their jobs or find new jobs, if they have already lost their job."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The government could acquire loans and make changes more easily.","questions":"How could the government modify loans more easily?","answer":"Acquire"}
{"text":["Yeah. I think a big local newspaper, you know, was kind of like the big local sports team. There's always been hostility toward the big, local paper but I think there was a certain amount of pride in it. And this is our paper. We are a big-time city. I think the Herald spoke more for the community and reflected the community better than any other institution down here could. And now there is no institution to replace that, unless, you know, you talk about sports team or something like that. And I think that's true of many, many cities now.","We talk so much about newspapers. Is journalism going to survive?Has that become DIY?Is this an opportunity for novelists to step in?","You know, novelists have been trying to step in for hundreds of years. And I think the same forces that are sort of working against newspapers probably are also working, to some extent, against books. I just, I don't know. It just feels like everything happens so fast now and everybody, you know, goes on to the next subject so quickly now. Books seem a little archaic, except as entertainment and, you know, as an escape from policy and that sort of thing.","Dave Barry. His new novel, \"Insane City. \"Speaking with us, of course, from Miami. Dave, thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In turn (3), the speaker implies that the same forces that are affecting newspapers are also affecting books, and that books may be perceived as archaic except as a form of entertainment.","questions":"How does the speaker describe books in turn 2?","answer":"Entertainment"}
{"text":["So I think that the Barack Obama, of course, then has a political legitimacy that neither of those gentlemen had because he's a United States senator elected to represent a district and serve a quarter of people. And yet, he's a charismatic figure as well, creating a sense of movement among the millions who now acclaim him as the best thing that happened to American politics since Jack Kennedy.","So Barack Obama has claimed the unique space within the context of American political destiny and has joined the charismatic authority that attends black messianic figures who become leaders in black America, as well as the quest for political legitimacy that transcends black communities. Because he's not just representing black people; he's representing white people and Latino people, and Asian people. He's representing Americans. And so he's taking it to yet another level in pioneering an even different path than the one blazed by Martin Luther King Jr.  or Jessie Jackson and, to a certain degree, Al Sharpton.","Well, Michael Eric Dyson, thank you.","Thank you very kindly, Farai."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Well, Michael Eric Dyson, thank you.\" - This turn has no implied meaning beyond its literal meaning of thanking Michael Eric Dyson.","questions":"Which person does PersonB thank in turn 2?","answer":"Michael"}
{"text":["Maybe in part but certainly not for all of it. I mean, look. You can see how investor might be inspired by the Trump administration, right?He is seen as business-friendly, as is the Republican Congress. They're talking about cutting corporate taxes. They're talking about cutting regulations. So that might make investors more bullish.","But you have so many other factors that weigh on the markets. For example, low interest rates. That might be sending stocks higher. Job creation is steady, like we were saying. And the global economy is doing OK.  And one other thing to emphasize here, Donald Trump does have a lot of economic policies he wants to pass. You know, he's talked about infrastructure. They've talked about overhauling the tax code. Those things haven't happened yet.","Who seems to benefit from the stock market climb right now?","Definitely rich people, I mean, is the short answer. You know, according to data from 2013 - and I find this astounding - the top 10 percent of households in terms of wealth owned 80 percent of the stocks in America. That's a huge discrepancy. And still others, you know, are invested via retirement accounts. So you have some of the middle class that is benefiting, but you have all of those other people that own no stock. They might see some indirect effects."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) Who seems to benefit from the stock market climb right now? - Implied meaning: Who is most likely to benefit from the current rise in stock prices?","questions":"Which group of people owns 80% of the stocks in America according to data from 2013?","answer":"rich"}
{"text":["For people who can't see it, can you describe what things look like right now and some - the actions the Corps is taking on a daily basis to address it?","You know, sometimes it is hard to describe. You know, you're driving down roads that were normally - there might be 50 or a hundred yards to the river. Suddenly, the river is, you know, 10 or 15 yards from where your car is or, you know, where you typically are running for physical training is now underwater.","And in terms of the levees themselves, when you walk the levees, you know, typically, where the water might be 20, 25 feet away from the top of the levee, maybe now it's within five or six feet. So when you see what, you know, a couple hundred thousand cubic feet per second of water looks like rolling down the Arkansas River and it's within feet of the bridges, whether they're pedestrian or vehicular, you know, sometime there used to be 20 feet of clearance, it's pretty awe-inspiring.","What are you doing to shore up the levees themselves?And are you inviting residents to help?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The scale of the flooding is massive and poses a serious threat to infrastructure and public safety.","questions":"Which word describes the threat posed by the flooding?","answer":"Serious"}
{"text":["Glad to be here, Michel.","So you said that Thomas Jefferson was the first to hold July 4 celebrations at the White House in 1881 because he was the first to live in the White House during the Fourth of July. What did he do?","Well, Jefferson just had a little reception for some citizens and some officials. And they had some punch and some cakes, and they had some Italian musicians in to play some music. And this sort of set the trend for future presidents where they had receptions during July 4, something very low-key. And, in 1841, John Tyler had a dinner on that day, and he had turtle soup with - made from a 300-pound turtle they brought in from Key West, Fla.  And then, that night, they walked across the street to Lafayette Square, and they watched the fireworks, which has been part of the July 4 celebration from the very beginning.","So it seems as though the previous presidents had pretty low-key celebrations. This turtle soup was kind of fancy. But the letter from House Democratic leaders state that the Fourth of July celebrations have always been, quote, \"nonpartisan and apolitical. \"Is that true?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : July 4 celebrations were not always low-key and small, and turtle soup was not the only fancy dish served during the celebration.","questions":"What kind of dish did John Tyler have during his July 4 celebration?","answer":"soup"}
{"text":["Why they're talking about it is because they feel they have to talk about it. The government of Bangladesh wants the bulk of these people to return. They also would be feeling some domestic pressures in this area, as well. And the government of Burma, I think, is feeling some of the pressure from the international community and feels some need to be responsive. But the real story here is this is horrifying, this discussion, to be taking place right now, given the complete absence of measures in place to ensure safety and security upon return.","As I understand it, the Rohingya, according to this agreement, will be moved from the camps in Bangladesh to a camp in Myanmar where there could be security concerns.","Oh yeah, there are no safeguards in place. There - been no serious discussion of safeguards for return. You have to realize that we're talking about one of the greatest crimes in recent memory - massive abuses, forced relocation of hundreds of thousands of people in a matter of weeks.","There's problems, obviously, with monitoring the situation. The government won't let - of Myanmar - won't let international monitors in. And, in fact, the top U. N.  official responsible for human rights was barred from the country. Is that right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The government of Bangladesh and Burma are under pressure to repatriate the Rohingya, but there are no measures in place to ensure their safety upon return.","questions":"Which community is being repatriated despite the absence of measures to ensure their safety?","answer":"Rohingya"}
{"text":["And it was remarkable to find these little details that people had. Oh, yes, when he was in college, you know, he belonged to this - some society. I'm forgetting the name right now. But the idea of it was to perfect one's dancing and etiquette. And the next door neighbor said he was always very interested in, you know, in correct speech and in, sort of, you know, elegantly holding himself out and that this was something that just went back, back, back, back, back.","Alan Feuer tells Alan Feuer's story in two articles in The New York Times, the most recent, \"The Secret Life of a Society Maven. \"You could find a link to that on our website. Go to npr. org, click on TALK OF THE NATION. And, Alan Feuer, thank you so much for sharing your story.","Oh, my pleasure.","Alan Feuer is a reporter for The New York Times. Tomorrow, after a gun battle outside the prime minister's house in Tripoli, we'll talk about progress and pitfalls and the ripples of revolution in Libya. Join for us that. It's the TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News. I'm Neal Conan in Washington."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"perfect one's dancing and etiquette\" - The phrase \"perfect one's dancing and etiquette\" does not mean that one should aim to become absolutely flawless in their dancing and manners. It means to improve or refine one's skills in these areas.","questions":"Which skills?","answer":"Dancing"}
{"text":["Well, as you say, an assistive technology, other robotics to make people able to be more on their own. But I imagine that somewhere down the line, you'd like to be able to rejuvenate the arm itself, would you not?","Yeah, exactly. I think for people with locked-in syndrome, such as the two participants in the study - that is, no functional movement of their limbs and unable to speak - a comparatively simpler goal and one that we've published some work on over the past few years would be the simple control of a computer cursor on a screen.","And if one could provide point-and-click control over a cursor 24 hours a day, seven days a week, that would certainly be a useful assistive technology for somebody with severely limited communication.","But just as you said, for somebody with paralysis, somebody who's unable to move their arms and their legs, the real dream for the research is to one day reconnect brain to limb, to take those signals out of the brain, to root them back down to the peripheral nerves in the arm, to stimulate those nerves and to have somebody use their own arm and hand to pick up that coffee again."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  Providing 24\/7 control of a computer cursor on a screen would greatly improve the quality of life for people with limited communication abilities.","questions":"What would be a useful assistive technology for someone with severely limited communication abilities?","answer":"Cursor"}
{"text":["I want to talk a little bit about the words that are used to describe wine. You know, normally we hear things like dry, oaky, buttery - I kind of understand what those mean. But sommeliers have a much more creative way of describing tasting notes that you might not hear in a restaurant.","Well, you get everything from the more straightforward fruits and vegetables. So it could be pomegranate, raspberry, blackberry, apple, pear, lemon. They can also range to the far more imaginative. There were times where I was sitting in a tasting group and I thought that I was hearing someone read from a Wiccan book of love spells.","(Laughter).","Burnt hair, desiccated strawberry, armpit, you know (laughter)."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"There were times where I was sitting in a tasting group and I thought that I was hearing someone read from a Wiccan book of love spells.\" This turn implies that the person was hearing very unusual and creative descriptions of wine tasting notes that sounded like they came from a mystical or supernatural source, rather than a straightforward and literal description of the wine.","questions":"Which book did the wine tasting notes sound like they came from?","answer":"Wiccan"}
{"text":["Do you think the royal family can really survive in a time when we have other kinds of celebrities that cost the taxpayer nothing?I mean, clearly, a lot of hopes are being placed on not only Meghan Markle and Prince Harry but the other younger royals like Prince William.","I very, very sincerely believe that Britain couldn't do without them. There's such a deep attachment. They're sort of the very, like, emblem of history, of continuity. Unlike America, there's been almost a kind of - a certain kind of disregard for history. Britain has always fallen back on the past. It's always needed the past. So they're - I think that they will find a way for the royal family to continue to carry on that symbolism, at least.","I must ask you - are you attending the wedding?","I'm not."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The royal family represents the past and continuity in Britain, and is essential for the country's sense of identity. Score: 5","questions":"What does the royal family symbolize in Britain?","answer":"Continuity"}
{"text":["Yeah. I mean, I don't think they're damaging at all. I think Putin can be quite happy with these results. He had a real problem two years ago after the intervention in Ukraine. Western powers were ignoring and isolating Russia. Obama called the country a regional power. And today, Putin is deciding war and peace in Syria. And, you know, he's being attributed with powers of influencing a U. S.  election. So, in some ways, it makes Russia seem much bigger than it really is.","One thing to keep in mind is that Russians have been told, for some time, that they're at war with the West, not really a shooting war but an information war, sort of a struggle for influence. So there's a widespread perception here that Russia is, itself, the victim of a Western conspiracy. So I think you can say, from the Kremlin's perspective, Russia's just giving the West a taste of its own medicine. More broadly speaking, I think this report really doesn't matter very much here in Moscow. People here are waiting for the inauguration of Donald Trump and nothing else really matters.","NPR's Moscow correspondent Lucian Kim, thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : that Russia views itself as a victim of a Western conspiracy and is retaliating with its own tactics.","questions":"What perception does Russia have of itself in the context of the information war with the West?","answer":"Victim"}
{"text":["So you were recently in Michigan speaking to autoworkers. The Detroit News quoted you as saying that the labor section in the agreement is actually better than NAFTA, but it still needs improvement. So can you just give me one or two ideas of what more needs to be done in your view?","Well, as it currently stands, the agreement can't be enforced. And there are three levels that it must be enforced at. One, Mexico has to show us not only that it can pass laws but that it has the wherewithal, the infrastructure and the resources to be able to implement those laws and give workers a chance to better their wages and working conditions because if they don't do that, no matter what the agreement says, it's - it won't matter. It won't change workers' lives in this country.","The second part is, the agreement's enforcement provisions need to be dramatically strengthened. The International Trade Commission's report recently confirmed what we already knew - that without a way to hold all three countries accessible, this deal isn't worth the paper it's written on. And under this agreement, any party can block a panel. A panel is the arbitrator that decides the dispute, the trade dispute. And if you can't ever get it decided by a third party, you can never actually implement it.","And then the third level of enforcement is that workers need to be able to enforce this trade agreement to make it better so that it works for us so that if somebody violates the agreement in Mexico or Canada, we should be able to stop their products at the border."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to give an idea means to tell them their opinion, or what is happening","questions":"How many levels are there for enforcing the agreement according to A?","answer":"three"}
{"text":["Explain to me why that's a problem. I think defenders of the president would say Jared Kushner has a direct line of communication to the president of the United States, who will actually listen to him.","And that's OK. But that means that Jared Kushner, if he is going to play that role, should at least be informing the president by informing himself, by learning about the issues, by studying the issues, by doing the homework.","What was the personal calculation for you coming out publicly and speaking out about why you resigned as ambassador?Other foreign service officers have not chosen the same route. They have sort of quietly left.","That's correct. And that was my intention. There was an official at the Department of State who read my private letter of resignation to the president. And we know that this happened because it was published by Reuters. And it was there that I wrote to the president that when I was a junior officer, I had signed an oath to completely and fully implement foreign policy, even policies with which I might have disagreed. And then my instructors made clear to me that if there ever came a time when I could no longer do that, I would be honor bound to resign. And that time has come."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : He can talk to the president directly with no in between people.","questions":"Which person has direct access to the president?","answer":"JaredKushner"}
{"text":["She says, look, we've got to do something some investment on sort of global warming issues, energy, independence issues. Let's use the recession to start creating a green economy.","Now, when you look at someone who is no longer in the race, John Edwards, he was often portrayed by supporters and portrayed himself as someone who was going to make ending poverty the center of his campaign. How would his approach have differed from both Senators Obama and Clinton?","Well, actually it turns out at the end of the day, the Edwards approach is fairly similar to sort of a combination of the Clinton and Obama proposals, and that's not surprising. Because John Edwards was the person who came out with a plan first - I thought it was the best plan - and the other candidates fit in in a lot of issues, actually copied John Edwards. In fact, John Edwards was - has truly been a forcing figure during this election, compelling Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton, both, to be more progressive than they might otherwise have been.","Well, let's talk a little bit about political philosophy. We've talked a bit about trickle-down economics, but then there's also the model of the government getting directly involved. Certainly ending the great depression by creating jobs itself - everything from jobs for writers and artists to road building, infrastructure. That does not seem to be a model that's been followed, certainly not to that extent - in decades. Is that even on the table, the whole prospect of the government actually stepping in and doing job creation itself?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Certainly ending the great depression by creating jobs itself - everything from jobs for writers and artists to road building, infrastructure.\" - The literal meaning is that the government could create jobs for a range of professions and industries, including writers, artists, and infrastructure. The actual meaning is that the government could play a direct role in job creation to address economic issues, rather than relying on trickle-down economics.","questions":"What range of professions and industries could the government create jobs for to address economic issues?","answer":"Range"}
{"text":["Yeah, bubbly jock. And an owl is a hoolet. And that, again, is based on the sound that it makes. And - but my favorite is a wood pigeon, is a cushie-doo.","That is an absolutely dead-on approximation of its sound.","Isn't it lovely?So a frog is a puddock and sparrow is a speug. So I've never used speug in a sentence, but when I was a boy, we used puddock. So I don't go around trying to convince everybody that my culture's better than theirs, but sometimes it suits my face better. It sits nicely in my mouth.","And explaining your culture, it goes with the way you do your material. You don't tell jokes, per se."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Comparing animals names to the sound they make","questions":"Which animal name did PersonA mention that is a cushie-doo?","answer":"Cushie-doo"}
{"text":["Well, so certainly President-elect Trump has issued a few statements on cybersecurity, including a campaign platform. Those are pretty thin on details. And some of his statements - it's been difficult to understand whether or not he - how literally to take those particular recommendations. Of his national security hires that have been announced at this point, none are known for having particularly strong cybersecurity backgrounds. So as we see more and more people coming into the administration, we might be able to start getting a sense of what exactly this administration's cybersecurity policy might look like.","Surely when you become the administration, you have a vested interest in national cybersecurity that maybe you lacked before, don't you?","Absolutely. I think while many of his statements during the campaign did not necessarily evince well-developed policy thoughts - he's going to have to come up with more specific ideas. One thing that Donald Trump might run up against is the existence of current laws. So, for example, he's indicated a number of times that he intends to transfer a lot of the cybersecurity mission to the Department of Defense to come up with a plan for defending critical infrastructure. And there are potentially rather serious consequences to sort of the militarization of civilian cyber defense. I think that they might find themselves coming up against an existing framework that doesn't necessarily square with the broad instinct towards wanting to turn towards the military to solve this problem.","I thought the Obama administration was pretty clear in saying, after they asserted that Russian attempts to meddle in the elections had been ongoing, that the United States was going to reply in kind. Can we assume those efforts are going on now?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : sking if the Trump administration has an interest in national cybersecurity that it didn't have before","questions":"What is the main concern regarding the Trump administration's cybersecurity policy?","answer":"Interest"}
{"text":[". . . Strong title. What do you mean by that?","I think it was meant as sort of a nonpartisan way of talking about what's gone on in the confirmation process on Capitol Hill and how both sides have tried to put their thumbs on the scale and try and steer these judicial nominations in the direction they wanted. And so there is bias on it, and it's been bias on both sides, honestly. I know people don't like to talk about both sider-ism these days, but, you know, both parties have had a lot to do with how mucked up the process has gotten.","All right. Well, we'll get to that. But let's start with where you start in the book, where you talk about the importance of a decision that the majority leader Mitch McConnell made - Republican leader - made in February of 2016. What was the decision?","I think this was one of the most consequential decisions in American history, really, as it turned out. We didn't know it that night. But Mitch McConnell is on a - the Senate majority leader is on a vacation in the Caribbean. The news comes out that Justice Antonin Scalia had died. And Mr.  McConnell that evening decided that President Obama, with 11 months left in his term, would not get an appointment to the Supreme Court."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Both parties have contributed to the biased confirmation process.","questions":"Which process has been biased?","answer":"Confirmation"}
{"text":["Yeah. To learn street - Glasgow street language.","They must have - well, a few particular words must have stuck to their vocabulary.","They spring to mind immediately, don't they?","Our guest is Billy Connolly. You're listening to TALK OF THE NATION, from NPR News. And there is a lot of material, it would seem to me, that would go over better in Scotland than it would here. How do you have to change to adapt to audiences?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Adapting to different audiences requires changing language and material used.","questions":"What requires changing when adapting to different audiences?","answer":"Language"}
{"text":["What's this program, Becoming a Man, meant to you and other students and your friends?","It means a lot. It gives you insight of how to be a man and take care of your business and have integrity, visionary goal-setting and respect for one another. It helps you be more aware of who you are and what you could do with your life.","Tell us a bit about your life, could you, and your family.","I'm the youngest of six, which is hard to be sometimes, because you get bossed around by everybody in the house. Come from a single-parent home - my mom. Dad was never around. I have sickle cell anemia, so I persevered over that. We had good times and bad times, you know, just like any other family. But we're very close."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It gives you insight of how to be a man and take care of your business and have integrity, visionary goal-setting and respect for one another.","questions":"How does the program Becoming a Man help individuals become better men?","answer":"Insight"}
{"text":["You know, it's a tremendous feeling. You really feel like you have a view from the shoulders of generations. You know, I'm a fifth-generation member of the association, and we've been working for this moment implicitly since our founding and really explicitly since 1960. You know, just generations of activists registering people to vote. You know, suing local governments to make sure that blacks could run for various offices.","But you know, work has been done by generations with discipline to get us to a point where finally, 230 years after - 232 years after the founding of this republic, we have a multi-racial, multi-gender race. And it's incredible.","Let's go back to some of the practical issues because it strikes me that one of the people who certainly knows so much about politics, Donna Brazile, mentioned something about what can go wrong with the vote. In the year 2000, her sister encountered problems. She was asked by authorities to provide multiple forms of ID on her way to vote. And she called up Donna, and Donna, of course, was like, well, that's not the way things are supposed to work.","Right."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It is being implied that her sister was not treated according to law.","questions":"What did Donna Brazile's sister have to provide when she was asked to vote in the year 2000?","answer":"Multiple"}
{"text":["Yes. Tsar Nicholas tried to seek asylum in Britain. And the British parliament actually was about to grant him asylum, but the king, King George V, vetoed it. And what's interesting is King George V happened to be Nicholas' first cousin. So, as the saying goes, with relatives like that, who needs enemies?","Why did he do that?Do you know?","He was afraid that it would cause a revolution in England as well. So, he said better stay away.","Now, then, of course, we have Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos. Most of us remember Imelda Marcos for her shoe collection. But I gather that before they left the Philippines, they gathered up a few more things."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker's literal meaning is that King George V vetoed Tsar Nicholas' asylum request because he was afraid it would cause a revolution in England. The implicated meaning could be that family loyalty can sometimes be compromised by political considerations, and that monarchs might prioritize the interests of their country over those of their own relatives.","questions":"What was the reason for King George V's veto?","answer":"revolution"}
{"text":["We propose three national sales tax holiday periods in 2009. They would be 10-day periods, including two weekends, and they would occur in March, July, and October. During that time period, the federal government would reimburse the states for any sales tax holiday revenue lost because of these holiday periods.","And do you have a sense of how much money this plan could save consumers?","We estimated approximately $175 for the average family.","And as you mentioned, the way that this would work is that the federal government would reimburse states for any losses that they might incur without the taxes during these periods. But could that work?Where's the federal government going to get that money from when they're already handing out to so many other industries?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : to have a sense of something means do you understand something ","questions":"What did PersonB ask about the potential savings for consumers?","answer":"Money"}
{"text":["Well, at a Vatican briefing last Tuesday, the spokesman Father Frederico Lombardi used the Armenian term Medz Yeghern, which means the Great Evil. And he bristled when he was asked why he didn't say genocide. So when the prepared text of the Pope's speech last night used only the Armenian term, most of us thought that was a possible diplomatic overture toward Turkey.","In his actual delivery, the Pope added the word genocide. He said that genocide made possible by the twisted racial ideological or religious aims that darken the minds of the tormentors, even to the point of planning the annihilation of entire peoples. \"That drew a standing ovation from the president of Armenia and the diplomatic corps.","The pope visited the genocide memorial today. What did he say there?","Well, it was a a very powerful scene. Francis stood with his head bowed in prayer next to the Armenian apostolate patriarch and a group of black hooded Orthodox bishops while musicians performed a mournful melody on an ancient Armenian flute that's called the duduk. Here's what it sounds like."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) The Pope's use of the word \"genocide\" was seen as a possible diplomatic overture towards Turkey - it was a subtle way of showing support for Armenia without directly confronting Turkey.","questions":"What was the Vatican spokesman's response when asked why he didn't use the word \"genocide\"?","answer":"Bristled"}
{"text":["Yeah, exactly. I'd like to see it.","Yeah. Well, if you have any other interesting labs, let Flora know.","Yeah. And I'd also like to thank everyone who sent in videos when we requested - I'm still going through them. So if you haven't heard back from me, it's not personal. It's coming, but they were really great, so thanks for sending them.","Yeah. Couldn't compete with the guinea fowl this week on a treadmill. So thank you, Flora."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Let Flora know.\" - The speaker is not literally asking the person to inform Flora. Instead, they are making a suggestion that the person should share any interesting labs they know of with Flora.","questions":"What request does PersonB make to A?","answer":"Flora"}
{"text":["Waiting for the winds to drop down below 50 - sustained winds drop below 50. And at that time we send out all of our first respondents of police, fire, EMS, and our utility companies. Everybody goes out and does damage assessment report in their areas. Report it back to us. We make a priority listing, so we can get power back on if we lost any power. Get the resources back and so we can just bring our people back.","But the winds are above 50 miles an hour, now. So, you don't have anybody out right now?Every body's just hunkered down.","Ninety nine percent of our people are hunkered down. We have a few of our - like the sheriff, he is out, and a few other higher ranking agency people are out, but most - 99 percent of our people are hunkered down in shelters.","So, how long do you really expect that that's going to last?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Emergency responders are not currently out due to high winds.","questions":"What percentage of people are hunkered down in shelters?","answer":"99"}
{"text":["Duane, why don't you describe to us some of the work that you did with actual cases when you were at the California Department of Justice?I mean, what was your job, literally and physically?","Literally, I went to the scene of the crime. I was often the one who collected all the evidence. I also did photography of the crime scene. I did not do fingerprints. There was usually a technician who did that. Back at the laboratory, I would take all that evidence that I collected and inventoried, and I would begin a systematic investigation of that.","As an example, one case in the middle of my career was a triple homicide, and it was a great case from the physical-evidence standpoint. There was bullets. There was blood. There was saliva on cigarette butts. There was hair. There was soil. And I got to basically do it all. And what was really interesting is I presented all these evidence to the jury, laid out a scenario for the crime.","And during the time I was testifying, the defendant called his girlfriend and confessed the crime to her, and then threatened her with death if she ever talked. Well, five minutes later, she called the DA and told the DA about the confession. And she came in to testify at that point, and what she testified to was basically what I had testified to from the physical-evidence standpoint."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : None of the turns in this statement have a figurative or non-literal meaning. The speaker is describing a situation where a defendant in a criminal trial confessed to the crime during the speaker's testimony, and the defendant's girlfriend later corroborated the speaker's testimony with her own testimony.","questions":"What did the defendant's girlfriend do after the defendant confessed to her?","answer":"Called"}
{"text":["And so the children - we have 9,000 children in freedom schools around the country, but many of them are going to go out tomorrow, including Washington, D. C.  and then their state capitals and go see their senators and congressmen and say it is time to cover every child. Not some. God did not make two classes of children.","Tell me about tomorrow's day of social action. What specifically is it going to look like and where is it going to be?","Tomorrow is a civic participation day, they will be going to see their senators and congressmen and others. March into their offices and saying that it is time for every child to have healthcare. All should have the same benefits. All should be able be born with good healthcare.","They are going to tell them how upset they are that children died last year from dental abscesses that just didn't get treatment because children fell through the bureaucratic cracks. And while all of us at the Children's Defense Fund want universal coverage for everybody in America, which is long overdue, children can't wait while we debate for another two, three, four, five, 10 years, for universal coverage for everybody. And so next year they're going to be considering again the funding for the Child Health Insurance Program, but we want to make sure that any consideration of that program will say we're going to cover every child. Right now."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The civic participation day involves marching to senators' offices and demanding that every child should have access to healthcare, regardless of class or social status.","questions":"What is the purpose of the civic participation day?","answer":"Healthcare"}
{"text":["Yeah, they hired an engineer from Southern California, a guy named John Minasian. And Minasian was an expert in towers, and he built rocket gantries for Cape Canaveral for the Saturn rockets. He also built missile testing gantries for the Air Force at Edwards Air Force Base and broadcast towers. And he contributed pretty significantly to the Needle design in terms of - for one thing, being from Southern California, he'd studied with Richter at Caltech. He said you're going to - we're going to put in a foundation that will stand the test of time.","Mm-hmm. And it has been and, you know, you're in a very tectonic part of the world. There are a lot of earthquakes that happen here. I imagine that was taken into account in the design.","Yeah. They did wind tunnel test at the University of Washington, and they basically doubled the load so that it was twice the required code at the time. I talked to an engineer who worked on the project says it could - it'll stay standing with a nine point, you know, quake.","Wow. Well, and was it designed with the Cold War in mind?We were right in the middle of the coldest past of the Cold War at that time."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : They were in the middle of the highest tensions between the two countries.","questions":"What event was happening during the time the tower was being designed?","answer":"Cold"}
{"text":["The president's reaction, they're happy with, I think. The alt-right - Lana actually - I asked her this specifically - I said, you know, what do you think about Donald Trump?And she said, let's be honest; he's not one of our guys. We've never thought that he was one of our guys.","But the more that he does not disavow the things that they believe in and either tacitly or directly supports them, the better.","Seyward Darby - her article \"The Rise Of The Valkyries\" is published in the September issue of Harper's Magazine. Thank you so much for speaking with us.","Thank you so much for having me."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A: \"But the more that he does not disavow the things that they believe in and either tacitly or directly supports them, the better.\" - The implied meaning is that the speaker believes Donald Trump is indirectly supporting the alt-right movement by not publicly condemning their beliefs, and that this is beneficial for the movement.","questions":"What movement does the speaker believe Donald Trump is indirectly supporting?","answer":"Alt-right"}
{"text":["And no problems for their ears?","Well, there sometimes are problems for their ears. I mean, whenever you hear a kid screaming their brains out behind you or in front of you on a plane, probably that kid is having air pressure problems. And what happens is that, if they can't pop their ears very well - that is, popping your ears is equalizing the pressure in the middle ear with that in the atmosphere around you, which we mostly do by making those funny little motions with our jaw and swallowing and things like that - little kids often don't know how to do that.","What can happen is that, as the pressure in the plane drops, the pressure in the middle ear remains at sea level, and so the ear drum gets stretched. And ear drums don't like to get stretched. Sometimes they get stretched badly enough so that they can even tear, although that's really quite rare. One of the things that it does lead to is terrible pain sometimes for kids. I always recommend that parents give kids something to drink and sometimes just sort of chewing on a candy increases saliva, so that you swallow, and it allows pressure to equalize.","OK, so for kids who are not healthy, what about them?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In turn (3), the speaker uses the phrase \"the pressure in the plane drops\" to describe the change in air pressure that occurs during a flight. This is an idiomatic expression that means the cabin pressure decreases as the plane gains altitude.","questions":"What happens to the ear drum when the pressure in the middle ear remains at sea level during a flight?","answer":"Stretched"}
{"text":["You know, I think really when it comes to animal agriculture and pork production specifically, we've always been about open and fair markets and open trade. We know that when there's a level playing field and we have an opportunity to be able to compete with other pork producers worldwide, we continue to gain market share because we are good.","When we have tariffs, these retaliatory tariffs, obviously somebody else has an advantage over us. And especially in China here right now, obviously we've got two 25% tariffs that add up to a 50%, along with the 12% that they charge everybody. That's a 62% tariff. Well, that puts us out of the market, makes us uncompetitive.","Well, with this announcement out of the White House, kind of unexpectedly just in the past week, I mean, do you kind of feel like there's a game of chicken going on, and you're caught in the middle?","Well, let's be very realistic. The real issue at first was steel and aluminum tariffs, which the tariffs were put on Mexico. They retaliated against the United States, and our product was at a 20% tariff rate. And really that was worth about $12 per head. And that $12 came out of my and other pork producers' pocket. So that was the first one."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : level playing field implies that all things rightly set in place or things happening as supposed and not a football field ","questions":"How does PersonA describe the advantage of open and fair markets in animal agriculture?","answer":"Compete"}
{"text":["I think that teenagers - I mean, some were very passionately involved in this. And, you know, teachers do feel things very passionately. It's why they're such a great audience to write for. But others are getting a little bit fed up because these controversies within YA, especially, are dominated by adults, and they're led by adults. So the teens are starting to kind of push back a little bit and saying, you know, this community is supposed to be for us, and you guys are messing it up.","(Laughter) As adults often do mess up things, don't we?","It's true. We ruin everything.","Kat Rosenfield, her article \"The Toxic Drama On YA Twitter\" is on Vulture. com. Thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you for having me."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Adults tend to make mistakes and create chaos when they meddle in things that are meant for teenagers.","questions":"How do adults tend to behave when they interfere with things meant for teenagers?","answer":"Mistakes"}
{"text":["Yeah. I mean, Jodi came to me very strongly. Before I even realized that I was writing a book, I was hanging out with Jodi. And she kind of took up residence in my mind. And I became a little infatuated with her. I started thinking about her all the time. And then the plot and the rest of the story sort of fell into place. I really, actually, kind of felt like I was getting to know her. And so it was a process of realizing what she had been through.","Well, Jodi - without giving too much away - gets out of prison. She meets an interesting woman, Miranda, who has three children, a failing marriage to a has-been country singer and an addiction. What draws them to each other?","She's just gotten out of prison. And she knows, in many ways, that taking up with Miranda is a bad decision. I mean, she kind of looks at her the first night that they're hanging out and tells herself, don't do this. But at the same time, she's drawn to her. I mean, she's physically attracted to her.","But she's also, I think, attracted to the fact that Miranda is bound and determined to enjoy life despite everything that's going wrong. So it's this sort of love of life and determination to make something joyful out of life."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A implies that what Jodi had been through inspired his write up.","questions":"Which character's experiences inspired the book?","answer":"Jodi"}
{"text":["Well, what we hear is a lot of relief, really, that this relentless countdown to all-embracing war, civilians may be averted. But, of course, people are still afraid because what is not off is this war on terror. There are a number of listed terror organizations in Idlib, formerly called Al-Nusra and other groups. And they will be hit with air raids. They will be moved out of this buffer zone that you just described. They will be fought. And hundreds of thousands of civilians can still end up in the crossfire.","How do you establish and enforce a nine-mile demilitarized zone?","Well, the idea of Russia and Turkey is now that Nusra and the other extremist groups will either voluntarily go from this zone, or they will be forced out by other groups and that Turkey and Russia have agreed that there will be an enforcement of this.","The possibility of a battle in Idlib is figured to be probably the last battle of the Syrian civil war that's been going on for a number of years now. Does this agreement avoid that battle or merely postpone it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Despite the relief of averted war, people are still afraid of the war on terror and the potential for civilian casualties.","questions":"What is the reason for people's fear in Idlib?","answer":"terror"}
{"text":[". . . In terms of choices. I mean, am I wrong about that?","You know, that research is still in the early stages as well. And I don't want to undermine it or underplay it, but you have to think about things sort of globally. And one thing that you can do is - if you're concerned about sunscreen use is you can just be extra careful about covering up.","So I know for my own kid, the swimsuit I got for him has long sleeves. And I'm always putting, like, a big hat on him. So you're telling me that's not overkill.","That is not overkill. That's actually a great idea. You know, there are a lot of sun-protective clothing on the market now, so that will help protect the environment 'cause you're using less sunscreen. And it will also help protect you against any potential problems with sunscreen ingredients.","In the end, how big a deal is this study published by JAMA?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Covering up with sun-protective clothing is a good idea.","questions":"How can you protect the environment and yourself from potential problems with sunscreen ingredients?","answer":"clothing"}
{"text":["Because presidents that are about to be removed from office see the writing on the wall. Richard Nixon had a very good sense of his waning support in the Senate. And when he saw it collapse, he realized that if he hung on, he would be removed, and he would lose his presidential pension.","Interesting. So one of the complaints that President Trump is making and that his supporters are making is that this is a purely partisan process. Has that complaint been made before?Is that what people normally say?Or is there something about this particular circumstance that's different?","The reason that impeachment was kept on the shelf for over a hundred years after the Johnson impeachment process was that it was viewed by all sides in the American political community as highly partisan. But it doesn't always have to be the case. And in the Nixon era - a period when I think we saw a model impeachment process - the democratic leadership bent over backwards to make the process as bipartisan as possible.","We keep hearing all kinds of comments from - particularly from former Republican members about what members of their caucus say privately. But there's no way to know how to evaluate that. We do know that publicly, the Republicans are insisting that this is partisan. The Democrats are insisting that no, it isn't. It's a constitutional matter. Do you see from where you sit a way to bridge this difference of perspective?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The person wants to know what can be done to find a common thing the two political parties can agree on.","questions":"Which perspective does the person in turn 3 believe is the key to bridging the difference between the political parties?","answer":"Constitutional"}
{"text":["You mean somebody rational?","Yeah, someone he could work with.","Yeah.","That would be very good."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  Turn (2) implies that the speaker is looking for someone who is reasonable and easy to work with, ","questions":"How would you describe the ideal collaborator according to Turn 2?","answer":"Reasonable"}
{"text":["So Flame has - so far they've found about 20 modules that can be swapped in and out, and they do everything from turning on the internal microphone and webcam on your computer, this way that they could record conversations that you have over Skype or conversations that you have in the room, in the vicinity of the computer.","It takes screenshots of your communications. They seem particularly interested in any email communications or instant messaging communication that you do. It also turns your computer into a Bluetooth beacon. So if you have Bluetooth enabled on your computer, they will turn that on and do a discovery for other Bluetooth-enabled devices in the vicinity, such as a phone, and they will use your computer to then siphon the contact information that is in any phone in the area.","Wow. Wow.","Why all those things?I mean, what's the reason for that?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Wow\" is an interjection that expresses surprise or admiration, and its literal meaning is the same as its actual meaning.","questions":"Which word expresses surprise or admiration in turn 2?","answer":"Wow"}
{"text":["No costume changes, no props.","Did you go into being someone who could be so mutable in part because you had to kind of - you had to have a place to escape, I'm assuming?","You know, I think that's exactly what it was. I remember as a teenager that - you know, I was born in Germany. I lived in Japan 'til I was 10 and then, you know, moved to Iowa, which is where I graduated high school. But you know, just being surrounded by so many different cultures, I just found myself kind of being a sponge. And so, as an extracurricular activity, I ended up, you know, doing standup comedy, you know, telling jokes to my friends. And I think you're right. I think it ended up being an escape into these different characters to be able to make people laugh. And it kind of made, you know, kind of made me laugh on the inside as well, because everything on the outside was really, really hurting.","Can you either give us a snippet of a character, to be in character or show how you transition between characters?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A used comedy as an escape from personal struggles and pain","questions":"Which activity did PersonA participate in as an escape from personal struggles?","answer":"Comedy"}
{"text":["Sort of the intellectual or business father of this. But he himself did not survive. But the practice did survive. And I want to ask for some distinctions here. You have different terms in the book, slaves, indentured servants and what you call free willers. I'm intrigued by the concept of a free willer. Who were they, and what did they get from essentially putting themselves in servitude?","Well, that's what they got. They put themselves in servitude. They were desperate. They were poor people or people who didn't have enough money to pay for the trip to America. They wanted a new life. They hoped that they would get one in America. And so they signed themselves away, their freedoms away, as indentured servants to pay for their passage. And that would be for anything between three and 11 years, usually. Now most of them, initially, didn't survive more than a couple of years.","The first - the average, I think, lifespan of a new indentured servant in the 1620s was probably two years. So these were - they were called at the time free willers because they went of their free will, and so many others didn't go of their free will. They were sent there. They were sent there in chains. They were sentenced to go there. They weren't free at all. Well, nor were these people. So that's the free willers. They are indentured servants.","What about the relationship of the white indentured servants to the African or African-descendant slaves?How did they get along, and how did the people who were essentially their masters treat them differently, if they did?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The 'free willers' were actually indentured servants who sold their freedoms in exchange for a trip to America.","questions":"Which term was used to refer to the indentured servants who went to America on their own will?","answer":"Free-willers"}
{"text":["No, and to be honest, when we get into the 80s, people start taking off work because this is hot. This is, you know, incredible summer weather. We have to go enjoy it. And then so to make the jump up to 90 degrees was watercooler talk. Everybody - that's all you're talking about is how hot it got. Did you hear it got to 90 degrees?So this is a big deal for us.","Do you have air conditioning up there in Anchorage?","Most people don't in their homes. The office buildings do, naturally, but your regular home, my home doesn't. So I had to open windows. I have one little, tiny fan. You cannot find a fan on the shelves in stores in Anchorage. They're all bought up. As soon as they get some in, every store says they go out within an hour.","Well, how about the land around you?How prepared is it?I mean, I gather there are fires."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Fans are in high demand and difficult to find in Anchorage","questions":"Which item is difficult to find in stores in Anchorage?","answer":"Fans"}
{"text":["I think it does make a difference. Different presidents, Lyndon Johnson and Carter, did a great deal in adding blacks to the - at least, district court bench, not as much on the appellate courts. So, I think it is a little easier. You have one man. If he is dedicated to the idea of having a diverse judiciary, and they're lifetime appointments, you're Article Three judges, so you do have a better chance.","On the state level, it tends to be so local with local prejudices and wants. In Ohio, we were talking about, there's a name game going on. Seats constantly being taken by guys with the same name. And a lot of people, in elected places, don't know who the judges are.","When you have 40 judges on the common pleas court bench, the odds that you don't know who they are, what they represent because they can't say anything really profound in their campaigning other then I will be fair and impartial, you don't know about their background. It's a difficult thing to do.","All of this said, given your experience, what do you think that some African-American judges can bring, first of all, in the courtroom, dealing with people who are accused of crimes, but secondly, among their colleagues."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"there's a name game going on\" - Literal meaning: a game related to names. Actual meaning: Judges are being appointed based on their names rather than their qualifications.","questions":"What is the issue with judges in Ohio?","answer":"game"}
{"text":["Remember, David, the lead FBI agent assigned to this probe started a new job in Virginia this month. And other lawyers have been moving off the team, too. But Andrew Weissmann was, in some ways, aside from Robert Mueller, the most well-known. He's been attacked by conservative talk radio hosts. And he was called a killer by Steve Bannon, one of Trump's former advisers, who also called him the LeBron James of money laundering investigations.","The thinking being that, I mean, once the important work is done, you're going to let your investigators move on, even if you're putting the finishing touches on the report or whatever is happening.","That's exactly right. And we're seeing more high-level departures by the day.","So the prosecutor you're talking about, Andrew Weissmann, I mean, really played a central role in the case against Paul Manafort. And we're seeing a lot of news in that case over the past 24 hours with the sentencing. What exactly is happening?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The actual meaning is that investigators are typically moved off a case once their important work is done, even if there are still finishing touches to be made. This is different from the literal meaning which is simply a statement about the movement of investigators.","questions":"What is the difference between the actual and literal meaning of the statement regarding the movement of investigators?","answer":"Difference"}
{"text":["Most Americans will cast our ballots on November 8, or will we?Early voting begins in some states as soon as the end of this month. Twenty million ballots might be in the hands of voters by the end of September. After several elections with early voting, can we see what impact it might have on the political system and even the final result?","Paul Gronke is a professor of political science at Reed College in Portland, Ore. He's founder and director of the Early Voting Information Center. He joins us from Philadelphia. Professor Gronke, thanks for being with us.","Absolutely, good to talk with you, Scott.","Is it your impression so far that one party or one campaign is better prepared than the other right now for early balloting?","I think so. The Democrats really ramped up their operation with the Obama campaign in 2008, and they really got a very good data operation. Rick Perry led the way with the Republicans in some work in Texas to start to track Republican voters and connect them with whether they've cast their ballots early."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  Is it your impression so far that one party or one campaign is better prepared than the other right now for early balloting?","questions":"How did PersonA describe the Democrats' data operation in the 2008 campaign?","answer":"good"}
{"text":["Justice Alito wrote a dissent that was more tailored to - the federal immigration law does have a passage that says states may cooperate in the apprehension or identification of illegal immigrants, and Justice Alito said if you just read the federal law, you might have thought most of these provisions could stand. So his was a more modulated dissent.","And this also, of course, comes in the course of a national election. Any idea which side may be energized by this particular ruling?","Boy, Neal, your guess on that one is as good as mine. My impression that President Obama - several things he's done certainly would have energized the Latinos and some younger people on the immigration issue, and my impression is there's some - another bloc of voters who are very troubled by illegal immigrants.","And Lamar Smith, the congressman and head of the Judiciary Committee, has a statement basically saying this is why we need a new, stronger Congress to pass tougher immigration laws here in Washington, thanks to - these kind of decisions show we need stronger laws out of Washington."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : And Lamar Smith, the congressman and head of the Judiciary Committee, has a statement basically saying this is why we need a new, stronger Congress to pass tougher immigration laws here in Washington, thanks to - these kind of decisions show we need stronger laws out of Washington.  The turn does not have a figurative meaning different from its literal meaning.","questions":"Which congressman made a statement about the need for stronger immigration laws in Washington?","answer":"Lamar"}
{"text":[". . . they did great animation in this. And I can't imagine having the patience to move these little dots around.","No. It's a. . .","It's coffee granules, I think.",". . . a great visualization. And I should say that we have another video that done in the same animation style. It's part of the series. It's an experiment people can do at home. So. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The electronic animation is as tiny as coffee granules.","questions":"How small is the electronic animation?","answer":"tiny"}
{"text":["In the end, has the IMF been a force for good?What has it done that might otherwise not have been done?","You know, I think the comparison is with what happened in the '20s and '30s - that was a world in which we did not have a international lender of last resort. And it was a world in which countries went bankrupt. There was a massive retreat from globalization, countries lost confidence in the way the international financial system worked. And I think the proof of how valuable the IMF has been is the onward march of globalization.","But you're aware of the fact that when the IMF meets, there are going to be protesters outside who are saying that globalization is the problem.","Yeah and I think they're mistaken. They are objecting to some of the cultural consequences of globalization. But I don't think anyone can object to an institution that's committed to preventing people from going under."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : B: \"the problem\" refers to the negative effects of globalization, which may include job losses, cultural homogenization, and environmental degradation. The protesters are not necessarily saying that globalization is a problem in and of itself, but rather that the way it has been implemented has been harmful to many people and the planet.","questions":"How do the protesters view globalization?","answer":"Negative"}
{"text":["Thank you. Thank you for saying snot-like. Not a - I don't believe we've had that phrase on our show before. So what is there. . .","It's a first.","What is there about this delightful mucus of the tongue?","Well, we spent a few years studying the frog tongue."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  (3) B: What is there about this delightful mucus of the tongue? - Implied meaning: What interesting properties does frog tongue mucus have?","questions":"How did they study the frog tongue?","answer":"scientifically"}
{"text":["You know, that's a really great question. Our book hit No. 3 on the New York Times bestseller list on Wednesday. And here I am having written this book and stepping into a different version of, you know, women's rights feminist icon. And it's something I'm really proud of because I had to really educate myself on what I believe to be true.","And so I - I don't know. I think that recreating a person's identity is happening on the daily. And I - for me - I want to keep breaking free from all of these identities and get down to that last one, which is human. And I hope that people out there feel the same way because we are all the same matter.","That soccer star Abby Wambach.","Abby, thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A: \"breaking free from all of these identities and get down to that last one, which is human\" - This turn is figurative language as it refers to the author's desire to move beyond societal labels and stereotypes and focus on our common humanity rather than actually breaking free from physical identities.","questions":"How does the author want to view people beyond societal labels and stereotypes?","answer":"Human"}
{"text":["A lot of destruction, complete devastation - the poultry barns, for example, some of those barns are completely gone. Where the hardest wind gusts hit, it was like Godzilla came and just pulled everything up from the ground. With the banana plantations, you know, you can see when the weakest palm trees fell and broke - when they started feeling the winds because they're leaning one way. And then when the hurricane changed direction, then you see the other one's going to the other side and broken. So you can see the power (laughter) that the hurricane had.","What are we looking at in terms of how quickly they can start working again?","It will depend on the crop. For example, the coffee growers - the arabica bean coffee was being harvested right now. So they're working hard to collect from the ground whatever's left so they can sell it in the market. So we're giving them working capital to be able to pay their payroll, and then we'll start planning for next year's harvesting because it's a one-year crop. On the other end, some of the papaya plantations - growers, they also have bananas and plantains. They have younger trees. So if they cut down the banana trees, in eight, nine months they'll be able to get on their feet.","What does this mean for Puerto Ricans and their access to food?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Some crop growers are able to resume operations sooner than others depending on the crop type.","questions":"What is the determining factor for crop growers to resume operations after the hurricane?","answer":"Crop"}
{"text":["Yeah.","Sterile. Good to drink.","Well, they didn't drink it. They didn't do the ultimate test.","And I don't blame them."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The water is so clean that it is safe to drink.","questions":"What was the result of the ultimate test?","answer":"Unknown"}
{"text":["(Laughing) You would think, but its this weird sort of a - the more I get to know them, the more they become different objects with such different ingredients that I love them more with each passing day.","(Laughing) So I have a burrito specimen here with me in the studio. And I'm going to unwrap. . .","Is it in wax paper or tinfoil?","It is in both tinfoil and wax paper."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The implied meaning is that A is inquiring about the details surrounding B's special person.","questions":"What material is the burrito wrapped in?","answer":"Tinfoil"}
{"text":["And they also said that there was going to be no one within 500 miles of you, right?","Yeah. They did. And I live in Florida. So 500 miles is practically the entire state. And there's seven of us living in this state alone.","So what is your advice to other kids of donors?","I would say just always keep an open mind. And I'm very fortunate that my donor has been receptive to meeting siblings. But, you know, there are some donors out there that want to remain completely anonymous. And so I would say, you know, if the donor is that way, then the best thing to do is just find siblings because it's one of the greatest connections you can ever have."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : It's best to be receptive to any thought that comes your way.","questions":"What is the advice given by PersonA to kids of donors?","answer":"Open"}
{"text":["The highlight, I think, of the BET Awards is, like they said, the BET Awards are great because they have all the celebrities. It's not like the other shows where you sort of go on, who is that?You sort of know who everyone is. But I think, for the BET Awards this year, Al Green was the best person. I mean, he really just, you know, he made you realize, you know, there's nobody out there like him anymore, and. . .","It was fabulous.","He was amazing. And then, Alicia Keys, when she brought, you know TLC and En Vogue and those girls back on stage, it may be felt old, but nonetheless, they were really good, you know, and they sort of was singing these songs that you know, you used to remember when I think music - all generations say this but when music was really good. You know, and who thought I'd say that about TLC, but I was like oh, I miss TLC.","They did \"Waterfalls\" with Alicia Keys."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : BET Awards are great because they have all the celebrities, unlike other shows","questions":"What was the highlight of the BET Awards this year according to A?","answer":"Celebrities."}
{"text":["Yes. I think it still is hard for some categories of people, so I'm keen to support people from underrepresented groups in physics. But also, there are people who maybe badly need the money. People from less well-off households could be very good physicists but just don't have that financial cushion.","So I'm wondering what advice you'd give to a young woman pursuing a career in the sciences.","I'd encourage her to hang in there. It's not quite as easy for her as it is for her male colleagues, but it is getting better. And working in the sciences is fantastic. You'll never want for a job.","Jocelyn Bell Burnell is an award-winning astrophysicist. Congratulations on your award."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Most people don't have enough money to pay for school.","questions":"Which category of people is PersonA keen to support in physics?","answer":"Underrepresented"}
{"text":["Well, one of the big questions is going to be whether or not Donald Trump is able to turn out all of these new voters that he says he's going to be able to turn out. So if you look at the numbers on caucus night, if the numbers are about 150,000 or higher on the Republican side, people think that's a good day for Donald Trump. If there are 125,000 to 150,000, that's the number of people are saying could be good for Ted Cruz.","Democratic side, both Sen.  Sanders and Hillary Clinton seem to be getting good crowds.","For the Democrats, the thing to watch here is that Hillary Clinton has been in this state for two years organizing. They feel like they have their strong core base of support. They have Barack Obama's field operation there. Remember, he won this state in 2008. Bernie Sanders has a interesting complication because he's getting huge crowds. A lot of his supporters are young. They're college-age. The problem with them is that they're all concentrated in a few different places. He's winning more than a quarter of his vote right now in three counties. They're actually encouraging a lot of these kids to go back home so that they can filter out the vote in the rest of the state because the way delegates are picked, they need a little bit more of these kids to go back to other places. Otherwise, Hillary Clinton could wind up winning in rural counties and wind up beating Bernie Sanders, even though he might have a lot of vote concentrated in those cities.","All this concentration on Iowa - and I don't regret a moment on it. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"If there are 125,000 to 150,000, that's the number of people are saying could be good for Ted Cruz.\"  Implicated meaning: The number of people turning out to vote within the range of 125,000 to 150,000 is considered favorable for Ted Cruz's chances.  Explanation: The literal meaning of the statement is straightforward, stating that a voter turnout within a specific range is seen as beneficial for Ted Cruz. The implicated meaning, however, goes beyond the literal interpretation by suggesting that the voter turnout range is an indication of Ted Cruz's potential success in the election.","questions":"What is the range of voter turnout considered favorable for Ted Cruz's chances?","answer":"125,000to150,000"}
{"text":["I gather there were women who asked you for medical help.","Yes. So some of the women who had been raped asked to know if they were pregnant. One of the most heartbreaking things I would have to do would be to confirm for women that they were, indeed, pregnant as a result of rape. Some of them were requesting testing for sexually transmitted infections, which we couldn't do on the boat, but we helped to arrange in Italy once we arrived there.","One of the things I say about my Doctors Without Borders work is that I often come across the best of humanity, but I also come across the worst of humanity. And these women, especially, told me of things that had happened to them that it never occurred to me that humans could do that to one another.","All right, Dr.  Giles, you have at least a few ears in America right now. What do we need to hear?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"confirm for women that they were, indeed, pregnant as a result of rape.\" The phrase \"confirm for women\" means to tell the women that they are pregnant, which is the literal meaning. However, the fact that the pregnancy resulted from rape adds a figurative meaning to the statement that conveys the emotional impact and the devastating consequences of sexual violence.","questions":"How did the women feel when they found out they were pregnant?","answer":"Devastated"}
{"text":["That's right. It has a huge box that they call the LiDAR machine which basically can pierce through the jungle's foliage and map whatsoever on the ground underneath.","And this LiDAR machine can penetrate even triple canopy rainforest.","It's absolutely incredible. It strips it out completely. And you can actually see something as small as a meter on a side, sitting on the ground underneath this incredibly dense rainforest.","And this rainforest, it turns out even sites that had been discovered by archeologists before that the LiDAR technique from the air found vastly more than the archeologists ever suspected."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The machine can read images under the jungle foliage.","questions":"Which machine?","answer":"LiDAR"}
{"text":["Well, because there are a number of reasons that a security clearance can be denied. Among them would be foreign contacts, foreign business interests, criminal activity, financial instability, drug and alcohol use. And some of these are very serious. If employees who had the history of these issues - and they weren't properly mitigated, they could be a risk to national security if they received security clearances.","You're saying hypothetically those could be reasons security clearances would be denied. Were they in these cases reasons that they were denied?","Some of them were applicable in different cases, yes.","Is overriding 25 security clearance denials a large number?I have no idea what's normal in this situation."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"You're saying hypothetically those could be reasons security clearances would be denied.\" - The actual meaning is that A mentioned several reasons that could result in the denial of a security clearance and B is asking if those reasons were actually used to deny security clearances in specific cases.","questions":"How did PersonB respond to PersonA's hypothetical reasons for security clearance denial?","answer":"Applicable"}
{"text":["Yes, far more often. And I'm not sure we fully understand why. In this particular - the latest case, the president said he was not informed until 24 hours before Shanahan pulled out. That was just hard to believe. It's either that reflects gross incompetence on the part of his team in not telling him, or he's lying about it and\/or some combination thereof. But we don't know the answer to that.","What we do know is there has been a pattern of withdrawals from nominations that were not fully vetted, or some things popped up at the last minute. You know, both the person nominated that the president wanted to be Army secretary and the person he wanted to be Navy secretary were both knocked out by disclosures that had not come up in the early vetting.","So who's supposed to find this stuff out in the early vetting?Whose responsibility is it?","There are two institutions that are responsible, take primary lead for it - nominees who require Senate confirmation. One first and foremost is the White House working in conjunction with the Internal Revenue Service, working as well with the FBI to do a thorough financial, legal and personal conduct - and that includes domestic violence - kind of search. While that is underway - and it can take a number of weeks - the Senate itself takes up a background check. And so it's almost shocking that the senators are saying they didn't know.","Every administration has some level of dysfunction. But in a White House that is running somewhat more smoothly than this one, how would this work when it's a well-oiled machine or something close to it?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The senators should have known about the nominees' background check","questions":"Which institution is responsible for conducting a thorough financial, legal and personal conduct search for nominees requiring Senate confirmation?","answer":"FBI"}
{"text":["Right. You have this really shocking statistic in your article where you say that personal consumption amounts to 70 percent of the American economy.","Yeah, that's right. Basically, we are the engine of our own economy. And for far too long apparently, we've just been swiping our Visa cards willy nilly and pumping up this economy. The worry is that when we stop doing that, which is what's happening, our economy is going to sag.","So you went out to see if it was sagging. You went to the Mall of America. What did you find?","The most ambitious mall in the United States, the mall that is doing the most to put you in the fugue state that allows you to spend. They're up against it at the Mall of America. What I found was a lot of people who weren't shopping all that much and a lot of people that were counting their pennies in a way that they never had before."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The person found a lot of people not shopping and instead watching how much they spend on things in order to save money.","questions":"What were people doing instead of shopping at the Mall of America?","answer":"saving"}
{"text":["Yeah. I mean, I don't think they're damaging at all. I think Putin can be quite happy with these results. He had a real problem two years ago after the intervention in Ukraine. Western powers were ignoring and isolating Russia. Obama called the country a regional power. And today, Putin is deciding war and peace in Syria. And, you know, he's being attributed with powers of influencing a U. S.  election. So, in some ways, it makes Russia seem much bigger than it really is.","One thing to keep in mind is that Russians have been told, for some time, that they're at war with the West, not really a shooting war but an information war, sort of a struggle for influence. So there's a widespread perception here that Russia is, itself, the victim of a Western conspiracy. So I think you can say, from the Kremlin's perspective, Russia's just giving the West a taste of its own medicine. More broadly speaking, I think this report really doesn't matter very much here in Moscow. People here are waiting for the inauguration of Donald Trump and nothing else really matters.","NPR's Moscow correspondent Lucian Kim, thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : is that the people of Moscow are not paying attention to the report, but rather are more concerned with the inauguration of Donald Trump.","questions":"Which event are the people of Moscow more concerned with than the report?","answer":"Inauguration"}
{"text":["I saw poofy hot pants. They were like, they were kind of like a poof skirt but done in a hot pants style.","So many regrettable. . .","Regrettable, regrettable fashion sense.","Just unfortunate that you just sort of go, OK, all right. Just X, you know, that X thing they have with Glamour?Yeah, a lot of that."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Poofy hot pants are a ridiculous and impractical fashion choice.","questions":"What kind of fashion sense is described as \"regrettable\" by B?","answer":"Regrettable"}
{"text":["That's the idea. With the blue ASU, the Army tried to - it was kind of supposed to be a throwback to the Civil War or to the Revolutionary War when soldiers wore navy-blue jackets. But it wasn't and hasn't been very recognizable to the public. Everyone knows what a Marine looks like. You know what a sailor looks like. Officers wear those nice dress whites. But that ASU wasn't as recognizable. And I think part of the idea behind this is that people have seen movies. They recognize what a World War II-era soldier looked like. And so there's a lot of - yes - public admiration for seeing the guy in the olive-drab suit.","And when are they going to make the decision?","There's supposed to be a decision this spring - so within the next few months. I think, though, the last bit of it is the sergeant major and a couple of models that he has who are wearing prototypes have been going around to events, going to Capitol Hill, getting, you know, Congress and the lawmakers to sign off, to give their stamp of approval and then, in the next couple of months, make a final decision about mass-producing it.","Meghann Myers of the Army Times, thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The blue ASU uniform is not recognizable to the public and the Army is trying to change that by making it resemble the uniforms from World War II-era that people recognize from movies.","questions":"What is the Army trying to achieve with the blue ASU uniform?","answer":"Recognition"}
{"text":["You know, it's - well, my wife and I are just trying to adjust to whatever kind of a Christmas that we can have. To have this on top of all our - all the other stress and pressures going on, it's just overwhelming.","Originally, the value of your condominium was more than $200,000. Do you have any idea what it might fetch today at this auction?","I believe that the lenders are going to probably try to get the most that they can from it. So there's probably a good chance that no - there may be no takers for it. But I can tell you that the surrounding condos that are similar to that are going for well below 100,000.","So you've known for a while now that it was going to go up for auction today. How have you been getting ready for this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Auction price will be low and very high","questions":"How would you describe the possible range of auction prices for the condominium?","answer":"Range"}
{"text":["Right. You have this really shocking statistic in your article where you say that personal consumption amounts to 70 percent of the American economy.","Yeah, that's right. Basically, we are the engine of our own economy. And for far too long apparently, we've just been swiping our Visa cards willy nilly and pumping up this economy. The worry is that when we stop doing that, which is what's happening, our economy is going to sag.","So you went out to see if it was sagging. You went to the Mall of America. What did you find?","The most ambitious mall in the United States, the mall that is doing the most to put you in the fugue state that allows you to spend. They're up against it at the Mall of America. What I found was a lot of people who weren't shopping all that much and a lot of people that were counting their pennies in a way that they never had before."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : So you went out to see if the economy was going down in terms of less people spending money.","questions":"How did PersonA describe the Mall of America's effect on spending?","answer":"ambitious"}
{"text":["We're not paid a huge salary by a league at all. Instead, our income comes almost exclusively from sponsorship deals with inked apparel companies, like Nike and ASICS, that keeps them bound for three to five years. And we don't get rich.","No, point taken. Well, when you decided to have a baby, like, what happened?I mean, did you tell your contact at Nike?Did your agent speak to them?Like, what happened?","Back in 2012, I just finished the Olympic year. And I finished fifth at the Olympics. I noted hey, you know, you guys, it's - I'm looking at my contract here, and there aren't any protections in place. And they would not provide me with what would happen to me. That led us to kind of seeking out other options. ASICS came into play and kind of stated the same thing. Hey, I plan on expanding my family. ASICS at the time had said, we appreciate full athletes. Come over here. And so I did. I finished a year with them in which I finished with a bronze medal at world championships.","And so in that off-year, I'd hoped that we would conceive and be able to have our daughter and return to the sport. And I did conceive. I did have my daughter. And my daughter was two months old. And I got a phone call that said, I want to talk about your contracts in regard to your performance this year - which means - you mean the year that I've been with child?And then I was - my payment was reduced."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Despite being a professional athlete, their income comes from sponsorship deals.","questions":"Which aspect of the athlete's income is not derived from a league?","answer":"sponsorships"}
{"text":["You know, it's not fair to put the blame on the entire system. You know, we countlessly says in sexual assaults it's not a fraternity problem. It's not an alcohol problem. But we also can't be naive enough not to point out that there seems to be a theme happening where people have this groupthink and are able to hide behind a larger organization.","Can you give us any more insight as to what the conversation on your editorial board's been like?","We were shocked and disgusted when this information came out. You know, one of our first editorials was just somewhat emotional - us explaining that we are very frustrated that this has happened. We are disgusted. These actions are vile, and we, as a student newspaper, are putting our foot down. We're not going to stand for it. As more information has unfolded, specifically the anonymous interview that came out in Philadelphia magazine - that was another topic of one of our editorials.","I don't know that story."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"hide behind a larger organization\" - This phrase means that individuals use the larger organization as a shield to protect themselves from accountability. Its actual meaning is figurative, not literal.","questions":"What is the meaning of the phrase \"hide behind\"?","answer":"Figurative"}
{"text":["Part of the problem is that you obviously need to deal with the security issues. But at the same time, that doesn't mean you put the human rights issues into the background. You can also raise human rights issues as you raise these security issues. You have to be able to walk and chew gum if you're going to practice international relations.","Yeah. You met North Korea's top nuclear negotiator in 2011. How did that go?I mean, how did you balance those concerns?","Well, the primary person I was - the reason that I was in North Korea at the time was to talk about the possibility of United States humanitarian assistance. North Koreans made a request. We were looking at the possibility of doing that. And our negotiations focused on that. On the other hand, there were meetings that we had and also time that we had after meetings or in connection with dinners and that kind of thing to raise human rights questions. You know, you don't start out by blasting them with the worst thing you can find. But there are ways that you can press them and push them and encourage them to accept the idea that human rights actually improves the standing of the regime if people like the government.","This administration eliminated the job you held. Do you think that matters?I mean, do you think this administration will even broach the issue of human rights?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Blasting was done in the metaphorical sense, ie blasting them with words. There was no actual shooting. ","questions":"How was blasting done during the meetings?","answer":"Words"}
{"text":["(Rapping) Now I don't care what they say about me Because rules were meant to be broken. That's why the world can't forget about me Because rules were meant to be broken.","The lyrics on his new album say don't change, but rapper Lyrics Born has kept his game on the move. He's done mix tape-style compilations and released his own albums and singles. Now the Bay Area stalwart's got a new album called \"Everywhere At Once\" and it brings elements of funk and R&B into the mix. Lyrics Born, thanks for coming on.","Thank you very much.","So I understand you really launched into music when you were at the University of California, Davis. So when was that and who were you and what was it like?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Breaking rules is necessary to be remembered and successful.","questions":"Which word in turn 0 describes how rules are viewed by the rapper?","answer":"Broken"}
{"text":["Yeah. So they did the - this is an amazing study and a beautiful video because of their research. They have really lovely time-lapse movies of cucumbers growing. And, you know, you think of plants as planted. . .","They stay there.",". . . stationary, kind of boring.","They don't move. Right."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speakers agree that plants do not move.","questions":"How do the speakers feel about the movement of plants?","answer":"Neutral"}
{"text":["And they also said that there was going to be no one within 500 miles of you, right?","Yeah. They did. And I live in Florida. So 500 miles is practically the entire state. And there's seven of us living in this state alone.","So what is your advice to other kids of donors?","I would say just always keep an open mind. And I'm very fortunate that my donor has been receptive to meeting siblings. But, you know, there are some donors out there that want to remain completely anonymous. And so I would say, you know, if the donor is that way, then the best thing to do is just find siblings because it's one of the greatest connections you can ever have."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : It's best to be receptive to any thought that comes your way.","questions":"How would you describe the donor's attitude towards anonymity?","answer":"Anonymous"}
{"text":["But the technical. . .","Let me just jump in. When you say GDP, that's the Gross Domestic Product?","Exactly. So when you see growth going down, you see yourself in a recession. And it's, you know, it's Standard English, frankly. It's not rocket science, but the fact is that the macro numbers, Farai, belie what the micro reality is for so many people.","We've been seeing lay off numbers for over two years. We've seen a 5. 2 percent unemployment rate. All of those things combine to speak to, at least, economic hard times. But the technical definition of a recession is that you have two quarters of GDP going down. Now let's look at the next quarter because right now we don't have that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : While the macroeconomic numbers don't indicate a recession, many people are experiencing economic hardship.","questions":"How do many people feel despite the macroeconomic numbers not indicating a recession?","answer":"Feel"}
{"text":["And since January, it's been a virtual storm of controversy. Not only these felony counts, but the city council is moving to have him removed. The governor of the state is now considering hearings to have him removed, and there's a petition drive in effect right now where they're collecting thousands of signatures to try and get him recalled.","So with all this negative publicity and apparent negative sentiment against the mayor, why doesn't he step down?","Most people in the know say that the reason that he does not step down is because being the mayor of Detroit helps him in his case, that he can leverage all kinds of things, not only fundraising things to help pay for his legal fees, but also that it helps his case that he is still in an official standing going into this criminal case.","Celeste Headlee, covering the latest in the story of Detroit mayor Kwame Kilpatrick, now in jail. Celeste, thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The implied meaning of (2) is to ask why the mayor is not taking responsibility for his actions and resigning, rather than asking why he isn't simply stepping away from the role.","questions":"Which word describes the reason why the mayor does not step down as suggested in turn 1?","answer":"Responsibility"}
{"text":["It's a pleasure to be here. And I'm one of many people who are running the Dog Aging Project.","What do you folks hope to learn?","We're trying to create the largest long-term study of aging in dogs that anyone has ever done, with the goal of trying to understand how genes and environment determine healthy aging in dogs.","So it's not just that old rule of thumb that one year is seven years in a dog's life?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) - So it's not just that old rule of thumb that one year is seven years in a dog's life? - Implied Meaning: Is there more to aging in dogs than just a general estimate of one year to seven years?","questions":"How does the person in line 3 question the common belief about dog aging? (Answer: Not Just)","answer":"Not"}
{"text":["Great to be here as well.","So let's start with the most recent news. This past Friday, the Supreme Court agreed to hear an abortion case out of Louisiana. Can you just briefly explain the central issue in the case and why this is so significant?","Louisiana had passed a statute that required doctors to have admitting privileges before they could perform abortions. And that would result in virtually no abortion facilities in the state. It's similar to what Texas attempted to do several years ago, and the Supreme Court struck down that law in 2016. But this time, the federal appeals court for Louisiana has upheld the law, and the court was sort of forced to take the case.","The question I think for people who both support abortion rights and expansive abortion rights and those who oppose them is whether the court will turn over the precedent set in Roe v.  Wade. Is this case a case that could do that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The question is whether the Court will redo the case of Roe v. Wade and change the outcome of it.","questions":"Which case is being referred to in turn 3?","answer":"Roe-v.Wade"}
{"text":["If that was the concern initially, I've never heard it expressed in recent years. There are now so many people who have gotten out, and their stories have been corroborated by, you know, so many of these different people who've escaped that it's, you know, North Korea is as bad as they say, and perhaps even worse.","But, you know, I would like to say that the stories are also inspiring. You hear these terrible things, and sometimes I go to sleep at night thinking about the horrible stories I'd heard about life in North Korea. But at the same time, it's very positive to think that after six decades of totalitarian repression, there are people who are still longing for freedom and have the courage to go after it.","Yet it raises the question of the many more who are still inside that hell on Earth.","Indeed. And the 24,000, 25,000 who have gotten out are a drop in the bucket when you consider there are still 25 million people enslaved in North Korea. However, the North Koreans who escape are small in number, but they have provided a huge service, two ways. One is that they've educated all of us about the reality of life in North Korea. Nobody can say today that we didn't know. We now know about the gulag. We know about the way the government uses food as a political tool. We know all of this."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The statement implies that despite the small number of North Koreans who have escaped, they have provided valuable information about the reality of life in North Korea.","questions":"How have North Korean defectors contributed to our understanding of life in North Korea?","answer":"Information"}
{"text":["(Laughter) Well, punctuation cooking may be a bit different, but I call it a great deal of those dishes where people have little bottle and they do little dots and the little comma and question mark all around.","(Laughter).","And basically, there (laughter) is no sauce to dip your bread in. You don't really know what those things have to do with the food. When I cook, I like people to be able to identify the food. I like people to feel comfortable. I want people to look at my food and start salivating and starting thinking of a marriage of that food with a certain type of wine and so forth. But in molecular cuisine, this is fine. I mean, up to a certain extent - a meal or two this way, but after a while, I just want to go out and have a taco and a beer (laughter).","(Laughter) As I was reading your book, you know, Julia Child - your friend and co-conspirator of many years - was famous for telling us, remember, nobody sees you in the kitchen."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) In turn (3), the speaker is talking about molecular cuisine, which is a type of cooking that uses scientific techniques to create new and unusual dishes. The implied meaning is that while molecular cuisine can be interesting and exciting to try, it may not be satisfying or enjoyable in the long run. The speaker prefers traditional cooking methods that are familiar and comforting","questions":"How does the speaker feel about molecular cuisine?","answer":"Unsatisfying"}
{"text":["That's essentially what it is, except the other person will never know that you put their name down unless they also put your name down.","OK.","I mean, I make fun of it. I'm probably still going to use it, right?OK (laughter)?","So - well, to that end, though, what kind of feedback are you hearing about this so far from the other countries where it rolled out?And I know it just started here, but - so what are you hearing so far?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The person wants to know what other countries thought about it once it started.","questions":"How is PersonB curious about the international feedback on the service?","answer":"Curious"}
{"text":["Well, what happened is I - we plan an escape. It was really, really dangerous. The movement that we're struggling in became tribal and so, you know, you see soldiers who are turning on each other. And so we decide, look, I rather go and die where my family members are. We were, like, around - between two to 400, I think, and only 16 people survived. And the way some died of starvation, dehydration and a lot of things that attacked us on the way that we weren't prepared for.","You wound up at a place called Waat.","Yeah, when I arrived in a place called Waat and I met a British aid worker called Emma McCune. And so Emma McCune was the one who smuggled me into Kenya and put me in school, so she disarmed me.","So when you heard the news that 3,000 child soldiers may be gradually released in South Sudan, what did that make you feel?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implicated meaning: In this context, \"disarmed\" does not refer to physically taking away weapons from the speaker, but rather, to the act of helping the speaker move away from a violent and dangerous situation and giving them a chance at a better life. It implies that Emma McCune provided emotional and practical support to the speaker, and helped them escape the violence they were trapped in.","questions":"How did Emma McCune help the speaker?","answer":"Smuggled"}
{"text":["And, you know, I actually - I stumbled across an obituary from the New York Times for a Rough Rider, not even one of the famous Rough Riders. But it was from the '30s, and it went through his career. And it struck me that, you know, if here's a guy who's not even that famous, but he's significant enough that 40 - almost 40 years later, he gets an obituary in the New York Times. So what does that say about how famous and how significant these people were at the time?And what is that significance?So that really struck for me that match of thinking, OK, now I need to find the answer.","Well, were they hugely famous when the United States organized an army and invaded Cuba in 1898?","Absolutely. You know, there was this moment in 1898 where I think - and this is the significance of the war - is that it changed how America thinks about its military and about its role in the world. And it gave a positive spin to the idea that American can have a military and should go out into the world to intervene, to bring freedom.","And for a lot of people, even at the time - and editorialists wrote about this. They said the Rough Riders are emblematic of that new America, of this idea that we have this power and we have this - the strength and these values at home. And now we're going to arm them and take them out into the world. And to me, that resonates throughout the 20th century. Time after time, we do that same sort of thing."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The war in 1898 changed America's view of military intervention.","questions":"What did the war in 1898 change?","answer":"Military"}
{"text":["Is there a danger of South Koreans becoming too complacent?","I think that they do talk about that. But there's also reality, which is when you have this incredibly materialistic society, it's literally a, you know, (speaking Korean) style (speaking Korean) land, then, you know, the reality of this war with this nation under Kim Jong Un kind of doesn't strike anyone as a realistic thing. And, yes, there is a danger to it. But at the same time, life does go on. And life is a very, very, very fast and active one in South Korea.","So we've been talking about war. What about peace?Do the South Koreans even think about the possibility of detente anymore, the possibility of the border reopening?","I mean, I think the issue of one Korea reunification is one of those politically manipulated one. You know, the left parties used it. The right has used it, certainly, in South Korea. So it's almost like this sort of symbol whenever they need to use sort of national security in order to unite people or get their agenda across. So it's almost become a tired one, where everyone - if you were to talk to them and you interview South Koreans, they'll all say, reunification is necessary. Do they want it?They would pause. Do they want to pay for 25 million North Koreans?Do they want refugees?They don't really want that."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker is expressing concern about South Koreans becoming too comfortable and not taking the threat of war seriously.","questions":"How does the speaker view the possibility of Korean reunification?","answer":"Manipulated"}
{"text":["Unlike other more indigenous groups to Afghanistan - like the Taliban, which generally tries not to kill civilians, at least as much as possible - ISIS in Afghanistan has done exactly the opposite. Much like their brethren in Iraq and Syria, anybody is game.","How big a threat are they?Have they eclipsed the Taliban?","Well, I think one has to put ISIS in Afghanistan into perspective. They are not a populist movement. They don't have a large support base either among Afghans or a large number of fighters. U. S.  estimates are down in the 2-to-3,000 realm, which is an order of magnitude lower than the Taliban. But what they're willing to do is to conduct high-profile attacks against Afghan and international targets in cities like Jalalabad and Kabul. And that makes them certainly a threat, but it doesn't make them a threat to overthrow the Kabul regime.","Is there coordination between the Taliban, or are they rivals?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : ISIS in Afghanistan is a threat through high-profile attacks","questions":"Which group poses a threat through high-profile attacks in Afghanistan?","answer":"ISIS"}
{"text":["Pleasure to be here.","How was your lab affected by this?","Well, pretty severely. We lost the great majority of our mice. And I guess probably the clearest way I can put it is to say mice are very - are quite literally our partners in discovery. We really rely on them to inform us on pretty much every aspect of what we learn about how the brain functions.","I mean, I was trying to think about this, too, how - what the right analogy is. I mean, you don't - they're encoding data, as well, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : mice play a crucial role in the scientific research conducted by the speaker.","questions":"How do mice contribute to the PersonA's research?","answer":"Inform"}
{"text":["Now, that's something that would be the kind of final explanation if we could rule out everything else, and of course the big job is ruling out everything else. So in our paper we have a number of possibilities, but again, none of them are easy. None of them are simple.","So if you wanted to have ordinary dark matter that has no stickiness, you would have to come up with some very convoluted mechanism for removing this cold dark matter from the galaxies that it loves so much. I mean, it just loves hanging out with these galaxies, doesn't want to let go of them under the cold, collision-less dark matter theory, which is our main theory that I think we all accept.","Yeah, but if you stick with the stickiness idea, then you have to give up the other ideas, that you think you know what dark matter is.","Yeah, so we actually don't know what dark matter really is. These are all theories. Dark matter is not part of our standard model of physics. The standard model accounts for protons and electrons and neutrons. But one of the things that's really exciting about dark matter, that makes it one of the deepest mysteries of the cosmos, is that we know - we are pretty sure that dark matter is not part of the standard model."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A: \"I mean, it just loves hanging out with these galaxies, doesn't want to let go of them...\" Implicated meaning: The speaker is personifying dark matter by saying that it \"loves\" and \"doesn't want to let go\" of galaxies, suggesting that dark matter has a strong gravitational interaction with galaxies. The actual meaning is not that dark matter has emotions or desires, but rather emphasizing its gravitational effects.","questions":"Which term is being personified in the dialogue?","answer":"Dark-matter"}
{"text":["The Supreme Court heard arguments this morning on SB 1070, the Arizona immigration law, which passed in 2010. The most controversial part of the legislation requires local law enforcement to check the immigration status of people they suspect of being in the United States illegally. The central question before the justices is the extent of the federal government's authority over immigration law. A decision's expected this summer and, like the decision on the health care law, could play a role in the presidential election.","David Savage, Supreme Court correspondent for The Los Angeles Times and The Chicago Tribune, joins us now by phone from his office here in Washington. David, always nice to have you with us.","Hi, Neal.","And today might - the justices - obviously, this it their last day of arguments this term, not a low-profile case."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be hinting at something indirectly and expects the listener to understand the intended message.","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue implies that the speaker is hinting at something indirectly?","answer":"1"}
{"text":["Even bigger than a football field, you know. And we would walk our way across it and everybody who needed to observe this, the staffs, other commanders of supporting elements, fighter squadron commanders, bomber squadron commanders, helicopter commanders, they'd all be gathered around on the sand dunes around watching as we walked our way through it. And we did this repeatedly.","Did anybody in your experience rehearse what would happen after you closed in on Baghdad?","Yes, as a matter of fact, my boss at Camp Pendleton during a war game that we had in June of 2002. And on the first day of the war game - this is really about how does a battle unfold?We were looking at Iraq, of course. And he said - he pulled out the entire planning staff that usually is playing the next day or the next week's fight. And he said, you're going to concentrate on the post-combat phase. He said, I'm not getting enough guidance on it. I want to know what we're going to do when the fighting is done.","Although I get the impression from your book and from having covered the war in Iraq as a journalist that the United States reached a point where there had been no plan, where people had not rehearsed it a thousand times, where on a very high level it was not clear at all what the United States wanted to do in Iraq and how the United States wanted to achieve it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The lack of planning for the post-war phase in Iraq despite previous war games.","questions":"How did the United States fail in their planning for post-war Iraq?","answer":"Lack"}
{"text":["This is SCIENCE FRIDAY. I'm Flora Lichtman. If you're listening to our program over the radio today, you have Nikola Tesla to thank. Many of the things we take for granted now - electricity, radar, X-ray technology - come from research done by Tesla about a hundred years ago. But even though he's been come - he's come to be known as the father of the electric age, Tesla died penniless and largely forgotten in 1943.","Skip ahead to present time and enter Matthew Inman, creator of the website The Oatmeal. You may have seen and laughed at his comics, and if you haven't, to get a flavor of them, go to our website at sciencefriday. com to see his one about Tesla. Inman partnered with a nonprofit called the Tesla Science Center at Wardenclyffe on a mission to raise money to buy Tesla's lab in Shoreham, New York, and turn it into a museum. And here's the amazing part: they did it. They raised over $1. 3 million from the public to fund a science museum. There's hope yet. Matthew Inman joins me from Atlanta. Welcome to the program and congratulations.","Oh, yeah, thanks for having me.","Who are these people that gave to your campaign?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Matthew Inman partnered with a nonprofit to raise money to turn Tesla's lab into a museum, and they succeeded.","questions":"Which nonprofit did Matthew Inman partner with to raise money to turn Tesla's lab into a museum?","answer":"Tesla-Science-Center"}
{"text":["It depends on who you ask. For the South Koreans who have been really eager to have a successful Olympics and for the president, Moon Jae-in's administration, who has really pushed for better ties to North Korea, this will be a big success for them in terms of getting the North Koreans to participate, to march under the joint flag and to mitigate any potential North Korean provocations that could have happened during the Olympics and ruin the whole atmosphere. But in terms of applying maximum pressure on North Korea and getting them to denuclearize, this is just a minor blip on the radar.","And what do we make of the military parade in North Korea just before?Is that a way of saying we don't mean it, or what?","Absolutely. I think - you know, I've been likening the North Korean participation in the Olympics as kind of like \"The Wedding Crashers,\" where they just storm in, guzzle everybody's champagne, other people's food and then they're going to leave a mess behind. And nothing they've said since Kim Jong Un's New Year's address has suggested that they're going to be talking about their nuclear weapons program at all. In fact, they've not had any pressure from South Korea or anybody in terms of talking about nuclear weapons.","Well - and that brings up a question. And I feel the need to ask it every now and then - why does North Korea want nuclear weapons?What's their overall strategic goal?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of (4) is asking what North Korea wants to achieve with nuclear weapons. The implicated meaning is questioning why North Korea wants nuclear weapons in the first place.","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue provides the literal and implicated meaning of questioning North Korea's motives for wanting nuclear weapons?","answer":"(3)"}
{"text":["You could wear it on your clothing?","Right. Well, their hope is - I mean, the - I think the sort of grand dream here is that if you make these little pocket factory sort of easy, you know, easy to install in cities, then inventors and companies who might have a need for micro solar but didn't want to go through the rigmarole of acquiring those panels before might incorporate them. So you could have sort of more micro solar use. That's their grand dream, although of course they say, you know, who knows?","Well - but you see, working - so the Video Pick of the Week is the video - it's up on our website at sciencefriday. com, in Flora's backyard. You get a little peek. . .","Yeah. Don't judge me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The goal is to make micro solar installation easy and convenient for inventors and companies.","questions":"Which type of alternative energy source is the focus of the conversation?","answer":"Solar"}
{"text":["Well, the overall energy source for all of this is that big ball that we see every day, the sun.","Oh, that thing.","Yeah, that thing.","But the sun is moderately variable. And every now and then, it'll send out an extra stream, a strong stream of particles that we call the solar wind. And that when that comes along and encounters our planet, we have a magnetic field, and so that acts as sort of a barrier, but it still puts energy in. And when all that energy comes in, it goes into these particles. And then this is one of the mechanisms whereby things get transferred into the very high-energy particles that make the radiation belts."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B is being sarcastic and dismissive about the sun.","questions":"What is PersonB's response to PersonA's statement about the sun?","answer":"Dismissive"}
{"text":["ou're also seeing some extreme moves by companies like Advantage Consultants who basically say, hey, we can supply you, Mr.  and Ms. Candidate, with an army-full of bloggers ready to get your campaign out on the blogosphere 24\/7. It's just - it's like the wild, wild West right now on the Internet.","Is that - I mean, of course, all fair - all is fair in love, war and politics. But is that cheating in a way, you know, blogs were created initially as if, like, I'm just going to express what's in my heart. And now, it sounds as if what you're saying is that there is a lot of people who are saying, I'm going to create the appearance that people are speaking from their heart.","Yeah, and, you know - and this is - gets into astroturfing and a whole bunch of other terminology behind what's the real message of these types of Web sites. You're right. The organic nature of a blog was to be something that was transparent, that wasn't agenda-driven. And obviously, when you start looking at politics and campaigns, it's agenda-driven. So now, they're looking at these tools being PR machines, more than this transparent, here-is-a-look-into-my-life type of outlet that it used to be.","Speaking of transparency, there is some information that campaigns don't always give out, like where their money is coming from. And tell me about OpenSecrets."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"express what's in my heart\" is a figurative expression that means to express one's true and honest feelings.","questions":"What does \"express what's in my heart\" mean?","answer":"Honesty"}
{"text":["I am deeply skeptical of that.","It's true, it's true. It's the - the analysis depends on the content of the air and the water in the specific place where your mother - the area where your mother was living when she was pregnant with you because that's the first bone that forms in your body as a part of the skull bone, apparently. Just as we can take a section of your thigh bone and that will give us a longitudinal picture of where you've been living for the last seven years.","Wow.","It's magic, isn't it?It's exactly those wild moments that I love, and there's a case in the book from - we were talking about insects earlier. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The actual meaning behind (4) is not just an expression of admiration but also an invitation to explore and appreciate the wonders of the world.","questions":"What is the implied meaning behind turn 3?","answer":"Invitation"}
{"text":["There are politicians from a wide variety of political parties that complain that the prime minister, Nouri al-Maliki, who is an Arab Shiite, that he has simply too much power. And critics have taken to calling him a dictator on TV over the last week. They're comparing his style of governance to Saddam Hussein. And they're basically holding up ratification and calling for a reform proposal that would curb many of Nouri al-Maliki's powers.","Meanwhile, Maliki's advisers are accusing these parties of using the American-Iraqi Treaty as a way to twist the prime minister's arm. They're calling this a desperate ploy for rival politicians to try to win popular support from the Iraq people.","So, Ivan, what are the prospects now for this status of forces agreement?It's intended to replace a U. N.  mandate which governs U. S.  troops being there. It's set to expire at the end of this year.","Well, that raises a lot of questions. The Iraqi prime minister has said he will not extend the United Nations mandate. The U. S.  has threatened, from what we're hearing from some Iraqi lawmakers, to begin withdrawal immediately."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Maliki's advisers accuse rival politicians of using the American-Iraqi Treaty as a desperate ploy to gain support from the Iraqi peopl","questions":"What are Maliki's advisers accusing rival politicians of using the American-Iraqi Treaty as?","answer":"Ploy"}
{"text":["Yes. So, given the fact that I had been able to, you know, prove myself under harsh circumstances, prove my judgment, my composure, my, you know, warrior spirit, if you will, despite all this and despite the medals that came and the valor devices and everything - you know, there's a position called a combat controller. And the officer version of that is a special tactics officer. It would have been right up my alley. Despite everything that I had just proven, I was barred from even applying for that job.","Major Hegar, I got to ask you a couple of questions. I want it understood they in no way question your valor, your physical, mental or emotional capabilities. But, you know, the U. S.  Marine Corps, for example, has a 12-week course for officers that's a prerequisite for leaving infantry units. And the first two women who tried to make it through that course last year didn't.","Right.","Do you think standards should in any way be changed so that you get more equal numbers of men and women?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  This statement implies that the interviewer has doubts about Major Hegar's capabilities, but is not directly expressing them. ","questions":"How does the interviewer's statement imply their thoughts on Major Hegar's qualifications?","answer":"Doubts"}
{"text":["This is News and Notes. I'm Farai Chideya.","For decades, the Big Three auto companies have been an integral part of the U. S.  economy. Now those companies are struggling to survive and pleading for a federal bailout. General Motors, Ford and Chrysler have until Tuesday to submit a restructuring plan to Congress. For more, we've got Jerome Vaughn. He's the news program director for WDET in Detroit, Michigan. Jerome, great to have you back on the show.","Thanks. Glad to be with you.","So what we've been hearing a lot about is basically just a failure of these negotiations to move forward. Before we get to the nuts and bolts of it, from an economic level, how are people in Detroit dealing with what appears to be a reluctance on the part of the federal government to really enter into a bailout?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The federal government is hesitant to provide financial assistance to the struggling auto industry.","questions":"Which industry is struggling to survive and requesting a federal bailout?","answer":"Auto"}
{"text":["This is WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. I'm Scott Simon. This week, new reporting revealed that the electronic communication we may think is private is actually not. That includes everything from our medical records to banking information. The National Security Agency has been able to crack encryption technology, giving the government access to the private details that we type into encrypted websites. Now, we know this because of documents released by the former NSA contractor Edward Snowden. These documents resulted in a story that was published simultaneously in yesterday's New York Times, the Guardian, and on the website of the nonprofit news organization ProPublica. They did so despite the objections of intelligence agencies. Jeff Larson of ProPublica co-authored the article and he spoke to us from New York. And we began by asking him whether he knows how many of these encrypted sites have been cracked.","We don't actually know exactly what the NSA and GCHQ have cracked. They. . .","GCHQ is the British equivalent of the NSA.","Right. Yes. They protect this information with a special classification level. We can only sort of infer by the fact that they say that they've cracked vast amounts of encrypted communications traveling over the wire."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The sites were not actually cracked but were opened by unauthorized people.","questions":"How were the sites opened?","answer":"accessed"}
{"text":["Firefighting is dangerous - raging flames, choking smoke, hot, floating ash - but what about the long-term health effects that persist after the fire's been doused and firefighters have gone home?The Chicago Tribune investigated links between fighting fires and deadly cancers that can catch up to those first responders long after they leave a scene. Karen Ann Cullotta reported the story, and she told us she started looking into it after two firefighters in the Chicago area died.","I wrote obituaries for both of them, and I was kind of taken aback that they were both young, and these were what was being called line-of-duty deaths cancer deaths. So I started asking around different fire departments and saying, you know, is this something you're seeing?Is this something that's being talked about?And without exception, every department I spoke with said this is pretty much all we're talking about.","Is it the toxic smoke?What is it?","Yeah. So there's just - there's a lot of questions - unanswered questions. And while there's been research into this for years, it's still unfolding. They've always known that, of course, inhaling smoke is dangerous. But now, these studies are looking at these toxins that are in the smoke and that settle on the skin. So it's not just inhalation. It's actually getting into the skin and into the blood stream from exposed areas."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Raging flames implies that the flames are very strong and active","questions":"Which Chicago newspaper investigated links between fighting fires and deadly cancers?","answer":"Incorporating"}
{"text":["No.","So give an ABC, a little ABCs of how, let's say, Plan B works.","Yeah, so it depends on when you take it. You have to be aware when the fertile window is. So it's five days before ovulation and then about maximum one day after ovulation. And if you take it before the LH surge has started, then it works by either blocking follicular development and ovulation or by postponing it.","But if LH has started to rise, then it's too late, and it has no effect, and ovulation will occur. And it has no effect after ovulation, no effect on the fallopian tube or on the endometrium, that is the uterine lining. And actually if a woman has miscalculated, so she's already pregnant, it has no negative effect on the pregnancy, on the fetus or on the newborn baby. And it can't interrupt a pregnancy, but it has absolutely no effect."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"You have to be aware when the fertile window is.\"  The phrase \"fertile window\" is not a literal window but rather a period of time when a woman is most likely to get pregnant. It refers to the days leading up to and including ovulation when an egg can be fertilized by sperm.","questions":"Which phrase refers to the days leading up to and including ovulation?","answer":"Days"}
{"text":["And no problems for their ears?","Well, there sometimes are problems for their ears. I mean, whenever you hear a kid screaming their brains out behind you or in front of you on a plane, probably that kid is having air pressure problems. And what happens is that, if they can't pop their ears very well - that is, popping your ears is equalizing the pressure in the middle ear with that in the atmosphere around you, which we mostly do by making those funny little motions with our jaw and swallowing and things like that - little kids often don't know how to do that.","What can happen is that, as the pressure in the plane drops, the pressure in the middle ear remains at sea level, and so the ear drum gets stretched. And ear drums don't like to get stretched. Sometimes they get stretched badly enough so that they can even tear, although that's really quite rare. One of the things that it does lead to is terrible pain sometimes for kids. I always recommend that parents give kids something to drink and sometimes just sort of chewing on a candy increases saliva, so that you swallow, and it allows pressure to equalize.","OK, so for kids who are not healthy, what about them?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In turn (2), the speaker uses the phrase \"screaming their brains out\" to describe a child who is crying loudly. This is an idiomatic expression that means the child is crying very loudly and vigorously.","questions":"How does the speaker describe a child who is crying loudly in turn (2)?","answer":"Loudly"}
{"text":["Correct.","And that's the idea?","That's exactly the idea and that's where we are today. So you kind of keep the country in limbo. And you say, as long as there's no election then I get to be president.","Have there been any calls for President Kabila to be investigated, forced to step down, impeached, put on trial for violating the constitution?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implies a question as to whether any action has been taken to remove President Kabila from power.","questions":"Which President's actions are being questioned?","answer":"President-Kabila"}
{"text":["Some folks get a little bit cranky about having to work on the holiday. It's a day that, you know, most of us spend with our family and friends. How do you feel about working on a day that most people get off?","Folks that work in NASA have a common bond of a real passion for the space program. So, we wouldn't be here if we didn't have that. And obviously, we'd like to be with our families, but if we can't be there, then the next best place to be is working on a space mission.","So, you know, we've been doing a space station for 10 years straight, and there's been someone here every year for every holiday. And beyond holidays even, you know, one of the crew members on board is having their wedding anniversary just yesterday, and tomorrow's one of the birthdays of one of the flight directors working the flight.","So, we all kind of take care and bond together and take care of each other. And we're having a Thanksgiving dinner here that management's all bringing in for the flight controllers that are working, and we try to shift people out so that, you know, there's three shifts so that people do get some time at home."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : People work on holidays and other special days on the space station","questions":"Which space station crew member is celebrating their birthday tomorrow?","answer":"Birthday"}
{"text":["What - the more typical word that I hear from younger evangelicals is a sense of not knowing what to do. Many of them can't in good conscience vote for either Donald Trump or Hillary Clinton. And I think that it's going to take several months before we even know what the answer to that is going to be.","Can you explain what part of Donald Trump's message is working with religious voters so that they would overlook maybe even some of their basic Christian beliefs to support him?","Well, I think it is the fact that many religious conservatives believe that the Republican Party has not only taken them for granted but made fun of them behind closed doors. And so I've heard from those who are supporting Trump their vote for Trump is really a vote to kind of shut the entire system down and start all over again. I think that's a very common sentiment.","Russell Moore of the Southern Baptist Convention, thanks so much for joining us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"not knowing what to do\" - the literal meaning is that they are unsure of what actions to take, but the actual meaning could be that they are struggling to reconcile their religious beliefs with their political choices.","questions":"Which sentiment is common among those who are supporting Trump according to A?","answer":"Shut"}
{"text":["We're talking about huge issues here like, you know, what's the difference between the generations, between the Vietnam war generation and the younger generation?What's the role of African Americans in leadership in society?Is there a glass ceiling for women to break through?These are huge societal issues and they're being represented by these larger than life candidates.","Speaking of archetypes and demographics when it came to the primary season, how did Senator McCain stack up not just against Senator Obama, but also Senator Clinton?","Yeah, absolutely. The best way to see the primary campaign, you know, the first five months of this year is really too see it as a three-way race rather than a two-way race. And basically the major contest was between the young, attractive, good-speaking oratorical black man and the experienced glass-ceiling breaking woman, and the wily grizzled vets came in, sort of had a third place role there, but nevertheless got some coverage. If you rank - once ranked the number of minutes that they got, Obama got most of the - Rodham Clinton got second, and McCain got about half as much as Obama got.","All right. Just very briefly, what do you see ahead in terms of the parity or lack thereof for Obama and McCain?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Senator McCain's demographic characteristics were compared to Senator Obama and Senator Clinton.","questions":"What was compared between Senator McCain and Senators Obama and Clinton?","answer":"Demographic"}
{"text":["This got a no.","So the applicant explained when they applied for this. They said, quote, \"It has no meaning. I just want to get it because I like it. That's it. \"The DMV recognized very quickly - they said 420 - national smoke day - 420 - marijuana. So it's a reference to marijuana and cannabis.","Sorry, Eddi. All right. Here's the next one.","UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #1: H-O-T-N-S-X-E. Hot and sexy."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #1: H-O-T-N-S-X-E. Hot and sexy.  In this turn, the literal meaning of the letters spelled out is \"H-O-T-N-S-X-E\", but the actual meaning is \"hot and sexy\".","questions":"Which word is spelled out in turn 3?","answer":"HOTNSXE"}
{"text":[". . . (Laughter) In our house. And suddenly, we're being taken to go and see \"Gone With The Wind\" in the cinema.","(Laughter).","So for me, I just remember this incredible sense of vertigo and glancing at my mother constantly, like, is this OK?Are we allowed to do this?","How did working on this make sense of your childhood for you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) In turn (1), the speaker uses the phrase \"taken to go and see\" to mean that they were brought to see the movie \"Gone With The Wind\" in the cinema. The phrase \"taken to go\" does not have a literal meaning that makes sense, but it is a common idiom that means to be brought or escorted somewhere.","questions":"What movie did the speaker see in the cinema?","answer":"Gone-With-The-Wind"}
{"text":["So to me, I'm not blaming what took place in El Paso on the politicians. What I am saying is that our political climate may very well serve as a facilitative platform for these crazy, extreme actions and ideas to be made manifest. So all of us need to build firewalls immediately. That's what I'm saying.","The question, though, I think, Reverend Rodriguez - I'm sorry, you just cannot escape the fact that many people feel that this president exacerbates these tensions in a way that few other national leaders do. I mean, telling people to go back where they came from, you know, who are people who happen not to be white - you know, when three of the four people he told to go back where they came from are people of color - I mean, how is that - how do you not account for that?I mean, how do you address that?","Again, I don't sign off on absolutely everything Nancy Pelosi, Donald Trump, Mitch McConnell, Chuck Schumer or Kevin McCarthy may tweet or declare. I don't. I'm not the endorser of anyone. And I have pushed back on statements that I do believe do exacerbate the very climate and culture that I just referenced. Indeed. But to put the onus exclusively on the president when on the other side of the aisle there are calls of uber-racism and absolutely. . .","When has Nancy Pelosi ever told anybody to go back where they came from?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : President Trump's remarks contribute to tensions and exacerbate racism","questions":"How do some people feel about the President's remarks?","answer":"Exacerbates"}
{"text":["Oh, the subpoena is the basic working tool of these investigations. It can be a single piece of paper that demands that the witness show up on pain of contempt. Or it can also be a subpoena of the kind that seeks documents, including digital material like emails. By bringing in a witness, they cut through a lot of the stalling. And by demanding the documents, they have the materials to pin the witness down in the questioning.","And what about the value of closed-door sessions?Jared Kushner, the president's son-in-law and top adviser, met with the committee behind closed doors this week. What's the value of that to the committee even as it frustrates the public a bit?","Well, there are pluses and minuses to it. It's best if it's a preparation for a public session. Committee staff, for example, will do a behind-closed-doors questioning very thoroughly and minutely using documents in a way that you don't see so much in a public session. So it can be good preparation. It's also, in this particular situation, it's possible that there's a mixture of classified and non-classified material and you sort that out during the behind-closed-doors.","It sounds like you're describing a dress rehearsal or something like that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : is a private meeting between people, while the actual meaning of \"dress rehearsal\" (","questions":"How would you describe a closed-door session according to PersonB's understanding?","answer":"preparation"}
{"text":["You know, let's just take a look at Los Angeles' demographics. You have people from incredibly wealthy to incredibly poor. You have immigrants, native-born people who've come here from other parts of the U. S. , people, of course, who were born here. How do you think L. A. 's demographics affect the need for public transportation?","Well, clearly there is a very serious need here in the region. We are very geographically dispersed in other words. We have suburbs that extend for miles in every direction. So the need for a broad-based transportation system that depends on a lot of bus service is particularly important in our region. Here in the downtown area, we do have a more extensive rail network that starts in the downtown region and then extends outwards.","But again, that's only the metro services. There are also Metrolink services and Amtrak services that serve more of the Southern California region. So there are lots of transportation choices here, and it would do people that are trying to save money well to look into these services.","Finally, is the federal government supporting the system at all?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Los Angeles is a diverse city with people from all backgrounds.","questions":"How does the diversity of Los Angeles affect public transportation?","answer":"Broad-based"}
{"text":["You know, one of the things - you know, getting back to your book, \"The National Team\" - one of the things that your book makes clear and what some people frankly might find shocking is just how early these issues started for women's soccer. I mean, there's something almost like on every other page about this. I'll just read one one paragraph. (Reading) While each player on the men's team got a $10,000 bonus for qualifying for the 1990 World Cup, the women received only a couple of T-shirts for qualifying for the 1991 Women's World Cup. The shirts featured the logo of Budweiser, a U. S.  Soccer sponsor. The players sarcastically call them their $5,000 T-shirts.","(Laughter).","OK. I just, you know - how has this been justified through the years?","You have to admire the sense of humor that the players had about it. You know, I think it would be unfair to sit here and say that it hasn't improved. But U. S.  Soccer - the women's national team started in 1985. The players were given uniforms that were clearly, like, leftover men's uniforms. And?The players before the first ever U. S.  Women's National Team game were up the night before sewing and cutting their uniforms so they would fit."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Despite being the champions, the female players were not given the same bonus as the male players, showing the inequality in the sport industry.","questions":"Which team received a $10,000 bonus for qualifying for the 1990 World Cup?","answer":"Men's"}
{"text":["The tornado that struck Oklahoma this week was classified as an EF5, highest ranking on the Enhanced Fujita scale. And if you've seen the pictures from Oklahoma, you have a sense of how powerful it was. And this storm visited towns that have been struck in the past. Moore, Oklahoma, had been hit by another EF5 in 1999. In fact, if you look at a national map of tornado probability, you'll see a kind of bull's eye radiating out right from around Moore. But why is that?What makes some parts of the country so susceptible to tornadoes?Basically, why does Tornado Alley exist at all?","Joining me now to talk about how tornadoes form and how our understanding of tornadoes is linked to our ability to predict them is Marshall Shepherd. He's the president of the American Meteorological Society and the director of the Atmospheric Sciences Program at the University of Georgia. Welcome back to the show, Dr.  Shepherd.","Oh, always happy to join you.","So tell us why. Why is it that some parts of the country are so twister prone?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The bull's eye reference isn't literal. It means that on a map, Moore, OK is the center of a lot of tornado activity.","questions":"What is the center of tornado activity on a map?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["They do. The students often say things like, but I just want to fit in. I want to look like everyone else. And the people next to me aren't reading braille, so why should I?","So answer the question. Why should they?I mean, if it's easier to get along without having to rely on braille, tell me why you think it's still important. I'm just wondering if you're having a hard time making the case to parents as well as the students.","It's really not a hard sell to parents because we show them the data. We give them evidence that suggests students, when learning braille, they're more likely to get employment and have greater academic gains as while later in life.","How did you learn braille, by the way?Do you mind if I ask?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Learning braille has practical benefits for students' future employment and academic success.","questions":"Which benefits?","answer":"Practical"}
{"text":["How long has this been going on, and how did it start?It sounds like there's a culture of this.","Well, that's a great question. We've seen the number of arrests, at least for juveniles, ticking up in Pinellas in the last few years. It does spread very socially. They're sharing everything from what they're in to who they can pick up to who needs a ride to cop sighting - you know, stay inside, the narcs are out - on Facebook, on Instagram. One girl was arrested after an Instagram photo appeared of her inside the car that police were looking for with the caption, GTA squad, just grand theft auto.","Sounds like they're almost seeing it like \"Grand Theft Auto\" videogames.","Perhaps, it's been brought up before. But it certainly seems like a real life one playing out on our streets. And it's very dangerous. Kids in stolen cars in Pinellas crash every four days. We've had, you know, horrific t-boning accidents, where police cars go up in flames. We've had kids themselves getting injured."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) - \"Grand Theft Auto\" videogames is a metaphor for the risky and dangerous activities the juveniles are engaging in.","questions":"What is the metaphor for the risky and dangerous activities the juveniles are engaging in?","answer":"Metaphor"}
{"text":["Well, the - there in every single state, and the data changes state by state, but in every single state, there is a huge disproportionality between the number of particularly African-Americans, but also Latino youths, who wind up in high-level facilities, as opposed to Caucasians youth who wind up in high-level facilities.","And by high level you mean the higher security, more. . .","I mean, higher - yes, more intensive, more secure facilities. Ironically, or maybe not so ironically, when you look at high - facilities that have a high-level of treatment, you'll see disproportionally white youth in the high-level of treatment facilities. But from the very first day, when we start with arrests, which I'm sure you're very familiar with, but moving on through the system, there is continuous and increased disproportionality.","That doesn't even deal with the real disproportionality in the system, between families that have assets, and the families that have fewer assets. So, youth in the juvenile justice system are primarily African-Americans and Latinos that are almost entirely low-income youth."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker clarifies that 'high-level' means more intensive and secure facilities.","questions":"What is the meaning of 'high-level'?","answer":"Intensive"}
{"text":["And there was hell to pay. And there was hell to pay, first weeks, then months, then years, then decades. This story did not go away. And, you know, an assassin was hired to go to Tuskegee to kill Booker T.  Washington. He was pursued wherever he went. Theodore Roosevelt was criticized in ways that presidents were not criticized. There were vulgar cartoons of Mrs.  Roosevelt that had never been done before. This was all new territory.","Obviously, the president was criticized but it did not prevent his re-election a couple of years later.","No, it didn't. But there were some interesting spinning sessions that went on among Republicans. One, was to turn the dinner into lunch because it seems that lunch would be a less objectionable meal, and. . .",". . . so the story went that, no, you know, Booker T.  Washington didn't go to the dining room at the White House. He was sitting in the office, and they got hungry and they ordered a tray. And by the time they were finished, there was barely a sandwich on it. And that seemed to make the meal a little more palatable in the South. But - and this persisted for decades actually until finally in the '30s, a journalist asked Mrs.  Roosevelt, was it lunch or was it dinner?And she checked her calendar and she said, it was most definitely dinner."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"And there was hell to pay\" - this is an idiomatic expression meaning that there were severe consequences or punishment for something that happened. It does not literally mean that there was a payment made to the devil or hell.","questions":"How was Theodore Roosevelt criticized in ways that presidents were not criticized?","answer":"vulgar"}
{"text":["What if Dr.  Martin King Jr.  were alive today?Would he be proud of America's progress on civil rights?Maybe he'd say we let him down by allowing the activism that fueled his movement to die from neglect. And what would King think of Obama's historic White House bid?Can you tell us anything new about his own assassination?","In his new book, \"What Would Martin Say?,\" Clarence B.  Jones uses King's life and speeches to guess where the late reverend might stand on the Iraq war, affirmative action and black leadership. Jones knew King well. He was one of the reverend's closest advisers. Jones even helped write the famous \"I Have a Dream\" speech.","Clarence Jones, welcome to NEWS & NOTES.","Hi, thank you so much. Glad to be here."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The book \"What Would Martin Say?\" uses King's speeches and life to guess his possible stance on current issues such as the Iraq war, affirmative action, and black leadership. The author, Clarence B. Jones, who was one of King's closest advisers, provides his interpretation of King's views.","questions":"Which book uses King's speeches and life to guess his possible stance on current issues?","answer":"What-Would-Martin-Say?"}
{"text":["Take Darwin, for example. His theory of evolution by natural selection, the key to that theory, the way favorable traits are passed on, it's through genes. The only problem is Darwin did not understand genetics. In fact, his original idea of how inheritance worked would have been discredited. It would have discredited the whole process of evolution.","And it's just one of the fascinating stories in my next guest's book, \"Brilliant Blunders: From Darwin to Einstein. \"Mario Livio is the author. He's also an astrophysicist at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore. Welcome back to SCIENCE FRIDAY, Dr.  Livio.","Thank you for having me, Ira.","All these people made great mistakes."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : having me implies hosting me and where someone is a guest ","questions":"How was Dr. Livio welcomed back to SCIENCE FRIDAY?","answer":"Welcomed"}
{"text":["What the government says they're doing is addressing the problem with intelligence, which means being aware of rifts like this inside the gangs before they become violent. Fifty-five dead shows that that strategy failed here. And the governor says he's not renewing the contract of the private company that runs these prisons. Now they are taking these transfer measures. You know, they're using the intelligence that they have to transfer some gang leaders to a maximum security prison and then moving 200 other inmates who they say have received death threats. And that's their measures right now. The city is also under alert. There are police on the streets making sure this doesn't spill out into gun violence on the streets. And, you know, we'll see over the next few days whether that can contain even more possible violence.","Interesting that you say it's a private company that is running these prisons. Given that, why are these facilities so out of control?These are profit-making enterprises.","Watchdog groups have been sending out red flags about prison overcrowding in Brazil for many years now, and so it really is a political will issue. Many experts, after the tragedy of the past few days - including a U. N.  spokesperson yesterday - say that to really address this problem, you have to reduce overcrowding. And countrywide, prisons are around 70% over capacity and around 137% in this state alone.","Just quickly - Brazil's new president, Jair Bolsonaro, is a guy who talks tough on crime. Has he said anything about this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The government failed to prevent the gang violence despite claiming to address the problem with intelligence.","questions":"How did the government address the problem of gang violence?","answer":"Intelligence"}
{"text":["You've been speaking with current and former EPA staffers. What is the mood like at the EPA right now?","It's not good. I think that - you know, one person told me that they worry that there is a lot of backstabbing going on. There is some paranoia about where these leaks are coming from because a lot of the information would have had to come from someone very close to the administrator. And so there's some finger-pointing over that. And then when you talk to the career officials - the people who have worked for EPA and previous administrations as well - they get the feeling that there's no way that leadership could be focusing on policy right now because they just have controversy after controversy to address.","Last week, Pruitt announced he would roll back Obama-era auto emissions standards. President Trump and his supporters really like what he's been doing at the EPA. He's been very popular among conservatives and the president. Just briefly, how have these ethics questions affected his ability to do his job?","Well, I think that - the people that I've talked to said that meetings were proceeding and that things were still moving forward. But it seems like this is all escalating. And there's a sense that more stories will be coming - that journalists are working on other tips that they have and that public records are going to come out and show even more of this. And so I think a lot of the things he's begun - those are things that could be in the courts for years too."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : finger-pointing implies making of accusations or blame and not pointing one's finger at a place ","questions":"How is the mood at the EPPersonA affected by the accusations in the agency?","answer":"Backstabbing"}
{"text":["So, you're skeptical about a car czar. You think that there should be loans, though, with strict provisions attached to them.","Right, right.","What else?What else needs to be done?I mean, this is a massive, massive problem, and two of the three are facing extinction at this point.","Don't forget, what's putting them in this condition is the economic, you know, the economic condition of the nation right now. But the kind of fixed-cost structure that these auto companies have is massive, massive losses that have to do with what's happening to demand."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : None of the turns in this conversation have a figurative or non-literal meaning.","questions":"What is the stance of PersonA towards car czar and loans?","answer":"Skeptical"}
{"text":["We cannot tell each time because the publicly available data on Facebook is not - doesn't show you everything. But in many countries, like in Spain, it was actually pretty much two individuals running a coordinated network of pages to spread their message. One was a bit more publicly known. The other one was just, I think, a pensioner in some small island in Spain. And then we saw it all across. Like, it's very fringe-type, sometimes white nationalist. Again, we did not find much political affiliation - only in Germany, where even local and regional AFD politicians were involved in setting up fake and duplicate accounts and be friend with them. And that worried us, as well.","The AFD being that - the far-right party in Germany.","That's right.","Here in the U. S. , as authorities have tried to track disinformation across social media, a lot of the trail has led back to Russia. That's been very much in the headlines here. Did you find that in your investigation in Europe?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Individuals in Spain coordinated network of pages to spread their message","questions":"How were the individuals in Spain spreading their message?","answer":"Pages"}
{"text":["Well, the Republican reaction is pretty typical. Whenever we see Donald Trump act like a stress test on democratic institutions, Republicans in Congress are usually silent. They don't seem to be concerned by the president involving himself in an internal investigation or openly calling for the Mueller investigation to end unless they are Republicans who are not running for re-election. So we have heard some criticisms from Republicans who are planning to retire. In the past, Republicans have come to the defense of Attorney General Jeff Sessions because the president has relentlessly humiliated and criticized him. And Republican senators have stood up for Sessions. He's become a kind of proxy for the rule of law. What we don't know is if firing Bob Mueller is a kind of red line for Republicans in Congress. That's really the big question.","So what do we know about the Justice Department?What are they saying about all this?","Well, there has been pushback from former DOJ officials who say this firing was inappropriate. We also know how Andrew McCabe has reacted. He said he was singled out and treated this way because of what he witnessed in the aftermath of the firing of James Comey. He says that he was fired to undermine the credibility of the Mueller investigation. We also know that McCabe made contemporaneous notes just like his boss, James Comey, did. All FBI agents are trained to do this. And coincidentally, James Comey is about to embark on a book tour, one of the highest-profile book tours ever.","Yes."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Republicans in Congress are not doing enough to hold Donald Trump accountable for his actions and words","questions":"How are Republicans responding to Donald Trump's involvement in the internal investigation and the Mueller investigation?","answer":"Silent"}
{"text":["I'm Farai Chideya and this is News & Notes. Staycation. It's one of those newfangled words that's caught on fast. A vacation is when you vacate. You take off, you stay in a hotel, or camp out, or see the sights. A staycation is - well, you got it. With soaring gas prices and plane tickets, this was supposed to be the summer of staying at home. But was that prediction off the mark?If you're thinking about traveling soon or for the winter holidays, what should you keep in mind?With us to talk about both of those issues we've got Madeline Nunn, senior travel agent with the Richmond, Virginia, branch of the American Automobile Association, or Triple-A. Hi, Madeline.","How are you?","I'm great. So, back in May, a Rand McNally survey found that two-thirds of Americans planning road trips this summer said they would shorten their trips or cancel them all together. Summer is wrapping up, so what actually panned out?","Well, actually, the staycation thing is sort of a myth, so to speak, because Americans are traveling. They're traveling because they are hard-working and they need the rest and the revitalization. They need this vacation. So, what we're finding is that they're not staying home, per se. Some are just staying a little closer to home. And sometimes they're limiting the length of time that they may take for this vacation."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Americans are limiting the length of their vacations.","questions":"Which aspect of Americans' vacations are they limiting?","answer":"Length"}
{"text":["Putin has, shall we say, not excluded the possibility that he may want to run again for yet another term. He is aware that a lot of people didn't want to come - him to come back this time, even amongst with his own closest collaborators. So he is not trying to drive home the point that, you know, you get 12 years of me now. He says, we'll have to see, and for a lot of people, that's a hopeful possibility.","Ambassador Sestanovich, thanks very much.","Thanks a lot.","Stephen Sestanovich of the Council on Foreign Relations joined us by phone from here in Washington. Tomorrow, Henry Louis Gates, Jr.  on a new collection of his writings on race, culture and politics. Join us for that. I'm Neal Conan. It's the TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Putin has not excluded the possibility of running again for another term: Although Putin is not making any firm commitment, his statement suggests that he is considering running for another term in the future. This is an example of implied meaning, as Putin does not explicitly say that he will run again.","questions":"What is Putin's stance on running for another term?","answer":"Considering"}
{"text":["Yeah, you know, there was a lot of that. From our point of view, what we were looking to do was to serve and engage readers. And it was not our intention to look in the window of another bookstore that might be five miles away. And some of the press like to say we opened up in order to put these people out of business, which I thought was ridiculous. But we kind of ignored it and just moved on.","Jumping forward a few years, the digital book revolution changed things tremendously. And at one point, Barnes & Noble put a lot of energy into its own Nook e-reader. . .","Yes.",". . . Thinking it would really kind of be its salvation heading towards the future. But it didn't really work out that way. You know, could it be that the future of books really is going to be good old-fashioned print?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"digital book revolution\" - this is a metaphorical expression that refers to the rapid shift towards digital formats in the publishing industry.","questions":"What is the metaphorical expression used to describe the shift towards digital formats in the publishing industry?","answer":"Metaphorical"}
{"text":["Yeah. That is right because he has been uploading a number of videos on YouTube. He was calling, basically, for the killing off of nonbelievers.","You talk about wanting the authorities to take action against Zaharan. But did you get any sense in recent years that he was attracting followers or that you saw men being drawn to radical groups?","At the time, you know, we thought that Zaharan was a loner and that, you know, he had no major following as such, except a few people in his hometown. But in 2018, December, we realized that there were basically a bunch of youths going around and damaging Buddhist statues. And we found out that Zaharan has been their mentor.","So this was in one particular village. You're saying that back in December of 2018, there were some young people who defaced some Buddhist statues."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"calling for the killing off of nonbelievers\" - This phrase does not literally mean that the person is calling for the killing of nonbelievers, but rather it suggests that the person is promoting violent extremist ideologies and possibly inciting violence against nonbelievers.","questions":"How does the statement describe the meaning of the phrase \"calling for the killing off of nonbelievers\"?","answer":"Promoting"}
{"text":["This is ALL THINGS CONSIDERED from NPR News. I'm Michel Martin. Immigration, both legal and unauthorized, has been a central issue for Donald Trump since he announced his candidacy for president. Last week, he announced his plan for an overhaul to the current system, which emphasizes family ties and employment, moving to a system that would prioritize certain education and employment qualifications.","Overshadowing all of this, however, is the huge backlog of immigration cases already in the system waiting to go before the courts. More than 800,000 cases are waiting to be resolved, according to The New York Times. We wanted to get a sense of how the immigration courts are functioning now and how the new system could affect the courts, so we've called Jeffrey Chase. He is a retired immigration judge in New York. He worked as a staff attorney at the Board of Immigration Appeals. We actually caught up with him at the airport on his way back from a conference on national immigration law, which was held in Austin, Texas.","Mr.  Chase, welcome. Thank you so much for joining us.","Thank you. Yeah, it seems appropriate to be at JFK Airport talking about immigration. So. . ."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker finds it fitting to talk about immigration at JFK Airport due to its connection to travel and border control.","questions":"How does the speaker feel about discussing immigration at JFK Airport?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["Committee will come to order.","Intelligence Committee Chairman Adam Schiff was the one swinging that gavel and overseeing the hearing with Acting Director of National Intelligence Joseph Maguire. Chairman Schiff, welcome back to the program.","Thank you. Great to be with you.","Let me first ask you about one big revelation in the whistleblower complaint, which is that after President Trump asked Ukraine's president to look into the Biden family, the White House locked down all records of the call, putting them into a separate electronic system to handle especially sensitive classified information. Have you ever heard of a White House doing something like that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The complaint was about someone that exposed something being done illegally by another person or group.","questions":"What was the complaint about?","answer":"Illegal"}
{"text":["The weather forecast is planning for 600 millimeters of rainfall in the coming days, which is twice as much as the quantity of rain we have seen in Beira after the first cyclone, which is really concerning because in Beira, the situation was very bad. So if the weather forecast turns out to be correct, the health and sanitation situation here will worsen, and it will be harder to access areas with food as well.","The recovery effort after Cyclone Idai was already facing a funding shortfall. Do you think relief organizations will have the resources they need to respond to another disaster?","We definitely need more support from the international community. We are expecting that our financial need will raise very quickly as we see that the situation is worsening now in the north of the country. But we are able to respond nonetheless because we already had means on the ground. We had a team that was quickly able to deploy. And we have two helicopters that just arrived today in Pemba. And we'll be able to fly as soon as tomorrow if the weather permits.","What do you think are going to be the biggest concerns in this region going forward?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : There will be significant concerns in the region moving forward.","questions":"What will be significant in the region moving forward?","answer":"concerns"}
{"text":["Thank you.","I want to reiterate what Tovia just said and be absolutely clear that as far as NPR News is concerned, we have confirmed only what you just heard that Tovia say - in that there were two explosions along the route of the Boston Marathon quite close to the finish line. The explosions occurred not on the route itself but in the area where there were thousands of spectators watching. We do know that there were injuries. We cannot confirm how many people have been injured or how severe those injuries are. We will, of course, continue to get details on that.","And as you heard Tovia say, there will be a briefing soon from the Boston Police Department and perhaps some other agencies in Boston. We will bring you details as we know them. Certainly if you are looking at any of these images, a warning to you, they are quite graphic, very upsetting and some violent, violent images coming from the route of the Boston Marathon. Our hearts and prayers are with the people who have been affected by the explosions there. Two explosions on the route of the Boston Marathon near to the finish line.","This is TALK OF THE NATION. Thanks so much for joining us. I'm Celeste Headlee."],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The images being shown are very graphic and violent, and our thoughts are with those affected by the explosions","questions":"Which aspect of the Boston Marathon incident is causing graphic and violent images to be shown?","answer":"explosions"}
{"text":["Well, I mean, on the one hand, you had - the Manafort indictment does not mention Trump. And - but the guilty plea that was unsealed involving this other campaign adviser, George Papadopoulos, does mention Trump. And the greater sort of uncertainty surrounds that guilty plea at this moment because it is a signal that they already have testimony from this person, already have emails and other records showing the extensive contacts of this person with others in the Trump administration. They're basically saying we know more than you guys think we do.","George Papadopoulos - has he been wearing a wire?","That's a good question. I mean, I think it's fair to assume that Trump's lawyers are looking at that question very carefully.","Carter Page and Hope Hicks, according to reports, are going to be questioned. Carter Page has a history with and in Russia, doesn't he?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) - \"Has he been wearing a wire?\" - This is a disguised way of asking if George Papadopoulos has been secretly recording conversations for the FBI as part of his cooperation agreement.","questions":"What is the question that PersonB asks about George Papadopoulos?","answer":"Question"}
{"text":["The way I coped with these disasters was seeing myself as the hero of my own story and thinking oh, okay, in the story, the guy survives. He doesn't kill himself. He doesn't commit himself to a mental hospital. He actually survives and thrives and overcomes these obstacles.","And in addition to that, you've also had kidney problems, and you talk really frankly about just how much strength it took you to do really basic things because you were constantly dealing with your body rebelling against you.","Yeah, I'm going through that right now. I'm on the top of the list for a transplant now, and I don't really want a transplant right now because I'm doing all right. So at this point, I'm kind of bring it on. I'm just, you know, I can take it.","What about the good stuff?There are many good things in your life, and two of them are Eva and Chet(ph), your kids. What are they like?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"seeing myself as the hero of my own story\" is a metaphorical expression meaning to view oneself as the protagonist in one's own life story and to take control of the situation.","questions":"Which expression did PersonA use to describe their coping mechanism during disasters?","answer":"Hero"}
{"text":["Well, it's interesting. What you find in the data is that Trump did very well among self-described evangelicals. But he did far better among self-described evangelicals who don't regularly attend church. Cruz destroyed him amongst evangelicals who go to church regularly.","And what's also important about that is there's a lot of evidence that white Americans who don't regularly attend church do worse economically and are much more pessimistic about the state of the country. And that's also what Trump tapped into, this sense of deep pessimism about the state of the country. And that pessimism is greater among Americans who don't regularly attend religious services.","And you just - according to your article, you don't see this in just one side of the political divide, do you?","No. What's interesting is that the same divide you see between Ted Cruz and Donald Trump voters, you also saw between Bernie Sanders and Hillary Clinton voters. So if you look at white Democrats, white Democrats who went to church were much more - religious institutions at all - much more likely to be Hillary Clinton supporters. Bernie Sanders much more likely to win the votes of those who did not regularly attend religious institutions."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Trump's success was driven by tapping into the deep pessimism felt by white Americans who don't regularly attend church, and this sense of pessimism is even stronger among them than it is among those who attend religious services regularly.","questions":"How did Trump tap into the sense of pessimism among white Americans who don't regularly attend church?","answer":"Pessimism"}
{"text":["And we're hearing from you on your cell phone at the kiosk now, and we should note that where you are is not too far from Fort Bragg, which is home to the 82nd Airborne Division. And apparently, a lot of the soldiers have been coming home, and how has that affected your business?","Well, I mean, all the economy has been affected, but we're not as bad because luckily, we do do a lot of things for the military. Their wives are still here, so it's constantly them bringing in things that they need to be shipped overseas or just little minor things, things for the babies. It does keep a good flow in, though.","You mentioned the babies. I hear there's been an upsurge in the birth rate there, 50 percent more recently. That's a lot of babies.","Well, the troops came home at the first of the year, and now, everywhere you look, it's women pushing strollers, or they're pregnant.","And so, what kind of stuff are people bringing to you at your kiosk there for these expectant mothers?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The military deployment has had a significant impact on the demographics of the town.","questions":"How has the military deployment affected the town's demographics?","answer":"Demographics"}
{"text":["Well, what would that serious diplomacy look like?I mean, I - the United States would have to - what?- accept a. . .","It's a fair question, you know, why diplomacy would work now when it's failed in the past. I think that the breakout is a game-changer for the United States because we're directly - become directly vulnerable to North Korea. But it's also a game-changer for China because they'll either - they'll have to live with the strategic consequences of a breakout, which could - are unknown. South Korea could reassess its non-nuclear status.","So I think the conjunction of factors that we can bring China into play would have the goal of obtaining a nuclear - a freeze to lock in North Korea at its current level of capabilities. And for China - I think the conjunction of factors is that for China, they would retain their buffer in North Korea. And they would prevent these adverse strategic consequences. North Korea would maintain its minimum deterrent, and the regime would remain in power. For the United States, it would prevent this breakout, and it would offer us a not-great narrative. But we would say that this is an interim agreement toward the long-term goal of denuclearizing the Korean Peninsula.","Well Mr.  Litwak, in the minute we have left, can you really trust any - the process of reaching or signing any agreement with a regime like North Korea's?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : North Korea's nuclear capabilities pose a direct threat to the United States.","questions":"What is the game-changer for the United States and China in relation to North Korea's nuclear capabilities?","answer":"Game-changer"}
{"text":["So are you surprised by these numbers?Is there anything in the report we haven't really heard before?","Unfortunately I wish I could say I was surprised. But it's pretty much an extension of what we've known going back for decades now, and that is that our path of tougher sentencing laws and higher rates of incarceration has really continued unabated. And at this point, as this report points out, we stand alone on the global stage with really no other peers in terms of our use of incarceration.","Can you break down the numbers by race?","Well, that's where the numbers are most compelling and most frightening. The one in a hundred number that got most of the attention, one in a hundred Americans are in prison or jail, obscures the underlying trends and the geographical concentration of incarceration, particularly among low-income communities of color. And once you look for young African\u2014American males, as the report points out, black men between the ages of 20 and 34, one in nine of them are in prison or jail on a given day."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The numbers highlight the overrepresentation of black men between the ages of 20 and 34 in the prison or jail population.","questions":"How are young African-American males between the ages of 20 and 34 represented in the prison or jail population?","answer":"20-34"}
{"text":["Tell me about it.","I was teaching in a program called Community Studies, which was an interdisciplinary program, work-study program. You'd go to school for a while, and then you'd go out and work, and then you'd come back and write about it. And there was a woman enrolled in one of my classes who had four kids, and a husband in San Quentin. Her third husband, by whom she had no kids. This was in the 1980s, when San Quentin was experimenting with conjugal visits. She'd say, Mr.  Young, I won't be in class because it's conjugal visiting day at the 'Q'. And so I finally ask her about it. And her body language was of two kinds. She was smiling and obviously joyous when she talked about how it was to go see her husband once a month.","And then her body language changed and she got very severe, and she sat up in her seat across from my desk, and she said, and when I get back to my - to Santa Cruz, and I'm trying to do my schoolwork and take care of my kids, do my job, he can't mess with me because he's locked up in the joint. And this kind of thing. So she had obviously solved her problems. She had her man, but you know, she didn't have to put up with him all the time. But the subtext of it is about our society's policy of just warehousing people, so it's a matter of priorities.","In your work as not just a poet but as a teacher, what's your mission?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The woman in the program had to balance schoolwork, work, and taking care of her kids while also visiting her husband in prison","questions":"How many responsibilities did the woman in the program have?","answer":"Three"}
{"text":["Well, the regulations that I'm most concerned with are the ones that could be causing issues in getting approvals, new chemistries approved for crops that we grow. Cuts to different agencies could cause approval processes to take longer, which certainly in times where you have different pests and things that need taken care of, whether it's plant pests or, in our case, we have cattle as well, and if there's problems there and we don't have the ability to treat our plants or animals well or with the latest tools - you definitely want things to be safe. But it seems more like it's being pushed to the back burner for political reasons. It's very frustrating as a farmer sometimes when you see needs for things and you know there's fixes coming but regulatory issues are holding them up.","I have to ask, has your business been affected by climate in recent years?","(Laughter) Well, in the agricultural business, everybody's affected by climate. You know, I think anybody that says there's not changes happening is somewhat naive. On the other hand, it's the things that we can do to figure out what things we can do long term to make sure we're, you know, in good position to continue to grow the crops that we have here in the U. S.  and hopefully be profitable in the future and continue to be, you know, the largest producer of food in the world.","Kevin Ross, who grows corn and soybeans and raises cattle in Minden, Iowa, thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The literal meaning of the turn is asking if Kevin Ross' business has been affected by climate in recent years. However, the implied meaning is to question if Kevin Ross has noticed any changes in the environment due to climate change.","questions":"Which type of changes is the question in turn 1 implying that Kevin Ross may have noticed?","answer":"Environmental"}
{"text":["And now, the EU countries, they're following suit on this.","That's right. I mean, you tend to sort of run out of superlatives these days. Indeed, when we look at the figures that are being available on the continent, Germany has approved a package of up to $680 billion, the French $500. The Spanish have set aside $130 billion.","Again, this sort of two-fold plan guaranteeing lending between banks, and taking stakes in financial institutions, similar to the United Kingdom. And again, Gordon Brown is getting a lot of kudos for being upfront, and right in front of the curve for doing this first.","Any sign that lending is indeed going on?Can people borrow?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : EU countries are also taking action regarding the financial crisis.","questions":"How much money did Germany approve for their financial package?","answer":"$680"}
{"text":["Yeah, just a little.","(Laughter).","Did the Roy Moore allegations come far enough before the election to swing the vote?Or are people just not telling pollsters the truth because it's a loaded subject?","Well, I think that Roy Moore was already pretty unpopular with a certain part of the Republican electorate in Alabama. So he has solid support among people who have known him for years and like what he's doing. But if you're a Republican who voted for Luther Strange, who was his primary opponent, you might be making the choice of, do I sit at home, or do I go out and vote for Doug Jones?","And I think what'll really, you know, end up swinging the election are these Republican voters who really just find what Moore did a bridge too far. They already didn't like him. And now this is just beyond the pale for them. So I do think, you know, in the polling average, it's not great for for Roy Moore at all. So we might definitely see a change. And I think Alabama being rated a toss-up is kind of a crazy thing to see. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This implies that the Voters who had two options of sitting at home during the election or they vote for Luther who is considered to be a clown than to vote for the unpopular Roy Moore.","questions":"What was the primary opponent's name?","answer":"Luther"}
{"text":["And the spider is still paralyzed.","That's right. So interestingly enough, if the egg doesn't hatch, the tarantula can actually recover and go on its way. But more often that larvae will hatch and eat its way into the living but still paralyzed tarantula, and it'll feed on that tarantula for several weeks. And at least some species will selectively feed on non-vital organs first to keep the tarantula alive longer.","What would happen to me if I stepped on this wasp?","The tarantula hawk is a bit infamous in that it has one of the more painful stings known to man. There are actually a number of sting pain indices and in all of these indices the tarantula hawk ranks right up top in that the pain associated with this sting has been described as traumatic, debilitating, instantly excruciating, so it's bad. You don't want to step on these guys."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker is indicating that they do not wish to continue arguing or debating a particular topic or issue, but would rather end the conversation and move on. The tone and context of the situation may affect the implied meaning, as the speaker could also be indicating a desire to maintain a respectful or friendly relationship with the listener, or they may be suggesting that the topic is not worth further discussion or disagreement. Additionally, the speaker may or may not be open to revisiting the topic at a later time or in a different context.","questions":"How does the speaker convey their desire to move on from a topic?","answer":"End"}
{"text":["There was no regulation at the time. I mean, the calves that they experimented on in the '60s came from Cooley's ranch. And when I was researching this, I heard this really bizarre story. And I asked - I had one source that I trusted implicitly. And I called her, and I said, I heard that Dr.  Cooley put a pig's heart in somebody. And she didn't bat an eye, and she said no, no, no, it was a sheep. Those were the days (laughter). You know, today, we have the FDA. We have hospital review boards. We have all kinds of things.","When you say artificial heart, you know, the first name that might come up is Robert Jarvik. I mean, some listeners might recall his name. He created a heart that kept Barney Clark, a dentist from Seattle - kept him alive for 112 days back in 1982. That was a huge story, huge story at the time. And that was a long time ago (laughter). Where are we today?Are people still getting artificial hearts implanted today?","It's interesting. Jarvik kept going. And there is a form of an artificial heart that Jarvik designed that's probably the best. But there is no total replacement. You know, a battery-operated - something that - they can cut you open, put this piece of titanium in, sew you back up, and you're good to go.","So from all your reporting, did you, you know, finish this up thinking, we're going to see an artificial heart in our lifetime?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : There is no fully functional artificial heart currently available","questions":"How is the current status of artificial heart technology?","answer":"No"}
{"text":["Well, yeah.","And - select which is the right kind of alcohol to put in there. Free test it.","Well, they - rum and bourbon.","Right."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A suggests using rum and bourbon for the recipe","questions":"Which spirits does PersonA propose for the recipe?","answer":"Rum"}
{"text":["No, not at all. And I've been pretty much apolitical my entire adult life. But this election is obviously quite different than previous presidential elections. So I just thought - I thought it was necessary to jump in and use my voice.","Why?","The prospects of Donald Trump being president just scare the hell out of me. And that's coming after having initially, you know, supported him and hoped that he would be 180 degrees different from what he turned out to be.","I mean, am I wrong?I seem to remember there was a time when you offered to be the running mate for either of them.","Oh, sure. Yeah, a lot of that was a little bit tongue-in-cheek. I didn't really expect that to happen. But, you know, there was a time when Donald first got into the race where I would talk to him on the phone."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"running mate\" - This is a metaphorical expression that means a person who is chosen to run for office with a presidential candidate.","questions":"What does the metaphorical expression \"running mate\" mean?","answer":"Partner"}
{"text":["You don't have to do that. You are not alone in this process.","(Laughter).","Really, when you're ordering a bottle of wine, you only need to give two pieces of information - one, your budget. And do not be ashamed. Do not be embarrassed. We all have a budget. Secondly, your taste. Now, that could be as specific as saying, I had an incredible Adelsheim Oregon pinot noir the other night - what do you have like that?Or it could be as broad as saying, I like things that smell like peach.","And from there, if you have a good sommelier, they're going to be able to guide you to the hidden gems on that menu. And I have to say, it's a pleasure to be able to have a conversation with someone about what they like and to take them on a journey through this glass of wine because a good glass of wine is that. I didn't believe it in the beginning, but I came around to really experience it as a way to travel through time and place without ever leaving your seat."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B's laughter does not have a literal meaning but is likely a response to something humorous or lighthearted in the conversation.","questions":"What was PersonB's response to the conversation?","answer":"Laughter"}
{"text":["We're getting a rare inside view of a massive Taliban attack in Afghanistan earlier this month. In that assault, the Taliban nearly succeeded in seizing control of a key provincial capital - city of Ghazni, about 90 miles from the Afghan capital, Kabul. In a matter of days, the Taliban offensive was halted, but the death toll and destruction were immense. Hundreds of Afghan civilians, police officers and soldiers were killed. U. S.  Special Forces and Army played a key role in crushing the attack. Nine of them were hurt - among them, two who sustained what will be lifelong injuries. Time magazine correspondent William Hennigan was reporting in Afghanistan at the time and was allowed to travel with the Green Berets to Ghazni. They had gotten a call that several Afghan helicopters were down. And they headed out to secure the area.","As they approached the city overnight, they were seeing that the city of Ghazni was on fire. And they knew that they had quite a fighting force to go up against. And the signs were readily apparent. Aside from the great fire that was burning in front of them, there was craters, IEDs, trucks that were standing like tombstones in the middle of the road. So the ODA had to muscle their way around these vehicles in order to push through to the city.","The ODA being the Green Beret unit.","That's correct. And while they're doing that, in comes mortar fire and RPGs and AK-47 fire. So it was not only a difficult task to punch into the city. It was also quite deadly because of the ambush that they had walked into."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : They used ammunition to make their way into the city.","questions":"Which weapon did the Green Berets use to push through to the city of Ghazni?","answer":"0"}
{"text":["Yeah. And the Curia is the administrative. . .","The Curia is basically the civil servants, the bureaucrats. Although, this weekend we do see that he has replaced Cardinal Muller, who was the prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith.","Can you tell us what that is for people who may not know?","The Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith deals with discipline within the church and doctrinal matters. But it also handles all cases of abuse and the disciplining of perpetrators of abuse, et cetera. So they are very much involved in actual cases of abuse that are brought to the church."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"The Curia is basically the civil servants, the bureaucrats.\" - The literal meaning of this turn is that the Curia is a group of civil servants or bureaucrats. However, the actual meaning is that the Curia is the administrative body of the Catholic Church, which includes the civil servants and bureaucrats but also includes the Pope and other high-ranking officials.","questions":"What is the Curia?","answer":"Administrative"}
{"text":["And then I decided to come out. Now it's been going on several hours. I'm several streets away from the Champs-Elysees, Scott, but the people - it's like it's the second revolution coming because people are turning over - they're building barricades in the street. We're still - we've got helicopters overhead. They're still firing tear gas. And everyone around me is wearing a yellow vest.","Now, fuel prices have gone up - I have read, I think - 23 percent over the past year. And protesters blame the government for this.","Well, the government - the French pay some of the highest gas prices in the world, like, about more than $6 a gallon, Scott. And the government says it's going to raise the taxes again in January to finance the transition to an ecological economy - you know, more environmentally friendly fuels.","And, you know, for people who have to drive to work - blue-collar workers, just everyday people - this is outrageous. They say they can't make it anymore, so they've come out into the street. And, Scott, this movement has no leaders. There are no unions behind it. There are housewives. There are retirees - regular people. There are people who have never protested before. So it's turned into a movement. No one knows where it's going to go now."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The social safety net is inadequate due to strict eligibility requirements and inadequate benefits.","questions":"How has the government's decision affected the protesters?","answer":"Fuel"}
{"text":["Do you have any explanation for that?Can you speculate on why that would be so different?","You know, it's just very curious. They must have - you know, they had time to go hands-on with all of the products that were involved in the case, and so they may have, you know, seen from prior art that they thought that it was very clear that the phones involved stemmed from this iPhone design and - but not so much the tablets.","There were several instances of tablets and tablet patented designs that existed before the iPad. So they may have thought that, you know, Samsung got their ideas from somewhere else.","So what's this going to do to buying a future Samsung or other brand that might - you know, has Apple put the fear in people of copying them now?","We'll have to see. So one of the biggest consequences that could come out of this verdict is that the price of Android devices could go up in the future because now Apple's - this portion of Apple's patent portfolio has been validated by the court system, and Apple can pretty confidently go forward and start suing any other Android hardware manufacturers it thinks are infringing on these patents."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The jury had access to all products involved in the case.","questions":"Which products did the jury have access to?","answer":"All"}
{"text":["And there were a lot of things we did with George, always trying to recover the Pinta population of tortoises.","But nothing worked out, huh?","Nothing worked out. George was never very interested in any other tortoises. He was pretty much of a loner. And if you think about his life on Pinta, he spent probably the first half of his life alone on that island, and maybe by the time he'd gotten company with other tortoises, he just wasn't too into socializing much anymore.","Now, what made him unique genetically?Why is he the last of his kind?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Nothing worked out.\" - The literal meaning of this sentence is that none of the attempts to recover the Pinta population of tortoises were successful. However, the actual meaning conveyed by the speaker is more negative in tone, suggesting that their efforts were futile and perhaps even frustrating.","questions":"What was the result of the attempts to recover the Pinta population of tortoises?","answer":"Futile"}
{"text":["It was really expensive. It was the most expensive substance on Earth at the time. We're talking about equivalent of 2. 2 million dollars for a single gram.","Wow. And in 1917, of course, with World War I cranking up, there was huge military demand for watches that you could see in the dark and dials that you could see in the - in the dark.","That's right. And as you said, this is when the book opens, so shortly before America joined the First World War. And once they did, of course, join that global conflict, there was this huge boom to the radium industry. Soldiers needed watches, and people needed it for the planes and the trucks and so on. And so the dial painters, who were the radium girls - they were employed to paint all these dials with luminous radium paint. And they were taught to lip point, so to put their brushes between their lips to make a fine point for the detailed handiwork.","To actually put the brush with the radium paint into their mouth."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  the workers were instructed to put the brush with the radium paint into their mouth, not just place it between their lips.","questions":"What were the workers instructed to do with the brush?","answer":"Mouth"}
{"text":["It's the first time we've described a new medicinal leech species from North America in 40 years. And it has a number of characteristics that make it as a new - considered a new species.","What's up with the three jaws?Is this common?","Most leeches in this group and other groups have three jaws, but the number of teeth in those jaws is more variable.","So why three jaws?What do they need them for?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"why do they need them for\" implies rather \"what would\" they need them for.","questions":"How can the three jaws of leeches be described?","answer":"Variable"}
{"text":["OK. So let me break down - let me ask you to break down what that means. What is the yield curve, and what does it mean when it's inverted?","So the yield curve represents interest rates at different maturities. So usually, it's the case that a longer-term interest rate has a higher rate than a short-term interest rate. So think of a certificate of deposit at your bank. If you lock your money up for five years, you expect to get a higher rate than, let's say, locking it up for six months.","But in certain rare situations, things get backwards, and it turns out that the long-term interest rate is lower than the short-term rate. And that's called an inverted yield curve. That's exactly the situation we've got right now. And it is a harbinger of bad news.","So unemployment is at a 50-year low. The GDP is growing. Does that have an effect on the yield curve?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The inverted yield curve is a bad sign for the economy.","questions":"Which curve is a harbinger of bad news for the economy?","answer":"interest"}
{"text":["So over the years, we've had competitions on piano, bass, drums, trumpet, saxophone, hand drums, vocals and have launched a number of careers. Marcus Roberts won our very first competition and Joshua Redman won the competition on sax in 1991. And there are many others from Jackie Terrason to Jay Manhide(ph) and others. And so, this year is the saxophone. We have a great panel of judges - the great Wayne Shorter, Jimmy Heath, Jane Ira Bloom, David Sanchez and Greg Osby are all coming out to judge this group of students.","They will be of young people. They must be under the age of 30, and they've been guaranteed a recording contract by the Concord Music Group. So the first place winner walks away with a recording contract along with a $20,000 scholarship. The second place has a $10,000 scholarship, and the third is five.","All right, I actually want to talk about someone. You've talked about a bunch of people who have been involved with this competition. But one of them is Lionel Loueke, a guitarist from Benin. And he thought that you were Herbie Hancock after he had auditioned for the Monk Institute. He's gone on to record a debut album for Blue Note, and let's listen to a little bit of him playing live in the NPR Studios in New York.","So, what do you hear when you hear his music?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : He is implying that the first place winner will get the prize.","questions":"How much is the first place winner rewarded?","answer":"$20,000"}
{"text":["Yes. We are quite cognizant of that. And most fundamentally, we are not inducing anybody to commit a crime. We're not asking for somebody to take something that was top secret. People need to make their own choices about what they think inside the government deserves public attention. That's not a decision for us to make. It's a decision for them to make.","The Obama administration was accused of invoking the Espionage Act to crackdown on leakers and pursuing whistleblowers more aggressively than any other administration in history. So why didn't you make this call under that administration?","Well, first of all actually, we have had a page for a long time on our site encouraging people to send us documents and information, including in secure ways. So the answer to that is we have been asking people. Why have we pushed it even farther now?Well, one of the reasons that we've pushed it farther now is because we have been hearing about ways in which federal employees are being told to keep quiet. And if people are being told to keep quiet, well, that means that there's a good chance that relevant information is not coming out that should be.","Haven't there been gag orders during the transition of previous administrations too?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The actual meaning of the third turn is that the speaker is implying that the current administration is trying to prevent important information from being released, and this is why they are pushing people to contact them with information.","questions":"Which administration is being referred to in turn 2?","answer":"current"}
{"text":["You have also done \"Celebrity Fit Club\" and you had a particular experience with a very tall object. Tell me about how you felt with that.","So they didn't tell me that it was boot camp. And when I found out it was boot camp I didn't know that I would be actually living on the premises in the woods. You take a person that every single weekend I'm standing on five-star hotels and now I'm living in a log cabin with Erin Moran who I grew up watching on TV, on \"Happy Days. \"So I'm star struck, I'm hungry, and I'm feeling like a girl scout. The day came for me to climb up a tower, and I totally panicked. I thought that I could do it, I wanted to do it, but my mind could not digest it. So here I am, over 35 years old, on TV, no eyebrows, no make-up, stuck in a harness crying with a head rag on.","How embarrassing. How. . .","I love how you mention the head rag because it's like. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : I am living in a log cabin with celebrity Erin and feel excited about the experience. When it was time to climb a tower, I panicked.","questions":"How did PersonA feel when it was time to climb the tower?","answer":"Panicked"}
{"text":["That's right, Book Club is coming. . .","SCIENCE FRIDAY Book Club has picked the September read, right?","Yep. It's \"Flatland. \"","Ooh, that's an old one."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The chosen book for the Book Club is Flatland.","questions":"How is the book for the Book Club called?","answer":"ancient"}
{"text":["Michael was 23. He was the son of Nelson, who was the governor of New York at the time. As you said, his father had opened the Museum of Primitive Art. So he was collecting primitive art from the Asmat, who were incredible, beautiful carvers. And he was on a makeshift catamaran in a lot of rough, turbulent water, and they got into trouble. And they ended up drifting. . .","Like, capsized.",". . . a day. And. . .",". . . capsized on this catamaran. He's there with this guy called Rene Wassing, the Dutch anthropologist, and his last words are: I think I can make it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In this turn, the speaker uses the phrase \"I think I can make it\" in an ironic or sarcastic manner. The actual meaning is that the person's last words were probably expressing optimism or confidence, but the speaker implies that it was unrealistic given the dire circumstances.","questions":"How does the speaker use the phrase \"I think I can make it\"?","answer":"ironically"}
{"text":["Stocks in two major computer chip companies - Qualcomm and Broadcom, two major ones - were down 6% today. Google dropped 2%. And this was after Google said it would stop supporting Android devices for phones made by Huawei because the company was on the Commerce Department's blacklist. Google is a major software provider for Huawei. And if these restrictions went on for months, Google could take a beating.","Correct me if I'm wrong here, Jackie, but didn't the U. S.  back off last year in a somewhat similar way shortly after blacklisting another Chinese telecom company?","That's right. It was a company called ZTE, and they were on the blacklist. And it went on for a while. And they were on the verge of bankruptcy. And this is a major Chinese corporation - almost went bust until the Trump administration reversed that decision and allowed U. S.  companies to supply it again. So it's the same sort of scenario. But, Mary Louise, the Trump administration has been tightening the screws on Huawei for months now in part because it has links to the Chinese government.","And U. S.  intelligence agencies believe Huawei could use its equipment to spy on the U. S.  and its allies. The administration asked Canada to arrest and extradite one of Huawei's senior officials. And administration officials have been fanning out across the world asking allies, pressuring allies not to use Huawei equipment. So up until now, it's been a full-court press by the administration to contain the company."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The drop in stocks of major computer chip companies is related to Google's decision to stop supporting Huawei.","questions":"What were the computer chip companies that experienced a drop in stocks?","answer":"Qualcomm,Broadcom"}
{"text":["A lawsuit was filed this week in federal court on behalf of a man who moved from Puerto Rico to Southeast Georgia in 2017. He applied for a driver's license after waiting at the required 30 days. The man, Kenneth Caban Gonzalez, says that an inspector from the Georgia Department of Driver Services confiscated his documents and asked him a number of trivia questions such as, who is Roberto Clemente, and what is the name of the frog native only to Puerto Rico?He alleges he also asked trick questions such as, where is Caguas beach?There is no beach in Caguas.","The lawsuit accuses the state of violating the Civil Rights Act by holding residents of Puerto Rico to more stringent requirements than it does transplants from other U. S.  states. The advocacy group Latino Justice is litigating the case along with the Southern Center for Human Rights. And with us now is Gerry Weber. He's a senior attorney at the Southern Center.","Welcome. Thanks so much for joining us.","Thank you for having me."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The trivia questions asked by the inspector were discriminatory towards Puerto Ricans.","questions":"What was the alleged discrimination based on?","answer":"Treasury"}
{"text":["Yeah. This is, again, completely innovative. You know, part of the problem that we have with tall buildings is building them all out of glass and then having to go to gymnastics to kind of cover them up on the outside, and we see that in America. But in intense solar environments like the desert, it makes even less sense.","This is an innovative way to control this. It actually, to my knowledge, for the first time creates this skin on the outside made up of, you know, hundreds of modules, which can open and close by computer control, depending on the angle of incident sun. So if the sun's on the other side of the building, the modules open up and allow natural daylight into the space. And if the sun is incident on the building, then those modules close up and block the sun from entering.","Is what makes a tall building great the ability to actually look like it fits in with the rest of the buildings in the neighborhood or the culture of the people?","I believe so. That's - you know, as a professor, that's the thing that I advocate. I believe that a Chinese tall building or a, you know, an American tall building or a Middle Eastern tall building should be different to each other in the same way that, you know, religious and other architecture is clearly identifiable."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"clearly identifiable\" - This is a figurative expression that means easily recognizable or distinctive, rather than literally being able to be identified with clarity.","questions":"What does the phrase \"clearly identifiable\" mean?","answer":"Recognizable"}
{"text":["Are they willing to let people die over that principle?","Oh, no. No, you don't - but to who - and that's such an interesting - I love that you got right to the college dorm part of the argument, you know - are you going to let people die?No one's going to let people die. You know, there's talk about - oh, my gosh, the Trump budget cuts Meals on Wheels. Meals on Wheels gets 3 percent of its funding, approximately, from government sources. Ninety-seven percent is people want to take care of their neighbors.","I. . .","People are not going to let their neighbors die."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  Oh, no. No, you don't - but to who - and that's such an interesting - I love that you got right to the college dorm part of the argument, you know - are you going to let people die? No one's going to let people die. You know, there's talk about - oh, my gosh, the Trump budget cuts Meals on Wheels. Meals on Wheels gets 3 percent of its funding, approximately, from government sources. Ninety-seven percent is people want to take care of their neighbors.","questions":"Which organization receives approximately 3 percent of its funding from government sources?","answer":"Meals"}
{"text":["And a few facts to guard those younger than you and me. Britain seized the Falklands in 1833, illegal then and illegal now, according to Argentina, which calls them the Malvinas. Every Argentine school child learns Islas Malvinas son Argentinas, but the roughly 3,200 residents adamantly insist they and the Falklands are and will always be British. But Jackson Diehl, none of that has changed since the end of the war three decades ago. Why has this dispute reemerge now?","I think it has to do with Argentine politics more than anything else. The reason the Argentine junta in 1982, military generals in charge at the time, invaded the Falklands, was they were desperate to distract popular attention from the fact that the economy was tanking and that they were losing their legitimacy. Now we have a civilian government in power, which, to its credit, doesn't want to invade the Falklands, but it has the same difficult economic problems again and it has the same problems with potentially losing legitimacy at home. And this is a very easy way to distract people.","This time, though, there is no hint of military action.","There isn't. And I think the interesting thing about this government is they have cut the Argentine military budget so severely in the last few years that even if Argentina wanted to invade the Falklands, they would be incapable of doing so. So that's one good thing."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using a euphemism or understatement to convey a more significant or sensitive message.","questions":"How is the speaker expressing their opinion in turn 3?","answer":"Euphemism"}
{"text":["I would never have imagined an Ebola epidemic going at this pace because all the prior epidemics - some 20 outbreaks since 1976 - have occurred in isolated, rural areas and been primarily a handful of family members co-infected coming into a medical facility, and then the medical facility itself became the amplifier of the infection.","But this one has broken all the rules. So for the first time, we really see classic, urban, person-to-person spread in Monrovia, in Freetown and in Conakry. It has also crossed borders. So we have three countries with three different sets of policies and skills levels. And it also hit countries that had been through two of the most brutal civil wars in modern history, civil wars that pitted clan against clan, village against the village so that as this began to unfold, it unfolded in an atmosphere of deeply embedded distrust to give us the worst Ebola epidemic in history.","Laurie, what about those people that think that this might be tragic, but it's on the other side of the world, got nothing to do with us?","I don't think there's many serious voices saying that sort of thing anymore. This week, when the Security Council convened and voted on a resolution related to the Ebola epidemic, it was cosigned by 130 other nations making it the most strongly-supported resolution in the history of the United Nations. One key element of that resolution is declaring that Ebola now represents a national security threat for every nation on Earth."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In (2), the speaker is responding to the idea that the Ebola epidemic is not relevant to people who are not directly affected by it. The speaker notes that the epidemic has spread to multiple countries with different policies and levels of expertise, and that the affected countries have a history of deep-seated distrust and conflict. The implied meaning is that the Ebola epidemic is a global issue that affects everyone, not just those who are directly impacted.","questions":"What is the Security Council's resolution on the Ebola epidemic?","answer":"Notmentioned"}
{"text":["I didn't. I've always had the theory that the shower scene works as well as it does because just beforehand, you have this quite long supper conversation between Normal Bates and Marion Crane - Anthony Perkins and Janet Leigh - which is the quietest, calmest moment in the film.","And it lulls you and it prepares you for the shocking, violent moment that is to come.","And so I went for that scene because I think it's a beautiful, beautifully acted scene and really, the heart of Anthony Perkins' performance. And I think that sometimes, an actor is essential. I don't know who else could have played that part.","That's interesting. So it's not the stab in the shower or the bridge blowing up that stays with us."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : implies that the quietness of the supper conversation before the shower scene prepares the audience to be shocked by the violent moment that follows","questions":"Which scene lulls the audience before the violent moment in the movie?","answer":"supper"}
{"text":["Well, you know, the military hardware is not my specialty. I kind of look at the refugees, so good for you. But what I do know and what we can count is that they have been pretty effective in taking down some of these planes. There was a MiG that was shot down outside of Damascus. And so, in effect, this is their homemade stinger, they're homemade SAM-7. And all of this stuff has been captured from Syrian airbases. They continue to ask for these weapons from the international community.","In some ways it's become a way to say, do you support us?And if you do, will you give us those weapons?I have talked to a number of military analysts who say they don't really need outside weapons. They are beginning to capture what they need.","NPR correspondent Deborah Amos on the border between Turkey and Syria. You're listening to TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News. And as the areas under rebel control expand, are there coalitions developing between these local groups that have liberated various areas?Are there frictions developing among these groups?","We asked that today in this small town, and there is a council that has formed there. But these are people who've never done this before. They have committees for finding flour for the bakeries. They have committees for the refugees. They have committees for cleaning up the town. But all of this is done with no money. And because what happens when you are in a, quote, \"liberated area,\" when the rebels liberate the area from the government, you are essentially under sanctions from the government."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The rebels are effectively using weapons they captured from Syrian airbases.","questions":"What did the rebels capture from Syrian airbases?","answer":"Weapons"}
{"text":["So this is the second year that the numbers are up. What kind of numbers are we talking about?","We are reporting four hectares of overwintering colonies. That's 9. 1 acres. That is the area that they occupy, so that is indeed very good news compared to last year where we only had a little bit over one hectare.","You've been out in the field with them. Just describe for our listeners what - if they haven't been able to see them, what these monarch butterflies look like when they come to stay in Mexico.","Once they arrive to Michoacan - which is the name of the state where the forests are and the state of Mexico - they congregate on fir trees.","High up in the mountains - I mean, it's quite a steep climb to get there."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) We are reporting four hectares of overwintering colonies.That's 9.1 acres.That is the area that they occupy, so that is indeed very good news compared to last year where we only had a little bit over one hectare.","questions":"Which area had a little bit over one hectare last year?","answer":"last"}
{"text":["The government sets the interest rates and so the banks can make a lot money. And if you're a Chinese person, you can't really get much of your capital out of the country. So where else are you going to put it?","One of the problems with the banks is that they tend to invest in state-owned enterprises. It's kind of part of their job, and it's less risky. But most of the jobs in China are really produced by private enterprise, as they are here in the United States. And it's much harder for them to get capital. So people are, in many ways, feelings that the economy is out of whack in a number ways and that there need to be some serious changes. The government knows this, but there are now very strong vested interests in state-owned enterprises and the banks. And so getting that done is not going to be easy politically.","And even some of those big industries who are in the, I guess, the equivalent of a China's Pittsburgh, the Steel City, and a couple of vast enterprises there, well, they've gone under.","The over-capacity in the steel is extraordinary, and the debt now is over $400 billion. It's actually owned by steel companies largely to Chinese banks. And it's going to take years to work through that over-capacity."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Chinese steel industry's overcapacity and debt are significant problems","questions":"What is the debt of the Chinese steel industry?","answer":"$400"}
{"text":["It's been, you know, the most difficult and the most rewarding. And as I've performed in America and in England, I've seen some of the slight language differences have actually come up between, you know, performances and altering things.","Joe, do you think that you've learned something about human nature, in other words, the things that the psychologists are trying to put - to quantify and put numbers on. Do you think that you've instinctively figured out some things about human nature, about how the mind works, and how perception works?","JOE #2: Absolutely. Absolutely. And it's the most rewarding part about being a magician, I think. And I think that anybody who would want to go to your public library and get, you know, the first book on card tricks or coin tricks or whatever interests you, you'll find that you'll learn way more than just how to do a trick at a party because it's in performing that trick at a party or for your friends or your family that you'll find that you get a little inside glimpse at the backstage of the human mind.","Interesting. Joe, thanks very much for your call. You're listening to TALK OF THE NATION on NPR News. Teller, we have an email that's just come in. Guess what the guy's name is."],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) The implied meaning is that the speaker has encountered some subtle differences in language between American and British audiences while performing, which has been challenging but also rewarding.","questions":"How has performing in America and England been for the speaker?","answer":"Challenging"}
{"text":["You know, I give him mixed reviews. I knew Daniel Hahn prior to him becoming chief. I am a former high school teacher. And I worked hand in hand with the police department. And in working with him, I truly, truly believed that he has a good heart and good intentions. But now that he's the chief of police, we have to hold him to the line of accountability and transparency.","Sonia, Stephon's death is the latest of several fatal shootings of black men by police across the country. And some of these killings are not well-known. But they're still happening. What do you feel needs to be done to address this?","You know, I'm of the mind set that our whole policing system needs to be dismantled and abolished. And we need to start over.","And what would that look like?","What that looks like here in Sacramento - what we have done successfully as a BLM organization is we've created community resources, alternatives to police. We have resources in the community that if this were to happen, call these people instead of calling the police.","Some of the protests that have been happening since Stephon was killed have been marches and protests that have filled streets and blocked traffic. Some protests blocked basketball fans from entering a sports arena. How far should the protests go?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker believes that the current policing system is irreparable.","questions":"How does the speaker think the policing system should be addressed?","answer":"Dismantled"}
{"text":["What I'm going to do next time or in the next few months is I'm going to get storm shutters put in my house. We have no plans on moving, though.","With the electricity restored, the whole family is moving back in today.","And how's baby William doing?","He's doing wonderful. He's eating and sleeping like a champ (laughter). And his big sister is loving her new role, so we're very happy."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker's baby and family are doing well and they are happy about it.","questions":"What is the PersonA's emotional state about their baby and family?","answer":"Happy"}
{"text":["And what makes them so good at invading?","Well, they share a suite of traits with a lot of the world's worst invasive ant species, one of which is that they are what's called super-colonial. And on a continental scale they can be called uni-colonial. What that means is that colonies don't recognize boundaries. There's no (unintelligible) population there's no aggression between crazy ants. All individuals in the population treat other individuals in the population as members of the same colony.","So you can take ants from any population in Texas, introduce them into another population in Texas or - I haven't tested this - but probably other parts of the Southeast, and they will join and work together. So that's - it really cuts down the costs of interest-specific competition and can allow the more efficient use of space in the environment they're in.","They also rely very heavily on sugary resources that they get from homoptera insects, things like aphids and mealy bugs. And they seem to be very good at exploiting these resources, which helps maintain their populations at very high densities."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : There's no aggression with ants that do not behave like normal ant colonies.","questions":"Which word describes the behavior of crazy ants towards all individuals in their population?","answer":"Same"}
{"text":["Then last week, we produced a segment on how third party candidates were affecting the presidential race. Daniel Rosenfield (ph) in Dallas, Texas, thanked us for interviewing Libertarian candidate Bob Barr. He writes, \"Bob Barr rarely receives any media attention, and you guys have given new hope for third parties. In this election year, where third parties are reaching new voter records, it is important to educate the people of America. \"","Listener Kevin Smith wrote in about an interview you did with comedian David Alan Grier about his new Comedy Central show, \"Chocolate News. \"He thinks Grier's comedy is funny, but too often crosses the line. He writes, \"When people like me stop laughing, and point this out, we're called uptight. No, I want to laugh like everyone else, but I don't want to do it at the expense of our dignity and progress. I'm sorry, but we're not in the same position as whites who wield power in this country. They can afford to satirize their leaders and ancestors, we can't. Leave Maya Angelou and MLK and the like alone. \"","And finally, Laura Tillman (ph) in Athens, Georgia, wrote us this. \"I moved to Georgia last year from Vermont, and was really happy to discover the NPR News & Notes program, which brought a perspective that was lacking from my old Vermont NPR station. However, I sometimes feel that the shows are a little rushed. Other than that, I thoroughly enjoy the show, and thank you for a job well done. \"","And thank you for your letters. Please keep your comments coming."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : keep your  comments coming means to keep talking","questions":"What did Laura Tillman (ph) in Athens, Georgia, say about the NPR News & Notes program?","answer":"Rushed"}
{"text":["He kept the Colombian restaurant's painting of a traditional Latin American market scene with a tiny cross perched on the archway. It dominates the whole hall.","So this is the story. In Islam, you can't remove a picture which has a cross in it. That was my wife's understanding. She - that's what she gave me to understand. And she said, don't ever remove this. And then this restaurant became very lucky for us. We - from being hand to mouth, we became self-sufficient. So this proved to be a lucky painting. Plus, this was a colorful painting, and this was all we could afford at the time. So we want to keep it, and we want to keep that cross as long as I'm alive and kicking.","It's a sign of how so many communities have built Houston into what it is today - influencing each other, melding into something unique. Lashkari has applied that to the dishes he serves. His signature chicken curry, cooked in huge metal pots in his sweltering, fragrant kitchen, is made with Mexican tomatillos and cilantro. It's incredibly delicious. And we ate that along with the best saag paneer, a spinach and cheese dish, that I have ever tasted.","We do a lot of fusion right now. This restaurant is famous for its fried chicken. It's fried the Southern way, but it's - the chicken - the raw chicken is marinated with Indian spices. My white gravy is made with cashew nuts and almonds and coconut. So it looks like a white gravy of the chicken-fried steak, but it's totally different."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Lashkari has applied that to the dishes he serves... His signature chicken curry, cooked in huge metal pots in his sweltering, fragrant kitchen, is made with Mexican tomatillos and cilantro. It's incredibly delicious. And we ate that along with the best saag paneer, a spinach and cheese dish, that I have ever tasted.\"  The actual meaning of this turn is different from its literal meaning. The speaker is not simply describing the food and its taste, but also highlighting the diversity and cultural fusion that has contributed to Houston's unique culinary scene.","questions":"Which dish did the speaker describe as the \"best saag paneer\" they had ever tasted?","answer":"Saag"}
{"text":["The president's reaction, they're happy with, I think. The alt-right - Lana actually - I asked her this specifically - I said, you know, what do you think about Donald Trump?And she said, let's be honest; he's not one of our guys. We've never thought that he was one of our guys.","But the more that he does not disavow the things that they believe in and either tacitly or directly supports them, the better.","Seyward Darby - her article \"The Rise Of The Valkyries\" is published in the September issue of Harper's Magazine. Thank you so much for speaking with us.","Thank you so much for having me."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Thank you so much for having me.\" - The literal meaning is the speaker thanking the host for having them, and the implied meaning is likely just gratitude and politeness.","questions":"Which word did the speaker use to express gratitude and politeness?","answer":"Thank"}
{"text":["This was back in 1982?","'82. But I think people thought, oh, my God, you know, you can't put a black person's heart in a white person. You cannot possibly put a woman's heart in a man. I mean, it's interesting that with the heart, sort of the emotions we ascribe to it get all wrapped up in the medical techniques also.","So they got beyond that. And you write about this group of researchers and doctors in Houston - big egos, big personalities and a big state (laughter). Tell us about these two pioneers who had this incredible rivalry that helped shape this field - Dr.  Denton Cooley and Dr.  Michael DeBakey.","When I started looking into it again, it was kind of like the right stuff for heart surgeons. These were people with outsized personalities and outsized wills. And the story really starts in Houston with the theft of an artificial heart from Michael DeBakey's lab. And DeBakey at the time was perhaps the most famous heart surgeon or surgeon in the world. And his nemesis was a guy named Denton Cooley, who, for a time, worked under him and got tired of waiting for Dr.  DeBakey to put this artificial heart in someone. So he purloined it with the man who had designed it into DeBakey's lab and put it in a man. And the operation, to some extent, was a success because the patient lived. And this became the most famous feud in medical history."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The notion of gender and race plays a significant role in the medical field.","questions":"How did people react to the idea of putting a black person's heart in a white person?","answer":"Reactions"}
{"text":["Yeah.","Why has the price gone up in recent years?","Prices will rise to whatever the market will bear, right?We see that uniquely in the U. S.  One vial of insulin in the U. S.  costs seven times what it does in Germany. So there's a huge disparity there. Some of the reasons have to do with reformulations of insulin that are, in fact, better than some of the older ones. Although, when I'm talking about that 1 in 7 price comparison, that's the same exact insulin.","In the U. S. , what's happened - and this is something that I know the Trump administration is looking at and many experts in the field have decried - the slow arrival of biosimilars or generic insulins onto the market, which are on the market in other countries. The problem in this country is the lowering of prices of insulin. And insulin patents have been held up in the courts for years now in suits and countersuits between the three big insulin drug makers, including by Eli Lilly, which is the former employer of our new HHS Secretary.","That's Alex Azar - has been appointed Secretary of Health and Human Services."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A's turn has a figurative meaning as it uses a common expression \"Prices will rise to whatever the market will bear\" to convey the idea that the prices of goods will be as high as the market can tolerate.","questions":"Which country's insulin costs seven times more than Germany's?","answer":"Germany"}
{"text":["Yes. You know, you will talk to Republicans and Democrats who will make very passionate cases that the other party will be to blame in this shutdown. I think shutdown politics are tricky. For one, we have a recent one in memory. The 2013 shutdown was largely driven by Texas Senator Ted Cruz, a member of the Republican Party. Republicans were seen as responsible for that shutdown. They went on to win big in the following midterm elections.","So the idea that being seen as the party that shuts down government will have electoral consequences, I'm not so sure Democrats view it that way.","Yeah. And the last shutdown lasted 16 days.","It lasted 16 days. If this one lasts as long as that, we will also be in a very interesting situation because President Trump's State of the Union address is 10 days from now. And I - my mind. . ."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In (2), the speaker implies that Democrats may not be concerned with being seen as the party responsible for the shutdown, even though it may have electoral consequences.","questions":"Which party's concern for electoral consequences is being questioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Democrats"}
{"text":["I was broke, and I like my wine, and then I saw this woman buying wine, and I was like, no way. And she even had fancy shoes on. I looked at her. She's like, it's really good. And so, I was like, so that's when I bought a Sauvignon Blanc. And I was like, I got wine for the summer, thank God. And that was when I started thinking, maybe there's food here too.","Turns out there was lots of food. Most of it brands she hadn't heard of before or in boxes that were slightly misshapen or discolored, but what was inside tasted just fine, she says. And with a bit of creativity, Christiane realized 99-cent ingredients could turn into truly delicious dishes.","I'm really hoping that people are going to use this as an opportunity. I think the economy is going so downhill, and I think there's a way to just kind of keep a smile on your face and find cheap ways to still have fun. I hate it when people say, oh, I don't have money, so I can't do anything.","How much culinary expertise do you need?Is it good to have some basic cooking backgrounds before you take on the 99-cent cuisine?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : I was broke implies being financially bankrupt and not implying having broken bones ","questions":"Which implication does turn 0 have?","answer":"financial"}
{"text":["That's right.","How did the capital - how did the changes strike you since you'd been there a year ago?","A huge sense of despondency - I mean, huge humanitarian suffering, people, again, displaced from their homes - but a sense of resolve that people were committed to defending the capital against what they saw as an aggression but I think a real fear about what can come next for this country. I mean, the social fabric of this country of 6 million has been really torn apart, and it's been worsened also by foreign meddling in the country.","Foreign meddling meaning what?What's going on?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"a sense of resolve that people were committed to defending the capital against what they saw as an aggression\" - The literal meaning of the sentence is that people were determined to protect the capital against a perceived act of aggression. However, the implied meaning is that people were afraid of an actual act of aggression, not just a perceived one.","questions":"Which sense did people have towards defending the capital?","answer":"Resolve"}
{"text":["So, this is an exciting moment for us to take a look at ourselves. So, you know, first of all, how do you compare this presidential race with ones in the past?","Can't do it. This is not like any presidential race in the past. We have already had the first woman candidate to be this close to being nominated. The first Hispanic candidate to be a major candidate. First Mormon. We have the first African-American nominee, now presumptive nominee of the Democratic Party. And we also had a very interesting race on the Republican side that would have been kind of a barnburner in its own right. So, this has been a much more interesting presidential race that we've had in my lifetime. And it's just got an awful lot of facets of great news value.","So, how would you say, what would you say even coverage is?What is the goal really?","The best thing you can do is to reach the end of the campaign and have people say, well, we got a fair look at the candidates from the beginning to the end. We got a fair look at the two nominees of the major parties. We got a fair look at the third party candidates. And we got a fair look at all the competitors back in the primaries. I don't think you can say that at all is going to be exactly the same number of minutes devoted to each."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : This implies that this presidential race is unique and different from previous ones, possibly due to the diversity of candidates and the amount of news value it has.","questions":"Which race is being referred to as unique and different from previous ones?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["Boy, melodrama going on, on the Washington football club whose team name I refuse to utter. Coach Shanahan benching Robert Griffin III for the rest of the season - good idea or. . .","Well, it's all part of a bigger power play. The big problem is the owner. The problem with the Redskins goes back to Daniel Snyder. He's worse than George Steinbrenner, worse than Marge Schott; worse than all of them. He's one of the worst owners that you could possibly have. When he started, he had past-prime players with Deion Sanders and Bruce Smith trying to make a splash.","We're about to run out of time. Not much time for many more worse, yes?","Awful. He's just bad."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The coach's decision to bench Griffin is indicative of larger issues within the organization, likely stemming from the owner's poor management.","questions":"How is the coach's decision reflective of larger issues within the organization? (Answer: indicative)","answer":"Indicative"}
{"text":["So why did some members of Congress choose to vote for the bailout bill and some against it. We've got two prominent members of Congress who made up their own minds and made different choices. A little bit later, we're going to talk to Representative Sheila Jackson Lee of Texas who voted against. But first we have Representative Maxine Waters of California, who voted for. How are you?","Hello. How are you doing today?","I'm doing great. So you voted for this bailout bill, why?","This is a rescue effort that has caught everybody by surprise. The fact of the matter is not only do we have to be concerned about our financial institutions and the market, we've got to be concerned about trying to do something to stem the tide of foreclosures and keep people in their homes. And part of this bill had in it a modification plan. We're going to acquire, that is buy up all of these toxic paper, or bad paper from these financial institutions. We then have an opportunity to do the kind of modification that we've been urging all along.","In addition to that, we have small businesses that are at risk. These small businesses that depend on banks for loans to make the payroll will literally go out of business. And we have the smaller minority bank, many of them who had their money invested in Fannie and Freddie when it was taken over, and they've lost all of their investment in that preferred stock. So we're trying to stem the tide of this devastation, to get the market stabilized and to protect the average citizens."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The bailout bill is necessary to help homeowners avoid foreclosure and help small businesses stay afloat.","questions":"What is the modification plan included in the bailout bill?","answer":"Treasury"}
{"text":["Why does the American Civil Liberties Union defend the rights of Nazis?Membership and donations have boomed since the 2016 election, as the ACLU has taken on a number of high-profile cases challenging Trump administration policies on immigration, deportation and voter suppression. But some supporters of the organization have questioned the ACLU's defense of the free-speech rights of hate groups, especially following their defense of white nationalist rally at Emancipation Park in Charlottesville a couple of weeks ago, when Heather Heyer was killed. A board member of the ACLU's Virginia affiliate resigned, tweeting - what's legal and what's right are sometimes different. I won't be a fig leaf for Nazis.","We're joined now by the national executive director of the ACLU, Anthony Romero. Mr.  Romero, thanks so much for being with us.","It's my pleasure, Scott. Thank you for having me.","Is the ACLU a fig leaf for Nazis?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : having me implies hosting someone or engaging with someone and not referring to owning someone ","questions":"How does turn 2 suggest a non-literal meaning?","answer":"Engaging"}
{"text":["Wow.","On steroids, that's what Tops in Blue is. And it's serious stuff. It's a lot of fun. There's a little break dancing, a little pop locking. And once again, it's very interactive. It's very much a very different theater experience.","You know, we had on Brian Copeland, who has a very successful one-man show called \"Not a Genuine Black Man\" and also dealing with some really very harsh realities of his childhood. It strikes me that, you know, that's got to be part of what shaped you as a person who's able to do - what is it?How many characters do you have in the show?","Twenty-three characters."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Tops in Blue is not just a regular show, it's something exceptional and unique.","questions":"Which show is serious, interactive, and offers a different theater experience?","answer":"Blue"}
{"text":["I like that.","It requires constant boosts and constant sort of shots against that and priming the mind and the creative muscle. And so I think on that level, people relate to having a resource that gives that sort of steady stream of these things in a very small and subtle way and not as formal as education but does enrich lives and enrich sort of our pool of creative resources.","It is a really steady stream. I mean, I read on Brainpickings that it takes 450 hours, maybe more, to keep it alive.","Yeah, I put that number down so people don't think I don't have a life, but it's probably a lot more than that."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Constant boosts and constant sort of shots\" implies that the mind needs a lot of training, the mind isn't actually getting a physical boost or shot.","questions":"Which word suggests that the mind requires constant training and is not actually receiving a physical boost?","answer":"constant"}
{"text":["I'm not so sure that it was missed, per se. I think it's been there at the forefront of the news for a really long time. I just don't think that we saw the potential that it would impact the election in the way that it did, insofar as it's tied up in these other economic and social struggles that are occurring within the same communities.","And to be clear again, you're not saying that people that have a problem with opioids or drug or alcohol voted for Donald Trump so much as people who live in those communities that have been affected by it statistically in your study voted for Donald Trump.","Well, that's right. And I can't say necessarily who voted for Donald Trump, but we have to remember that addiction and depression and these diseases and deaths of despair go far beyond the individuals themselves who are affected by them. They affect friends and family members and coworkers and first responders and service providers and employers in communities who are dealing with the struggles of these and experience the same sort of frustration and anxiety that are associated or wrapped up within diseases and deaths of despair.","You conclude your study by - I believe the quote is community level well-being played an important role in this election."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : saying that the effects of addiction, depression, and other diseases go beyond the individual, which is not the same as the actual meaning of the statement which is that people in these communities dealing with the struggles of these issues experience the same kinds of frustration and anxiety.","questions":"What is the conclusion of the study mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Important"}
{"text":["But yes, they do make them vulnerable. But to my knowledge, he has no problem with his feet. And there was another horse with three white feet who did pretty well, and his name was Secretariat.","Oh, yeah. OK.  Victor Espinoza is Chrome's jockey. What do you expect from him?","He's a very talented rider. He has been here before. He won two legs of the Triple Crown with War Emblem a few years ago. He's made beautiful decisions in terms of where to position the horse and strategy is everything in the Belmont. This is a riders race.","I don't know if he will win, but this afternoon, pin your heart on this beautiful little horse and this odd cast of characters around him. The pantheon of Triple Crown winners admits only the truly great. So if he is good enough to do it, you will be looking at a horse for the ages."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : the meaning of \"pin your heart on this beautiful little horse and this odd cast of characters around him\" is to invest your emotion or faith in Chrome and his team, even if there is no guarantee of success.","questions":"What does \"pin\" mean in turn 3?","answer":"Emblem"}
{"text":["You know, it's quite clear that it is a cherry-picked narrative. But reading it makes you wonder if that's an insult to cherries.","(Laughter) Which, after all, have many valuable antioxidants. Before it was released, a lot of Democrats said the result of releasing the memo would be catastrophic. Last night and today, many Democrats seem to be saying, is that all you got?Are you kidding?","Well, for some, it's more a dud than a slam dunk. But at the same time, of course, the Democrats want to release their own memo - their critique memo - their response or rebuttal. And that's going to be the big focus when we get back here on Monday.","Rod Rosenstein - long for his position in the Justice Department?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"it's quite clear that it is a cherry-picked narrative.But reading it makes you wonder if that's an insult to cherries.\" Implicated meaning: The speaker thinks that the narrative is biased and selectively chosen. They express their criticism in a humorous way, by questioning if even cherries would be offended by being associated with the narrative.","questions":"Which fruit is the subject of a humorous comment in the dialogue?","answer":"Cherries"}
{"text":["No. We banned those in 2001 after the disastrous 2000 presidential recount. And fortunately for the state is - part of the reform packages passed after 2000 were a number of standards, methods and clear ways in which to perform recounts. And, lucky us, we now probably have three statewide recounts in Florida, as well as three state legislative seats - a record six in the state in one election.","Oh, my word. Well, how close is the governor's race, Marc?","The governor's race - I would like to use one of those old phrases, you know, the old cliche. It's about as tight as a tick in a rug or something. But it's not as tight as the Senate race. The governor's race is about 36,000 ballots almost on-the-nose apart - the margin. The - in the end, the margin is 0. 44 percent. And it takes 0. 5 percent - that is half a percent - to go to recount. So the governor's race in Florida's probably going to recount.","And what about the Senate race?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Senate race implies the quest to become a senator and not a running competition between senators","questions":"Which race?","answer":"Senate"}
{"text":["Thanks, Scott.","What's the latest - quick shutdown or will it last?","It became pretty clear by early evening on Friday that there would be a shutdown, so it sort of began with a whimper. Members had already adjourned and gone home at midnight when the shutdown officially started. Where we're at as the bill is in the Senate, and Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell has said the next vote is going to be on what can pass. And that is a bill that's going to need to be able to overcome a 60 vote hurdle and have the guarantee from President Trump that he will sign it. Negotiations are expected to continue through the weekend. In the House, lawmakers have been told that they'll be given 24 hours' notice before there's a vote. What needs to happen is one party is going to have to blink. Either Republicans and the president are going to have to agree to less money for the wall or Democrats are going to have to agree to it but try to extract some kind of compromise to make it something they can support. You know, the wall has just become just this volatile political symbol of this presidency. So it's added and loaded of all the politics between the two parties that doesn't make compromise very easy on this.","And it's the third - the third shutdown in a year. This is becoming a habit. Remind us how the federal government and citizens are affected by a shutdown like this."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A government shutdown affects the government and its citizens negatively.","questions":"What is the impact of a government shutdown?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["That's right. There are a few things in particular that stood out in the early excerpts. I haven't had the chance to get my hands on the book yet. But a couple of things in particular. One is that Bannon talks about that infamous Trump Tower meeting in June of 2016 that featured Donald Trump Jr. , Jared Kushner, Paul Manafort and the meeting that they had with the Russian lawyer, who was offering dirt on Hillary Clinton. Bannon describes the meeting as treasonous, as unpatriotic. And he says that those three should've called the FBI immediately. A second thing is that he also says that there's no way - there's no way that Trump Jr.  didn't walk the Russians up one floor to the 26th floor of Trump Tower and introduce them to Trump himself.","We should explain that's his - he doesn't know that happened, but he just finds it inconceivable it didn't.","He doesn't offer any proof. He wasn't in the campaign at the time. But this would be important if true because Trump has denied any knowledge of the Russian overtures, any knowledge of Russian outreach. And it would - this would obviously contradict that. The last thing is that Bannon says that the investigation is going to focus on money laundering. There are indications that Mueller's team may indeed be looking at that. So a lot to digest there.","NPR's Ryan Lucas, thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"NPR's Ryan Lucas, thanks so much.\" - The actual meaning of this turn is a polite expression of gratitude, rather than literally thanking Ryan Lucas for something specific that he did.","questions":"What is the purpose of turn 3 in the dialogue?","answer":"Gratitude"}
{"text":["So you just said that hitting hospitals would be the primary target of any military operation. Did I understand you correctly?","That's perfectly correct. When there is an intent to displace people, then hospitals start to get targeted and in a pattern that's very predictable. We've seen it before in Aleppo. In addition to putting those hospitals in underground structures or in caves hospital (ph), we share the location, the coordinates of these hospitals with the U. N.  agencies, with Russia, with the United States, as they both are leading the humanitarian task force in Syria.","So everybody is aware of the locations of those hospitals. And last week for example, going back to what's going on in Idlib, when you have 12 hospitals hit in a small area, when they're struck and they're damaged directly, you realize that this is beyond just collateral damage and beyond just a limited-scale operation.","Are these bombings of medical facilities that you describe causing the health care system, what's left of it, to collapse?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Military operations intentionally target hospitals during displacement of people.","questions":"What is the primary target of military operations during displacement of people?","answer":"Hospitals"}
{"text":["You've got lots of reasons to be concerned about this economy, not the least of which is the fact that the Federal Reserve Chair Ben Bernanke has done yet another interest rate cut. And the question is, how many more cuts can he do?He has so many arrows in his quiver.","So, we're looking at a very fragile economy. And certainly, the employment piece is the most important piece for most Americans because most people don't have trust funds or extra money. Many who do have home equity have it tapped out. The way that 90 percent of us support ourselves is that we work every day, and increasing numbers of people don't have employment opportunities.","When you look at what's happening right now, there were - there have been times when there are certain, you know, white collar jobs that have really gotten hit hard, I'm thinking of the computer industry, the technology industry in the '90s when there was that dot bomb era. But is this really, for now, more of a blue collar job loss or is it mixed?","It's really a mixed bag. You see many corporations who are downsizing, they call it rightsizing, who are cutting even if it's by as little as 5 percent, Farai, it adds up. We see state governments also looking at a drop in revenue coming in because of a drop in tax revenue, and they are thinking of cutting in \u2014 may have already done some cutting."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"so many arrows in his quiver\" is an idiom that means having many different strategies or options available to use, rather than referring to actual arrows in a quiver.","questions":"Which idiom refers to having many different strategies or options available to use?","answer":"Arrows"}
{"text":["So there's always been this open question about why Deutsche Bank lent to Trump when other banks wouldn't. And for investigators, the question is, you know, all the more pressing because Deutsche Bank has really a record of malfeasance and irregularities.","Tell us more about that history, some of the allegations. We mentioned money laundering earlier.","Right. Well, yeah, money laundering - the bank paid fines totaling $630 million in 2017. Regulators said some of its clients moved a huge amount of money, like $10 billion, out of Russia into offshore accounts illegally. And Deutsche Bank basically allowed it to happen. The - and the allegations about money laundering continue. Just recently, in November, the bank's headquarters in Frankfurt were raided by investigators. They were looking at how Deutsche Bank helped set up illegal accounts as part of this big, money laundering - global money laundering scheme.","So add to that Deutsche Bank paid $7. 2 billion for helping set up toxic mortgages before the financial crisis. It paid a big fine for violating U. S.  sanctions against Iran and Syria. So really, the bank has a long record of scandal, to say the least."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : allowed it to happen\" and \"set up illegal accounts\" - These phrases suggest that Deutsche Bank was complicit in facilitating illegal activity.","questions":"What did regulators say Deutsche Bank's clients moved out of Russia illegally?","answer":"$10billion"}
{"text":["But not far behind is the idea which really threatens the foreign service that has served this country pretty well over the years - that senior diplomats should be part of that political agenda. And if they don't, they have to get out of the way. Their careers will be curtailed. And a lot of these people, you know, are now serving at research institutes and universities around town because they are not being used. And that, therefore, is the message that it looks like they are sending.","So play ball or get out.","Play ball or get out. And then to find out on top of that the president is willing to disparage you and threaten, you know, things that might be coming your way; and on top of that, it now appears that the secretary of state was listening in on that call and, rather than defending his people, said nothing and did nothing and pretended like nothing happened and looked like he's part of it. And, you know, it takes a long time to build up an organization like this, but it can be destroyed very quickly. And I'm afraid that that's the direction in which we're going.","Philip Gordon, thank you so much for sharing your perspective."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The people should obey their leaders or lose their jobs.","questions":"What is the ultimatum given by B?","answer":"acquiesce"}
{"text":["Phil Simms was quarterback for the New York Giants.","(Laughter) Yeah.","This is NPR, Dan. We have to fill in the blanks sometimes.","(Laughter) I understand. Well, Bill Parcell is one of the legendary coaches in NFL history. I called Bill and, you know, 'cause saw in the press guides that Ernie was his pro player personnel director for a couple of years in the 1980s. And Bill could not remember anything about him. He says, I don't know the guy. I said, Bill, it says on the press guide that he was your director of pro personnel for two seasons when you were head coach. And he says, well, I don't remember the guy. So they're all either being very careful about it or Ernie just does not leave a personal mark with them."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is not providing information about how to complete a blank, but rather communicating to his interlocutor that they need to be careful about what they say since they are on NPR.","questions":"What organization are they on during the conversation?","answer":"NPR"}
{"text":["The economy is humming, but we may be hearing some sputtering as well. The stock market fell 3% this past Wednesday but later made back some of those losses. While in the bond market, a key marker of a coming recession has been playing out. Now the payoff for long-term government debt fell below the yield on short-term debt. So what are we looking for when the bell rings tomorrow?Catherine Rampell writes about economics for The Washington Post, and she joins me now. Welcome.","Good to be here.","So first off, I just want a gut check from you - Wall Street ups and downs, that warning flare in the bond market, but we're also seeing strong consumer spending at the same time. What is your take on these mixed indicators?","I think the story thus far has been there are warning signs out there. Consumers have been the strong point. Up until this week, however, there was a consumer sentiment number that it was at its lowest notching since, I want to say, six or seven months. So that does suggest that consumers may be wavering a little bit. I think the bigger picture, though, is the global risks essentially. So right now, we have something, like, nine major economies around the world either currently in recession or on the verge of recession, and you could imagine that there would be contagion effects."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It's not a check of the gut but of the person's true opinions and feelings.","questions":"How would you describe the type of check that \"B\" wants from \"A\"?","answer":"true"}
{"text":["I also translated my previous novel, \"The Corpse Washer\" - I translated it from Arabic to English.","But with this novel, you chose to have someone else translate it into English. Why?","Well, in all honesty, the subject matter of the novel is quite intimate and has a lot to do with my own memories of my home city and what it means also to be an Iraqi living in the U. S.  and watching the - my new country bomb my homeland. So it's very traumatic. So when Jonathan Wright offered - as soon as the novel came out in Arabic, he offered to translate it. I - he's an experienced, excellent translator, so I said, why not, you know?","I think I hear you telling me you could not go through that story twice."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The traumatic memories of the author made it hard for him to translate the novel himself, so he had someone else do it","questions":"What made it difficult for the author to translate the novel himself?","answer":"Trauma"}
{"text":["You're a breast cancer survivor. Your husband passed away. One of your other children was in a serious accident, and yet when you deal with the Imus ordeal, you say I've never felt so powerless in my life. Why did that touch you so much?","You know, Farai, one of the things that maybe people didn't know is that here I had a team of 10 players, and five of those young ladies were freshmen. Less than a year before that, they were sitting on bleachers at a high school graduation. Some of them that came to me had braces on their teeth. They had dreams and aspirations of becoming doctors and psychologists and musicians and all the like.","And here while they had done something that they should be commended for because throughout the year, the year had been a tremendous struggle. They had been pushed to the brink, and yet somehow they survived. And beyond surviving, here they were standing before a national audience and being honored as one of the top two teams in this nation.","And I was so proud of them because I could remember seeing some of them cry or think that they couldn't and then to see their faces on television or USA Today and, you know, this is what it's all about - for us as leaders and as parents and as people that care about our young people - to take them to places that they don't think that they can go, have them accomplish those things, and then with that level of security and confidence, they can take on the world."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : As a leader and parent, it is important to help young people achieve their dreams and goals","questions":"What is the purpose of leadership according to turn 2?","answer":"Dreams"}
{"text":["UNIDENTIFIED REPORTER #2: Under the command of General Eisenhower, Allied naval forces supported by strong air forces began landing Allied armies this morning on the northern coast of France.","Ships deposited more than 150,000 Allied troops on the beaches of Normandy. German forces were waiting in the cliffs above, and they unleashed. Meanwhile, paratroopers boarded planes, took to the air and dropped behind enemy lines.","Oh, it was a lot of noise - one after another.","What did it sound like?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Allied forces have begun their attack on France","questions":"Which country was attacked by the Allied forces?","answer":"France"}
{"text":["And Gina Perra(ph) in San Mateo, California sent us this. \"I'm a 52-year-old white person, and this is one of my favorite shows. So if you think that this show has, quote, limited appeal, think again. Please cancel something else. \"","And finally, Joe Bennett in Dallas, Texas chimed in with this. \"I'm very disappointed that of all the shows that could be canceled, News & Notes was. It's the only one that is specifically addressing the concerns of African-Americans. As an American with African heritage, I think it is very important to have my issues addressed on the air waves. I'm sure that you will say that the other shows address these issues. However, I disagree in the format in which they do. More often than not, it is addressed not from the African-American perspective. \"","And that's it for letters. Thank you so much for your letters and love this week. Please keep your thoughts coming over the next few months.","To write to us, just log on to npr. org and click on Contact Us. When you get there, you'll see lots of shows to choose from. Make sure you pick News & Notes when you write to us, and keep writing to us. We're here with you for three more months."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : when Joe Bennett says \"I'm sure that you will say that the other shows address these issues. However, I disagree in the format in which they do,\" he implies that the other shows may address issues that affect African Americans, but not in a way that is satisfactory or effective.","questions":"Which show does Joe Bennett believe is specifically addressing the concerns of African-Americans?","answer":"News&notes"}
{"text":["I wouldn't say a list of specific charges but some general charges. So the one that is the most specific is the claim that in 1996 she went on a spy mission to China to Guangxi province and, you know, spied for the FBI. And, I mean, there's a number of issues with that. I mean, one of them is that I have all kinds of evidence that Sandy did not go to China in 1996. I have the evidence of her passport. I have the evidence of her paystubs.","I mean, she was a full-time employee of the Houston Police Department as a secretary, a clerk typist, when she allegedly was doing the spy work. The paystubs show that she'd taken 11 hours off during the time in question. I've also got a newspaper article that she appeared in. So, I mean, we have a fair amount of evidence that shows that she was not in China in 1996.","Why would the Chinese government be interested in putting your wife in prison if there wasn't something that made them suspicious?","So this is not the police that investigate regular crimes. This is the, you know, China Ministry of State Security. This is a bunch of spies. They don't trust anybody. And in point of fact, I mean, they look at people involved in nonprofit work like my wife with a great deal of suspicion. And the fact of the matter is the state security has sent a number of people to the U. S.  to spy, and the FBI has been catching these people. And I am sure that the Ministry of State Security is just not very happy about that."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : asking why the Chinese government is interested in putting your wife in prison. The actual meaning of the turn is to ask why the Chinese government is suspicious of your wife's activities.","questions":"How many hours did Sandy take off during the time in question?","answer":"11"}
{"text":["Well, about five years ago, when we started the project, it was actually the internal project name, and we had a series of scientists and engineers trying to think about how we could make glass tougher, more resistant to damage. And someone in the room just threw it out and said gorilla, and it stuck, and it became the product name.","And tell us about the history. Wasn't Corning experimenting with a super-tough glass back in the '60s?","Yeah, we sure were. Back in the early '60s, we had a product that we actually launched called Chemcor. The basic principles of trying to strengthen glass were the same, but we were targeting different applications to include automotive and safety glasses.","And so why is it not in automotive and safety glass?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The name 'gorilla' was not related to gorillas at all.","questions":"How was the name 'gorilla' chosen?","answer":"Thrown"}
{"text":["The numbers you've tossed around show you how expensive. People have been able to do experiments. They've found all kinds of really interesting possibly valuable properties, but nothing, no industry is really going to start until they can make enough of this stuff cheaply to use it.","Until now, most of the ways of making it started with this first step: Get some really pure, really expensive chemicals that you're going to mix in and do the next stuff. Huge expense. What Jim Tour down in Houston discovered and showed is that anything that's got carbon in it you can turn into graphene.","And to demonstrate that he meant anything, he did it with Girl Scout cookies. He turned those into graphene. He did it with chocolate. He got some chocolate half-dollar coins. He did it with dog feces from a miniature Dachshund, and he did it with a cockroach leg. And essentially he just got a really big oven, heated it up to about 1,000 degrees C and filled that oven with a little bit of this stuff, the cockroach or the dog feces, whatever, and a sheet of pure copper and a little bit of gas, left it for about 20 minutes, and viola, he'd made little bits of really high-quality graphene.","Wow."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Numbers tossed around implies that they did some calculations for the cost","questions":"How did Jim Tour turn Girl Scout cookies into graphene?","answer":"Oven"}
{"text":["That's right. And the U. S.  scientists had been very disappointed in the '58 Brussels fair because they felt the Russians had outshone us in terms of science. And they said we need to do something. And the Seattle guys came along and said, we want to do a fair. You want a science fair. That's what this will be about. The Space Needle was designed to be a symbol of the kind of uplift that science and technology represented to the world.","When they broke ground on the Space Needle, it was literally the same time that the Berlin Wall was being built. And it became this kind of symbol about the difference between us and the Soviets. They were putting up barbwire. We were putting up a vista to the world.","Talking with Knute Berger on SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR. I'm Ira Flatow here at - in Seattle at the Pacific Science Center right next to the Space Needle. If it were to be built today, would anything be built differently about it, structurally or design-wise or is it almost a perfect needle?","You know, I asked the engineer who's still alive who worked on it. I asked him that exact question. I said what would you today?And he said, basically, we wouldn't anything different. He said we could take some of the weight out of it. They overbuilt it. He. . ."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : He wants to know if the tower is perfect as is or should it be changed. ","questions":"What question did PersonB ask about the Space Needle's design?","answer":"Built"}
{"text":["I understand, Mr.  Doyle, that you and other members of the Watergate investigation team still with us - well, you have reunions now and then. And I gather for the first time you had a reunion on the actual anniversary of the Saturday Night Massacre. What are the - my 15 year old now says, you know, what's the tea?What went on there?","Three weeks ago, Saturday night October 20, the Watergate Special Prosecution Force held a reunion. It was the 45th anniversary of the Saturday Night Massacre. None of the senior leaders are any longer with us. But the young idealists who had been in their 20s back when we began, they all showed up in their 60s and 70s as earnest as ever, as idealistic as ever and still full of hope.","Sorry.","No, I think someone was talking to you, telling you that, I think, we're running out of time. But did you want to make the final point?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The young idealists who attended the reunion are still passionate and hopeful despite their age","questions":"How were the young idealists at the reunion?","answer":"Passionate"}
{"text":["We've been going on the assumption - I suppose largely from movies - that dinosaurs made a big noise. They're such big creatures. Why do you think we're wrong.","Most dinosaur sounds are based on models that are more like lions and tigers and bears. And we know that the two groups of animals alive today that are most closely related to extinct dinosaurs are birds and crocodilians. In fact, birds are living dinosaurs.","So you look at the way birds make noises?","Exactly. That's what we did in this particular study. We looked at one aspect of vocal behavior, which is whether the mouth is open or closed. And we looked at living dinosaurs - birds. We have 10,000 species today. Most of them vocalize, sing with an open mouth. But some birds produce sound with a closed mouth. They actually inflate different structures that allow them to resonate, often at lower frequencies than many other birds. But we also needed to look at alligators and crocodiles as the closest cousins to dinosaurs."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) We've been going on the assumption - I suppose largely from movies - that dinosaurs made a big noise. Actual meaning: We have been mistakenly assuming that dinosaurs were very loud creatures based on what we have seen in movies.","questions":"Which aspect of vocal behavior did the study focus on?","answer":"Resonate"}
{"text":["Hmm. Was this a candidate for the - one of your Ig Nobel Prizes?","Everything's a candidate for the Ig Nobel Prize. This one has not won. But the disturbing thing here is what it says that - is that there's a lot of science out there done over generations that assumes that damage to bones had to come from teeth or from knives beforehand. Now we know a lot of damage to bones happens from the chemicals inside the body. So there's a lot science out there that people believe in that may not be quite so correct.","And is that one of the reasons why you put a lot of these stories together in your book, to talk about what science is out there that people may not be aware of?","Yeah, yeah. And I'd like to say that this particular story, by the way, I'm kind of happy with the headline I came up with for that. I called it \"The Tasting of the Shrew. \""],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Not all scientific beliefs are accurate, even if widely accepted.","questions":"How does the speaker describe the damage to bones?","answer":"Chemicals"}
{"text":["So you have companies like Altria, a tobacco giant, that sent four representatives right in the middle of this decision-making process. Altria, several years later, went on to buy a 35% stake in the company Juul, which was the most popular e-cigarette among teens. So you certainly see representation from the tobacco companies showing up at the Office of Management and Budget during this time frame.","Can I just clarify that, 'cause I think many people might find it curious that the tobacco companies were involved here because I think a lot of people have the impression that e-cigarettes are an alternative to tobacco products?I mean, the whole point was to get people to stop using tobacco products. That's not true?","Very interesting point that you make. And that's a question that many federal officials are trying to get to the bottom of right now. Even in Congress, Senator Durbin is on top of this issue. You've seen companies like Juul arguing that they are an alternative to tobacco, that they're even a safe alternative to tobacco. But, of course, giant tobacco companies have a large stake in the company. So a lot of people are wondering the same thing you're wondering - how can that be?","So when you approached former Obama administration officials to ask them what happened there, what did they say?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Altria is an extremely large tobacco company that sent representatives.","questions":"Which company had representatives present during the decision-making process?","answer":"Altria"}
{"text":["It is. There is an auction being held out of Boston that is auctioning off the first Hasselblad camera to fly in space. This was the first professional quality camera that astronauts used to photograph the Earth.","Now, since it went to space and since it was the first thing of its kind to go to space, what sort of price is that going to bring?","It's really hard to tell. This is a fascinating piece of history and just to put this into some perspective, another Hasselblad camera that's sort of the direct lineage of this camera - that was said to have flown to the moon - sold earlier this year for nearly a million dollars. And that camera had a lot of questions about its history. This one has a really solid history in terms of - we know what astronauts used it, we know how it was obtained. So there's a lot of excitement about the possibility of this camera setting a new record, maybe breaking the seven figure amount.","Robert Pearlman is the editor of an online magazine called collectSPACE. Mr.  Pearlman, thank you for talking to us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"This is a fascinating piece of history and just to put this into some perspective, another Hasselblad camera that's sort of the direct lineage of this camera - that was said to have flown to the moon - sold earlier this year for nearly a million dollars.\" - Actual meaning","questions":"Which camera sold earlier this year for nearly a million dollars?","answer":"Another"}
{"text":["A lot of people are very skeptical of the talks. The government, before even going to Geneva, voiced their concern that they're not going to Geneva to negotiate or deal. They just wanted to go to Geneva to make sure that the Houthis will comply when the U. N.  see a resolution. So to begin with, the political parties were in Geneva not to talk, not for dialogue, not to negotiate. They were there for blinking contests.","And what's the mood there in the capital?","A lot of people are depressed 'cause pretty much everybody was hoping that there's going to be some sort of a truce, especially now that it's the month of Ramadan. It is the holy month for four weeks where people fast. People - they don't actually have food to begin with. But it's a religious month where people fast, so we were hoping for some sort of a cease-fire, some sort of a truce where the blockade will be lifted so that the aid will come in, so that the commercial vessels now stuck at the seaports will be allowed to move in. Yemen imports 90 percent of its food, so we're in dire need of those commercial vessels to be allowed into the country. Unfortunately, the Geneva talks ended without the lifting of the blockade, without a truce being agreed upon.","We should explain to our listeners that blockade has been led by Saudi naval forces to keep weapons out of the hands of rebels. You have said that you're both anti-Houthi and anti-airstrikes. How do you solve one problem without the other?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"solve one problem without the other\" - This is a figurative way of describing a difficult situation where two interconnected problems must be addressed together, rather than separately. It does not literally mean that one problem must be solved without the other.","questions":"How does turn 3 describe the situation where two interconnected problems must be addressed together?","answer":"Interconnected"}
{"text":["Well, it's just so different as to be almost unrecognizable to everything else they ever do. Well, first of all, there are over 4,000 credentialed members of the media. I have met many of these people, and I question their credentials. (Soundbite of laughter) But aside from the crush and the demands on their time, it is a weird travel schedule.","For a regular game, there is usually a week between games in the NFL. And a team will arrive in the visiting team's city usually, maybe, a day before the game. Here they arrive almost a week before the game. And that is just to accommodate the fact that the Super Bowl is this huge corporate affair, this huge media affair. So it's interviews and a little bit of practice, and interviews and a little bit of practice. And if a team losses focus, it could really hurt them come Sunday.","It sounds like a pretty intense week. Now, let's say I were a betting woman. Does this kind of hectic schedule favor one team over the other?","Well, you know, even if you weren't a betting woman, even if you were someone with, you know, who lives and dies with the Steelers or who bleeds Cardinals Burgundy - I think there probably are people like that - you might say that the Pittsburgh Steelers might have the edge, because in general, they are the more experienced team, having been to and won a Super Bowl just three years ago."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The comment about questioning their credentials is a joke. 'A' is just joking that some non-reporters are obtaining journalist credentials to see the game for free.","questions":"What is PersonA's opinion on whether the Steelers have an advantage in the Super Bowl?","answer":"Edge"}
{"text":["And there was hell to pay. And there was hell to pay, first weeks, then months, then years, then decades. This story did not go away. And, you know, an assassin was hired to go to Tuskegee to kill Booker T.  Washington. He was pursued wherever he went. Theodore Roosevelt was criticized in ways that presidents were not criticized. There were vulgar cartoons of Mrs.  Roosevelt that had never been done before. This was all new territory.","Obviously, the president was criticized but it did not prevent his re-election a couple of years later.","No, it didn't. But there were some interesting spinning sessions that went on among Republicans. One, was to turn the dinner into lunch because it seems that lunch would be a less objectionable meal, and. . .",". . . so the story went that, no, you know, Booker T.  Washington didn't go to the dining room at the White House. He was sitting in the office, and they got hungry and they ordered a tray. And by the time they were finished, there was barely a sandwich on it. And that seemed to make the meal a little more palatable in the South. But - and this persisted for decades actually until finally in the '30s, a journalist asked Mrs.  Roosevelt, was it lunch or was it dinner?And she checked her calendar and she said, it was most definitely dinner."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"And there was hell to pay\" - this is an idiomatic expression meaning that there were severe consequences or punishment for something that happened. It does not literally mean that there was a payment made to the devil or hell.","questions":"What was the consequence of something that happened according to turn 0?","answer":"consequence"}
{"text":["The director of the U. S.  Census Bureau, John H.  Thompson, announced his retirement this week in the wake of a disagreement with Congress over funding for the 2020 census. The census is conducted every 10 years. The results determine how many seats in Congress and electoral votes that each state receives, and it helps guide how more than $400 billion is spent each year on education, health and infrastructure.","We're joined now by Robert Groves. He's former director of the U. S.  Census Bureau. He's now the provost of Georgetown University. Mr.  Groves, thanks so much for being with us.","Good morning. Great to be with you.","Congress has approved nearly $1. 5 billion to fund the census this fiscal year, and it's supposed to be the same for next year. Is that enough?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) implies that Congress' budget for the census may be insufficient for the project.","questions":"Which budget may be insufficient according to turn 3?","answer":"Budget"}
{"text":[". . . Battles. Yes. It was bloody, but it was also joyous because we're - all three of us - just super fans of Nancy Hale's.","I mean, people always ask fiction writers - as you would know better than anyone - how much of your writing, how much of your protagonist is you. And writers always say, it's fiction. You know, I made it all up. But you write that with Hale, it's - it actually really matters to know what her life story was when you're reading these stories.","You know, every story that a fiction writer writes has something of them in them. And I had to go through her story and sort of understand where they came from in her life. She wrote so close to the bone to her own life in many ways, and you can see herself in her characters in these stories - in a lot of them.","All right. So let's get to some of the stuff she writes about because she writes about things that are uncomfortable to discuss today in 2019 - must have been incredibly edgy at the time she was writing some of these. She writes about mothers feeling ambivalent about their children. She writes about how oppressive marriage can be. She writes beautifully about female desire. I actually wanted to let you read a little bit from one of her stories, titled \"Midsummer. \""],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : her stories were not what people were usually reading and the topics of them were not what was normally talked about.","questions":"How were Nancy Hale's stories perceived by people?","answer":"Uncomfortable"}
{"text":["Yeah. Marianne really is a kind of civilian commander, (laughter) in all ways, of this group, isn't she?","Yeah. In the preface of the book, we see the resisters originally coming together and starting to think of conspiring. And in the context of that, Marianne offers to be the commander of widows and orphans, should it come to that. And it's sort of an offer she makes somewhat in jest. It doesn't feel real at that time - that it could get to that level. But then in the end, her own words come back to haunt her. And that's what inspires her to bring the other two together and to keep searching for others, as well.","I want to be careful with historical analogies because Nazi Germany is the precedent that people - it seems of all political stripes - cite as the nightmare we want to avoid. But what about readers who see parallels between the 1930s Germany in your book and in history and anything we're living through today.","I think, for me, what I felt was really relevant when I was writing this book was the question of - what did ordinary Germans, the people whose lives sort of touched very peripherally on the darkness experienced during that time - and how did they let this happen?How did they either not see it or blind themselves to it?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker's use of a certain metaphor or analogy suggests they are drawing a comparison to another concept in order to illustrate their point or express a deeper meaning.","questions":"Which metaphor or analogy did the speaker use?","answer":"Metaphor"}
{"text":["The United Nation says it's made an agreement that will gradually release 3,000 child soldiers from an armed group in South Sudan. The children are between 11 and 17 years of age. They have spent their childhoods fighting and killing for a group called the South Sudan Democratic Army Cobra faction. Jonathan Veitch, UNICEF's South Sudan representative, says these children have been forced to do and see things that no child should ever experience. Sudan has a long history of civil war and using children for war. Only a few of the thousands of children who get captured and dragged into the conflict manage to escape. Emmanuel Jal did. He's now an actor and musician in Toronto, who had a role in last year's film \"The Good Lie. \"He was 8 years old when he became a child soldier.","Most of us have seen our homes burned down, have seen terrible things happen. So, I mean, I witness one of my aunt raped in our home area. And witnessing and seeing my home village burned down and then when we're told that I'm going to be given skills and a gun to fight the people who did that to my homeland, there was not much for me to be convinced.","What was life for you like as a child soldier?","It's hell seeing 6, 7 years old burying their own dead. Nobody's going to give them questions when they're beginning to ask questions. Simple questions - why are we here?Where's my mommy?That's when you get to know, like, these are children sometimes when the terrible things happen."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Emmanuel Jal was willing to join the army, because he wanted revenge for the people who caused harm to his home and family. ","questions":"What motivated Emmanuel Jal to become a child soldier?","answer":"Revenge"}
{"text":["Thank you for having me with you.","So, let's start with what exactly they are.","Okay. Fibroids are non-cancerous tumors. They're growth of muscle within the uterine wall. And sometimes they can be the size of a dime, and because of their location, they give you severe symptoms. And rarely, they can get to be the size of a basketball before they're recognized.","That's sounds pretty horrific.","It can be. It's amazing how much difficulty they can give to women that, in general, women can have severe menstrual bleeding - the kind of bleeding that keeps you home from work or keeps you from being able to do your daily activities - or they can press on a lot body structures. And they are very common, and it's surprising that so few women know that they have fibroids and that their symptoms may be related to them.","Now, research shows that about 25 percent of women in America are going to show some symptoms of fibroids, but they occur a lot more often in black women than white women. How much more often and why do scientists think that is?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Thank you for having me with you. Implicated meaning: Expressing gratitude for the invitation or hospitality.","questions":"How did PersonA express gratitude?","answer":"Thank"}
{"text":["Yeah.","So trains stopped running. Water supplies were disrupted. Gas stations couldn't pump gas, so there were long lines at those stations that could. Phones and the Internet were disrupted. It happened on a day in Argentina - in parts of Argentina, where there were gubernatorial elections. These actually still went ahead, but people had to use their cellphones. . .","Wow.",". . . To give themselves enough light to vote by. And it also happened on Father's Day, when people were hoping to go out for Sunday lunch but had to cancel because, you know, restaurants and businesses were shut. It took all day to get the lights completely back on; they are now back on. But people have a lot of questions about what precisely happened and what's going on in the region."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The power outage caused chaos and inconvenience to people's lives.","questions":"Which event caused disruption in Argentina?","answer":"Poweroutage"}
{"text":["I mean, your site gets something like seven million visitors a month?","Yeah.","Wow.","So that, that audience helps too, having those people, you know, kind of at bay, you know, willing to sort of jump in at, like, my command and help out when necessary. And like I said before, a lot of those people who read my site are also Tesla fans, so that's sort of a double reason for them to be willing to commit to a campaign like this."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The audience of the site is willing to support the campaign when needed","questions":"Which campaign?","answer":"Campaign"}
{"text":["It's something that I think I've kind of really kind of gotten used to it over the years. But back when we really started taken off, it would be really strange to walk into a room with 20,000 people and you were the only African-American person in the room. I mean that happened a lot. And it's one of the things where I really had to come to grips with it.","I mean, I chose this life. I chose this job. This is what I wanted to do and, you know, I just - now it's no big deal, it's just the way it is. I love my job and I'm not going to change my job. So that just comes with the territory.","There's so many, what I call racial sharing moments going on right now and we, you know, we take them seriously, but we can also laugh at them. But sometimes have you ever felt that people ask you to be their guide into some greater understanding of blackness?","Oh, absolutely. You know, I've been playing Hootie & the Blowfish for 23 years, and we, you know, we've been doing' it. And I think my friends use me as a - like you said, as a vehicle to experience - and I know a lot of people that probably when they met me were pretty racist people, that are now really good friends of mine."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Some people expect the speaker to provide insights into black culture and use him as an example to improve their understanding of it.","questions":"How do people use the speaker?","answer":"Guide"}
{"text":["No, so Wim van Egmond is an artist, and he was trained as an artist. He was a painter at first, and he was really into painting from these scientific illustrations, biological illustrations from hundreds of years ago. And he said, well, you know, I could just do this myself. So he purchased his first microscope about 20 years ago and since then has been kind of perfecting the technique.","But when he started, you know, he was also working with film, like Roman Vishniac. And, you know, when he had to look up what he was looking at, these organisms, he was looking in reference books, things that are just unthinkable these days, of course you would just Google.","So he said that, you know, progress has gotten much faster because now you can just look and see your result immediately. You don't have to develop your film, and - you know, and so he's gotten - it sounds like he's gotten - he's sort of refined his techniques much more quickly in the days of the digital camera.","Now I know you like to limit the size of your video pick to like three or four minutes."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Now I know you like to limit the size of your video pick to like three or four minutes.\" Literal meaning: The speaker has learned that the person being addressed prefers videos that are three or four minutes long. Actual meaning: The speaker is likely to be suggesting that the person being addressed limit their video pick to a short length of time, possibly due to some constraint such as the attention span of the intended audience.","questions":"Which number turn refers to the PersonA's suggestion about the length of a video pick?","answer":"3"}
{"text":["The smart way for communities to deal with the issue like that is to hearken back to what we were talking about with Jennifer Hudson. Make sure your community is a community. Make sure you know your neighbors and what is going on. Make sure you are making a conscious effort to deal with the distance and the attenuation that we have in our communities based on our mobility and technology. So if you know who's there, whose children are where, what's going on and if you have that sense of community, that is the quickest and best way to make sure your community can stay safe.","Judge Toler, great to talk to you. Thank you.","Good to talk to you.","Judge Lynn Toler is the star of TV's \"Divorce Court. \"She is also the author of \"My Mother's Rules: A Practical Guide To Becoming an Emotional Genius\" and she joined us from the studios of KJZZ in Tempe, Arizona."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to hearken back means to think back, or to think about what happened previously","questions":"What is the meaning of \"hearken\"?","answer":"Think"}
{"text":["When I listen to you talk, I feel like the worst possible - the most hurtful insult someone could ever fling at you is, you're not authentic.","And she falls to the ground, and she curls into a ball. And. . .","What is it about authenticity that if it were lacking, it's mortally wounding for you?","Yeah. I mean, if you're telling someone they're not authentic, then what are you saying?I guess you could say the opposite of authenticity is - I don't want to just say fake because there's another word."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Being called 'not authentic' is a severe insult","questions":"What is the insult that is considered severe for A?","answer":"Authenticity"}
{"text":["Well, myelin is a very complex membrane made by a cell called an oligodendrocyte, and the oligodendrocyte puts out processes that wrap around nerve axons. And the real thing that myelin does is it facilitates the electrical conduction down those nerve axons. And being a complex membrane, there are multiple lipid and protein components within that membrane that end up being attacked by our immune system in this disease.","Mm-hmm. So what you have done, at least in these early tests of nine people, seeing that it doesn't really hurt the people, is that you trick the body in a way into saying all those antigens that we normally attack, those are part of us. Let's not attack them.","That's correct. Yeah. This study (unintelligible) many years of work at our laboratory trying to develop efficient ways to induce what immunologists call tolerance, which would be only inactivating the immune cells that are carrying out the autoimmune disease - in this case multiple sclerosis - without down-regulating responses to bacterial antigens, viral antigens, et cetera, that we really depend upon to keep us healthy.","Most of the current therapies that are used in multiple sclerosis are in one way or another collectively called immunosuppressive therapies that act in one way or another to try to suppress the immune response to dampen the autoimmune disease, but in the consequence of use over a long term make people more susceptible to everyday infections and to higher rates of cancer."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Let's not attack them\" isn't literal. It just means the body won't attack the antigens. The body doesn't literally say \"let's not.\"","questions":"Which word in the dialogue explains what myelin facilitates?","answer":"Conducting"}
{"text":["They open doors at about seven in the morning. The stores aren't open until 11 on Sundays. So there's just hours and hours of people just walking through the mall.","David Segal is a writer for the New York Times. His latest article is called \"Our Love Affair with Malls Is on the Rocks. \"David, thank you.","You're very welcome.","Stay with us. It's free, from Day to Day on NPR News."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The mall opens early and people walk around for hours before stores open.","questions":"How early does the mall open?","answer":"Seven"}
{"text":["You know, so there is going to be several things in which we can benefit as a society.","I have about a minute left, and I'll get an idea of that cost. Let's say you have a $100,000 home. What - how much would it cost you to sink into it to do those things structurally that you're asking to do?","I think I would put in there about $5,000, which would give you hurricane ties, more anchor bolts, larger washers and metal ties between the wall plates and the studs. I would use more nails, six-inch (unintelligible), six inches on spacings, ring shank nails, and I think you have a fighting chance after that. Then you look at putting in a storm shelter, and you protect life safety, as well.","It doesn't sound like a whole lot to do. Thank you, thank you, Dr.  Prevatt, very much for your time today.","I really appreciate it, and you have a great day."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Sink into it\" is figurative. It means spend money on stuff for the house.","questions":"Which phrase is used figuratively to refer to spending money on the house?","answer":"Sink-into-it"}
{"text":["And Kellie, I hear a child behind you. May I ask, are you in a clinic?","Yeah. So I'm inside the health clinic at the refugee settlement.","OK. So you have a clinic set up to deal with Ebola cases. You also have, as you say, thousands of Congolese crossing the border every couple of weeks into the settlement where you are. What is the level of worry that you might get more cases?","People are very worried. I think until the outbreak stops in DRC, then the chances that new cases arrive in Uganda is very high."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is in the health clinic at the refugee settlement.","questions":"How is the speaker currently situated?","answer":"Clinic"}
{"text":["Oh, absolutely, absolutely. And I think that before Manny was traded, you say that C. C. was the hands-on favorite, but man, I think the impact that Manny has made on what was a moribund Dodgers team is sensational. I think if the voting was held right now and was fair, I think Manny Ramirez would be the MVP of the National League. What he's done there is incredible.","But it's not going to happen, is it?","Well, if there's justice in the world, and as you and I know there is justice in the world, I think it could happen. I mean, look at what he's done. I mean, he's made - he's helped them make shambles out of that race just because of him. C. C. 's done an excellent job, but Milwaukee is fading. Los Angeles is just becoming strong, and then there's the whole irony of Manny hooking up with his former archrival Joe Torre. And just the idea of these two guys grinding an axe against their former teams, which used to be archrivals, I just think the drama is just too - it's just too delicious. That's why I really think it should be Manny.","All right, let's end this with this connection. Since you've talked about Manny, then you talked about Joe Torre, formerly of the New York Yankees, now let's talk about Yankees stadium, which closes it's doors, last game ever in Yankee Stadium this Sunday. I know that you live close to the ballpark. Are you sad, Mr.  New Yorker?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker believes that Manny Ramirez deserves to be the MVP of the National League due to his impact on the Dodgers team and the irony of him working with Joe Torre. The speaker also believes that justice should prevail and Manny should win, despite the possibility of it not happening. The speaker is enthusiastic about the drama and excitement of the situation.","questions":"Which team is fading according to PersonA's opinion?","answer":"Milwaukee"}
{"text":["Well, first of all, you know, with the nurses, every hour, every day are stories about the suffering of patients. And every social problem presents in the hospital. And even with the new mandate of the ACA, which has some positives, obviously, what we're finding is that the quality is decreasing. The premiums are increasing. Patients are cutting their pills in half. The out-of-pocket costs are enormous.","I mean, our health shouldn't be a commodity. And that's what's happened. And so fighting for a single-payer system has become a bedrock issue in this campaign. It's always been a bedrock issue for the nurses nationally. And when we joined with the campaign, Bernie Sanders amplified all of the issues of the nurses.","Hillary Clinton, who served the Obama administration and quotes the president a lot on the stump, says that it's just not practical to expect - in the political landscape today to expect the U. S.  Congress to approve a single-payer health care system. And she wants to expand the Affordable Care Act. That's. . .","Hillary Clinton. . ."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The implied meaning of (4) is that Hillary Clinton does not support a single-payer health care system.","questions":"What is Hillary Clinton's stance on a single-payer health care system?","answer":"Not"}
{"text":["What were some of the challenging parts of school?What did you find the hardest?","Reading, studying my lessons. You know, because I had to read more, you know, and because, you know, as you get older, your short-term memory sort of fails you once in a while. So to make sure that you got the material where you could reproduce it, you had to study a little harder and do a little more research.","So tell me what graduation day was like?","Oh, the best day of my life, I guess. Life doesn't get any better. Life doesn't get any better. With my family there, all my friends cheering me on, I felt like I was 16 years old. What a day. What a day. I was happy. Everybody was pleased. They gave me a good ovation. I really enjoyed it. I really did. I cannot explain to you in words my feelings."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : None of the turns in this conversation have implied meanings different from their literal meanings.","questions":"What was challenging for PersonA during school?","answer":"Reading"}
{"text":["Absolutely. And I think, honestly, it would drive more people away from some of these systems except that, in a couple of these cities, a lot of the folks who ride the subway - that really is the only option. If you're in New York or even in parts of downtown Boston or parts of downtown Chicago, switching over to driving is extremely expensive.","And it also gets in the way of what's an important but also largely overlooked role of public transit in the United States, which is that it's an important social service. Particularly once you get outside of the New York cities and Bostons of the world, transit riders are disproportionately low-income. And this is a way that we move around people who can't afford the typical way of moving around for an American, which is owning a private automobile.","Yeah. Any one or two things you'd like to recommend, professor?","If we look to some other countries, you know - and London is a good example. London has been - has really been dramatically working to upgrade its own system, which is as old - actually, older than New York's. One thing London did that I think, ultimately, a lot of American cities are going to have to at least wrestle with is that they started charging drivers for the congestion they cause."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They  are implying cities need better public transit ","questions":"Which role of public transit in the United States is largely overlooked?","answer":"service"}
{"text":["Yes. In Los Angeles, we made a commitment a number of years ago to only purchase any new buses into our fleet that would operate on alternative fuels. And what we have today is the largest compressed natural gas bus fleet in the country. And that's doing a lot to help improve our air quality here.","What's the difference between compressed natural gas and regular gasoline in terms of, you know, how it affects the environment?","Well compressed natural gas is a much cleaner fuel.","You know, let's just take a look at Los Angeles' demographics. You have people from incredibly wealthy to incredibly poor. You have immigrants, native-born people who've come here from other parts of the U. S. , people, of course, who were born here. How do you think L. A. 's demographics affect the need for public transportation?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Compressed natural gas is a cleaner fuel option compared to regular gasoline.","questions":"What type of fuel is cleaner than regular gasoline?","answer":"compressed"}
{"text":["Unfortunately, under the rule, no.","Robert Strassburger, vice president for vehicle safety at the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers.","The sound to be emitted really has to be instantly recognizable as a motor vehicle in operation.","Mr.  Strassburger worked with the National Federation of the Blind to develop the rules. At first, he says, he told them, but we've worked for 30 years to make cars quiet."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A's response implies that the rule does not allow for the requested action.","questions":"What did PersonA say about the rule?","answer":"No"}
{"text":["As a parent, or as a wife, or both?","Well, I mean, how can I answer that?I spend a lot of time at home, especially now that I have kids, so, I'm mostly confronting these situations that involve white people making assumptions about me and my children. But, you know, when we go into Boston, both with my kids and with my husband when he was, you know, my boyfriend, or my fiance, or whatever, and we were living in the city, yes, I think, you know, we certainly got our fair share of double takes and then some. And not very subtle, either, by blacks which I also find just as disconcerting, if not more so.","You mention towards the end of your article that you are hopeful, but not necessarily convinced, that everything is moving in the right direction racially. Why do you think that?","Well, I really just don't know. You know, I am very hopeful because I think that, you know, my biggest fear as a parent is that my kids will somehow feel squeezed between these two identities, and feel forced to choose one. And there are many stories of, you know, friends and acquaintances of mine who are biracial who go through these stages of, you know, rejecting their black parent or feeling embarrassed by their black parent. And then reading \"Malcolm X\" freshman year in college and then rejecting their white parent. I mean, it's a very common thing, or it's not uncommon, at least."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker is concerned about their biracial children feeling pressure to choose between their racial identities.","questions":"Which identity is the speaker concerned about their biracial children feeling pressure to choose between?","answer":"Identities"}
{"text":["Who works her curves fabulously.","She does.","Who actually has designed a big girl bra for Ashley Stewart, she got divorced from Lyzel who, of the song \"Lyzel in E Flat\", which is one of my favorites. But she's announced she's getting hitched again. Who's the lucky man?","A drummer in her band, like called Little John, but is not Little John. That Little John is. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The person being referred to has accomplished many things and is currently engaged.","questions":"Which achievement of the person being referred to is mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Designing"}
{"text":["Sometimes economics are turned on their head. Now, for years, Britain has had controversial austerity measures in place. Olivier Blanchard, the International Monetary Fund's chief economist, likened them to playing with fire. This past week, the IMF published its World Economic Forecast and concluded the fastest-growing economy of any rich country in the world is Britain's. Britain's Chancellor of the Exchequer, George Osborne, led the U. K. 's austerity measures.","He didn't tell the IMF meeting in Washington, D. C.  this week, I told you so, but he did say that the government's plan succeeded despite warnings from some. We're joined by Simon Johnson. He's a former IMF chief economist. Thanks so much for being with us.","My pleasure.","Did the IMF get it wrong?What do you make of these figures?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : turned on their head implies that something unexpected happened","questions":"How did Britain's economy perform according to the IMF's World Economic Forecast?","answer":"Fastest-growing"}
{"text":["My pleasure.","So take us back to 2001 when the Enron scandal broke. What had the company hidden, and how did it come to light?","The company has hidden the fact that it was making up most of its earnings, and rather than having solid profits as it reported, it was actually losing money. And the way this came to light was that some people with the Wall Street Journal had trouble understanding what the company was doing - started raising questions about it. And then the Securities and Exchange Commission, which I suspect reads the Wall Street Journal very closely, began looking into it, and then the whole thing just sort of blew off and exploded.","There are a few names that we remember from this case. Give me an example of a couple of the folks who - a lot of folks said that the hubris was amazing, not, you know, when people were finally identified. So who were some of the key players in this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : He is asking for a historical recap, not literal time travel","questions":"Which year was mentioned in the dialogue as the time when the Enron scandal broke?","answer":"2001"}
{"text":["That's a great question. Things are definitely improving in the eurozone. It is unfortunately too early to say that they're out of the woods or even completely out of their recession.","I gather that most of the growth appears to be centered in Germany and to a lesser degree France. And is this then just a case of work with the best economies to begin with getting a little bit better?","Well, Germany has been the better of the European economies, since they're getting a little bit better. France has struggled. Portugal had some good numbers last quarter. That's encouraging. But you're right, we are still deeply worried about other places, such as Italy, Spain and, of course, Greece.","Well, that brings up the question because unemployment still continues to be perniciously high in Spain and Greece. Does this improvement somehow filter through to them?","Well, it certainly will - should if it continues, but you need faster growth rates than this. The hope is that this is the beginning of a faster recovery. But the way the European economy is, roughly speaking, you need more than 1 percent per year annualized growth rate in order to reduce unemployment. Unemployment's very high. We want to be seeing on an annualized basis 2 percent, perhaps even 3 percent in this recovery phase in order to feel that they've really turned the corner.","You need greater growth to be able to spur greater hiring and to lower the unemployment."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The situation in the eurozone is improving, but it is still not out of the woods yet.","questions":"What is the current state of the eurozone?","answer":"Improving"}
{"text":["We did. We - what we did with the mice was we gave them antibiotics to deplete their sinus microbiome, and then we had them sniff, basically, the corynebacterium species. And, in that context, we saw all the hallmarks of sinus infection, lots of mucin hypersecretion from the host.","And when we did the same and added the lactobacillus species, we didn't see any hallmarks of pathogenesis or infection. And, in fact, when we did another group of mice where we took out their native microbiome, we instilled the protective species along with this pathogen that we've identified. Again, we saw no signs of infections suggesting that the lactobacillus species protected the surface of the sinus and evaded infection by the corynebacterium species.","Now, you know what all these public radio listeners are going to want to know, now. Right?","We'll have to ask it. Where do you get the stuff to snort up your own lactobacillus sake, you know?I want some of that stuff with my health food store."],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The mice were intentionally infected to study the effect of bacteria, rather than catching an actual sinus infection.","questions":"How were the mice treated before they were exposed to corynebacterium species?","answer":"antibiotics"}
{"text":["We're hoping that this research kind of paves the way to looking at novel high-speed adhesives. So how do you grab things - difficult things - very, very quickly?And so, like, if you were to grab something that's dusty, like a brick, or furry, duct tape's not going to be able to stick to either of those things. You know, you're going to have to use something like claws or grabbing mechanisms. But we think that with this new type of thick, viscous fluid coating a very soft substrate, that it will be able to grab oddly textured things very quickly. So in my mind, I'm dreaming of a - like, a frog tongue attached to a drone, and the drone can fly around and pick up packages really quickly and fly away.","Do you mind me asking - after a day in the lab - I'm just guessing- do you just want to go home and fast?I mean, it must be difficult to eat anything.","(Laughter) There are times that - especially in the beginning - where I had the smell of frog in my nose for at least an hour, and I couldn't eat anything. But by the end of the study, I'd been - you know, I was eating frog legs every week - part of the study.","Oh, no. Seriously?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) implies disbelief or shock at A's response in the previous turn.","questions":"What was PersonB's reaction to PersonA's response in turn 2?","answer":"Disbelief"}
{"text":["That is correct. I was a young editor. And Fleming was a charming man. I liked him enormously. I liked him better than I liked his books actually. He had my first novel and was very, very kind to me about that. Ayn Rand was another case all together. She and I really didn't get along. But she was a tough cookie.","Among the many question this novel keeps raising is it invites the reader to try to figure out what are we really?And it's asking what's the position of the novel, the story, not even just the novel as a forum, but the story.","What I've learned doing this kind of work is that fiction is the most conservative of the arts. If you think historically what has happened in music or among the poets - Whitman in the 19th century just destroying romantic poetry and building a whole kind of new thing. The ideas carried along by the artists who keep changing, keep looking for more, or for something truer, something greater. But generally speaking, the insistence on storytelling of a realistic nature has predominated and continued in the old ways. So, what I'm guided by - perhaps it's futile - is Ezra Pound's injunction. When he was talking to the poets, he said make it new, make it new. And that's what must have been provoking me when this book came along.","Well, E. L.  Doctorow. His new novel, \"Andrew's Brain. \"Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : , the phrase \"make it new\" is not suggesting that the reader should literally create something new, but rather that they should explore new ideas and concepts.","questions":"Which phrase from Ezra Pound is discussed in turn 2?","answer":"Make-it-new"}
{"text":["Something happened that I am deeply superstitious about, which is that I was editing the sort of final, final draft of the novel to send out before publishers, and it was night time. And suddenly my vision went white, and I had this incredible pain in my face. And it turned out what had happened was that lightning had hit the barn we were staying in, and it had gone through all of the electrical boxes. And it went up through my computer and through my headphones that were plugged in, into the side of my face. And that was not great, but it did save the document 'cause I think I grounded the electricity. Anyway. . .","(Laughter).","Well, all of this to say that I'm very, very superstitious about this, and I believe that the lightning gave me good luck with the book.","Yeah (laughter)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The turns (2) and (4) are both expressions of laughter, which implies that the speaker is amused by the story being told, rather than the literal meaning of making a noise.","questions":"What is the implied meaning of turn 2?","answer":"Amused"}
{"text":["Joined by David Albright, he's president of the Institute for Science and International Security, speaking with us from Germany. Mr.  Albright, thanks so much for being with us.","Glad to be here.","We're a weekly show, so let let's go back a few days. Before North Korea said it would fire test missiles near Guam, before President Trump said the U. S.  is locked and loaded or vowed fire and fury, there was the news that North Korean had figured out how to put a nuclear bomb on a missile. Now, that's despite talks under the Bush administration or the 1994 deal with the Clinton administration. What's to be done?","Well, I think one is that I think there's time. I mean, the goal, I think, of everybody is to get negotiations going that can lead to denuclearization. People don't want North Korea to have nuclear weapons. It's just too dangerous, and it could cause further proliferation in the region and just constantly create instability that could lead to the use of nuclear weapons. So I think the goal is clear. How to get there is very difficult. And the Washington Post story kind of created a shock that somehow we don't have the time, that we're already in the bull's-eye of North Korea's nuclear weapons. As we sit in Seattle or. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Before North Korea said it would fire test missiles near Guam, before President Trump said the U.S. is locked and loaded or vowed fire and fury, there was the news that North Korean had figured out how to put a nuclear bomb on a missile.\"  In this turn, the literal meaning is that North Korea made an announcement about firing test missiles near Guam and President Trump made statements about being prepared for conflict. However, the implicated meaning is that there were significant events and developments regarding North Korea's nuclear capabilities that preceded these recent announcements.","questions":"How did North Korea's nuclear capabilities develop before the recent announcements?","answer":"Developed"}
{"text":["You know, you've been criticized on both sides of the aisle, as they say now. I think some scientists are saying: Why did you publish - why didn't you publish it in legitimate, peer-reviewed journals first?","Oh, we're following the - I mean, we're following the tradition of science, which is that you distribute this widely to your peers before you publish it. Jim Hansen does the same thing. He puts his papers online. This is a tradition in the field.","Peer review means you present results in a public forum, you distribute pre-prints. Most of my important papers were widely distributed to other scientists far before they appeared. It's the best kind of peer review.","And you challenge anyone to come up with a better explanation."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"It's the best kind of peer review.\" - The actual meaning is that the speaker believes that distributing pre-prints and receiving feedback from other scientists is a valuable form of peer review, even though it is not the traditional peer review process of submitting a paper to a peer-reviewed journal.","questions":"How does the speaker feel about distributing pre-prints as a form of peer review?","answer":"Valuable"}
{"text":["They have to do this because if they don't do this, they end up rolling back into the dung pad. And there's a lot of beetles there, all competing for this very valuable resource, and it's very likely that they get their dung ball stolen after quite a fight often. So they must get away from the dung pad in a straight line. That's the quickest and the most efficient way of leaving the dung pad, and so it's critically important for them that they do this. And so the stripe of light in the sky helps them to do this. They can actually orient with respect to it and orient in straight line away.","So what happens when it's a cloudy night and they can't see the sky?They just don't go out that night?","No, they do but they roll in circles. So it's actually a very dangerous night indeed for dung beetles.","But thankfully, in South Africa where we were working, cloudy nights are not all that common."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : He is implying that the beetles will be blind at night.","questions":"What happens to the beetles on cloudy nights?","answer":"Roll"}
{"text":["He had a very utopian view of how computers would change work, but he had also a kind of warning. He had a very utopian view of how computers would change work, but he had also a kind of warning.","That's computer scientist Eugene Fiume of Simon Fraser University. That's computer scientist Eugene Fiume of Simon Fraser University. Fiume says that despite his concern about the need for rapid re-education, Asimov was an optimist in his predictions. Fiume says that despite his concern about the need for rapid re-education, Asimov was an optimist in his predictions.","What he predicted was that computers themselves would allow people to become researchers and scientists and artists - this idea of replacing that low-level intellectual work and allowing people to improve themselves by looking at higher level intellectual work. What he predicted was that computers themselves would allow people to become researchers and scientists and artists - this idea of replacing that low-level intellectual work and allowing people to improve themselves by looking at higher level intellectual work.","It's hard to say how many laid-off factory workers have moved on to pick up paintbrushes, but Fiume says that Asimov's 1983 essay envisions how, left to their own devices. . . It's hard to say how many laid-off factory workers have moved on to pick up paintbrushes, but Fiume says that Asimov's 1983 essay envisions how, left to their own devices. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Computers can replace low-level intellectual work and allow for self-improvement.","questions":"How can computers facilitate self-improvement?","answer":"Replace"}
{"text":["Right. We're all talking about the wrong thing anyway. Most gun deaths are caused by the guns that people aren't trying to ban right now. You know, we're focused again on assault rifles. They don't kill that many people. In the spectacular shootings, we see the use of so-called assault rifles. But it's - handguns are responsible for most of the gun-related suicides. And that's half the - half the gun deaths in this country. And in the low-level street violence that you see in many cities, it's mainly a handgun issue. So we're not even talking about the things that are causing most of the deaths. But in the media climate in which we exist, these spectacular events get all of the attention. And the shootings on the streets of Chicago - one dead, two dead at a time - they don't get any attention. But that's the - that's the - that's the real center of the gun problem in this country.","Do you think the shootings we saw in San Bernardino do represent something different in - forgive me - the mass-shooting scenario. . .","Right.","Something different than what we've seen, and for that matter - obviously it's speculated at this point - but people who might not have been directed by any kind of authority overseas but inspired by something like that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Turn (2) implies a question, implying that the speaker is asking if the shootings in San Bernardino represent something different than what we've seen in other mass shootings, and if they could be potentially inspired by something like a foreign authority-directed attack.","questions":"How does turn (2) relate to the discussion on the causes of most gun deaths in the country?","answer":"Handguns"}
{"text":["Peter Beinart has written an article for The Atlantic in which he says that the hard attitudes of secular people might be harsher than those of religious groups. He joined us from New York City yesterday afternoon. Mr.  Beinart, thanks so much for being with us. Thank you. We often tie secularism to young people and to tolerance. Is that misguided?","It can be misguided. To be clear, I'm not talking about secularism per se in the sense that a lot of people I'm talking about do believe in God. But there's that percentage who regularly attend church or another religious institution has declined a lot. And what you see is that conservatives who don't regularly attend church may be more supportive of gay marriage and drug legalization than those who do regularly attend church.","But there's some evidence that they're actually more anti-immigrant and perhaps more racially resentful. And we know that it's - Donald Trump did best among conservatives who don't regularly attend church. In fact, I think that shift is part of the reason that he won the Republican nomination.","Well, there are people both liberals and conservatives who for years have resisted being put - well, here I just called them liberals or conservatives - resisted pigeonholes, saying, look, you know, just because I believe in abortion rights doesn't mean I believe something about an economic issue or vice versa."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  The implied meaning of this question is that people often associate certain ideologies with specific beliefs. However, this turn suggests that people should not be pigeonholed into a certain belief system based on one issue.","questions":"Which ideologies do people often associate with specific beliefs?","answer":"Liberal,Conservative"}
{"text":["This seems to be something that President Trump does a lot. He doubles down on controversial comments.","And digs in. When someone tells him he's wrong, he especially digs in.","Yeah. Let's turn to trade now. There are reports that this administration is close to a new round of tariffs on Chinese goods, while they are still opening a new round of talks with Beijing. So what is going on?How should we read this?","Well, there might be something of a disconnect between the president and others in his administration. Others in his administration want to resolve what has been an escalating and ongoing trade dispute with China. What's being discussed here are $200 billion in tariffs on Chinese products. It isn't official yet, but according to many reports, it is coming. The question is whether these tariffs are a means to an end, the idea that you would be tightening the screws on China to get them to change their behavior and that then these tariffs would be dropped, or whether it's an end in itself."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Digs in\" is not literal. It is a metaphor implying that he, like soldiers in a trench, will not back easily away from his position.","questions":"How does the metaphor in turn 1 describe President Trump's behavior?","answer":"Damage"}
{"text":["So we have detected neutrinos, and we have modeled them in such a way to convince us that they are not the dark matter. However, there are lab experiments going on looking for possible dark matter annihilation products. Now what does that mean?That means that - remember, we're in the dark about dark matter. We don't know what the real theory behind it is.","One possibility of the many, many possibilities that are - literally there is, you know, dozens of papers published on this every month about what could dark matter be. One of the possibilities is that dark matter decays somehow to some kind of regular, standard-model particle, and if it does do that, then we may be able to catch those decay products.","So for example, one possibility is we could detect neutrinos that were leftover after dark matter annihilated or decayed. And the way we would know those neutrinos are from dark matter and not from the sun is that they would be coming up from the center of the Earth. So they'd be coming from the wrong direction. And so there's experiments right now underway to try to catch these putative products of dark matter decay in the lab, and thus far, they have not really been successful.","So it's easier to look out into the galaxies and do it - experiment that way."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : This phrase does not mean that the speaker is physically in a dark place or lacks light. It figuratively means that there is a lack of understanding or knowledge about dark matter.","questions":"How does the speaker describe the understanding of dark matter?","answer":"lack"}
{"text":["That's correct. Yes, well, the last thing we've heard it was just outside of Port Fourchon, which is at the lower end of LaFourche Parish. So the winds have been picking up a bit and that's what we're getting ready for here. So far, however, we are putting stuff up on the web and we haven't stopped all night.","I hear people on the radio behind you, you must be at a sort of emergency control headquarters or something?","No, no, not us; we're just communicating with our reporters. We have reporters out in different parts of the parish, and we're trying to keep in touch with them as we can, and get what information they're getting as travel with the authorities.","What are you going to do when your internet connection goes down?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker assumes that the background noise suggests an emergency control headquarters","questions":"Which assumption is made by the speaker regarding the background noise?","answer":"Assumption"}
{"text":["Well, what happened on Tuesday was very interesting. During the day on Tuesday, there was a very small protest. They were in the middle of central Baghdad in Tahrir Square. They were very quickly dispersed by the Iraqi security forces, but then a call went out on social media from people's individual accounts to say, let's go back to the square at 3 o'clock. And the numbers surprised everybody. There were thousands of people in the square who reacted to that, and they all had one real message to the government. That was to end corruption and provide jobs and opportunity.","The government were completely surprised by this, and they sent in the Iraqi army and the police with very heavy-handed tactics. They used live fire. They used tear gas. They used rubber-coated steel bullets. Now, there were a number of deaths that day, and then the protests spread to other parts of the country.","So whatever had happened, it struck a chord with very young people. Now, the median age of the protesters, as far as I can work out, is about 20 years old. These are people who don't remember Saddam Hussein, who, you know, barely remember the U. S. -led occupation of Iraq. What they do remember is the last 10 years and the opportunities that have not been given to them.","And as you have been moving around the streets, reporting, trying to talk to them, what specifically do they tell you that they want?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It affected the young people's emotions when they saw what happened.","questions":"Which emotions were affected by what happened according to the statement?","answer":"Young"}
{"text":["Well, this obviously has been a really long time in coming for the victims of the crimes in Guatemala, and for their country, as well. I think the victims who had an opportunity to testify in the trial proceedings would say that justice ultimately was not denied, as a result of this really historic outcome, that I don't think anybody expected to happen.","Why?","Well, there has been a really remarkable wave of prosecutions for former political leaders who, in days of yore, would have enjoyed a comfortable retirement and not faced any threat of prosecution. And against that history, in Latin America in particular, many former leaders and other senior officials have faced trial in the last 20 years or so. And it's been a notable phenomenon, and has provided inspiration for countries in other regions of the world, as well.","But Guatemala was the really striking holdout from this pattern. And so while one after another country was able to confront its past, not only through historical confrontations, through truth commissions and other means, but also in court. While that was happening in the region broadly, Guatemala was really almost a poster case for enduring impunity. And there were numerous efforts made over many, many years, led by Guatemalans themselves, but with a lot of support from the international community in many different ways. And despite all these efforts, Guatemala was unable, until recently, to bring past leaders to justice."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Justice has been delayed for the victims of crimes in Guatemala.","questions":"How was justice ultimately served for the victims of crimes in Guatemala?","answer":"Not"}
{"text":["Yeah, indeed. Tell us about the damage from the storm. And were people prepared?","You know, people had evacuated low-lying coastal areas that are prone to flooding and that were in danger of a storm surge that would come from a hurricane like this. So people were prepared. But it looks like the main issue is going to be flooding. Here in downtown Mobile, some streets are underwater. South of here in some neighborhoods, there were some high-water rescues overnight - people who lived along waterways stranded in their homes where there are floodwaters.","And as you mentioned earlier, like, something - like, more, than 100,000 people out of power. And this is over a wide area - Mississippi, Alabama and then the Florida Panhandle, as well. So now it's time to sort of see what the damage is and what's next. And this storm is still moving. So there are going to be impacts felt for the rest of the day.","Just briefly - we have about 30 seconds left - are there enough resources to cope with all these disasters?It's been such an intense hurricane season."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : People were evacuated to avoid the storm surge","questions":"Which areas were evacuated during the storm?","answer":"Coastal"}
{"text":["High bar, yeah. So the federal indictment is supposed to be unsealed today. What are you going to be looking for as someone who's been following this case against R.  Kelly for a long time?","Well, I'll be looking for a couple of things - one, looking to see if there are new alleged victims in here. You know, the case that's in state court, there are four alleged victims in there. Many of them were already known. They had either already come forward or - yeah, have already come forward and told their stories of alleged abuse at the hands of R.  Kelly.","I'll also be looking to see when the alleged crimes happened. You know, all of the alleged crimes in state court happened 10 years ago or more. Those kinds of cases are really hard to prove, you know, when they're that old. I'll be interested to see if any of these happened more recently, if there are any allegations that he's done anything in the last decade.","WBEZ reporter Patrick Smith in Chicago for us this morning. Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : There might be more alleged victims in the federal indictment","questions":"Which aspect of the federal indictment is PersonA interested in discovering?","answer":"alleged"}
{"text":["And then we figured out how to pull aluminum out of its oxides, and now we use it everywhere. And platinum group metals are no different. They're very useful in electronics, microprocessors, medical devices, you name it, catalytic converters, renewable energy. And I would love to see a day - whenever that may be - when the platinum group metals are 100 times cheaper than they are now.","I'm reminded of a \"Twilight Zone\" adventure where they learned how to make gold and it was worthless. That's another story, but take us through the steps for your plan stage. Where do we go from here, and what are the steps?","Well, it's a three-phase plan. First of all, we have a technology road map that we've developed that lists every bit and every piece of technology that we need in order to go and extract resources from asteroids. We have some of that technology today and others we need to develop. And so we're slowly but surely piecing together, pulling together all the different pieces of technology that we need to have. Number two, we're going to do asteroid prospecting. And so this means that, first, we're going to develop a series of Arkyd 100 spacecraft to go into low Earth orbit and study the nearest asteroids and make sure that we've found, you know, lots of the other interesting ones that are not yet found and look closer at the ones that we do know of.","And number three?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In (2), the speaker mentions a \"Twilight Zone\" adventure where they learned how to make gold and it was worthless. The literal meaning is that they learned how to make gold, but the implied meaning is that sometimes things that we think are valuable may not be worth much in reality. This is different from the literal meaning of the words spoken.","questions":"How does the speaker in (0) feel about the cost of platinum group metals?","answer":"Cheaper"}
{"text":["Hi, Alex.","So, Barack Obama doesn't actually take office for about two more months. So is it fair to call Mumbai a test for him?","Well, obviously the tremendous economic crisis the country's going through is something that threatens to derail Obama's train before it leaves the station in terms of his inauguration on January 20th. But Alex, when you think about the terrorist attack in Mumbai, what you have is a situation where this has been identified by the American public as a potential point of weakness. The Bush administration has also said that when it comes to vulnerability, there's a pattern with terrorists identifying moments of political transition as prime for attacks. So in so many ways, this is a test for the president-elect, and what we've seen so far is the president-elect being quite aware of it. He had a briefing from Secretary of State Rice on Thanksgiving Day over the phone on the situation. They have established a team of people from the Obama transition team to interact with the State Department operation center. So right now, Barack Obama, I think, is finding himself having to be a quick study, but a quick study with so much on the line - literally the safety of the world.","And Juan, what is the protocol here for how a president-elect handles a situation like this while there is still a current president in office?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Obama is being tested to see if he is capable of successfully managing a crisis.","questions":"How is Obama being tested?","answer":"Awareness"}
{"text":["Thank you.","In general, these hearings, the questioning has been chopped up into five-minute increments back and forth between Democrats and Republicans. Do you think this works, especially for something where we know that there are two very distinct narratives and a great deal of polarization?","I think it can be very productive given the fact that they are planning for it. They are rehearsing. They're having mock sessions - at least the Democrats are, Republicans may be doing something similar - because the five-minute increments are highly disruptive. A trend of questioning tends to peter out at - given five-minute switch from the Republicans to the Democrats and vice versa. So I'm looking for a rather smooth hearing on this one.","Do you think by rehearsing what the Democrats are trying to do is sort of develop a line of questioning and try and get a coherent narrative in place?","Well, the first part of this hearing, I actually testified back in June, and I know that the Democrats at least are preparing for these sort of things in a very conscientious way. And I learned it because they said, listen; when you're out there, we are going to ask you questions about A, B, C, D and E.  And they said they would have graphics for that. I didn't watch the hearings after I testified, but I did see the graphics when they were asking me about them. And that's really a process of building a record as well of what is very important to understand in this event."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It is not chopped but divided bluntly into increments.","questions":"What is the duration of the increments?","answer":"Five-minute"}
{"text":["So when we think of plays like \"Romeo And Juliet,\" quite often they mention - well, in particular \"Romeo And Juliet\" - it mentions nightingales and particularly larks. And indeed would make the sound of a lark. So found - in any other context you could just say, oh, it's a (unintelligible). But found in this context, there's a possibility that it was used, as you say, as a special effect during performance.","Oh, my word. What else have you found that'd we'd enjoy hearing about?","We're just starting to find things that may have been used by actors or the audience - things like clay pipes or hair combs and the old coin.","What will become of the Curtain when you're done?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"And indeed would make the sound of a lark\" - Here, the phrase \"make the sound of a lark\" is not meant to be taken literally, but rather as a metaphor for the sound that the actor would produce, perhaps through singing or whistling, to create the impression of a lark.","questions":"What bird's sound was potentially used as a special effect during the performance?","answer":"Lark"}
{"text":["Well, this technology is fantastic. Basically, if you're about to rear-end someone, this technology will first warn you. And if you don't act, it will hit the brakes for you. And the data show that it could reduce rear-end crashes by 40 percent or more.","Now, I said it will be standard by 2022, but if I buy a new car today, am I likely to have this feature?","Honestly, it's 50-50. If we look at 2019 model year data, about half of the automakers sell vehicles where the technology comes standard. Toyota, for example, and Honda have been making a lot of this technology standard on their vehicles. With the others, you may have to pay thousands of dollars to get that technology.","Is there something troubling about offering a safety feature that can save lives that costs thousands of dollars extra?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"hit the brakes for you\" - This phrase does not imply that the technology physically hits the brakes for the driver, but rather automatically applies the brakes to prevent a collision.","questions":"What does the phrase \"hit the brakes for you\" actually mean?","answer":"Automatically"}
{"text":["He is. But he also made a point when he put out a statement saying they would look at this is that he's still a very strong supporter of the Second Amendment, so I wouldn't expect a big fundamental change here. I think what he's saying is if they can present - and he's directed Republican chairmen to work with Democrats - if they can come up with something that can pass with overwhelming support in the Senate, he would be willing to bring it to the floor. But, again, he's not promising an outcome. He's just promising a debate.","So that's the Republicans. But briefly, Sue, the Democrats are really talking about this, not just as a gun debate but also as a hate crime, right?","Right. It wasn't just about guns. It was about race, and they have noted that there's things that they could look for this fall in spending bills to beef up how the government spends its resources to combat white supremacy. And that might be a different kind of debate we hear this fall.","All right. That's NPR's congressional correspondent Sue Davis. Thank you so much."],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Democrate are really taking about race and resources to combat white supremacy.","questions":"Which specific topic are the Democrats discussing in addition to gun control?","answer":"White"}
{"text":["If I had any confidence that another state would follow suit, I would agree with you. But we have watched as, really, only two states in the nation have done truly independent congressional redistricting. Neither of them are what I would call red states. And one of them is California, the state with the largest number of congressional seats in the country. And even though California moved forward with their independent redistricting, not one Republican state followed suit. So if what we're trying to do is have more Republicans in Congress, then I would say, yes, we back Governor Hogan's plan and just change it in Maryland.","But this sounds a little bit like a playground argument. Well, if they're not going to do it, I'm not going to do it, either, regardless of what may be right.","Well, that's what my bill solves. It allows for two states to do it simultaneously. And hopefully, that then moves a process forward that other states can then join.","Is there buy-in from Virginia?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker's bill allows for more states to follow suit in independent congressional redistricting.","questions":"How does the PersonA's bill aim to encourage more states to adopt independent congressional redistricting?","answer":"Join"}
{"text":["The White House appears to have been caught off guard by the book. There seemed to have been no unified strategy in some ways. I mean, they sort of just let the president take the ball and run with it.","Yeah. Well, look. This book - this is a question that I have - and I've been unable to get an answer from the White House since Wednesday - which is, how many people in the White House cooperated with this book?How many comms staff were in interviews - these interviews that Mike Wolff supposedly had - walking into the White House, roaming around, in his words?","They say he never met with the president in the Oval Office. Michael Wolff says he does. There's a lot of confusion about how much access and how much participation the White House had with this book. So they shouldn't be caught off guard, I think, based on the level of access that Wolff appears to have. And they haven't been quite forthright about what level that is.","I talked to somebody who was interviewed who said there was a comms person, somebody in the West Wing in the White House - there was a comms person in that interview with him. How many other interviews were like that?And I think that that - we should keep that in mind when we hear sort of these calls that this is this is tabloid trash, that nobody in the White House knew what was happening or that this was all Steve Bannon."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The White House had no clear plan for the book and let the president handle it alone.","questions":"Which department at the White House appeared to have contributed to the interviews in Michael Wolff's book?","answer":"Comms"}
{"text":["Yeah. Marianne really is a kind of civilian commander, (laughter) in all ways, of this group, isn't she?","Yeah. In the preface of the book, we see the resisters originally coming together and starting to think of conspiring. And in the context of that, Marianne offers to be the commander of widows and orphans, should it come to that. And it's sort of an offer she makes somewhat in jest. It doesn't feel real at that time - that it could get to that level. But then in the end, her own words come back to haunt her. And that's what inspires her to bring the other two together and to keep searching for others, as well.","I want to be careful with historical analogies because Nazi Germany is the precedent that people - it seems of all political stripes - cite as the nightmare we want to avoid. But what about readers who see parallels between the 1930s Germany in your book and in history and anything we're living through today.","I think, for me, what I felt was really relevant when I was writing this book was the question of - what did ordinary Germans, the people whose lives sort of touched very peripherally on the darkness experienced during that time - and how did they let this happen?How did they either not see it or blind themselves to it?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker's use of a certain word or phrase may have a hidden connotation or subtext that is meant to convey a particular idea or message, such as irony or euphemism.","questions":"What is the subtext of the word or phrase used by the speaker in turn 3?","answer":"Irony"}
{"text":["And so it seemed to be really impervious to this kind of judicial reckoning. And the fact that it's happened is, of course, all the more remarkable, because of the obstacles that had to be overcome to reach this day.","It's interesting: The current president of Guatemala served under General Rios Montt all those years ago, and he says he accepts this verdict, and will carry out the measures ordered by the tribunal in terms of apologies, but he also said there was no genocide.","Well, he was a general during the period of Rios Montt's rule, and given his own background, it was expected that he would put up more resistance than he has to this trial. And as you said, he has said he respects the ruling of the court, but he has said it's not a genocide. It is a very powerful verdict. It's - genocide has been described repeatedly as the crime of crimes, and it's very difficult to prove in a court of law. And that's one of the other reasons why this verdict was widely seen as a landmark.","So, you know, his reticence is notable. I hope that he continues to maintain the position that he will respect the rule of law in this case, as the proceedings go forward."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The current president of Guatemala acknowledges the verdict but denies genocide","questions":"Which crime has been repeatedly described as the crime of crimes?","answer":"Genocide"}
{"text":["But Joan Warren, another reader, saw it this way. She wrote: I think it's incumbent upon voters to rise above this kind of distraction. The responses from both campaigns, reaction from our readers, and the photo from his trip to Africa that we're talking about is on the front page of our blog right now. So people can go and check it out.","So we also covered the president's trip to the continent of Africa. What's been the response on the blog?","Well, you know, all sorts of video and photos of President Bush dancing and making nice with the locals in Africa are all over the Web. On our blog we talk specifically about what his Africa legacy would be. The blogger D. J. Black Adam wrote on our site: Dare I say his record will be better than that of our first so-called black president, Bill Clinton?However, his administration has done nothing regarding Darfur. Overall grade: F+ in contrast to Bill Clinton's F.  So some tough words there.","What else is getting traffic on the blog?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Joan Warren believes voters should not be distracted by the controversy surrounding the photo from Bush's trip to Africa.","questions":"How did Joan Warren feel about the controversy surrounding the photo from Bush's trip to Africa?","answer":"Damage"}
{"text":["Yeah. So yesterday afternoon about 2 p. m. , I had actually one of our local news reporters at our paper come into my office. And he said, Anne, you have to Google Michigan chalking tires and tell me what you think. So it was a quick conversation and a phone call to our police chief to say, how do we make sure that we're compliant with it?The DDA, like many throughout the state, monitors all the parking throughout the downtown. So we currently hire a parking ambassador to monitor those spaces and make sure that people either park correctly or aren't parking over time.","And she was using the chalk method, I understand.","So yeah. What she usually does is, when she marks a car in, she marks the tire with a piece of chalk. And then she also takes down the license plate number and the time that the car checked into that lot or parking space.","Your parking ambassador who writes the tickets is a staff of one. How does this ruling affect her?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"And she was using the chalk method, I understand\" and (3) \"So yeah. What she usually does is, when she marks a car in, she marks the tire with a piece of chalk\" are the turns whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings. In these turns, \"the chalk method\" and \"marks the tire with a piece of chalk\" are both idiomatic expressions that refer to the practice of using chalk to mark a parked car's tire for parking enforcement purposes.","questions":"What is the idiomatic expression used to refer to the practice of using chalk to mark a parked car's tire for parking enforcement purposes?","answer":"Chalk"}
{"text":["Largely because the Algerian move to split the groups had failed. One of the groups they thought they'd fought off decided to join al-Qaida in the Islamic Maghreb, moving south and trying to occupy the rest of Mali. And that forced the French to intervene earlier than they intended, and they forced the Algerians to attempt, in some way, to help in this process by allowing French over flights over Algeria.","And tell us about the Algerian government's interest here. This government has been - this is a country that's been very quiet compared to its neighbors who have been roiled since the Arab Spring.","Well, Algeria, partly because of the civil war in the 1990s, was able to avoid the worst outcomes of the Arab Spring, in the sense that the regime was able to continue there. And Algeria, too, feels that it should be the dominant power inside the region. It's, therefore, tempted to avoid, allowing other states to intervene in Mali, which is along its southern border. And it's also trying to create a defense force of 25,000 men to try to counter the activities of Islamist groups along its borders. But that really has failed.","And beyond that, too, the Algerians are extremely ambivalent about the French presence there, but they've come to realize that they can't deal with the problem without the French participating too. So all in all, the Algerian government is extremely frustrated, very irritated, embarrassed and now feels that it's got to accept something, which in the past it would never have dreamt of accepting."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The Algerian government reluctantly accepts French help in dealing with the problem in Mali","questions":"What does the Algerian government accept in dealing with the problem in Mali?","answer":"French"}
{"text":["Ground-based solar is only good when the sun is shining. And this applies to wind energy, too. It's only good when the wind is blowing. You have to have fossil fuel generators, standing by to pick up the load when the wind stops blowing, or the sun stops shining. So that has to be figured into the economics of wind- and ground-based solar. And, of course, you don't have either of those problems with a solar power satellite.","What would my electricity bill look like if I were getting solar power beamed down from satellites?What would it cost me?","That is hard to come by, but the best estimates we have, it's somewhere between eight to 20 cents a kilowatt hour.","Well 20 cents a kilowatt hour would be very expensive electricity."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"very expensive electricity\" - This turn has a figurative meaning, as the term \"expensive\" is relative and varies depending on the person's perspective and circumstances. The actual cost of electricity may not be considered high by some people, while others may view it as unaffordable.","questions":"What is the figurative meaning of \"very expensive electricity\" in turn 3?","answer":"Figurative"}
{"text":["Its impact has been on all aspects of Iranians' lives. They have problems in buying their usual daily foods. Prices have soared three or four times. They have problems in buying medication. If we want to talk about, for example, in the medical field, most of the drugs are now founding with much higher prices. Some of them cannot be found easily. So it affects their health.","What are you seeing?What does that look like firsthand?","Yeah. For example, in our field, physicians have to prescribe drugs that might be less effective, that might have more side effects. And they are affordable by the people in operations, in surgeries. We have shortage of devices. People must stay longer waiting for their operation, and it affects their health.","You mentioned some equipment. Can you give an example of that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Lack of medical resources and delayed operations have negative effects on patients' health.","questions":"Which patients are affected by lack of medical resources and delayed operations?","answer":"Patients"}
{"text":["So crack down on the doctors, but make sure there's a support system ready for their patients.","Absolutely. And the thing is - and this is so beautiful - is that when you get to watch lives change. For myself, you know, I used to get up every single morning thinking, you know, where am I going to get my pills?And that occupied my entire day. Now, keep in mind, I was a practicing physician. So I had some other things to do. And that's what people who are, you know, who are addicted are facing every single day.","And now, you know, providing them with quality help and watching them change their lives is one of the most fun things that I've ever been involved with. We need to make that opportunity more widespread. We need to decrease the stigma around stepping out and ask for help. And also, Sacha, we need to make evidence-based treatment available without the stigma that goes along with it.","That's Dr.  Steven Loyd. He's based in Nashville, Tenn. Thanks for talking with us."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"That's Dr. Steven Loyd. He's based in Nashville, Tenn. Thanks for talking with us.\"  The literal meaning of this turn is simply an introduction to Dr. Steven Loyd. The implied meaning is that the interview has ended and the interviewer is thanking Dr. Loyd for his time and participation.","questions":"What is the name of the doctor being introduced in turn 3?","answer":"Steven"}
{"text":["What about William Thompson, Jr. ?Originally of Brooklyn, now of Manhattan. He actually won the Democratic nomination four years ago and ran an unexpectedly close race.","Oh, absolutely. And interestingly enough, he's been part of the New York political establishment for a very long time. You hear people refer to him as Billy, because he's William Thompson, Jr.  His father was prominent in politics, generally well-liked in very much a known quantity.","Bill de Blasio of Brooklyn, the public advocate.","An interesting man - I guess you could still call him a young man. I was about to call him a young man. I've known him since we were both running around in sneakers. But he was an aide to David Dinkins. He was the campaign manager for Hillary Clinton when she ran for Senate here in New York and served a couple of terms in the New York City Council. So, he's been in and around this stuff for decades and now he thinks it's his time to go for the big chair."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Turn not provided. Please provide a turn for me to analyze.","questions":"How long has Bill de Blasio been involved in New York politics?","answer":"Decades"}
{"text":["Indeed. And on that note, let's get to some of what are listeners had to say, shall we?So Kyle Smith(ph) writes, \"As a person of color and a news junkie, I've really come to depend on this show to offer more of a rounded view on current events. The show is truly a lifeline for me during a day that is color-deprived. \"And Sharon Oshalle(ph), just to give some indication of the kind of listeners we have, says, \"I'm a white, 40-year-old woman, and News & Notes is the only window I have into the perspective that it offers. In my white suburban world, all I get of black perspective are MTV and the Philadelphia City News. It's refreshing to tune in to News & Notes and see other sides of the culture. Isn't that what public radio is all about?Giving voice to different types of people so we can all appreciate each other. \"And as you said, you know, some kudos for you, too. Aaron Coleman(ph)= says this, \"I absolutely love me some Farai Chideya. Somebody find her a venue. Journalists of her caliber need voice because ears are starving. \"","That's beautiful.","Yeah. And we also have some response from listeners who want to know what they can do to help. Monica McClendon(ph) asks, \"Can you guys move to a less costly area?The South has all kinds of options. \"So I don't know about starting the day with a biscuit and some sweet tea, but\u2026","Mmm, not a bad option."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : on that note means speaking of which, or they are moving the discussion forward with a topic that was mentioned.","questions":"How does the phrase \"on that note\" contribute to the flow of the conversation?","answer":"Transition"}
{"text":["So he did leave some wiggle room because he said that there are all kinds of good reasons for the government to want to include the citizenship question on the census. But the reason that the government actually gave was a pretext; it was a fake reason. And so this leaves open the possibility of coming back and saying, from the government, here's our new reason. Is this good enough for you, Chief Justice Roberts?And since he's the controlling vote, what he thinks on that question is likely going to be determinative.","But can they come back if, essentially, they were rejected because their previous reasoning was seen as disingenuous?","Well - so I think that, legally, there is a way to make an argument that the opinion the court issued last month did not completely close the door. But it's still going to have to convince a number of judges that it is a good enough reason and not yet another pretext.","There's also been talk about the president circumventing all of this by issuing an executive order. Is that realistic?Is that legally viable?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : An argument can still be made to convince judges that the new reason is not pretext","questions":"How can judges be convinced of the new reason's validity?","answer":"Argument"}
{"text":["Yeah, yeah. Hopefully, you know?So whereas in America, you know, you sort of smoothed the edges and you've just put, you know, you've put makeup on. That's what you've done. We're still in the very, you know, you still see all of our imperfections. Whereas in America you try to put a lot of makeup, but the imperfections are still there. And I find that that's the most interesting thing for me.","The changes that we've seen in South Africa over those 17 years are little short of phenomenal.","Yes. It's been amazing. It was a bloodless revolution, you know, because the difference has been - in America, black people have been fighting for their freedom and for their identity and so on, but as a minority. In South Africa, you had a white majority rule, ruling over \u2014 I mean, this is Africa. This is the home of black. It was the black factory. So I mean this is, you know, it was a very different story and never before has there been a bloodless revolution in Africa.","Is there much of a tradition of comedy in South Africa, particularly tweaking the powers that be?You don't think of John Vorster. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is contrasting the peaceful transition to democracy in South Africa with the ongoing struggles of black people in America to achieve equality. Implicated meaning: The speaker is highlighting the unique historical context of South Africa's transition to democracy and the significance of the peaceful transition.","questions":"Which country had a bloodless revolution according to the speaker?","answer":"South"}
{"text":["For political directive, sure.","Yeah. Yeah.","It's not Abraham Lincoln and his team of rivals.","They're like instruction manuals for how to run the government."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Political directives are similar to instruction manuals for running the government.","questions":"What are political directives similar to?","answer":"Instruction"}
{"text":["Yeah. That is right because he has been uploading a number of videos on YouTube. He was calling, basically, for the killing off of nonbelievers.","You talk about wanting the authorities to take action against Zaharan. But did you get any sense in recent years that he was attracting followers or that you saw men being drawn to radical groups?","At the time, you know, we thought that Zaharan was a loner and that, you know, he had no major following as such, except a few people in his hometown. But in 2018, December, we realized that there were basically a bunch of youths going around and damaging Buddhist statues. And we found out that Zaharan has been their mentor.","So this was in one particular village. You're saying that back in December of 2018, there were some young people who defaced some Buddhist statues."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"calling for the killing off of nonbelievers\" - This phrase does not literally mean that the person is calling for the killing of nonbelievers, but rather it suggests that the person is promoting violent extremist ideologies and possibly inciting violence against nonbelievers.","questions":"What was Zaharan doing that suggests he was promoting violent extremist ideologies?","answer":"Promoting"}
{"text":["Well, what keeps you up at night?What do you worry about?","Well, I'm worried that this process is getting chaotic. Two and a half years ago, Great Britain had a referendum, decided to leave the European Union. But it did not decide what kind of future relationship it wanted with the 27 member states.","And because this was all about free trade, you have to know that half of the trade of Great Britain is with the other 27 EU member states, and the other half is with other countries in the world, foremost among them, the U. S.  and China. We're one year and four months into the negotiation process. And here, finally, is the proposal of Great Britain - what future relations should be. That's a bit late in the process. This particular proposal should have been there on day one.","Now, at the moment, there are 3 million EU citizens living in Great Britain, and about 1. 2 million British live in EU countries. Their rights are undefined, so it's not clear what they can do. And as you get closer to the deadline, these people are really worried. And by the way, there are industries in which there are quite a few foreigners, so if you take them out all at once, you may also have a problem keeping it going.","In the Netherlands, we know we have 30,000 businesses, mostly small and medium enterprises, that export only to EU countries, Great Britain included. That means that they've never seen a Customs and Excise control officer. They will have to get used to go through Customs and Excise."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Great Britain's proposal for future relations with the EU came late in the negotiation process","questions":"How timely was Great Britain's proposal for future relations with the EU?","answer":"Late"}
{"text":["Tell me about it.","I was teaching in a program called Community Studies, which was an interdisciplinary program, work-study program. You'd go to school for a while, and then you'd go out and work, and then you'd come back and write about it. And there was a woman enrolled in one of my classes who had four kids, and a husband in San Quentin. Her third husband, by whom she had no kids. This was in the 1980s, when San Quentin was experimenting with conjugal visits. She'd say, Mr.  Young, I won't be in class because it's conjugal visiting day at the 'Q'. And so I finally ask her about it. And her body language was of two kinds. She was smiling and obviously joyous when she talked about how it was to go see her husband once a month.","And then her body language changed and she got very severe, and she sat up in her seat across from my desk, and she said, and when I get back to my - to Santa Cruz, and I'm trying to do my schoolwork and take care of my kids, do my job, he can't mess with me because he's locked up in the joint. And this kind of thing. So she had obviously solved her problems. She had her man, but you know, she didn't have to put up with him all the time. But the subtext of it is about our society's policy of just warehousing people, so it's a matter of priorities.","In your work as not just a poet but as a teacher, what's your mission?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The woman in the program had to balance schoolwork, work, and taking care of her kids while also visiting her husband in prison","questions":"Which program did the woman enroll in?","answer":"Community-Studies"}
{"text":[". . . You are from this area - born in D. C. , raised in Maryland and Virginia - the DMV, as we like to say. So what's it like to be back home now that you're blowing up like this?Can you go to, like, the CVS if you want to without being recognized?","Yeah. I definitely can go to the CVS. You know, sometimes people recognize me, sometimes they don't. But it's a beautiful feeling, and I just can't wait to move back eventually.","How did you start singing or how did you realize you could sing?","I don't know. I just was always singing. I didn't know if it was good or not, but my grandma, she told me that I sounded like an angel. And that maybe - perhaps that kept me going. I mean, I always wanted a solo at the church, and they didn't ever give it to me. But eventually they did, and I froze. But then I killed it. And I just feel like that kind of just followed me all throughout my life."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The phrase \"blowing up like this\" does not literally mean that the speaker is exploding, but rather that they are becoming popular and gaining fame","questions":"How does the phrase \"blowing up like this\" describe the PersonA's situation?","answer":"Fame"}
{"text":["Debates can matter. They may not decide the race. Lots of social scientists have told us over and over that they don't. And there's polling evidence that their impact is perhaps limited and temporary. But in the popular imagination, including those of a lot of us journalists, the debates are a dramatic moment. They're a dramatic high point in the campaign. And they come just at the time when people are starting to really pay attention.","And in fact, in some states, even starting to vote.","That is correct. They - a number of states have begun their voting as of the Friday of this past week.","Yeah. Both sides right now claim, oh, you know, we just hope to hold our own. We think the other side is such a better debater."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In turn (4), the actual meaning is that both sides are downplaying their chances of success in the debate, even though they may privately believe that they will perform better than the other side. The implied meaning is that both sides are likely overestimating their own abilities and underestimating their opponent's abilities, and that the outcome of the debate may be more uncertain than either side is willing to admit.","questions":"How are both sides approaching the outcome of the debate?","answer":"Downplaying"}
{"text":["Well, we fought three wars in the 20th century in Europe - we had World War I, we had World War II and we had the Cold War - because we believed that a stable united Europe was our best partner to deal with the challenges in the world. If that was true in the 20th century, it's even more true in the 21st century when it is the only partners we can find militarily, economically and politically around the world that we can count on. They're not doing enough, but they're doing more than anybody else.","If your board were to go under, were to collapse, where nationalism would ignite the kinds of dangers we saw in the 1920s, in the 1930s, we, the United States, would suffer in the same way that we did in the 1920s and 1930s.","Ivo Daalder is president of the Chicago Council on Global Affairs, former U. S.  ambassador to NATO. Thanks so much.","It's my pleasure."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  The speaker is politely acknowledging and expressing their pleasure at being part of the conversation, while also implying that they are open to further discussion.","questions":"How did the speaker respond to being part of the conversation?","answer":"Pleasure"}
{"text":["Yeah.","And, you know, that's OK.  We don't have to approve of every facet of an artist's life to find their work interesting or significant, but the context does change.","What does that mean for us as viewers?Does it mean that we should stop watching these movies?","Everybody has to make their own choice in that regard. But for me, I look at these things in a purely selfish way, like as a viewer, which is how much extra dramatic information is getting in the way of my enjoying this work. And am I really thinking about the work when I watch it?Or am I thinking about the person who made it and disliking them or just being upset about them in some way?And if the answer's the latter, I probably don't want to watch that anymore.","I want to look at Louis C. K. , in particular. You know, his comedy, actually, was often celebrated because it seemed to address men and their foibles. What did you think of his comedy?And what do you think now?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"the context does change\" - The literal meaning of this turn is the statement itself, indicating that the context of an artist's life affects how their work is perceived. The actual meaning is that the context of an artist's life should be taken into account when evaluating their work, even if it does not necessarily diminish its value.","questions":"How does the context affect the perception of an artist's work?","answer":"Perception"}
{"text":["He went to his local bar and he didn't sit on the sidelines there. He took center stage and actually played a kind of Balkan fiddle called a gusle. And everyone stood around and clapped and applauded him. And he was sitting under a portrait of Radovan Karodzic, this man who was the hero for most of the people in the bar. And not one of them spotted the resemblance.","He lived across the stairwell in his block of flats from a woman who worked with Interpol. And her - every time she went into work, she logged on to her computer and saw the world's most wanted, including Osama bin Laden and Radovan Karodzic. And the penny never dropped. It was like a long-running performance that only came to an end really when his brother made a vital slip.","He made a phone call, right?What happened?","He made a phone call. And he used a SIM card that he shouldn't have used. It was one that was on the files of the people chasing Karodzic.","To put you on the spot a bit, does a sentence like this that comes 21 years after the Srebrenica massacre serve as a deterrent to alleged war crimes being committed today, let's say in Syria and\/or Iraq?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Karodzic's brother's use of the SIM card was the final piece of evidence needed to identify him.","questions":"What was the crucial piece of evidence in identifying Karodzic?","answer":"SIM"}
{"text":["They're placing a lot of their hopes on the Chevy Volt, the electric car that's due out at the end of 2010. What do you think about that, and do you think that that's enough to help the company?","In reading through the General Motors restructuring plan, they talk about it as if it's the next Ford Model T.  I think the language that they use is a fundamental reinvention of the American automobile industry. And, you know, I hope it is, but you have to be skeptical about anything coming out that will fundamentally reinvent the industry, at least at this stage. It's too mature an industry right now.","Is there anything that GM can say when they go before Congress tomorrow and Friday?Is there anything that they should do, do you think, that could save it?","Their objective in going to Congress is not to save the industry. Their objective in going to Congress is to get money from Congress. And if you read through these documents, they are - especially the General Motors document, it is full of really shameless Americanizing, patriotic propaganda. It's geared to getting the money, and that's their objective. And I believe they will come away from Washington with money."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : patriotic propaganda implies that General Motors is using pro American speech to get taxpayer funds for their own purposes","questions":"How is General Motors using language to appeal to Congress?","answer":"Americanizing"}
{"text":["I'm well. I'm going to read a bit from the editorial. You're answering attacks on Maryland Representative Elijah Cummings and on his district, which includes Baltimore. And you wrote, (reading) it's not hard to see what's going on here. The congressman has been a thorn in this president's side, and Mr.  Trump sees attacking African American members of Congress as good politics, as it both warms the cockles of the white supremacists who love him and causes so many of the thoughtful people who don't to scream.","So it seems that you think this is all very much premeditated, and it's not just, as some have said, the president responding to Fox News.","Yes. Well, I think it clearly is - both things are going on at the same time. I think Fox News gives him the ammunition he needed, and he gave it probably about, you know, two seconds of thought to find an opportunity to slam Representative Cummings who, of course, has been critical of his border policy, and so he took it. And so 750,000 people woke up in the 7th District yesterday being told that they were the worst place in the country by the president of the United States.","When you first read those tweets, what was your thought?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : When you read the social media post, what did you think?","questions":"Which district was Representative Elijah Cummings attacked for in the social media post?","answer":"7th"}
{"text":[". . . I think, who was - who was poisoned by, we think, we believe, some of his former colleagues. Yes. I think it was partly inspired by that. But it was partly, I think, inspired by the fact that Russia and particularly the Russian intelligence services seemed to be getting more aggressive. And now I'm an outsider, you have to remember, so I have no inside knowledge. But we read that there are just as many Russian intelligence officers in London, in the West in general, as there were during the Cold War. And you have to ask yourself what they're all doing. And that's one of the things I do ask myself when I'm writing fiction.","We have to crack open the story of this week. U. S.  security services this week say they're convinced that it was Russian hackers working for the government who hacked into the files of the Democratic National Committee. And they leaked material to have some palpable effect on the elections. Does that strike you as plausible?","It's plausible. But then there are many people who could have hacked into those files, not only the Russian intelligence service. So you have to remember that, you know, there are many people with that capacity and many reasons for leaking. I very much doubt that it's all as straightforward as it might appear.","I've read that you were the first official from British intelligence to meet with the KGB after the change."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The implication of this turn is that the speaker was one of the first British intelligence officers to meet with the KGB after the fall of the Soviet Union.","questions":"What was the organization that the speaker met with after the fall of the Soviet Union?","answer":"KGB"}
{"text":["And how much room would you need to store all the information in the world?","So we - I did a quick calculation the other day on the back of an envelope for that one, and I think you could do all the information in the world in one and a half cubic meters. So it would sort of go in the back of your station wagon, I guess.","Wow, I'd be careful about where I was driving if I had. . .","It would be really heavy. It would be bound to the suspension."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : how much room means how much space is there","questions":"Which measurement does PersonA provide for storing all the information in the world?","answer":"cubicmeters"}
{"text":["In the book, you describe what could be seen as a very mundane moment. Stax's owner, Jim Stewart, seated at a small desk in a small office. And across from him at the same desk is a man named Al Bell. I'd like you to read just a little bit for us.","(Reading) Jim was white. Al was black. Jim owns Stax Records. Al was joining the staff to promote the records - get them played, get them sold. It was 1965 in Memphis, Tennessee, the heart of the American South. Throughout this wide region, race mixing was nothing short of an assault on the social realm. Inside Stax Records, whites and blacks had worked side by side for half a decade. People who couldn't publicly dine together were making beautiful music that the public - black and white - loved to hear.","There was a core group that became kind of a house band.","Booker T and the MGs."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The second turn implies that Jim and Al working together at the same desk was an act of defiance against the racial norms of the time.","questions":"How was race mixing viewed in the American South during the time period mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"assault"}
{"text":["So I shaved my head kind of as a social experiment, you know?And sure enough, no more hey, baby, you know?But suddenly I was public enemy No. 1. People thought I was a skinhead or some kind of punk that was going to break something or steal something.","People were visibly intimidated - which, again, here's a girl moving through the world, craving eye contact, craving human connection, even fleeting connection, passersby, you know?And so the fact that people no longer even would look me in the eye was - it really weighed on me, and it started to accumulate in my chest. Even people who are politely nervous just eventually enraged me.","(Singing) I am not an angry girl, but it seems like I've got everyone fooled. Every time I say something they find hard to hear, they chalk it up to my anger and never to their own fear.","You had - as you talked about in the book, you were struggling with this idea of how to make art and how to sell your art or even if you should."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Others attribute the speaker's opinions to anger rather than listening to them","questions":"What did people attribute the PersonA's opinions to?","answer":"Anger"}
{"text":["There were some in the immediate crowd, Scott, who were smiling. But the president chose to make his tour of the damage in a rather affluent area where the damage was not so severe. Elsewhere on the island, these remarks seemed surreal. Plus, there was his rather cavalier comment about Puerto Rico's debt crisis, which is quite severe and which he dismissed and said, well, that's gone. That's gone. That's gone. Well, the next day, the president's budget director had to walk that back and say we shouldn't take that word for word. And all of this gave the impression that the president wasn't taking Puerto Rico as seriously as he did the hurricane disasters in Texas and Florida.","Did he leave a different impression the next day in Las Vegas?","You know, he did, and very much so. Whether it was recompense or whether the Vegas shooting just got to him on another level, one of his most authentic moments, really, of apparent empathy since he took office.","We're getting a tweet from president - from President Trump. Or we're not getting it. But he's tweeted, I called Chuck Schumer yesterday to see if the Dems would do a great health care bill. Obamacare is badly broken, big premiums. Who knows?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The president's attitude towards Puerto Rico and their debt crisis was dismissive and uncaring.","questions":"What was the president's attitude towards Puerto Rico's debt crisis?","answer":"Dismissing"}
{"text":["You know, Salvini's popularity soared to almost 40%, thanks to his anti-immigrant policy. He wanted to take advantage of that to become the next government leader. But yesterday he received a stinging rebuke from Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte, who accused him of institutional recklessness that can lead to political uncertainty and financial instability. And one opposition leader accused Salvini of creating a climate of hatred that's led to a sharp rise in racist attacks against people of color.","OK. So tell us a little bit more about Salvini 'cause this guy is clearly freaking out the European Union in many ways.","Absolutely. You know, after his nationalist League Party formed this very unlikely alliance with the anti-establishment Five Stars Movement, which is the biggest party in parliament, Salvini quickly took over the government agenda. Five Stars went along with his tough anti-immigrant measures. They even approved his parliamentary immunity when Salvini was investigated for holding migrants hostage while not allowing them to disembark at an Italian port. And Five Stars never complained about Salvini's savage criticism of the European Union and its regulations, which he describes as a ball and chain on Italy's foot.","Italy's one of the EU's largest economies. Like some other populist-led countries, Salvini pushed his government to challenge the whole idea of European integration. And, you know, Salvini has also raised alarms with his language, which critics say echoes that of the fascist dictator Benito Mussolini.","Wow."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : soared in this context means to go up, or increase significantly.","questions":"What did Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte accuse Salvini of?","answer":"Recklessness"}
{"text":["You know, it can be a little dangerous at times. A lot of times you're setting your ladder in the ice and you're looking for a dry spot to put the ladder. And sometimes you use a van and you try to back the van up or at least get the tire up against the ladder so that you don't have any chance of that ladder skipping out on you. And, you know, in the elements, you get a little hasty sometimes 'cause you're in a hurry. And that's where, you know, you've still got to take your time. At its coldest is when you're at your busiest. I've been out 12, 13, 14-hour days before. You learn to dress for it.","How do you dress for a 14-hour day in let's say 25-degree temperatures?","Well, it can be tricky because there's times you're coming into a warm building, and you're way overdressed, and you begin to sweat. And if you start to sweat, it can be really bad when you go back out in the elements 'cause now you're really cold so you need to bring some dry socks. Usually, I'll wear some thermals. I'll wear multiple layers, and I'll take layers off, put layers back on.","What about this method for keeping your hands warm?(Blows on hands)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The literal meaning of (2) is asking for advice on what to wear in cold temperatures. The implied meaning is to show a genuine interest in understanding the best way to dress for such weather.","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue implies that PersonB is not just asking for advice on what to wear but is genuinely interested in the topic?","answer":"2"}
{"text":["Yeah, he loved it. He totally loved it, because he's not musical. He doesn't play an instrument. So, you know, I think when he's writing, it's a basic, almost like a poetry kind of - he's just writing with a little beat in his head. But when he hears a song of his completely flushed out with melody and instrumentation, it really bowls him over.","MR.  DAN AUERBACH: (Singing) How you were?In my sleep. (Unintelligible) never keep. . .","A number of songs that you've done as half of half of the Black Keys have wound up in films and in TV shows and even video games. The tune \"Strange Times\" appeared on the radio station in Grand Theft Auto IV. How do you feel about your music winding up in these places?","I think it's cool. I mean, you know, they don't play music much on the radio anymore, you know, not major radio. Getting our music out there anyway possible, it's the way to go, and video games are pretty huge, although I can't really play video games. I don't know. The modern video games kind of - they're too three dimensional. Have you ever played the. . ."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : When he hears a song of his completed with music and song he gets really excited and impressed.","questions":"What really impresses him?","answer":"Music"}
{"text":["Well, first of all, you have to question your decision as to whether or not you're at the end of the road. You're in the road if somebody's hitting on you, no doubt about it, you're at the end of the road. But you have to really question, am I at the end of the road?Or am I just at the beginning of a road where I need help. You need to go to a marriage counselor to make sure that decision needs to be made.","In this current economic situation where houses have lost value, I mean, it's unique in that sense, sometimes, and that's usually the biggest asset that anybody has, that has, and there's been a study done on it recently, compelled people who would otherwise divorce to stay together. So once you have, made a decision that economically, it is not feasible, you have to make it emotionally reasonable, and you have to do something to address the emotional issues that you have because you simply cannot get out.","If you just had one sentence of advice for someone who really does think that they've reached the end of the road, but the other person in the relationship says no, we haven't. What would you say to that person?","Go to a marriage counselor. Go to a third party and work it because you don't know where it went wrong, probably."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Same \"road\" metaphor is repeated. End of the road means the marriage needs to end.","questions":"How does PersonA suggest addressing emotional issues in a marriage?","answer":"Counselor"}
{"text":["And there was hell to pay. And there was hell to pay, first weeks, then months, then years, then decades. This story did not go away. And, you know, an assassin was hired to go to Tuskegee to kill Booker T.  Washington. He was pursued wherever he went. Theodore Roosevelt was criticized in ways that presidents were not criticized. There were vulgar cartoons of Mrs.  Roosevelt that had never been done before. This was all new territory.","Obviously, the president was criticized but it did not prevent his re-election a couple of years later.","No, it didn't. But there were some interesting spinning sessions that went on among Republicans. One, was to turn the dinner into lunch because it seems that lunch would be a less objectionable meal, and. . .",". . . so the story went that, no, you know, Booker T.  Washington didn't go to the dining room at the White House. He was sitting in the office, and they got hungry and they ordered a tray. And by the time they were finished, there was barely a sandwich on it. And that seemed to make the meal a little more palatable in the South. But - and this persisted for decades actually until finally in the '30s, a journalist asked Mrs.  Roosevelt, was it lunch or was it dinner?And she checked her calendar and she said, it was most definitely dinner."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"And there was hell to pay\" - this is an idiomatic expression meaning that there were severe consequences or punishment for something that happened. It does not literally mean that there was a payment made to the devil or hell.","questions":"Which expression in turn 0 means severe consequences or punishment for something that happened?","answer":"hell"}
{"text":["You're a breast cancer survivor. Your husband passed away. One of your other children was in a serious accident, and yet when you deal with the Imus ordeal, you say I've never felt so powerless in my life. Why did that touch you so much?","You know, Farai, one of the things that maybe people didn't know is that here I had a team of 10 players, and five of those young ladies were freshmen. Less than a year before that, they were sitting on bleachers at a high school graduation. Some of them that came to me had braces on their teeth. They had dreams and aspirations of becoming doctors and psychologists and musicians and all the like.","And here while they had done something that they should be commended for because throughout the year, the year had been a tremendous struggle. They had been pushed to the brink, and yet somehow they survived. And beyond surviving, here they were standing before a national audience and being honored as one of the top two teams in this nation.","And I was so proud of them because I could remember seeing some of them cry or think that they couldn't and then to see their faces on television or USA Today and, you know, this is what it's all about - for us as leaders and as parents and as people that care about our young people - to take them to places that they don't think that they can go, have them accomplish those things, and then with that level of security and confidence, they can take on the world."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : As a leader and parent, it is important to help young people achieve their dreams and goals","questions":"Which group of individuals does the speaker believe should take young people to places they don't think they can go?","answer":"Nation"}
{"text":["And so it seemed to be really impervious to this kind of judicial reckoning. And the fact that it's happened is, of course, all the more remarkable, because of the obstacles that had to be overcome to reach this day.","It's interesting: The current president of Guatemala served under General Rios Montt all those years ago, and he says he accepts this verdict, and will carry out the measures ordered by the tribunal in terms of apologies, but he also said there was no genocide.","Well, he was a general during the period of Rios Montt's rule, and given his own background, it was expected that he would put up more resistance than he has to this trial. And as you said, he has said he respects the ruling of the court, but he has said it's not a genocide. It is a very powerful verdict. It's - genocide has been described repeatedly as the crime of crimes, and it's very difficult to prove in a court of law. And that's one of the other reasons why this verdict was widely seen as a landmark.","So, you know, his reticence is notable. I hope that he continues to maintain the position that he will respect the rule of law in this case, as the proceedings go forward."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The verdict is a powerful landmark as genocide is difficult to prove in court","questions":"How would you describe the verdict in one word?","answer":"Landmark"}
{"text":["Yes, thank you.","We get it.","A lot of things in the book are things that I wrote about in my newspaper column. For about nine or 10 years I've been doing a column every week for the Guardian newspaper in England, and it's about any kind of unexpected, funny thing that I run across or people tell me about. And to do the book, I went back and grabbed a lot of these stories and then did some more digging to see what else have these people done.","Mm-hmm. Some of the stories seem to have sort of a moral to them, like the one - mysterious one I'm going to call the rectum in a jar.","Yeah, this is the case of the rectum of the Bishop of Durham. If you go to London and you visit the Hunterian Museum, it's a wonderful, wonderful - one - in fact, one of the world's few remaining big medical museums. It's part of The Royal College of Surgeons of England. If you go and visit it, on display on the main floor inside a jar is something they call object RCSHC\/P192. The label identifies it as being the preserved rectum of the Bishop of Durham, and we're talking about Thomas Thurlow, who was born in 1737, died in 1791. Would you like to hear the story of why it's in a jar in London on display?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : A strange story is going to be told about a preserved rectum.","questions":"How is the preserved object in the Hunterian Museum identified?","answer":"rectum"}
{"text":["Oh, yes. Nationally, and even locally, we sometimes just put everybody in the same group as just protesters, but there are a lot of different people out there for a lot of different reasons. And the vast majority of folks have been peaceful. We did see back in August and in November, and then again this week, some people engage in violence. And they do not speak for the majority of people. They do not represent the majority of people who have been out there. But it is a very diverse group, and people have different agendas.","Mr.  French, you, I gather, have a family - 4-year-old son. Do you want him to grow up in that St.  Louis area?","You know, this is a question my wife and I ask ourselves all the time. You know, we're educated. We, you know, have good incomes and we have chosen to live in a neighborhood I grew up in, which is a rough part of North St.  Louis. It's in a higher crime area. Its property values are low. There are a lot of struggles. And we've decided to stick it out and try to improve our community. But when we had our son four years ago, he really became for us an hourglass. He is, as we see, our timeline of when we really need to see real progress. And so for us, we always have a sense of urgency about trying to really improve our community.","St.  Louis Alderman Antonio French speaking with us from the studios of KWMU in St.  Louis. Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker is asking if the Alderman has any reservations about the safety of the St. Louis area, given the protests and violence that have been occurring.","questions":"Which area is the Alderman being asked about?","answer":"St.Louis"}
{"text":["And this could sound obvious, and this could sound like a no-brainer. But the reality in Mexico is that whenever a journalist is killed, investigators - their first reaction is to always try to find a motive that is not related to journalistic work. So they find any other motive - economic motive or maybe a passion motive, anything except journalistic work because they don't want to admit that they have a problem of press freedom in their hands. But I think in this case it is really obvious why Javier Valdez was killed.","Yeah. This is going to sound naive. But why do you think it's important to do stories like that?I mean, drug cartels - people often prefer just to look the other way - don't they?","Well, yes. But if you don't report on them, then nobody else will. And it is not just the stories about the drug cartels. It is the stories about the consequences that they are unleashing in Mexican public life in every level. I live in a city that, for years, was the turf in a turf war between two drug cartels. And the effects of the violence that they unleashed was devastating for the city because investment never came in. Jobs were not created. Nightlife shut down. People stopped going out on the street. We all started to distrust from one another. Neighborhoods began putting up gates and fences, and so it was really disruptive.","Your newspaper was attacked, wasn't it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  asking if the newspaper has been attacked in the past.","questions":"What happened to the newspaper?","answer":"Attacked"}
{"text":["Are there specific goals you all are trying to achieve in terms of advancing one policy or another?","Yeah. So the overarching mission is really to support science for the public good. I think it's really important to say that when politicians attack science, it's not necessarily across the board. It's certain types of science. So if you look at climate change or public health, they're under attack from certain groups because, you know, they involve regulation or some businesses have an interest in them or there's some political thing to be gained for them. And so what we will be doing after the march is putting out a policy platform on all of these specific areas.","Is that a little like herding cats?I mean, I'm guessing the scientific community (laughter), like any other, is hardly monolithic in what it thinks is the way forward.","Well, this is what we have to do. Right?So if, at the end of the day, we get bogged down in research grants, we get bogged down in having to write the next paper - but we do science 'cause we care about improving society. And if that's what it takes for us to really, you know, bring all of these diverse voices into the room and figure out, you know, how we can be unified and how we can be a political force, that's where we're at at the moment. And we're going to push for that hard after the march."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  The implication of this statement is that certain groups are attacking certain types of science, like climate change and public health, because they may be interested in gaining something politically or economically. ","questions":"Which specific areas will they be putting out a policy platform on after the march?","answer":"Specific"}
{"text":["I mean, I'm fortunate in that my voice is associated with big, worldwide soccer events. So if my voice becomes associated with big, American soccer events, there is a school of thought that that helps to add a certain validity to the occasion and to the broadcast. Now, whether that's the case is probably not for me to say, but that is the suggestion and the theory behind this.","But why do you think it hasn't really caught on here in America the same way?Because kids do it. You have soccer clubs all over the United States. Kids grow up playing soccer. And then, it kind of just stops.","Yeah. It does at the moment, or it has done up until this point. And it is the most played sport in that age group. For teenagers, soccer is the No. 1 participation event. And, gradually, that is translating into a greater interest in the professional game of soccer in this country. So one of the attractions of this job coming now, for me, is that if you look at the context of league soccer in this country, it began, effectively, in 1996. So this is season number 24 that begins over this weekend. If you translate that into the English game, league soccer there started in 1888. So, in the same terms, we're in 1911 now, here in America. So. . .","We're a young country in many ways (laughter)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Duck can swim is for sure impling that I can take care of myself is for sure.","questions":"What animal was mentioned in the statement?","answer":"Duck"}
{"text":["So I always tell people, look at your many choices. Don't close any doors. But the fact is that, you know, take your passion, take it as far as you can, but understand you've got to make a living, and you've got to pay the loan back.","What about people like you, who are college presidents?What challenges are you facing in trying to make sure that you can get a broad variety of students from different backgrounds?","Farai, you know, what keeps me up at night is the young women who want to be admitted but don't have the dollars, the young women who are students who are continuing, who are saying, I need more financial aid, the young women whose parents can't take out another loan. That literally keeps me up at night. If you see me again and I'm gray, that's what did it.","I mean literally. I mean, I wake up in the - you know, I wake up in the middle of the night and say, how can I find money for these young people?It is a challenge."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The college president is worried about students' financial struggles.","questions":"How does the college president feel about students' financial situation?","answer":"reconnected"}
{"text":["Yes. It's - there's a sovereignty aspect to that long-standing confrontation. You know, both sides have been pitied against each other for a long time. The new leader, Park Geun-hye, has made it clear - has been quite explicit actually about naming human rights as an issue that would have to be dealt with in North Korea. But she's also reaching out a hand and is likely to offer opportunities for dialogue with North Korea as a way of stabilizing the inter-Korean security relationship.","Stabilizing that relationship means, of course, leaving all those millions of people in North Korea in, well, dire conditions.","Well, that's true in the sense that Park is not pursuing the alternative of total confrontation. At the same time, you know, the one thing that I think seems to be clearer up to now is that none of the countries have been willing to risk that sort of military confrontation in order to drive external change in North Korea.","Has China, the most influential outside force in North Korea, has China handled the new leader more warmly or more distantly than his father?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : when something is made clear in this context it means that it is explained so people understand","questions":"What was the issue that Park Geun-hye named as something that would have to be dealt with in North Korea?","answer":"Human,rights"}
{"text":["It's going great. I understand that spanking and Michelle Obama's fashion stuffed our inbox this week, right?","That's right. The discussions we've had about whether the First Lady should have worn clothing by black designers for her husband's inauguration is still creating a lot of traffic. Aljory Stallings(ph) wrote us this on our Web site, I am completely irritated on this trivial commentary on this issue. I wonder if the black designers who were complaining about this realize that by doing that, they are cutting off their noses to spite their faces.","Flora Gayle(ph) chimed in with this, I think she needs to get some credit for almost always wearing American designers. I am not black, but I do work in fashion. I think before we start judging this, we should look at how many black students are going to fashion school. I wish there were more.","And Dianne Truckenberg(ph) wrote in to say, I am concerned with the concept drawing lines for black versus white, for fill in whatever topic. Insistence on basing decisions on whether or not something or someone is of a certain race will certainly bring back racial tension."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The discussion is still happening between a great many people. The black designers are only hurting themselves by complaining about what she wore.","questions":"How are the black designers impacted by their complaints about Michelle Obama's fashion?","answer":"Hurt"}
{"text":["Good morning, Scott.","You have seen the Saudi statement. What does it tell you about how the kingdom is handling the crisis?","What we see is that for the first time, officially, the Saudis say that Jamal Khashoggi is dead. The account places blame on senior advisers - none of them royals - for a policy that's gone terribly wrong. The Saudis now admit that there's a standing order to bring dissidents back to the kingdom by force, if necessary. But the account lays the blame on these senior security officials who went beyond the order. They killed this dissident journalist. They covered up the murder. Why did the Saudi leadership fail to confirm his death earlier?Bad news travels slowly to the top is how one Saudi defender put it on Twitter. These latest accounts distanced the top leadership and especially the powerful crown prince. But there are so many questions left to be answered.","One of the biggest right in front of us - where is Mr.  Khashoggi's body?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The Saudi leadership is responsible for the murder of Khashoggi, but they are trying to distance themselves from it","questions":"What does the account blame for the murder of Jamal Khashoggi?","answer":"Senior-advisers"}
{"text":["How has Koinadugu been able to avoid the infection for so long?","We took concrete measures, proactively, way back in May. The district decided to self-quarantine. There was control of movement - people coming into the district and people going out of the district. We also embark on major sensitization door to door. We involve community leaders, and we just involve the whole community to say this is a real. Ebola is real. Let us avoid Ebola.","Sierra Leone is a society with a lot of faith healers. What do they do that might help spread the disease?","The act of healing involves the use of the hands. They are not trained people. They don't have gloves. It's a lot of physical touching, and that is why we are saying the faith healing practice should be stopped for now because once the patient shows signs and symptoms of Ebola and they go to a faith healer, it's almost 100 percent that they will transmit it to the faith healer and eventually to the community."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker's selection of a seemingly insignificant turn may be interpreted as an attempt to change the subject or redirect the conversation, potentially indicating discomfort or disinterest in the current topic.","questions":"What was the reason for suggesting a halt to the faith healing practice?","answer":"Spread"}
{"text":["Yeah, that was easy. Planet Fitness was the best job actually because I could do my little squats behind the desk. There was always time to just like mess around and just do whatever.","But Uber seems like that would offer a lot of storytelling possibilities.","Oh, my gosh, it did.","Do you think we'll find some of that in your songs at some point?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Planet Fitness job was easy because I could exercise while working","questions":"What activity could PersonA do while working at Planet Fitness?","answer":"Exercise"}
{"text":["You've probably seen the signs in pharmacies now - flu shots here. You can buy shampoo, deodorant, nasal spray, M&M's and a flu shot. But if you're of a certain demographic, you might consider waiting a while before you get that shot. Here's some advice from Dr.  Laura Haynes, a professor of immunology at the University of Connecticut.","The best time for most people to get the flu vaccine would be in October. If you're a little bit older and over 65, I would say between Halloween and Thanksgiving.","Why should older people wait a month or more?Dr.  Haynes says. . .","Their immune response isn't as good to the vaccine. So the protection that's induced wanes more quickly. So therefore, you'd want to wait a little bit longer than you would if you were a younger adult. That way, you're protected throughout the majority of the really bad flu season, which happens from, say, January to April."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) - Waiting a month or more is recommended for people over 65, not waiting until Halloween or Thanksgiving.","questions":"Which group of people should wait a little longer than younger adults to get the flu vaccine?","answer":"Older"}
{"text":["Bill M wrote about it - read about it and wrote. Kilpatrick's stays in the news proving all the naysayers right with his childish antics and questionable judgment. He should resign.","And there's also the news that Broadway's \"The Color Purple\" is closing next month due to slow ticket sales and some people said it was because of singer Fantasia left the show without any thunder after she left.","All right. Just briefly, what do you think about the newsletter?What does that offer people that everything else we do doesn't?We've got the radio show and the blog. But, you know, you put out this great newsletter every day. What's going on with that?","Well, we've got headlines that pertain to African-Americans. We have highlights from the show. And the difference is - it's called Push me (unintelligible). It's a '90s Internet buzz word. And the idea is that you get all these things that you want sent to your inbox every day without having to surf from Web site to Web site. And it's a service that we offer."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"childish antics and questionable judgment\" implies that Kilpatrick's behavior is inappropriate and unprofessional, even though the literal meaning of the words is just describing his actions and decision-making","questions":"What is the implication of Kilpatrick's behavior according to turn 0?","answer":"Inappropriate"}
{"text":["Yes.","And how do you guys work?For example, on a song \"Don't Forget the Ghetto. \"How did you guys combine your talents to make that song?","Well, on that particular song, I mean, the song was already written. The lyrics and the melody, you know, was already there. In that sort of situation, Victor will listen to what I'm singing, and how I'm singing it, and the he will kind of start vibing off that, and start kind of coloring the lyrics and the melody of the song, and put in his, kind of, creative input into it. So that's really how that song came about. It was very much his song, and, you know, the melody's already there, and then Victor just kind of did his thing around it.","What's the song about?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B is asking about the process of collaboration, not the literal combination of talents.","questions":"Which aspect of the song did PersonA emphasize during the collaboration process?","answer":"melody"}
{"text":["Yeah, so a supernova is the explosion of a star. Stars more massive than our sun - about 10 times bigger or more - will end their lives in a huge explosion where the star first collapses and its center gets crushed down to something called a neutron star, which has about the mass of our sun but is about the size of a city. That's the densest material we know. And the rest of the star flies out in an explosion at thousands of miles per second, shining as bright as a billion suns.","Wow. But this supernova that you have observed - that's not what's happening. Now, let me see if I get this right. Its full name is iPTF14hls. Is that right?","That's right. I apologize for that. We don't have a better name.","I was about to say not very snappy. But it stayed bright for almost three years. Describe what you've observed."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  you imply that something is the case","questions":"How did the supernova observed by PersonA and PersonB defy the typical pattern?","answer":"Defied"}
{"text":["Oil aside, do the two countries have different interests in the region?","Saudi Arabia is particularly worried by the U. S.  trying to reach a nuclear deal with Iran. Saudi Arabia sees Iran kind of backing groups in Syria and in Lebanon and in Yemen and Iraq. And Saudi is seeing itself as increasingly surrounded. And it, you know, Saudis don't really think the U. S.  understands how deeply concerned it is about regional security and about its own security right now.","We understand that there are activists in Saudi Arabia - human rights activists, activists for women's rights, greater women's rights in Saudi Arabia - who had wanted President Obama and other U. S.  officials to kind of step in and voice their concerns. No indication whatever, that happened. Is there disappointment?","There was. Saudi women that I talked to after the visit said they didn't really expect Obama to kind of endanger the makeup visit by bringing women's rights up or just human rights up. And they said in that sense, the trip met their expectations. Saudi activists say that there is a state crackdown going on - on dissent and free speech - since the Arab Spring uprisings. And they say it's kind of a very dark time in the kingdom for them, and they think the U. S.  is not really doing too much to help them out of it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) Although the response appears to be saying that Saudi women did not expect President Obama to bring up women's or human rights during his visit, the actual meaning is that they did not want him to bring up those issues during his visit, as it could have endangered the visit.","questions":"How did Saudi women feel about President Obama bringing up women's and human rights during his visit?","answer":"Forgeries"}
{"text":["Have you spoken to the attorneys for Epstein?And what are they saying?","They were stunned. I mean, in fact, I told them myself. They didn't know about it when I called them last night. They were shocked.","Wow.","But they were pretty elated. More importantly, the victims, the four women that I interviewed - I spoke with one of them last night. And I heard through her lawyer from another and. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Stunned and shocked means that they were surprised greatly by the information.","questions":"What was the reaction of the attorneys when PersonA gave them the information about Epstein?","answer":"Shocked"}
{"text":["Yeah. Despite the ongoing uproar and concern created by the firing of James Comey, you have a lot of bipartisan support for Christopher Wray. He said a lot of the right things this week when it came to what what senators wanted to hear, what they were asking about. He said he would be independent if he ran the FBI. He said he would not pull any punches.","And he was asked several times, what would you do if the president asked you to do something illegal or unethical?He said, first, I would try to change his mind, and if he didn't do that, I would quit. So Democrats seem to hear what they wanted to hear. And there could be a vote on his nomination in the next couple of weeks.","Republicans released a revised health care bill - as popular as the first one was?","Just about, it seems, with the public. But I think where it matters more is, is it more popular within the Republican caucus?And it seems to be a tad more popular right now. But this bill is still right on a danger zone in terms of whether or not it can pass. You have two senators in the Republican caucus saying they're not going to vote for it. They can't lose any other Republican support and still get this bill passed."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) This bill is still right on a danger zone in terms of whether or not it can pass - Implied meaning: The bill is in a precarious situation and could fail if any more Republican senators vote against it.","questions":"Which bill is in danger of failing if any more Republican senators vote against it?","answer":"Health"}
{"text":["I thought, how can I thank them?So I just jumped off the curb and popped up a salute. And I saw tears rolling by on their faces. And that's what kept me driving throughout that salute until the last bike rolled around me. And then both sides of the street just rushed me and said thank you, Marine.","So tell me about yesterday. Did you pick a certain place where you're going to be?","Yeah, it's become my memorial post. It's at 23rd and Constitution, right behind the Lincoln Monument.","And you're full uniform."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker has a permanent memorial post where people can pay their respects.","questions":"What is the location of the PersonA's memorial post?","answer":"Constitution"}
{"text":["Thanks very much, Sacha.","In her remarks, Ambassador Yovanovitch claims she was told that President Trump had lost confidence in her abilities and there was, quote, \"a concerted campaign against me and that the department had been under pressure from the president to remove me since the summer of 2018. \"Would you share your thoughts on her claim that the president targeted her before releasing her from the post?","It's an unusual situation for an American ambassador to be removed in any case. It doesn't happen very often. But this is a particularly important case because her central charge in her statement yesterday was that private individuals working with Rudy Giuliani had essentially circumvented her embassy and her position in Ukraine. They'd gone to the White House to make complaints about her that were totally unsubstantiated because she was standing up against corruption in Ukraine. The central point she made yesterday is that government really suffers and our country suffers when private individuals operating for private gain circumvent what is clearly in the interests of the United States.","For anyone who might argue that since the State Department is under the executive branch, the president should be able to fire and hire whomever he wants for whatever reason, how do you feel about that argument?","We serve at the pleasure of the president, so the president, of course, has the right to fire an ambassador. But we're a democratic country, and we're a country of laws. You don't fire an ambassador who is completely innocent. And to have this campaign launched against her, a 33-year veteran of the American Foreign Service - she served her country exceptionally well. I know her."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The president insulted her before releasing her from her job.","questions":"How was the ambassador's removal from her post characterized by the president?","answer":"confidence"}
{"text":["Bernard Tomic, yes, who really didn't show up. He put the white flag up midway through the second set. It was a very interesting week, considering that you also had Kim Clijsters retiring as well. But Roddick is the interesting here because of where American tennis has gone. Between 1968 and 2002, American men have just dominated tennis. We were winning a major tournament 33 percent of the time - a third of all majors went to Americans - Jimmy Connors, John McEnroe, Pete Sampras, Andre Agassi, you name it. And since 2003, we've won just one, and it was Andy Roddick back in 2003 at the U. S.  Open.","And so the state of the game has really declined in terms of this country winning major, major championships. And so he was the last one. And the big question's going to be now is who is going to take his mantle. He was a great, great player, and not good enough though in the age of Roger Federer. He was not close enough to the McEnroe-Connors standard and not good enough to compete with Roger Federer and Rafa Nadal, but represented the United States very, very well.","Wonder, too, how sports broadcasters will get through a major tournament without cutting to shots of Brooklyn Decker cheering on her husband.","Whatever will we do?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"cutting to shots of Brooklyn Decker\" - This is a metaphorical expression that means switching to footage of Brooklyn Decker. It does not literally refer to cutting anything.","questions":"Which expression is a metaphorical expression that refers to switching to footage of Brooklyn Decker?","answer":"Cutting"}
{"text":["The bottleneck. That's this place where this column of ice fell. It tore away lines, fixed ropes that people used to get up and down there. This is a narrow passageway. So you were almost there. And how far is that from the peak of the mountain?","Quite a ways. But, of course, climbing times vary based on people's physical fitness and mental alertness at that altitude, as there's very little oxygen.","At the point where you decided to turn around, just below the bottleneck, the place that later became such a problem, how late in the day was that, and what were the weather conditions like there?","I decided to turn around at around eight o'clock in the morning. And it was - there, it was actually almost too hot. We normally (unintelligible) down suits because the temperature is around minus 20, even on a perfect day. But we were all quite warm."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The bottleneck is a dangerous area and caused problems for climbers.","questions":"How did the bottleneck affect climbers?","answer":"Tore"}
{"text":["The government is treading a fine line. On one hand, it acknowledges that this is a regime that cannot survive, and that this is a matter of time, only. At the same time, because it's a neighbor and because the borders are still open and there is some trade going on, in addition to other reasons, the government is careful not to take matters, sort of, beyond a certain point. But I think that there is wide consensus in the region that understands that this regime has no chance of survival. The problem and the questions is, how many more people will be killed before it leaves the scene?","Again, Turkey - we know that the Free Syrian Army uses Turkey as a safe haven. Injured are brought back to be treated in medical facilities. The fighters return there to rest and re-equip and then come back. That's a very porous border in that situation. What about Jordan?Is Jordan allowing the Free Syrian Army effectively to operate from its territory?","No. There are no military operations being conducted out of Jordan for the Free Syrian Army. Jordan has received a number of defectors from Syria, including the ex-prime minister of Syria and several army officers who have defected to Jordan. But they have not engaged in any military activity, so far.","Why no?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The Free Syrian Army is operating from Turkey which is being used as a safe haven for fighters and injured individuals. Jordan has not allowed any military operations from its territory despite receiving defectors from Syria.","questions":"How is the Free Syrian Army using Turkey?","answer":"Safe"}
{"text":["I was hugely skeptical of this idea that wine was, as some people say, bottled poetry. And part of what made Morgan such an incredible guide for me is that he was so passionately convinced of wine's ability to make us feel small the way a painting can or a great piece of music.","And I think that we tend to be biased against this idea that wine can exist on the same plane as art, partially because of history. If you go back to Plato and Aristotle, they were really the first to dismiss the senses of taste and smell. They told us that these were the savage, animalistic senses, that they could never provide these sort of soulful insights into the world. And we've really dismissed them ever since.","I want to talk a little bit about the words that are used to describe wine. You know, normally we hear things like dry, oaky, buttery - I kind of understand what those mean. But sommeliers have a much more creative way of describing tasting notes that you might not hear in a restaurant.","Well, you get everything from the more straightforward fruits and vegetables. So it could be pomegranate, raspberry, blackberry, apple, pear, lemon. They can also range to the far more imaginative. There were times where I was sitting in a tasting group and I thought that I was hearing someone read from a Wiccan book of love spells."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implicated meaning: The descriptions used in the wine tasting group were incredibly imaginative and evocative, to the point where they seemed like mystical incantations or enchantments found in a Wiccan book of love spells. It implies that the language used to describe the flavors and aromas of wine can be poetic, enchanting, and highly creative, going beyond literal descriptions.","questions":"How would you describe the language used to describe the flavors and aromas of wine in the tasting group?","answer":"imaginative"}
{"text":["It would basically just restore a tax on stock compensation income in our city. And this is a tax that actually existed prior to 2012, when we started granting tax breaks to grow the tech sector in our city. And the revenue would be used to address the growing inequality crisis in our city, to expand affordable housing for working-class and middle-class residents, to support and stabilize our small businesses here in the city that are struggling and haven't benefited from the same tax breaks.","And just to be clear, you've written this proposal so that this tax would apply to IPOs that have already recently happened, like Lyft and Pinterest. And we should note that your proposal still needs to be passed by the San Francisco Board of Supervisors, and then it would go directly to the voters on the ballot in November.","Exactly. I mean, it's still - there's still going to be a lot of public process and debate about this.","OK.  Now, one of your colleagues on the board of supervisors told the San Francisco Chronicle that it's, quote, \"arrogant\" to think that tech companies won't leave the city if they are taxed more aggressively. Are you worried about that risk, that your tax proposal might drive some tech companies out of San Francisco?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"drive some tech companies out of San Francisco\" - Literal meaning: to force tech companies to leave San Francisco. Actual meaning: to cause some tech companies to consider moving out of San Francisco due to the proposed tax increase, which may negatively impact their financial situation.","questions":"What is the risk associated with the tax proposal mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Tech"}
{"text":["Good morning, Lulu.","So it seems a little strange to be talking about why something doesn't matter, but here we are, saying President Trump's budget - which is being released tomorrow - suddenly isn't that important. How did that happen?","Presidents' budgets are always political documents. They're not a piece of legislation, but they do express the president's priorities. And, of course, the cliche is to say that the president's budget is dead on arrival on Capitol Hill. This one is probably dead as a doornail. And the reason is that Republicans and Democrats just passed a massive, two-year spending bill, which raises the caps for domestic and defense spending. And the White House was mostly a bystander in those negotiations. So what the president says in his budget tomorrow will not affect spending very much. Congress probably won't be passing a 2019 budget resolution. The bottom line is, in this instance, Congress seems to be ignoring the president.","Oh, OK. But when the budget comes out tomorrow, the spotlight will probably turn to White House budget director Mick Mulvaney, right?He was famously hawkish on the deficit when he was in Congress. What will he have to say?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The president's budget is not taken seriously by Congress and has little effect on spending.","questions":"What is the reason Congress is ignoring the president's budget?","answer":"Spending"}
{"text":["The 767 is a workhorse of an airplane. It's been flying since 1981. Boeing has made more than a thousand of them. As passenger airlines sell off older members of their fleets, many 767s end up as cargo planes. And it's one of these leased to Amazon that crashed last Saturday near Houston. Three people onboard died. Yesterday, investigators discovered the cockpit voice recorder. We spoke with Todd Curtis, an aviation safety and security analyst and founder of airsafe. com, and asked if the 767 is a safe aircraft.","Generally speaking, yes. This is an aircraft that's been used in military versions, passenger versions, freight versions since the early 1980s. This is an aircraft that's had a lot of experience. It's been through a lot of vetting during the original design phase, as well as throughout its history. So there're, at present, no real issues on the level of the NTSB or the FAA being worried about this airplane.","What's known about this specific aircraft that crashed?It was 26 years old. Anything else about its history we know?","Well, this particular aircraft is typical for an older 767. That is, it went through several operators through its lifespan. And in recent years, after it stopped being a passenger airliner, it was converted to being a cargo airliner and had been flying for some time with Atlas Airlines, which, in this case, had the aircraft leased out to Amazon."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The 767 has a good safety record and is not a concern for the FAA.","questions":"Which aviation safety organization is not worried about the safety of the 767?","answer":"FAA."}
{"text":["Yeah. So one of those ideas is quite simple, and it's to make the ice bigger. These players out on the ice are massive and fast. And they're running into each other at incredible speeds. And the thought is that if you go to a larger ice surface like they have in Europe, like they have in Olympic hockey, that gives more room to skate, less strife, less collisions, things like that. So that's one idea.","But what it comes down to as well is just the administration of the game and an administrator who has influence over the rules being able to step forward and say, I'm going to put the health and safety of players first. And what they can do - just a few years ago in the Ontario Hockey League in Canada, they brought in a rule that says if you fight more than three times in a season, you're suspended for every fight subsequent to that.","And what do hockey players love most?They love to play the game of hockey. So when you take that away, it really cuts down on the fighting. And what you know what they did?In one season, with the stroke of a pen, they cut fighting in half. So it can be done. It simply requires vision and a courage of conviction.","Jeremy Allingham is a journalist with the CBC, and his new book is called \"Major Misconduct: The Human Cost Of Fighting In Hockey. \"Jeremy, thank you for talking with us about this."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The ruling drastically reduces the number of fights during a game","questions":"Which aspect of hockey does the statement address?","answer":"fighting"}
{"text":["And I think my - like, I never liked the term African-American. I think it's a horrible term because it all-encompassing. It's just African-American, you know?What African?African where?African - you can't just say that, you know?When you look at white Americans, it's very specific. You go, oh, he's Italian-American. Yeah, I'm an Italian-American. And you've got, you know, you've got your Jewish Americans, and you've got your Irish Americans. Everyone's proud of their culture. The African-American, it's just - it's, you know?African where?","Well, for so long nobody really knew where they were from.","But exactly. But I think that the first step to - I guess to finding peace, I find, is knowing where you are from. You know, where you are from determines a lot of who you are. And so for me, you know, Ghanaian American, Nigerian, you'll discover so much in your culture when you know just a little bit about where you're from.","Do you find it interesting that we have a president who is literally African-American?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Do you find it interesting that we have a president who is literally African-American?\" - The literal meaning of this turn is a question about the speaker's opinion on having a president of African American descent, but the actual meaning is a comment on the significance of Barack Obama's presidency as a milestone in American history and a recognition of the progress made in race relations.","questions":"What is the actual meaning of turn 3?","answer":"significance"}
{"text":["No problem.","Aren't the British the original soccer hooligans?","Yeah, exactly. And the Russian fans rioting in France right now, for them the inspiration was the English football hooligan scene of the 1970s, '80s and '90s even. They see England as a spiritual home of football hooliganism, as it were.","How does football hooliganism wind up being a source of inspiration?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This statement implies that the reason behind the Russian fans involvement in the riot in France was the disruption of the Soccer game by the British fans.","questions":"What was the inspiration for the Russian fans' rioting in France?","answer":"Disruption"}
{"text":["Human smugglers prey on the desperation of people who flee war and oppression. Human traffickers have made millions moving people across borders, without regard to safety. Thousands of people have died, locked in packed trucks or trapped in sinking ships. Remember the so-called ghost ships, crowded with Syrian refugees, set on a course to crash into the Italian coast.","Italian prosecutors are trying to track and arrest smugglers, arguing that organized criminal gangs who run these smuggling rings are mobsters and ought to be prosecuted like the Mafia. Using survivor testimony and wiretaps, six alleged traffickers are now on trial in connection with a shipwreck in which more than 300 asylum-seekers drowned. Gery Ferrara is part of an elite prosecution team in Italy, and he joins us from Palermo. Thanks very much for being with us.","Thank you for inviting me.","How do you trace these smuggling networks because I'm - I would guess they take some pains to disguise themselves?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Italian officials are attempting to punish traffickers harshly, similar to how they would treat members of organized crime syndicates.","questions":"What is the argument of Italian prosecutors regarding the smuggling rings?","answer":"Harshly"}
{"text":["Basically, they give you a lot of freedom. They don't get in your way. The editors encourage in-depth investigative work. They like to hold public officials accountable. They're also willing to go to bat if you need legal help, if you're trying to get records or things like that.","So would you advise young reporters to do what you have done and stick with a local news organization for a decent amount of time?","Yeah. I think at least a year. Sometimes two years is a good point to kind of reconsider your options. We thought that we were just going to be here for a year, but this paper has a history of crusading investigative reporting, strong local journalism. Our late publisher Ned Chilton coined this phrase called sustained outrage, and that's sort of hammering away at an injustice until it's righted.","People who can manage to stay mad for a long time."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Ned Chilton coined this phrase called 'sustained outrage', which means to keep pushing for justice until it is achieved.","questions":"What did Ned Chilton coin?","answer":"phrase"}
{"text":["Little Africa was rough. It scared me to death. It produced a sense of claustrophobia. My luck was that I had parents who were college educated. They were community oriented. And for my brothers and I, it was never a question of whether we were going to get out, whether in fact we were going to go to college, but when we were going to get out and where we were going to college. So, I was blessed to have those parents.","Well, professor, when you think about some of the fundamental distinctions that you're making in this book is really the question whether or not black intellectuals have an obligation to majority black communities, particularly ones that are dealing with issues of poverty.","What's you're litmus test for who you consider to be people who were acting on behalf of the broader community?","I think the litmus test is what they say in their own words and to whom they say it, and the way they portray or characterize the black majority. Finally, I guess it would be a great divide. Do they plump down with a very serious and a structural analysis of why some people live in an objection in the United States and elsewhere, or do they opt for a behavioral explanation saying that they're just apathetic and they tend toward bad behavior. And if they would just change their behavior, things would be better for them. So, that's sort of in a nutshell."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Do they opt for a behavioral explanation saying that they're just apathetic and they tend toward bad behavior. And if they would just change their behavior, things would be better for them.\" - The literal meaning is that some people believe that the behavior of certain individuals in the black community is the cause of their problems, and if they changed their behavior, things would improve. The actual meaning is that this is a simplistic and flawed explanation for the complex issues facing the black community, and ignores the structural and systemic factors that contribute to their problems.","questions":"How does Professor PersonA describe the behavioral explanation for the issues facing the black community?","answer":"Simplistic"}
{"text":["Well, no, I don't think so, but it's really not just about resignations. What people really want to see is a change of the system, not just a personnel change. But what we know is that even if we magically fixed Ferguson overnight, it would be an island of justice in a sea of injustice.","At the same time, Mr.  French, how do you keep the public safe?How do you get anyone to become a good police officer if they're getting - if they feel they might be shot by the citizens?","You're absolutely right. I mean, the tragic thing here - and this is the crisis that we find ourselves in in St.  Louis - is that communities need police; especially communities with high crime, like many of our communities do have it in St.  Louis. We need police. And an order for police to be effective they need the trust of the community. And so what I feel like is we have not acted quick enough. That in fact we had an opportunity over this fall and winter to do a lot of this hard work before we get into what is traditionally the high crime times of spring and summer. And it's been warm here for a couple of days and we've already seen a very high spike in crime, including the tragic death of a 5-year-old boy. So we've got a lot of work to do and we need to get to the business of doing it very quickly.","How has the protest movement changed - maybe in terms of what its objectives are - and are there different factions now?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The community needs to act quickly to restore trust and safety in the community. ","questions":"How does the community need to act to restore trust and safety?","answer":"Quickly"}
{"text":["Now, the big moment has come for Andy Murray and, of course, the hopes of all Britain are riding on him. He plays Novak Djokovic. What do you think's going to happen?","Well, I picked Novak Djokovic to win but these two, there's really very little to separate them. The pressure on Andy Murray, the pressure on this entire country to finally break the curse of not having a men's major champion at Wimbledon - the last champion to win here was Fred Perry in 1936. The women a little bit better; Virginia Wade in 1977. But the hopes and dreams of this country - it's so personal here - is to finally have a champion. And Andy Murray lost last year to Roger Federer. This year he's got a chance, but he's going up against the best player in the world. It's not going to be easy. He's going to have the entire crowd supporting him but at the same time, he's got a huge task in going up against Novak Djokovic, who's played in eight of the last - I'm sorry, now nine of the last 12 major championships. He's the best player going. Andy Murray has a huge, huge task in front of him.","Thanks very much, Howard.","No, my pleasure. I could watch tennis all day. It's the best.","Howard Bryant of ESPN. com and ESPN the Magazine, on the line from Wimbledon."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be conveying a hidden message or agenda that requires further exploration or analysis to fully understand.","questions":"Which turn implies that the speaker may be conveying a hidden message or agenda that requires further exploration or analysis to fully understand?","answer":"turn1"}
{"text":["And why did it bother you that so many church leaders didn't mention the obvious, that the Pulse was a gay nightclub?","Well, it seemed a real failure to try to understand that community. One of my theology professors said that in the Gospels, for Jesus, sin is often a failure to bother to love. And it seemed to me a failure to bother to love this particular community in their real moment of grief.","You quote with approval the words of an Australian bishop who says quote, \"we cannot talk about the integrity of creation, the universal and inclusive love of God, while at the same time colluding with the forces of oppression and the ill-treatment of racial minorities, women and homosexual persons. \"","Why is that statement even remotely controversial to some?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : You quote with approval the words of an Australian bishop who says quote, \"we cannot talk about the integrity of creation, the universal and inclusive love of God, while at the same time colluding with the forces of oppression and the ill-treatment of racial minorities, women, and homosexual persons.\"","questions":"How did the Australian bishop link the integrity of creation and colluding with the forces of oppression?","answer":"Failure"}
{"text":["Right. And the second issue is the Steele dossier itself. The Republicans charged the FBI was politically motivated and relied on this unverified information from Christopher Steele and that his work can't be trusted because it was ultimately funded by the Democrats. The Democrats now say that the FBI disclosed this in its application to the surveillance court, which was approved by four Republican-appointed judges.","Yes. So OK. So this is the really interesting part of the debate, right?So now what's become clear is the FBI did tell the FISA court that they got this information from a source who was working with a U. S.  political sort of entity that was looking to - that the FBI speculated was looking to discredit a campaign - one - which in this case - the campaign of President Trump. And so now we know what the facts are. So the question is should they had been very clear and say it was the Hillary Clinton campaign that paid for this memo?","That's really the only debate now - was, should they have used the words Hillary Clinton campaign paid for or Democrats paid for it?And so that's a debate. And I think - look. I think that from the context, it will be clear to the FISA court that it was politically motivated, or at least the FBI believed that there was political motivation behind the paying for the dossier or whatever the information that they used the facts from. And so did they have to go that next step?And that's really all the debate is about today. And we're sort of almost - it's like angels dancing on the head of the pin at this point.","(Laughter)."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The FBI intentionally avoided revealing that the Hillary Clinton campaign paid for the Steele dossier.","questions":"What did the FBI hide?","answer":"Identity"}
{"text":["Then Brenda Gayle Beasley Forrest(ph) wrote to us from St.  Helena Island in South Carolina about our series on race. She said: I encourage you to continue the dialogue on being bi-racial in America or mixed race. I know Obama wasn't vocal on this issue, but as a white woman, I think Obama missed an opportunity to claim his bi-racialness and own up to it. Why not shout out, I represent all of America, all races, like the melting pot that is America?I take offense at a half-black, half-white person is shooing their whiteness and calling themselves just black.","And finally, Richard Reed(ph) in Grand Rapids, Michigan wrote us this about the race series. He said: In our family, there were people of black, American Indian, and white backgrounds. In the generations of our great grandparents, our grandparents and our parents, we were taught to love and respect all our family members. These lines of demarcation between people remain so arbitrary and so vague.","And that's it's for letters. Thanks for writing, and please keep your comments coming.","Now NPR has a new way to chime in on our stories. Go to our program page at nprnewandnotes. org and click on a segment. There you can click on the Comments link and write us your thoughts."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Obama missed the chance to claim his bi-racialness.","questions":"What did Brenda Gayle Beasley Forrest encourage NPR to continue?","answer":"Race"}
{"text":["Yeah, we're looking at how people make movies through a microscope. And I hadn't really thought about this much before this week, but there's a sort of long history of this, and there have been a few real pioneers of this field. And one of them is a guy, a photographer called Roman Vishniac.","And you may know this name because he's famous for sort of a very different kind of photography. He took portraits. He has a picture of Einstein that's pretty famous. And he is famous for documenting Jews in Eastern Europe for World War II.","But it turns out that he also was this huge science buff, and he made these educational movies funded by NSF and others for classroom use, and a lot of them featured his micro-movies, these movies that he did in his New York apartment through the microscope with, you know, pond scum that he collected I don't know where, my guess would be Central Park, just looking at some of the footage.","Right, and so then he trained - this moviemaker trained his camera into the lens of the microscope."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Roman Vishniac's educational movies had a scientific component featuring micro-movies.","questions":"How did Roman Vishniac contribute to science education?","answer":"Made"}
{"text":["So are you surprised by these numbers?Is there anything in the report we haven't really heard before?","Unfortunately I wish I could say I was surprised. But it's pretty much an extension of what we've known going back for decades now, and that is that our path of tougher sentencing laws and higher rates of incarceration has really continued unabated. And at this point, as this report points out, we stand alone on the global stage with really no other peers in terms of our use of incarceration.","Can you break down the numbers by race?","Well, that's where the numbers are most compelling and most frightening. The one in a hundred number that got most of the attention, one in a hundred Americans are in prison or jail, obscures the underlying trends and the geographical concentration of incarceration, particularly among low-income communities of color. And once you look for young African\u2014American males, as the report points out, black men between the ages of 20 and 34, one in nine of them are in prison or jail on a given day."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The numbers in the report confirm that the use of incarceration in the US has been consistently high for decades, and the country stands alone globally in its incarceration rates.","questions":"What is the report's conclusion on US incarceration rates compared to other countries?","answer":"High"}
{"text":["Good morning, Ira.","Good morning to you. What evidence do you cite?What evidence is there that human intelligence is slowly declining?","Well, you know, there are a few things I'd like to say I guess at the onset, and you referred to them in your introduction, and that is any genetically based decay in intelligence is extremely slow. And so we should never be able to detect it by comparisons to people within generations existing right now on the Earth.","Rather, what we see is what you mentioned, an actual, probably recent, increase in intellectual ability. We know that our students are the brightest in generations. They score higher on tests than students ever have before. They take more complex courses earlier and accomplish more. So there's all these reasons to believe that at least recently what we see is an actual increase in intellectual ability."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : What evidence do you have that human intelligence is declining?","questions":"What did the speaker mention about the increase in intellectual ability?","answer":"Increase"}
{"text":["Hi, Lulu.","All right. Do Democrats have a strategy here?","They thought they had one. Remember; the mantra before the election was that Trump's world would change because the House of Representatives would have subpoena power. But now we're finding out, what if they issued a subpoena and no one came?I don't think that the House anticipated that he would really stiff them across the board. And in some ways, the very idea of Congress holding oversight over the executive branch is being challenged.","So this is a combination of Bill Barr, the attorney general's, long-standing belief in a very strong executive. He really doesn't think Congress should be investigating the president. And that fits nicely with Trump's, really, lifelong instinct, which is if you're not fighting, you're losing. He also doesn't want the exposure and the optics of having Mueller testify before the cameras. And, of course, he has a career-long history of litigiousness - take his enemies to court, cost them some money and, above all, run out the clock.","All right, so what can the Democrats do then?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Run out the clock\" is not literal. There is no actual clock here, as in sports. Instead, it refers to delaying tactics where the \"clock\" would be the remainder of his time in office.","questions":"What does \"run out the clock\" refer to?","answer":"Delaying"}
{"text":["But you also said let me reassure you, I've seen the quality of that work. In other words, these plans are viable, credible, ready to go?","Yes, I have. I did say that. Part of my job in the Pentagon was the oversight - civilian oversight of military planning, and one of the things that we've, you know, we're charged with is to prepare options for the president no matter the contingency. And certainly, there are very viable plans with regard to contingencies involving Iran. But again, the judgment is at this point that's not where the focus should be.","And as you know, Israel has - well, has plans of its own - contingencies. And I know a large part of your speech was devoted to the idea that they should hold off and reassuring them the United States would take action if necessary and that Israeli action would be counterproductive. More counterproductive than an American strike?","Well, my point to them was we have a shared objective here - preventing Iran from getting nuclear weapons and that, you know, any military action really only buys time. It's a delaying action for one to three years. It sets the program back, but it doesn't solve the fundamental problem of Iran's pursuit of a nuclear weapons capability. To do that, you'll need a continued international campaign with sanctions, with negotiations to eventually change their calculus."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Part of my job in the Pentagon was the oversight - civilian oversight of military planning\" - The actual meaning here is not about the meaning of the words used but rather about the speaker's role in the Pentagon.","questions":"How would you describe the PersonA's role in the Pentagon?","answer":"Oversight"}
{"text":["(Through interpreter) I'm worried because he doesn't want to go to school. And immigration might say I don't send him to school. So I try and convince him by telling him I'm going to buy him a \"Peppa Pig\" backpack. But he doesn't want to go. So I don't know what I'm going to do. I don't think I'm going to be able to get him to go to school this year, but maybe next year.","Well, he's 3. I'd say it's important to be with his mother.","(Through interpreter) Yes. I have him coddled. I'm taking care of him, so he forgets the moment he was taken away. The worst part about that is that he was taken while he was sleeping. He was sleeping along the way. So he woke up without me.","I'm sorry. They took your child while he was sleeping?","(Through interpreter) Yes. He was sleeping when they came for more kids. The other kids were older, so they stayed awake. But he's younger, so he was sleeping. And I was holding him while he was sleeping for a while. But when they took him away, he was still asleep. So he woke up without me.","So when he went to sleep he was - I'm having a difficult time with this. When he went to sleep, he was in his mother's arms. And when he woke up, he thought his mother had given him up."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Buying a 'Peppa Pig' backpack is a bribe for the child to go to school","questions":"What does the mother offer to convince her child to go to school?","answer":"Peppa"}
{"text":["The United Nations World Food Programme has to cut back on the food that it gives out to some of the most imperiled people in the world. In Ethiopia, for example, it's had to lower the daily calorie intake for hundreds of thousands of refugees that it feeds in the camps there. Now, this is partly due to funding shortfalls, but there is also a growing need for food aid as the globe's conflicts continue. Peter Smerdon joins us now from Nairobi. He's the spokesperson for the World Food Programme in East Africa. Mr.  Smerdon, thanks for being with us.","My pleasure.","What kind of hard decisions do to the folks in your program have to make?","Basically, when we haven't got enough money, we have to decide who's not going to get food. And most of the people we serve are dependent on the United Nations World Food Programme for their food needs - in many cases, 100 percent because either they fled countries in conflict, and they have absolutely no money, no jobs and no assets left or because they're refugees, and they are confined to camps. They are not allowed to work. And they have no money, either."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Basically, when we haven't got enough money, we have to decide who's not going to get food.\"  The actual meaning implied in this turn is: \"Essentially, when we lack sufficient funds, we need to determine which individuals will not receive food.\"","questions":"How does the World Food Programme decide who gets food when there is a funding shortfall?","answer":"Determinations"}
{"text":["That is amazing. And I want to ask about another thing here, as well, and that has to do with homeownership, which I know you have focused on. The percentage of people who own their own homes is on the way down.","That's right. The share of Americans who own their own homes, which soared during the housing boom of the 2000s, is now lower than it was back in 1995. It's turned up a little bit lately, but it's - the decline is particularly pronounced among young people - among people under age 40. In fact, when you look across the expansion, the scars of the Great Recession are most evident in people who are really the younger generations.","You know, when you talk about the difference between winners and losers, you can see it here. Home prices have gone up, which means if I already own a home, I'm in great shape and feel wealthy. But if I haven't bought in yet, I'm going to have trouble getting in.","That's absolutely true."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Decline in homeownership is affecting young people the most.","questions":"Which group is most affected by the decline in homeownership?","answer":"Young"}
{"text":["Republicans are now working on a tax plan. If they're able to pass that, would you reconsider some of your some of your disdain for the. . .","Yes, absolutely. But going back to the other thing, you know, I think Steve Bannon has backed a lot of people that I am supportive of, like Hawley in Missouri, like Marsha Blackburn, like potentially what he's looking to do in Wyoming. In several other races, I think he's backing very strong candidates that have a great chance of winning. And I think the Arizona race is, at the very least, a toss-up right now. So - sorry, I - that's my completion to the earlier question. So your. . .","Yeah.","Your last question was, you know, will I come back into the fold and support McConnell if he gets tax reform done?I think there's a really good chance. I think the country needs tax reform. I think it's been a long time. And I think, to some extent, McConnell and his team can put the toothpaste back in the tube if they win. You know, my analogy for this whole thing is college football."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  (4) - This turn implies that A will support McConnell if he succeeds in passing the tax plan, and that the Republicans still have a chance to win.","questions":"What will PersonA do if McConnell succeeds in passing the tax plan?","answer":"Support"}
{"text":["Does this raise the hopes that, you know, you might be finding more exoplanets that are more like Earth because there seemed to be a little period going through here with astronomers that they were saying it may be a little more difficult than we expected, or there may not be as many in that sweet spot as expected?","Yeah, I think the arc of discovery is showing us that there's actually a lot more than anyone would have hoped. And finding them this close and this soon and this easily, as we improve our techniques, is telling us that virtually every star has planets, and a lot of systems probably have planets similar to the kind we're seeing here.","And so yeah, that greatly raises the ante in terms of the likelihood that there are similar Earths out there around stars. There's more planets in the sky now than there are stars.","A couple of questions: Does a planet have to be like, quote-unquote, \"like Earth\" for it to be habitable?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It's likely there are similar Earths out there","questions":"How does the discovery of more exoplanets affect the likelihood of finding planets similar to Earth?","answer":"Increases"}
{"text":["They still want the same things they wanted on Tuesday, but because of the heavy-handed security tactics, they're also now saying that they want the Iraqi army and the Iraqi security forces to stop firing on them. What they - overwhelmingly, what you hear is, we are Iraqi. We are the people of this country. Why are you firing at us?We have a right to protest.","And what is the scene tonight?This is Friday. This is typically a day of rest in Iraq. Is - are the streets quiet right now?","Well, the curfew has now been in place, you know, almost 36 hours. There are checkpoints every 300 meters. One of my Iraqi friends actually turned around to me and said, this feels like it was during the height of the invasion and the occupation of Iraq in. . .","Wow."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The tactics used were very dangerous and deadly to the protestors.","questions":"How were the tactics used on the protestors?","answer":"Deadly"}
{"text":["OK.","It's caviar pie. And it's the simplest thing to make, but it's - really has a punch. It's got six eggs, and you have to hard boil them. And then you chop them a little bit. You mix them with three tablespoons of mayonnaise. You spread that on the bottom of an oiled 8-inch spring pan. I can't find mine, so I just use a plain old pie plate.","So you've got this layer of eggs with mayonnaise, and you sprinkle that layer with a cup of red onion which is minced fine. Now, I'm not much of a chef, and whenever I see the word mince in a recipe, I turn the page. But in this case, the work is really worth it because it's quite delicious so mince away.","You just chop, chop, chop, chop, chop, chop. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: This turn suggests that even seemingly simple interactions can have complex underlying dynamics and potential for misunderstanding.","questions":"Which turn suggests complexity in seemingly simple interactions?","answer":"turn1"}
{"text":["What is - let's start with this. What is your personal collection to the work and the images in this book?","Well, to me this was a labor of love. I've been living in the U. S. I came back to England. It's my homeland. I came back to London, my home city, and I felt that the culture of the young black people in particular here were suffering from a kind of deficit, historically speaking.","There were younger people in my neighborhood who were bereft of history, who took their idea of themselves from watching their kind of generic hip-hop video material that they got from the video screen rather than really inquiring into the particular history and experience of our communities in this country.","As I looked at the book, I was trying to find a theme, and I don't know if I found one or not. What was, in your view, the major trends or themes that you saw unfolding over the century that are depicted in these photographs?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The implied meaning in turn (2) is that the author created the book out of a desire to educate young black people about their cultural history, which they may not have learned from mainstream media sources such as hip-hop videos.","questions":"How did the author want to educate young black people about their cultural history?","answer":"Educate"}
{"text":["Yeah, I've got a book going on, and I'm trying to work on some animation stuff. And, you know, and I don't need a crowd-funding campaign to do most of that stuff. It's just me and a couple cups of coffee at home on the computer. So I'm fairly low-budget with my needs at the moment.","Tell me a little bit about this book before we let you go. It's \"How to Tell if Your Cat is Plotting to Kill You\"?","Yeah. It's basically a collection of funny cat comics ranging from how to tell if your cat thinks it's a mountain lion. There is another one that will show ways to identify if your cat is a raging homosexual. So it's this kind of a mixed bag of weird cat. . .","News you can use, in other words."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A does not require much money to work on his book and animation","questions":"How is PersonA carrying out his book and animation projects?","answer":"Independently"}
{"text":["So, you know, so I think that all those things have - there's just been a confluence of just, you know, just a cynicism, I think.","So, will Michael Phelps be the person who emerges as the American with the greatest number of gold medals and, you know, sort of the Mark Spitz of the new millennium?","Well, you know, they were kind of hyping that last time, too. And don't be surprised. You might think that, from our standpoint - our meaning the United States and marketing - people would love to say, well, who's the American who's going to kind of put us on the marketing tip?And I think that that's part of the problem, too, Tony, is that we're focus - we want Michael Phelps to win because there's marketing, where - you've got a lot of Chinese swimmers, man, who are just waiting to ambush Phelps. So, on paper, it looks kind of good, but who knows?Allyson Felix may be the American who emerges as sort of the star and the salvation of our hopes over there.","Well, the race with Tyson Gay and - God, I'm kind of blocking on the name of the other runner who's the fastest man in the world at the moment - that ought to be pretty interesting."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The US wants Michael Phelps to win because of marketing but he might not be the best, and Allyson Felix could emerge as the star.","questions":"Which swimmer?","answer":"Phelps"}
{"text":["When you have to design clothing for patients, what has to be taken into consideration?","We worked with nurses to say OK, which parts of the body do you need to be able to get to?And so we came up with - for women, we have a back-opening dress, which is actually the closest thing to a hospital gown. But you would never guess it. I've worn it in the playground. I've worn it to the supermarket. But it has all that ease of opening in that it opens at the back. And it also has openings down the arms and a very discreet opening to the stomach.","Why is it important to have patients feeling better about the way that they look?","Well, if you feel self-confident - and therefore in charge of your medical treatment - then you are much more likely to want to get up and move around and ultimately recover faster. But there's also a very physical aspect of it, which is if you don't do those things, if you just stay in bed, there's actually a higher risk of infection. And you lose your muscle tone, which makes walking ultimately harder. So your hospital stay becomes longer."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The literal meaning of this statement would be that the speaker is expressing surprise that the listener would not be able to guess that the back-opening dress is similar to a hospital gown. However, in this context, the actual meaning is that the dress is designed to look like a regular dress and not like a typical hospital gown, despite its functional features.","questions":"How does the back-opening dress differ from a typical hospital gown in appearance?","answer":"Appearance"}
{"text":["What did it mean to many Italian Americans to have Columbus Day established as a federal holiday back in the 1930s?","One has to remember that when Italians arrive here in the late 1880s in mass - we're talking about 4 1\/2 millions who come - Italian immigrants who come between 1880s and 1924 - they encounter America that is xenophobic, that is engaging in acts of violence against immigrants. One has to remember the lynching in New Orleans of 11 Italian Americans in 1891 so that Columbus becomes this figure that Italians latch on to as a way to get a foothold in this incredibly hostile environment that they find themselves in.","So what has the reaction been among many Italian American groups and Italian American families to the emphasis in recent years on seeing the racism and brutality and violence in Columbus' personal history?","There's an emotional bond to Columbus. I've read poetry which has - says, you know, when I look at the figure of Columbus on a statue, I don't see Columbus. I see my grandfather. I see the sort of worker's hands in his hands. I see the visage, his visage. And I see that of my grandfather. So there's a really emotional bond there."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Italians depended on Columbus as a means to make themselves relevant in American society.","questions":"How did Italians view Columbus as a way to establish themselves in America?","answer":"Relevant"}
{"text":["Well, first, it's going to sell a majority stake in its most prized asset, its investment-management division. The bank will also slash its stock dividends and sell off much of its mortgage business. You know, this announcement was triggered yesterday by the collapse of a possible deal with the Korea Development Bank that would have given Lehman some much needed capital. But Lehman's been struggling for awhile. Like Bear Stearns, it's been caught with a lot of bad mortgage debt and investors who've been frustrated that Lehman can't come up with the money to cover that debt. They've driven the bank's stock price down 80 percent this year.","So, this is a big concern on Wall Street and a big concern in the banking industry. What about consumers, should they be concerned as well?","Well, consumers will be feeling the bank's pain, most likely in the form of higher interest rates for credit cards and car loans and mortgages. I talked to Jane D'Arista at the Financial Market Center, and she pointed out that last weekend, when the government announced that it would back up Fannie and Freddie's debts, mortgage rates dropped almost right away.","Ms.  JANE D'ARISTA (Director of Programs, Financial Market Center): We had that lively little bounce there in the mortgage market where the rates went down, and everybody is very hopeful that this will restart the process of making mortgages, therefore getting rid of inventory and therefore protecting the prices of the housing market. But Lehman may take that away."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The government's backing of Fannie and Freddie's debts lowered mortgage rates, but Lehman's struggles may reverse this progress.","questions":"What may Lehman's struggles reverse?","answer":"Progress"}
{"text":["Well, it's unclear. But at least the Department of Health and Human Services is saying that the Affordable Care Act will stand as this works its way through courts. And the funny thing is today is the final day for. . .","Yes.",". . . Open enrollment for next year for people to get insurance. And on the website healthcare. gov, there's actually a banner that says, this decision doesn't change open enrollment for now.","What about political repercussions?","And that's a more complicated thing."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The Affordable Care Act will remain in place despite the uncertainty surrounding it.","questions":"How is the Affordable Care Act affected by the uncertainty surrounding it?","answer":"Remain"}
{"text":["Scott, there's an outside chance, but it's unlikely. And it's definitely not going to happen before the presidential election takes place. It's going to take a long time for the FBI to go through all these messages, get through all the red tape with intelligence agencies to decide what may be classified or not.","And the FBI director, James Comey, has already told Congress Hillary Clinton didn't lie to agents when she was interviewed - same for her aides. He found no efforts to obstruct justice, no desire to betray the country here. So unless something really huge emerges, it's hard to see the legal analysis changing or any criminal prosecution at all.","And Hillary Clinton had a swift response, didn't she?","Yeah, she came out in Iowa, did an impromptu news conference. She said she didn't know anything about this. She found out through media reports. She's demanding the FBI director release a lot more information and explain the facts here. Some of Clinton's close allies, including California Democratic Senator Dianne Feinstein, went even stronger. She said the FBI move was appalling and that the bureau was playing into the campaign slogans of Donald Trump."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : 4) is that Hillary Clinton gave an impromptu news conference in Iowa, denying knowledge of the issue and demanding the FBI director release more information. Her allies also criticized the FBI's actions.  The implied meaning, however, is that Clinton and her allies are reacting to negative news about her campaign and attempting to deflect attention away from it. The language used suggests a degree of defensiveness and desperation, as they try to shift blame onto the FBI and portray the issue as a partisan attack by Donald Trump.","questions":"Which allies of Clinton criticized the FBI's actions?","answer":"Allies"}
{"text":["Well, because there are a number of reasons that a security clearance can be denied. Among them would be foreign contacts, foreign business interests, criminal activity, financial instability, drug and alcohol use. And some of these are very serious. If employees who had the history of these issues - and they weren't properly mitigated, they could be a risk to national security if they received security clearances.","You're saying hypothetically those could be reasons security clearances would be denied. Were they in these cases reasons that they were denied?","Some of them were applicable in different cases, yes.","Is overriding 25 security clearance denials a large number?I have no idea what's normal in this situation."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The reasons for security clearance denial listed by A are hypothetical but serious.","questions":"How does PersonA describe the reasons for security clearance denial listed?","answer":"Hypothetical"}
{"text":["OK.","Lots of people have them. It's not open-heart surgery. Stents are often put in through the wrist these days. So - yes, so it's not super invasive. And people can go back to work if they choose after this procedure in just a few days, even a couple of days.","I'm trying to think back to what I know about Bernie Sanders' health generally and his past health history. Has he had any kind of signs of heart trouble?","I mean, what we do know is that as of January 2016, when he was campaigning last time, his doctor wrote a letter. The campaign put it out. And the letter said that Sanders had no history of cardiovascular disease at that time. He also had a normal EKG. So right back then, he seemed healthy heart-wise. Now, people may remember recently he canceled some other events after that last debate. That was very minor. He was recovering from a hoarse voice, his campaign said. This is very different."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It's not an extremely hard and complicated procedure to perform.","questions":"How invasive is the procedure?","answer":"invasive"}
{"text":["That raises the point - did he wind up being useful to the Qatar regime?","Well, the lobbyists said that they didn't make any specific asks of the people who went to Doha. But they just hoped, and it turns out they were right about this, that these people would say nice things about Qatar and just sort of start to change the conversation that they thought the president might be picking up on through the media that he listens to, the social media that he uses and the people that he has in the White House.","Alan Dershowitz - as an example, he wrote a very glowing column about his visit in The Hill newspaper. And then, people like Governor Huckabee tweeted a couple of nice things about Doha and how lovely it was. The radio host who went over, John Batchelor, actually broadcast from Doha for a week and then spoke very glowingly afterwards in very positive terms, you know, really saying that the U. S.  ought to embrace this country more. And, indeed, when the emir visited the White House in April of this year, which, in and of itself, was a big move, the president seemed very friendly with him, very open to him and called him and his country a friend of the U. S.  And so to these lobbyists' minds, what they did worked.","What are the implications of this new approach in lobbying?I mean, I'm wondering - would Qatar or some other power start trying to get close to the people who are Mar-a-Lago members and might see Mr.  Trump over the relish tray?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Despite not making any specific requests, the lobbyists were successful in getting people to say positive things about Qatar.","questions":"What was the outcome of the lobbyists' efforts?","answer":"Worked"}
{"text":["So this is the story. In Islam, you can't remove a picture which has a cross in it. That was my wife's understanding. She - that's what she gave me to understand. And she said, don't ever remove this. And then this restaurant became very lucky for us. We - from being hand to mouth, we became self-sufficient. So this proved to be a lucky painting. Plus, this was a colorful painting, and this was all we could afford at the time. So we want to keep it, and we want to keep that cross as long as I'm alive and kicking.","It's a sign of how so many communities have built Houston into what it is today - influencing each other, melding into something unique. Lashkari has applied that to the dishes he serves. His signature chicken curry, cooked in huge metal pots in his sweltering, fragrant kitchen, is made with Mexican tomatillos and cilantro. It's incredibly delicious. And we ate that along with the best saag paneer, a spinach and cheese dish, that I have ever tasted.","We do a lot of fusion right now. This restaurant is famous for its fried chicken. It's fried the Southern way, but it's - the chicken - the raw chicken is marinated with Indian spices. My white gravy is made with cashew nuts and almonds and coconut. So it looks like a white gravy of the chicken-fried steak, but it's totally different.","So Pakistani and Indian food with deep Texas roots.","Yeah, yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"In Islam, you can't remove a picture which has a cross in it.\" - This turn has a figurative meaning because Islam does not allow the use of religious symbols like crosses, so it is unlikely that this would be a literal rule.","questions":"How is the cross in the painting viewed in Islam?","answer":"Figurative"}
{"text":["So I ran the numbers, and the numbers do check out. As far as on Instagram, Horseshoe Bend's popularity, be it in its hashtag or in its geotag, is normally 10 times as popular as anything else in that area.","But is that really a problem?Doesn't that popularity just mean that it might not be as unique, but it's still beautiful?It's still there. People can see it.","Well, popularity is very important. The outdoor world needs more visitors and better accessibility. The difficulty with managing that side of it is that construction can have adverse effects to the natural areas if you start doing different buildings and that sort of thing on top of it, but yes.","Is this an anomaly, though, when we're talking just about Horseshoe Bend or have you seen other spaces that have changed?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"the numbers do check out\" - this means that the numbers are correct and accurate.","questions":"Which numbers?","answer":"Numbers"}
{"text":["They do now. But in researching - doing research for the piece, I asked several of my colleagues. And it turns out that very few doctors actually do keep these kinds of lists. But subsequent to the report, actually, I learned of one physician who writes obituaries for his patients. He usually waits until some time has elapsed after the patient has died, and then he goes back and I think looks through their chart and actually writes his own obituary about the patient.","Does it help you see your patients as people to do this?","Absolutely because when I remember the patients that are on my list I think about their family members with whom I've interacted and, you know, what was involved in the suffering and illness as they approached the end of life.","Now that you've written this piece for the Shots blog and done this interview, are you prepared for the patient who says, I just don't want to wind up on your list?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is implying that through remembering the patients' stories, they are able to better understand their suffering and the impact of their illness. ","questions":"Which aspect of patients does the speaker aim to understand better?","answer":"patients"}
{"text":["I love it.","Yeah. What do you like specifically about reading your work to an audience that makes it different, perhaps, from writing it for the page?","It's like playing music to an audience. To play the music and not feel the responsive vibrations, something coming back, is meaningless to me. But what happens in a live context when you are reciting or reading your poetry, it's only partially complete when you're reading it. It's completed when it's received. And poetry's very much like music. It's vibration and frequency. And it affects us in ways that we don't altogether understand. But we know it's happening.","What kind of inspiration did it take to make you into a poet?Who did you read?When did you start reading, or did someone read to you as a child that made you love poetry?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Having it to compared music as poetry and music has the heartstrings of everyone listening to the melodies of the instrument and words. ","questions":"Which art form is poetry compared to, according to A?","answer":"Poetry"}
{"text":["You've been on this beat for a while.","I have, a decade or so.","Any - ever seen anything like it?","Wow. I think this is a story I will tell the grandkids about covering."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In (4), \"tell the grandkids\" means to pass on the experience as a memorable story.","questions":"Which phrase implies that the experience is worth sharing with future generations?","answer":"Tell"}
{"text":["Well, it's tough, because right now, you want to go get out there and let people see that you have the fire and the bell, you really want this thing. But on the other hand, it's his grandmother, Alex, and his grandmother appears to be in pretty bad shape, near death. So, the notion that he is a compassionate, so I suppose that would play well, but people do want to see him. He's got to be on the media mix, so I guess he's going to have surrogates out there. Nonetheless, here's an opportunity again for John McCain to dominate the news.","I wonder if Senator McCain at this point could maybe pick up some attention by saying here's my team, here's the people I would put in the cabinet. Who's on his team?","Well, you know, it's pretty obvious, if you start right at the top, the people that have surrounded him now for some time. Here we're talking about people like Senator Joe Lieberman of Connecticut. You can imagine Lieberman over at the State Department. You can imagine Lindsey Graham, the senator from South Carolina, over at the Pentagon as secretary of defense. In that way, what you see is that Senator McCain has a number of people that you could immediately point to and say that would be his team if he were to be elected.","And how about Senator Obama in that regard?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : McCain already has a team of potential cabinet members lined up.","questions":"Which candidate has a potential cabinet already lined up?","answer":"McCain"}
{"text":["Yes, the mother of Norway. Yeah, that was - she was scheduled to be at this camp basically from breakfast through dinner. And there was a photographer, a newspaper photographer named Sara Johannessen who had been sent to document this, to hang out with Gro for the day. Breivik had planned to kidnap her. Expecting her to be there all day, he had planned to kidnap her and videotape himself beheading her. Now - he says this now. Whether or not that's true, it's - who can really say. But Gro was supposed to be there.","The only reason she wasn't is it was a terribly, terribly rainy day. The island was muddy and sloppy, and she decided to leave early. And Sara, who had been shooting some landscapes - I mean, it's beautiful, beautiful country there - Sara almost missed it. She didn't know that Gro was leaving. And she had to sprint down the hill to catch the ferry, which turned out to be the last ferry off the island that day. And then Sara got back. When she left Utoya, she drove back to Oslo and was parking her car when the bomb went off a block away.","And she immediately went to work from a light feature on the former prime minister to documenting one of the worst incidents in Norwegian history.","Exactly. I mean, she just sprinted right towards - she sprinted towards the blast and just - yeah."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"she just sprinted right towards the blast\" - the literal meaning is to run quickly towards an explosion. The actual meaning is that the photographer immediately went to work covering the aftermath of the explosion.","questions":"Which photographer?","answer":"Photographer"}
{"text":["I don't know. I mean, you know, what two-state solution are we talking about?You know, with all these Israeli settlements, with the annexation, with the actions that Israel has taken on a daily basis in Jerusalem, I don't know if the two-state solution is still viable, to be honest with you.","What does this part of the West Bank mean to Palestinians?Can you just paint a portrait of this area for us?","Well, the Jordan Valley has many, many significant aspects. First, it's religious - the Mount of Temptation in my hometown of Jericho where Jesus fasted for 40 days against the temptation of the devil. And the Jordan Valley is the breadbasket of the West Bank and of what would be a future Palestinian state. It's also strategic. It's on the border with Jordan, and it's the only outlet for the Palestinians to the outside world other than Israeli airport and ports.","Right. You mentioned its strategic value. I mean, Israel has been saying all along that, eventually, they would get this strip as part of any peace deal anyway because they need a strategic buffer between Israel and the rest of the Middle East so, say, like, weapons can be passed through. Shouldn't Israel be concerned about securing a buffer?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : paint a portrait means that they are asking for an explanation of the area in this context.","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue implies that the Jordan Valley has religious significance?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["What's this program, Becoming a Man, meant to you and other students and your friends?","It means a lot. It gives you insight of how to be a man and take care of your business and have integrity, visionary goal-setting and respect for one another. It helps you be more aware of who you are and what you could do with your life.","Tell us a bit about your life, could you, and your family.","I'm the youngest of six, which is hard to be sometimes, because you get bossed around by everybody in the house. Come from a single-parent home - my mom. Dad was never around. I have sickle cell anemia, so I persevered over that. We had good times and bad times, you know, just like any other family. But we're very close."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  I'm the youngest of six, which is hard to be sometimes, because you get bossed around by everybody in the house.","questions":"Which sibling is PersonA in the family?","answer":"Youngest"}
{"text":["And with a big picture on how Americans are voting on this long awaited day. We've got NPR's senior Washington editor, Ron Elving. Hey, Ron.","Hey, good to be with you, Farai.","Well, Senators Obama and John McCain cast their ballots in their home states today. So what kind of turnout are we seeing?","Big. Now we always say the turnout looks like it's heavy, and usually it turns out not to be so great. So take this with a grain of salt, but the anecdotal indicators are that we are seeing a lot of turnout, and let's remember that we've already had a big turnout election just in terms of how many people came out and voted early. More than we've ever seen before and by leaps and bounds. So when we put it all together, I think that most of the experts do expect that we will have at least 130 million American's votes cast this fall either early or today, and that that will be a new record by about eight million."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : the big picture means the main idea, or what the whole truth is","questions":"How would you describe the meaning of \"big picture\"?","answer":"Main"}
{"text":["And I can tell you though when people of color hear white people say, I was taught to treat everyone the same when racism comes up, they're usually rolling their eyes. And they're definitely not thinking, oh, right, I'm talking to a woke white person right now. They're usually thinking this is a dangerous white person. This is a white person who has no self-awareness and is not going to be able to hold and affirm my reality, which is fundamentally different than theirs in a society which is deeply separate and unequal by race.","And you actually, in this book, very specifically target white progressives. You say that white progressives cause the most daily damage to people of color. What do you mean?","Yeah. First, let's define a white progressive. In my mind, it's any white person who thinks they're not racist - thinks they get it, thinks they are less racist, who's listening to the show right now thinking of all the other white people that really should be listening to this show right now.","Right. It's never us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : White people saying they were taught to treat everyone the same is not enough to combat racism.","questions":"What is the response of people of color when they hear white people say they were taught to treat everyone the same?","answer":"Dangerous"}
{"text":["And then - yeah, Barack Obama has a sort of different place in the\u2026","Sure.","\u2026stratosphere.","He has political legitimacy in a way that neither Sharpton nor Jackson enjoy. Jesse Jackson was the lineman who get the ugly, brutal work in the trenches of American racial warfare to open up a space for Barack Obama to be graceful and nimble as he - as a running back, so speak, with the football, that the highest prize of American political life - hopefully, people who support him believe - the presidency of the United States, so he is able to run with that goal in mind with grace and aplomb because Jesse Jackson did the heavy lifting and brutal, nasty, bloody work, and others to be sure."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The phrase \"stratosphere\" is figurative language to describe the high level of esteem and respect that Obama has from the public.","questions":"What is the figurative meaning of \"stratosphere\" in the dialogue?","answer":"Figurative"}
{"text":["Yeah. So let's take Muslim China, you know, the western part of China - Uighur country. They use lamb, which they don't use in the rest of China, or very little. And their noodles are made from wheat. And they have bread. So that region has this food because of its religion and because of its proximity to Turkey.","The reason I called Anissa Helou is because of a dish I've been meaning to make for a long time. In her book, she has two versions - one from Egypt, one from Syria - a nutritious and simple meal made from beans that's perfect for Ramadan or for any time, really - ful medames, or simply ful.","Ful is a very filling dish. So if you ate ful at whatever hour, you could stay without eating anything or feeling very hungry for at least five, six hours.","Helou join me in my kitchen here in D. C.  via video chat to teach me how to make both the Egyptian and the Syrian recipes."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Ful medames is a very filling dish that can sustain you for several hours.","questions":"How long can Ful medames sustain you?","answer":"five"}
{"text":["You've got lots of reasons to be concerned about this economy, not the least of which is the fact that the Federal Reserve Chair Ben Bernanke has done yet another interest rate cut. And the question is, how many more cuts can he do?He has so many arrows in his quiver.","So, we're looking at a very fragile economy. And certainly, the employment piece is the most important piece for most Americans because most people don't have trust funds or extra money. Many who do have home equity have it tapped out. The way that 90 percent of us support ourselves is that we work every day, and increasing numbers of people don't have employment opportunities.","When you look at what's happening right now, there were - there have been times when there are certain, you know, white collar jobs that have really gotten hit hard, I'm thinking of the computer industry, the technology industry in the '90s when there was that dot bomb era. But is this really, for now, more of a blue collar job loss or is it mixed?","It's really a mixed bag. You see many corporations who are downsizing, they call it rightsizing, who are cutting even if it's by as little as 5 percent, Farai, it adds up. We see state governments also looking at a drop in revenue coming in because of a drop in tax revenue, and they are thinking of cutting in \u2014 may have already done some cutting."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"the employment piece\" is a metaphorical phrase that refers to the importance of employment in the overall economic situation, rather than an actual physical piece.","questions":"How is \"the employment piece\" described in the dialogue?","answer":"Metaphorical"}
{"text":["Hey, Lulu.","For those of you who love esports, bear with us. But there is a segment, I'm sure, among our listeners who don't know what esports is. So tell us, what is it?","It's basically people that play video games competitively. It's more than just your son or daughter sitting in their basement playing video games. Last year, Madison Square Garden sold out two nights in a row. Tickets cost about $50 in order to watch a video gaming competition.","So let's talk about esports, the business of esports. It's been described as the next big thing. How big is the sport right now?How big do you think it could get?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) is different from its literal meaning. While the speaker asks the listeners to bear with them, they are not actually asking for the listeners to tolerate or endure anything difficult or unpleasant. Instead, the speaker is acknowledging that not all listeners may be familiar with esports and is asking for patience as they explain what it is.","questions":"Which word in the dialogue implies that the speaker is aware that not all listeners may be familiar with esports?","answer":"Patience"}
{"text":["So in lieu of a car czar, there will be this Presidential Task Force on Autos. Who will be heading up that group?","It will be headed by Treasury Secretary Timothy Geitner and National Economic Council Director Lawrence Summers, the two top economic people in the Obama administration. It'll also pool staffers from several different departments throughout the government, including Transportation, Labor, and the EPA.","You mentioned Tim Geithner, Larry Summers. Both gentlemen already have quite a bit on their plates. Isn't there some concern about taking on the auto industry in addition to everything else?","There may be some concern, but I don't know if they have any choice. Just Friday, the supplier industry came to Treasury and put forth a proposal where it would receive up to $25 billion in aid. It did so because it was warning that given the production cuts the automakers have been forced to make this year, there may be a wave of bankruptcies in the supplier industry. They may need aid before the end of February."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Tim Geithner and Larry Summers have a lot of responsibilities","questions":"Which two people have been named to head up the Presidential Task Force on Autos?","answer":"Timothy,Lawrence"}
{"text":["And we actually have a link to how to take the test up on our website at sciencefriday. com. People can try it out for themselves. What other things can you measure with this test besides bias in that way?","It's been very useful in measuring gender stereotypes. For example, it shows that there are strong stereotypes that associate male with science, female with arts, and we found that this is correlated with different countries. The strength of this implicit stereotype, is what we call it, predicts male-female differences in performance on standardized tests that are administered every few years.","There's a gender career stereotype that associates women with family, men with careers, and you'd think that this is something that men would show, but women would reject. Actually, the implicit association test shows that women have this stereotype, this implicit stereotype, even a little more strongly than men. And we found in research, others have found in research, that this stereotype is associated with women experiencing difficulty in the workplace.","It's sort of a force inside their head that gives them a source of conflict or a feeling of discomfort in career situations.","Speaking of inside your head, can you tell anything about people's mental health from the test?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Women have an implicit gender career stereotype associating them with family which contributes to their difficulties in the workplace.","questions":"What stereotype do women have that contributes to their workplace difficulties?","answer":"Family"}
{"text":["The tragedy in Burma is it's just hard for us to comprehend. It is true that the current projections are that the numbers will rise significantly. I've heard numbers as high as 50,000 people being killed. So it's something that just automatically pulls at the heartstrings.","And you know, Farai, scientists have discovered that human beings are actually wired to be altruistic, so it's a part of our DNA. It's natural for us to want to give. We see a crisis, we want to give. And so I think it's really important to acknowledge that, and to really encourage people to give. It can. The giving, overwhelming giving for a major public emergency like this can have a negative impact on other parts of the world. We've seen it in the past.","For example, when the tsunami hit Asia, several years ago, where a quarter of a million people lost their lives, you saw relief and development organizations flooded with donations. OxFam UK, at a certain point, actually had to refuse donations because they no longer had the capacity to actually program funds. So what I would actually advocate for those that are really interested in making contributions, is to give responsibly. To really look at those organizations that you are interested in making a contribution to, and making your donation in flexible kinds of ways. . .","So, for general support as opposed to necessarily for one thing."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Human beings have an innate desire to help others in times of crisis, but excessive giving can have negative consequences.","questions":"How can excessive giving for a major public emergency impact other parts of the world?","answer":"Impact"}
{"text":["I started the business as a hobby. I needed a break from the logical legal work that I was doing every day, and I decided as a creative outlet I'd like to start making spa products as a gift. I contacted a store in Canada, and they sent me some raw ingredients, taught me how to mix some things. I took them in to work, and people really liked them.","People often think of, say, Carol's Daughter, you know, and the spa-product industry being a woman's thing. But I also remember going down to cover Hurricane Katrina and there was a doctor, Dr.  Friedman, who - he and his sons would make soaps and things like that. What spoke to you about this business?Why did you want to do it?","I was looking for a sense of wellness, and I've always tried to take good care of myself. So, one of the things I would do is, I work very hard, but I also take good care of myself in a healthy way. So, one of the ways I do that is by going to spas. I've always been a fan of the product, and I was a great consumer of the product. So, in building my business, I knew exactly what I expected, as a high-end consumer, of the market.","Some people say, OK, spa items, beauty items, those are all things that people will cut in tough times. What have you seen in terms of the past year or so of your business?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Men can also be interested in the spa-product industry.","questions":"How was the spa-product industry portrayed as not just for women in the dialogue?","answer":"Men"}
{"text":["Well, yes, of course, I have. I had to. When I realized that I wanted to write this novel and this is the way I wanted to do it, I wanted to use the monarchs - OK, we'll say it - the monarchs as a device. I, of course, had to be able to describe this phenomenon infinitely, in many different ways, and to express in language how amazing and how beautiful it is.","So I had to go and see that, and I did go to Mexico and spend time on the mountaintops in Michoacan, where these - the whole species or the whole population of eastern monarchs congregates in the winter. And so I had to be able to recreate that. So, yes, I have seen them. And it's - it is a wonder of the world.","Hmm. You're listening to SCIENCE FRIDAY, on NPR. I'm Flora Lichtman, talking with Barbara Kingsolver about her new novel, \"Flight Behavior. \"","It comes through as a real phenomenon in the book, too. I mean, it just seems - you can see why people would look at it and think it's a miracle."],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : the phenomenon described in the book is extraordinary and could be perceived as a miracle by some readers, even though the literal meaning is simply acknowledging that the phenomenon is portrayed realistically in the book.","questions":"What is the phenomenon described in the book?","answer":"phenomenon"}
{"text":["It's kind of laid back and peaceful. That's how we kept it this whole protest. We've been peaceful. And, you know, we're all looking after each other just like we would down in the mine. We got each other's back.","Are you supporting a family?What's it like living without the paycheck that you've been expecting?","Well, it's rough, I mean, you know. But I'm fortunate. It's just me and my wife. Our kids is grown.","You've spent your career working in the coal mines."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The protest has been peaceful despite potential for violence.","questions":"Which potential was mentioned in turn 0?","answer":"none"}
{"text":["And I have to - forgive me - begin by asking, weeks like this bring memories back?","Weeks like this remind me of why a community is so important - that you are responsible for each other as a whole community.","Would you give any advice to counselors who have seen troubled students - students who they think might create trouble - as to what they should do?","Absolutely. You want to talk with parents. You want to make it a part of the conversation. You want to talk with administrators and make sure that the school environment is safe and always possible. You want to make sure that you've created a community among the students where the students - when they see something, they will tell you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A's turn has a figurative meaning, as \"weeks like this\" doesn't necessarily trigger memories, but rather serve as a reminder of the importance of a community.","questions":"How does PersonA describe the significance of \"weeks like this\"?","answer":"Reminder"}
{"text":["Sure, the dollar's stronger today, and it really underscores what has been happening for several months now. The equity market is much lower today, and the dollar is stronger against most major currencies. And the reason for that is because it's what we call a risk averse trade or basically buy the safest thing you can find play. So, when the equity markets go down, people like to buy dollars.","And then large part is in this because so many other currencies around the world are doing even worse than we are.","Well, yeah. I mean, the other countries are doing worse, that's for sure. Europe has some serious problems, Japan, China, but what it boils down to really is where's the safest place to put your money on a short term basis. And time and time again, that ends up in short-term treasury bills in the United States because they're backed by full faith of the U. S.  government. Certainly, if you look across the planet, growth rates have dropped dramatically in the month of January, for instance. In Canada, they were down about 14 and a half percent, in Europe, down seven percent. But places like Brazil were down 30 percent, and Russia was down 45 percent.","Some economists read this as a bet that the U. S.  wasn't just the first country to fall into a mess but will also become the first one out of it. Do you agree?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The information does not boil down, but it gets to the most practical facts.","questions":"Which fact gets to the most practical information?","answer":"Practical"}
{"text":["Exactly. It's just something that's very hard for a rancher to fight. So. . .","Hasn't the Endangered Species Act done a lot of good?","You know, in some instances, it has. And, you know, most ranchers don't want to see everything destroyed. You've got to understand also that a rancher is basically an endangered species. We're not as numerous as we used to be. And I think that ought to concern everybody involved because everybody seems to like to eat pretty well. So I think that's something that people want to remember.","Bill Kluck, sheep committee chairman of our R-Calf USA - and he's a rancher in South Dakota. Thanks so much for being with us, sir."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Ranchers are not as abundant as they used to be.","questions":"What is a rancher?","answer":"Livestock"}
{"text":["That's a wonderful section that helps us understand how their worlds were shaken up. They were safe, but on the other hand. . .","Well, on the other hand, they were sent all over the country to households who often weren't expecting them and the children themselves didn't know where they were going. They didn't know which town they were going to, who they would be staying with, whether they would be staying with friends or even their siblings. It was extraordinary.","And there were a lot of schemers. There were families who would take them in just because it increased their food coupons.","There were, indeed. And in fact, quite a lot of the research for my book - well, it certainly started with a newspaper called The St.  Albans Advertiser - and I kept on stumbling across scams. I've got one here, actually. This is directly from the newspaper. She has shown considerable ingenuity by her forgeries. Giving a false address and using the names of children that do not exist made the matter very difficult to detect. This was somebody called Doris Evelyn Hart (ph) who was claiming a billeting allowance for six children who weren't staying with her. And this was very common because you got, actually, a decent weekly wage for taking in an evacuated child."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A: \"She has shown considerable ingenuity by her forgeries\" - The literal meaning of \"ingenuity\" is creative ability or cleverness. In this context, it refers to the ability to forge documents convincingly, which is not a positive attribute.","questions":"Which attribute of the forgeries is described as not positive?","answer":"Positive"}
{"text":["Dual loyalty is something that relates to the potential conflict between clinicians' duties to their patients and their obligations to their employers. When these organizations have sometimes questionable tasks to fulfill, that becomes a very, very serious almost ethical minefield, I would say.","You and I have both been to immigration detention centers. What do you imagine the work will be like?","Well, I think when you talk about any correctional facility, especially immigration detention centers, there are a couple of hats that one has to wear. One is to take care of routine medical issues - so somebody has a headache, somebody has an infection, is vomiting. But also, we're talking about people who are coming with immense trauma, people who may have injuries, people who have suffered from violence. You need to address that in some ways. There's also making sure that there's no spread of contagious diseases, that people are being nourished well. So it's a very big job.","Isn't it important to have the best medical personnel possible in those facilities?Wouldn't you want somebody extremely qualified to be hired for a job like this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"a couple of hats that one has to wear\" implies performing different duties.","questions":"What is the phrase used by PersonA to describe the different duties that medical personnel have to perform in correctional facilities?","answer":"Couple"}
{"text":["I went out last night, actually, to try to catch some of the World Series. And some of the bars are starting to reopen. But everywhere that you go, the only power that people have is running off of generators or running off of some solar power. You really do not see people getting much power from the grid.","Do you see people at work on the power system?","You do - absolutely. I mean, this is like this incredible project that is happening all across the island. There are crews that are out there. You see them moving. But you also see that there are power lines down absolutely everywhere. I mean, you know, we are talking weeks after Maria came through, and they're just - you know, wires are still lying all over the place. You know, big towers are down. It's dominating the media. It's dominating the news everyday. This is the obsession in Puerto Rico right now - is the power.","People must be frustrated. Who are they blaming?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The lack of power is a major issue in Puerto Rico after the hurricane.","questions":"What is the main concern in Puerto Rico after the hurricane?","answer":"power"}
{"text":["I think it's a story that can stick with you for many different reasons. If you leave a film, if you put down a book, and there is something that you didn't know before or something that has informed you about the world you live in that you care about but you didn't know before - if you can walk away from any kind of story with that, I think that's the goal of storytelling. I believe this is a film that does that.","And so that's what I love about this film - is it really has moved people. And it's become more, I think, socially important today than it was when we made it. There's been a lot more attention being given to Indigenous and Native American people within our country since we made the film. And there is also this whole epidemic that every day, we're learning more about men in power and sexual assault. And those are what this film is about in a very specific story.","Elizabeth Olson, speaking with us from Atlanta. Thanks so much for being with us.","Thanks for having me."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The literal meaning of (3) is \"Thank you for speaking with us from Atlanta.\"  The actual meaning is \"Thank you for your time and input.\"  ","questions":"What is the actual meaning of the statement in turn 2?","answer":"Input"}
{"text":["Now, what about the bloggers who are, you know, in our camp. What story are they hitting?","Well, in the Democratic side, among bloggers, the Web site Blogpolls, which measure these trends, posted about Hillary Clinton outnumbered blog post about Barack Obama, leading up to last weekend, South Carolina primary. And interestingly, on January 24th, two days before the voting started in South Carolina, posts about Bill Clinton spiked and they equal the numbers of posts about Barack Obama. But after he won in South Carolina, post about Obama spiked and he's been the most blogged about candidate ever since. Now, on the Republican side, John McCain has been and is the most blogged about candidate.","What about on News and Views, our own blog?","Well, lot of issues people are talking about. They run the spectrum. They're talking about Detroit Mayor Kwame Kilpatrick's text message scandal, suggesting an affair with his female chief of staff, which could lead to perjury charges. We called it textual healing on our blog."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : B: Now, what about the bloggers who are, you know, in our camp. What story are they hitting? The actual meaning: What topics are the bloggers supporting or focusing on? Literal meaning: What stories are the bloggers physically striking or hitting?","questions":"How did PersonA describe the trend of blog posts about Barack Obama on Blogpolls?","answer":"Outnumbered"}
{"text":["As it stands now, it's getting bigger and better, and I am very hopeful that it would stay that way. At the same token, I know that it takes a smart business person to run a successful business. So it's all about how you position yourself. I'm continuously networking, and meeting with people, and developing relationships with some very prominent people. So therefore, business is prospering, and I will continue to do that.","But it would seem to me - and perhaps you can offer some clarification on this point - that there are a lot of people who are in business such as yourself, who are good at what they do, who are conscientious, who are working hard and yet who find themselves, for whatever reasons, not doing and not being as successful as they would like. And there must be something that separates you from them besides, perhaps, your business plan and your enthusiasm. Is that realistic?","That is very realistic. I mean, I think that goes with any position. You have singers, actors, and a lot of them have been in the business for years and have never made it, if you will, because certain people have it and certain people don't. You either have a drive and a knack for really connecting with people and making some things happen for yourself. Or you can be as talented as the next person, but you may never go anywhere with that talent if you don't have the right connections, the right personality and the right know-how.","You said that you've lived near the Obamas in Chicago, in the High Park area, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Being good at something is not enough for success.","questions":"What is the main factor that separates successful people from those who are not as successful according to PersonA in the dialogue?","answer":"Drive"}
{"text":["The director of the U. S.  Census Bureau, John H.  Thompson, announced his retirement this week in the wake of a disagreement with Congress over funding for the 2020 census. The census is conducted every 10 years. The results determine how many seats in Congress and electoral votes that each state receives, and it helps guide how more than $400 billion is spent each year on education, health and infrastructure.","We're joined now by Robert Groves. He's former director of the U. S.  Census Bureau. He's now the provost of Georgetown University. Mr.  Groves, thanks so much for being with us.","Good morning. Great to be with you.","Congress has approved nearly $1. 5 billion to fund the census this fiscal year, and it's supposed to be the same for next year. Is that enough?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The disagreement with Congress over funding for the 2020 census could have implications for the accuracy and reliability of the census results.","questions":"Which event could potentially impact the quality of the census results?","answer":"Disagreement"}
{"text":["So this will help the basketball players and then also the track events. But the good thing is obviously with these developments - the wheelchairs (unintelligible) through the people, you know, everyday people that use wheelchairs, and it will mean it's more lightweight for them to lift, say, in and out of vehicles.","And some of this stuff then filters in back to the general public.","Yeah, I mean, and that's a great thing, you know, the flow sort of from elite to high street, as we refer to it, is great. So you start seeing that, for example, with push bikes. We see a lot of that now available, helmet design from bikes, you say that. Swimwear is another thing that we see a lot of technology flowing into the high street.","Let's talk about swimwear because there was a kind of swimwear that was used and is now banned, and something new is taking its place."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Technological advancements from elite athletes eventually become available to the general public, such as with push bikes and swimwear.","questions":"How do technological advancements from elite athletes become available to the general public?","answer":"Adapted"}
{"text":["It was pretty openly reported over these past couple of years that Secretary Mattis, General Kelly and Secretary of State Tillerson had a kind of working agreement not to leave President Trump on his own with major decisions. Was this always a little unworkable and even patronizing?I mean, Donald Trump was elected president, after all.","I would be astonished if that rumor were true because that would be an act of real unprofessionalism on all three of their parts. And I think all three of them are more professional than to have engaged in that. Moreover, as the history of it played out, it wasn't true, right (laughter)?So. . .","Another major story that might have been overlooked in a busy week - North Korea said this week it won't denuclearize until U. S.  withdraws forces from South Korea and Japan. Do you have. . .","That has. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : General Kelly, Secretary Mattis, and Secretary Tillerson were not supportive of President Trump","questions":"How did PersonA describe the rumored agreement between General Kelly, Secretary Mattis, and Secretary Tillerson?","answer":"Unprofessionalism"}
{"text":["It was the claim that Clinton had been personally responsible for people's deaths that set off alarm bells for Russell. So he decided to do some fact-checking.","I came to the realization pretty quickly that someone may have been probably lying to me on social media.","It turned out there were many false stories circulating that year. But Russell was skeptical of claims that Russia had anything to do with them until lists of Russian troll accounts began to appear online. He was shocked.","My god, they're right. They're exactly right. What they've been telling me about this is literally happening. I can go look this stuff up. It's right there."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Russell was alarmed by the false claim that Clinton was responsible for deaths","questions":"How was Russell affected by the claim about Clinton?","answer":"Alarmed"}
{"text":["Let's get back to the news organizations who weren't permitted in this briefing. Now, I gather this kind of briefing is called a gaggle. What happened?","That's right.","Were you there?What did you see?","Well, what happened is instead of the daily on-camera briefing, Sean Spicer called a gaggle so he could talk to the pool. That's the small group of reporters that go places where the entire press corps can't fit. And then they share their transcripts and their notes with everyone else in the press corps. The White House said this gaggle would have an extended pool. And turns out they invited some additional organizations, but they pointedly excluded others like CNN, The New York Times, Politico. NPR was not there."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) implies that the speaker wants to know what happened during the gaggle and why certain news organizations were excluded.","questions":"Which event is turn 3 referring to?","answer":"Gaggle"}
{"text":["I asked Groff, who you will know from her own short story collection \"Florida\" and her novel \"Fates And Furies\" - I asked her how Nancy Hale went from someone with dozens and dozens of stories in The New Yorker to someone we forgot about.","You know, I don't know definitively. It's very hard to tell. I think part of it is that her stories are very quiet and very elegant, and she's possibly not fashionable at the moment - her style of writing. But I find her incredibly fascinating. She creates these lines that are full of a humming electricity. And her structures are so deep and so thoughtful that you don't really understand what you're reading until maybe a couple of days later when you realize exactly the craft that went into creating her short stories.","And they span the gamut. Some of them are highly lyrical. Other ones are satirical and very funny. So we did put together this collection of 25 short stories. They're all interesting in their own way. And you can sort of see the development of a writer over the course of decades.","Right. No, absolutely. You can feel - she's obviously, as you would expect, writing very different things than - in her later years than she was as a very young writer. How did you pick the stories that you landed on out of the many, many ones she wrote?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Nancy Hale became a person that people did not think of any longer.","questions":"How did people perceive Nancy Hale's writing style?","answer":"Quiet"}
{"text":["What does it mean to put your hat in someone's ring?Does it mean that you are, for example, trying to lead your constituents that you're trying to lead other people, who are a part of the Congressional Black Caucus or part of Congress?What exactly does you putting your chips on the table mean?","For the past 20-something years, I have been putting out a sample ballot. And if people don't get it at the time that they think they should, my office is inundated with calls. You know, through the media, through your sample ballot operation, I let people know what's on my mind. And I try and let them know why I'm doing what I'm doing and then they make their decision.","Congresswoman, I've had a chance to come to your offices in South Los Angeles and you have a multi-racial coalition of staffers - black, white, Asian\u2026","That's right."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Putting your hat in someone's ring\" is a figurative expression that means expressing interest in joining or supporting someone's cause or campaign. The literal meaning of putting a hat in a ring does not convey this sense.","questions":"Which expression means expressing interest in joining or supporting someone's cause or campaign?","answer":"ring"}
{"text":["Well, this is extremely complicated. And there doesn't seem to be a single kind of way at looking at this for all the different countries. Every country is wrestling with how to manage this. There's little legal precedent in many ways. One problem is that if you put people on trial back home, it's very difficult to get the evidence that you maybe need to actually be able to prosecute someone. So some people in - for example, in Germany have floated the idea of re-upping the sort of Nuremberg trials that were used to prosecute Nazis.","Wow.","In other cases, some have created laws to say, you know, going to Syria was itself a crime. So we've been following the case of an Austrian girl who was 15 when she left Austria. And we've been told that if she comes back, she probably would serve prison time for having gone to Syria. And there's even - the Kurdish authorities in Syria are talking about perhaps trying to set up an international tribunal to actually try these people in Syria or in Iraq.","NPR's Ruth Sherlock in Beirut."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Some countries have made going to Syria a crime and people may serve prison time for it.","questions":"What is the consequence of going to Syria in some countries?","answer":"Prison"}
{"text":["You know, Renee, this was the week Kamala Harris found out what happens when a candidate breaks out in a debate and gets in the face of the frontrunner. You get a bump in the polls, but it comes with a lot of attention, much of it critical. And people take a longer look at your own positions on, say, busing and other issues as well. And we also saw headlines about how she and her husband made their money. We see folks on Twitter questioning her racial origins, which, by the way, caused her rival candidates to rally around in her defense, including Joe Biden.","And what about Joe Biden?He's trying to recover ground lost in those debates.","He's been doing television interviews and trying to talk about his sort of multipart position on busing over the years, and talk about his endorsements from African Americans who are local and state officials in key states. It's very early. The field is shifting. And if Biden can ride his ship in time for the debates at the end of this month, he'll still be the one the other candidates are coming after.","NPR senior editor and correspondent Ron Elving, thanks for joining us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Is Joe Biden trying to recover the support he had and lost in the debates.","questions":"Which candidate received support from African Americans who are local and state officials in key states according to the dialogue?","answer":"Biden"}
{"text":["And what we found in these focus groups was that most people, Democrats and Republicans in this - in the sort of middle of the spectrum, they did think there was something there with the investigation. They thought it was a good thing for it to be investigated. Maybe some of the Republicans felt it was going on too long. But you see this in polls as well. People generally supported the investigation, thought it was merited. And they were confused by it, frankly. They weren't - they weren't following all of the twists and turns of it.","It's a hard story to follow (laughter).","Even for those of us whose job it is to follow it, it can be confusing. And that's certainly true for the public. It wasn't that it was confusing and therefore shouldn't exist. They thought it was a - it was a good thing. But they certainly could not tell you every twist and turn.","NPR conducted a poll with PBS News Hour and Marist. And that poll found that 78 percent of Republicans are now satisfied with the investigation, 35 percent of Democrats and about half of independents. That seems to have literally flipped the script. Is that similar to what you heard?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer","questions":"What was the general public's opinion on the investigation?","answer":"Good"}
{"text":["Well, I mean, if we - if you think about it, what does 150-year mean?Just to give us a sense, most of our buildings that we designed, most of our bridges tend to have a design life which is 50 years to 75 years. And as engineers, what we work with is we work on probability, and we work in recurrence. So the idea is that if you have a longer window than the probability of having a larger earthquake or a larger wind event, becomes - the event itself becomes larger. And you also have to look at the maintenance of the structure and make sure that it satisfies, yeah, the 150-year design life.","What happens in this particular case, obviously, the one driving aspect of it is the seismic loads that we have in the Bay Area, and what it did is it magnified the ground motion that we're designing it for. We wind up designing for a earthquake that has 1,500 year return period, much like the earthquake that we're - we have in - had in 1906 earthquake.","1906. OK.  Let's get a question from the audience here. Yes, sir.","UNIDENTIFIED MAN #2: Yeah. Following up on that comment, how does - what's the process for deciding how strong an earthquake - to design a bridge to expand?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They don't mean an actual window but a time frame for the life of the bridge.","questions":"Which aspect of the bridge's life are they referring to in turn 0?","answer":"life"}
{"text":["Yeah, yeah. Hopefully, you know?So whereas in America, you know, you sort of smoothed the edges and you've just put, you know, you've put makeup on. That's what you've done. We're still in the very, you know, you still see all of our imperfections. Whereas in America you try to put a lot of makeup, but the imperfections are still there. And I find that that's the most interesting thing for me.","The changes that we've seen in South Africa over those 17 years are little short of phenomenal.","Yes. It's been amazing. It was a bloodless revolution, you know, because the difference has been - in America, black people have been fighting for their freedom and for their identity and so on, but as a minority. In South Africa, you had a white majority rule, ruling over \u2014 I mean, this is Africa. This is the home of black. It was the black factory. So I mean this is, you know, it was a very different story and never before has there been a bloodless revolution in Africa.","Is there much of a tradition of comedy in South Africa, particularly tweaking the powers that be?You don't think of John Vorster. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is contrasting the peaceful transition to democracy in South Africa with the ongoing struggles of black people in America to achieve equality. Implicated meaning: The speaker is highlighting the unique historical context of South Africa's transition to democracy and the significance of the peaceful transition.","questions":"What is the speaker emphasizing about the transition to democracy in South Africa?","answer":"Peaceful"}
{"text":["The law now differs whether the gun being purchased is a handgun or what is broadly defined as a long gun. So the law is that if it's a handgun, you need to be 21. But long guns - rifles, shotguns and assault-style rifles included - that's 18. And after Parkland, where the perpetrator was 19 and legally purchased an assault-style rifle, there has been a call to raise that minimum age for assault-style rifles and all long guns.","What about arming teachers?What changes to the law would be required?","That gets complex. We do have the Gun-Free School Zones Act, which was signed with the first President Bush. But it allows for some discretion at the state and local level. And some states allow individual districts to set their own policies. And so we at The Trace of reported on districts in Ohio that allow certain designated teachers and other school staff members to access guns. Texas is another state where that happens. So, in fact, there are some states where there are guns in schools accessible to some teachers and staff members.","Have there been gun laws that have been rolled back by the Trump administration?","The big picture under Trump is that not much has changed, which is interesting because Trump had such strong backing from the National Rifle Association. And they have two big priorities. One is something called concealed carry reciprocity. And the upshot is that if you have a license to carry a concealed gun in your home state, every other state would have to honor that license and vice versa. That does pass the House in December - not taken up by the Senate."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Changes to laws regarding arming teachers are complex and vary at the state and local levels.","questions":"What varies at state and local levels regarding arming teachers?","answer":"arming"}
{"text":["So we have detected neutrinos, and we have modeled them in such a way to convince us that they are not the dark matter. However, there are lab experiments going on looking for possible dark matter annihilation products. Now what does that mean?That means that - remember, we're in the dark about dark matter. We don't know what the real theory behind it is.","One possibility of the many, many possibilities that are - literally there is, you know, dozens of papers published on this every month about what could dark matter be. One of the possibilities is that dark matter decays somehow to some kind of regular, standard-model particle, and if it does do that, then we may be able to catch those decay products.","So for example, one possibility is we could detect neutrinos that were leftover after dark matter annihilated or decayed. And the way we would know those neutrinos are from dark matter and not from the sun is that they would be coming up from the center of the Earth. So they'd be coming from the wrong direction. And so there's experiments right now underway to try to catch these putative products of dark matter decay in the lab, and thus far, they have not really been successful.","So it's easier to look out into the galaxies and do it - experiment that way."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : This phrase does not mean that the speaker is physically in a dark place or lacks light. It figuratively means that there is a lack of understanding or knowledge about dark matter.","questions":"What does \"dark matter\" refer to figuratively?","answer":"understanding"}
{"text":["I know but that's exactly the dilemma I think a lot of comics are facing right now. It's, like, when things are even-keeled, then you can be edgy. But we're closer to that stuff. So it makes people a little bit more sensitive, a little bit more heightened.","So what happened in places when you were, like, in these places that you said you had a rough time?","Well, it's because, like, if you're not on the side of the liberal warriors, then people are going to be like, oh, well, this means you hate women. This means that, you know, he hates blacks. He hates Mexicans. He hates Jews. He hates gays. You know, and then you have, like - I'm at a club. And I'll say, hey, where are the Trump supporters?And if I say anything bad about Trump, then they're just, like, you know, cursing at me. And people are walking out. And I got - you won (laughter). Your guy's in office. Why are you storming out?I feel like if I handed out a paper before every show, and I said, tell me what you want me to talk about, it would be nothing on there. But it's just I've got to say, sometimes, it's not fun anymore.","That was comedian Erik Griffin."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Comics can no longer be as edgy due to heightened sensitivity of people","questions":"Which dilemma is PersonA referring to in turn 0?","answer":"Sensitive"}
{"text":["What has made Megan Rapinoe the standout name for the United States in these games?","Gosh, everything about her, both on the pitch and off. So she scored all four U. S.  goals in these last two games.","Wow.","She has been outspoken throughout her career on human rights and LGBTQ issues. She made headlines for a spicy comment she made earlier this year when she said, there is no bleeping way I'm going to the White House if the team wins the World Cup. And Trump responded with some angry tweets of his own. She is brilliant in play, her strategy, her execution. She is a clear fan favorite. Let me read you (laughter), the headline on Deadspin, on the website Deadspin, when the U. S.  beat host country France in their last game. Here's what they said - \"Purple-Haired Lesbian Goddess Flattens France Like A Crepe. \"","OK, wow."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : spicy comment means in this context that the person said something controversial","questions":"What was the reaction of Trump to Megan Rapinoe's comment about the White House visit?","answer":"Angry"}
{"text":["Thank you.","Can you tell us about the operation?What did you see when you got to Madaya?","Well, the humanitarian situation there is really, really dire. Already - I was there last time in September 2016, people were already suffering a lot, for example. It was freezing cold in the town, and people were starting, like, to burn their own furniture or blankets because basically there is no fuel in the city, so they were burning their own belongings in order to to keep a little bit warm. But this time when I went, they even people - they were running out of anything to burn.","And speaking about food, take it into consideration that cooking gas is not available in the town. People were putting the rice or the grains that they have for food in a little bit of water and leaving it under the sun for a couple of hours so it can become a little bit tender to be eaten. This is beyond shocking.","Well, what supplies did you bring them to the people?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : People were so desperate for fuel that they were even boiling their food without proper cooking gas.","questions":"What were people using instead of cooking gas to boil their food?","answer":"Boiling"}
{"text":["The final thing is this. How has both - how have both the culture and the appearance of Harlem changed with this new money and these new properties, newly priced properties?","Well, the culture is even more vibrant, because we have people that have moved in who have the money to contribute to the children's art carnival or the Dance Theater of Harlem or the Harlem School of the Arts. I mean, it's not just myself, it's brokers, other people who have moved in are writing large checks to these organizations, like the Studio Museum in Harlem. They weren't thriving before. Some of the organizations didn't exist before. The culture is only going to continue to be as great as it is and continue.","What you notice, though, is the complexion of the people walking down the street. In the bad old days when I moved up to Harlem, if I wanted to go shopping, you had to get on the subway and go to 42nd Street. Now I just walk down to 125th Street, and everything I want is there. And while I'm walking down the street, I see people from around the world. We get tourists from around the world, in addition to the non-African-Americans who are now residents of Harlem. So the face of Harlem is changing, but the culture is not going anywhere. The non-blacks who moved to Harlem moved there because they want the nightlife that we can offer.","Willie, thank you so much for being with us today and sharing your points of view."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : New residents with money are contributing to cultural institutions.","questions":"Which organizations are receiving donations from new residents in Harlem?","answer":"carnival"}
{"text":["Hopeful or not, I think the obvious answer is yes, I am a student of Zimbabwe, I am still very hopeful. But we are calling on President Thabo Mbeki of South Africa always been mandated by SADC to meet it in the Zimbabwe crisis, to look seriously in (unintelligible) and move away from this quiet diplomats which is not producing the desired result, and probably as the AU summit sits on Saturday with eight African leaders to take a position on Zimbabwe. The deployment of a peacekeeping mission is now long overdue. The people of Zimbabwe have suffered enough.","Clever, I want to thank you so much for talking with us.","You are welcome. Thank you very much.","Clever Bere is president of Zimbabwe's National Student Union. He spoke with us from Harare, Zimbabwe."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Simultaneous use of soft-laser for exposure to the cochlea and administration of Ginkgo biloba extract for 4 weeks on a 20-50% of patients has been reported to be useful. Soft-laser mechanism of action is unknown, but it has been proved that light leads to athermic stimulation of biochemical processes","questions":"How long was the administration of Ginkgo biloba extract in the reported treatment?","answer":"4"}
{"text":["Governor, let me have you answer your own question. Why are fewer businesses being created?","There are a combination of reasons behind the reduction in business creation. One is that we - like any enterprise - and government is an enterprise - we've had more and more kind of red tape. And sometimes that bureaucracy is excessive and makes it harder for people - the successful employees in somebody else's company - makes it harder for them to take a leap and start their own business.","But I also think a big part of it is we have a consolidation of just two or three companies dominate that industry, right?There - 84% of all the hardware sales are from two companies. So starting a neighborhood hardware company is almost out of the question. People don't think they have a chance.","The question of whether or not certain companies are monopolies has come up again and again throughout the course of this campaign. Would you break up the big tech giants - Facebook and Amazon - as Elizabeth Warren has said she would do?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Red tape and excessive bureaucracy make it hard to start a business.","questions":"Which factor makes it difficult for successful employees to start their own business?","answer":"Bureaucracy"}
{"text":["Yeah. And it was supposed to be this sort of message of unity, right?We're all on the same page with this. And the president sort of flips the script, as he often does. And we're not just seeing this disconnect with Russia.","No. There are so many other examples. Last week, the president tweeted that he wanted Attorney General Jeff Sessions to, quote, \"stop this rigged witch hunt\" - in other words, the Mueller investigation - \"right now. \"But Sessions didn't do it. And then his - the president's top lawyers and his press secretary rush out to say, oh, he wasn't giving an command to anyone. And his FBI director Chris Wray has been on the record saying he doesn't think the Mueller investigation is a witch hunt.","Same thing on Iran. President says he talked to the Iranians without preconditions. Hours later, Secretary of State Mike Pompeo lays out a whole lot of preconditions. The president threatens to shut down the government over the border wall. Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell comes out and says nope. We're not shutting down the government.","And it's not just Trump's administration, right?We also saw this extraordinary message coming from his wife, the first lady."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The rigged witch hunt is something that is fixed so that a person looks guilty of something when they are not.","questions":"Which investigation was referred to as a \"rigged witch hunt\" by President Trump?","answer":"Mueller"}
{"text":["What can Americans learn from 18 years of war?That's what the U. S.  has faced since the 9\/11 attacks in 2001. James Mattis was in position to learn. The Marine veteran served in Afghanistan and Iraq and was defense secretary under President Trump until he resigned. Mattis has a memoir - \"Call Sign Chaos. \"He avoids direct criticism of the president. When we spoke yesterday, we asked if the president thinks long term, and Mattis said only that people around him do. The general describes his own detailed planning. Before leading a force into Iraq in 2003, he read thousands of years of history of Alexander the Great and others who invaded that region before him.","What could a multi-thousand-year-old battle teach you that would be relevant in the 21st century?","Well, there's enduring aspects of leadership, and plus geography doesn't change. And so when you read about the challenges they faced, it gets you thinking about your own. I knew we were going to be operating very deep inside the Middle East, and I had to decide what was the right manner in which I wanted the troops to go in. So I used words from antiquity. From a Roman general, I used no better friend, no worse enemy. We were going in to liberate the Iraqi people from Saddam. We were not going in to dominate them. I didn't want triumphalism. I wanted to go in with a sense of first do no harm.","So you read thousands of pages and then tried to boil it down to a few phrases, or in some cases even a word, that you could pass on to thousands of people."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Studying history helps to make better decisions in the present.","questions":"Which event triggered the need to learn from history according to the dialogue?","answer":"9\/11"}
{"text":["Oh, it's inspiring always. This is one of the reasons why I wanted this book to come into the world. It's because, you know, there are so many brilliant writers now being forgotten. There's so many brilliant writers - contemporary writers who have not been given the platform they deserve. And the literary world is not zero sum, even though sometimes we are led to believe that it is. There's enough attention and enough love for everyone.","And I think that it's all of our duty, if we are given a certain amount of privilege, to say to readers, hey, look at this person you may not know. Please read this exquisite story, and I hope you will love Nancy Hale as much as I do. I hope you'll love other contemporary writers as much as I do.","That is the author Lauren Groff talking about the new book \"Where The Light Falls: Selected Stories Of Nancy Hale. \"","Lauren Groff, thanks so much. It was great to talk to you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : She wanted the book to be written for the world to read. Many writers do not have their work published on a large enough scale for a large number of people to read it.  The literary world is the people that work in writing and publishing written work.","questions":"How is the literary world described in turn 0?","answer":"Sum"}
{"text":["There were some in the immediate crowd, Scott, who were smiling. But the president chose to make his tour of the damage in a rather affluent area where the damage was not so severe. Elsewhere on the island, these remarks seemed surreal. Plus, there was his rather cavalier comment about Puerto Rico's debt crisis, which is quite severe and which he dismissed and said, well, that's gone. That's gone. That's gone. Well, the next day, the president's budget director had to walk that back and say we shouldn't take that word for word. And all of this gave the impression that the president wasn't taking Puerto Rico as seriously as he did the hurricane disasters in Texas and Florida.","Did he leave a different impression the next day in Las Vegas?","You know, he did, and very much so. Whether it was recompense or whether the Vegas shooting just got to him on another level, one of his most authentic moments, really, of apparent empathy since he took office.","We're getting a tweet from president - from President Trump. Or we're not getting it. But he's tweeted, I called Chuck Schumer yesterday to see if the Dems would do a great health care bill. Obamacare is badly broken, big premiums. Who knows?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The actual meaning different from the literal meaning is:  \"We're getting a tweet from President Trump... But he's tweeted, I called Chuck Schumer yesterday to see if the Dems would do a great health care bill. Obamacare is badly broken, big premiums. Who knows?\"  The literal meaning of this statement is that President Trump tweeted about calling Chuck Schumer and his concerns about the broken state of Obamacare. However, the implied meaning is that the president's use of Twitter to discuss important matters like healthcare policy is unorthodox and lacks the seriousness or deliberation that is typically expected in political discourse.","questions":"Which tweet from President Trump is mentioned in the statement?","answer":"Obamacare"}
{"text":["Oh wow, so that's what is actually creating that plaque?","Right, so if you can knock out its activity without - of course that's the other question is, what's the downside of it?These are the things we don't know and will take years of testing. But that would be a truly extraordinary way of being able to prevent heart disease.","But you know what?It's never going to be that you have to - that you can't take care of yourself, and you rely on a vaccine or take a medicine. There's always going to be, you know, some interplay between these things.","Thank you, Dr.  Topol, for joining us today."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The statement implies that vaccine and medicine goes together in prevent heart disease.","questions":"What is the interplay between vaccine and medicine in preventing heart disease according to A?","answer":"Interplay."}
{"text":["Is this a book about how someone becomes a terrorist?","In part. I talk about this as a sort of - as a Genesis moment for the book. But I remember distinctly I was watching this interview with a foreign affairs expert. And it was in the wake of the - there had been these sort of protests in an Afghan village against the U. S.  military presence in Afghanistan.","And the interviewer's question was something along the lines of, why do they hate us so much?And as part of his answer, this expert noted that sometimes the U. S.  forces have to go conduct these nighttime raids in these villages. And when they do this, they'll sometimes have to hold the women and children up at gunpoint. And they'll tear the places apart. And then he added, you know, in Afghan culture, this sort of thing is considered very offensive.","And I thought, you know, name me one culture on earth that wouldn't consider this sort of thing offensive?And so part of the book is - has to do with this idea that we all suffer the same way, and we become damaged by suffering in the same way regardless of which part of the world we grew up in or what we believe."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The literal meaning of the statement is that the speaker talks about the genesis of the book and how they were inspired to write it. The implicated meaning is that the speaker was motivated to write the book by their observations about the U.S. military presence in Afghanistan and the reactions of the Afghan people to it.","questions":"Which expert's answer inspired the speaker to write the book?","answer":"Expert"}
{"text":["Hi, Lulu. Thanks for having me.","So Bashar al-Assad, the president, it seems has prevailed with Russian and Iranian support. Only one major rebel area remains. Has he won?","Well, it depends how you define victory. He has, for the moment, won the right to stay. And it does seem like the world, in many ways, wants to sort of normalize his presence. But I think it's pretty clear that it's not a victory of any real kind.","And the damage that has been done and that has been wrought does not appear to be facing any kind of true reconciliation or any kind of true reckoning. There's a lack of justice. There's a lack of accountability. And there's the presence of an incredible amount of impunity.","Well, take me into Syria. What are people feeling there now after these eight long years?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : The person was not actually taken to Syria, they were just told what was going on there.","questions":"How was the person taken to Syria by B?","answer":"Nottaken."}
{"text":["So it's like, your mind can't be stuck on this. You're just like, I'm here, so I'm trying to figure out, how do I even go to school, try to look nice, so the kids don't roast you?You're trying to figure out, how do I talk?How do I, you know, engage?But now we kind of just laugh at it. We make jokes out of anything. That's how I cope with a lot of stuff. I just make jokes about it or just laugh about it. Hip-hop is rooted - was birthed in New York. So it's like there's a history of, like, flipping your story into something positive. And then, you know, we're still here. You know, everybody's alive. Everybody's living, doing their own stuff, trying to chase their dreams. So we try to keep the energy, like, positive and optimistic - you know?- because that's the only way, I feel like, to really live a good life.","(Singing) What's up with you?Won't stop loving you. How you want me to?","Rapper Thutmose on his debut album, \"Man On Fire. \"Producer Christina Cala caught up with him at the South by Southwest Music Festival.","(Rapping) Tell me what your view is. She from Malibu. She want to hang out with the cool kids."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : roast you means to make fun of you, not literally cooking someone","questions":"Which city was hip-hop rooted in?","answer":"NewYork"}
{"text":["So we shall see.","But I have learned a new phrase - brass-necked. Our own brass-necked Melissa Block is covering the World Cup.","(Laughter) I'm not sure if that's a compliment, Steve. But thanks.","I don't know. If it means tough, if it means on top of things, it is you, Melissa. Own it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Melissa Block is capable and competent. (implied from the phrase 'Own it.')","questions":"What quality does \"brass-necked\" imply about Melissa Block?","answer":"Capable"}
{"text":["Yes. The big topic, of course, is what he'll say about the president's unfounded claims that Barack Obama wiretapped his phones. He has also accused British intelligence of wiretapping his phones on behalf of Barack Obama. There's been no evidence produced for those claims. The British have pushed back against them strongly. People on the Hill say they have not seen any evidence of this, and Comey will be asked about that first and foremost.","OK.  And over at the Senate, the first hearings for President Trump's nomination for the Supreme Court - what kind of reception is he going to get?","Well, that's going to be the big event of the week. Neil Gorsuch, who has been nominated by Donald Trump, is going to be asked a lot of questions about his views on executive power, about Donald Trump's comments disparaging judges and the entire court system. This is one of Donald Trump's most important early initiatives. The Republicans have 52 votes in the Senate. They say if they have to change the rules so they won't need 60 to confirm him, they will do that. So it's going to be very, very hard for the Democrats to stop him. But this is just the first of many, many judicial vacancies that Donald Trump will have the opportunity to fill because of the age of judges on the bench right now and the number of vacancies.","And something else we're looking at, obviously, is what's happening on Thursday - a much anticipated vote in the House. They're voting on the repeal-and-replace legislation for Obamacare. Does Speaker Ryan have the votes?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This turn has a literal meaning of altering or modifying established regulations or guidelines. However, in this context, it is used to refer to the Republicans' willingness to change the Senate rules to confirm Gorsuch with a simple majority vote rather than the usual 60-vote threshold required for Supreme Court nominees.","questions":"Which rules?","answer":"Senate"}
{"text":["Well, I certainly hope not. I mean, I think the Thanksgiving holiday certainly adds something to our lives. But that being said, the folks who were in the lines at the front of the lines had been there since noon in order to get those $200 flat-screen TVs and such.","Let me ask about the big online sales that people now call Cyber Monday. How have they changed the strategies of actual stores?","Well, we know that retailers that have an online presence actually get a lot more loyalty out of their customers. And so Wal-Mart, Target, Nordstrom, among others, are allowing you to buy online and actually even pick it up in-store.","Now, the advantage to the retailer for buying online but picking it up in-store is to get people into the tents, so that they might see something else?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  (4) implies that retailers want customers to pick up their items in-store so that they can be enticed to purchase other items while they are there.","questions":"Which strategy do retailers use to encourage customers to make additional purchases in-store?","answer":"Pickup"}
{"text":["This is a shattered, disunited party. And the one thing that they have in terms of cohesion is what seems to be, for the most part, their mutual collective disdain for Hillary Rodham Clinton.","Is there an uprising against Speaker Ryan that's already begun?","I think what's going to happen, if - again, if the polls - and we're projecting forward here - those - he's not likely to lose the speakership. The Republicans are likely to retain control. But a number of, quote, unquote, \"moderates\" or centrists in his caucus are likely to lose. And that means it's Ryan versus what we call the Freedom Caucus - used to be the old Tea Party caucus. So he could come under significant pressure.","Yeah. The numbers aren't necessarily looking his way."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"their mutual collective disdain for Hillary Rodham Clinton\" is an example of a figurative language that conveys a meaning different from its literal meaning. It suggests that the only thing that unites the party members is their shared dislike for Hillary Clinton, which is not a tangible object that can be shattered or disunited.","questions":"Which element of the Republican Party is mentioned as a potential source of pressure for Speaker Ryan?","answer":"Freedom"}
{"text":["Africa is a continent wanting to change something. You know, everybody have to think what to do to give best future for the Africa, give hope to the young in Africa. And African young can have hope in Africa and make something in Africa and believe in Africa.","You've seen so much of the world. But why don't you take us to your childhood in Mali. And it's a country I've always wanted to visit. I've never been there, but I love the musical traditions and the long history of it being a nation with a lot of learning. What was it like for you growing up, and when did you start playing music?","I grew up in Mali, normally, like, with mother and father, you know what I mean, a lot of brothers and sisters. We are all together in the same house and is a great time, because is really happiness and very hot. Hot relationship and then a lot of good grand, grand ambience.","Well, let me jump in and ask you, when did you start playing music?What did you start playing and how old were you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A had a happy childhood in Mali with a big family and hot weather","questions":"What was the ambiance like during PersonA's childhood in Mali?","answer":"Ambiance"}
{"text":["So I ran the numbers, and the numbers do check out. As far as on Instagram, Horseshoe Bend's popularity, be it in its hashtag or in its geotag, is normally 10 times as popular as anything else in that area.","But is that really a problem?Doesn't that popularity just mean that it might not be as unique, but it's still beautiful?It's still there. People can see it.","Well, popularity is very important. The outdoor world needs more visitors and better accessibility. The difficulty with managing that side of it is that construction can have adverse effects to the natural areas if you start doing different buildings and that sort of thing on top of it, but yes.","Is this an anomaly, though, when we're talking just about Horseshoe Bend or have you seen other spaces that have changed?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"the numbers do check out\" - this means that the numbers are correct and accurate.","questions":"How would you describe the accuracy of the numbers mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Accurate"}
{"text":["Well, I mean, he's basically had to divest himself of things so that there was no conflict with him working for the government, having had been at Goldman. In that respect, he's gotten, you know, some of those conflicts out of the way already.","There's going to be a conflict of interests in this program. I mean, the asset manager that they hire, they're going to have to have experience managing the kind of assets that the Treasury wants to buy. And so they probably will own some of these assets or manage assets for other clients, for pension funds, for other investors. And so there are going to be huge conflicts. And the Treasury is struggling right now with how to make sure those conflicts are as minimal as possible.","Is there another potential problem that Neel Kashkari is not going to be in Washington much longer if there's a change in administrations. And that that'll cause some kind of turbulence, and, for that matter, Secretary Paulson might not be in place come January.","You're right. There is going to be a huge reshuffling. I mean, four months is not a long time, and it's not the best time to be changing shifts. But it happens, and the Treasury is already working on a transition team trying to make sure that they keep the Obama and the McCain campaigns abreast of what they're doing. And then, after November, they plan to work pretty hard with whomever they designate as a Treasury Secretary."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The Treasury is struggling to minimize conflicts of interests in their program.","questions":"Which program is the Treasury struggling to minimize conflicts of interests in?","answer":"Program"}
{"text":["So when you think about -particularly African-American neighborhoods you've got a lot of neighborhoods - and you know not just black neighborhoods where you'll see for sale signs. Sometimes now you are starting to see abandoned houses. We've even heard stories about how abandoned houses then produce crime, because people will base out of those houses. Is this going to really help people at the grassroots level?","It's going to help some people at the grassroots level. As with anything in the economy, it's going to take a long time or at least some months for the real fallout from this to be known. What it does mean in the immediate term is that some banks will be able to lend more money, again, because Fannie and Freddy is going to get a cash infusion from the government to continue their work of buying mortgages from the banks, and so that should ease up credit. It should also make it potentially a little bit easier and a little bit cheaper to borrow because banks- when they're not taking as much risk then they can lower some mortgage rates things like that.","I don't know that it's necessarily going to clean up any neighborhood where you've got people going into an abandoned house and free basing or selling drugs or, you know, abandoned houses, that sort of thing. I don't know that this move is going to have that immediate impact on the ground in neighborhoods that are already blighted.","What about at this upper level?What about what's happened in the stock markets and in the international communities?The ramifications of this?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Abandoned houses in African-American neighborhoods lead to crime","questions":"Which neighborhoods have for sale signs and abandoned houses according to B?","answer":"African-American"}
{"text":["Absolutely. And the blog that you refer to with Melissa Harris-Lacewell is a blog called Down from the Tower, and it's an ongoing discussion between Melissa and Marc Lamont Hill, who is a professor at Temple. And so, one day, you might click on, and Melissa will have the call and Marc will have the response. One day, he may toss out a question to her. He'll have the call and she'll have the response. And it's a very lively - up to now, it has been a political discussion. But they may take on other things. Politics seems to be dominating the moment.","But I do hope that the site evolves into one where our writers are talking to one another and talking to the Web and to communities that live outside The Root, bringing new information and ideas and, you know, creating a vibrant marketplace for idea.","And I also think one of the things that I like about - I'm glad you pointed out the exchange between Melissa and Marc, because it is debate and it is thoughtful, weighty, witty debate. And it's not\u2026","All right."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In turn (3), the speaker praises the exchange between Melissa and Marc on the Down from the Tower blog, describing it as thoughtful, weighty, and witty debate. The literal meaning of the turn is straightforward. However, the implied meaning is that the exchange represents a rare and valuable example of substantive political discourse, which is often lacking in mainstream media. This suggests that the exchange has a broader significance than just being a discussion between two individuals.","questions":"Which blog does the exchange between Melissa and Marc take place on?","answer":"Down"}
{"text":["Well, people were definitely shocked by the results, but I think a lot of people here feel like this is an exciting change, and there's a strong feeling in Israel that this is going to bring the focus back to domestic concerns, everyday concerns. A lot of people here are kind of frustrated with the big existential foreign policy questions, and that's where Yair Lapid of his new Yesh Atid, or There's a Future, Party got a lot of his support.","And he is a former television broadcaster.","He is. He was quite a celebrity here, celebrity journalist, wrote a column and then was on TV and has really a lot of name recognition, and he's got a lot of kind of personal charm. People call him the ultimate Israeli. He's part of a secular Tel Aviv bourgeoisie and very attractive and sort of speaks well, and he managed to really capitalize on the kind of middle-class centrist concerns, some of which fueled the social protest from 2001 - 2011, excuse me, that brought something like 500,000 people to the streets of Tel Aviv.","And a centrist, as you say. What does that mean in terms of Israeli politics?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : personal charm means that there is a lot to like about someone","questions":"What was Yair Lapid known for before entering politics?","answer":"Television"}
{"text":["You know, I initially wasn't sure if I was going to go back after Katrina. But I think that I was so - you know, I realized, you know, that there's that whole song, \"Do You Know What It Means to Miss New Orleans?\"I didn't get it until I left after the storm and I was evacuated in Atlanta for a period of about six months. And it just started setting in that, you know, New Orleans is truly a special place. I felt like I could have a better impact if I were back in the city trying to help people. And so that drew me back to the city. I mean, it truly is an amazing place, and as far as whether or not I'll go back now, definitely. I can't see leaving New Orleans at this point. And I know some people don't understand that. They might think that's sort of silly, but it truly is a unique city. And the people are amazing. The culture is amazing, and so it's just such a hard place to stay away from.","Do you ever wonder, why us twice now?","You know, yeah, what are the chances?And it's so crazy because the anniversary of Katrina was just on August 29th, and that was - I remember evacuating on a Sunday, the storm hit on a Monday, and the same thing has kind of happened now, though I evacuated Saturday, the storm hit on Monday. So it's just very unusual.","Thena, thank you so much for sharing your story with us. Good luck to you also."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker feels a strong emotional connection to New Orlean","questions":"What song helped the speaker realize their emotional connection to New Orleans after the storm?","answer":"Do"}
{"text":["There were some in the immediate crowd, Scott, who were smiling. But the president chose to make his tour of the damage in a rather affluent area where the damage was not so severe. Elsewhere on the island, these remarks seemed surreal. Plus, there was his rather cavalier comment about Puerto Rico's debt crisis, which is quite severe and which he dismissed and said, well, that's gone. That's gone. That's gone. Well, the next day, the president's budget director had to walk that back and say we shouldn't take that word for word. And all of this gave the impression that the president wasn't taking Puerto Rico as seriously as he did the hurricane disasters in Texas and Florida.","Did he leave a different impression the next day in Las Vegas?","You know, he did, and very much so. Whether it was recompense or whether the Vegas shooting just got to him on another level, one of his most authentic moments, really, of apparent empathy since he took office.","We're getting a tweet from president - from President Trump. Or we're not getting it. But he's tweeted, I called Chuck Schumer yesterday to see if the Dems would do a great health care bill. Obamacare is badly broken, big premiums. Who knows?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The actual meaning different from the literal meaning is:  \"Whether it was recompense or whether the Vegas shooting just got to him on another level, one of his most authentic moments, really, of apparent empathy since he took office.\"  The literal meaning of this sentence is that the president's behavior or reactions were influenced either by a sense of recompense or by the impact of the Vegas shooting. However, the implied meaning is that the president's display of empathy during this time was seen as genuine and uncharacteristic compared to his previous actions or statements since he assumed office.","questions":"What was one of the president's most authentic moments since he took office?","answer":"Moment"}
{"text":["Unidentified Woman #5: Oh, I'm afraid my boyfriend will come back from Iraq and not like the person that he sees, just remember me and all of my quirks through text instead of through reality.","Unidentified Woman #6: I'd rather deny who I was than face my grandma not talking to me anymore.","Unidentified Woman #7: When I'm with the guys, I joke around about checking out other girls with them, but I'm not really joking because I'm gay.","Those secrets were confessed into Martina Castro's microphone. She's a producer based in San Francisco. The \"Post Secret\" exhibit will be on display in Northern California until April 19th. You can see some of those postcards at our blog, npr. org\/daydreaming."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : She does not want to deal with her grandmother no longer speaking to her.","questions":"How does Unidentified Woman #6 feel about facing her grandmother?","answer":"Afraid"}
{"text":["It's just instinct.","It's just instinct.","I'm a photographer. I'm going to take a photograph.","Exactly. I'm thinking it's another person. Like, two people just passed me. I haven't identified him as a shooter until I looked through the lens. I didn't get scared - really scared until it was quiet, and I'm in the corner. And I'm assuming he's advancing at me and he's going to pass me. And I just kept saying to myself - I just kept praying just, please don't pass me; do not see me.","And it wasn't till I heard some voices saying, where did he go?Where did he go?And that's when a police officer across the street came into my field of view. And I could see him, and I was like, relieved, that if he's in the open, then the threat must be gone. So that's when I felt better about it.","You know, after police shot him, you were still working. You were still covering this. There are photos, I'm looking at online, where you are photographing the body on the ground. You were careful not to show his face. That's your training, too."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A describes his fear and relief during a shooting incident","questions":"What was PersonA's profession during the shooting incident?","answer":"photographer"}
{"text":["You know, this is a very opaque system in Iran. And it's tough to sometimes know to what extent an action was sanctioned from the very top. And in some ways, President Trump gave Iran an out by saying that this was just a big mistake. This was a misunderstanding.","Could have been a junior officer somewhere or something like that.","Exactly.","Could it have been a junior officer somewhere?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Iran has a system of government that does not tell anyone what is going on.","questions":"How would you describe Iran's government system? (Answer: opaque)","answer":"Opaque"}
{"text":["Oh, it's kind of odd. Really, it's quiet. The streets are quiet. There's this wariness, though, that, you know, death could burst from the sky at any second. Obviously, this is something that Israelis are experiencing as well with rocket fire there. But here, there are no warning sirens. There's not an Iron Dome to intercept anything. The military strength of Israel is tremendously more powerful than the military strength of Hamas or Islamic Jihad or other groups here. In some cases, Israel does warn people about strikes. For example, I spoke to a woman this morning whose neighbor is part of Hamas, that that person got a phone call this morning to get out of the house. He alerted the neighbors. This is sort of normal. She burst into tears. Her husband said, don't cry in front of the children. She took the kids to a friend's. She went to work.","And a normal life continues in the midst of all this?","Well, in some ways, it has to. If you aren't right next to a rocket attack, you might not even know it happens - or close enough by to hear it. I did speak to a man this morning whose, you know, baby came two weeks early three days ago. And he had to take the baby boy to the doctor last night at night. He had to do it even though he didn't want to be driving around at night. So, yes, people do carry on as they can.","And briefly - we don't have much time - but there have been similar flare-ups like this in recent years. Is there any sense of what's coming next in this conflict?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: Is it possible to continue with a normal life despite the conflict?","questions":"Which question relates to the possibility of leading a normal life during the conflict?","answer":"Move-on"}
{"text":["You are a brave man. You think there's going to be any political spats at your table?","Well, the entire house becomes the table with that many people, so we won't actually have room for argument. Anybody who wants to bicker will have to go outside.","John Dickerson is the chief political correspondent for slate. com. Thanks, John, and happy Thanksgiving.","Thank you. Happy Thanksgiving to you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The house is too crowded to have political arguments","questions":"How will the number of people affect political discussions at the Thanksgiving dinner?","answer":"Crowded"}
{"text":["My own judgment is it is a personal power struggle. President Salva Kiir is in power, and Riek Machar - he has been the deputy in the party and the deputy in the government. And in 2015, Riek Machar came openly talking about his ambition to become the president of the Republic of South Sudan one day. That led to his dismissal. That is the genesis of this problem.","President Salva Kiir is from the ethnic Dinka majority, the largest tribes in South Sudan, and Riek Machar is from Nuer, the second largest tribe. And, you know, in South Sudan, these two tribes - they constitute the majority of the - of the army. That is why fighting took place with the support of these two big tribes who dominated army.","There are 12,000 U. N.  peacekeeping troops there already. The proposal is for another 4,000. I gather a spokesman for the South Sudan government says they're opposed because this would be neocolonialism. Help us understand what he means by that.","Well, the government is saying it is an attempt to colonize South Sudan. It is an attempt by the American government to change the regime or the regime change. That is what the government is saying, but I don't know whether that is the intention. This morning, I had an opportunity to interview the U. S.  ambassador - the South Sudan ambassador, Molly Phee - and she categorically denied that."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) A's statement that the South Sudanese government views the proposal for additional peacekeeping troops as an attempt to colonize the country implies that they perceive the U.S. government as a threat to their regime, and are wary of any external intervention. The actual meaning goes beyond the literal definition of colonization as the establishment of political control over a territory by a foreign power.","questions":"How does the South Sudanese government view the proposal for additional peacekeeping troops?","answer":"colonize"}
{"text":["Lu was raised in North Carolina as a Jehovah's Witness. When she was 18, she broke with her religion and left home to study cello. On her debut album \"Blood,\" she explores those decisions. She started by writing about the people she left behind - her parents - in the song \"Rebel. \"","A lot of my parents' life are going to reveal to me later on in my own life. And in the making of this record, I feel I was doing a lot of reflecting on home and on my relationship. . .","Yeah.",". . . With them and the life that your parents lived before they're your parents."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Lu's decision to leave her religion and family is explored in her debut album 'Blood'.","questions":"Which album explores Lu's decision to leave her religion and family?","answer":"Blood"}
{"text":["There is no good precedent for thinking that these peace talks will work well for exactly the reason that you have said. The Syrian regime and its allies should - have at no point countenanced the idea that Bashar al-Assad will step down. And then the opposition negotiating committee reiterated in London this week that they foresee a six-month transitional period at the end of which Assad is no longer the president of Syria. So that's a pretty big sticking point.","And starts on Monday?","Starts on Monday at sundown, which is also the beginning of the Muslim Eid festival, yes.","Alice Fordham in Beirut. Thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : expression of gratitude, as the speaker is thanking Alice Fordham for her report. Both turns have a figurative meaning that is different from their literal meanings.","questions":"What is the figurative meaning of turn 0?","answer":"Pessimistic"}
{"text":["There's a group of Americans who've been dubbed the Young Invincibles. They're not, of course. But they are young, healthy and people the administration needs to buy health coverage under the Affordable Care Act. The new health insurance exchanges opened October 1st and officials want at least 2. 7 million of the seven million estimated new enrollees to fall inside that 18 to 35 age range to keep insurance rates low.","The president and Hollywood stars have made special appeals to this group, nicely reminding them that those who choose not to enroll have to pay a fine. In 2011, over 18 million of these young adults were not insured for health care.","We spoke with Lisa Dubay, a fellow at the Urban Institute, about why many have not had coverage.","Only about 11 percent of the uninsured Young Invincibles aren't purchasing coverage because they think they don't need it. Most of them are saying they're not purchasing coverage because it's unaffordable. So I'm not convinced that they're not going to enroll. I think they probably will enroll. If the rates are good and they look like they're going to be low with the subsidies, I think that we will get Young Invisibles to come in. And they have a lot of options."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The Affordable Care Act provides an incentive for young people to obtain health coverage, as those who do not enroll will incur a financial penalty.","questions":"How does the Affordable Care Act encourage young people to obtain health coverage?","answer":"Penalty"}
{"text":["Well, I'm not sure I can say what is enough. I do know that the Census Bureau has a unique feature to its budget in that it goes up and down in a 10-year cycle. And about this time every decade, this is an issue as the ramp up begins.","So you need to spend more the closer you get to actually counting people?","Absolutely. In the 2010 census that I was involved in, at one point, there were 600,000 employees of the Census Bureau knocking on doors around the country to follow up those who didn't respond on their own.","Well, what would the risks be of a census that is not done well?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The closer it gets to the census, more money needs to be spent","questions":"Which feature of the Census Bureau's budget changes in a 10-year cycle?","answer":"Budget"}
{"text":["They have indeed, but not through Jordan, as far as I know.","And you talked about hedging your bets. Doesn't that risk putting your bets on the wrong side if, indeed, the rebels do topple, which from what you say, the regime believes is only a matter of time. Why don't they put their bets on - with the opposition?","That's a debate that is actually going on inside the country today. As I said, 82 percent of Jordanians are with the uprising, not all of them, however, are with any military intervention against the Syrian regime. This is a very sensitive issue in Arab politics, to be seen as actively working militarily against an Arab regime. Still, as I said, the sentiments of the people in Jordan, not all of them, but the overwhelming majority of them, are with the uprising. And the country, I would expect, the government, will probably have to change its position as developments move. It's a fair question to ask. You know, one day, we'll be able to do so. There are many who have asked the government to take on a sort of a clearer position on the Syrian crisis than it has so far.","How porous is the border?If people wanted to operate across it clandestinely, would they be able to do so?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Jordanians support the uprising but are hesitant to support military intervention. Government may change its position later","questions":"How are Jordanians feeling about military intervention in the Syrian crisis?","answer":"Support"}
{"text":["I thought that our spin was slowing down.","We are slowing down. We're slowing down but only because we're transferring it to the moon, and so the - if you count both of these bodies today, that spin should be remained constant throughout the course of solar system history.","And what they're suggesting is that you can lose spin from the Earth-moon system and transfer it to the sun-Earth system. And it's a very complex calculation. I mean, it's not just trivial that it took 30, 40 years to figure this out. But once that is on the table, and you say hey, I can start with an Earth that's spinning with a period of two hours, now you have an Earth, that if you were to look at this - and you can download the simulations from Science magazine - and you can see that - or from Harvard - and you can see that this Earth looks kind of like a muffin.","It's spinning so fast, it's got kind of a two-to-one axis ratio. And so their solution is hey, I can make the moon out of Earth's mantle, I'll just sort of hit it with a tiny projectile - you know, not tiny but much smaller than we thought previously - so Theia becomes smaller."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : We're slowing down but transferring spin to the moon.","questions":"How are we slowing down?","answer":"Transferring"}
{"text":["What goes in the clubhouse stays in the clubhouse - until the baseball manager writes a book, that is. It's Thursday, and if you haven't guessed, it's time again for a look at sports with our very own sports guru, the New York Times Sports Columnist, Mr.  Bill Rhoden. Mr.  Bill, what's up?","Hey, the great Tony Cox. How you're doing?","I'm doing great, man. Joe Torre, leaving New York as a beloved figure, but now he has written his autobiography, \"The Yankee Years. \"I know that he's been on his New York tour. People are buying the book. But, you know, some people are happy, some people not so happy.","Well, the people who are most important to be happy are happy. The publisher of course. . .","Anybody reading book, it's about selling books. And I, Tony, I sort of equate it to in football, the most important statistics for a receiver are yards after catch."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : What happens in the clubhouse is supposed to be kept secret","questions":"How is the principle of secrecy in the clubhouse described?","answer":"Secret"}
{"text":["I'm Farai Chideya and this is News & Notes. Ratings for her daytime show are down, her magazine circulation numbers are falling, and a poll shows her popularity just isn't what it used to be. Is Oprah paying a price for publicly supporting Barack Obama's presidential campaign?","Plus, Jennifer Hudson won an Oscar for \"Dream Girls,\" so why did she take a small part in a big film?Plus, Laurence Fishburne gets a Tony Award nomination for his portrayal of Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall. To help us talk about these issues, we've got our entertainment guru, Allison Samuels of Newsweek Magazine. How're you doing?","Good. How are you?","You look fabulous because we're on camera. But it's a webcast, so we're working things out. So, good thing we both look fresh and smiling.","OK, yeah, always."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Oprah popularity and relevance seem to be diminishing due to her side in politics.","questions":"Which TV personality is facing a decline in popularity due to their political stance? (Answer: Oprah)","answer":"Oprah"}
{"text":["Yes. And Stephanie says attendance more than doubled. She thinks lowering prices was a great business strategy for her. It might be good for others as well.","And Marilyn McFee(ph) is doing well in the downturn. She's a professional storyteller.","Maybe it's like mashed potatoes and apple cobbler, she writes. Storytelling is comfort entertainment.","She's been busy telling her stories at schools, libraries, even fundraisers."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Marilyn is doing well while the economy is worsening.","questions":"How is Marilyn McFee doing during the downturn?","answer":"Well"}
{"text":["But, you know, people have been, you know, taking this approach for a long time.","I notice that you might be able to - I think the Romans shipped apparent black wax tablets, and then you scrape off the wax, something's in there.","Oh sure, there are lots of different ways you could do this. And in fact, I mean, the story that's floating around, and I'm not sure if it's true or not, I haven't been able to dig deep enough to find out, is that during World War II, the censors would go through, and they would kind of change numerical tables.","So if somebody was sending a letter to someone in the theater and saying, you know, Johnny got good grades, got an A, B, a C or something like that, they might change them around a little bit. Or they might change, you know, put little changes just in case someone was trying to sneak a message in, you know, some table of data."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : the speaker is hinting that a story about World War II censors tampering with numerical tables is potentially true, although they have not been able to find enough evidence to confirm it","questions":"Which war is mentioned in turn 3?","answer":"WorldWarII"}
{"text":["Well, yeah. But you see what I mean?Because it is about perception and how we need to be - to understand what we're seeing before we can really see it, that's really key to understanding this whole issue of climate change and why we see or don't see what's right in front of us.","What drew you to monarchs in the first place?","I had really wanted to write about the subject for a long time. I live in southern Appalachia. I am surrounded by neighbors and friends - people I respect very much - who don't really understand climate change or believe in it, even though, as farmers, they're getting socked by it. We've had unprecedented, disastrous weather time and again. So it's such a strange contradiction that the people in our continent who are first to feel the harm of a changing climate are the last to be able to talk about it.","That was such a conundrum and such rich territory for a novel to tread, that I was just looking for the right way to get into the subject. And one morning, I just woke up with this vision in my eyes of millions of butterflies covering the forest behind my house. I just - I mean, I didn't actually see it. I imagined it. I woke up and there it was, and I knew that was it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Understanding climate change is not just about seeing, but also about perception.","questions":"How is perception important in understanding climate change according to A?","answer":"Perception"}
{"text":["Mm-hmm. This is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR, talking with Jennifer Linder. You say it's UVA and UVB, make sure you have that in the sun - both - protection from both kinds of ultraviolet.","That is correct. It's actually probably the most important thing for people to remember because you want to have broad-spectrum covered. The reason is you can think of the UVB rays as being the burning rays, and you can think of the UVA rays as being the aging rays, and that's because the UVB rays go into the epidermis, which is where the nucleus is for the keratinocytes, the ones that when the DNA is changed, actually it turns into skin cancer, versus the UVA rays are longer wavelengths. And they actually go - capable of going into the deeper dermis, which is where the collagen is. And when you break down collagen, that's how you age, and probably about 80 to 90 percent of aging is actually a result of sun exposure.","What about the SPF factor?Does SPF 30 protect you twice as much as, say, SPF 15 and half as much as 60?","Great question. So it's - actually the way that the studies are done it's a little bit confusing because an SPF of 15 protects you from 93 percent of UVB rays, and it's only UVBs that SPF actually tells you about. Now, an SPF of 30 is going to protect you from 97 percent of those UVB rays. And when you get up to 50, you're only protecting yourself from 98 percent. So you can notice it's partial percentage points differences. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : SPF is not directly proportional to the level of protection.","questions":"What is the relationship between SPF and protection level?","answer":"Nonlinear"}
{"text":["O'Rourke. Yeah, let's talk about Beto.","Yeah, Beto O'Rourke. He made a hell yes promise to buy back assault weapons and to push for mandatory buyback of assault weapons. What do you make of this?","That was a dramatic highlight of the debate and grabbed a lot of people, got a lot of mentions. But such moments do not make legislation. Congressional Democrats don't have a clear majority for an assault weapons ban, let alone gun takeaways. They're still hoping for universal background checks or - on people buying guns. But to pass the Republican Senate and actually get enacted, even that much would need the backing of the president and the approval of the federal courts. We are still a long way from meaningful gun measures, despite the carnage we saw from guns in August and so many other recent months and years.","And let's stay in the realm of Congress for this last question, Ron. As of today, where do you assess where Democrats stand on the question of impeachment at the moment?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The background checks will be of anyone and everyone that buys a gun in the country.","questions":"What type of weapons did Beto O'Rourke promise to buy back?","answer":"Assault"}
{"text":["The Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi continues to oppose proceeding with impeachment, and there's no law that says she has to go forward if a majority of her caucus wants it. And something that you do hear in the nuance of these statements from members of the House is they're not putting a lot of pressure on the speaker. They're not vocally opposing her strategy, going after her. They're saying this is where they are personally, and, in fact, she's given them permission to do so. But they're not saying, you know, the leadership is wrong, and we've got to push this through. So there is some patience, I think, that allows the speaker to continue to move the process forward.","So she is still the engineer.","She is. I. . .","But not necessarily plotting the course. I told you this analogy would be hard to take.","(Laughter) Well, she has very firm control over the caucus of House Democrats. And, so far, they have deferred to her, even if they differ with her on where this train, as you put it, is likely to end up."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : She is not necessarily the one that is making the decisions with the impeachment.","questions":"How is Nancy Pelosi's role with respect to impeachment decisions described in the dialogue?","answer":"Notnecessarily"}
{"text":["Well, for me it's almost anything that I'm sent and asked to click on in which somebody else is supposedly really embarrassing themselves. And I'm supposed to find this funny. I'm supposed to enjoy the spectacle. But it's just a physical response that I can't, you know. I clench sort of every muscle in my body and I can barely bring myself to watch it and then end up pressing stop. So, you know, examples would be the recording that was around this week of an employee of a cable company attempting to make a departing customer stay using all sorts of extraordinary arguments, I'm told. I'm told it was very embarrassing for the cable company employee. But I don't know because I can't bring myself to listen to it.","The guy who proposed marriage to a woman at the ballpark - you know about this one?","Oh, this is going to be a wedding proposal that is rejected in public, I think?","Yeah, that's it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : the speaker is not actually making a statement about a specific rejected wedding proposal, but rather anticipating that the example provided by the other speaker will involve a public wedding proposal that is rejected.","questions":"How is the speaker anticipating the example provided by the other speaker?","answer":"Public"}
{"text":["In Larry Nassar's statement to the court last year just before he was sentenced, he said he'd been impacted to his inner-most core by the testimony of his victims, including yourself. But he did not apologize. He was, though, sentenced to life in prison. Did you feel resolution walking away from that day?","You know, I did in the sense that Larry will never be able to hurt another child. And I take great comfort in that. That being said, Larry was a symptom of the problem. And that's something, again, that I really wanted to dig into in the book. Larry didn't just magically appear as one of the most prolific predators in campus history, in sports history and in history in general. He didn't magically appear that way. He was enabled and sheltered by powerful organizations, by law enforcement agencies that mishandled or refused to investigate reports of sexual misconduct. And so while we were able to stop Larry, what really remains to be done and the work that has just begun is dealing with the institutions and the dynamics that left him in power.","Rachael Denhollander is an activist and former gymnast. Her book \"What Is A Girl Worth?\"and her children's book \"How Much Is A Little Girl Worth?\"are out now. Rachael, thank you so much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Impacted to the \"inner-most core\" is not literally. It's not the core of his body, it just means that it affected him greatly.","questions":"How was Larry Nassar impacted by the testimony of his victims?","answer":"Greatly"}
{"text":["Well, popularity is very important. The outdoor world needs more visitors and better accessibility. The difficulty with managing that side of it is that construction can have adverse effects to the natural areas if you start doing different buildings and that sort of thing on top of it, but yes.","Is this an anomaly, though, when we're talking just about Horseshoe Bend or have you seen other spaces that have changed?","I have. A smaller one in Colorado is Conundrum Hot Springs. After it became a spot for people to easily find on social media, the amount of visitorship (ph) went up really high. And since this is a very remote location where people kind of hang around for a long time in the hot springs, they ran out of places to go to the bathroom. As a result, Conundrum Hot Springs had to be shut down for a little bit while park rangers were up there with shovels to relieve that issue.","Meaning they were building bathrooms because people were just, like, basically. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The park rangers had to build bathrooms at Conundrum Hot Springs because of the high number of visitors.","questions":"What did the park rangers have to build at Conundrum Hot Springs?","answer":"Bathrooms"}
{"text":["She always continues to say throughout is public sentiment is everything. And at the time of the - of President Clinton's impeachment, while what he did was reprehensible, he was impeached for political reasons. I don't think - Democrats do not believe that they're going down this road for political reasons. This is not about politics. This is strictly about the Constitution and the right of Congress to do its job for the American people.","Can I ask you about her ability to deal with strong personalities?I mean, she's very often been one of the few women in the room. She's small in stature, but clearly, she has an ability to hold her own with big personalities, loud personalities. And was just wondering, you know, where does that come from?How does she do it?","Everyone always tries to underestimate her, but they've learned their lesson. And what she brings is she brings power, real power, whether as the Democratic leader where Republicans needed Democratic votes to pass certain things, whether the speaker of the House. Being speaker of the House provides an enormous amount of power. And I think all these men across the past and currently now know it and understand it. And they should never underestimate her.","What do you think is Speaker Pelosi's major skill as speaker?What do you think is the secret to her success as speaker?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implying she is underestimated because she is a woman.","questions":"Which aspect of Speaker Pelosi's personality is often ignored according to the implied meaning in the dialogue?","answer":"Powerfulness"}
{"text":["Correct.","And is there a difference in spider silk as opposed to the silkworm silk?","There are many similarities between the two, as a family of proteins. There are also some distinct differences. There are many different kinds of both spider silks and silkworm silks. The silk we use for this particular study is really based on a purified version of what's present in the textile world, and we choose that because the infrastructure is there, the supplies are there to really utilize this in a widespread application like vaccine distribution that we're talking about.","So you could use it for more than just vaccines?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : There are other potential uses for the silk beyond vaccine distribution.","questions":"What is one potential use for the silk mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Textile"}
{"text":["(Laughter).","But - so in any event, do you really want to put yourself on the side of people that cut even 3 percent from the Meals on Wheels budget?","Well, from a political standpoint, you're right. But this is the problem for whatever the not-left-of-center crew is, now that it's gotten so diverse in the era of Trump is - who's going to talk about how it works?Back to repealing Obamacare, there is a method going forward that works. It involves using tax credits to let people shop. And their choices drive down prices and create more products that they want to buy. But no one's talk about that because you're trapped in this Trump gravitational conversational field.","Well, we'll have you back. We have to cut the conversation short. Michael Graham is podcast editor for The Weekly Standard."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker is expressing amusement at the topic being discussed.","questions":"Which emotion is the speaker expressing in turn 0?","answer":"Amusement"}
{"text":["Oh, this is - this is about the rarest of the rare thing you could see. This is when Venus crosses in front of the sun. We had this happen in June 2004, but we're going to have a repeat here June 5, 2012. And we need to urge everybody to go see this thing because we are not going to live to see the next one. The next time this'll happen will be the year 2117.","Now, it's not quite as dramatic as a solar eclipse or anything like that, it's a little subtle, and may I do my sting impression?Is that OK?","Go ahead.","(Singing) There'll be a little black spot on the sun that day."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A: (Singing) There'll be a little black spot on the sun that day.  The actual meaning of this turn is different from its literal meaning. It is a reference to a song by The Police, and is being used metaphorically to describe the transit of Venus, which will appear as a small black dot moving across the face of the sun.","questions":"What is the metaphorical meaning of the phrase \"little black spot on the sun\"?","answer":"Venus"}
{"text":["Times like this, when the economies of states are in default, can states really afford this?","I really don't think they can, and in many, many states, legislatures are starting to agree with that idea and to really rethink their priorities. I mean, every dollar that you spend building and running a prison is a dollar that's not spent on a public university or healthcare or roads and bridges. At this point, Kansas, Texas and at least 11 other states are taking a very serious look at how to try out some new strategies that will curb their prison population, shrink the number of people behind bars so they can save a little money, reduce some recidivism and have money for other budget priorities.","Well, back up and tell us how we got here, because in your article you say in 1970 our prisons held fewer than 200,000 people. What happened?","A number of things happened. But primarily, it's what's called our nation's war on drugs. And I say so-called war on drugs, because, you know, we like to use that metaphor all the time on everything. But essentially a new host of sentencing practices took hold in the early '70s and spread across the country. Mandatory minimum sentences, meaning that the amount of drugs involved in a particular crime would affect the severity of the punishment. So even if you're a low-level drug mule, for example, the amount of drugs you were carrying was going to ensure that you get a very large sentence, perhaps even more than a drug king pin if that person was caught without a lot of drugs."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The war on drugs has resulted in the implementation of harsh sentencing practices.","questions":"Which practice took hold in the early '70s that affected the severity of the punishment for drug-related crimes?","answer":"Mandatory-minimum-sentences"}
{"text":[". . . Transparency. They want to know how we got to this point so that no presidential candidate, Democrat or Republican, ever sees something like this happen to them.","So you would like to see an investigation of the investigation. You do think that's a productive use of time.","What I want to make certain is we know that bad actors are rooted out and that we are going to be well served by individuals who realize we are a nation of laws, that we will abide by the rule of law. And you are going to have law enforcement there that is to uphold the law.","Marsha Blackburn is a Republican senator from Tennessee. She sits on the Judiciary Committee. Thank you very much for joining us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : joining us implies being part of a program or activity and not referring to mixing or attaching people together","questions":"Which Committee does Marsha Blackburn sit on?","answer":"judiciary"}
{"text":["This is WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. I'm Scott Simon. Pope Francis issued what's called an apostolic exhortation this week called The Joy of Gospel. And in his exhortation, he upheld church teachings while signaling a new openness to conversation about change. Maybe most notably the pope criticized the way much of the world, including the United States, does business. He warned against what he called an economy of exclusion, arguing that the very structural causes of poverty must be addressed. We turn now to Father James Martin, a noted Jesuit and culture editor of the Jesuit magazine America. He joins us from Philadelphia today. Father Jim, thanks for being with us.","THE REV. JAMES MARTIN: My pleasure.","What's the pope exhorting his church to do?","Well, I would say in this document he's asking us to do three things. Number one, remember the importance of joy. When we preach the Gospel, he inveighs against sourpusses - that's the English translation."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"he inveighs against sourpusses - that's the English translation.\" - figurative language, meaning that the Pope is criticizing people who are gloomy or negative, rather than using the literal meaning of \"sourpusses.\"","questions":"How does the Pope criticize some people in his exhortation?","answer":"Criticize"}
{"text":["In the end, has the IMF been a force for good?What has it done that might otherwise not have been done?","You know, I think the comparison is with what happened in the '20s and '30s - that was a world in which we did not have a international lender of last resort. And it was a world in which countries went bankrupt. There was a massive retreat from globalization, countries lost confidence in the way the international financial system worked. And I think the proof of how valuable the IMF has been is the onward march of globalization.","But you're aware of the fact that when the IMF meets, there are going to be protesters outside who are saying that globalization is the problem.","Yeah and I think they're mistaken. They are objecting to some of the cultural consequences of globalization. But I don't think anyone can object to an institution that's committed to preventing people from going under."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : B: \"the problem\" refers to the negative effects of globalization, which may include job losses, cultural homogenization, and environmental degradation. The protesters are not necessarily saying that globalization is a problem in and of itself, but rather that the way it has been implemented has been harmful to many people and the planet.","questions":"Which aspect of globalization are the protesters outside objecting to?","answer":"Effects"}
{"text":["Non-binary meaning they don't identify as male or female. They and many other English speakers have been using they like this for years. Here, Emily Brewster will use it in a sentence.","Here is my friend J. They will be joining us for dinner. The they is referring to this individual who is standing right here.","Now, there's been criticism of this usage - some by those who don't understand why someone might identify as non-binary but also by those who are put off by this change in grammar. They - the critics - say it's confusing to hear they are in a sentence if the speaker is only referring to one person. But our word expert disagrees. Brewster says we already do this with another pronoun.","The word you was originally a plural pronoun, and in the 14th century, it started to slide toward this use of being both plural and singular. And so when I am speaking to you, an individual, a single person, I say you are. I don't say you is. The you are is grammatical."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The criticism is by some that are offended by the langauge.","questions":"How do some critics feel about the language?","answer":"confused"}
{"text":["Our unlikely shrew story comes from his new book, \"This is Improbable: Cheese String Theory, Magnetic Chickens and Other WTF Research,\" where he's collected all sorts of scientific studies you can't take seriously but you can't dismiss either. Welcome back to SCIENCE FRIDAY, Marc.","Hi, Ira. Did I just hear you say the Animals of Improbable Research?","Did I say?I don't think I did. But maybe I did. I'd be happy to have - put that in there.","OK.  We, believe it or not, get a lot of letters addressed to that."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A is jokingly referencing the title of B's book","questions":"Which book is PersonA referencing in the dialogue?","answer":"book"}
{"text":["But he was like an incredible, incredible hero. And when I interviewed him, God, probably two months later, he had a stroke. A year later, he was dead. So these stores are like - I mean, they're disappearing every single day.","When you think about a story like that, where someone gave his all and didn't get a lot of credit for it, is that a theme that runs through the book?","It definitely runs through the World War II section. I mean, pretty much all the vets who served in World War II. I mean, I have a vet who was at Iwo Jima, another story you don't hear much about African-Americans serving there. Also a buffalo soldier I have who came home after, you know, fighting in Italy the worst of Hitler's troop. Comes home, the ship lands in Virginia, and the white people in the town turn their back on the black soldiers. They don't even want to look at them.","I mean, it was - they walked through the town, he said it was like they were convicts. People turned their backs on them. And he was with me at the Smithsonian. We had an event for some of these vets. And he cried when he talked about that. And everyone in the audience stood up and cheered for him. And it was 60 years later, but it was like he was coming home that day."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"they're disappearing every single day\" - This phrase is a metaphorical way of saying that the stories are being lost or forgotten over time, rather than literally disappearing every day.","questions":"How are the stories disappearing every day?","answer":"Lost"}
{"text":["Which tells us?","Well, it's 6:30 on a Sunday night. Most of the House members are usually watching \"Sunday Night Football. \"I would not be able to tell you when I last saw the House come into session on a Sunday night. Under any circumstances, they don't meet on Sunday. It's happened, but I can't tell you when it happened last. So this is an extraordinary, unusual circumstance. So that would tend to suggest that somewhere during the day, Speaker Boehner, John Boehner, the leader of the Republicans in the House, where they are the majority, got it in his head that there was going to be something to talk about on Sunday night, whereas there wasn't as of this morning. So perhaps there's something going on. Perhaps the president does have something to talk about with the Senate Republicans. Perhaps it would be something the Senate Republicans could accept and therefore agree not to filibuster. This is crucial.","Right.","If they filibuster, we lose three days, so they have to agree. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : filibuster refers to delaying and procrastinating by pretext","questions":"Which term is used to describe delaying and procrastinating by pretext in the dialogue?","answer":"Filibuster"}
{"text":["Well, we're interested in understanding, one, what are all the metabolites or small molecules that are under the control of the circadian clock in these post-harvest vegetables and fruits?So in things like zucchini and carrots and sweet potato, we would expect a different sweet of metabolites to be regulated by the clock. So we'd like to know what those are. And then we'd like to know what kind of conditions could be used to make this a practical - if it turns out that we can really make a difference in nutritional quality then. . .","Right.",". . . we would want to design a simply way to keep the clock running. And we know that plants can respond to just pulses of light in ways that can control or set their clock. And so we'd like to investigate what are the simplest ways that we can use to make this practical.","Well, we wish you good luck, Dr.  Braam."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : They want to design a way to keep plants's internal system working even when they are indoors.","questions":"How do they plan to maintain the plants' internal system when they are not exposed to natural light?","answer":"Ways"}
{"text":["Has the United States done this before - taken back citizens who have some connection to ISIS fighters?","We know of one previous case. That's of Samantha El Hassani and her four children, who were repatriated to the U. S.  She's now standing trial in Indiana in a federal court, accused of providing material support to terrorism. Although, she's pleading not guilty, saying, you know, her husband dragged her to Syria. The U. S.  has said that they want to take back citizens. And President Trump has even urged in a tweet for other countries to take their citizens back. But it's not a blanket acceptance of people from Syria. The State Department says they're looking at the individuals on a case-by-case basis. And there is the ongoing controversial case of Hoda Muthana. She was born in New Jersey. She's been previously issued with U. S.  passports, but the U. S.  is challenging her citizenship status because her father is Yemeni.","As you point out, this is not just about U. S.  citizens. Tens of thousands of people went to Syria and Iraq to join ISIS. How are other countries handling this with their own citizens?","Well, as you say, it's a huge problem. So we're looking at about 46 other countries who are having to deal with this at the moment. And there's 13,000 women and children in the camps in Syria as well as the men in prisons. Some people have - some countries have taken their citizens back, like Kazakhstan and Sudan. But a lot of countries in Europe are saying, you know, we don't want these people back. The U. K.  has gone as far as stripping some people of citizenship."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The UK government has removed citizenship from some people.","questions":"What country has stripped some people of citizenship?","answer":"UK"}
{"text":["Yeah.",". . . Household where they can do a little more with their income.","So what kind of minimum wage jobs are we talking about?","So we find a lot of our families do have the fast-food restaurant jobs. But we do have families that also have certified nursing assistants. We have nurses on our program. We have families with professional jobs. They're moving up. But we do see a lot of the fast-food restaurant, airport low-paying jobs at this time.","Is there advice you'd give the federal government about a jobs requirement program?","I think introducing a minimum work requirement may be a good option in the long run, but you have to take it slow. You can't just roll it out, say I - we want to do this today and roll it out tomorrow. We will impact families tremendously. We may increase homelessness because this becomes a substantial burden on families, especially our low-income families. We would definitely have a social problem in this country if we rolled it out all at once."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Many families in the program have low-paying jobs like fast-food restaurant and airport jobs.","questions":"How do families in the program earn their income?","answer":"Jobs"}
{"text":["So you were ready to stand up for yourself?","Oh, absolutely, 100 percent.","Do you ever talk to the students that you went to college with recently, students who were maybe sometimes 60 years younger than you, about what you have lived and what you have gone through?Do you ever tell them these kinds of stories?","In some of my classes, some of the fellows would ask me about the segregated South. I would reveal to them, like in one instance, we had a history major and he was just tickled to death to learn this stuff firsthand from somebody who had actually been through it. Example, I used to tell him that at Norfolk Navy Yard, the drinking fountains and lavatories were all segregated - black, colored water and colored bathrooms, white bathrooms. And the white water always broke down and they drank the colored water."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"So you were ready to stand up for yourself?\" - The actual meaning could be, \"Were you prepared to defend yourself and your beliefs when faced with opposition or criticism?\" It may not necessarily mean the person was physically standing up.","questions":"How did the students react to the history major's interest in the segregated South?","answer":"Firsthand"}
{"text":["Mm-hmm. And. . .",". . . because the sound was different.","Yeah. And also, they - when they gave people different kinds of spoons, it affected what they thought about the food.","Oh, they've done all kinds of things. The spoon is actually a gigantic question, not necessarily important, but gigantic."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A implies that the impact of the spoon on people's perception of food is not significant but it is a curious question.","questions":"What does PersonA think about the significance of the spoon's impact on people's perception of food?","answer":"Not-significant"}
{"text":["Initially, Manaf was very close to Bassel. I mean, he was his childhood friend. But when Bassel died and Bashar became the heir, obviously, the friendship and the loyalties were transferred to Bashar. And Manaf was by Bashar's side, you know, from the get-go.","You know, in 2011, when the uprising started, here, Manaf made the break and said, you know, I'm not going to be like my father, Mustafa; I'm not going to kill, you know, to preserve this regime. So he stepped back and eventually had to leave the country.","When you talked to Manaf Tlass, who was a loyalist for so long, what does he say is the moment when he said, I got to get out of this - this friendship, this country?","Initially, when the uprising started, Manaf was trying to convince Bashar not to use violence, not to actually shoot protesters. But the problem is, you know, Bashar was surrounded by these hardliners - his brother Maher al-Assad and his cousin Hafez Makhlouf. So this is very much a family affair ruling Syria. These people were for actually shooting people from the first day. And the idea was if you shot enough people from the first day, you would scare them off the streets. That was the logic."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Bashar and his family members were the main supporters of using violence to suppress the uprising.","questions":"Which family members supported violence to suppress the uprising?","answer":"Family"}
{"text":["Well, it certainly, was fine with you because I'm reading from your book here. This is what you said about non-African-American writers. Quote, \"I have learned over the years as much about African-American life from non-African-American writers as I have from African-Americans. \"That's interesting.","Yeah, I've read some very important books. I mean, there've been some very important scholars in my field which I deal with African-American studies. There've been some very important non-African-Americans who have written in that field and - who've done tremendous, pioneering work in that field and who were important. And I've learned a great deal from them as a result. I feel no reason to discriminate against them in any way. I remembered that John Hope Franklin once told me that in the south African-American colleges he said were he called - were integrated so he called them, these islands of civility. I like to think that the volumes that we're putting out are sort of islands of civility where, you know, lots of people can, you know, be shoulder to shoulder.","Gerald Early, thank you very much. Good luck with this project.","Thank you very much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : No actual islands, but small groups of people that acted civilly toward one another surrounded by large groups that did not.","questions":"What did John Hope Franklin refer to as \"islands of civility\" in the south?","answer":"Integrated"}
{"text":["You know, you're helping a lot of people, Mr.  Mayor.","Well, I hope I am. I don't see it, and that's what scares me most of all. We care about everybody. We have to reach out for all of them and try to be successful for them to help them be that support deal for them. It's not a positive day every day, but you have to make it into one.","The mayor of Fulton, Texas, Jimmy Kendrick - thanks so much for being with us, Mr.  Mayor. Good luck to you.","Well, I appreciate it. And just keep us in your prayers. It's always nice to have a prayer given for us."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) \"I don't see it, and that's what scares me most of all\" - This implies that the mayor is feeling uncertain about the outcome of his actions, which is different from the literal meaning of the sentence. ","questions":"How does the mayor feel about the outcome of his actions? (The answer is \"uncertain.\")","answer":"Uncertain"}
{"text":["Obviously, everything in this book is something that I concluded is accurate and true. That's a process of, do I trust my source?No. 1. And then I, you know, like to hear it a couple of times.","I'm thinking of the famous Watergate stories by Woodward and Bernstein. It was said that their standard was they wanted to hear two sources. Was that your standard?Anything in here is by two sources?","Most everything in here is either by multiple sources or, in some cases, by someone I absolutely trust.","Does the president talk to you anymore?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A relies on multiple sources to ensure accuracy, unlike Watergate reporters who required two sources","questions":"What was PersonA's process for ensuring accuracy?","answer":"Multiple"}
{"text":["Well, yeah.","And - select which is the right kind of alcohol to put in there. Free test it.","Well, they - rum and bourbon.","Right."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B is asking A which type of alcohol to use for the recipe","questions":"What is PersonB requesting from PersonA in turn 1?","answer":"Alcohol"}
{"text":["We should note that USA Today, which when it was founded in 1982, said it would never endorse a candidate for president - didn't want to go to that kind of - didn't want to participate in that kind of politics - has not endorsed a candidate but has said, in some departure from their usual policy, Donald Trump is unfit to be president, so don't vote for him.","What's an editorial worth in this age of social media?","You know, we know that people don't read newspaper editorials by and large. And if they ever read one, it's usually something like this in the presidential season. But we know that people read about them and hear about them.","And that's where, in the age of social media, they may actually matter more because people are going to be talking about this wipeout, this refusal of people who, remember, historically, have almost always gone with Republicans, to go with Donald Trump.","OK, now Miss Universe. Did Hillary Clinton set a trap for Donald Trump, which he sprang on himself?","You know, this story could have gone away in 24 hours or 48 hours. It could have had some impact on Monday night and perhaps, then, just gone away. We've heard an awful lot of high impact stories come and go already in this campaign."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : 5) OK, now Miss Universe.Did Hillary Clinton set a trap for Donald Trump, which he sprang on himself?","questions":"How did PersonA respond to PersonB's question about Miss Universe?","answer":"Story"}
{"text":["Yeah, it's still very present. I don't think it's still very accurate. I think what this proves is that 5 billion songs is $5 billion, and so they are still saying that global music sales have dropped 8percent to about 19. 4 billion, according to the phonographic industry.","So they are seeing some sales still decline, but you're seeing digital music rise, so I think these music labels are needed to get with the program and get over this fear of piracy, and - and look at this say, you know what?Five billion songs, that's a lot of music that anyone could be buying. I mean, that's just - you know, at the end of the day, that's a lot of music to be purchased.","Mario, thanks so much.","Thank you, Farai.","Mario Armstrong is News & Notes regular technology contributor, and he joined us from the studios of the Baltimore Sun."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Digital music sales are increasing, music labels need to adapt to the changing market.","questions":"How are music labels being urged to respond to the changing market?","answer":"Get"}
{"text":["The likelihood that the law was going to get struck down was one of the factors that contributed to the council's decision to repeal it. But there were also many groups that came together to push for the repeal.","Mr.  Muchmore, I'm told you also have a laundromat in your bar.","I do have a small laundromat in the back. It's a New Orleans thing. I grew up in New Orleans, and there a lot of the bars have laundries so that while you're doing your laundry, you can have a beer or a coffee and get to know your neighbors.","How are you going to celebrate?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) The council's decision to repeal the law was influenced by several factors, one of which was the likelihood that the law would be deemed unconstitutional and struck down. Additionally, there were various groups advocating for the repeal of the law.","questions":"Which factor contributed to the council's decision to repeal the law?","answer":"Likelihood"}
{"text":["Yeah. I mean, that is the thing in this country. I mean, I know America quite well. And I think we have to reverse the absolute mirror image of the broadcasting and newspaper. When the debate was around about the beginning of this year about fake news, there was a lot of discussion about how, in this country, people are kind of used to fake news because - not that the newspapers are fictional, but they do take a slant on some stories. But the television media here, in particular, and the radio has been regulated to be unbiased and impartial since broadcasting began in the 1930s.","Some here in America would view this as an agency of thought police. Is there pushback against Ofcom in the United Kingdom?","There have been periods of incredibly busy activity from Ofcom. Recently, they have been turning quite a few complaints across to us and other broadcasters. That is not a reflection of Ofcom. That's a reflection of people who write to Ofcom. They're only making decisions if viewers complain. But it's not a form of thought police. It's a form of being objective. I think viewers in this country expect the television and radio broadcasting to be unbiased, accurate and impartial. And so that is enshrined in law. It's an expectation. And when they feel that the standards of broadcasting have dropped below that, they complain to Ofcom, and then Ofcom investigates us.","Ben De Pear is the editor of Channel 4 News. Thank you very much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"agency of thought police\" - the literal meaning of this phrase would be an organization that physically enforces certain thoughts, but the actual meaning is an organization that restricts or controls freedom of thought or expression.","questions":"What phrase is used to refer to an organization that restricts or controls freedom of thought or expression?","answer":"thought-police"}
{"text":["Thanks, Scott.","First, these current attacks. Based on reporting, is there a particular source for attacks against Orthodox Jews?","Well, it seems to be happening often from people who live in the neighborhood. We don't know that much about the perpetrators. What we do know is that people that live in Crown Heights don't tend to be white supremacists. And to judge from the footage of many of these attacks, at least some of the perpetrators seem to be young black men or teenagers. And perhaps that's one of the reasons that so many people want to avert their eyes from what's happening in places like Crown Heights.","Are they street assaults and robberies or hate crimes?Where are the lines in something like this?","Well, all we know is that the people that are being attacked are the most publicly, visibly Jewish people. And they're incredibly violent. Given that this has been happening in the city, there's been a sort of curious lack of interest on the part of New Yorkers, on the part of the mayor, on the part of the governor. Imagine if a spate of crimes had happened in a pattern like this against another minority - what the reaction would be.","Has there also been a national increase in anti-Semitic crimes?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The person wants to know where the crimes are not taking place and who is not getting hurt.","questions":"How does turn 3 relate to the discussion about attacks against Orthodox Jews?","answer":"Location"}
{"text":["Yeah. And that took a lot out of my legs. I was pretty fatigued by the end of the game, and I'm feeling it today.","And do - I bet you are a little tired.","But at - towards the end of the game, where you aware of the record?And where you aware you'd broken it?","I wasn't aware, actually. I think I was just so tired and so focused on scoring the basketball. There's a stretch late in the second half where I think I hit seven or eight consecutive threes, and I knew something special was going on after that."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"something special was going on\" - This expression is a colloquialism used to describe an exceptional or noteworthy event. It does not literally mean that something supernatural or magical was happening.","questions":"Which expression is a colloquialism used to describe an exceptional or noteworthy event?","answer":"Special"}
{"text":["Correct. We discovered to our surprise that the law was being used with fair frequency in an effort to prevent mass shootings. So we decided to focus on those cases, and we reported 21 of them. We can't prove that the recovery of firearms in most of those cases prevented mass shootings from happening, but we do know firearms were recovered or purchases blocked in most cases and the shootings didn't occur.","OK. So what we have here is not definitive proof that red flag laws do indeed work, but we have some anecdotal evidence that show they might be working. Could you give us an example of one or two of these cases you looked at?","Sure. A disgruntled former employee made credible threats to return to his workplace and kill co-workers. One of the employees of that company reported this to law enforcement, who determined that this person had just purchased a 12-gauge shotgun. And our mandatory 10-day waiting period before he could acquire the gun, there were about two days left. So during that time, law enforcement was able to go to a judge who reviewed the evidence, issued a restraining order and the purchase was blocked. So when law enforcement went to the man's house, they found 400 rounds of ammunition for that shotgun.","Wow. All right. So that's an example of maybe law enforcement intervening just in time so he couldn't get his hands on a gun that would have been used to perhaps kill his colleagues."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : red flag usually means that something very bad is obvious","questions":"What kind of evidence did the reporters have about the effectiveness of red flag laws?","answer":"Anecdotal"}
{"text":["'Cause there are a lot of industries now that can point to the fact that they are using fewer people to sometimes produce even greater revenues.","Well, that's what using fewer people will sometimes do. It certainly will - using fewer people will increase the productivity of the people that you are using. And we had been living through an age where we are adapting to a transformative technology - the Internet. I mean, this has enormous effects on the workplace. But, you know, I'm a mere writer. I wouldn't even know how to begin to answer the question you just asked; how much of this is a fundamental shift in the economy and how much of it is a result of the way we've led our financial lives?","Michael Lewis, what should, in your mind, Americans learn from the financial crisis in Europe?","The thing that has interested me the most is the role of the big financial institutions in our economy. I think over the period of the last several decades, they have spun out of control; that they are too big to fail, which means that the normal sort of mechanism of a market economy is not allowed to work in a financial sector. That normal mechanism is creative destruction. It's, you know, someone builds a better one and the old one dies. And I would have thought the big lesson from the period of 2007, 2008 is that we can't really build an economy based on such institutions. It's like building your house on sand."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A's statement \"Well, that's what using fewer people will sometimes do\" implies a sarcastic tone, suggesting that using fewer people is not always a positive thing and can have negative consequences, despite B's initial statement seeming to praise it as a productivity booster. Additionally, A's response is somewhat evasive, indicating that they do not feel qualified to answer the question posed to them.","questions":"Which word implies a sarcastic tone in PersonA's response to PersonB's statement about using fewer people?","answer":"Sarcastic"}
{"text":["UNIDENTIFIED SPORTSCASTER #4: And you can just tell the way the big fellow was laughing, he thinks that's it.",". . . But his new book is a tribute to another legend, his coach at UCLA, John Wooden. Their 50-year-long friendship started on the court at Pauley Pavilion and grew over lunch at VIP's Cafe in Tarzana and long afternoons of easy conversation in coach Wooden's den. This week on Out of Bounds, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, author of \"Coach Wooden And Me. \"He joins me now from NPR West. Welcome so much to the program.","Thank you very much, nice to talk to you.","At the beginning of the book, you write about how you and coach Wooden when you first met were an odd couple sitcom waiting to happen. Tell us about who you were then."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"an odd couple sitcom waiting to happen\" - This turn is figurative language used to describe how Kareem Abdul-Jabbar and Coach Wooden seemed like an unlikely pair who would make a good subject for a television show. It is not meant to be taken literally, but as a way of expressing how different the two men were.","questions":"What is the figurative language used to describe Kareem Abdul-Jabbar and Coach Wooden in the statement?","answer":"figurative"}
{"text":["When I met him a couple of months ago, I said, listen. You have fought against Islamic radicalism. And you have saved Benghazi and eastern Libya from the terrorist threat. But if you try to run for office, you will lose all that because Libyans are difficult to govern. And I said to him, do you have any aspirations with that?He says, no. I want to rise above this. So I think he sees a real threat to Libya by the existence of these elements. And unfortunately, the international community and the United Nations, they are supporting a government that has no power. And in the end, that government that has no power is being run by militias.","Some people would counter that, actually, Haftar's forces are also comprised of militias with little ideology, some elements within them are so-called extremists and that he is no better than the forces he's purporting to counter.","I mean, I hate to disagree with this. I mean, Haftar is not perfect. I don't say he's perfect. But he has a Libyan army. They might have started off as militias. But now they are inducted into regular army. And more important, they try to paint Haftar into a warlord. You know, he's not. He has been authorized by the only representative body in the country, which is the Libyan Parliament. And so, please, don't get me wrong. I am not enamored with Haftar. And the last thing I want to see in Libya is another military dictatorship. I don't want to see that.","So why is Haftar making this move to take Tripoli now?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : They are not painting but describing the man in a certain way.","questions":"How is Haftar being portrayed?","answer":"portrayed"}
{"text":["In Brazil, at least 55 prison inmates are dead - strangled or stabbed after fights broke out in four different prisons over the weekend. Officials blame gang violence and say they're transferring some of these inmates to other prisons. Reporter Catherine Osborn is on the line from Rio.","Good morning, Catherine.","Morning.","So what is going on with these gangs in Brazilian prisons?This is a lot of people dead.","Yeah. Many drug gangs that operate outside of jails in Brazil in activities like drug trafficking and extortion operate and recruit from inside of the jails. And they're so powerful inside the prisons that, right after arriving, people join the gangs to get some small amount of protection. Prisons have even earned the nickname schools of crime in Brazil."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : Many drug gangs operate and recruit from inside of Brazilian jails.","questions":"How do drug gangs operate in Brazilian jails?","answer":"Recruit"}
{"text":["I never had an apartment before, so just finally having my own place. And it was magical. It was gorgeous - beautiful tub. I never could use the tub because I was afraid of the roaches.","So unfortunately there's always like pros and cons to that, but it was mine. And I loved it like it was my baby. And I still miss that apartment even though there is bug issues. I miss it.","Well, it made me wonder why there aren't more songs like that in R&B. I mean, R&B is very dominated by relationships - right?- sex, relationships songs. But it does - it did make me wonder, why aren't there more songs about other milestones in R&B?Like, why is that?","Well, first of all, I'm thankful that people love new apartments so much because I always feel like my comfort zone is writing about romance and sex. But I think there's this narrative that the world just wants to hear about simple things and - or just extreme, like, sadness. I've just been broken up with or something like that."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Despite the bug issues, A loved the apartment.","questions":"Which specific feeling did PersonA have towards their apartment?","answer":"Love."}
{"text":["You know, we - we're in constant communication with our states. I know South Carolina has done - and all the states, for that matter - but South Carolina, they've done a very proactive job. North Carolina is really going to amp up the messaging on evacuations. Florida has, and Georgia. So, you know, we will be able to tell what those evacuation rates are, obviously working with our state. The states and the locals are the ones that actually call for those evacuations.","Right now, it seems to be going well, but it always could go better. You know, if you're in a danger or hazard area, you know, I ask you to take those warnings seriously, and evacuate and protect yourself and your family.","Jeff Byard of FEMA, thanks for speaking with us today.","Thank you so much."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Taking warnings seriously and evacuating can help protect yourself and your family in a dangerous area.","questions":"How can you protect your family in a dangerous area?","answer":"Evacuate"}
{"text":["The problem is 90 percent of space in our military is in the Air Force. So what we're basically going to be doing is taking the current infrastructure - for example, Space Command in Colorado Springs will become the headquarters for the Space Corps. We're talking about taking the people that we need to take that deal with space and segregating them into a culture that appreciates them.","The Air Force has pushed back on this. The Air Force Secretary Heather Wilson said, quote, \"the Pentagon is complicated enough. This will make it more complex, add more boxes to the organization chart and cost more money. \"Is she wrong?","She's absolutely wrong. The bureaucracy is always going to fight reform - always, especially the Pentagon. They're fighting this because they don't want Congress meddling. You know, what I've told her is, in 16 years, the Air Force has not changed a thing. And they've got us in this situation now where Russia and China have become near peers. They're close to surpassing us. What we're proposing would change that.","I think what some people would say is that we are cooperating with the Russians on the International Space Station. Should space be the new frontier of warfare, or should it actually be a place where, indeed, these cooperations flourish?After all, we are all on one planet."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"add more boxes to the organization chart\" - This phrase implies that creating a new branch of the military focused on space would not only make the military more complex, but also increase its bureaucracy by adding more layers of hierarchy and management.","questions":"What does the Air Force Secretary's statement imply about the proposed new branch of the military?","answer":"Bureaucracy"}
{"text":["Perhaps Thursday night. And he had also mentioned that there - Democrats were, quote, \"trying to steal the election\" and had sort of mentioned fraud and referred the matter onto the state's version of the FBI called the Florida Department of Law Enforcement, known as the FDLE. Well, FDLE, the next day, said, hey, there's no allegation of fraud, that it - they don't even have a complaint.","So far, all of these folks are saying, on the Republican side, hey, there's fraud, it needs to be investigated, while the state investigative agency is like, we're here to investigate. Show us. And so far, there's nothing.","With 20 seconds left, why does this happen a lot in Florida?","Because that's just how we are. I think Tim Russert said Florida, Florida, Florida. Or some people call us Flori-duh (ph). And this is just part of the nature of living here and being a reporter in the Sunshine State."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"Flori-duh\" is a pun that plays on the literal name of the state, Florida, and the slang term \"duh\" which is often used to indicate stupidity or foolishness. This turn is figurative in nature.","questions":"How is \"Flori-duh\" a pun?","answer":"Pun"}
{"text":["And this could sound obvious, and this could sound like a no-brainer. But the reality in Mexico is that whenever a journalist is killed, investigators - their first reaction is to always try to find a motive that is not related to journalistic work. So they find any other motive - economic motive or maybe a passion motive, anything except journalistic work because they don't want to admit that they have a problem of press freedom in their hands. But I think in this case it is really obvious why Javier Valdez was killed.","Yeah. This is going to sound naive. But why do you think it's important to do stories like that?I mean, drug cartels - people often prefer just to look the other way - don't they?","Well, yes. But if you don't report on them, then nobody else will. And it is not just the stories about the drug cartels. It is the stories about the consequences that they are unleashing in Mexican public life in every level. I live in a city that, for years, was the turf in a turf war between two drug cartels. And the effects of the violence that they unleashed was devastating for the city because investment never came in. Jobs were not created. Nightlife shut down. People stopped going out on the street. We all started to distrust from one another. Neighborhoods began putting up gates and fences, and so it was really disruptive.","Your newspaper was attacked, wasn't it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"try to find a motive that is not related to journalistic work\" - the literal meaning is to search for a reason or cause that is not related to journalism, but the actual meaning is to avoid acknowledging that the journalist was killed because of their work.","questions":"How do investigators react when a journalist is killed in Mexico?","answer":"Avoid"}
{"text":["You know, a lot of people who are successful at their jobs identify very strongly with their jobs, with their profession. They say, I am Joe Blow and. . .","Yes.","I work at X company and that's a big strong part of their identity. And so I imagine when those people lose their jobs, it's particularly devastating because a part of their identity is gone.","Right. I ask people to sort of, you know, draw out a pie chart like if you had a circle and you're going to divide the different parts of the circle into who you are. You're a brother, sister, son, father, mother, whatever, daughter, friend, you're a member of a community, you're somebody who can help other people. There's a tendency in our society to overidentify with the role of a job, but we're many, many, many other things. So redefining and sort of expanding your definition of who you are is a magnificent way of empowering yourself."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Joe Blow isn't a real person. It implies someone who is just a regular guy who has little power.","questions":"What is the name of the person mentioned in turn 0?","answer":"Joe"}
{"text":["So wait, you're saying to invest in fat?","Well, exactly. Or to invest in companies that prevent that fat. So that's one potential demographic change. The amount of chocolate consumed worldwide is greater every year, particularly, you know, as you have a lower class in China that's moving towards the middle class.","The problems with clean water in these urban areas is getting larger and larger every year. For instance, right now, just about 50 percent of all hospital beds worldwide are filled with people suffering from clean-water-related diseases or unclean-water-related diseases. So making investments based on these trends and the others I discuss in the book could be enormously profitable in the long run.","Does the fact that this economy, which seems to just take hit after hit after hit, and it seems to be heading straight into a recession if not worst, does that at all change the advice that you give?And presumably, you wrote this book before all the really bad news hit."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The statement of A implied that he is suggesting investing in companies that are working to address the problem of lack of clean water","questions":"How can investing in which type of companies be profitable according to PersonA's statement?","answer":"Clean-water"}
{"text":["Hello.","What happened to you this morning?What happened in Kathmandu?","Well, we were on a staff retreat with our editors and reporters up on a mountaintop overlooking Kathmandu Valley. And it felt as if I was propelled two meters up into the air. It was just such a heavy jolt. And when we looked down at the city, it looked like it had been completely destroyed because there was a ball of dust covering the entire valley in which Kathmandu is situated. And we thought the whole city had been destroyed. But as we got down back into the city through the roads, it looked like it wasn't as bad as we initially feared. Many of the residential buildings were damaged, but seem to be intact. On the other hand, the monuments of the world heritage sites in Kathmandu - Bhaktapur and Patan - many of them have been completely destroyed.","Mr.  Dixit, have you been able to get a handle on how extensive the damage is in Nepal and for that matter the region 'cause there are reports that India's also been affected."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A: \"And when we looked down at the city, it looked like it had been completely destroyed because there was a ball of dust covering the entire valley in which Kathmandu is situated.\" The city was not actually completely destroyed, but the dust made it difficult to see and gave the impression that it had been destroyed.","questions":"What gave the impression that the city had been completely destroyed?","answer":"Dust"}
{"text":["He had a very special place in the music pantheon.","He really did, and those people live forever.","Absolutely.","People like Marvin Gaye and Donny Hathaway and Nat King Cole and Luther Vandross. That's why we say the late, great. And people used to say that about my dad, and I didn't - I only heard it about daddy, you know, the late, great, Donny Hathaway. And I say it about Luther as well. You know, his - it's such a void created that it will never be filled again."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The person being referred to was a great loss to the music industry and cannot be replaced","questions":"What is the description of the person being referred to in turn 3?","answer":"Late"}
{"text":["Well, I know that my name is on the cover, but the Library of America was at least an equal partner, if not more. Reggie Hui there went into the archives, and he found every single short story she'd ever published in the most esoteric, small, little magazines. And John Kulka and Reggie and I had multiple really long debates and conversations about which stories to include. There were many passionate speeches on all sides, particularly mine. And we ended up with. . .","(Laughter) Battles to the death, I'm gathering. Yeah.",". . . Battles. Yes. It was bloody, but it was also joyous because we're - all three of us - just super fans of Nancy Hale's.","I mean, people always ask fiction writers - as you would know better than anyone - how much of your writing, how much of your protagonist is you. And writers always say, it's fiction. You know, I made it all up. But you write that with Hale, it's - it actually really matters to know what her life story was when you're reading these stories."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The person is making a humurous remark about the debate.","questions":"Which partner was instrumental in finding every single short story Nancy Hale ever published?","answer":"Reggie"}
{"text":["I think his great forte is understanding the problems that we face. He's had great experiences. You know, he was raised - a good part of his youth was in France. He speaks French fluently and understands Europeans quite well, and his being the Allied commander in Europe was absolutely a perfect fit. And he can expand that in giving advice in problems, literally, all over the world.","I read that James Jones went to Georgetown University, where he played basketball. Do you have any sensed of maybe whether he and President-elect Obama might discuss security issues over a game of hoops?","I wouldn't doubt it. President-elect Obama would also find he's a competitor. That ought to be an interesting basketball game.","Congressman Ike Skelton of Missouri. Thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The person mentioned has a talent for comprehending problems and advising on them worldwide, due to his experiences and background, not necessarily related to France.","questions":"How can the person mentioned advise on problems?","answer":"Advice"}
{"text":["And what's your percentage normally?","Normally, it's around 65 to 70 percent in practice.","It's a little easier when nobody is guarding.","Yeah, a little bit."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The statement from B implies that there is some kind of activity or task involved between them that is easier to perform when there are no guards present.","questions":"How does the presence of guards affect the activity\/task?","answer":"Easier"}
{"text":["Seems that this year, more Americans are making their electoral preferences known from the hereafter. Katie Falzone is vice president for operations at Legacy. com. They host obituaries for newspapers and funeral homes. She joins us now from the studios of WBEZ in Chicago, where, of course, deceased Americans can always vote. Thanks very much for being with us, Ms.  Falzone.","Thank you, Scott.","So has this really stepped up this election year.","It definitely has. I recently pulled some numbers from our site and found, you know, over the course of the past few election cycles, we've seen a huge increase. So the first year I looked at was comparing June to June numbers for the 2003-2004. We only had five references to political candidates in obituaries. This year, 119."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) \"we've seen a huge increase\" - The implied meaning here is that there has been a significant increase in the number of political references in obituaries on the website Legacy.com over the past few election cycles. The literal meaning is simply that there has been an increase.","questions":"How many political references were there in obituaries on Legacy.com during the first year that was compared to the current year?","answer":"Five"}
{"text":["So California Chrome is supposed to be a little slow out of the gate.","He's all right out of the gate. He's fidgety in it. He's actually a lovely horse disposition wise - loves people, is very tractable. But in the gate he gets really easier to go so he will fidget, fidget, fidget. And one very top trainer, Bob Baffert, who has won his share of Triple Crown races said if he can get out of the gate well, he will win this race.","He has got white homes. And I have read white hooves make a horse vulnerable.","Yes. Well, white hooves does tend to be softer than dark hooves. And his actually point east and west, his front feet, he does not have straight feet. You can see in the starting gate. He's like Charlie Chaplin in there."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  The turn of phrase whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning is:  (2) \"out of the gate\" - in this context, it means how well the horse starts the race from the starting gate, rather than literally coming out of a gate.","questions":"What does \"out of the gate\" mean in the context of the dialogue?","answer":"horse-starts-race"}
{"text":["Even - and especially if it comes afterwards, but it's that - it's - once you charge somebody up with emotion, you're putting them into a state where their critical thinking or what, you know, what Kahneman would call system-two thinking, that reflective thinking becomes harder. And you have to keep in mind, this also - I'm making this sound like this sinister thing, you know, that, oh, we're trying to get away with - well, maybe when the car salesman is telling you a joke just at the point where you were about to, you know, open the hood and look at the engine, and you go, oh, this is a nice guy. I'll buy this car from him. Maybe there, it's sinister, you know?In magic, you come in expecting and hoping that the person is going to amaze you and\/or make you laugh.","And if he doesn't, you're disappointed. I want to thank you so much for joining us, Teller. Teller's piece called \"Teller Reveals His Secrets\" ran in the March issue of Smithsonian magazine. There's a link to it at npr. org, click on TALK OF THE NATION. He joined us from NPR member station KNPR in Las Vegas, Nevada. Thank you very much for joining us, Teller.","Hey, thanks.","Tomorrow, we will talk about the science of pet therapy and how the happiness can go both ways. This is TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News. I'm John Donvan in Washington."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B: \"How the happiness can go both ways.\" Implicated meaning: The positive effects of pet therapy can be experienced by both the animals providing the therapy and the humans receiving it.","questions":"What is the topic of tomorrow's discussion on NPR's TALK OF THE NATION?","answer":"Pet-therapy"}
{"text":[". . . Quote, \"a slap in the face\" and then said, it was like him spitting on me. Must hurt to hear those words from your mother, even thirdhand.","Not necessarily. I mean, my mom is a very strong-willed person. And it's something to where I disagree with her very wholeheartedly and very politely. And even if it does hurt, I know that that's not a reaction that is deserved. So I try not to take it too much to heart.","Yeah. You don't doubt her love, but you do question her judgment.","Yeah, absolutely. That's a great way to put it. And I think a lot of people that are in a similar situation as mine can question a parent's, you know, love or care for their child to deny them a medical procedure. And some people can even compare vaccines to something like a seat belt. How would you love a child and deny them the safety of a seat belt?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : a slap in the face in this context means someone did something shocking to someone else that they didn't like","questions":"Which phrase did PersonA use to describe their mother's personality?","answer":"Strong-willed"}
{"text":["It seems simple at the outset, and we seem - we take it for granted. I mean, we're fortunate enough to be able to exercise our sense of taste and smell three times, if not more, a day. But what \"Taste What You're Missing\" is about is really stepping back, slowing down and understanding a little bit more about the mechanisms of what make up the concept of flavor, taste.","And so what I hope this book does is teach people a little bit more because we know that with greater understanding comes greater appreciation. And so the bottom line takeaway from this book, I hope, is a greater appreciation for food. And I'm not talking about just those meals where we go out to a fine restaurant, we - we're spending a lot of our money to have a special occasion meal.","I'm talking about those mundane meals that we have every day because there's joy and incredible sensory experiences in everything we put in our mouth.","1-800-989-8255 is our number if you'd like to talk with Barb Stuckey, author of \"Taste What You're Missing. \"And let's get right into this then, and talk about what is wrong with the way that most people taste food. What you're saying, we're not taking advantage of just eating a plain old meat-and-potatoes hamburger or something like that."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"let's get right into this\" - In this context, this phrase means to start discussing the topic at hand immediately. The literal meaning of getting into something would be to physically enter into it.","questions":"What does the phrase \"let's get right into this\" mean in this context?","answer":"start"}
{"text":["I'm Farai Chideya, and this is News & Notes.","Singer Jennifer Hudson won an Academy Award for her role in \"DreamGirls. \"But in the last week, her family life has become the stuff of nightmares. Some people now say neighbors should have done more. Did Hudson's family try in vain to distance itself from the man who's now a person of interest in the case?Plus, a federal judge in Missouri blocked part of a new law designed to keep sex offenders away from kids on Halloween.","We'll take a look at these cases with Judge Lynn Toler. She's the start of TV's \"Divorce Court\" and the author of \"My Mother's Rules: A Practical Guide to Becoming an Emotional Genius. \"Hi, Judge Toler.","Hi, Farai. How are you?"],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : to distance away from something in this context means to ignore or to shy away from something that happened, usually bad","questions":"What was the reason for some people saying that neighbors should have done more in the case mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Distance"}
{"text":["Yes.","And even lesbians, people like Ellen, who are incredibly powerful in Hollywood, and in the entertainment industries across the board. Why is that not the case for - why can't there be the equivalence in the African-American world?","Yeah, you're absolutely correct, you know, and I state those claims before, you know, and - you know, like a Bill Ga - I mean David Geffen, Ellen, Rosie, George Michael, John - Elton John, Lance Bass, like a lot of these people, you know, unfortunately are white counterparts, and colleagues are able to come out of the closet.","Their community supports them, because as I expressed in my book, they have a nurturing environment, where for them, sex and sexuality has always been a dialog and a discussion within their community. They have communities where they exist, and they help support one each other - one another, especially (unintelligible) in Los Angeles, you have West Hollywood. In Atlanta, you know, you have the Midtown area. In D. C. , you have Dupont, San Francisco. New York, you have Chelsea."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Lesbians are powerful in Hollywood but African-Americans are not.","questions":"What community has a nurturing environment for sex and sexuality, according to the speaker?","answer":"Their"}
{"text":["And he loved to call it the prolate spheroid. But I guess it didn't catch on. But he was also - he was one of the scariest coaches because one of his lines in his pep talks was, it is better to have died as a small boy than to fumble the football.","Oh.","So, yeah, basically tough love without the love part.","And I understand Edgar Allen Poe has a role in developing modern football?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In turn (3), the speaker uses the phrase \"tough love without the love part\" to describe the coaching style of a certain coach. The literal meaning of \"tough love\" is a disciplinary strategy that involves both love and strictness. However, in this context, the speaker implies that the coach is only using the strictness part of \"tough love\" without the caring and supportive part.","questions":"Which phrase does the speaker use in turn 2 to describe the coaching style?","answer":"love-part"}
{"text":["I think both can be true. I think - look. It's outrageous that there's an invoice. But it's not new. The invoice was not given lately. It was given to Special Representative Yun when he went to North Korea to collect Otto Warmbier. And at that point, when you're giving that invoice, you sign, and you leave. So it's not new. That's one. Second, it's not unique, either. When. . .","It's not unique to negotiations with North Korea or. . .","Correct - North Korea specifically.","North Korea specifically has a habit of this."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Although it's not new, it's still outrageous that there's an invoice for collecting Otto Warmbier.","questions":"How was the invoice given for collecting Otto Warmbier?","answer":"Given"}
{"text":["Yeah.","Suffering from schizophrenic paranoia. And the other one says that he was a narcissist, and that it was possible to put him in jail, and not in a hospital.","And as he's been presented in the courtroom, how did he hold up under cross-examination?One thing to read out your own statement on your own behalf, another to face a prosecutor.","He's been - like I said, he's been very self-confident. He's given - his answers are very stable. He speaks very well for himself. And except the fact that his ideology is, to say it weakly, it's very special and it's very extreme. As he says himself, he's a violent extremist. He's a militant, violent extremist, and that's what he wants to be, and he doesn't really try to get away from that fact."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The literal meaning of this turn is that someone is suffering from schizophrenic paranoia and another person believes they should be put in jail instead of a hospital. However, the implied meaning is that the speaker is discussing the mental state of someone else and their legal situation, which may be relevant to the conversation but is not explicitly stated.","questions":"Which turn implies a discussion of someone's mental state and legal situation that may be relevant to the conversation but is not explicitly stated?","answer":"Turn1"}
{"text":["And you know, we still have, you know, we have horse farms. We have a couple of dairy farms left. In fact there's one dairy farm, the Ferris Acres Creamery, which people come from miles around it to have their ice cream. It's - they make it there. And you know, and we have hunters. And we have a couple of game, you know, hunting preserves around town. We still are in touch with that part of our tradition.","And does everybody's kids - do everybody's kids go to that particular elementary school?","No. We have, I believe, four elementary schools that feed into an intermediate school. So we have the Sandy Hook Elementary School. We have Hawley School, Middle Gate School, and the Head O'Meadow School. And my children went to the Head O'Meadow School, where I actually was in the graduating class when it first - when we first built that building in 1977. I still remember, I think, we buried some \"Star Wars\" paraphernalia in the front yard.","A time capsule."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The town still has a strong connection to its agricultural and hunting heritage.","questions":"What is one of the dairy farms left in the town?","answer":"Ferris"}
{"text":["There is a level of acceptance for some. So one young woman I met joined the all-women's force after being brutalized by her husband, who was part of ISIS. On the other hand, the women who were foreigners and even the real hardcore last holdouts in the fight against ISIS who are in this town of Baghuz, which had basically an apocalyptic end. They ran out of food. They ran out of water.","And what you see now from the women who were part of that is that all of the crimes of ISIS - you know, enslaving girls, raping women, beheading people on the streets, the hangings - that was not enough really to make them lose confidence in the head of ISIS. But the fact that children whose families belong to ISIS starved to death while leaders had food, that is what's making people very disappointed, very disillusioned, especially the women I've talked to.","Are there people who still support the caliphate despite all that they went through?","Absolutely there are. And in fact, one woman from Egypt I met has four daughters. She was talking about how all they want is to go home, to go back to Egypt, to go back to the parks, to go see relatives. And she said to me, you know, I don't believe in Baghdadi. But I still believe in the caliphate."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The crimes committed by ISIS, such as enslaving girls, raping women, and beheading people, did not make the women lose confidence in the head of ISIS, but the fact that children whose families belong to ISIS starved to death while leaders had food did.","questions":"How did the women feel about the head of ISIS despite their crimes?","answer":"Confident"}
{"text":["Oh, sure. He had extremely high standards for himself, and for his wife and. . .","I guess what I mean is, did you ever look at him across the table and say, don't treat me like Hamid Karzai.","You know what?(Laughter) Richard was - extremely calming influence on me. I've got a pretty quick, Hungarian temper, and he just had such a way of deflating my emotional outbursts. He was actually one of the calmest in-crisis people that I've ever known. And you know, I describe, in the book, being with him when he was negotiating the end of the war in Bosnia, and principally in Dayton.","He put you between - is it Begovich and Milosevic, at dinner.","Yes, and gave me a very easy assignment. He said, make them talk to each other. And of course, you know, a few days before, these two warlords had been trying to gouge out each other's eyes. So that was a challenge."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The turn (2) \"did you ever look at him across the table and say, don't treat me like Hamid Karzai\" is an example of figurative language, as it uses a metaphor to convey a meaning that is different from the literal interpretation. Hamid Karzai is a former President of Afghanistan and the metaphorical use here is to suggest that the speaker felt like they were being treated unfairly or without respect by the person being referred to.","questions":"Which former President is metaphorically referred to in the turn (1)?","answer":"Hamid-Karzai"}
{"text":["This is WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. I'm Scott Simon. Secretary of State John Kerry has joined world diplomats in Geneva today in hopes of reaching an initial agreement to freeze Iran's nuclear program. His arrival suggests a deal may be within reach this weekend, but it's still not there yet. NPR's Peter Kenyon is in Geneva and joins us now. Peter, thanks so much for being with us.","Hi, Scott.","So, how do we read the tea leaves on this?The talks were supposed to finish yesterday, but now the secretary of state has flown all the way across the Atlantic to join them.","Well, it should be a positive sign, although the very latest comments from British Foreign Secretary William Hague are along the lines, well, the gaps are narrow but they're important and not easy to resolve. So, I think your point that we're not there yet is still very much in play. But I think there's also a high-level presence, which means there's a growing sense of urgency about wrapping up these talks. I mean, this is supposed to be the easy part - a six-month deal that's entirely reversible in just about every respect if something doesn't go right. So, hammering out a lasting comprehensive deal is going to be much harder than this. And if this one takes too long to negotiate, there's a fear the whole diplomatic enterprise could just collapse under pressure. We've already heard from both parties in Congress that more sanctions may come up next month if these talks fail. So, I'd say there is a feeling of some kind of a deadline. Maybe not this weekend but soon."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In turn (3), the phrase \"read the tea leaves\" is an idiomatic expression meaning to interpret or analyze a situation for signs or indications of what might happen. It implies trying to understand the current state of affairs or predict the outcome of the situation.","questions":"What does the phrase \"read the tea leaves\" mean?","answer":"Analyze"}
{"text":["So I'm going to plunge straight into another topic. That's gas prices. They rose more than six cents in one day following news of the damage to the Gulf Coast. There is a lot of oil industry there. Tropical Storm Ike also damaged that area.","Now, there is a question of whether or not folks are getting unfairly gouged. One gas station is said to have charged five dollars for a gallon of regular, and there are some other places in the damaged areas that don't even have gas. So is this price gouging?And I'm not just talking about the people in the effected areas, but people across the country.","There is some price gouging, I think, when you get to five dollars. On the other hand, when you're talking about what's happening with production, the fact is that there are almost immediate shortages. Gas stations have the gas that they have under their stations to pump, that's all they have. They have to get deliveries of other gas and it's more scarce, it costs them more.","So if someone decides, in anticipation of price rises, to raise the price on the gas under their station, that's not fair but it's somewhat reasonable. But when they take it from a few cents to five dollars, if it was being posted as $3. 65, which was the national average, and then you get up to five dollars, that does seem to be a bit much."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Gas stations may be charging unfair prices due to the damage caused by the storm.","questions":"How much did one gas station charge for a gallon of regular gas?","answer":"five"}
{"text":["Well, I guess you could say almost anything is possible. But I can tell you that I think the program has shown almost no effectiveness. I think at their height, they did four arrests one year. That was costing over $200 million per arrest. CNN had a story that said sleep-deprived, medicated, suicidal and armed federal air marshals in disarray. Years ago, another - a former member of Congress told me one time, he said we did everything we really needed to do when we locked the cockpit doors. That very inexpensive thing has probably done more for air security than anything else.","I mean, it's tempting, and certainly we do it in the news business, to look at a figure like $9 billion and say, you know, figure out what that cost per arrest and everything. But I wonder, isn't it in a sense worth, I don't know, a billion dollars a year to the American people to have that deterrent aboard?Because as people in the program have pointed out, if something happens, there's no one else to call upon for help in an airliner.","Well, you could justify almost anything on that basis. But I will tell you that on any cost-benefit analysis, this program does not hold muster. I can tell you also that while a billion dollars might not seem like much money in the whole federal government. . .","Oh, no, it's a lot of money. Don't get me wrong. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : While it is possible that some people may interpret this turn as simply stating a lack of effectiveness, the phrase \"hold muster\" suggests a stronger implication that the program falls short of certain standards or requirements.","questions":"Which phrase in Turn 2 implies that the program falls short of certain standards or requirements?","answer":"Hold-muster"}
{"text":["The weather forecast is planning for 600 millimeters of rainfall in the coming days, which is twice as much as the quantity of rain we have seen in Beira after the first cyclone, which is really concerning because in Beira, the situation was very bad. So if the weather forecast turns out to be correct, the health and sanitation situation here will worsen, and it will be harder to access areas with food as well.","The recovery effort after Cyclone Idai was already facing a funding shortfall. Do you think relief organizations will have the resources they need to respond to another disaster?","We definitely need more support from the international community. We are expecting that our financial need will raise very quickly as we see that the situation is worsening now in the north of the country. But we are able to respond nonetheless because we already had means on the ground. We had a team that was quickly able to deploy. And we have two helicopters that just arrived today in Pemba. And we'll be able to fly as soon as tomorrow if the weather permits.","What do you think are going to be the biggest concerns in this region going forward?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : There will be significant concerns in the region moving forward.","questions":"How will the concerns in the region be?","answer":"significant"}
{"text":["My pleasure, Scott.","Tell us about Don McGahn, if we could. He was the campaign's lawyer, right?","He was. He built a career here in Washington representing a lot of politicians on campaign finance and ethics issues. One of his more prominent clients was Tom DeLay, the former House majority leader, a Texan better known as The Hammer.","The Hammer."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: Please provide us with information about Don McGahn, as he was the campaign's lawyer, correct?","questions":"How was Don McGahn's career built?","answer":"Politicians"}
{"text":["But they just talk. They don't really do anything, and they make appeals, and people are fed up with it, so people don't really pay much attention to the Arab League meetings anymore, even if they meet at the summit level. But it's a sign that the leaders are aware that their people are angry and concerned.","And the fact is that Hamas, like Hezbollah in Lebanon, is an Islamist group that is actively fighting back against Israel, and they're the only people who seem to do this, and popular opinion in the Arab world is very much with them. Not everybody is with them. Some people criticize them, but most people line up, support Hamas in terms of just fighting back against Israel, protecting Palestinians. So there is great tension within the Arab world itself over the situation.","The Arab League is meeting today in Cairo. Do you think it will be as you say, all talk?Or will any action come out of that meeting?","Well, there probably will be some symbolic action. They'll probably send a delegation to the UN Security Council. They'll do something like that. They will ask for possibly a meeting of the Arab summit at the head of state level. But again, it will be more talk, more talk than action, more rhetoric. The facts on the ground won't change very much because of what the Arab leaders are doing, unfortunately.","There is a bit of a perception that Iran's influence is growing in that region. How do you think Arab leaders are responding to that?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The Arab League meetings will not lead to significant action.","questions":"How will the Arab League meetings likely affect the situation?","answer":"Talk"}
{"text":["Work on voter registration, voter mobilization, education, coalition building, work together to help end the war in Iraq and Afghanistan. Reinvest in America. Convince young America that they really do have the power to change the course of the country. We must have a renewed and multiracial and multicultural coalition. These are the things that I've revolved my work around, and I intend to be pushing them real hard this summer and fall.","And do you think you'd go out on the stump with him if he wanted you to, or does he want you to?","Whatever proximity he wants. You know, he must make that decision, you know, as to who, you know, that campaign, you know, you have consultants, you have advisors, you have surrogates, you have supporters. I'm a strong supporter and have been so since before he announced, and I will continue supporting because I believe he represents the right side of history for all of America and really for the world.","Well, Reverend Jackson, thank you so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A is advocating for social and political change.","questions":"How is PersonA working towards change?","answer":"Advocacy"}
{"text":["Sure.","We are always so grateful when you come on this show. I got to tell you - we got a lot of noes from Republicans who didn't want to come on this show and talk about gun policy, except, you know, maybe they'll go on Fox News. If the Republicans are proud of their record on guns, why not be interviewed about it?","Well, I can't speak for all of my colleagues on this. I mean, we obviously have a very serious violence problem in the country and particularly a firearm violence issue. And that - you know, we must address it. That said, we also have to respect the rights of people who own. . .","OK."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) Implies that Republicans are avoiding talking about gun policy and are only willing to talk about it on Fox News, suggesting that they are being disingenuous in their approach.","questions":"Which news channel is mentioned as the only place where Republicans are willing to talk about gun policy?","answer":"gun"}
{"text":["Yeah, but - of course it comes into play. That's what the IG is supposed to do. And under this statute, the acting director of national intelligence has an absolute duty not to exercise discretion, but simply to pass this information on to the intelligence committees. And he's not doing it.","So if - under the statute, there's a clear violation. What the Justice Department is presumably saying when they tell him not to do it could be one of - one or both of two things. One is, this is privileged information. I - when we don't - can't evaluate that without knowing what it is. And the other is, well, the IG is just way out of his remit. He's beyond - he's acting beyond his powers. And they'd get. . .","So how would you advise Congress to act next?","Oh, with Congress - if it wants to do that, there's a couple of options. You can try to litigate this, which I think will - the courts will not want to get involved in it - whether Congress can impeach the acting director. The president's not the only person subject to impeachment. Any federal officer can be impeached. What the Congress is saying is, we don't like the way this man's behaving. He's not doing what the statute says. And their remedy is quite limited, but the Constitution tell you - you don't - tells the Congress, you don't like it?Impeach the man."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It doesn't come  into play physically. The statue is used during this time.","questions":"How is the IG supposed to act according to the statute?","answer":"pass"}
{"text":["So tell us why. Why is it that some parts of the country are so twister prone?","Yeah. Well, the United States itself, we have this dubious honor of sitting right in the collision zone between really cold air masses coming down from Canada and moist, warm air that comes up from the Gulf of Mexico. And so the well-known Tornado Alley is a convergence zone, couple that with the position of jet stream and other factors that we as meteorologists look for, a dry, mid-layer or wind sheer, and you have the perfect ingredients for tornadoes.","Most tornadoes affect the United States east of the Rocky Mountains. And in fact, there is another alley we call Dixie Alley because if you look at a map of climatological occurrence of tornadoes, there are areas in the South as well that seemed to get quite a few tornadoes. But certainly this region, as you were leading into the story, was an area that we would've expected tornadoes for May 20th based on climatology.","Well, let's talk about the forecasting because one of the amazing parts of sort of science of this story was that hours before, the National Weather Service locally issued a warning that there might be a tornado. And it was pretty spot-on, it sounded like."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Tornado Alley is the area of the country that has the most tornadoes.","questions":"Which area of the country has the most tornadoes?","answer":"Tornado"}
{"text":["Right. So X, for example, it's been estimated that costs of apparel and clothing for a family of four could go up by $500 if we put 25 percent tariffs on all remaining Chinese imports as has been threatened. If we not only raise the tariffs on this $200 billion to 25 percent but then go for the remaining 325 billion that haven't had tariffs on them yet, that hits everything - all food, all apparel. And it also hits things like technology and hardware.","We're talking about real money for American consumers. Negotiations do continue today. What do you expect to happen in them?","Well, I still think it's likely that we will get something that is called a deal by the end of June. I think it is more likely than not because President Trump, for political reasons, would also like to get a good deal. The stock market is going to have a strong response today against this. It's going to go down. He won't like that. And we're entering the political season in which he wants stability.","So I think a deal is more likely than not. But it will only be a brief hiatus in this long-term, contentious U. S. -China relationship."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"But it will only be a brief hiatus in this long-term, contentious U.S.-China relationship\" has a figurative meaning that is different from its literal meaning. The literal meaning of the turn is that a deal between the US and China would only be a temporary break in their long-term, contentious relationship. However, the figurative meaning is that even if a deal is reached, the underlying tensions and issues between the two countries will remain and could resurface in the future.","questions":"How would you describe the underlying tensions between the US and China even if a deal is reached?","answer":"Damage"}
{"text":["And then they also passed another thing that actually goes into effect immediately, which is the expansion of this committee that would be empowered to make inquiries into churches' handling of abuse as well as some other things. Those - that committee could then refer their inquiries and responses to the executive committee, which then could decide whether or not the - or the church is in what's called friendly cooperation with the broader conventions.","OK, so two fairly significant-sounding changes - and when you say they passed overwhelmingly, give me some sense of the numbers.","At least two-thirds of the people there.","What was the reaction like in the room as people understood that that's what was happening, that these changes were being voted through?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The committee will investigate churches' mishandling of abuse cases.","questions":"What will the committee investigate?","answer":"Abuse"}
{"text":["They sense a market opportunity?","Indeed, it's a huge market opportunity.","You're from Costa Rica, which has been named U. N.  champion of the earth.","Indeed."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Costa Rica is the best country in the world in terms of doing things that take care of the planet.","questions":"Which country is named U.N. champion of the earth?","answer":"Enthusiasm"}
{"text":["One last question, and I'll let you go. You know, this being sequestration day, are you concerned about budgets that you control in your committee, science budgets, that they might be slashed?","Of course - well, let's put this in perspective. We're talking about across-the-board cuts of about 2. 3 percent, and while it may mean more in certain areas, nevertheless, you know, it's regrettable, I wish we weren't having these kinds of cuts, they could have been avoided. I still think we need to cut spending, but we need to do in a smart way, not across-the-board way. And we could have set our priorities up if there had been a little bit more cooperation from the White House and from the Senate.","The House of Representatives has actually twice passed offsets to the sequestration. The Senate has not passed anything. And the administration hasn't come up with any specific alternatives to the sequestration; only the House has. So if they can't come up with a better idea, let's go with the House idea, and we could have avoided it.","All right, well, I'm certainly not one to debate the politics of this with you because as you know we'll get nowhere. But I want to thank you for taking time to be with us today and wish you good luck in deciding - because I think, you know, maybe the public really does believe this is a national priority about finding that asteroid with our name on it."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker thinks that the across-the-board cuts are regrettable, but they could have been avoided if there had been more cooperation from the White House and the Senate.","questions":"How does the speaker feel about the across-the-board cuts?","answer":"regrettable"}
{"text":["I suppose worth noting - the - these were young women at the time that they were employed working in factories. Not. . .","Teenagers, many of them. Yeah.","Teenagers - I mean, how young were some of them?","Well, the youngest - records show that the youngest were 11."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Turn (3) is an example of a statement whose meaning is different from its literal meaning. The speaker is not actually asking about the ages of the women, but rather expressing surprise or concern about how young some of them were.","questions":"How was the speaker expressing their surprise or concern in turn 2?","answer":"Surprise"}
{"text":["Anyway, let's talk about Oprah, her TV show, her magazine, popularity in general taking a hit?Do you think it's because she picked a candidate in this race?","I think, that's probably partially what it is. I mean, she does have a very mainstream audience of women, who - a lot of them supported Hillary Clinton, so I'm sure that has something to do with it. But I also take it just a sign of the time. I mean, she's been dominant for a very long time, and you know, there comes a time when that ends, or it certainly begins to fall off a little bit, and I sort of think it's a combination of both.","I don't think it's just her support of Obama, because if you think about it, she really has not really been out there supporting him since January. She did her thing and she pretty much stepped away from it. But I think that when you combine that with the fact that she's dominated for 20 years, and Ellen now is sort of the popular person with all the celebrity guests, I just think it's time to pass the mantle on some level.","Oprah can pass the mantle anytime and still be a billionaire."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Taking a hit means by having the popularity be less recognizable. ","questions":"How does PersonA explain the reason behind Oprah's declining popularity?","answer":"Combination"}
{"text":["So I think that the Barack Obama, of course, then has a political legitimacy that neither of those gentlemen had because he's a United States senator elected to represent a district and serve a quarter of people. And yet, he's a charismatic figure as well, creating a sense of movement among the millions who now acclaim him as the best thing that happened to American politics since Jack Kennedy.","So Barack Obama has claimed the unique space within the context of American political destiny and has joined the charismatic authority that attends black messianic figures who become leaders in black America, as well as the quest for political legitimacy that transcends black communities. Because he's not just representing black people; he's representing white people and Latino people, and Asian people. He's representing Americans. And so he's taking it to yet another level in pioneering an even different path than the one blazed by Martin Luther King Jr.  or Jessie Jackson and, to a certain degree, Al Sharpton.","Well, Michael Eric Dyson, thank you.","Thank you very kindly, Farai."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Thank you very kindly, Farai.\" - This turn has no implied meaning beyond its literal meaning of thanking Farai.","questions":"What is the name of the person being thanked in turn 3?","answer":"Farai"}
{"text":["We get the impression from the reporting of our colleague Adrian Florido in Puerto Rico that this was - the protests that drove out the governor, they were a protest against the governor but really against the whole political system. And the descriptions you've just given of the various positions would seem to back that up. Does anybody have credibility to take the job?","I think there are people that do have the credibility and that have the experience. But I - it's not clear to me that political leadership has heard the message that has been delivered loud and clearly by the thousands, in some cases hundreds of thousands of Puerto Ricans that took to the street to let, you know, their distaste and their indignation known.","What do you mean they haven't heard the message - meaning that the political leadership doesn't understand how angry people are?","I think that that could be the case, and it is demonstrated by the fact that there are reports of backroom dealing over who could be that next secretary of state that could take over the governor's position."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : drove out in this context means to scare someone away","questions":"What does the reporting of Adrian Florido in Puerto Rico suggest about the protests against the governor?","answer":"Protest"}
{"text":["You know, you're helping a lot of people, Mr.  Mayor.","Well, I hope I am. I don't see it, and that's what scares me most of all. We care about everybody. We have to reach out for all of them and try to be successful for them to help them be that support deal for them. It's not a positive day every day, but you have to make it into one.","The mayor of Fulton, Texas, Jimmy Kendrick - thanks so much for being with us, Mr.  Mayor. Good luck to you.","Well, I appreciate it. And just keep us in your prayers. It's always nice to have a prayer given for us."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  The mayor is thanking the interviewer for their support and asking them to keep them in their prayers, which goes beyond the literal meaning of his words.","questions":"How does the mayor express his gratitude towards the interviewer?","answer":"Prayers"}
{"text":["Adventure on the high seas is a concept that has captured our imagination - stepping onto a ship, waving goodbye to your friends, family, land and sailing off toward the horizon. But once a ship leaves its shore, it's also sailing beyond the reach of law and order. Piracy, murder, exploitation, sea slavery, gun running, intentional dumping - the criminal activity off shore is so extensive and so diverse that investigative reporter Ian Urbina continued reporting after his 2015 multipart series for The New York Times. All that reporting is contained now in his new book called \"The Outlaw Ocean. \"And he joins me now. Welcome.","Thanks for having me.","And we should remind people that we are deeply dependent on the ocean, both in and of itself, of course, and also as a means of how we get things and what we consume.","Yeah. Ninety percent of what we consume from iPhones to running shoes comes across the sea on cargo vessels, and 50% of the oxygen we breathe is produced by the oceans. And seafood is a massively expanding source of protein for much of the planet. The oceans are the temperature stabilizer for countering climate change's effect. So in all these ways, it's a pretty essential part of the planet."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : To consume from iPhones and running shoes meaning that people buy phones and shoes rather than eat them.","questions":"How do people consume iPhones and running shoes?","answer":"Buy"}
{"text":["Yeah,. It's really amazing, yeah. It turns out he was, you know, an avid, you know, layperson but had great interest in butterflies and how they evolve and so on. And he suggested that butterflies moved in certain ways from between Asia and Europe and so on. And just about a couple of years ago scientists discovered that, you know, what he suggested is actually correct.","And how did he come up with that idea?I mean, was it based on fact?","He was really following - yeah, yeah. He was following, you know, the butterflies and, you know, and where - what kinds of species you find where and so on. He was really very interested and very knowledgeable in butterflies.","Mm-hmm. OK.  Let's move on to another famous guy: Lord Kelvin. Tell us who Lord Kelvin was and what his big blunder was."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : He was a person that was not a scientist but had an interest in butterflies.","questions":"How would you describe the person mentioned in turn 0?","answer":"Layperson"}
{"text":["Not solely, no. And this is something that is commonly, I think, misunderstood. The cornerstone of the healing profession and the physician is the patient relationship. But psychiatry more than any other really has an imperative to maintain the primacy of the patient relationship, so medications were extraordinarily important; they were miraculous developments, but medications alone can't do it.","Yeah. Between fever cures and induced comas and drilling holes in the skull and lobotomies, psychiatry has done some painful things to people in the name of science over the years, hasn't it?","Well, that's the point. That's why it's the untold story. In order for us to genuinely make a case for why psychiatry is a medical discipline that deserves sort of equal footing and respect as other medical specialties, we needed to fess up in terms of what the past was. And so in order to do so, we needed to tell the unvarnished history of the field and then describe why things may not have been helpful and in some cases harmful then, but why that's different now. And nobody should avoid seeking treatment if they think they need it because of uncertainty or fear.","Dr.  Jeffrey Lieberman has written, with Ogi Ogas, a new book \"Shrinks: The Untold Story Of Psychiatry. \"Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The actual meaning of turn (2) is different from its literal meaning. While the literal meaning refers to the painful methods that psychiatry has used in the past to cure people, the implicated meaning is that psychiatry has a history of questionable and even harmful practices, which have affected people's trust in the field.","questions":"Which field had a history of questionable practices according to the implied meaning in turn 2?","answer":"Psychiatry"}
{"text":["(Singing) I want to go to a place Where every dream of mine comes true. And then I look at the stars And pick out one just for you.","You know, it strikes me that in some ways, this album is more like the singer-songwriters like Jill Scott than your previous work as a group. Who do you listen to?Obviously, you have your own sound, but who do you listen to?","Well, right now I actually haven't been listening to much music. But I have so many influences going back to like the late '70s and '80s. From different gospel artists and R&B, and later on I got into jazz. So it would be so tedious just to say, you know, who my influences are, and who I listen to.","But of the current artists, I love D'Angelo, Anthony Hamilton, I think Jill Scott's fantastic, Alicia Keys, John Legend. There's a lot of independent artists out there that are great too. Eric Robeson. So there's so many fantastic artists, and I would probably say that, like you said, I do kind of have my own sound there, which I'm proud of. I mean, I was able to develop over time in the studio with my husband. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Asking about musical influences, not comparing the album to other artists","questions":"What is the name of one of the independent artists mentioned by A?","answer":"Robeson."}
{"text":["Unidentified Children's Choir: (Singing) They don't teach us the ABCs We play on the hard concrete All we got is life on the streets All we got is life on the streets","(Singing) Rock, you know my era B-boy seasoning, salt-n-pepa Grown and sexy, come with the extra Crushed up linen, fly like Cessna\u2026","Mr.  K'NAAN: I have so many different influences and inspirations and I feel like there's never a reason to disguise those influences. I think \"ABC's\" is just like a classic K'naan song in the sense that it gives you the conflict of, should I dance or should I think, you know.","Does suffering make for more realistic rap lyrics and provide more credibility the more you suffer?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : All they have is the way of life that takes place outside of buildings.","questions":"What do the children have to play on?","answer":"Treasury"}
{"text":["Do you ever feel that way, you're just so tired of singing, but you know you have to because that song is so closely associated with who you are?","Well \"Band of Gold\" would be it, but by the time I get to the end of the show, and I'm coming back for that last encore\u2026","(Singing) Now that you're gone, all that's left is a band of gold\u2026","A lot of times, I will do \"Band of Gold,\" and as a matter of fact, I - and I find that it's a good thing because I see people in the audience just light up, like (unintelligible)\u2026"],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The actual meaning of (3) is, A is expressing a feeling of sadness and nostalgia over the loss of a loved one.","questions":"How does PersonA feel while singing \"Band of Gold\"?","answer":"Tired"}
{"text":["Thanks. Glad to be with you.","So what we've been hearing a lot about is basically just a failure of these negotiations to move forward. Before we get to the nuts and bolts of it, from an economic level, how are people in Detroit dealing with what appears to be a reluctance on the part of the federal government to really enter into a bailout?","Well, I think there are really two key emotions that are at play in Detroit right now. One is fear. People are very scared because the auto industry is so important to metro Detroit, thousands and thousands and thousands of jobs. If one or more of the automakers were to go under, the ripple effect here would be catastrophic because the plant is affected and then the suppliers are affected and the restaurants are affected and the shopping malls are affected. So there'd be such a horrible cascading effect.","So fear is number one, and I think number two is anger. People see how roughly the automakers were treated, and people feel that they were being treated as autoworkers, roughly as well, when at the same time you see, you know, on a Sunday night Citibank gets $20 billion without a second thought. So people here are very angry about the different treatments Wall Street and the automakers have received."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The treatment of the automakers in comparison to Wall Street has caused anger and frustration among people in Detroit.","questions":"What emotions are at play in Detroit regarding the treatment of automakers in comparison to Wall Street?","answer":"Anger,Frustration"}
{"text":["Yeah. It's interesting. In Japan, it's the same prime minister that was in place six years ago, but the political environment, I think, has shifted in some dramatic ways. And so I think one of the interesting aspects of the Japanese situation is that the LDP has returned to power. The Liberal Democratic Party has returned to power. But now they have a party that is to the right of them.","And so we talk about those two states. And, of course, the other major player, the biggest in the region, China, where Xi Jinping took command just last month, formally.","That's right. I think we're still waiting to see how China's foreign policy priorities are really going to develop under Xi. The process seems to be moving slowly, and it's not necessarily terribly transparent at this point. We know there are new top leaders in the room, but it's just not clear exactly how they're making decisions or whether they're going to change much in terms of China's overall priorities.","And transparency's a problem in Beijing. It's positively - well, murky is too easy a word for what's going on in Pyongyang."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The situation in Pyongyang is extremely unclear and difficult to understand","questions":"Which city's situation is described as murky in the conversation?","answer":"Pyongyang"}
{"text":["You know, it hurts them both because many of the voters just don't understand how this can be happening. They know the president wants it. They know the Senate majority wants it or says it wants it. But the Senate just can't muster even half its votes to do it, and they can't bring all the Republicans to bear on it. So something is not right. Either the mojo of the president isn't working or the mechanism of the Senate is not working, and to some degree, both are true.","Is there any reason why Democrats now might want to sign on to any kind of bipartisan health care effort when their own plan has been saved?","Yes, absolutely. The Democrats need to go forward with some kind of bipartisan solution because there are many real problems with the execution and the administration of Obamacare. Now, Patty Murray, the senator from Washington state, has been working with Tennessee's Lamar Alexander in the Senate. And he's a Republican. He's the chairman of one of the committees that's relevant here.","And, of course, a lot of the Democrats are aware of these shortfalls. And there are counties with only one insurance company and counties where it's not clear there are going to be any insurance companies. And some of that's been overblown, but there are real problems. And, of course, any bill, any large program, any law needs to be revisited and amended, and the parties need to get together to do that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) Implied meaning: Is there any incentive for Democrats to cooperate with Republicans on health care reform now that they have been successful in preserving the original?","questions":"What senator has been working with Patty Murray on a bipartisan solution for the problems with Obamacare?","answer":"Patty"}
{"text":["It doesn't want to concede to American pressure because it fears that if it concedes under pressure, that's going to project weakness and invite even more pressure. And so for that reason, you've seen, rather than Iran capitulating or compromising, they've begun escalating. But I think the endgame for both sides is - there's really no alternative to coming back to the negotiating table.","And there has been a string of headlines from the region involving Iran in recent weeks. This incident with the British tanker, of course, comes right after the U. S.  says it brought down an Iranian drone. Of course, Iran disputes that version of events. How connected are these events?","They're all interconnected. And essentially, the Trump administration's policy toward Iran has been to subject Iran to significant economic pressure and sanctions in the hopes that either Iran will come to the negotiating table and capitulate over its nuclear program or - I think there's some folks in the Trump administration, like national security adviser John Bolton, who would like to see the implosion of the Iranian regime.","And what Iran has done in response - Iran's supreme leader has been ruling for 30 years, and he's become pretty adept at these escalatory cycles. And he's adept at waving both the white flag of diplomacy and the black flag of radicalism and escalation. So on one hand, he sent his chief diplomat - Iranian Foreign Minister Javad Zarif - he was recently in New York City, and he met with a lot of Western journalists. And he was talking about Iran wanting to pursue dialogue and diplomacy."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The person thinks that the situation will come to an end with both sides negotiating with one another. There is no game or table.","questions":"How does the person describe the endgame between both sides?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["So who is the ultimate decision-maker here?And what is that person likely to be guided by, if you have any sense of that?For example, is there any precedent that either side could point to that might give us a sense of how this might proceed?","Well, there'll be several levels inside the U. K.  judicial system. There'll be a hearing before a judge in the U. K.  and then probably through an appellate level in the U. K.  And then, if history is any indication, if Mr.  Assange loses, he could then keep appealing all the way up to the European Court of Human Rights saying that his human rights have been violated. Historically, the British have extradited numerous individuals to the U. S. Although many of them and their defense counsel have argued that they would face unfair or improper trials in the U. S. , most of those have been extradited.","But in a few cases in the past, there have been individuals whose extradition from the U. K.  to the U. S.  have been denied. In this case, this will really be, I think, a battle royal because Assange and his lawyers will argue very forcefully that I'm sure particularly the Trump administration is coming after him for political reasons.","So, as you mentioned earlier, Assange has only been charged with one count of conspiracy. If he's extradited to the U. S. , could he face other charges here?And is that something that his lawyers might raise?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Assange could potentially appeal his extradition all the way to the European Court of Human Rights based on historical precedent.","questions":"How far could Assange potentially appeal his extradition based on historical precedent?","answer":"European"}
{"text":["I really feel disappointed that a member of the House took the time to attack the people that are contributing to the campaign of President Trump, an attack that we are fueling or helping to fuel hate among Hispanics. In my office, half my personnel is Hispanic. I love Hispanic people. They're family-oriented. My wife - all of us got scared. I said people are going to come to attack us.","But you do know that this is public information.","Yes. But we are not contributing to fuel any hate. We are contributing because we want President Trump to be reelected. I like the job he's doing as president. I love the way he loves America, the same way that I love America. I named my company Great America Companies in 1972 when I first immigrated to America because I felt this was a great place.","President Trump has used the words invasion and killer, according to new statistics, over 500 times when speaking about immigration and immigrants since 2017. That is as president. People see his rhetoric as divisive and specifically when speaking about Latino immigrants. Does that not concern you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They are contributing to and\/or worsening hate among Hispanics because they are contributing to Trump's campaign, allowing him to continue doing so. Trump wouldn't be able to continue his devisive rhetoric if people didn't contribute to his campaign, so they are being blamed and attacked because of them.","questions":"What are the consequences of contributing to Trump's campaign according to turn 0?","answer":"consequences"}
{"text":["Depending on how they go about it, how big of a deal could this announcement by Zara be, and what kind of an impact could it have?","Well, I think the really interesting thing about Zara's statement is they've made a public statement to back their intention, and they will be held accountable for whether they achieve that target or not over time. So the fact that they made this very public target I think is really positive. And I think hopefully what that will do is also encourage other brands and retailers to be bold and to make these statements as well.","What individual responsibility do consumers have here?","Personally, I think every consumer has some responsibility for their actions. The consumers are buying products, they are making decisions about where they're buying those products from, how long they keep those products for and what they do with those products at end of life. So I think there is definitely some responsibility that the consumers have in all of this. But I also recognize as - there is this deep-seated sort of psychological driver within our human psyche to engage in fashion."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Engage in fashion\" means to buy clothing that is about fashion rather than pure functionality.","questions":"Which term describes the reason for consumers engaging in fashion?","answer":"Style"}
{"text":["Was the jet stream actually screening out the cold air?Do I have that right?","Pretty much. The jet stream is typically the dividing line between the warm tropical air to the south and the cold, Arctic air to the north. And for the most part, it had retreated to close to the Canadian border for large parts of the winter.","Hmm. What about the \"Farmers' Almanac\"?I have to admit that I like picking it up and looking at it, and I sort of - I'm hesitant to even ask. Is there any science backing it up?","Well, I think the \"Farmers' Almanac,\" they do look at some of the same things that NOAA look at, that AccuWeather looks at, as well as the Capital Weather Gang, when developing their outlooks. At the same time, they're using some more suspect features like sun spots and planetary alignments and things like that, which have never been proven to have any real predictive skill in terms of forecasting the weather in the long range."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The jet stream separates warm and cold air","questions":"What is the function of the jet stream?","answer":"Separating"}
{"text":["And so if we organize the production and the processing and distribution of organic foods on a large scale, there's efficiencies to be had. This is actually kind of an experiment, a test. You know, how much of the extra costs that you pay when you buy organic food - how much of that is just the fragmented nature of the business?How much of it is the small-scale aspect?And how much of it is inherent in organic production?","Well, there's no question that Walmart is kind of the king of logistics. But if you talk to some of their suppliers, they'll also complain that Walmart is the king of squeezing them and making them produce the product ever more cheaply at their own expense.","Right. So you could say this is a threat to some organic producers who are used to higher margins. On the other hand, I mean, the organic production is expanding, and if Walmart wants large quantities, they may have to outbid other producers. There is a limit right now on the amount of organic food for sale. They say they want to expand that, and there's no reason why they couldn't. There's lots of land out there. Right now, organic is actually a very small part of American food production, people say 5 percent or less. So there's no reason why Walmart couldn't expand organic production if they offered a good price. The question is can they do it cheaply?","Part of this has to do with trust. Are people going to stop going to Whole Foods and go over to Walmart 'cause they can get the eggs $2 cheaper?I'm a little skeptical."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker's tone or body language suggests that they may be withholding information or not fully expressing their thoughts and feelings on the topic at hand.","questions":"What is the PersonA's tone in turn 3?","answer":"Withholding"}
{"text":["And let's begin with mumps. Officials in Ohio say it's the largest outbreak since the forties. How can that happen?","Mumps vaccine, although a very good vaccine, is not a perfect vaccine. And it's about 80 percent - 85 percent effective if mumps is reintroduced into a population. And so what we're seeing here is largely people who have been vaccinated, but now that mumps has been imported into the United States - into that population - it's spreading slowly in that group and it's difficult to contain.","What about the decision that some American parents have made not to vaccinate their children?Do you think that contributes?","Not so much to the mumps outbreak, but it does contribute to the measles problem that we're having. The measles outbreaks are clearly occurring in populations whose parents have withheld their children from immunization. They remain susceptible."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  In (3), the implied meaning is that some parents have chosen not to vaccinate their children, which may be contributing to the measles problem. ","questions":"Which vaccination-related problem is not largely contributing to the mumps outbreak, but contributes to the measles problem?","answer":"Measles."}
{"text":["Rod Blagojevich appealed for his sentence to be reduced last year. A judge refused, saying his long sentence is deserved, but Blagojevich's lawyer attached letters from a hundred other prisoners who spoke of his kindness and spirit. He was at the top level, wrote a man who identified himself as a convicted drug dealer, and now he is in prison with so many true felons and he accepts that as fate with his head held high, no ego, no arrogance and, most importantly, with humble humility.","A portrait of Rod Blagojevich in ornate, official hallways could remind governors who follow why citizens can be cynical about politicians. It might remind politicians not to think that getting elected endows them with honesty, wisdom or character. And, yes, it might give a disgraced politician a little recognition for finding a way to make his life useful to others.","(Singing) The warden threw a party in the county jail. The prison band was there, and they began to wail. The band was jumpin' and the joint began to swing.","The King. You're listening to NPR News."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (Singing) The warden threw a party in the county jail. The prison band was there, and they began to wail. The band was jumpin' and the joint began to swing.  Implicated meaning: The warden organizing a party in the county jail and having the prison band perform creates an atmosphere of excitement and enjoyment, turning the otherwise somber and restrictive environment of a jail into a lively and energetic place.","questions":"How did the warden create an energetic atmosphere in the county jail?","answer":"Enthusiasm"}
{"text":["Yes. I mean, the biggest actor in all of this has been the U. N. Refugee Agency. That's the UNHCR. But, you know, the reality is that these organizations can only do so much without international supports. The UNHCR has said that they need $46 million from the international community for their response to the Venezuelan crisis this year alone","Mr.  Ramsey, just a few years ago, Venezuela was booming, wasn't it?","It was. You know, Venezuela has the largest oil reserves in the world. But due to a combination of falling oil prices, governmental mismanagement, you know, the situation has gotten extremely bad. There was a study that came out a couple months ago that found that over half of Venezuelans report losing weight in the last year with an average loss of 20 pounds. People are dying of treatable diseases because of a lack of medication.","Do any of the refugees talk about the political situation?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Venezuela's situation is dire due to falling oil prices and governmental mismanagement.","questions":"How did the situation in Venezuela become so dire?","answer":"Combination"}
{"text":["We reached out to everyone. And basically, they said, as so many doctors are want to say, we don't think about price when we prescribe. We just want to give, you know. . .","The best thing that's out there.","The best. But I'd have to say in this case there's not even proof that this is the best. In the studies that got this drug approved, this drug was only effective in curing toenail fungus from 6 to about 9 percent of the time after 11 months of treatment. So it's not even a very effective drug.","From your reporting on this, though, why do doctors do this?They say it's not about cost, but is there an ulterior motive - something that makes certain doctors push certain medicines?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Doctors may push certain medications for reasons other than effectiveness","questions":"What is the motive of some doctors to push certain medications?","answer":"Cost"}
{"text":["So, you're skeptical about a car czar. You think that there should be loans, though, with strict provisions attached to them.","Right, right.","What else?What else needs to be done?I mean, this is a massive, massive problem, and two of the three are facing extinction at this point.","Don't forget, what's putting them in this condition is the economic, you know, the economic condition of the nation right now. But the kind of fixed-cost structure that these auto companies have is massive, massive losses that have to do with what's happening to demand."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The auto companies need to restructure their fixed costs due to the current economic situation, resulting in significant losses.","questions":"What is causing significant losses for the auto companies?","answer":"Demand"}
{"text":["Well, yes, they are because the concern here is that if you do it for medical research, what's to stop other scientists to try to do it for other reasons, like, for example, to try to create designer babies that are taller or smarter or better athletes?Now, we're nowhere near being able to do anything like that. But the concern is that this could open the door to someday creating genetic haves and have-nots.","So, Rob, these CRISPR researchers are involved in projects that have tremendous promise to benefit our lives, but also raise very difficult ethical and moral questions.","That's right. That's right. And another example I could give you is I just got back from a trip to London. And there, scientists are using CRISPR to genetically modify mosquitoes that spread a mutant gene to wipe out the mosquitoes that spread the malaria parasite. And the idea there is to try to wipe out this disease that kills hundreds of thousands of people every year, most of them children.","Now, the fear here is that they're using CRISPR to modify these insects with something known as a gene drive. And a gene drive spreads a genetic modification through an entire species really quickly. So something could go wrong. You know, it could wipe out an entire species of mosquito. And that could upset the delicate balance of an ecosystem some way that could maybe unleash some new epidemic or cause the ecosystem to collapse and cause famine."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The potential consequences of genetic engineering could be extreme and far-reaching.","questions":"What kind of consequences could genetic engineering have?","answer":"consequences"}
{"text":["I never had an apartment before, so just finally having my own place. And it was magical. It was gorgeous - beautiful tub. I never could use the tub because I was afraid of the roaches.","So unfortunately there's always like pros and cons to that, but it was mine. And I loved it like it was my baby. And I still miss that apartment even though there is bug issues. I miss it.","Well, it made me wonder why there aren't more songs like that in R&B. I mean, R&B is very dominated by relationships - right?- sex, relationships songs. But it does - it did make me wonder, why aren't there more songs about other milestones in R&B?Like, why is that?","Well, first of all, I'm thankful that people love new apartments so much because I always feel like my comfort zone is writing about romance and sex. But I think there's this narrative that the world just wants to hear about simple things and - or just extreme, like, sadness. I've just been broken up with or something like that."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker has emotional attachment to the apartment despite its flaws.","questions":"How did the speaker feel about their apartment despite its issues?","answer":"Loved."}
{"text":["And in the end, what has speech enabled us to do as a species?","It's enabled us to think up strategies to head off what you think might be about to happen, and the strategies depend upon memory. And speech is a fantastic memory device. There's absolutely nothing like it, and I think it's time for people who are interested in evolution to say that the theory of evolution applies only - only to animals.","Tom Wolfe - his book - \"The Kingdom Of Speech. \"Thanks so much for being with us.","My pleasure, thank you very, very much for having me, Scott."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Speech has enabled us to communicate more effectively and creatively, enabling us to come up with solutions and strategies to deal with situations.","questions":"Which device is a fantastic memory device according to A?","answer":"Speech"}
{"text":["Now it's, I should say this is a demonstration, it's not, you know, there is an actual kill that takes place in the video, but it's not a real kill, it's a demo kill. But what the system that they are playing or working on actually is designed to do and will do when it is deployed is to hunt, and if necessary kill, real targets. It fires missiles, it drops bombs, you can hear the guy talking about the weapons that he has available on one of his drones.","And they didn't just make it feel like a video game, they figured out that there's a sort of a feedback loop that was a problem for the operators, they couldn't kind of sense what was happening. And they hired video gamers to redesign their system for them.","Yeah, they hired real game developers. Because, you know, when you compared what people in the military were using to operate drones to what the latest Xbox or PlayStation system looked like, I mean the screens on this wrap around you so you feel as though you were there. One of the executives Raytheon describes it as projecting your mind into a place where you want it.","You write about watching this demonstration video with your seven year old kind of standing behind you watching this screen, and he gets it right away and he kind of likes it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"they hired video gamers to redesign their system for them\" - The literal meaning is that video gamers were hired to redesign the system. The implied meaning is that the video gamers were able to improve the system's design by applying their expertise from playing video games.","questions":"Which experts were hired to improve the system's design?","answer":"Gamers"}
{"text":["Wow.",". . . all the different individual pieces, we've got tens of thousands of pieces, but basically, 1,800 or more than 1,800 different distinct meteorites. And we have some of the - there's all different kinds of meteorites. I know this is radio, but I actually did bring some samples in with me for the studio audience at least. So if anybody afterwards wants to come by and take a look at these. . .","You'll count them on the way out.","I will count them on the way out."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : You will count the number of samples you have after the presentation implying that the studio audience might steal some.","questions":"What will the speaker do after the presentation?","answer":"Count"}
{"text":["The latest U. S.  State Department Trafficking in Persons Report names a new country among the world's worst offenders on human trafficking - China. Secretary of State Rex Tillerson criticized China for not taking, quote, \"serious steps to end its own complicity in trafficking,\" including forced laborers from North Korea that are located in China. China now joins Russia, Iran, North Korea and Syria on the bottom of that list. Secretary Tillerson also honored activists from around the world for their efforts to end human trafficking.","Sister Vanaja Jasphine was one of those aid activists to be named a 2017 Trafficking in Persons Report Hero. Sister Jasphine is the coordinator of the Kumbo Diocesan Commission for Justice and Peace in the northwest region of Cameroon, and she joins us now. Sister, thank you so much for being with us.","Thank you.","How big a problem is human trafficking in Cameroon?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : China now joins Russia, Iran, North Korea and Syria on the bottom of that list.\"  The actual meaning that is different from its literal meaning is that China has been added to the list of countries considered the worst offenders on human trafficking. The phrase \"joins...on the bottom of that list\" implies that China is now included in the group of countries at the lowest rank or with the worst performance regarding human trafficking.","questions":"What is the name of the country that has been added to the list of worst offenders on human trafficking according to the U.S. State Department Trafficking in Persons Report?","answer":"China"}
{"text":["I have credit, but it was delayed. I've never had trouble getting credit here in Brazil. I've always paid my bills, and so credit's available for me. But this year, the credit promises were made, but then the credit wasn't going to arrive until it was too late to order the fertilizer and actually work out the logistics of receiving it. And so it's changed my plans a lot this year.","And timing is really essential for farmers. So, how is that going to play out there with your 2000 acres of soy?","The 2,000 acres I'm going to plant this year are technically for another farmer. I'm not going to farm anything in my own name this year. And that's common enough, really; I'm not alone in that. Total acreage of corn and soybeans could easily be down this year in Brazil. Most people expect there to be less corn, a lot less cotton, and also less of some of the food crops like rice and edible beans. So, it's caused everyone to plant less than they normally would.","Where do all of those crops grown in Brazil - corn, wheat, and soy - where do they get exported to?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A has had trouble getting credit in Brazil this year despite having a good credit history.","questions":"Which aspect of PersonA's credit history is mentioned in the statement?","answer":"Trouble"}
{"text":["There are plenty of great public colleges like UCLA. They used to be much cheaper than equally strong private colleges. But now the price of many public colleges is rising fast, and that leaves some high school students with little or no choice for higher education, including African-American students. So what options do you have if you want to get an education but don't want to run up years' worth of student loans?We'll ask economist and author Dr.  Julianne Malveaux; she is the president of Bennett College. Hi, Dr.  Malveaux.","Hi Farai, how are you?","I'm great. Across the country, though, public and state universities are reporting anywhere from a 5 to 8 percent tuition increase for the upcoming year. Why is that?","Costs are rising. If you are running a college, you are looking at energy costs, you are looking at the same costs that the rest of the nation is looking at. And so people are raising tuitions to go along with that. Some of us are not. Bennett College's tuition has been stable for the last three years. We are not raising tuition this year. But many colleges are looking at the costs and saying, we've got to meet it. In addition, frankly, there have been years where colleges have not raised costs, and now people are trying to catch up. In some state universities, people have not seen raises in two or three years, they have seen pay freezes, and so now we are trying to catch up. Lots of people are trying to catch up."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The reason behind the increase in tuition fees for public and state universities is not because of the lack of money but because of the rising costs.","questions":"Which factor is responsible for the increase in tuition fees at public and state universities?","answer":"Rising"}
{"text":["Yeah.","Well, Mayor Belangia, good luck. I hope I see Oriental someday. It sounds like a lovely place.","Please do. You will fall in love with it.","And I'll bring a loaf of bread for you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The actual meaning of (4) is that B is expressing appreciation for the invitation, and that he will bring something as a gift when he visits.","questions":"What is PersonB bringing for A?","answer":"Bread"}
{"text":["And those two factors - genetic variation and large populations - are perfect recipes for Darwinian evolution. So RNA viruses evolve very quickly. They adapt very quickly. If they pass from one species of host into another - for instance, from a bat, or a monkey or a rodent, into humans - they seem to have a better chance of flourishing, of adapting to the new host and finding ways to transmit onward. So the RNA viruses, the single-stranded RNA viruses, are particularly on the watch list for the disease scientists who study this field.","I'm Flora Lichtman, and this is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR, talking with David Quammen about his book \"Spillover. \"Are we reservoir hosts for viruses that have caused pandemics in other animals?","Well, certainly we've caused disease. It does go the other way. It can go either direction whenever there's fairly close contact. For instance, Jane Goodall's chimps in Gombe in Tanzania, in the late '60s, suffered what seems to have been a little epidemic of polio. A number of the Gombe chimps died.","And that polio virus is thought to be non-zoonotic. It's thought to be a virus that only affects humans, but it's capable of passing from humans into chimps. So it seems to have made those chimps sick and killed some of them."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : RNA viruses are a high risk for disease scientists.","questions":"How do disease scientists perceive RNPersonA viruses?","answer":"High"}
{"text":["Hey, Lulu.","For those of you who love esports, bear with us. But there is a segment, I'm sure, among our listeners who don't know what esports is. So tell us, what is it?","It's basically people that play video games competitively. It's more than just your son or daughter sitting in their basement playing video games. Last year, Madison Square Garden sold out two nights in a row. Tickets cost about $50 in order to watch a video gaming competition.","So let's talk about esports, the business of esports. It's been described as the next big thing. How big is the sport right now?How big do you think it could get?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) is different from its literal meaning. While the speaker asks the listeners to bear with them, they are not actually asking for the listeners to tolerate or endure anything difficult or unpleasant. Instead, the speaker is acknowledging that not all listeners may be familiar with esports and is asking for patience as they explain what it is.","questions":"What is the speaker asking for when they say \"bear with us\" in the dialogue?","answer":"Tolerate"}
{"text":["Oh. . .",". . . equivalent to a nuclear bomb?","Well, it's about - its equivalent - the energy in that explosion is about 10 times the energy in the first atomic bomb. . .","Uh-huh."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The energy released in the explosion is incredibly powerful.","questions":"How would you describe the power of the explosion?","answer":"Powerful"}
{"text":["Yes, there was a peace agreement. But the big part of the peace agreement was that there is no border between Ireland and Northern Island. And that was possible because both Great Britain and Ireland are within the EU.","Can Britain get what they call a soft exit, or are there too many hard feelings for that?","I think on the EU side, there is a lot of willingness to have the soft Brexit. There's not much willingness among the hard Brexiteers to have a soft Brexit because a soft Brexit means that you stay within the customs union. The customs union means that you export and import goods freely. But if you stay within the customs union, you keep the same standards and the same rule book.","This sounds like an awful mess."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The peace agreement has a condition where there is no border between Ireland and Northern Island.","questions":"What was the big part of the peace agreement?","answer":"borderless"}
{"text":["Yes. Britain put trade restrictions and taxes on tea being shipped to the colonies. And this led to everyone's favorite act of cultural appropriation and vandalism, the Boston Tea Party. But it also inspired a lesser-known tea party - the Edenton Tea Party in North Carolina. And what's remarkable about the Edenton Tea Party is that it was all women - possibly the first women-driven political protest in U. S.  history.","And I guess we can keep beating up on the British for just a moment here.","(Laughter) Why not?","The Brits were also behind the Opium Wars."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A humorous response indicating agreement with continuing to criticize the British.","questions":"Which act of cultural appropriation and vandalism does PersonA mention in the dialogue?","answer":"Boston"}
{"text":["Well, that would be an interesting question. Right now, we make a decision. We say we're going to harden particular targets to make them difficult for terrorists to attack. So yes, terrorists do act rationally and choose another target - they choose a less hardened target. The question is whether it could respond very rapidly to changing information.","Large terror attacks take a lot of work and a lot of planning. And if the market predicted a high probability of an attack in a particular place, it's not as though it's a trivial matter for a terror group to suddenly switch all of its resources to another place. I'm not suggesting this would work. It would be a tool that would be used alongside other tools. And I'm just suggesting an experiment to see if it can improve the accuracy of intelligence forecast.","And what do you say to those people who say - my God, this is hideous?It's blood money.","It is hideous in a sense. It is. There's no question. I share the revulsion of people who say - but people shouldn't profit from this. On the other hand, if allowing people to profit from this, from making these predictions, improved our ability to predict, then it might be something worth trying because of the lives it would save on the other side."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implicates that the speaker is willing to sacrifice certain moral values for the sake of saving lives.","questions":"What is the PersonA's motivation for suggesting the experiment?","answer":"Accuracy"}
{"text":["A whistleblower has told Congress that at least 25 people were granted security clearances by the Trump administration after career employees recommended denying those clearances. Those 25 include two current senior White House officials. The whistleblower's name is Tricia Newbold. She's an 18-year career employee who currently works at the Personnel Security Office. That's the office that recommends for or against granting security clearances to members of the administration. She gave these details in private testimony to the House Oversight Committee last month.","Joining me now is a member of that committee, Jamie Raskin, Democrat from Maryland. Welcome.","I'm delighted to be with you.","So Tricia Newbold flags three particular instances involving senior White House officials who are kept anonymous. Can you tell us a little more about these officials who were initially denied security clearances but those decisions were overruled?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Joining me now\" does not imply that Jamie Raskin physically joined the interviewer in the same location, but rather that he is participating in the conversation remotely or over a video call. This is an example of a figurative or idiomatic use of language where the intended meaning is different from the literal meaning of the words used.","questions":"What is the intended meaning of \"Joining me now\" in the dialogue?","answer":"Participation"}
{"text":["What do you think - if this decision is permanent, what do you think the U. S.  will miss by not being a member of UNESCO?","Oh, I think the U. S.  will miss a lot. It's a big loss for the United Nations family because we are part of this family. It is a big role for multilateralism. But I believe it is also a loss for the U. S.","Irina Bokova is director general of UNESCO. Thanks so much for joining us.","Thank you very much for inviting me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  The implied meaning of this turn is that the guest is expressing gratitude for being invited to the show","questions":"What is the guest's response to the invitation?","answer":"Gratitude"}
{"text":["(Laughter).","So. . .","So I take it you don't like it.","I think it's kind of a joke. I think it has nothing to do with Wall Street.","Well, bullish markets - that sort of thing - yeah?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is asking the other person to continue the conversation.","questions":"Which turn implies that the speaker does not agree with what is being talked about?","answer":"Turn3"}
{"text":["We've got two foreign vessels in Iranian custody. We've got one Iranian tanker in British custody and no sign of the tensions cooling off. So what happens next is the big question and a lot of the options are not that great. I mean, remember, this is all happening in the context of the Trump administration's maximum pressure campaign against Iran.","Trump has been saying the return of American sanctions on Iran and other pressures are all designed to force Iran back to the negotiating table to hammer out a tougher version of the 2015 nuclear agreement - that's the one Trump pulled the U. S.  out of. So far, Iran's unanimous response from the military to the supreme leader has been, nope, Iran doesn't negotiate under pressure. We're not going to do it. So we'll have to see if this continuation of commercial vessels being seized in the Persian Gulf adds more pressure for some kind of international response.","That's NPR's Peter Kenyon in Istanbul.","Thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The tensions do not cool as they are hot but they do lesson.","questions":"How do tensions between Iran and other countries lessen?","answer":"lessen"}
{"text":["They have. About 40-plus have gone, probably as we talk, a number of them have left.","He's not considered a good candidate to lead the party to victory in a general election, I gather.","No, no, he's not. The leadership's come to him very late in life. He's a poor communicator. And that makes it very difficult to win over votes. He excites a section of Britain young people who will turn out in their thousands for his rallies and his meet and. . .","They feel the Bern.","They feel the Bern. The comparisons, again, you can see parallels between what is happening in Britain with what is happening in America. And they're not false. They're not invented.","Kevin Maguire of the Daily Mirror who joined us on Skype, thanks very much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This statement of  A implies that the Aspirant is too old and does not have a good communication skill to be a leader.","questions":"Which trait of the aspirant is mentioned as a barrier to winning votes?","answer":"communication"}
{"text":["And tell us a bit about the ocean bed.","It's a bit rockier than the Rockies. It's that sort of terrain. The location they're looking at is at the foot of a huge mountain. That mountain rises about three and a half kilometers. That's about two miles up from the sea floor. So it's on a really quite steep terrain. We don't know whether the seabed there is muddy, silty - in which case things can sink into the seabed - or whether it's rocky. We've got better maps of the moon's surface for this area than we do of the seabed itself. So, you know, if someone said to you, this is on the moon, we could tell you what the terrain was like. We don't really know what it's like here. We don't have detailed maps.","I have a lot of respect for the Royal Australian Navy, but has anybody ever been able to pick up something this deep in the ocean before?","The technology is there, but it's rare. And there isn't - there aren't that many vehicles that can operate at these sorts of depths."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  A: \"The technology is there, but it's rare.\" This sentence has a non-literal meaning because the word \"rare\" does not refer to the technology being scarce, but rather to the fact that it is uncommon for vehicles to operate at the depths of the ocean where the object in question is located.","questions":"How is the word \"rare\" used in PersonA's statement?","answer":"Uncommon"}
{"text":["Times like this, when the economies of states are in default, can states really afford this?","I really don't think they can, and in many, many states, legislatures are starting to agree with that idea and to really rethink their priorities. I mean, every dollar that you spend building and running a prison is a dollar that's not spent on a public university or healthcare or roads and bridges. At this point, Kansas, Texas and at least 11 other states are taking a very serious look at how to try out some new strategies that will curb their prison population, shrink the number of people behind bars so they can save a little money, reduce some recidivism and have money for other budget priorities.","Well, back up and tell us how we got here, because in your article you say in 1970 our prisons held fewer than 200,000 people. What happened?","A number of things happened. But primarily, it's what's called our nation's war on drugs. And I say so-called war on drugs, because, you know, we like to use that metaphor all the time on everything. But essentially a new host of sentencing practices took hold in the early '70s and spread across the country. Mandatory minimum sentences, meaning that the amount of drugs involved in a particular crime would affect the severity of the punishment. So even if you're a low-level drug mule, for example, the amount of drugs you were carrying was going to ensure that you get a very large sentence, perhaps even more than a drug king pin if that person was caught without a lot of drugs."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The states are considering new strategies to reduce prison population and save money for other budget priorities.","questions":"What are Kansas and Texas doing to their prison population?","answer":"Reduce"}
{"text":["When you say that this law is intended to create a firewall around the state, do you think that this is where things are headed - where certain states will allow access to abortions and other states simply won't?","That's certainly my fear, and that was why this was so important to get passed before we adjourned. And, you know, ultimately, I've been working on this issue my entire adult life.","And I used to say, if Roe falls. And for the last year, I've been saying, when Roe falls. And it, frankly, still feels like a gut-punch every time I say it. But I think that there has been this very strategic and determined process by the other side to get cases into the pipeline that will ultimately lead to Roe falling.","Do you think that Democrats and people who support abortion rights have been outmaneuvered?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It is not a firewall but a law that protects the state from others.","questions":"How does the law that was passed aim to protect the state?","answer":"Protect"}
{"text":["How embarrassing. How. . .","I love how you mention the head rag because it's like. . .","Exactly.","In my family, it was like - it's a disgrace to the race when you leave the house with your head rag."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The head rag is associated with negative stereotypes.","questions":"How is the head rag viewed in some families?","answer":"Negative"}
{"text":["So this is all being done because the government's in debt?","Well, that was sort of the impetus for all of this. They have brought in a lot of revenue. And the government, anticipating that some people would say, hey, it can't be worth your time and effort to go after these small, old debts. The process of going after them's going to cost you more than you bring in. So they've done an analysis that actually shows that they are bringing in more money than it costs to go make the collections. So to that end, they say that they're saving the taxpayers money.","When I asked the Social Security folks who came up with this idea to go after these old debts, they said, well, go talk to Treasury. I went to Treasury. They said, well, go talk to Congress. I went to Congress. They said, oh, it had to be somebody back in Treasury or somewhere in the bureaucracy. So no one is willing to step up and take credit for this. And now that this story has appeared, there's kind of a circling the wagons and it's not - no one wants to be associated with this at this point.","Marc Fisher, who's senior editor at The Washington Post. Thanks so much for being with us.","Thanks, Scott."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The literal meaning of (3) is that no one is taking credit for the decision to go after old debts owed to the government. However, the implied meaning is that there is a lack of accountability and transparency within the government, as no one is willing to take responsibility for the decision.","questions":"How can the implied meaning of turn 2 be described?","answer":"Accountability"}
{"text":["I think it had to because of the workers and the communities where you had all of these plants. But because it became a 60-percent owner - the U. S.  government owns 60 percent of General Motors as a result of the bankruptcy - they could have straightened that company out, but they were completely hands-off with the post-bankruptcy management. In retrospect, they had to save General Motors. But they could've laid down tougher conditions.","What do you think about when you see some of the accounts in recent weeks about General Motors concealing what seems to have been a major problem which led to injury and death?","Eternal vigilance of the regulator is required. And the auto safety agency fell down on the job. It's just that simple. I think now we're going to get stronger legislation as a result of the GM debacle. A lot of good will come from it, unfortunately because of these fatalities.","Ralph Nader. His new book \"Unstoppable: The Emerging Left-Right Alliance To Dismantle The Corporate State. \"Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  implies that the speaker is expressing gratitude for the other person's time and attention.","questions":"Which speaker expressed gratitude at the end of the dialogue?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["There's a number of them that the federal prosecutors mentioned, things like excessive purchases with cash in some pharmacies, purchases from well out of the region of the pharmacies. And these are opioid purchases we're talking about - excessively high percentages of sales of fentanyl patches and opioid oxycodone painkillers from some pharmacies and some of the larger pharmacies that RDC dealt with. So those are some of the things that the feds highlighted.","Two RDC executives face charges. What are they accused of?","Basically sort of being players in this whole, you know, alleged kind of ignorance or willing ignorance, I should say, of RDC's role in the opioid epidemic, the things we talked about - you know, just sort of closing your eyes to pharmacies that were obviously pushing painkilling prescription meds onto the streets in big numbers. And the allegations are that the former CEO, Larry Doud, and former compliance officer were key in allowing this to happen internally and just ignored all the signs. One has pleaded guilty and is cooperating. And Doud is facing the criminal charges.","You've talked a lot about the pharmacies here. And so I'm wondering, what about them?And what about the doctors making the orders?Are they being held accountable?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"excessively high percentages of sales\" - This turn's actual meaning is different from its literal meaning because \"excessively high\" means a lot or too much, but it is not necessarily related to a specific number or percentage.","questions":"What is the turn's actual meaning?","answer":"Lot"}
{"text":["But you say there is a glimmer of hope in that if we do collectively work together, some of these problems can be fixed. What are some of the most important changes you would like to see in terms of public policy?","We have to stop the rollback of EPA policies. Under the Obama administration and earlier administrations, we were starting to make real progress. When the current administration took office, there were only four chlor-alkali plants left. The others had been closed. These spew a great deal of mercury into the atmosphere. They were slated to close. But the EPA under Trump decided not to close these plants. A few days ago, the EPA under Trump decided to stop surprise inspections, which is going to, of course, diminish their effectiveness. So we're rolling back the progress that we had made.","Then we have to re-evaluate the way we test chemicals. In the European Union, you have to test a chemical that's going to be used in or near humans for its effect on human health before you can market it. In this country, we market the chemicals and only began testing after complaints that people have been harmed. And one of the things corporations tend to say is that it's so expensive to do these tests. There are things more important than money. Right now, 23 million IQ points are lost every year in children from exposure to lead. And how do you put a price on that?","That's Harriet Washington, author of the new book \"A Terrible Thing To Waste: Environmental Racism And Its Assault On The American Mind. \""],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : a glimmer of hope means that there is a small amount of hope left","questions":"Which element of the EPPersonA policy rollback does PersonA specifically mention in their response?","answer":"Testing"}
{"text":["So about a year ago, they were ousted by the Ethiopian invasion. And since then, there has been a gorilla war that's been going on that has left most of Somalia in constant turmoil.","Is it a forgotten crisis?","I'd say yes, for the most part, that it is. And it's forgotten at least in the United States because there is not the direct involvement of U. S.  troops. There is indirect U. S.  involvement, absolutely. But the \u2014 but when the, you notice very often in the U. S.  media that when no one from the United States is dying, a situation is not declared to be a crisis. And so in Somalia, it's the people of Somalia, as well as Ethiopian troops, that are dying, and therefore it's not on our screen.","One more thing about Somalia before we move on, talking about a split there, potential split. The Bush administration and some members of Congress are considering whether to recognize Somaliland. Tell us about that, and what concerns do you have?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The situation in Somalia is not receiving the attention it deserves.","questions":"Which country invaded Somalia?","answer":"Ethiopia"}
{"text":["You know, let's just take a look at Los Angeles' demographics. You have people from incredibly wealthy to incredibly poor. You have immigrants, native-born people who've come here from other parts of the U. S. , people, of course, who were born here. How do you think L. A. 's demographics affect the need for public transportation?","Well, clearly there is a very serious need here in the region. We are very geographically dispersed in other words. We have suburbs that extend for miles in every direction. So the need for a broad-based transportation system that depends on a lot of bus service is particularly important in our region. Here in the downtown area, we do have a more extensive rail network that starts in the downtown region and then extends outwards.","But again, that's only the metro services. There are also Metrolink services and Amtrak services that serve more of the Southern California region. So there are lots of transportation choices here, and it would do people that are trying to save money well to look into these services.","Finally, is the federal government supporting the system at all?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : There is a serious need for public transportation in the region.","questions":"Which region?","answer":"Region"}
{"text":["Exactly. I mean, I have at least two publications on my resume that are no longer in existence. And I think a lot of reporters and journalists can say the same about theirs.","Yeah. You realize - I mean, maybe, I don't know - Gerard Baker, the editor of The Wall Street Journal, they won a Pulitzer this week too. He's hearing, maybe, this interview. He's certainly heard of you and your Pulitzer. What if he or another big-time newspaper editor found you and offered you a job?Do you hope for anything like that?","Well, I can't say that it wouldn't be a dream come true - it kind of would be. But, I don't know what I would do because that opportunity hasn't presented itself. And there's the other factor, which is, I like the job I'm at now. I work for USC Shoah Foundation, which isn't just some place to land. It's a pretty amazing place. It's, you know, really one of the world's leading institutions of Holocaust and genocide studies. Never thought I'd be there in a million years either, but it's turned out to be a very rich and rewarding experience. So the answer is, I - it's a very good question - I don't know what I would do if that happened.","Rob Kuznia, the Pulitzer Prize-winning PR man. He won the Pulitzer this week, along with Rebecca Kimitch, and Frank Suraci of The Daily Breeze in Southern California."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The implied meaning in this turn is that B is suggesting that Rob Kuznia should be hopeful of getting a job offer from a big-time newspaper editor.","questions":"What award did Rob Kuznia win?","answer":"Pulitzer"}
{"text":["A few hundred?","A few hundred?","A few hundred, yeah.","There is a composition on this recording \"Fur Elise\". . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The literal meaning of turns (1) and (2) is asking a question about the number \"a few hundred\". The implied meaning of these turns is that B is surprised by the number A mentioned.","questions":"Which turn implies that PersonB is surprised by the number PersonA mentioned?","answer":"Implied"}
{"text":["What was fascinating was that, although most of them, in their 90s, don't want to have German citizenship back, they were saying that their children and grandchildren are also applying.","I try to be careful with questions that are premised on what someone who is gone would think. But I'm going to chance one in your case. If your parents were here, what do you think they'd make of your decision?","I've been thinking about that a great deal. And my mother only went back to Germany once, and she only went back when my father said - my father was born in Britain - when my father said to her, Liesel, if you don't go to Germany now, I won't be alive, and I won't be able to come with you. And she went back. And she had an amazing time, and she saw her all old school friends. And what would she have felt?I think she'd have felt ambivalent, to be honest. My father would have just been completely relaxed about it, I think.","But it's been very interesting because my son feels very strongly that he wants German citizenship. My daughter's not at all sure. She can't see it, and she just says, you know, why would you want it, given the history?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  implies that the speaker's daughter has a negative view of Germany and its history, and thus does not understand why anyone would want German citizenship.","questions":"Which daughter of the speaker expresses uncertainty about wanting German citizenship?","answer":"daughter"}
{"text":["And now we'll go to another Dickerson. This is Brian Dickerson. He's a political columnist for the Detroit Free Press. And we're going to talk about Michigan. It is one of the key swing states in this election. Welcome to the program.","Thank you, Madeleine.","Well, both candidates have stumped a lot in Michigan, and is either candidate getting more traction?","Well, the most recent polls this week are a little mixed. But generally, the average of the reputable polls has been showing Obama steadily in front since about mid-June and picking up some momentum in the last two or three weeks."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"But generally, the average of the reputable polls has been showing Obama steadily in front since about mid-June and picking up some momentum in the last two or three weeks.\" - This turn has a literal meaning and is also used with its actual meaning.","questions":"Which candidate has been steadily in front according to the average of reputable polls?","answer":"Obama"}
{"text":["One of the other things you mentioned in the book, among many, is that al-Qaeda might become the world's first terrorist nuclear power without possessing a single nuclear weapon. And I suppose the answer to that is in part what you just were describing.","It is. What's interesting is that the director of the Central Intelligence Agency has said that al-Qaeda is the CIA's top nuclear concern. Now that's a fascinating comment. Obviously, that assessment is based upon intentions rather than capabilities. Insofar as we know, al-Qaeda has no nuclear material, has no knowledge to put together a nuclear bomb, but it is the number one nuclear concern because it is believed that if it had a nuclear bomb, it would use it.","You know, it's been a number of years now, seven since the 9\/11 terrorist attacks. Two questions. First is, how did Americans view the threat of terrorism back then, and how do they see it now?And how effective have the agencies like the Department of Homeland Security been in preventing another terrorist attack?","Well, in terms of our perceptions of terrorism, terrorism has been a concern for a long time for Americans. But the concern would spike, of course, in the wake of some spectacular episode, you know. The sabotage of Pan Am 103 in 1988, or the destruction of the American Embassies in Africa in 1998, and then it would quickly diminish."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Al-Qaeda has no nuclear material, but they are the CIA's top nuclear concern.","questions":"What is the reason for al-Qaeda being the CIPersonA's top nuclear concern?","answer":"Use"}
{"text":["There's been a lot of death on this mountain over the past couple of years. 2012, six climbers died one day on the summit. In 2013, there was that brawl between some Sherpas and some European climbers. Sixteen people died last year on Everest, and there was the April earthquake. Why would someone want to climb Everest now?","You know, it baffles me, but, you know, this mountain has an inescapable pull for a lot of people. It's been more than four years now since there's been, you know, what would pass for a quiet season on Mount Everest. And each year that I thought that there might be a normal season, it got unimaginably worse, which is just difficult to fathom.","You know, I think that some teams are thinking about going to the North side. Some people are actually, you know, canceling their trips, and people are thinking about other mountains. But for a lot of people, you know, Everest is - it's a mythical kind of place. And for a lot of people, I think it's a lifelong dream that nothing is going to stand between them and the summit.","Grayson Schaffer, Outside Magazine senior editor, speaking with us from Santa Fe. Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) In this turn, the speaker says \"this mountain has an inescapable pull for a lot of people\" which means that Mount Everest has a strong attraction that draws many people towards it, despite the danger and risks involved. The literal meaning would be that the mountain physically pulls people towards it, which is not true.","questions":"How would you describe the attraction of Mount Everest for some people?","answer":"Pull"}
{"text":["Look, if I were running the FBI, you know, I probably would want to have backdoors as well, so I'm sympathetic to the director's view. But there is risk if you put that backdoor in. There's no question you enhance the risk, number one. Number two, there are the privacy implications that are of concern to parties.","When you were working for the government, obviously you were institutionally on a different side of the argument. You were on the side of being able to get into whatever you needed to get into and find out whatever you needed to find out. What happened?Did you have a sort of a Saul of Damascus moment?I mean, did you always believe what you believe now?","My beliefs really haven't changed since I was in government. If anything, it gave me appreciation for how challenging it is for the government to balance and play the roles that it needs to, both wanting to keep the nation secure, both having the rights to collect extensive intelligence overseas, less so within the country. You know, the richness of that debate in many ways would, I think, make the founders of our country proud.","Rod Beckstrom was the founding director of the U. S.  National Cybersecurity Center. Thank you very much for this.","Thank you, Linda. Great to be on your show."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  implies that the speaker is asking if the person had a sudden change of heart, (3) implies that the person is proud of the balanced debate surrounding the government's decision making, ","questions":"How does turn 1 relate to the rest of the dialogue? (The answer is \"it doesn't\")","answer":"doesn't"}
{"text":["Then Clark Carrington(ph) chimed in from Dar Salam, Tanzania. He wrote, I'm an African-American living in Tanzania and totally rely on Farai and crew through podcast to keep me informed about what is going on in the U. S.  and the world, for that matter. However, Farai's much more than a female African-American voice. She is an informed progressive and an insightful mind.","And finally, we go to a fan in Saudi Arabia. Ibrahim Sadik(ph) heard a re-broadcast of a conversation we had on Latin jazz and sent us this. I wish to thank News & Notes for the excellent program on Latin jazz as well as the month-long treatment on jazz. I currently live in Saudi Arabia and enjoy News & Notes, which is rebroadcast during my morning commute. It provides a refreshing entry for the morning. I hope that the coming months will bring about a turnaround in the U. S.  economy that will allow kaleidoscopic programs such as News & Notes to remain on air.","And that's it for letters. So wherever you are, please keep your thoughts coming over the next few months.","To write us, just log on to npr. org and click on contact us. When you get there, you'll see lots of shows to choose from. Make sure you pick News & Notes when you write to us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : none","questions":"How many shows can you choose from when you click on contact us on npr.org?","answer":"Lots"}
{"text":["That's good. That's a start.","That's good.","But there are also very few issues that could get us at daggers drawn in the short term. You could have a misunderstanding and miscalculation in the South China Sea. Taiwan remains very concerning.","But overall, to date, there are very few areas in which the United States and China are headed toward conflict with each other. And there is great concern in both capitals that it not get there. But between that observation - that we mustn't go to war - and the growing list of complaints against each other, there is insufficient strategic thinking in both capitals."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : There are several issues that could lead to conflict between US and China in the short term","questions":"What is one of the concerning regions mentioned by PersonA that could potentially lead to conflict between the US and China?","answer":"Taiwan"}
{"text":["Yeah. To learn street - Glasgow street language.","They must have - well, a few particular words must have stuck to their vocabulary.","They spring to mind immediately, don't they?","Our guest is Billy Connolly. You're listening to TALK OF THE NATION, from NPR News. And there is a lot of material, it would seem to me, that would go over better in Scotland than it would here. How do you have to change to adapt to audiences?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Learning Glasgow street language involves learning specific words.","questions":"What kind of language?","answer":"Specific"}
{"text":["Burnt hair, desiccated strawberry, armpit, you know (laughter).","Very precise and unusual.","And there's also this new trajectory to incorporate the language of science. So instead of saying that something smells like green bell pepper, sommeliers are now describing it as smelling of pyrazines, which, by the way, is a chemical that is present in both sauvignon blanc and cabernet sauvignon grapes and in green bell peppers. So don't always roll your eyes at the sommelier.","I don't roll my eyes at the sommelier. I've actually always been intimidated by interacting with the sommelier. I wanted to ask you if you would take a moment to sort of teach someone like me. Can you walk me through it?","A lot of us, when we're given the wine list, treat it as a multiple-choice test. We're handed this list of a hundred options. And we have until the sommelier circles back to us to figure out the right answer.","Exactly."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In this turn, the literal meaning of \"incorporate the language of science\" would imply using scientific terminology to describe wine aromas. However, the actual meaning is that sommeliers are adopting a more scientific approach to describing aromas by referring to specific chemicals present in the wine or food.","questions":"Which chemical is present in both sauvignon blanc and cabernet sauvignon grapes and in green bell peppers?","answer":"Pyrazines"}
{"text":["Mr.  Bostrom, as I understand it, you have spent a lot of your working life dealing with nuclear war and asteroid strikes and now the prospect of superintelligent machines. How you doing?","Well, I actually also spend some time thinking about the upside of things, like, if things go well, if humanity makes it through this century intact, I think the future for Earth originating intelligent life could be very long and very large and very bright, indeed. We might reach technological maturity in this century, and with that would come the possibility to colonize the universe and to cure cancer and to accomplish many other things that we can only vaguely dream about today. It's worth being really careful and making sure that we don't screw up along the path.","Nick Bostrom is the founder and director of the Future of Humanity Institute at Oxford University and the author of \"Superintelligence. \"Thanks for speaking with us, Mr.  Bostrom, and I don't mind saying good luck.","Thanks."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In (3), the speaker is not wishing Mr. Bostrom good luck in the literal sense, but rather expressing his appreciation for speaking with them and thanking him for his efforts.","questions":"How did the speaker express his appreciation to Mr. Bostrom in (3)?","answer":"Thanks"}
{"text":["Will you try and legislate in spite of the president instead of with him?I mean, it seems that he is distracting from what the Republican Congress is trying to do.","Oh, absolutely. I think we'll move forward without that. I think that the president can certainly - I mean, it would be helpful, obviously, if the president makes that pivot - and I certainly hope that he does - where he's certainly more deliberate, more thoughtful in his approach - certainly gets off this Twitter stuff (laughter) - where, you know, I think that, as commander in chief - and I've said this before - that the men and women who serve this country in uniform want to see a president focused on the fact that we're a nation at war and not in a Twitter war with Rosie O'Donnell.","And so I think - I hope that this president can self-correct - this presidency can stabilize. But the Congress needs to move forward with policies that matter to the American people. And the president is doing something important right now in having visited Saudi Arabia - and to strengthen our alliance with Saudi Arabia, to counter that Iranian - Syrian, certainly under Assad, and Russia axis of power that is strengthening.","You know, you're talking about Twitter, but there were reports last week that the president disclosed sensitive intelligence information from Israel to Russian diplomats in an Oval Office meeting. You're a veteran. Do you have any concerns about the president's national security judgment, just briefly?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"the Congress needs to move forward with policies that matter to the American people\" - literal meaning, refers to the Congress passing laws that are important to the citizens of the United States.","questions":"Which group of people does turn 2 refer to?","answer":"American"}
{"text":["So Beijing has basically made an offer to the people of Hong Kong that if they're willing to give up on dreams of greater democracy, they can be part of China's amazing economic rise, and they have offered them more integration with the kind of boom cities on the other side of the border in the mainland. The problem is that again and again and very dramatically over this extradition bill, the people of Hong Kong have said, no. They do not want that trade off. They actually are willing to protest and fight hard to maintain those freedoms that they still have.","So it's not even as though these protesters in Hong Kong are fighting for additional freedom. They're just saying we want to keep things the way they are. We don't want to see an erosion of the freedoms we do have.","That's right. I think it's important to be realistic. I mean, this has been an absolutely extraordinary - at times, very moving - protest by over a million people - overwhelmingly peaceful, very civic-minded, lots of different generations coming together. That's a fantastic thing and utterly unthinkable where I'm sitting in Beijing on the mainland - could never happen. But they are not about to get more democracy. They're not even about to get more freedoms. This is a defensive set of protests to keep what they have.","Interesting that you point out this would be very, very unlikely to happen in China. It makes me wonder, do the protests in Hong Kong pose any threat to China's leadership, to President Xi Jinping, to the Chinese Communist Party?Are they worried about this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The protests in Hong Kong are not about gaining more democracy or freedom, but rather to protect what they currently have.","questions":"What are the Hong Kong protesters defending?","answer":"currentfreedoms"}
{"text":["But then again, the Southsider group from Los Angeles, which has essentially a lot of Latino members, will try to exercise dominance in the jails as a message to all African-Americans that there's more of us and we can dominate the situation in the jails and we're going to dominate the situations in the street.","We're talking with L. A.  County Sheriff Lee Baca. Sheriff, is there much difference, as far as racial issues are concerned, between inmates in, let's say, county jail as opposed to state or federal prisons, where the inmates are serving longer terms and there are more of them?","Well, there is a slight difference. You know, the transient nature of the county jails is that inmates have access to each other much easier than in a state prison system, and at the same time, the state prison system is a long-term incarceration and they're more calculated when they're going to do a hit. Whereas in a county jail, they can hit anytime and be spontaneous and virtually disrupt the entire environment in the jail without a real comprehensive plan. Whereas in state prisons, it's more calculated.","Now, in California, particularly in Los Angeles, we have talked a lot about the tensions between Latinos and blacks. We haven't said very much about tensions between blacks and whites or Latinos and whites. How much of that is there?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B is interested in learning about racial issues among inmates and whether there is a difference between county jails and state\/federal prisons.","questions":"What is PersonB's primary concern in their question to Sheriff Lee Baca?","answer":"Inmates."}
{"text":["Well, Shadow, my producer, who up until then had been noted for producing the Shangri-las, he didn't really try to get me too so much as he gave me a choice. He said if you will change black as night, because the opening line is face is clean and shining black as night. He said if you change that word black to anything - anything else I can guarantee you a number one record. And he said, but it's your choice. And a friend of ours was standing there and he said, quote, unquote, \"you whore now, you'll whore forever,\" and that's a pretty strong words. I was 15 at that time. That was pretty strong. But from my point of view, hey, I was getting to make a record. How cool is that, you know?","Yeah.","When it was a hit or not was secondary.","Let me ask you, is that a scar, or is it just a lesson learned from then that carries with you today?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : They want to know if that is something that still affects them today or is it a lesson learned.","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue refers to a friend's quote and the PersonA's choice to change a word in a song?","answer":"turn0"}
{"text":["So, Bill, what do you make of the president's remarks?","Every time I hear President Bush talk about billions, I start thinking about Carl Sagan and talking about billions of stars and billions of this. Part of the problem when I listen to and consider what President Bush is talking about is more what he doesn't talk about, that U. S.  aid to Africa is significant in terms of dollar amounts that are mentioned, but as a percentage of what the United States does offers internationally, it's actually not all that significant.","A couple of years ago, I did a little research on this and discovered that U. S.  aid to Africa, if you withdraw Egypt, is less than Israel. That is - that the total aid is less than the aid to one country, a key ally of the United States. So that figure told me a little bit about the priorities of the United States.","The second thing is that there are regularly strings attached to U. S.  aids. So whether it's the assistance to combat HIV and AIDS, there are these strings around the issue of abstinence, abstinence only, as a condition for significant amounts of aid to combat that disease. A second issue is that whereas the United Nations has had a internationally recognized program combating AIDS\/HIV, tuberculosis, malaria, the Bush administration has refused to give full funding to that U. N.  program and instead was more interested in setting up its own bureaucracy to offer assistance, which seems to be run contrary all of the rhetoric about a, you know, that conservatives often offer about eliminating costs."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Every time I hear President Bush talk about billions, I start thinking about Carl Sagan and talking about billions of stars and billions of this. - Implied meaning: A is critical of President Bush's remarks, particularly regarding U.S. aid to Africa and his failure to discuss its significance in terms of international aid offered by the United States.","questions":"Which astronomer does PersonA refer to when talking about President Bush's remarks on billions?","answer":"Carl"}
{"text":["I want to get into one other really fascinating part because we're running out of time, and that's is when you did this preliminary work in mice before you did it in humans, you used nanoparticles instead of white blood cells.","Well, we used both, actually. We developed over many years the use of the white blood cells as carriers for the antigens to knock down the autoimmune response. But more recently, we used nanoparticles that we think are surrogates of these apoptotic white blood cells. So they actually have the same efficacy in mouse models of both preventing and treating animal models of multiple sclerosis.","The advantage, of course, being that these nanoparticles can be manufactured under FDA-approved conditions and can be pulled off the shelf, the therapy is less intrusive than withdrawing, you know, billions of cells from a patient and manipulating them in a blood bag and re-introducing them.","So when do we get to a human trial of whether your technique works, in this phase two where you actually. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : nanoparticles can be easily kept on hand and accessed quickly when needed","questions":"What is the advantage of using nanoparticles over white blood cells in terms of accessibility?","answer":"Accessibility"}
{"text":["Yeah. I think what's really interesting is that when you look at the team that won four years ago, part of why they won was that they had a very strong defense. They went 540 minutes, several games without conceding a goal, whereas this U. S.  team comes into this tournament having actually conceded a lot of goals when they play good competition.","So what the U. S.  is doing right now is kind of focusing on the attack. They have a lot of really strong attacking pieces. Players like Alex Morgan can score a lot of goals. So I think that's kind of their game plan is just outscore their opponents even if they end up conceding some goals this time around.","And we mentioned that they're battling on a number of fronts, not just on the pitch, that this lawsuit against U. S.  Soccer was filed three months ago. Can you tell us a little bit more about the underlying complaint?What is it that the players are alleging?","Yeah. So the players have filed a lawsuit alleging institutionalised gender discrimination. And there are sort of two pieces to it. The easiest piece to understand is the non-compensation issues. So it's things like the women alleging that U. S.  Soccer has been flying the men's team to games on charter flights, whereas the women have had to fly on commercial flights - having the men play most of their - almost all of their games on natural grass, whereas the women have had to play a significant portion of their games on artificial turf. And players say that artificial turf is more harsh on their bodies, harder to recover from."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The U.S. team's strategy is to score more goals than their opponents, even if they also concede some.","questions":"Which team's game plan is to outscore their opponents even if they concede some goals?","answer":"U.S."}
{"text":["Do the findings differ according to what you majored in or, you know, engineering versus philosophy?","It did. For example, if you look at in the middle of the career of someone, say, 15 years out after graduation, the typical earnings of an engineer is pretty close to $100,000 a year. The same is true of my field of economics. But if you were to go to teaching or social work, the figure is more likely $50,000 a year.","Dr.  Vedder, without getting you into trouble, you're a professor of economics. Does this lead you to ever tell your students you're wasting your money here?","Well, you've asked a delicate question, Scott, but I am at the age where I am tenured and semi-retired, so I guess I can say anything I want. I've tried to be honest with my students and I tell my students that there are risks in anything one does in life and any kind of investment one makes in life. And colleges are subject to the same kind of risks that investing in, say, stocks and bonds. Part of the risk, of course, is that 45 percent of those who enter college don't graduate within six years. And students who think they can major in social work then go get a fancy job and then live in an upper middle-class suburb are perhaps living a life that's devoid of much reality these days. And so I point this out to them. I don't tell them don't go to college, but I tell them there are risks associated with it and be cautious about piling up a lot of debt."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The findings are likely to vary depending on what field of study you have chosen, such as engineering or philosophy.","questions":"How much is the typical earnings of an engineer 15 years out after graduation?","answer":"$100,000."}
{"text":["What were some of the challenging parts of school?What did you find the hardest?","Reading, studying my lessons. You know, because I had to read more, you know, and because, you know, as you get older, your short-term memory sort of fails you once in a while. So to make sure that you got the material where you could reproduce it, you had to study a little harder and do a little more research.","So tell me what graduation day was like?","Oh, the best day of my life, I guess. Life doesn't get any better. Life doesn't get any better. With my family there, all my friends cheering me on, I felt like I was 16 years old. What a day. What a day. I was happy. Everybody was pleased. They gave me a good ovation. I really enjoyed it. I really did. I cannot explain to you in words my feelings."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Oh, the best day of my life, I guess.Life doesn't get any better.Life doesn't get any better.With my family there, all my friends cheering me on, I felt like I was 16 years old.What a day.What a day.I was happy.Everybody was pleased.They gave me a good ovation.I really enjoyed it.I really did.I cannot explain to you in words my feelings.","questions":"Which day did PersonA describe as the best day of their life?","answer":"Graduation"}
{"text":["Look. We - no - we have low-skilled workers who come to this country all the time. . .","Low skills is different than no skills.",". . . Well, low skill - that's what the chief was talking about. We're talking about bringing in the best and brightest from around the world. That's not what is occurring now. But let's not pretend for a second we have a mean, heartless immigration policy. We have the most generous immigration policy in the world. So to pretend as though, somehow, we're closing off to the world is just ridiculous. What this president and what the chief of staff was talking about is we want people in this country who have a lot to offer the United States, who are the best and the brightest. And right now our immigration system as such - we don't get that.","I'm afraid I got to come back to the McCain question one more time because, you know, we wouldn't keep asking it if someone in the White House would say, look. I wish it hadn't happened. He's a great American. He's given great service to the country. He might be in his last days. Let's just shut down this controversy and say, thank you for everything you've done for America. But why won't the White House say that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Having low skills is not the same as having no skills","questions":"What does the chief want to bring in from around the world?","answer":"Best"}
{"text":["Today, Turkey formally requested NATO to deploy Patriot missiles on the border with Syria. And while the new anti-government coalition wins friends in foreign capitals, it gets a mixed reception from rebel groups inside Syria. NPR correspondent Deborah Amos joins us now by Skype from southern Turkey. And Deborah, always good to talk with you.","Thank you, Neal. Glad to be here.","And some European nations are already considering Turkey's Patriot missile request. If fulfilled, will that effectively establish a no-fly zone over parts of - over northern Syria?","NATO officials are downplaying the no-fly zone aspect of this. But there is no doubt that if there are Patriot missiles on the border, the Syrian air force will think twice about bombing any city close to that border. That is already happening on this - on the Turkish border. There are towns now that are under the umbrella of Turkey."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Fulfilling Turkey's request for Patriot missiles may establish a no-fly zone over northern Syria, but NATO officials are downplaying it.","questions":"How would NATO officials describe the establishment of a no-fly zone over northern Syria if Patriot missiles are deployed on the border?","answer":"downplaying"}
{"text":["I'm well. I'm going to read a bit from the editorial. You're answering attacks on Maryland Representative Elijah Cummings and on his district, which includes Baltimore. And you wrote, (reading) it's not hard to see what's going on here. The congressman has been a thorn in this president's side, and Mr.  Trump sees attacking African American members of Congress as good politics, as it both warms the cockles of the white supremacists who love him and causes so many of the thoughtful people who don't to scream.","So it seems that you think this is all very much premeditated, and it's not just, as some have said, the president responding to Fox News.","Yes. Well, I think it clearly is - both things are going on at the same time. I think Fox News gives him the ammunition he needed, and he gave it probably about, you know, two seconds of thought to find an opportunity to slam Representative Cummings who, of course, has been critical of his border policy, and so he took it. And so 750,000 people woke up in the 7th District yesterday being told that they were the worst place in the country by the president of the United States.","When you first read those tweets, what was your thought?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : When you read the social media post, what did you think?","questions":"How many people woke up in the 7th District being told that they were the worst place in the country?","answer":"750,000"}
{"text":["Depending on how they go about it, how big of a deal could this announcement by Zara be, and what kind of an impact could it have?","Well, I think the really interesting thing about Zara's statement is they've made a public statement to back their intention, and they will be held accountable for whether they achieve that target or not over time. So the fact that they made this very public target I think is really positive. And I think hopefully what that will do is also encourage other brands and retailers to be bold and to make these statements as well.","What individual responsibility do consumers have here?","Personally, I think every consumer has some responsibility for their actions. The consumers are buying products, they are making decisions about where they're buying those products from, how long they keep those products for and what they do with those products at end of life. So I think there is definitely some responsibility that the consumers have in all of this. But I also recognize as - there is this deep-seated sort of psychological driver within our human psyche to engage in fashion."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : how big of a deal means how much of a problem would this be","questions":"How will Zara be held accountable for achieving their target?","answer":"Unclear"}
{"text":[". . . if you want to call it better than mud. And those soils actually have very little - they get - they amplify the ground motion, and they have very little resistance in terms of - when compared to bedrock. And the piling of the existing structure is about, you know, 30 meters deep. They're actually timber piles. They're 30 meters deep. And there are many, many, many of those. And that particular foundation is not made to resist the seismic motions that we're dealing with.","The other part of it is the fact that the existing eastern spans have - it's a truss structure. And by default, a truss structure has many connections, many members, unlike a suspension bridge. And thereby retrofitting those members to satisfy the new design codes would require a lot of work, overhead traffic and blocking lanes.","But if you look at your design of your new bridge, it's not - it's almost unlike anything we've seen before. . .","Well. . ."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is not literally saying that retrofitting the truss structure would require blocking lanes and overhead traffic. They are implying that the retrofitting process would be difficult and disruptive due to the many connections and members of a truss structure.","questions":"How would you describe the retrofitting process for a truss structure?","answer":"Challenging"}
{"text":["Now what we didn't hear was a huge thunderous applause that you got from the crowd. Would you run for office again?And if so, what office?","I do - I would like to run for office. I really believe very firmly in public service. I enjoyed my years as lieutenant governor. And, you know, as a small-government Republican, really began to appreciate beyond the rhetoric of just saying, you know, I want a smaller government, but really focusing on how you make government work for people and how you make it efficient - more efficient partner in our daily lives.","And so I walked away from the office with a great appreciation for the value of public service and the importance that you can play in helping small businesses, in getting healthcare where it needs to be, and in dealing with problems of crime and the things that lead up to people to do things that create problems in their community, recidivism, and drug addiction, and things like that. So yeah, I'd like to get back to it. I'd like to run for governor of Maryland one day. And we'll see if that ever happens. But yeah, it's on the table. I don't know if it's in the cards yet, but it's at least on the table.","So you're chair of GOPAC, and it aims to elect more Republicans into office. So what are you working on specifically this time around?Are there any races or any strategies you're working on?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"in the cards\" implies has a high degree of possibility. \"on the table\" implies an existing possibility","questions":"Which phrase indicates a probability of something happening?","answer":"probability"}
{"text":["So we've now been looking at harmless bacteria, so - and we've been using that as a model system. So there's, I think, two major interests. One is a biological one, a microbiological one, is understanding bacteria better. And so it turns out there's also a number of pathogens that wear these coats, and so we would really like to look at what they look like and how they're able to interact with the host. And another interest is that because they are these highly ordered structures - and really the proteins, they assemble themselves, and that's a property that material sciences are interested in. So it's those -both those aspects that are interesting.","If the bacteria have this chainmail that surrounds them, how do nutrients and things get in and out of them?","So it - there you can really compare it like a chainmail. A chainmail is also not just like the armor that we probably know. It is little rings sitting next to each other, and they have holes. The nutrients get across those holes.","And does - do - does the chainmail look the same on all different kinds of bacteria, or are there distinctive patterns on some?Could you say, oh, I recognize that one?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"So it - there you can really compare it like a chainmail.A chainmail is also not just like the armor that we probably know.It is little rings sitting next to each other, and they have holes.The nutrients get across those holes.\" - The actual meaning is that the chainmail-like structure of the bacteria's protein coats allows nutrients to pass through, not that the bacteria are literally wearing chainmail armor.","questions":"Which structure allows nutrients to pass through the bacteria's protein coats?","answer":"Holes"}
{"text":["Well, we have very large ones - gorillas are our largest - all the way down to Cotton-top Tamarins, which are probably about a pound.","You've been there for quite a few hours already. How's the day going so far?","My morning has been fairly busy. I went down to our gorilla area. We have a gorilla that has some teeth issues, and we were brushing her teeth. We did a dental rinse on her and getting them ready to go out in their habitat for the day. And I went early this morning to our Mandrill building and was checking the exhibit. We're doing some rehab work and mandrills went out for the first time in several months.","Mandrills is a type of animal?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker is referring to different sizes of primates.","questions":"How would you describe the range of primates discussed in turn 0?","answer":"Different"}
{"text":["These Special Forces and SEAL veterans, Navy SEAL veterans - they deployed on a mission to kill the leader of the Aden branch of Al-Islah. And Al-Islah, as I write, is a very important political party in Yemen. It's an Islamist party, but it's not viewed in the wider world as a terrorist group. Nonetheless, the UAE, as we write, hired this company to kill this local political leader, this Islamist leader.","The UAE and Saudi Arabia are leading the war in Yemen against rebels in Yemen, and they have U. S.  support. Now, you suggest in the story that somebody in this group was a member of the active military, don't you?","A reservist - he was a reservist, and he was a SEAL reservist. He was at that level of command, one of the nation's best, most highly trained. And he was still - you know, technically, he had a top-secret clearance, sources told us, even when he was doing this very strange, unique, unprecedented mission, as far as we know.","I guess I'm among those Americans who just assume that that had to be illegal, that U. S.  citizens couldn't do that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Assassinating the Aden branch leader of Al-Islah may have been illegal","questions":"How was the Aden branch leader of Al-Islah removed?","answer":"Crowding"}
{"text":["That is against the law.","This is a BuzzFeed story, not an NPR story. It hasn't been reflected in our reporting. We can't vouch for it. Is this an anecdote or a trend?","Right. Is this an anomaly?It's the real key. I believe this is potentially a trend. Are they the only ones who've done this?Are there other countries who try it?","Are there other Americans other than the ones that you've believed you've uncovered?","And are there other Americans - right."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : BuzzFeed is unreliable and their story cannot be trusted.","questions":"Which news outlet is being criticized in the dialogue?","answer":"BuzzFeed"}
{"text":["It's going to be tough to do that tonight if there's a clear trend early, and there's a reason why, it's the Internet. Everyone's going to be look at the Internet. The Internet's going to be full of all kinds of numbers, exit polls, there are going to be all sorts of people predicting one way or another.","And the cable operators, the cable television news operations, CNN, Fox, MSNBC are going to in a tremendous competition to see which one of them can call it first, and that's going to pull the broadcasters over. So I don't think people in California can expect that the East Coast will not be talking about a winner, if there is a clear winner, before the polls close in California. Now, that isn't necessarily a good thing, I'm not trying to put a. . .","Right.","Put a happy face on it, it does make people in California feel angry to hear the race declared over hours before the polls close in that state. But because it's going to be on the Internet just about every where, and I suspect we'll start seeing it on cable television, it's going to be hard for the networks to resist the temptation to do the same."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This make sure anger for every violence people get some illegal activities","questions":"What emotion might people in California feel if a clear winner is declared before the polls close in that state?","answer":"angry"}
{"text":["Well, this is where this gets controversial, is that about half the attorneys general in the United States say they will not feel nearly enough pain. Forbes magazine puts their wealth at around $13 billion, and a lot of that money will not be touched by this deal. There's also no admission of wrongdoing here, David. And that angers a lot of people. And remember, the Sackler family, we've seen over the last year, they really - members of the family played a very forward role in bringing OxyContin, but also other opioid medications, into the mainstream. Two hundred and eighteen thousand Americans have died from this prescription opioid epidemic alone. And so the fact that they're not feeling more personal sting here, that's controversial.","Well, and you mentioned a lot of attorneys general are not satisfied with this result. I mean, does that mean they could really keep this going, this could mean that this is not over at all for the Sacklers?","Yeah. So New York Attorney General Letitia James announced, just on Friday, that the Sackler family had wired about a billion dollars to offshore accounts. She talks about Swiss bank accounts. So they're looking for that money, and they say they'll keep piling suits directly to family members.","Well, and we're talking about Purdue Pharma. They actually didn't - I mean, a fairly small producer of opioids, right?There are other drugmakers out there, distributors, pharmacies. Does this bankruptcy impact all of them in some way?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : 'They'll keep piling suits directly to family members' would be written in the literal sense as 'plaintiffs will file several lawsuits against family members directly'","questions":"What action will be taken against family members directly?","answer":"Treasury"}
{"text":["The census is required by the Constitution and federal law. There's really no wiggle room here. Trump did sign this executive order directing all agencies to provide the Commerce Department with U. S.  citizenship and noncitizenship data of everyone living in the U. S. The thing is, though, that that data collection was already under way, or at least some of it was. So it's not clear what this executive order is really achieving.","House voted to limit the president's authority to use the military to strike Iran. What's the significance of that vote?","So this defense bill was really aimed at reining in the president's power to use military force against Iran without approval from Congress. This has been an issue not only with this president, but, obviously, with prior administrations - the question of when a president must get permission to take military action. And Democrats in the House are trying to take some of that authority back and give it back to Congress. Obviously, Trump was on his - very close to striking Iran, according to him, a few weeks ago.","But although the bill passed the House, it did so along party lines, and it's going to have a much harder time in the Senate. You're likely going to see some compromise have to be made for this bill to become law."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The executive order signed by Trump may not be accomplishing anything new.","questions":"Which order?","answer":"Executive"}
{"text":["So, you're skeptical about a car czar. You think that there should be loans, though, with strict provisions attached to them.","Right, right.","What else?What else needs to be done?I mean, this is a massive, massive problem, and two of the three are facing extinction at this point.","Don't forget, what's putting them in this condition is the economic, you know, the economic condition of the nation right now. But the kind of fixed-cost structure that these auto companies have is massive, massive losses that have to do with what's happening to demand."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : None of the turns in this conversation have a figurative or non-literal meaning.","questions":"Which turn in the conversation implies that there are no figurative or non-literal meanings?","answer":"Turn0"}
{"text":["What goes in the clubhouse stays in the clubhouse - until the baseball manager writes a book, that is. It's Thursday, and if you haven't guessed, it's time again for a look at sports with our very own sports guru, the New York Times Sports Columnist, Mr.  Bill Rhoden. Mr.  Bill, what's up?","Hey, the great Tony Cox. How you're doing?","I'm doing great, man. Joe Torre, leaving New York as a beloved figure, but now he has written his autobiography, \"The Yankee Years. \"I know that he's been on his New York tour. People are buying the book. But, you know, some people are happy, some people not so happy.","Well, the people who are most important to be happy are happy. The publisher of course. . .","Anybody reading book, it's about selling books. And I, Tony, I sort of equate it to in football, the most important statistics for a receiver are yards after catch."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : What happens in the clubhouse should not be shared with others","questions":"What is the phrase that PersonB uses to describe Joe Torre's autobiography?","answer":"Autobiography"}
{"text":["Not a bad thing. Oh, yes. But my favorite apple that's in the book - that's mentioned in the book - is called the Pitmaston Pineapple. And it tastes of nuts and honey, but it also has a kind of pineapple finish - faint taste of pineapple at the end. And - but I love them so much that I have planted my own Pitmaston Pineapple tree. And in a couple years, I'm really hoping it bears fruit.","Tracy Chevalier's new novel is \"At The Edge Of The Orchard. \"","Tracy Chevalier, it's good to talk to you. Thanks so much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The narrator has a strong appreciation for the Pitmaston Pineapple, as they have made the effort to plant their own tree to experience the taste of it.","questions":"Which type of fruit does the narrator mention planting a tree for?","answer":"apple"}
{"text":["A lot of people are very skeptical of the talks. The government, before even going to Geneva, voiced their concern that they're not going to Geneva to negotiate or deal. They just wanted to go to Geneva to make sure that the Houthis will comply when the U. N.  see a resolution. So to begin with, the political parties were in Geneva not to talk, not for dialogue, not to negotiate. They were there for blinking contests.","And what's the mood there in the capital?","A lot of people are depressed 'cause pretty much everybody was hoping that there's going to be some sort of a truce, especially now that it's the month of Ramadan. It is the holy month for four weeks where people fast. People - they don't actually have food to begin with. But it's a religious month where people fast, so we were hoping for some sort of a cease-fire, some sort of a truce where the blockade will be lifted so that the aid will come in, so that the commercial vessels now stuck at the seaports will be allowed to move in. Yemen imports 90 percent of its food, so we're in dire need of those commercial vessels to be allowed into the country. Unfortunately, the Geneva talks ended without the lifting of the blockade, without a truce being agreed upon.","We should explain to our listeners that blockade has been led by Saudi naval forces to keep weapons out of the hands of rebels. You have said that you're both anti-Houthi and anti-airstrikes. How do you solve one problem without the other?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"fast\" - The word \"fast\" is being used in a religious context to mean abstaining from food and drink during daylight hours as an act of devotion. It is not being used to describe moving quickly.","questions":"What does the word \"fast\" mean in this context?","answer":"Abstaining"}
{"text":[". . . You are from this area - born in D. C. , raised in Maryland and Virginia - the DMV, as we like to say. So what's it like to be back home now that you're blowing up like this?Can you go to, like, the CVS if you want to without being recognized?","Yeah. I definitely can go to the CVS. You know, sometimes people recognize me, sometimes they don't. But it's a beautiful feeling, and I just can't wait to move back eventually.","How did you start singing or how did you realize you could sing?","I don't know. I just was always singing. I didn't know if it was good or not, but my grandma, she told me that I sounded like an angel. And that maybe - perhaps that kept me going. I mean, I always wanted a solo at the church, and they didn't ever give it to me. But eventually they did, and I froze. But then I killed it. And I just feel like that kind of just followed me all throughout my life."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The phrase \"blowing up like this\" does not literally mean that the speaker is exploding, but rather that they are becoming popular and gaining fame","questions":"What does the phrase \"blowing up like this\" mean?","answer":"Popularity"}
{"text":["Well, there's a big argument in the United States about this. There's one group of folks who think that engagement policy failed. We engaged with China from 1979 until about 2013 when Xi Jinping came into power. And the idea of engagement was that coevolution was in the American interest as well as in China's interest. And you could bring China along to be a responsible player to some degree.","Many hardliners in the United States government - and outside and including in the expert community - now claim that engagement was a sucker's game and that we have raised up a tiger which could now devour us. But there are different schools of thought about this, and many of us think that we still need to engage with China, albeit more strategically.","That image of raising a tiger that will devour us is very dramatic. Is that what we're talking about here?I mean, like, one or the other will triumph?","I don't think so. I'm actually borrowing from a Chinese phrase - (speaking Chinese) - you don't want to raise up a baby tiger because it grows up. But again, there are people like Steve Bannon and the Committee for the Present Danger: China, which now claim that China is an existential threat to the United States. And they're also claiming that the United States cannot coexist with the Chinese Communist Party, despite the fact that we've been doing so at least since 1949."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The situation is not necessarily an 'either\/or' between China and the United States.","questions":"What is the Chinese phrase that PersonA is borrowing from?","answer":"Baby"}
{"text":["It's time now for our Africa Update. The search begins for an African Einstein. In South Africa this week, at least two dozen people have been killed in a wave of attacks on foreigners and we look at Rwanda's new economic force, women. For more, we've got Roxanne Lawson, she's director of Africa Policy for TransAfrica Forum. Hey, Roxanne.","Hi, how are you doing?","I'm doing great. So let's talk about some disturbing news form South Africa. It's the biggest economic power on the continent and plenty of immigrants from other African nations are flooding into the country, legally or not. South Africans are accusing these immigrants of taking away jobs and causing crime, in some ways it's similar to a lot of the debates right here in the U. S.  Now, some South Africans are getting into brutal attacks on foreigners. At least 24 people have been killed in unrest that broke out a week ago. So what's the latest on the violence?","You're directly right that it actually is very much like what we see here in the United States with our migration issues. As of this morning, official reports that 217 people have been arrested, over 3,000 have been displaced and 22 people are dead."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Immigrants in South Africa are being blamed for job loss and crime, leading to brutal attacks on foreigners.","questions":"What is causing the unrest in South Africa?","answer":"Attacks"}
{"text":["Well, number one, we were astounding that something over 2,000 years old decided to put roots on itself and live again. So, after the jubilation - and there was real jubilation at Archangel - we came up with the grand idea of using these trees that were lost to the world and planting them in old growth forest groves. And I'm happy to say that we're well on our way of attaining that goal.","As I understand, old growth forest, it won't look like much of anything for a few hundred years.","Well, that's not true. What most people don't understand about coast redwoods and giant sequoias is that they're probably the second-fastest-growing tree on earth that I know of, only second only to the eucalyptus. And they will grow 10 feet a year, and that is a lot of stored carbon in a very short period of time. Groves of those or forests of those will really make a measurable dent in the CO2 imbalance in our atmosphere.","Why are they planted in Port Orford?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The implied meaning here is that B thinks that old growth forests take a long time to develop, and won't look impressive for hundreds of years. However, the literal meaning of the statement is simply a statement of understanding about the appearance of old growth forests.","questions":"How fast do coast redwoods and giant sequoias grow?","answer":"10"}
{"text":["I'm doing great. So when you think about. .","You're doing better than the economy, right?","I guess so. You know, when you think about what Marcus Mabry just said, he said, this is a Wall Street issue, not a Main Street issue. Do you agree with that?","Not at all. I mean, I think he's basically right that it hits Wall Street harder than it hits Main Street, but it does hit Main Street too especially if you are an African-American and had already bumped up against a stringent credit requirement. I think that there is going to be - there's going to be several restructurings, and one thing that needs to happen is we need to talk about people's right to have access to credit and the ways that people are judged as being credit worthy."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"You're doing better than the economy, right?\" The literal meaning of this sentence is that the speaker is asking whether the person they are speaking to is doing better than the economy. However, the actual meaning is that the speaker is using sarcasm to imply that the economy is not doing well.","questions":"How did PersonA say Marcus Mabry's statement hits Main Street?","answer":"Restructurings"}
{"text":["Now, the foreign minister of Iran is describing this as blackmail. It does sound like bribery. Whether it's legal or not, I don't know. But how does the U. S.  view this particular tactic?","Well, the U. S.  has had a program for more than 30 years called Rewards for Justice that they've used to pay money to people who provide information that helps disrupt terror networks. They used it with the son of Osama bin Laden, for example - or tried to use it. So they announced a program yesterday where they will pay up to $15 million to people for information that would help disrupt Iranian illicit networks. And this is - the offer to Kumar, the captain of the Adrian Darya ship, is actually the first time they've used this program in the case of Iran and the maximum pressure campaign.","So this is open - it appears to be on the surface, at least - within U. S.  law. There's a law to cover it. If anybody were to accept the offer of this money, would we ever know about it?","Well, I think we probably would because the State Department has been actually very kind of forward in terms of publishing - publicizing a lot of things they're doing because they want ship captains around the world to know that this is available to entice them to take up these offers. So if they don't publicize it, there's no kind of marketing campaign as such."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"On the surface\" doesn't refer to physical being on a surface. Here, it implies that the program appears to be legal, but a deeper evaluation may show that it is not.","questions":"What does \"on the surface\" imply in turn 2?","answer":"appears"}
{"text":["Most certainly, you know, because when it's so many deaths and injured, emotions tend to run really high. And we're certainly worried.","But so far, have you heard of any incidents of intimidation or violence?","There has been a few minor incidents - nothing major. Pelting stones at a few mosques. And on Sunday itself, two shops were burned down.","Two shops, I think."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A is implying that there have been small reports of violence, such as stones being thrown at mosques and shops being burned down.","questions":"What has been the target of the violence reported by PersonA in the dialogue?","answer":"mosques"}
{"text":["Who is Chuy Garcia, and does he have to show that he's not just a protest candidate now?","He has been around for a long time. He was a state senator. He was a city council alderman. He is now a Cook County commissioner. Was he widely known all the way across Chicago?No, he has not been. But he is a solid and serious individual, who's been in government for a long time. He was not the first choice. The first choice to run against Rahm Emanuel was the head of the Chicago teachers' union. . .","Yeah, Karen Lewis.",". . . Karen Lewis, who is charismatic, African-American and has been at war with Emanuel from the beginning. But she developed a brain tumor. And the person who became the anointed one was Chuy Garcia."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This implies that Chuy Garcia was not the top choice and was only chosen because of Karen Lewis's unfortunate situation.","questions":"Which person was anointed to run against Rahm Emanuel?","answer":"Chuy"}
{"text":["But then today, the insurgent leader said he couldn't guarantee the safety of this team because of the fighting that's going on in the city of Slovyansk, and so he released them. And I should say - or I should mention that another Western observer of this team, a Swede, had already been released last weekend for health reasons.","Do we know where they are now?","They've returned to Donetsk here and basically south of Slovyansk where they were being kept for a number of days. And they had some trouble getting here because of the fighting that's going on between Ukrainian forces and pro-Russian separatists along the way. The German leader of the team says he and the other former captives' spirits are high.","What is the latest on the fighting?What do we know?It seems to be going on in several locations throughout Ukraine.","It's still continuing to some extent in Slovyansk, but it seems the focus today is on a city south of there about 10 miles called Kramatorsk. I was there yesterday, and I could see the separatists preparing their defenses. They set up tractor-trailers to close off the main road to Ukrainian armored vehicles. And it was also evident that some of these separatists were very professional-looking masked-soldier types with automatic weapons. And I hadn't seen these people before in the area."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : In turn (5), when the speaker says, \"And I hadn't seen these people before in the area,\" the actual meaning is that the speaker has observed armed and masked separatists in the area who appear to be professional soldiers. This statement implies that the separatists are not just a group of local civilians who have taken up arms, but rather they may have received military training and support from a foreign government or organization. This implication is a departure from the literal meaning of the words used in the turn.","questions":"How would you describe the appearance of the separatists observed by the speaker?","answer":"Professional-looking"}
{"text":["Hello.","What's going on in your city?","Well, what's going on in my city is a similar dynamic of what's taking place in other cities across the United States right now. We've had 130 percent increase in homicides related to arguments and fights between individuals or groups unrelated to other criminal activity. They've got easy access to firearms. We've seen all of these cities have seen many more shots fired at each individual incident. Some places it's a fight over synthetic drug markets. So there are a number of variables, but they all revolve around a fairly narrow slice of these advantage communities that is very concerning.","Chief Flynn, not so long ago, you were getting credit for a low homicide rate. What changed?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  can be interpreted as a way to ask for an explanation for the sudden increase in homicides, not just a question about what has happened.","questions":"What does turn 3 imply?","answer":"increase"}
{"text":["Can I ask you, has your shop - your restaurant, which is very well known here, helped you in your endeavor?Do people walk in to give you tips, try and contact you through that?","You know, I'm not talking about this, really, to people because it probably would seem like I have a tin foil hat on my head until (laughter) - I don't know - you realize with a lot of people, I think that you think that there may be conspiracy theorists on Twitter or whatever. And then you realize, like, sometimes the conspiracy theorists are right.","Jeff Jetton, thank you so much for being with us.","Absolutely. Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : You know, I'm not talking about this, really, to people because it probably would seem like I have a tin foil hat on my head until (laughter) - I don't know - you realize with a lot of people, I think that you think that there may be conspiracy theorists on Twitter or whatever. And then you realize, like, sometimes the conspiracy theorists are right.  The actual meaning of this turn is different from its literal meaning. The speaker is not talking about wearing a tin foil hat literally. Instead, they are referring to the perception that people may have of them being paranoid or overly skeptical if they share their beliefs about conspiracy theories. The speaker then goes on to express that some conspiracy theories, which are often dismissed by people, may have some truth to them.","questions":"How would you describe the PersonA's perception of conspiracy theorists?","answer":"Paranoid"}
{"text":["This is WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. I'm Scott Simon. Hillary Clinton is drawing more attention right now for the foundation that bears her family's name than her run for president. Clinton Foundation is under scrutiny for contributions from foreign donors that were made while Mrs.  Clinton was Secretary of State. During that time, a Canadian mining financier donated millions of dollars to the Clinton Foundation. He also secured a lucrative mining deal that required approval of the State Department while Hillary Clinton was Secretary of State. Joshua Green of Bloomberg News joins us in our studios. Thanks very much for being with us.","Good to be with you.","These connections were first unearthed, to my knowledge, by Peter Schweizer, who wrote the book that's coming out next week, \"Clinton Cash. \"The New York Times has been advancing the story. You certainly have at Bloomberg News. Give us, if you could, a quick picture about what's known about the relationship between the Clinton's and this Canadian business person.","Well, Frank Giustra is his name. I interviewed him about a week or so ago. And he explained to me he met Bill Clinton at a fundraiser for tsunami victims. He was dazzled by him, was invited to become involved in his charities and has in a very big way - not only pledging or giving tens of millions of dollars but also pledging half the profits of his mining company in perpetuity to the Clinton Foundation. He landed on the board of the Clinton Foundation and actually started up the Canadian wing, something called the Clinton-Giustra Enterprise Partnership."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : to me he met Bill Clinton at a fundraiser for tsunami victims = imply that Giustra has a close relationship with Clinton and was invited to become involved in his charities.","questions":"How did Giustra become involved in Clinton's charities?","answer":"Fundraiser"}
{"text":["So along the way, you met a lot of interesting characters. And I want to particularly talk about a sommelier named Morgan Harris. He plays a big role. He's kind of like your wine shepherd. Tell us a little bit about him.","Ah, my wine fairy godmother. I mean, he's just amazing. He was my - he was really my mentor. He had this magnetic passion for wine. I mean, the first time I met him, I basically sat through a 2. 5-hour monologue that was an ode to everything from the great Rieslings of the early 20th century to the $1,200 bottle of champagne he thought would be a religious experience.","So this is a question - because he is this sort of wine evangelist if you will, he believes wines can recontextualize people's places in the universe. First of all, what does that mean?","And second of all - I mean, do you think that wine really has the power that he says it does?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"do you think that wine really has the power that he says it does?\" Here, the speaker is using the figurative expression \"the power that he says it does\" to refer to the transformative and meaningful impact of wine that Morgan Harris believes in. The literal meaning of \"the power that he says it does\" would be related to a concrete or tangible capability or function of something.","questions":"How does the speaker interpret \"the power that he says it does\"?","answer":"Meaningful"}
{"text":["Right.","You know, she said, he's sort of Ralph Lauren type. Do you like that type?And here I am thinking, like, God, no.","What did she ask you to do?","She didn't tell me to do anything. She just said, just do whatever he asks, and you'll be fine. And again, that's another comment that was made as we were leaving the car as we walked into the house that didn't land right away. But obviously, in hindsight now, that - the comment, you know, landed pretty hard with me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The comment made by 'she' had a significant impact on A","questions":"How did the comment made by \"she\" affect A?","answer":"Significant"}
{"text":["Then, Francisco Lopez fired back with this. (Reading) Socialist, how interesting that we would call policies to get us out of the economic hole that when the political thought of the last 30 years has simply been welfare for the rich.","Then Qwende Madu(ph) chimed in with this. (Reading) Pure Republican haberdash. The government didn't require banks to make bad loans. They did so of their own accord. Furthermore, the stimulus package is not meant to replace private investment but is the last resort meant to show entrepreneurs that the economy is still viable.","And Walter Groppe(ph) has cheered our guest with this remarks. (Reading) Government got us into this mess. That means, Democrats and Republicans should they be trying to get us out of it?No, the government needs to sit down, shut up and learn.","Now, moving on to another story. Ann Powers(ph) in St.  Louise, Missouri wrote us after she heard us replay a Roundtable with African-American mystery authors."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The policies would make drastic changes for the better to the economy.","questions":"How did Francisco Lopez describe the political thought of the last 30 years?","answer":"Welfare"}
{"text":["Now we'd like to meet one of the country's newly minted geniuses. We're talking, of course, about the latest recipients of a MacArthur Fellowship. People often call them Genius Grants. The fellowship awards $625,000 over five years to people working in any field who show extraordinary originality in their creative pursuits, no strings attached. One of the prizes went to attorney sujatha baliga. She spent much of her professional life studying and advocating for the use of restorative justice. That's a way of approaching a crime or an incident of wrongdoing with a goal of finding a resolution that centers healing for everyone involved, including the person who committed the crime or offense. And sujatha baliga is with us now from San Francisco. Welcome. Thank you so much for joining us. Congratulations.","Thank you so much. Such a joy to be on your show today.","I do want a mention that the MacArthur Foundation, who awards the Genius Grant, is among NPR's financial supporters. With that being said, you know I'm going to ask you what it was like to get that phone call. Where were you?What were you doing?","So here's the thing. I think I'm in a different situation than some of the other fellows because I had had this opportunity to bump into the director of the program in April. And she'd given me her card and asked me to be in touch about people who I really respected in my field. And so I was thinking, it was this amazing opportunity to lift up the names of people who are working to end mass criminalization or people who I've respected for decades, to try to get their names into her ear."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : To bring recognition to several people in the field.","questions":"What was the purpose of the opportunity that the director of the program gave to the speaker in April?","answer":"recognition"}
{"text":["Hate is the easier part. I hate being away from my kids and my family. That's really tough to be gone as much as I am. And I love to play live for people. I love to see people, you know, enjoy themselves and enjoy music. And when it's my music it's even better.","What do you think is going to happen to art as we go through these tough times?","Oh, I think art will survive. During these times, movies and music don't seem to suffer that much because, I mean, music gets you through all this stuff.","And where are you headed next?I mean, in terms of creatively. Are you going to go back and make another country album?I mean, what do you think - besides touring, which I know you are. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Despite tough times, art will survive and music helps people cope.","questions":"How does music help people during tough times?","answer":"Cope"}
{"text":["Ibiza being the Spanish island where this video was filmed.","Exactly - just blathering on and on to a Russian woman who they believed was the niece of a prominent Russian oligarch.","And I'll just insert here that I have not had the opportunity to verify exactly what is being documented on this video. But what it has done is raise all of these questions in Austria about the extent of Russian influence in Austrian politics. Is that right?","Absolutely. And, I mean, it's funny because these are actually fake Russians. This is - these are not necessarily people that were sent from the Kremlin. We don't really know the provenance of the video. Some people believe it's an activist collective. Other people are speculating that some secret services of various countries were involved. But the most important thing to say is that Vice Chancellor Strache hasn't denied any of the assertions.","Right. Well, let me insert a practical question here. Where does this leave the government of Austria?Who's in charge today?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The video raised questions about the extent of Russian influence in Austrian politics","questions":"How did the video impact Austrian politics?","answer":"Russian"}
{"text":["It's necessary because of the drop in consumption.","When the government is spending over $150 billion on a stimulus bill like this, will that have a long run effect on how every person gets a check has to pay out their taxes in the future, has to deal with the realities of how much service the federal government can give in the future?I mean, will there be a sort of back-end re-tax for people who might get a cut in the short run?","I wouldn't put it that way. The problem is in the short run will people be much worse off and will they be able to recover from that?Because during a recession it's not unusual for families to lose two or three percent of their income. So the issue is do you want to lose that two or three percent because in the future you don't want to get a tiny tax increase to balance the budget.","So I think you have to think about what's the potential loss in income, which can be huge if we have a severe recession, or even a mild recession like the one we had in 2001."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The long-term effects of the government's stimulus bill on taxes and services are a concern.","questions":"How are taxes affected?","answer":"Affected"}
{"text":["And one more email.","And one more email, yeah. And it was quite literally the last email that I opened. And the email said, basically, Dear, Mr.  Feuer. Ever since I saw your story on the other Alan Feuer one year ago, I've been meaning to get in touch with you. I didn't want to do so while Alan was alive. Now, that he has passed away, would you like to know the truth about his background?","Well, you know, she - this woman who was, in fact, Alan's step niece. So, you know, imagine a, you know, a niece coming in by second marriage essentially. She went on to kind of flash out the family relationships, and she told me that while this life of grand society that I, in fact, had witnessed myself was absolutely true, the sort of back story that Alan had held up - Austrian blue blood, you know, mother live too long - all these stuff was, in fact, not true. And she said that, you know, if I wanted to get in touch with her, she would tell me, in fact, what the truth was. So I got in touch with her.","And this is a story of a man not from Austria but, in fact, born in Brooklyn and raised in Westchester?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The story of Alan's life is not as it was originally portrayed.","questions":"What is the truth about Alan's background?","answer":"NotTrue"}
{"text":["He wanted two basic political reforms. The major one is called open primary electoral system. And essentially, what that means, instead of having Democrats run against Democrats and Republicans against Republicans in primary elections in the state, you would throw all of them into the mix and the top two vote-getters would advance to the general election. And the idea, if you believe proponents, is that it would allow kind of more moderate candidates to survive what are now hardest in the primary election. Instead, that you'll be catering to kind of a more moderate, wider electorate in the primary.","So, finally there is a budget. How has Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger reacted to this?","He hasn't said a whole lot yet, but his - I know that his staff is celebrating. This is a huge win for the governor. The framework is essentially what he's been calling for, for months. He's been urging both political parties to come out of their ideological corners. This has been his calling card for the past year, and if you look at the outline that he unveiled three months ago, this budget blueprint is essentially everything that he asked for. It's a major win for the governor.","And in his latest version of the budget, who were the big winners and losers?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger is happy with the budget agreement.","questions":"Which political figure is pleased with the budget agreement?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["That may be the case, but - I don't have foresight in the future, that could very well be the case. But what we do know now is that there has been a precipitous decline in Harlem's black population. And that decline has taken place over the past two decades, and the main issue has been one of affordability as it is in other inner-city areas - inner-cities across the country. Harlem just mirrors that.","Let me return to one point that you made in terms of certain historical facts. About Harlem never having been a black community, or even built by blacks. Well I beg to differ with that. And Ms.  Suggs really does not have a grasp on her history. We know from the 1600s that the Dutch arrived in Harlem with slaves who helped to build Harlem. That is from the 1600s because we know about the Harlem Reform Church of the 1600s. And just recently, because of the 125th Street rezoning - a major public policy issue that will change the physical landscape of Harlem - we have in one of the public-mandated environmental impact statement the acknowledgment of an African burial ground which is at 125th Street east of Second Avenue from the 1600s.","So blacks have always had a presence in Harlem. They built Harlem, and so their investment - the historical investment - of blacks in Harlem certainly did not begin with the great migration or the Harlem Renaissance. Blacks' presence in Harlem, their - the building of Harlem certainly precedes that and into the 1600s.","Here's my final question. I have less than a minute for your answer. When a neighborhood gentrifies and it becomes more mixed racially and class-wise, is this more about race or about class?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Blacks have had a historical investment in Harlem since the 1600s, predating the Harlem Renaissance and great migration","questions":"Which historical event predated blacks' investment in Harlem?","answer":"Stimulus"}
{"text":["Well, we approach this as sort of a three-front challenge. We changed policy in this state last year. Seven bills were passed that give us more control over prescribing. It gives law enforcement more authority over pills coming into the state. This litigation is going to give us money to deal with the epidemic. And lastly, when we identify prescribers who are being reckless with their patients. . .","OK.",". . . Or running pill mills, we're prosecuting them.","All right. That's Oklahoma State Attorney General Mike Hunter."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : We are taking strict actions against irresponsible prescribers.","questions":"Which challenge are they approaching as a three-front challenge?","answer":"Opioid-epidemic"}
{"text":["I want to get into one other really fascinating part because we're running out of time, and that's is when you did this preliminary work in mice before you did it in humans, you used nanoparticles instead of white blood cells.","Well, we used both, actually. We developed over many years the use of the white blood cells as carriers for the antigens to knock down the autoimmune response. But more recently, we used nanoparticles that we think are surrogates of these apoptotic white blood cells. So they actually have the same efficacy in mouse models of both preventing and treating animal models of multiple sclerosis.","The advantage, of course, being that these nanoparticles can be manufactured under FDA-approved conditions and can be pulled off the shelf, the therapy is less intrusive than withdrawing, you know, billions of cells from a patient and manipulating them in a blood bag and re-introducing them.","So when do we get to a human trial of whether your technique works, in this phase two where you actually. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : nanoparticles can be easily kept on hand and accessed quickly when needed","questions":"How are nanoparticles advantageous in comparison to using white blood cells in terms of availability?","answer":"Availability"}
{"text":["Yes. Launch is tomorrow at 4:55 AM Cape Canaveral time, which is where the rocket launches from, or, say, 1:55 AM California time. I'll actually be here in California at SpaceX headquarters at mission control. And so we have launch control at Cape Canaveral, and we've got mission control here at headquarters in California. So for the first nine minutes or so, the rocket will be ascending and delivering the Dragon spacecraft to orbit. And then the Dragon spacecraft will separate from the rocket and then - and begin orbital phasing with the space station, which will take a few days.","Then we're going to do, essentially, a flyby at the space station. Now, something that's important to appreciate is that the space station is actually zooming around the Earth at 17,000 miles an hour. People sort of think it's just sort of up there and stationary, but it's zipping around the Earth at - it actually completes an orbit of the Earth every 19 minutes. So you can think of this like you're trying to synchronize speed with something that's going 12 times faster than a bullet from an assault rifle.","And we've got to match the space station. As the space station makes more movements in its orbit, we've got to track those movements exactly. So we'll do a wide loop around the space station, establish communication - a communication link with the space station, have our docking sensors lock on and then the spacecraft actually plots an approach vector and will go in and pause at various points before finally going into dock with the space station.","And what time into the mission will it actually dock?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The launch is a complex and difficult task that requires precise coordination between multiple sites.","questions":"What is the nature of the launch?","answer":"Launch"}
{"text":["I got a glance over the weekend, and the sky was beautifully blue. I mean, really, it was wonderful. And the air pollution index for that day was exceedingly low. Also, it was like 17. That's lowest since I've been keeping track.","This, I think, has to do with changes in weather patterns that appeared to start somewhere in the first week of August. The arrival of rainfall and winds from the northeast and form the northwest, which would bring in cleaner air, and in particular lack of strong winds from the south that would bring up the heavy levels of pollution.","Yet, you've said earlier that the air pollution in Beijing mostly blows in from elsewhere. So these steps that the city officials have taken in recent months with changing traffic patterns and closing factories, really, that's not a factor here?","Well, you know, I've been looking at the day they very carefully tried to decide what is really going on this summer. We know that the controls did something. It's just that I, at least, am unable to pick out their effects in the data so far."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"blows in from elsewhere\" means \"originates from other regions\" rather than \"physically blows in from other regions\"","questions":"Which direction do the winds need to blow from to bring in cleaner air according to PersonA in turn 1?","answer":"Northeast"}
{"text":["Say that you're 80. . .","OK.","What's Sommore going to be like?","I would probably be like Peg Bundy."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : B is asking about your age, not your grade.","questions":"What is PersonB referring to when they ask about \"Sommore\"?","answer":"Sommore"}
{"text":["You know, I give him mixed reviews. I knew Daniel Hahn prior to him becoming chief. I am a former high school teacher. And I worked hand in hand with the police department. And in working with him, I truly, truly believed that he has a good heart and good intentions. But now that he's the chief of police, we have to hold him to the line of accountability and transparency.","Sonia, Stephon's death is the latest of several fatal shootings of black men by police across the country. And some of these killings are not well-known. But they're still happening. What do you feel needs to be done to address this?","You know, I'm of the mind set that our whole policing system needs to be dismantled and abolished. And we need to start over.","And what would that look like?","What that looks like here in Sacramento - what we have done successfully as a BLM organization is we've created community resources, alternatives to police. We have resources in the community that if this were to happen, call these people instead of calling the police.","Some of the protests that have been happening since Stephon was killed have been marches and protests that have filled streets and blocked traffic. Some protests blocked basketball fans from entering a sports arena. How far should the protests go?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Advocating for abolishing the police department and starting over","questions":"What is the PersonA's proposed solution for the policing system?","answer":"Alternatives"}
{"text":["I think it's a story that can stick with you for many different reasons. If you leave a film, if you put down a book, and there is something that you didn't know before or something that has informed you about the world you live in that you care about but you didn't know before - if you can walk away from any kind of story with that, I think that's the goal of storytelling. I believe this is a film that does that.","And so that's what I love about this film - is it really has moved people. And it's become more, I think, socially important today than it was when we made it. There's been a lot more attention being given to Indigenous and Native American people within our country since we made the film. And there is also this whole epidemic that every day, we're learning more about men in power and sexual assault. And those are what this film is about in a very specific story.","Elizabeth Olson, speaking with us from Atlanta. Thanks so much for being with us.","Thanks for having me."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker is hinting at something indirectly and expects the listener to read between the lines.","questions":"How would you describe the PersonA's intentions in turn 2?","answer":"Indirect"}
{"text":["They do, but they won't help much in this case. There's a type of snail that eats them that unfortunately is also popular in the curio trade, but their numbers were never huge. There's some - actually some very small shrimp that will eat them, but, you know, there's only so much they can do.","When you have these outbreaks, the numbers of starfish are so much that it's beyond what any of their predators can do anything about.","And these are not your run-of-the-mill, see-them-on-the-beach five-legged starfish, are they?","No, no, I mean, they look like monsters. If you wanted to - you know, if you were to blow one of these things up really big, you could use it in a sci-fi movie."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : look like monsters implies they're very ugly and having a look similar to monster, not referring to looking  or gazing the same way monster do","questions":"How would you describe the appearance of the starfish according to PersonA's statement in turn 3?","answer":"Ugly"}
{"text":["But in addition to that, that same instrument can actually also just suck in Mars atmosphere and can look for methane. And methane is definitely something that we think is primarily associated with biological sources, obviously here on the Earth.","There are some ways in which methane can be created without, you know, living organisms, and so we need to be able to differentiate between the two. But yeah, Mars, there have been investigations done from here on the Earth where we're looking through telescopes at Mars, and we see indications of methane.","And I think hopefully, like I said in the first, next few days, we'll begin to at least see whether or not we can detect similar things.","You know, when you touched down, there were people who were talking about gee, this looks just like the Southwest, down in the desert there. Can you smell it, as if it might be the Southwest?Is there any way to say gee, it smells like the Southwest?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Can you smell\" implies that there is no similarity between gee and southwest.","questions":"What does turn 3 imply about the similarity between the landing site and the Southwest?","answer":"No"}
{"text":["So from your teens into your 40s, you become an increasingly successful auto repair entrepreneur and businessman. What makes you, in your 40s, wind up in medical school?","I really wanted to grow the business or - I didn't really know exactly which direction I wanted to go into, but I felt like I needed some foundational training in business if I were to do this correctly. So I ended up checking out some local colleges to see who had a degree program and came across Ursuline College in Pepper Pike.","But it was while I was at Ursuline that I discovered my desire for medicine that came back from how I felt when I was a child. And it was during a biology class. And it was the first day of class when I walked in there, in the first hour, that my life changed.","How?What happened?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : wind up means to suddenly be in a situation.","questions":"Which word can be used to describe how PersonA felt during a biology class?","answer":"Changed"}
{"text":["You have done so many different types of music. You have done the Monkeys, you know. What's coming up next for you?I don't know if you've already started work on another album or thought about it, but what direction do you think you're heading in next?","I have no idea. I really don't. I'm still very much inside of this project because you don't leave it just because you finish recording it. You have to begin to think about how to create the live performance of it. So that's a whole other dimension. And so you have to live with this music.","And I always say that the music always ends up so much broader than what you have on the recording because the recording represents the beginning. And once you go out on the road and you play it, and of course, each night, you're going to try to do something different with it, so it just grows and grows and grows until it's time for the next project.","Well, Cassandra Wilson, thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B is still immersed in the current project and hasn't thought about the next one yet.","questions":"Which musician is still focused on their current project?","answer":"musician"}
{"text":["For the last 40, 50 years, the education system has been translated into industry worker-producing system at high end, also, at low end, also. So - and that education system is becoming a reason to be tensed about the examinations themselves, the jobs, the admissions to the higher education classes, and every student was almost dying to get at the top positions. So all this was creating a lot of problem. So that's why we are not touching right now at graduation level; we are just touching about the bottom level - that is, starting from nursery classes to grade 8.","Minister Sisodia, who teaches a happiness class?","So there are 20,000 teachers that we have trained so far to take these classes, and they're taking these classes daily. This is 35-minute class, every day, first half of the morning. One class is for happiness class.","I have to ask, has any teacher said to you, if you want me to teach a happiness class, pay me more?That'll make me happy."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The education system is not working properly and is causing a lot of stress for students.","questions":"Which class is taught for 35 minutes every day in the first half of the morning?","answer":"Happiness"}
{"text":["And so the children - we have 9,000 children in freedom schools around the country, but many of them are going to go out tomorrow, including Washington, D. C.  and then their state capitals and go see their senators and congressmen and say it is time to cover every child. Not some. God did not make two classes of children.","Tell me about tomorrow's day of social action. What specifically is it going to look like and where is it going to be?","Tomorrow is a civic participation day, they will be going to see their senators and congressmen and others. March into their offices and saying that it is time for every child to have healthcare. All should have the same benefits. All should be able be born with good healthcare.","They are going to tell them how upset they are that children died last year from dental abscesses that just didn't get treatment because children fell through the bureaucratic cracks. And while all of us at the Children's Defense Fund want universal coverage for everybody in America, which is long overdue, children can't wait while we debate for another two, three, four, five, 10 years, for universal coverage for everybody. And so next year they're going to be considering again the funding for the Child Health Insurance Program, but we want to make sure that any consideration of that program will say we're going to cover every child. Right now."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The civic participation day involves marching to senators' offices and demanding that every child should have access to healthcare, regardless of class or social status.","questions":"Which bureaucratic cracks caused children to die from dental abscesses?","answer":"Healthcare"}
{"text":["Hello.","Hello.","Now, the New York Times report that described your resignation in 1995 said that sources at the time said you had aroused opposition with your, quote, \"emphasis on reshaping Planned Parenthood into a broad health organization that could compete in the era of managed care\" - a focus that some of the group's affiliates felt would inevitably diminish their role as advocates for abortion rights and low-income women's access to health care.","Now, this week, in a letter explaining her ouster from Planned Parenthood, Dr.  Leana Wen said she had come to the organization to work on a broad range of health care issues but that, quote, \"the new board leadership has determined that the priority of Planned Parenthood moving forward is to double down on abortion rights advocacy. \"She's also said in an op-ed for The New York Times that she wanted to depoliticize abortion but that her approach seemed at odds with the direction the board wanted to go. What does this say about the trajectory of not just Planned Parenthood but also the abortion rights movement?","Certainly everybody would agree that reproductive rights are hanging the balance right now. It's a tough time, and there are two schools of thought. I think that the leadership at Planned Parenthood has to do what it thinks is right. I don't think there's a right or wrong. For my part, I would do what I did, you know, last time around."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The leadership of Planned Parenthood is focusing on abortion rights advocacy instead of a broad range of health care issues.","questions":"How is Planned Parenthood prioritizing their efforts?","answer":"Abortion"}
{"text":["And a note, yesterday, on Weekend Edition Saturday, it was implied that WikiLeaks was the first to post the Macron documents. That's incorrect. For its part, WikiLeaks says it's trying to confirm their authenticity. To Nigeria next, where the government says Boko Haram has released 82 of the missing schoolgirls the group seized in a mass abduction three years ago. That kidnapping prompted global indignation and the creation of the high-profile Bring Back Our Girls campaign. NPR's Africa correspondent, Ofeibea Quist-Arcton is monitoring developments from Accra. Good morning.","Greetings.","Ofeibea, what more do you know?","President Muhammadu Buhari's spokesman has said that the release of these girls happened after mediation by the Swiss government and the International Red Cross. And it was like a prisoner swap, Lulu, because, apparently, Boko Haram detainees have been released. The presidential spokesman did not say how many but indicated that negotiations are continuing as the government has been saying over recent weeks."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : WikiLeaks may not have been the first to post the Macron documents, but they are attempting to verify their authenticity.","questions":"What was WikiLeaks trying to do with the Macron documents?","answer":"Misrepresent"}
{"text":["And what about men?After all, they groom too, especially their beards. So, they need tables of their own. Well, these vanities aren't really tables. Men stood to shave at narrow cabinets with stacks of drawers for their grooming supplies. One glossy modern piece caught my eye.","It's red and it's plastic by Raymond Loewy. The design date is 1969. It was manufactured and he made variations on the theme. But this is the men's shaving stand. And as you see, there's no place to sit. So, he combined sort of the historical idea of men's dressing tables with new contemporary materials, the molded plastic. He has no handles, but the grips on the drawers come out of the molded plastic. And the mirror, again, pops up. When you pull it down, it looks like just one closed cabinet. But in fact it's a men's shaving stand.","What is it, do you think, in the human psyche that we - so many of us - I mean, look at the human history that's shown here in this exhibit - need to look at ourselves, at least for a time, to begin the day?","It is inexplicable, it's innate. It's something in our gene pool. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) \"What is it, do you think, in the human psyche that we - so many of us - I mean, look at the human history that's shown here in this exhibit - need to look at ourselves, at least for a time, to begin the day?\"","questions":"Which exhibit?","answer":"None."}
{"text":["Like what?","Well, one of the first that we did was a tomb that the University of Pennsylvania museum excavated in central Turkey, which is believed to be either the tomb of Midas or his father, Gordias, west of Ankara. And it was done by the museum back in 1957 and had one of the largest Iron Age drinking sets in it that the excavators had the foresight to bring the residues in the drinking set back here to Philadelphia.","And it was one of the easiest excavations I was ever on. I just had to walk up two flights of stairs, gather up the residues, and then we started doing our analysis.","So you take the dregs, so to speak, out of the amphora - the jugs, and you bring it back to the lab, and. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : You take the unimportant things out of something beautiful and bring them to the lab.","questions":"How would you describe the things taken out from something beautiful?","answer":"Unimportant"}
{"text":["Great to be here as well.","So let's start with the most recent news. This past Friday, the Supreme Court agreed to hear an abortion case out of Louisiana. Can you just briefly explain the central issue in the case and why this is so significant?","Louisiana had passed a statute that required doctors to have admitting privileges before they could perform abortions. And that would result in virtually no abortion facilities in the state. It's similar to what Texas attempted to do several years ago, and the Supreme Court struck down that law in 2016. But this time, the federal appeals court for Louisiana has upheld the law, and the court was sort of forced to take the case.","The question I think for people who both support abortion rights and expansive abortion rights and those who oppose them is whether the court will turn over the precedent set in Roe v.  Wade. Is this case a case that could do that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The question is whether the Court will redo the case of Roe v. Wade and change the outcome of it.","questions":"How is Roe v. Wade at risk in this case?","answer":"Risk"}
{"text":["I don't think about what they don't have. I don't think in those terms. But for me, you know, I was not only the Budget Committee chairman and the chief architect of the '97 agreement where we balanced the budget for the first time since we walked on the moon and had big surpluses, but I also served on the Armed Services Committee, so I was deeply engaged in national security policy. And my private sector experience was invaluable. And now I am an executive of, you know, one of the most important states in America. I don't mean just politically, but economically. And no matter who you are - drug addicted, mentally ill, working poor, autistic, disabled, minority - you're all in the Ohio family. Everybody should have a chance to rise. That's our philosophy in Ohio and that's my philosophy for America.","Do you want to overturn the Affordable Care Act?","I'd like to replace it with a health care system that would be market-driven, that would begin to shift us to quality-based health care rather than quantity-based health care. In other words, with the primary care doctor being the shepherd to shepherd us through our health care needs, with insurance companies and hospitals working together to share profits, to share the gains they make by keeping people healthy rather than treating them on the basis of how they're sick.","It's often pointed out that you use the Affordable Care Act law to expand Medicaid coverage in Ohio. Does that suggest to you that the law known as Obamacare has helped people?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The implied meaning of the speaker's response to the question of overturning the Affordable Care Act is that they don't only want to do away with it, but also to replace it with something better.","questions":"Which healthcare system does the speaker want to implement instead of the Affordable Care Act?","answer":"Quality-based"}
{"text":["Yeah, yeah. Hopefully, you know?So whereas in America, you know, you sort of smoothed the edges and you've just put, you know, you've put makeup on. That's what you've done. We're still in the very, you know, you still see all of our imperfections. Whereas in America you try to put a lot of makeup, but the imperfections are still there. And I find that that's the most interesting thing for me.","The changes that we've seen in South Africa over those 17 years are little short of phenomenal.","Yes. It's been amazing. It was a bloodless revolution, you know, because the difference has been - in America, black people have been fighting for their freedom and for their identity and so on, but as a minority. In South Africa, you had a white majority rule, ruling over \u2014 I mean, this is Africa. This is the home of black. It was the black factory. So I mean this is, you know, it was a very different story and never before has there been a bloodless revolution in Africa.","Is there much of a tradition of comedy in South Africa, particularly tweaking the powers that be?You don't think of John Vorster. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is expressing amazement at the significant changes that have occurred in South Africa over the past 17 years. Implicated meaning: The speaker believes that the changes in South Africa have been remarkable and noteworthy.","questions":"Which word describes the PersonA's opinion of the changes in South Africa?","answer":"Remarkable"}
{"text":["Well, it's unclear. But at least the Department of Health and Human Services is saying that the Affordable Care Act will stand as this works its way through courts. And the funny thing is today is the final day for. . .","Yes.",". . . Open enrollment for next year for people to get insurance. And on the website healthcare. gov, there's actually a banner that says, this decision doesn't change open enrollment for now.","What about political repercussions?","And that's a more complicated thing."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The court case has not affected the open enrollment period","questions":"What does the banner on healthcare.gov say about the court case?","answer":"Doesn't"}
{"text":["Give us a call, our number 1-800-989-8255. You can also tweet us @scifri. Gerald Crabtree is the David Korn Professor of Pathology and Developmental Biology at Stanford School of Medicine. He's also an investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY.","Good morning, Ira.","Good morning to you. What evidence do you cite?What evidence is there that human intelligence is slowly declining?","Well, you know, there are a few things I'd like to say I guess at the onset, and you referred to them in your introduction, and that is any genetically based decay in intelligence is extremely slow. And so we should never be able to detect it by comparisons to people within generations existing right now on the Earth."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : What evidence do you have for human intelligence decline?","questions":"What is the profession of Gerald Crabtree?","answer":"Pathology"}
{"text":["Do you remember that question about any practical applications?And what did you say?Do you remember what you said?","Yeah, I said practical applications are science fiction, that we just can't make enough antimatter to be useful. It would take longer than the age of the universe to accumulate macroscopic amounts of antimatter to make a weapon or a rocket fuel or something like that. So this is really pure research, right?We're looking at, you know, one or few atoms at a time. There's 10 to the 24th atoms in a macroscopic amount of hydrogen or antihydrogen, so we're just nowhere near there. But it's still a lot of fun.","Yeah. So the answer to the question of a practical application is still absolutely no.","Yeah, nothing has changed there and. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : He said that practical applications are things a person would only find in science fiction novels and shows. It can not be done in reality.","questions":"How did PersonA describe practical applications?","answer":"Science"}
{"text":["So what do these numbers here in Southern California, what does that mean for the rest of the country?","You know the other kind of metro coastal areas are following a pretty similar pattern. But you know places like Charlotte, North Carolina haven't - places that haven't had the kind of run up that we had in the hot spots probably aren't seeing as large declines because they don't have this part of fall. But the real sort of disaster areas are California and Nevada, Arizona, Florida. You know, New York City has had great appreciation and hasn't seen the large declines now. So that sort of the one the economists are watching next to see, you know, if New York's bubble is - which is sort of been slowly deflating is really going to have a big burst at some point.","Foreclosure seems to be playing a big role in all of this. A new study came out yesterday from the company Realty Track showing that across the country fewer Americans are thinking about buying a foreclosed home. So what might be the effect of this?","Here in southern California people are buying foreclosed homes, especially ones that are sort of decent quality.","I understand that you are currently speaking to us from a home that was foreclosed on. Can you tell us a little about your situation there?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Foreclosure is having a big impact on the current situation.","questions":"Which factor is significantly affecting the current situation?","answer":"Foreclosure"}
{"text":["Struggling yes, and because our ballots were delivered late this time. There was a delay in approval from the State Board of Elections which affected everybody in the state really. Consequently, the printer had to work all weekend to get the absentee ballots to us and he walked in about two o'clock yesterday afternoon. So then of course we had three volunteers yesterday afternoon folding those eight and a half by fourteen ballots and putting them in the - in a sealed envelope that then goes in the pack that we had previously prepared.","We've been hearing that there is a big increase in the number of people who want to vote early this year about a third of all voters nationwide. Are you seeing that where you are, an increase?","Well we don't have early voting in Virginia in the same sense that North Carolina for instance does. In Virginia you have to have a reason, one of the reasons listed on the absentee application for needing to vote absentee.","What are those reasons?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In Virginia, it is difficult to vote early without a valid reason","questions":"How is early voting in Virginia?","answer":"Difficult"}
{"text":["Well, most of them are against the government, so many of them see even public health workers as the enemy since they work for the government. And every time there are clashes with the police or with government soldiers, you know, health workers have to wait a day or two or even more for them to get into these villages or territories to treat the people.","Yeah. You know, what struck me when I was reading your article was that the health officials actually think that this outbreak is made much worse because of these militias. It's almost like they've created the problem.","Absolutely. Because every, you know, day or hour of delay, there is the possibility that the virus will spread to someone else and then spreads to the entire village. And that could, you know, spread very dramatically.","So tell us a little bit more. You know, there are also experimental treatments. What kind of progress has been made there?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The militias have amplified the outbreak of the virus by delaying healthcare workers from reaching affected areas.","questions":"How have the militias affected the outbreak?","answer":"Delay"}
{"text":["My parents are fine. My mom evacuated as soon as they got notice. My dad required an assisted evacuation. He actually ended up being rescued by a community service worker up there. He was trying to get out of Paradise on his motorized chair. He saw the community service worker, who managed to get him in the truck. And they escaped to the fire station using a hiking trail, actually.","I assume if he could call you, he would, right?","Paradise is a retirement community. A majority of the population lives on a fixed income, including my uncle. He did not have a cellphone. He only had the landline. He didn't use social media.","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Despite the difficult situation, A's parents are okay","questions":"Which community was affected by the fire mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"paradise"}
{"text":["And so having helped quietly and not so subtly to engineer his appearance and his victory as the GOP nominee, she then came yesterday as all of these Republicans were trying to get him off the ticket and saying, no, no, no, the voters of the state have spoken. Of course it would be terrible. There would be a terrible backlash if he were to be pushed off the ticket by these outside forces. So if you're an outsider, like me, you just - and a political observer, you really just have to giggle at this process.","Because Senator McCaskill is clearly hoping to keep the weakest possible candidate in the race.","Well, she's simultaneously making the argument, look, this just proves that we can't risk having this guy representing us in the United States Senate and saying - but he must stay on the ticket because I want to run against him.","As you pointed out in your piece, this was a tactic that Harry Reid, the Democratic leader in the United States Senate, used in Nevada earlier when he got the - was extremely fortunate to run against Sharron Angle."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A implies that the process of political maneuvering can be absurd and comical to an outside observer.","questions":"Which process can be absurd and comical to an outside observer?","answer":"Process"}
{"text":["Out of respect, I don't want to go there, out of curiosity I do.","How much are you willing to tell us about how your innocence was stolen from you?","Well, growing up in a Christian family, you would have thought what happened to me would never happen because my mother loved me and she was very much aware of who I am, but I was a very mature little girl. And at 14, I was allowed to have a crush on a man who was 21. And because he was worldly, and had money, and he'd been in the Navy, you know, and I was, like, all little girls seek older men and we go, Oh my God, he's so cute. Oh my God, oh my God, oh my God.","Well, somehow in there my father wasn't watching, my mother was watching very closely and thought she could handle the situation and she allowed this relationship to happen. It should not have happened. I should not have been allowed to date a man, it made me have insecurities at an early age that I should never have had, but a man who could manipulate a little girl's mind and her heart. He was allowed to do things he shouldn't have done."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A had an inappropriate relationship with an older man at a young age.","questions":"How was PersonA's relationship with the older man?","answer":"Inappropriate"}
{"text":["Well, in its basic form, it's an envelope that's been postmarked on a specific day - usually to commemorate an event - and then was signed by the crew. But why is it called an insurance cover is because it sort of served as a form of insurance. The Apollo 11 crew was the first to fly to the moon, and they didn't know if they were going to make it back. They had a meager personal insurance policy to protect their families, but to augment that they autographed these envelopes in the case that they couldn't return from the moon then their families could sell these, what would be, rare collectibles to augment whatever money they received from insurance.","And, of course, it's for a good cause in this case. It's not just that somebody needed the money.","Indeed, Rick Armstrong, one of Neil's sons, donated this to the Astronaut Scholarship Foundation so it's come somewhat full circle. The original purpose of this cover was to provide for the family and now the family is providing for the next astronauts.","And there is something that went to space, which is going to be auctioned off next week, isn't that right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"but to augment that they autographed these envelopes\" - The crew did not actually sign the envelopes to increase the value of their insurance policy, but rather as a way to provide their families with a means of financial support in case they did not return from the moon.","questions":"How did the crew sign the envelopes?","answer":"Autographed"}
{"text":["I was going to ask you about that. The Senate has changed hands, but they have a few weeks. Sometimes the president does get lame-duck nominations.","It's possible. The White House is telling me they're not going to push or jam her through. They think Loretta Lynch is so noncontroversial that there is a chance the Senate will take her up in the next few weeks before the Christmas holiday. But more likely, they could start the process with Democrats in control. Pat Leahy, the chairman of the Judiciary Committee now, a Democrat from Vermont, could start the process. And then the nomination would continue into the new Congress. That's what happened with the John Ashcroft nomination to lead the Justice Department in the Bush years.","Well, now, as we note, she's not the first woman to head the Justice Department. That was Janet Reno in the Clinton Administration. Is she going to be the same kind of figure that Janet Reno was?Janet Reno was very separate from President Clinton, unlike most attorneys general.","Well, this is an important point, Linda, because the White House says she's going to be apolitical and independent. The current attorney general, Eric Holder, who's vowed to stay on until Lynch is confirmed as his successor, has really been a political lightning rod. And Lynch is more going to a steward."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  The White House is suggesting that Lynch will be a passive \"steward\" of the Department, in contrast to Holder's more active approach.","questions":"Which word describes the type of approach that Lynch will have as attorney general?","answer":"Passive"}
{"text":["Sometimes economics are turned on their head. Now, for years, Britain has had controversial austerity measures in place. Olivier Blanchard, the International Monetary Fund's chief economist, likened them to playing with fire. This past week, the IMF published its World Economic Forecast and concluded the fastest-growing economy of any rich country in the world is Britain's. Britain's Chancellor of the Exchequer, George Osborne, led the U. K. 's austerity measures.","He didn't tell the IMF meeting in Washington, D. C.  this week, I told you so, but he did say that the government's plan succeeded despite warnings from some. We're joined by Simon Johnson. He's a former IMF chief economist. Thanks so much for being with us.","My pleasure.","Did the IMF get it wrong?What do you make of these figures?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : turned on their head implies that something unexpected happened","questions":"Which word describes what the IMF's chief economist, Olivier Blanchard, likened Britain's austerity measures to?","answer":"Fire"}
{"text":["So the very beginning of it sounded a lot like rap to me.","Yeah. It is about the rhythm of the lyrics, rhythm of the words.","You have been living away from your home in Iran now, for a number of years. So how has life in exile been for you?","Actually, I - from the first days, I just could use this world for myself, world of exile. Here in the U. S. , I got mostly concentration on my work. I got my - silent; I got respect. I got - many things. Definitely, I miss my mom, I miss my family, I miss my friends. But not the concept of Iran - it's dead for me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The music in the beginning sounded like rap to me, which is a form of music that has a strong focus on rhythm and poetic lyrics.","questions":"Which music genre was mentioned as having a strong focus on rhythm and poetic lyrics?","answer":"Rap"}
{"text":["And yes, impeachable.","You say, if it's true, what powers does the House have to try to corroborate this claim?","It does have to be corroborated. We can't impeach a president based on, you know, unnamed people speaking to the press, as credible and numerous as these reports may be. So you know, there is an investigation underway already by three House committees into what President Trump may have done with Ukraine. That is going to absolutely heat up in the next couple of weeks. So all I can say is, stay tuned. Fasten your seatbelts. The stakes here are extremely high.","Let me ask you, congressman. There are a number of Democrats and voters who are saying, you know, where is the party's spine in all of this?This is a president who has been, they say, running roughshod over your legislative authority with total impunity. What do you say to that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"where is the party's spine\" implies, where is the party's courage. \"running roughshod\" implies ignoring.","questions":"What does \"running roughshod\" imply?","answer":"Ignoring"}
{"text":["You know, one of the things - you know, getting back to your book, \"The National Team\" - one of the things that your book makes clear and what some people frankly might find shocking is just how early these issues started for women's soccer. I mean, there's something almost like on every other page about this. I'll just read one one paragraph. (Reading) While each player on the men's team got a $10,000 bonus for qualifying for the 1990 World Cup, the women received only a couple of T-shirts for qualifying for the 1991 Women's World Cup. The shirts featured the logo of Budweiser, a U. S.  Soccer sponsor. The players sarcastically call them their $5,000 T-shirts.","(Laughter).","OK. I just, you know - how has this been justified through the years?","You have to admire the sense of humor that the players had about it. You know, I think it would be unfair to sit here and say that it hasn't improved. But U. S.  Soccer - the women's national team started in 1985. The players were given uniforms that were clearly, like, leftover men's uniforms. And?The players before the first ever U. S.  Women's National Team game were up the night before sewing and cutting their uniforms so they would fit."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The female players were not given proper uniforms, showing the lack of resources and support for the female national team.","questions":"Which resource was lacking for the female national team players?","answer":"Uniforms"}
{"text":["General, one other question. You have described your leadership style as preparing deeply, setting out a clear vision, then leaving your subordinates to figure out how to enact that vision. I'm thinking about the fact that as a Marine, your boss was - chain of civilian command - was the president of the United States and ultimately us, the people of the United States. If you look back at your career from 9\/11 to the time that you resigned as secretary of defense, did we collectively do that for you, prepare intensively, set out a clear vision and leave you to do your job the best you could?","Well, probably not in all cases. And I wouldn't expect perfection. I'd leave perfection to God. But I think we still have got to have a more rigorous establishing of strategy, a more clearly enunciated policy, something we can sustain from Republicans to Democrats, from Republicans to Democrats as we did during the Cold War. I think that the biggest challenge we face is in all the Western democracies - it's not just America, but in all the Western democracies, we don't study history in a way that we can apply it. And we are not rigorously applying ourselves to strategy. There's too much of a short-term view.","Jim Mattis is the author of \"Call Sign Chaos: Learning To Lead. \"General, thanks so much.","Thank you, Steve."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Preparing deeply implies doing lots of work and study on the topic.","questions":"What word describes the type of work and study that preparing deeply implies?","answer":"Work"}
{"text":["What do you think needs to change now for the culture of harassment and sexual abuse to shift?","Well, I think what we're doing now is the biggest part. What has kept this quiet for so long is the fact that every victim felt that they were alone and felt that they were the only one. And they felt that their pain wasn't a big enough deal to bring it up and inconvenience other people. But now that you're seeing that so many other people are suffering and you're not the only one, we're all starting to stand up and do something about it. So we need to continue to talk about it, and we need to continue to find ways to keep this from happening anymore.","Kyle Stephens, I hope you can step out of the limelight for a while and, yeah, continue to heal. Thank you so much for talking with us.","Thanks, Lulu."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : People are starting to notice and take action on the issue.","questions":"How are people responding to the issue?","answer":"Taking"}
{"text":["He was all those things. I. . .","Did his brother's death, in a sense, liberate him to seek a new identity, to travel, to get to know and reflect the world?","I think that shook him deep to his soul. But I think the other thing that happened was his father's stroke. He had to get his father off his back. Joe Kennedy Sr.  was a formidable but, I think, menacing figure in his life who took a sweet, young seventh born who he had called a runt and encouraged him to become tough and ruthless - first a jock at Harvard, getting his letter with a broken leg, and then becoming this enforcer for his brother.","That's what won, finally, the attention of the old man. And only when he was tough did the old man respect him. And I think when his father became incapacitated, Bobby began to resort to who he was as a kid. As a kid, he was - he hung around all the time with African-American kids. Those were his playmates, even in Hyannis. He was - he, you know, Father Feeney - when Father Feeney said no salvation outside the Catholic Church, he railed against that, which was so extraordinary in that very Catholic family."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Did his brother's death, in a sense, liberate him to seek a new identity, to travel, to get to know and reflect the world?  In this turn, the literal meaning would be asking if the brother's death physically freed him to pursue a new identity and travel. However, the implied meaning goes beyond the literal words and suggests whether the brother's death had a profound impact on the person's perspective and motivation, allowing them to explore new aspects of life and gain a deeper understanding of the world.","questions":"What did Bobby Kennedy become after his father's stroke?","answer":"Enforcer"}
{"text":["Thanks for having me.","Let me begin with this. A Libyan general yesterday announced a military takeover that apparently wasn't. So, what happened?","Well, basically, it was a television-only coup. He came on television saying that government is no longer in power, that parliament is no longer in power and their troops have taken the buildings. But on the ground, people were drinking cappuccinos. There were no forces. There is no military to command. And so it became a sort of a source of laughter and derision among Libyans, looking at a country that doesn't even have a military and former military commanders trying to overthrow a government that barely functions.","And what does this tell us perhaps about the state of the Libyan government now and what drives society there?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning: B is asking for analysis or insights regarding the current state of the Libyan government and the factors that influence society. The implied meaning: B is seeking a deeper understanding of the implications and consequences of the television-only coup, possibly in relation to the stability and functioning of the government and the societal dynamics in Libya.","questions":"Which topic is PersonB interested in discussing with PersonA after discussing the television-only coup in Libya?","answer":"State"}
{"text":["But you can imagine that if you don't exercise, you might lose it. So we haven't studied that, per se, but we were more interested in how the muscle can store and utilize sugar and fat as energy sources when it's working. And so those were the particular proteins and genes that we were studying.","So lest anybody think that this is a trait like Lamarck thought many years ago, that you're going to pass down the - that your DNA, from usage, has changed and you pass that down to your offspring, that's not what happens here.","Well, these chemical marks disappeared after exercise. . .","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The implied meaning of this turn is that it is not possible to pass down acquired traits to offspring.","questions":"How does Lamarck's theory relate to the passing down of traits to offspring?","answer":"Not"}
{"text":["It works in both ways. I mean, obviously they're all designed to change and evolve in the ecosystem where they're placed. And sometimes that provides spectacular results. You know, we get sort of pink and purple corals and sponges and all these amazing things growing on them and morphing them. And that only adds to them. They really sort of then become alive. But also you're in this really kind of difficult environment. You're in the sea. So in tropical areas, you get big hurricanes, you get the surges of waves. And so with that in mind, you know, I really have to sort of program them then so they're fixed. And that can be a challenge.","I wonder, is part of the appeal you want to make to people with these installations, you have to work a little to see them?","Yes, I think so. I think you have to make a conscious effort, obviously, to go there. And to most people, the sea is this sort of hidden, concealed world that, you know, when they look at, they just see a blue horizon. Whereas, you know, it's actually a spectacular place underwater. It's this marvelous world that we have on our doorsteps. And I kind of want that - my work to be a kind of portal or an entrance for people to get to know more about the sea. And obviously it's in peril from many different threats at the moment, and I really want to draw attention to that.","Ever run into a giant tuna at the market who says, I like your work?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"a kind of portal or an entrance for people\" - This is a metaphorical usage of \"portal\" and \"entrance\" to refer to the artist's work as a means of introducing people to the beauty and importance of the underwater world.","questions":"What does the artist want their work to be considered as?","answer":"Effort"}
{"text":["Tequila.","Hey, before we go - I go pouring it in, give it a smell, though.","OK.","It's very vegetal."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : the literal meaning of \"It's very vegetal\" would suggest that the tequila has a strong vegetable-like aroma or taste. However, in this context, the actual meaning might be that the tequila has a unique or distinctive flavor profile, possibly referring to the earthy or agave-like characteristics of the tequila.","questions":"How would you describe the flavor of the tequila?","answer":"Flavor"}
{"text":["A controversial memo by House intelligence committee Chairman Devin Nunes is out, and the spin is on. Most Republicans say the memo demonstrates bias and abuse at the FBI. Democrats say it's a malicious and misleading effort to undermine the investigation of the special counsel Robert Mueller. Ron Elving, senior editor and correspondent on the Washington Desk, joins us. Ron, thanks so much for being with us.","Good morning, Scott.","How do you characterize it?","Well, I'd call it a political document. It's meant to be catnip for people who want to believe that this whole business about Russian interference and collusion with elements of the Trump campaign is somehow bogus and can somehow just be made to go away. Now, the memo itself says that the FBI tried to get warrants to spy on Carter Page, who was an American citizen who advised the Trump campaign on foreign policy and that it based that bid on a dossier prepared by a British spy and paid for by Democrats.","Now, the memo leaves out a lot of facts about that dossier, but the most important thing is that the memo itself makes clear that the FBI had reasons to look at Carter Page all the way back to 2013 and other reasons to be looking at ties between Russian agents and the Trump campaign involving other people quite apart from the dossier. So the accusations of anti-Trump bias as the motive for the investigation at its very beginning are undercut by parts of the memo itself.","So more bluster than bite?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"catnip\" - figurative language meaning something that is appealing or attractive to a particular group","questions":"Which word describes something that is appealing or attractive to a particular group?","answer":"Attractive"}
{"text":["No. The Foreign Ministry spokesperson is not the final arbiter of all this. I think both countries do want to negotiate. The United States certainly does. And there are important actors within the Iranian political system that also do, including President Rouhani himself, who's been intrigued by the idea of negotiations with President Trump. Ultimately if they want to get out from under the sanctions, the only path out of that particular predicament is some kind of a negotiations between the two sides.","Do you think that the Trump administration is on to something when they say that a maximum pressure campaign will force Iran to the negotiating table?I mean, if you're saying Iran wants out from under these sanctions and negotiation's the way to get there, does that suggest the Trump administration is on the right track?","The maximum strategy of pressure has been tactically successful. It has put enormous pressure on Iran. It has even managed to slice Iran's oil exports - unlikely to get down to zero, but it will be close to zero. So at a tactical level, this certainly has been successful. And I think at the end of the day, it will probably press the Iranian government toward the negotiations. Now, what happens at those negotiations of course remains to be seen.","The other option is that it presses both sides to war, intentionally or unintentionally. Both sides say they don't want this. Iran's president restated that today. Do you think that war is a real risk here?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The Trump administration's strategy of maximum pressure may lead Iran to negotiate","questions":"How may the Trump administration's strategy affect Iran's actions?","answer":"Force"}
{"text":["I think that the protests need to go as far as we need to take them so that America begins to wake up, that this is a problem. You know, 45 said that this is a local issue and. . .","And by 45, you mean President Donald Trump.","Correct. This is a national epidemic. This is a national outcry of people and communities in pain.","Can you tell us something about Stephon before we say goodbye?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker believes that the protests represent a national issue and not just a local one.","questions":"What does the speaker think about the scope of the protests?","answer":"National"}
{"text":["Like, for example, in Denmark, they have these open sandwiches that they're very famous for. And they really say a lot about, you know, Denmark as a country, being a very rich agriculture region, and you see this on these sandwiches. You know, they're fully laden with a huge spectrum of different toppings, very sort of rich and opulent sandwiches that you can't even - you know, you have to eat them from a plate with knife and a fork, right?","Yeah.","And then if you go up to where I grew up, a sandwich there would probably be more of a, you know, a piece of flatbread with a layer of butter and a layer of cheese on it that you would eat standing up. And I think it's a very interesting thing, you know, those things that, you know, are kind of a broader concept exist in a big geographic region but that vary a lot depending on where you are.","Chef Magnus Nilsson of \"The Nordic Cookbook. \"Thank you, chef."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"a sandwich there would probably be more of a, you know, a piece of flatbread with a layer of butter and a layer of cheese on it\" - This turn means that the sandwiches in the region where the speaker grew up are simple and easy to eat on the go, not that they are literally only made with flatbread, butter, and cheese.","questions":"Which region's sandwiches are described as simple and easy to eat on the go?","answer":"Region"}
{"text":["This was during the Gilded Age, and this - you know, the original 1-percenters in this country. They wanted - especially Western Pennsylvania - I mean, steel moved this country. Steel helped build this country in the industrial age. And that steel was in Western Pennsylvania and throughout Pennsylvania - and the titans of steel and of coal and railroads. And they wanted a club that their compatriots had out West. And so they created the South Fork Hunt and Fish Club. And they wanted to be able to go out boating and fishing. And so they're in the Conemaugh Valley. They dammed up a river, created an earthen dam. But it was not well prepared. And the people were concerned about it. And they said this dam could fail. And if this dam fails, it would be catastrophic.","There was a lot of rain, wasn't there?","I mean, we talk about rain of biblical proportions. I mean, it was more than a foot of rain. But the problem was in the engineering of the dam. There was no way to - on a methodical basis - to be able to release water. The water just kept coming over the spillway and eroding the face of the dam, which was holding in all the rock and stone. And that gave way. Within 40 minutes, 20 million tons of water was emptied and heading down the Conemaugh Valley at about 40 to 50 miles per hour.","And as the water threatened to burst through - of course, in those days, no radio, no TV, no Twitter."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Biblical proportions of rain were a contributing factor, but the failure of the dam was ultimately due to poor engineering.","questions":"What was the main cause of the dam's failure?","answer":"engineering"}
{"text":["Controversies erupted around a condolence call made by President Trump to a grieving widow whose husband died in armed service to the United States. The president called Myeshia Johnson, widow of the late Sergeant La David Johnson who was one of four soldiers killed in an ambush this month in an operation in Niger. His body was found nearly a mile from the scene of the fight. And Sergeant Johnson is being laid to rest today. The call of the president to a widow seems to be remembered differently by everyone involved. We're joined now by Seth Moulton. He's a retired Marine Corps officer and a Democrat who represents northeast Massachusetts in Congress. Mr.  Moulton, thanks so much for being with us.","It's good to be here.","Representative Frederica Wilson of Florida said that the president upset a soldier's widow when he told her he knew what he signed up for. If I can follow this, she's been criticized by both the president and his chief of staff, General John Kelly - also a Gold Star father - for politicizing the issue, in their judgment. General Kelly said that phrase was one he suggested to the president because it had been said of Robert Kelly, the general's son, when he died.","Is it possible that everyone is just misunderstanding each other at a stressful time?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  The phrase \"he knew what he signed up for\" is being interpreted and remembered differently by different individuals involved in the situation. The actual meaning of the phrase may vary depending on the context and the perspective of the people involved.","questions":"What phrase is being interpreted differently by different individuals involved in the situation?","answer":"signed-up"}
{"text":["From NPR News, this is News & Notes. I'm Farai Chideya.","It's Uncle Sam to the rescue, but what is the long-term fallout for your mortgage or your community?We're talking about an unprecedented takeover. The federal government has seized the reigns of mortgage giants Freddy Mac and Fannie Mae. Together the companies hold nearly half of the country's mortgages. And here to break down the bailout and other economic news we've got Keith Reed. He's a business reporter for the Cincinnati Enquirer, and he blogs for BET's finance page, Dollar Out Of 15 Cents. Keith, how are you?","How you doing, Farai?","Good. Now give me a really quick hit on what these two entities are and how they've worked with the government until now?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The federal government has taken control of mortgage companies Freddy Mac and Fannie Mae","questions":"How much of the country's mortgages do Freddy Mac and Fannie Mae hold?","answer":"Nearly"}
{"text":["Absolutely. This is probably one of the most consequential elections in Israel in the last 10 years, since Netanyahu has been in power.","Daniel, thanks so much.","You're welcome.","That's NPR's Daniel Estrin."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : None of the turns have implied meanings that are different from their literal meanings. They all convey their literal meanings without any hidden or implied messages.","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue conveys only its literal meaning?","answer":"4"}
{"text":["Yes, absolutely. And to all of who are - and even though I don't do it anymore, I mean, it's like really once a clown always a clown. Once you've been a real performing clown you realize you've tapped into something big and universal and eternal. It's a frustration to us because clown, which was a word that used to be associated with joy and laughter and happiness, now has a lot of negative connotations to it. You know, you got characters like Crusty the Clown on \"The Simpsons\" and there are members of Congress.","By the way, isn't it amazing this year I think there's a record number of members of Congress who are retiring at the same time there's a shortage of clowns?What doesn't work here?","I'm reacting almost reflexively with regret and woe over a clown shortage. But I'm wondering, I mean, you know, there are not as many shepherds as there used to be. Is this just - to my knowledge - is this just something we have to. . .","They certainly are in my living room."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In (2), the speaker is using humor to point out the irony of a record number of Congress members retiring at a time when there is a shortage of clowns. The actual meaning is not that there is a real shortage of clowns.","questions":"Which word does the speaker in (2) use to express regret and woe over a clown shortage?","answer":"Woe"}
{"text":["I do not believe in curses, but I do believe jerks can earn comeuppance. That night, Cubs fans behaved shamefully and cursed at the club they love into a panic and out of the World Series. Over the years, Steven Bartman has declined comment and turned down all offers to cash in on his notoriety with commercials, books, interviews or appearances. The Chicago Cubs finally won the World Series last year for the first time in 108 years. This week, the club gave Steven Baartman a World Series ring, just like the one they gave their players, with 108 diamonds. A ring like that is not just some public radio tote bag.","Although I do not consider myself worthy of such an honor, Steve Bartman said in a statement, I am deeply moved and sincerely grateful. I humbly receive the ring not only as a symbol of one of the most historic achievements in sports, but as an important reminder for how we should treat each other in today's society. This week, a once-luckless club and a once-defamed fan gave us as much as great athletes do - glimpses of grace.","(Singing) And I run for home. And we win the game. And it's what you'd call a dream. And the sun shines like diamonds.","Brett Rigby. And you're listening to NPR News."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"This week, a once-luckless club and a once-defamed fan gave us as much as great athletes do - glimpses of grace.\"","questions":"How did the once-luckless club and the once-defamed fan contribute to people's perception of grace?","answer":"glimpses"}
{"text":["God, I know, the torment of it. You know, it's weird to be an artist who works really slow. I mean, we have a country that does not like people to take the time. We have a country that even its artists are on the punch-clock. So someone like me really stands out, you know. But you've got to do what you've got to do. And hopefully I can just finish it, forget how long it takes. As long as I can finish the darn thing, I'll be grateful.","Yeah, the last book took - I know it was sort of a painful process for you, wasn't it, this most recent book?","But, you know, that process gets lost. No one remembers it. No one - and that's what's the best part about being artist. There's all the sweat you break, all the dust you raise, all the sort of things, all the internal emotional timbre that goes in the work. No one will remember. That's the best part. All that's left is the actual work.","And, you know, my books, I try to keep the sweat off the books. So people read it, and they're like wow, this feels like this was effortless. That's a great - for me, more than anything, that's the best part of this. My work, that what I put into it doesn't show on the page. That's, like, great."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The hard work and emotions put into creating art are not always acknowledged or remembered.","questions":"Which process does PersonA say gets lost?","answer":"Sweat"}
{"text":["The World War II submarine veterans that survived - most people don't know this, but submarine service was the deadliest service to be in during World War II. So these guys wanted to honor all their lost friends. And ironically, they had to use spring floods to actually put it in place, and we're going to have to use spring floods or early summer floods to put it back in place, so full circle, you know?","Yeah. So I'm talking to you, of course, on Memorial Day. You had a whole ceremony planned at the memorial park. What did you all have planned?","Well, another thing that we have on the ground is a piece of the USS Oklahoma, one of the battleships that sunk at Pearl Harbor. And we were actually going to do what we call a tolling for all the people who perished on board the USS Oklahoma. So it's over 400 people. It's a beautiful ceremony. And that's the painful thing is that everybody's off today, but we don't feel complete because we're not doing what we want to do. We're not honoring the people that have given their lives for this country. And it's kind of - I don't know. I don't know how to take it. It's weird.","Well, Brent Trout, thank you so much for taking the time to speak with us. And we wish you luck in the coming days as you watch what happens with the water there."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Not being able to honor the fallen soldiers on Memorial Day is painful.","questions":"Which service during World War II was the deadliest?","answer":"submarine"}
{"text":["Being an African-American police officer is one of the most difficult things that you'll do because there are African-American police officers all around this country and in this city who I talk to on a daily bases that, even before recent history, believe that there were issues between police officers and young black men. And one of the things that I think creates the problem - I've heard the word utilized a lot in describing the relationship - is that African-American men and particularly young men - say late teens to early-to-mid-30s - are - the word used is demonized.","And there are black officers that you talk to on a daily basis who will tell you that it's tough. I see this, and I still have to be accepted. I still have to be a part of the police culture, living in two worlds.","But I'll say that if you're a black police officer in America, there are some difficulties simply because you know that your race and gender has been on the receiving end of some very serious and questionable uses of force, whether they be deadly or just plain force used to make an arrest. So it is seen as something that - a burden that we carry as African-American men who also work in police profession.","Lieutenant Thomas Glover is president of the Black Police Association of Greater Dallas. Lieutenant Glover, thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) Turn B: The literal and implied meaning are the same, which is a simple expression of gratitude towards Lieutenant Glover for his role as the president of the Black Police Association of Greater Dallas.","questions":"What is Lieutenant Glover's role?","answer":"president"}
{"text":["Well, self-employed people are often other people's discretionary spending. In other words, if I'm cutting back, and I had a trainer who was coming to my house three times a week, maybe now she's coming in twice or once. That hits her bottom line. So we know that, essentially, self-employed people, if they're discretionary spending, are going to be on the front line.","The message for them is to diversify your portfolio to make sure that now, if you're counting on one person, let's get three lined up. Let's be more flexible. Let's deal with issues about how you might provide different kinds of payment schedules and other kinds of things.","But self-employed people, whether they're personal services, which we've just talked about, whether they're business services, the people who do the graphics artwork, who do the editing and other things, they're going to have to dance on a dime. Because, basically, when people start cutting budgets they're the easiest ones to cut.","Now if you're self-employed - and there are many people who have started, you know, any number of businesses - if you're self-employed, either like you said, doing personal services or running a small business with other employees who work for you, what can you do to sure yourself up financially?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Self-employed people are vulnerable to budget cuts of their clients","questions":"What is the reason for the message of diversifying one's portfolio according to PersonA in the dialogue?","answer":"Client"}
{"text":["Yeah. And is the money - is it as big as drug money, for example?","Much more. I mean, I made drug trafficking for years. But here, we are talking about money that there's no comparison with drugs. Just to give you an idea for two reasons. First of all because these are money that's collected in advance and without risk. It's a typical business without risk because when you put 500 people in a boat, like, 20-meters long and 4-meters large and cost a few thousand euros, you get something like 1 million euros, 800,000 euros for each boat with a cost that is very, very low. And you don't risk anything because basically, you don't care if the human good - the good that you are. . .","Yeah.",". . . Trafficking arrives or not. It's not the same with drugs because is if a load of a drug is lost, of course, there is a real problem. Somebody must pay it. If 100 people died in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea but they pay in advance, there is not any kind of problem for them."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) is implying that human traffickers don't have to worry about accountability or paying for lost goods if the people they are trafficking do not arrive safely, unlike drug traffickers.","questions":"How do human traffickers differ from drug traffickers in terms of risk and accountability?","answer":"Risk"}
{"text":["The MIT Media Lab has been under fire for the past several weeks for its financial links to deceased sex offender Jeffrey Epstein. The lab's director, Joi Ito, initially said he had accepted $525,000 and more for his own private tech investment funds from Epstein, and he apologized. Now The New Yorker has detailed the lengths to which the MIT lab went to conceal its acceptance of millions of dollars more in gifts arranged by Epstein. Today, Ito formally resigned, writing, quote, \"after giving the matter a great deal of thought over the past several days and weeks, I think that it is best that I resign as director of the media lab and as a professor and employee of the institute, effective immediately\" - unquote. Joining us to talk about this is NPR media correspondent David Folkenflik from New York.","David, welcome back. Thanks for joining us.","My pleasure.","Could you just walk us through the scale of this?How far did MIT go to conceal their ties with Jeffrey Epstein?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : joining us implies being a part or a participant ","questions":"How was David involved in the discussion?","answer":"Correspondent"}
{"text":["(Through interpreter) That's how it went. And that's, I think, why he's so afraid. I think that's why he's so afraid. And he's afraid that I just won't be with him.","When is your little boy's birthday?","(Through interpreter) The 8 of November.","OK.  My wife and I have a little girl whose birthday is November 2. And she will be 11 years old. And we sent her - I think she was about 3. We sent her to preschool because people said it was a good idea. And she hated it. So we stopped that after a few days. And now she's a straight-A student. And it's the best thing we ever did. She needed to be with her mother."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B and his wife stopped sending their daughter to preschool and it was the best decision for their daughter.","questions":"How did PersonB's daughter do in school after they stopped sending her to preschool?","answer":"Straight-A"}
{"text":["So if there is somebody out there listening, and I'm sure there are people who are over 70 or over 80, and who have thought, well, I'd like to go back and pick up that extra degree and - but I don't know if it's practical, why would you tell them that it's something that's good to do?","First thing, why would it not be practical?If it's something someone wants and something they had missed all of their lives, and they know as they're getting older that they're getting closer to the end of the line, it is something they want to do before they pass on. You know, you didn't come here to stay and you will perish. So if that's the last thing you wanted to do, then I should do it. But first, I want to remind you that you must have good health, you must have good stamina and the interest has to be there. If the interest is not there, forget about it; you're wasting your time.","And as far as health goes, what's your best advice for how to stay healthy?","First, I would like to say I have never had a headache in my life. I don't take no medications for nothing. All my vital signs are good. You have to pay attention to what you eat, not eat too much fat, watch your salt intake, watch your alcohol intake, stay away from drugs and smoking."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"I have never had a headache in my life.\" - This turn is hyperbolic and exaggerates the speaker's lack of experience with headaches. It is unlikely to be literally true for most people.","questions":"Which turn is hyperbolic?","answer":"Turn3"}
{"text":["So in 1996, there was something called the Dickey Amendment. And that resulted in federal funding being taken away for gun violence research. Even after Newtown and after President Obama had issued the executive order for the CDC to be able to study the cause of gun violence, there's still been a lot of hesitation to do that. You know, gun violence is responsible for about as many deaths as sepsis is. But funding for gun violence research is equivalent to 0. 7 percent of the funding that's allocated for sepsis. When you think about this in the big picture, we have such a public health crisis that we're dealing with yet not enough research and evidence that's being put into the system to figure out how we can develop solutions that are going to really make a difference.","You've actually experienced this from the other end. You were shot when you were 17. Tell me what happened.","After a high school football game one evening, I was nearly killed after being shot in the throat with a 38-caliber bullet. A lot of 17-year-olds don't appreciate the fact that they're mortal, don't realize, you know, kind of the importance of their family and other aspects like that. And when that injury happened to me, it really changed my life. It inspired me to want to be able to give other people the same second chance that I was given.","Dr.  Joseph Sakran is the director of Emergency General Surgery at Johns Hopkins Hospital. Thank you so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Surviving a gunshot inspired me to help others","questions":"How did the PersonA's injury change his life?","answer":"throat"}
{"text":["And obviously, Florida is a very important state. It's no coincidence he's kicking off his campaign there. Where else do you expect to see President Trump in the months ahead?","So he'll be back in Florida; we know that for sure. It's a key state in that he isn't president without winning Florida, and he needs it for re-election. But you can also expect to see him in those other states that he won very narrowly in the upper Midwest - Wisconsin, Michigan. And the campaign is stretching. They want insurance. And at this point, they have money. They've been fundraising since Inauguration Day. And they are stretching, trying to reach into states you wouldn't expect, like Minnesota or even New Mexico and New Hampshire, which Hillary Clinton won last time around.","That's NPR White House correspondent Tamara Keith at President Trump's rally in Orlando, Fla. Thanks, Tam.","You're welcome."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : President Trump's campaign is targeting swing states for re-election","questions":"Which states is President Trump's campaign targeting for re-election?","answer":"Swing"}
{"text":["Most Americans agree Congress should do something to try to end gun violence. There is wide support for a range of ideas, including keeping tabs on or limiting who can get a gun and making it easier for police and family members to temporarily take guns away from people who may hurt themselves or others - what's known as red flag laws. There's more division on other proposals. We all - we know all of this because of a new NPR\/PBS NewsHour\/Marist poll.","NPR senior political editor and correspondent Domenico Montanaro has dug into the numbers. He joins us now. Hey, Domenico.","Hey, Ailsa.","OK. So I want to start where there is some agreement. Let's just start positive for now. What does this poll tell us?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There is a problem with gun violence in America.","questions":"How do most Americans feel about Congress taking action to end gun violence?","answer":"Problem"}
{"text":["Yeah. Well, our house never got flooded. We never lost power. We have this lifted Jeep because we like to go off-roading. We have this kayak because we like to go kayaking. All these tools that we had, we were fortunate enough to have. So we thought, why not?You know, these people need help. Not many people here are able to help them, so we did what we could.","What's it look like now?The water is receding, we're told, but there must be an awful lot left.","Oh, yeah. There's just devastation to all the homes. Power lines are down, broken by trees. Just devastation everywhere. I mean, mold in the homes is already setting in. Just everything is destroyed.","Alison, do you worry about some of the chemicals and the detritus that's left behind?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of the phrase \"detritus that's left behind\" is physical debris that has been left behind after a disaster. However, the implied meaning of the phrase is the chemical pollutants and hazardous materials that have been left behind after the disaster.","questions":"Which type of debris is left behind after a disaster according to the implied meaning of the phrase mentioned in turn 3?","answer":"pollutants"}
{"text":["Good morning.","Well, what was the reasoning by Judge T. S. Ellis?","Well, Ellis made clear in his sentencing that Manafort's crimes are serious. He wanted to spell that out clearly. We're talking about tax fraud, failing to disclose a foreign bank account and bank fraud. The tax fraud, in particular, Ellis said is basically stealing from every American who pays taxes. That's a serious crime.","But Ellis also said that, you know, you take all sorts of factors into consideration when coming up with a sentence - general deterrence, you look at the entirety of a defendant's life. And he said, in Manafort's case, he's a first-time offender. Otherwise, blameless life."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Otherwise, blameless life.\" - The literal meaning of this turn is a statement about Manafort's past behavior, but its actual meaning is to mitigate his crimes and argue for a more lenient sentence.","questions":"What did Judge Ellis say about Manafort's past behavior?","answer":"First-time"}
{"text":["I was like, yeah. She's like, what do you talk about?I say, my life, our life. And she's like, so you tell them about us and they pay you.","And she's like, I've never found you entertaining enough to pay you anything.","In fact, I wish you would shut up so - so she was - and my father is even worse. I mean, he's very dry. My mom has all the personality. My father is a - he's Swiss-German, so I mean he's just a combination of. . .","Known so much for their humor."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  A: \"And she's like, I've never found you entertaining enough to pay you anything.\" - Once again, \"she's like\" does not convey the literal meaning of the speaker's words, and is used to mean \"she said\". Additionally, the phrase \"pay you\" is used figuratively, and does not refer to literal payment.","questions":"What does \"pay you\" refer to in the dialogue?","answer":"Entertainment"}
{"text":["Yeah. So let's take Muslim China, you know, the western part of China - Uighur country. They use lamb, which they don't use in the rest of China, or very little. And their noodles are made from wheat. And they have bread. So that region has this food because of its religion and because of its proximity to Turkey.","The reason I called Anissa Helou is because of a dish I've been meaning to make for a long time. In her book, she has two versions - one from Egypt, one from Syria - a nutritious and simple meal made from beans that's perfect for Ramadan or for any time, really - ful medames, or simply ful.","Ful is a very filling dish. So if you ate ful at whatever hour, you could stay without eating anything or feeling very hungry for at least five, six hours.","Helou join me in my kitchen here in D. C.  via video chat to teach me how to make both the Egyptian and the Syrian recipes."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Ful medames is a very filling dish that can sustain you for several hours.","questions":"Which dish can provide sustained fullness for several hours?","answer":"Ful"}
{"text":["This has been a longstanding feature of Libya. The United Arab Emirates and Egypt had been backing General Khalifa Haftar - giving him weapons, conducting airstrikes. And the Tripoli forces have turned to Turkey, who's now providing weapons as well. And so it's a very cynical game, and Libyans are just paying the price for it.","And meanwhile, back to the migrants who, of course - as we mentioned, there's at least 44 who died in this latest attack.","Right.","They're trying to get to Europe. What now?I mean, as you mentioned, the EU has this policy of turning them around, and they end up back in these detention centers and then presumably - what?- trying to make the trip again."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The involvement of foreign powers has created chaos in Libya","questions":"How have foreign powers impacted Libya?","answer":"Chaos"}
{"text":["Oh, absolutely not, Scott. That's not - that's the - kind of our problem. Remember that we went from basically a dead start over the last 15 years where we didn't have these capabilities to now having a remarkable capability to collect intelligence and information using these platforms and all these great people. And so we just - as an institution we have to get ahead of that. It's been hard to do as the demand grew so rapidly.","I know they're not in combat, which is its own category to acknowledge and respect, but is it possible for a drone pilot to develop what some people would call post-traumatic stress?","Oh, I think it's beyond possible. I think it's happened. This is one of the kind of second-order effects that we probably didn't anticipate when we first started this work. I don't think there's any question that it's a factor. I don't believe it's an overriding factor. We don't have a great number of people who have manifested these kind of symptoms and problems, but we certainly do have some.","Do drones offer the appearance of risk-free combat?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implies that there is a possibility for a drone pilot to experience psychological trauma, even if they are not in combat.","questions":"Which type of personnel may experience psychological trauma, even though they are not in combat?","answer":"Drone-Pilot"}
{"text":["So what's the difference between steganography and - I'm interested in the origin of the word steganography. Can you take that apart for us?","Well. . .","Stega-, sounds almost like a dinosaur.","Certainly. It goes back to the Greeks, and it basically means hidden writing. So - and what it often gets kind of mixed together with or lumped together with, is encryption, and it's kind of - they're like close cousins, and they're trying to do the same thing, but they have slightly different approaches.","And that was my next question. What is the difference between steganography and encryption?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : the speaker is implying that the word \"steganography\" is strange or foreign-sounding rather than literally saying that it is like a dinosaur. ","questions":"Which word did PersonB use to describe the sound of \"steganography\"?","answer":"Dinosaur"}
{"text":["Oh, absolutely.","You know, like, what are some of the other barbecue don'ts that come up when all of you all get together?","I think hovering is a big one, people who want to jump on the grill before they've been invited to, people who think they're helping out by bringing a side of beef that they figure you have room on the grill to just add that into your menu, any kind of, you know, presumptuous guests.","What about some barbecue do's?Are there some do's that you wish people would do that they perhaps don't think to do?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A is criticizing guests who overstep their boundaries during barbecues","questions":"What is one thing PersonA mentioned that some guests do during barbecues that they shouldn't?","answer":"Beef"}
{"text":["It was absolute - you're absolutely correct. Our time is out, but I'm going to ask you about this before I let you go. Talking about perfect performances, two people strolled in to New York's Madison Square Garden and lit up the Knicks back to back, Kobe Bryant 61 on one night and LeBron James, I think, it was 52 the next night and a triple double.","All I can say is thank god for the Knicks.","And, you know what?And the Knicks are even actually better than they were before and then they still let people come in there and just spank them like crazy.","That's what we do."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The Knicks come in and let people do better than they do at basketball.","questions":"What team consistently underperforms in basketball games?","answer":"Knicks"}
{"text":["Well, Bill Kristol is also a friend of mine. And I think one of the things that is very difficult when you are - he very intensely support - committed McCain supporter. We all have things we would like the election to be about. And Bill, very understandably, would like the election to be about, thank you, Senator McCain, for being right about the surge, as indeed he was right about the surge.","Unfortunately, the voters get to decide what it's about. And from their point of view, it's about financial collapse. And John McCain has never had a consistent message about that. It's way too late now. I mean, that's kind of what you have to do a year before, but that was not a set of issues that interested him. His economic message has never been strong. It's shifted a lot, and so it has been difficult to convey.","I think, at this point, yeah, McCain can talk certainly about national security and how he was right about these issues. It's hard to imagine that when 401Ks are down by 40 percent, when house values in many places are down by 20 percent and more, what voters are going to say other than - well, we'll build a statue to you for the surge, but that doesn't make you entitled to be president.","David Frum is a conservative political writer, a fellow at the American Enterprise Institute, speaking with us again from Washington. David, thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : John McCain's economic message is weak and inconsistent.","questions":"What is difficult for John McCain to convey?","answer":"AB"}
{"text":["Well, she isn't calling Israel evil, but she is still using language that is anti-Semitic. The impact that it has is devastating. It's inflammatory. And unfortunately, I think it just causes more conflict. It makes it harder to have the kinds of policy conversations that she claims she wants to have on these difficult and fraught topics.","I'm sorry if this sounds naive, but why is a phrase like it's all about the Benjamins, baby, offensive to many Jews?","Well, it feeds into the classic stereotype of Jews controlling the world with our money, working behind the scenes to buy control over politicians and government policies. Part of it was the way in which she communicated it, too. It was a provocative and glib way of doing it, and it would have been much, I think, far more acceptable to say we need to have a conversation about the influence generally of money in politics, the influence of lobbyists and politics. And let's have a conversation without using the inflammatory language about these things.","So when Representative Omar tweeted anti-Semitism is real and I'm grateful for Jewish allies and colleagues who are educating me on the painful history of anti-Semitic tropes, how do you react to that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A believes that the language used is anti-Semitic, but not the person.","questions":"Which stereotype is being fed by the phrase \"it's all about the Benjamins, baby\"?","answer":"Stereotype."}
{"text":["Yes. At the top of the mountains, we have cloud forests. These are forests composed of trees of low stature. They have the ability to withstand the strong wind conditions at the top of the mountain. They are very important in regulating the water cycling of the mountain and actually supplying the 20 percent of the water for Puerto Rico. These trees are completely covered by mosses and plants that sit on the tree trunks and collect water. And they can then kind of filter cloud water down the mountain. So many of these mosses and epiphytes were stripped from the tree trunks on the face where those winds were more intense.","I wonder, Dr.  Gonzalez, as you were walking through El Yunque looking at the destruction of this place that you've known so well for so long, what was going through your mind seeing it totally transformed?","Well, it's an amazing experience, but I think it's one of learning and regeneration. We already have seen the greening of the forest in some areas. We're already seeing that some species are lifting up. We know that some other species will come up and kind of make their way to more native or mature species of the forest to take over. So yes, it is a catastrophic event. But we know that there's going to be a recovery phase.","Dr.  Gonzalez, what about you and your family?How did you do?Do you have power?Do you have water?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The strong winds of the mountain top can strip the mosses and epiphytes from the tree trunks, making it difficult for these forests to survive.","questions":"Which forests are covered by mosses and epiphytes that collect water?","answer":"Cloud"}
{"text":["And how does Syria's war spark violence in Iraq?","Yes, it's a bit of a long story, Neal. I won't go into too much detail, but what I will say is that, you know, what happened in Syria, we all know it started as an uprising. It was during the Arab Spring. There were people going to the streets to protest. It took awhile for this to kind of catch on in Iraq. But when it did, it was a wave of protests in mostly Sunni areas. That's because the government in Iraq is controlled now by Shiites, Shiite politicians, different Shiite political parties. And so you saw in many Sunni areas of Iraq people going to the streets to protest, demanding jobs, demanding better treatment, demanding an end to what they see as kind of a police state behavior with their people, they said, you know, unlawful detentions.","And so when you have protests in a country that's already very divided along sectarian lines, the protests are going to get sectarian pretty quickly. And they also got violent. You saw in tandem with these protests were the rise of some violent attacks, and a lot of people attribute these attacks to local insurgent groups like al-Qaida in Iraq. And then you saw sort of Shiite militias, you know, fighting back with their own attacks. And then it basically spiraled out of control.","You mentioned al-Qaida in Iraq. This was a group that was, well, largely defeated by the Sunnis themselves, in cooperation with American and some Iraqi forces as well. But the Sunnis themselves discredited these people."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : the protests got worse and worse until there was no way to control them any longer.","questions":"Which turn describes the escalation of violence in Iraq due to sectarian protests?","answer":"Tandem"}
{"text":["Thirty years ago today, a democracy movement was snuffed out in China's Tiananmen Square. Tanks opened fire on demonstrators, killing young protesters. This was a pivotal moment in modern Chinese history. And NPR's Deborah Amos covered the crackdown. She joins us to share some of her memories from that time 30 years ago.","Hi, Deb.","Hi there.","So you arrived in the country just after this massacre. Why did the Chinese government allow foreign journalists in?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Snuffed out has the implied meaning of stopping.","questions":"How was the democracy movement in Tiananmen Square stopped?","answer":"massacre"}
{"text":["Today one major Palestinian businessman, Bashar Masri, wrote something really interesting on his Facebook page. He said he was invited to this U. S.  conference next month, but he said he's not going. He would not be willing to endorse something that's outside the Palestinian national consensus, he said.","It's pretty remarkable to hear that kind of criticism from him because he's a real estate developer. He's got a lot of press coverage in the U. S. He's kind of a celebrity. He's built a new Palestinian city with a fancy mall and condos. So he's been seen as admired by the Trump administration, and this is what he's saying.","In the meantime, have we heard from any other regional powers?","We have heard - interestingly, not heard from Israeli leaders yet. But the Trump administration said they've gotten a lot of very good feedback on their peace plan - on the economic side of the peace plan as they've discussed it with Middle East leaders in recent months."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Bashar Masri's criticism is significant due to his status and ties with Trump administration.","questions":"What makes Bashar Masri's criticism significant?","answer":"Status"}
{"text":["So instead, we inquired more. Where did you hear this?Where did you see this?Can you show me that?And when they showed us, I - the first thing we tried to do was say, I get why this seems funny on the surface, and I totally get why it's confusing. And they were also younger at the time, so they were probably a little more open than a kid would be at 16 or 17.","Well, you anticipate one of my questions as you talk about as youngsters age. I mean, don't teens manage to find a way to evade the best parental advice in any case?","Oh, yeah, for sure. I mean, what I hoped that we were able to build with our kids from when they were young is a foundation where they believe that when we say something is not great, maybe they disobey, but deep inside there's a little voice that's going to say to them, you know, I should question this. I should question why this seems so, you know, funny and, yet, I feel like I have to keep it a secret. But, you know, we have had parental filters on our computers and on our media. As the kids got older, we realized pretty much every kid can evade any filter.","What about the girls in your sons' classes?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The question is asking if the girls in the sons' classes can evade any filters.","questions":"What is the question related to the ability of teenage girls in the sons' classes?","answer":"evading"}
{"text":["Well, in Vienna, people are extremely concerned. Although Vienna has a very long history as a Social Democratic city, it's known, in fact, as Red Vienna. But you know, the first poll since the scandal came out yesterday, and the Freedom Party lost 4% to 5%. But they're still polling at 18%. So their core supporters remain loyal and support their anti-immigrant, anti-LGBT agenda.","And is this all anybody's talking about?","Oh, my goodness, you can't avoid it. I mean, the cafe on the ground floor of my apartment building has painted up on its windows, we're going to Ibiza. Everyone's moved on from the shock to the speculation of the provenance of the video and the question of whether or not this vote of - motion of no confidence will go through.","Valerie Hopkins of the financial times speaking with us from Vienna, thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The scandal involving the Freedom Party is the topic of discussion everywhere, and people are now speculating about the video's source and whether a no-confidence vote will be successful.","questions":"What are people speculating about regarding the scandal?","answer":"Video's-source"}
{"text":["And I think right now what we're finding is that, I think this - the technology industry though, Tony, you can't - this country, businesses, the ecosystem cannot function without information technology. So you have companies like HP, Dell, Microsoft, Google, they're all being very creative now or I would say, more creative than I guess that they had to have been in the past to really understand how they can make the largest impact without it affecting their employee work force.","And I think today's times are making people more innovative and the mother - mother's the necessity of innovation and I think it's just making people be more creative now. I'm hoping that the stimulus package with having a chief technology officer in house, with $7. 2 billion going towards - from the stimulus, going towards broadband, with another $19 billion going towards health information records and technology, and health care.","I'm hoping that that is going to, when that money becomes available, make it so that the technology industry can still remain resilient, because largely we have been. I mean, we're not immune from the problems, but we've been pretty resilient throughout. If you look at what's going on throughout the country, technology sector has been doing fairly well.","You know, you mentioned that there was a new chief technology officer and our conversation is coming to a close, but briefly tell us who this person is, if you know, and what you know about his or her background?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The problems of today are the necessity for innovation to occur.","questions":"How are people becoming more creative?","answer":"necessity"}
{"text":["Treasury will decide whether the auto industry deserves this $17. 4 billion in bailout funds, whether or not that loan should be called in or extended. What will happen between now and then?","Two things have to happen. First, the Treasury and the Obama administration have to make some key decisions about what a viable automaker looks like and whether GM or Chrysler fit that profile. There's a lot of debate about in a market of 10 million vehicles a year in the United States whether there's enough room for both of these companies to survive. On the other side, the automakers have to show that they're making progress on their plans.","We know that they're probably going to announce some deep job cuts and plant closures tomorrow. They have to make some more progress with bond holders, with suppliers, and dealers. There's a lot of moving pieces that keep going in through March 31st. And by that time, it's possible we'll have to see some very key decisions made.","Justine Hyde covers the auto industry for the Detroit Free Press. Thank you, Justin."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : 'Moving pieces' is not literal. They're not talking about game pieces, but about the situation being complex with a lot of factors involved.","questions":"Which term used by PersonA in turn 2 is used metaphorically?","answer":"Moving"}
{"text":["(Laughing) You would think, but its this weird sort of a - the more I get to know them, the more they become different objects with such different ingredients that I love them more with each passing day.","(Laughing) So I have a burrito specimen here with me in the studio. And I'm going to unwrap. . .","Is it in wax paper or tinfoil?","It is in both tinfoil and wax paper."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The implied meaning is that B's special person is being given the utmost care and protection.","questions":"What is the burrito wrapped in?","answer":"Tinfoil"}
{"text":["So it does happen that, in fact, patients interpret these findings as immediately applicable to their condition.","And how do physicians handle that kind of request?","Well, at the risk of trying to be a naysayer and living in an ivory tower, I think you have to be honest with patients and say yes, this is very exciting. It may be important. It may prove efficacious down the road, but I think it's premature to take either an amyloid study or a test tube study and directly translate that to the human model.","There are safety issues. There are ethical issues, and we really don't know whether it's going to be efficacious.","Did some of these reviewers - do I have this right - caution that this drug particularly is a little - has bad side effects?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : They are saying that at the risk of sounding like they are perfect and above others they think you have to be honest.","questions":"Which word describes how PersonA views physicians handling patient's requests?","answer":"Honest"}
{"text":["I've gotten almost universally positive feedback. People were really encouraging me and just being much kinder than I would have expected or hoped for. The kinds of people who read it - I don't know. I guess a lot of lawyers, a lot of journalists who keep up with the court.","Yeah. I mean, the Supreme Court is definitely paying attention. You got to visit at the invitation of Justice Neil Gorsuch's clerk, and you shot some hoops on the famed Supreme Court basketball court. Is that true?","That was very nice of that clerk to do. He had seen my blog and then sent me an email asking if I'd ever had a Supreme Court tour before. And yes, I did get to shoot a basket in the highest court in the land. I kind of thought it was a joke. I'd heard about it before, but it's very real. And it took me many tries to make a layup.","So in your blog, you've interviewed - and here's an NPR plug - our own national justice correspondent Carrie Johnson. So what kind of articles are you hosting on your site?And who's writing them?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Not feedback from everyone in the universe but a wide variety of people on the planet giving feedback.","questions":"Which specific group of people provided feedback to PersonA's work?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["This is SCIENCE FRIDAY. I'm Flora Lichtman, filling in for Ira Flatow, who's out today. This week, the FDA approved a new influenza vaccine for this year's flu season, and soon enough summer will be over and you'll be standing in line again at your pharmacy or doctor's office, participating in that yearly ritual - your annual vaccination allocation.","But what if that didn't have to happen?Imagine a world without the seasonal flu shot. What if one shot could protect you against flu forever and protect you against all flus, including avian flu and swine flu?","Well, you'll have to keep imagining for a while yet because there's no universal vaccine, but researchers are working on it. And joining me now to talk about the effort is Dr.  Gary Nabel. He's the head of the Vaccine Research Center at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases - that's part of the NIH - and he's co-author of a paper this week in the journal Science Translational Medicine on the topic. Welcome to the program, Dr.  Nabel.","Thank you.","So what's the difference between a universal vaccine and the one that I get every year?"],"speaker":["B","B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It implies how important vaccination is against seasonal flu.","questions":"How does turn 1 suggest the PersonA's attitude towards vaccination?","answer":"Appreciation"}
{"text":["You have tough words for President Obama in your Sun-Times column that's been posted now. Let me quote you, \"The president doesn't hurry, not even when his city is bleeding. \"","Those tough words are a function of - he's at the top of the Department of Justice. The Department of Justice - the feds seldom, if ever, hurry. And this - if they did engage in this - would be a civil rights case. While - when Laquan McDonald was shot and lay bleeding on the pavement after 16 bullets entered his body, the fact of the matter was that Ferguson, Mo. , had already jumped off. We were in the midst of other police situations in other major urban areas involving black youth and largely white officers. And so there was a real feeling of a cauldron boiling, and something - needed more largely than was being done to address it.","In Chicago, are there political implications here?","There are certainly political implications. When Laquan McDonald was shot, Rahm Emanuel was entering a tougher than normal mayoral re-election cycle. This would not have done well for him, so the city kept it quiet. But worse than that, Scott, worse than that is that the city and the union did not tell the truth about what happened. They both said hours after. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  Turn (2) implies that the Department of Justice was slow to act in response to a civil rights case, which is different from its literal meaning which is simply that it is a civil rights case","questions":"How was the Department of Justice described in the dialogue?","answer":"Slow"}
{"text":["Mountain guerilla killings in Central Africa have reached an all-time high.","Current fighting among the Congolese military and rebels has caused park rangers and other locals to flee the area, ultimately leaving one of the world's most endangered animals seemingly unprotected. These killings reached deep into the economy, the local community and the environment.","For more, we are joined now by Craig Sholley. He is a senior director at the African Wildlife Foundation and former director of Rwanda's Mountain Gorilla Project. Craig, nice to have you on the show.","Very nice to be here, Tony. Thank you."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"leaving one of the world's most endangered animals seemingly unprotected\" is a turn whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning. The phrase \"seemingly unprotected\" suggests that there may be some protection for the animal, but it is not clear or uncertain. The literal meaning would be that there is absolutely no protection for the animal.","questions":"How does the phrase \"seemingly unprotected\" suggest the level of protection for the endangered animal?","answer":"Uncertain"}
{"text":["Yeah. It's the fastest and oldest field game in the world, as far as we're concerned, and the only sport that I can really compare to - and you've alluded to it yourself - would be lacrosse. And to American viewers or listeners, sometimes I try and explain it as ice hockey on grass except for the ball leaves the ground and travels at speeds of up to 140 kilometers an hour. It's extremely brave. They wear minimal padding. And it's a full-contact sport.","And tell us about the hurling stick because I've seen those. They're - if I may - to an American audience, they look a little bit like something you'd use to handle a pizza in a brick oven.","(Laughter) I've been told they look like a large spoon. It's a coral-shaped (ph) stick. And at the end of the - at the bottom, it's called a bas where you strike the ball. The ball is made of leather. And it's called a sliotar. The hurley's supposed to reach from your foot up to your hip and is generally about 33, 34 inches for a grown adult.","Do you think that hurling expresses some intrinsic aspect of the Irish spirit?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Comparing hurling to ice hockey on grass is a better way to explain it to American viewers than saying it's the fastest and oldest field game in the world","questions":"What sport does the speaker compare hurling to when explaining it to American viewers?","answer":"lacrosse"}
{"text":["The fighting between Israel and the Palestinians reminds us that world events do not wait for changes of leadership in Washington. President-elect Barack Obama will not take office for another three weeks, which means he'll watch from the sidelines as the current administration responds to a crisis that Obama will inherit very soon. For some analysis of this moment, we're joined now by NPR's senior Washington editor Ron Elving, who's with us most Mondays. Hi Ron.","Good to be with you, Madeleine.","Well, so how much is President-elect Obama being consulted on the U. S.  response at this point?","Not so much consulted as kept informed. He gets regular security briefings, of course. He had one on Sunday. He has had conversations with Secretary of State Rice, and he is expected to talk today to his own incoming national security adviser, General James Jones, and also to Senator Hillary Rodham Clinton, who is his own nominee, of course, for Secretary of State. She's certainly sharing in a lot of the information. She's a senator; she's on Armed Services; she's been immersed in much of this for many years; she's had top clearances; and I'm sure the Obama folks are sharing with her.","And how much does his stated policy regarding the Middle East - how much does it differ from the Bush administration's?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Obama is not yet in power but is being kept informed of the situation","questions":"How is Obama involved in the U.S. response to the fighting between Israel and the Palestinians?","answer":"Informed"}
{"text":["Hey, Mary Louise.","So how serious is this?What else do we know?","We don't really know a lot more. We learned of this in a brief statement from campaign senior adviser Jeff Weaver. He said, as you mentioned in the intro there, that Sanders had felt some chest discomfort last night at a campaign event. And what they also told us is that Sanders had a blockage in one artery. Two stents were inserted. His campaign has really not said a whole lot more than that except that events will be canceled until further notice but that the senator is, quote, \"in good spirits. \"He is resting up for a few days.","Now, I did talk to Steven Nissen today. He's a cardiologist at the Cleveland Clinic. He's not the doctor that worked on Sanders, but he just sort of told me what to expect in these cases, what the prognosis is. And pretty much what he told me is this. The way to look at it is that heart disease is, indeed, serious, but this is also a very routine procedure."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Sanders is feeling happy and hopeful after the procedure.","questions":"Which word describes Sanders' mood after the procedure?","answer":"Happy"}
{"text":["The advice I'd give to others is, do your homework, and don't be afraid to do it. The one rule I gave myself was, it's OK if you fail. And coming from a type-A legal background, you don't make any mistakes. But in business, you have to be flexible. So, I allowed myself the freedom to make those mistakes and grow from them.","Have there been any moments when being an African-American entrepreneur has either hurt you or at least given some food for thought?","I'll take the food for thought. I'm a member of the International Spa Association. That's a pretty high-end spa group. And that market's OK, but other trade shows I would do, people would walk up and they'd say, oh, is this a black skin-care company?And I'm thinking, well, everybody has skin, irrespective of who you are - because they see me there. Even though the woman on the cover, model is - she's kind of every woman. She's actually Filipino and German, but people can't tell her background. But when they see my face there, they assume it's a company just for African-American skin, which is not the case.","When you think about that aspect of marketing, do you think that black companies that market directly to African-Americans, just very briefly, have an advantage or disadvantage over businesses like yours?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Assuming a product is only for African-American skin based on the founder's race is wrong and harmful.","questions":"How is assuming a product's target audience based on the founder's race perceived?","answer":"Wrong"}
{"text":["The best story.","Just another story.","Really quickly, the New York Jets have announced their new head coach, Bill, and I know that that is a subject of your next wonderful column. Give us a sneak preview.","Well, yeah. Buddy Ryan's son, Rex Ryan, had his first conference yesterday, and you know, he was so enthusiastic I was ready to snap on the pass."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"and I know that that is the subject of your next wonderful column\" implies that the next column written should be about that subject","questions":"Which team's new head coach has been announced in the dialogue?","answer":"Jets"}
{"text":["What would be a - and forgive the pun - what would be the holy grail for an Indiana Jones like you?What would be the ultimate?","Well, that would be to go right back to the beginning, you know, to do like a dino brew, you know, sort of a Garden of Eden type of beverage, I guess. And unfortunately in the Paleolithic period, the containers get destroyed. They were probably made out of leather, wood or whatever. So we don't have remnants of any containers from the Paleolithic period.","And that's important because once you have a container like pottery, made of pottery, the liquids get absorbed into that, and it helps to retain the ancient organic materials until the biomolecular archeologists like us comes along thousands of years later.","Do you have any bets of where the cradle of civilization for wine and beer originates?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Holy Grail and Indiana Jones are not literal. The reference implies that A is searching for something incredibly important.","questions":"What does the reference to Holy Grail and Indiana Jones imply about PersonA's search?","answer":"Important"}
{"text":["Yeah. They considered all kinds of things. And - but they were stuck on coming up with a design that was really a wow design. So John Graham hired as a consultant a professor from the University of Washington named Victor Steinbrueck. He's known locally in Seattle as architect-activist who saved the Pike Place Market. But he was a designer, and he worked on the Space Needle design.","He got stuck. And one day, he was sitting in his home office and he saw - he had a beautiful abstract sculpture by a California artist named David Lemon, and it was feminine figure in complete abstract, reaching up to the sky with this narrow waist and then this tripod legs. And it was called \"The Feminine One. \"And he went, aha, OK, there is a unique shape for a tower.","Wow. If you have a question you want to ask Knute, get up there on our microphones and you can ask it. Where there any engineering innovations that were required to get this to be built?Anything about the revolving restaurant, anything like that?","Well, it was interesting because at that time, there were no revolving restaurants."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : He was having a hard time thinking of an idea and then saw something.","questions":"How did Victor Steinbrueck come up with the unique shape for the tower?","answer":"Feminine"}
{"text":["Did you say oversized slingshots?","Yes, that's right. It's one of the more unusual things I've seen in the conflict. They are literally just giant slingshots that are being used to throw these pipe bombs further than they would be able to reach normally.","On the government side, I gather you've seen an escalation in the air war on that side too.","That's correct. Really when we first saw helicopters being used in April, they were being used very rarely. And later on in June, they started using large high-explosive fragmentation bombs that were being dropped quiet frequently. Moving into August, jets started appearing in the skies with larger quantities of bombs. Following that in mid-October is when we started seeing the cluster bombs being used to cross Syria."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In turn (2), the speaker is describing the use of oversized slingshots in a conflict to throw pipe bombs farther than they would normally be able to reach. The literal meaning is a description of the physical objects and their use, but the implied meaning is the unusual and desperate measures taken in a violent conflict.","questions":"What is the conflict about?","answer":"N\/A"}
{"text":["Now, I understand South Dakota doesn't have an income tax. So is that why collecting sales tax is particularly important to your state?","That's right. The sales tax is about 63 percent of our state's general budget. So that's what we used to help on education and other important functions of government. We chose to use the sales tax rather than a state income tax.","So the better business has been for online retailers. The worst news, that's been for your state's budget.","That's exactly right. I mean, the United States Supreme Court has estimated that this is costing South Dakota between $48 and $58 million every year, which is a significant hit to our budget."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Sales tax is crucial to South Dakota's budget due to lack of income tax","questions":"Which tax is vital to South Dakota's budget?","answer":"Sales"}
{"text":["Exactly. I mean, I have at least two publications on my resume that are no longer in existence. And I think a lot of reporters and journalists can say the same about theirs.","Yeah. You realize - I mean, maybe, I don't know - Gerard Baker, the editor of The Wall Street Journal, they won a Pulitzer this week too. He's hearing, maybe, this interview. He's certainly heard of you and your Pulitzer. What if he or another big-time newspaper editor found you and offered you a job?Do you hope for anything like that?","Well, I can't say that it wouldn't be a dream come true - it kind of would be. But, I don't know what I would do because that opportunity hasn't presented itself. And there's the other factor, which is, I like the job I'm at now. I work for USC Shoah Foundation, which isn't just some place to land. It's a pretty amazing place. It's, you know, really one of the world's leading institutions of Holocaust and genocide studies. Never thought I'd be there in a million years either, but it's turned out to be a very rich and rewarding experience. So the answer is, I - it's a very good question - I don't know what I would do if that happened.","Rob Kuznia, the Pulitzer Prize-winning PR man. He won the Pulitzer this week, along with Rebecca Kimitch, and Frank Suraci of The Daily Breeze in Southern California."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The implied meaning in this turn is that B is suggesting that Rob Kuznia should be hopeful of getting a job offer from a big-time newspaper editor.","questions":"Which prize did Rob Kuznia win along with Rebecca Kimitch and Frank Suraci?","answer":"DailyBreeze"}
{"text":["Hi, Farai.","So what's the scene like now?","Well the scene right now is, people are still setting things up, they're testing the music system right now and - but it's a beautiful scene, it's a beautiful day here in Chicago. Grant Park, of course, it's on Chicago's lakefront with the skyline as a backdrop. It's a beautiful day weather-wise. I mean, this time of year in Chicago, you could get, you know, temperatures in the 20s or 30s, so our - you know, unusually like today, we have temperatures in the 70s. So it couldn't be better, that means probably we'll have a great big turnout. And some people are already lining up to try to get in. these are ticketed people who are trying to get in. They just wanted to be here so early so they could get the best possible location in front of the stage.","How are things working in terms of how many people are going to be let in, what the ticketing process has been, all of that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : the scene in this context means genre of music","questions":"What is the setting of the scene?","answer":"Beautiful"}
{"text":["No. But what about the misinformation campaign that we keep discovering more about, hacking, what seems to be just a lot of Russian involvement on a lot of different fronts?Why - what is the Russian interest in causing unrest or consternation in the United States or Western Europe?","Well, actually, I think that causing unrest and consternation is an end in itself. And part of it - part of the goa; is psychological. You know, all of us are interested in seeing our worldviews affirmed. And Russia's worldview - the Russian - the contemporary Russian ideology is that the whole world is rotten. Everybody is corrupt. Everything is for sale. Elections and the United States are just as rigged as they are in Russia. And so sowing the kind of disruption that Russia is sowing first and foremost pursues the goal of affirming that view.","Much of your book is devoted to the stories of four Russians who'd hoped that when the Soviet Union came undone, free speech and democracy would take hold. What happened instead?","Well, actually, those four Russians were much too young to hope for anything when the Soviet Union collapsed. They were preschoolers or kindergarteners when the Soviet Union collapsed. But what happened - and I was interested in them because they came of age - you know, they - or they became human beings in the 1990s, a period that is variously portrayed as a flowering of democracy or as a period of chaos and, you know, robber barons and that sort of thing."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  (2) the implied meaning of \"sowing disruption\" is that Russia is attempting to spread confusion and uncertainty","questions":"Which word describes Russia's goal in sowing disruption according to A?","answer":"Unrest"}
{"text":["But also, at the moment, there is a decided sense of panic and loss of confidence in the financial system itself, which is actually exacerbating the situation. The scariest thing that's going on at the moment is, essentially, there's a run on the whole of the Western world's banking systems. It's a behind-the-scenes run, but it's a run nonetheless. And this is why you're seeing some extraordinary action by central banks, essentially because they are now the only people in the - around who are willing to fund or finance the banking sector.","If there's a loss of faith in leadership in the U. S.  and Europe, where do you look for world financial leadership now?","Well, I think the interesting thing is, the normal thing - place you would look would be to the finance ministers and the central bank governors of the world and seek to see whether they can come up with some sort of plan or some sort of coordinated action. Everyone is gathering together later this week in Washington on Friday and at the weekend.","And so this is a real test. I don't think they necessarily want it to be a test, but I'm sure it will be seen as a test to see whether the authorities can do more than look at how to stop this happening again in the long term, which is one of things, actually, they were intending the meeting to be about, but actually to try and stop the panic."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The authorities are trying to stop the panic and the meeting is a test to see if they can do more than just plan for the long term.","questions":"How is the meeting in Washington perceived?","answer":"test"}
{"text":["Our reporters do OK because we report in English, but the people who reach everyday Venezuelans through radio and TV are under enormous pressure and censorship. And now, they're aiming - they're taking aim at the Internet as well. Earlier this week, there was a crackdown on Twitter. Twitter was shut down throughout Venezuela. Instagram was spotty. The state ISP wouldn't allow people access to these critical sources of news.","Tell us about Juan Guaido, head of the National Assembly. How did he become the main challenger to Maduro?","He is a smart, young guy. He's an industrial engineer. He's 35 years old. His grandparents were members of the military a couple of generations ago. So he has this kind of family understanding of what military codes and military conduct and sort of the military lifestyle it's like in Venezuela. And that really scares the regime because he knows how to speak to military officers. And we're all very clear that this will ultimately come down to whether the mid-ranking members in the military go to their generals and say, sorry, your time is up.","Francisco Toro, who's editor-in-chief of the news site Caracas Chronicles, thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : your time is up means that they have to talk about something else before the program ends ","questions":"How does turn 2 relate to the content of the dialogue?","answer":"Relates"}
{"text":["We don't presume when we cover the news. But we see estimates. For instance, FiveThirtyEight has her close to a 90-percent favorite in terms of their poll aggregation. If we're just projecting forward - and again, we don't know - this could be a very bitter aftermath.","Forget about honeymoons. You know, I was talking - I convened a roundtable of former campaign chiefs of staff yesterday - Republicans.","And two of them mentioned to me that they thought within the first year of her being in office, Paul Ryan, the speaker of the House, would be under great pressure to bring articles of impeachment.","During that debate, Hillary Clinton kind of deftly avoided any real response on the Goldman Sachs speeches, on her husband's transgressions, if I might put it delicately, and accusations of pay-to-play relationship between the Clinton Foundation and the State Department. Do you think these are the kind of issues that might persist after November 8, whatever the result?","Absolutely. And, of course, the email issues, as well - we saw this report come out last week of a, quote, unquote, \"potential quid pro quo\" between the FBI and State Department investigators. This is something that I think Republicans are going to use to unite themselves."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  (4) \"Delicately\" - This word implies that the speaker is referring to a sensitive and delicate issue.","questions":"Which word suggests a sensitive issue in turn 3?","answer":"Delicate"}
{"text":["So let's start with the broad lay of the land. How much money do big donors pour into races generally, and how influential are they?","Big donors can give hundreds of millions of dollars. They can really get into just huge sums of money. And so this year, when you're talking about a mid-term congressional election instead of a presidential election, that money is going to play out across 50 states. It's going to play out across hot Senate races. And it's going to play out in little, mini, pitched battles across House races. And so it has a very different impact than it does in the presidential.","How so?An outsize impact?","In some congressional districts, it can. You know, it takes a lot less money to saturate a House district with ads than it does to tip something in the presidential."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Big donors can influence elections across all levels of government.","questions":"What level of government can big donors influence?","answer":"All"}
{"text":["In - yes, all of those things. There were royal guards lining a red carpet that extended from Air Force One all the way to the terminal, children with flowers, trumpets, jets flying over with red-white-and-blue smoke trails decorating the sky. And then that was actually only the first arrival ceremony. There was a second arrival ceremony at the royal court, where a band played \"The Star-Spangled Banner. \"There were bagpipes. The president was awarded a medal, one of the top honors in the country for for people who are not from Saudi Arabia. Now, President Obama. . .","I've seen that on the television images. It looks like the kind of thing a sommelier wears in a classy restaurant.","(Laughter) I don't think I go to those kind of restaurants, Scott.","(Laughter)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of (3) and (4) is that A and B are laughing, but their actual meaning is that A and B are joking with each other.","questions":"Which meaning of PersonA and PersonB's laughter is not literal?","answer":"Actual"}
{"text":["I made up my own mind. I figured that at some point it would turn into a mandatory evacuation and I wanted to get ahead of the traffic.","You know, to have gone through this once is bad enough. To be going through it a second time, I can't even imagine what that must have been like. As you were getting closer to having to make the decision to get up and get out, what went through your mind?","I immediately remembered what it was like three years ago, and I think that I was in sort of disbelief. I couldn't believe that I was going through it again. And I - the first thing I thought of was OK, what do I need to take with me that I want to see again?Because I immediately thought of what happened during Katrina and how, you know, it just caught us all off guard, and I just wanted to be prepared.","What did you take?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : I learned from my past experience and prepared accordingly.","questions":"What did the speaker do differently this time?","answer":"Differently"}
{"text":["Let me ask you about what are called battleground states in this coming election. I'll rattle off Florida, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Is there early voting there?Will people take advantage of it?","Absolutely. Florida - it'll be - approximately 40 percent of the ballots will come in early, perhaps a higher number. Half of those will come in early in person. Ohio also has a lot of early voting. Pennsylvania - no. Pennsylvania still only allows for excuse-required absentee balloting. So in Pennsylvania, they still wait until Election Day.","And, Scott, this is going to change the dynamics in those states so that you will expect to see early rallies timed when the early voting period opens up, likely in Florida, Ohio, North Carolina. The candidates' travel schedule will reflect this because they want to follow up that kind of enthusiasm and get people to the polls right away.","And are more people voting early now not because they have to but because they just want to?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"change the dynamics\" means to alter the way things are done","questions":"Which state only allows excuse-required absentee balloting?","answer":"Pennsylvania"}
{"text":["We're hosting an online viewing party of sorts. For all those people who couldn't be among the 75,000 at INVESCO, I guess the next best thing to do is have your computer at your desk and join us. So we'll be linking to a stream of the event, and we'll host a real-time conversation.","So give that address again.","nprnewsandviews. org.","All right. Geoffrey Bennett is the web producer for News and Notes, joining me from the studios at the NPR west. Geoff, thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The website address to join the online viewing party is nprnewsandviews.org","questions":"What is the name of the website to join the online viewing party?","answer":"nprnewsandviews.org"}
{"text":["All right. I want to take a quick detour. Staying with Secretary Rice, she spoke at a conference this week concerning HBCUs, or historically black colleges and universities. And she championed more diversity among diplomats, saying, I have lamented that I can go into a meeting at the Department of State, and as a matter of fact I can go into a whole day of meetings at the Department of State, and actually rarely see somebody who looks like me. And that is just not acceptable.","So Emira, do you think that having more black people in diplomatic positions will change, for example, Africa policy?","Well clearly, we have had Condoleezza Rice at the top of the ticket, right?She has been the lead in U. S. -Africa policy and broader U. S.  foreign policy. And that has not necessarily improved U. S.  relations with Africa. If anything, this administration has had a more militaristic approach to Africa under Condoleezza Rice. So it is important to make sure that there are a range of views represented in foreign policy, a range of views that will bring about a more responsible U. S.  engagement with the continent, and with the rest of the world.","And so, yes, it would be great to have more people from black and brown communities in those senior places, but it is important what their views are, what their foreign policy agenda is. I think we are now in the 21st century, where we have to push forward to say, we demand, really, that the U. S.  engages in a more responsible way with Africa and the rest of the evolving world."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Having people from diverse communities in senior positions is important, but their views and foreign policy agenda matter more","questions":"What is more important than having people from diverse communities in senior positions according to PersonA's viewpoint?","answer":"views"}
{"text":["Inside of his house, family pictures decorate the walls and the fridge. Les has 15 great grandchildren. He grew up in an orphanage, and he couldn't wait to leave to join the military. And so in early 1944, he boarded a ship and crossed the Atlantic Ocean to go to the frontline.","I loved that sailing on, of course. It was so dramatic. You could see all these ships bobbing up and down on the ocean. And destroyers were weaving in and out of them to make sure they uncovered any mines or anything.","When he got to England for the first time, he met other paratroopers who'd already seen combat. Les was a rookie with something to prove.","It was hard to make friends."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Sailing across the ocean during wartime was a perilous experience.","questions":"How would you describe the sailing experience during wartime?","answer":"Dramatic"}
{"text":["Well, I would imagine that if you can survive all that stuff, right, and you can be zapped with radiation, frozen to almost to almost absolute zero, you can dry up or you go into some sort of. . .","It's called the tun phase. They sort of shrivel up, became desiccated, and then they can just survive all of these things, and then be brought back to life.","And they just wait for the right moment to. . .","You just - a drop of water, I think, will do it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It is not actually zapped. It has been exposed to radiation.","questions":"What is the term for the phase that the organism goes through?","answer":"tun"}
{"text":["This report also looked at who could possibly pose this sort of threat, where they're based. What were the findings there?","Al-Qaeda is probably still the lead terrorist group. There are others, as we're seeing, or could be seeing, in India right now. Some of them are regional in nature, but the problem is that these terrorists all have organizationally the sophistication to get the technology to use one of these weapons. And we know that they have the desire to do it.","Now, we don't think they have the capability yet, but they have the sophistication to get it. And it terms of bio, if they recruit the right, you know, bio scientist or two, they get the technical capability.","Do the recent bombings last week in Mumbai add any weight to this report?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Al-Qaeda is the most likely terrorist group to use weapons","questions":"What terrorist group is the most probable to use weapons?","answer":"AlQaeda"}
{"text":["You're welcome. What a pleasure.","What are the factors you had to take into consideration to do things like help create flags and currency for South Sudan?","What I learned was these state symbols are really marks of consensus. They're about design, but they're really about agreement. So South Sudan is comprised of 60 ethnic tribes, and for the one symbol that they were able to produce during the time of the referendum to the time of their independence, they produced a national seal. And they had to get the agreement of 28 cabinet ministers representing these tribes.","And what's the seal look like?How would you describe it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  B: \"And what's the seal look like? How would you describe it?\"  The literal meaning of this turn is a request for a physical description of the national seal. However, the intended meaning is to ask for the significance or symbolism behind the design of the seal.","questions":"How did PersonB intend to interpret the symbolism behind the design of the seal?","answer":"Significance"}
{"text":["Hi - so glad to have you with us. And let me start here. Just to recap this war of words, Iran says the U. S.  is lying about where the drone was shot down. The U. S.  says Iran is lying. How are we likely to know?How will this be resolved beyond a take one person's word over the other situation?How do they figure that out?","Well, first, there is, obviously, the release of the actual location data for where the BAMS or Broad Area Maritime Surveillance aircraft was flying. That - hopefully, it will be released shortly by Central Command. But part of it, too, Mary Louise, is the fact that there's absolutely no reason for this aircraft to have to fly over Iran to gather the data that the U. S.  military was interested in gathering.","You're saying there's circumstantial evidence that just - why would it have been there?- which tends to support the U. S.  position.","Well, right. And no U. S.  commander - speaking from experience - would put the aircraft in that kind of a situation. And for your audience, that reason is that, unlike aircraft - surveillance aircraft in the past, the kind of sensor systems that are onboard this drone are such that they can see dozens and dozens and dozens of miles away from the aircraft. So, you know, it's flying up above 50,000 feet over the Strait of Hormuz. It can monitor the entire strait plus see inside Iran without having to fly over it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : monitor implies to watch and detect presence of something, it's not the computer television-like device","questions":"How can the drone monitor the entire strait and see inside Iran without having to fly over it?","answer":"Sensor"}
{"text":["Hi - so glad to have you with us. And let me start here. Just to recap this war of words, Iran says the U. S.  is lying about where the drone was shot down. The U. S.  says Iran is lying. How are we likely to know?How will this be resolved beyond a take one person's word over the other situation?How do they figure that out?","Well, first, there is, obviously, the release of the actual location data for where the BAMS or Broad Area Maritime Surveillance aircraft was flying. That - hopefully, it will be released shortly by Central Command. But part of it, too, Mary Louise, is the fact that there's absolutely no reason for this aircraft to have to fly over Iran to gather the data that the U. S.  military was interested in gathering.","You're saying there's circumstantial evidence that just - why would it have been there?- which tends to support the U. S.  position.","Well, right. And no U. S.  commander - speaking from experience - would put the aircraft in that kind of a situation. And for your audience, that reason is that, unlike aircraft - surveillance aircraft in the past, the kind of sensor systems that are onboard this drone are such that they can see dozens and dozens and dozens of miles away from the aircraft. So, you know, it's flying up above 50,000 feet over the Strait of Hormuz. It can monitor the entire strait plus see inside Iran without having to fly over it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : monitor implies to watch and detect presence of something, it's not the computer television-like device","questions":"What systems are onboard this drone?","answer":"Sensor"}
{"text":["They have been sheltered. And now, several of - because Salvini said, I won't accept them unless other countries take them. And several other European countries have agreed to divide them up.","And meanwhile, in general, migrants are continuing to come to Europe in big numbers.","Not really. There's been a huge drop in the first six months of this year - 2,100, compared to about 14,300 the year before. That's an 85% drop.","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : although there are still migrants coming to Europe, the number has significantly decreased.","questions":"What has been the percentage decrease in the number of migrants coming to Europe in the first six months of this year?","answer":"85%"}
{"text":["Oh, absolutely.","You know, like, what are some of the other barbecue don'ts that come up when all of you all get together?","I think hovering is a big one, people who want to jump on the grill before they've been invited to, people who think they're helping out by bringing a side of beef that they figure you have room on the grill to just add that into your menu, any kind of, you know, presumptuous guests.","What about some barbecue do's?Are there some do's that you wish people would do that they perhaps don't think to do?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : do's refers to all acceptable behavior and activities","questions":"How does turn 3 define \"do's\"?","answer":"Acceptable"}
{"text":["To be fair to President Trump, while tariffs, in my view, represent appalling economic policy, they are a reasonable political tactic in seizing the attention of a foreign government - in this case, China. And he succeeded on that. But in terms of the outcome that he produces, it'll be a classic case of the glass being either half-full or half-empty, depending on who looks at it.","Market access and a reduction in the U. S.  trade deficit with China over time - the glass will be more than half full. But on the others, the glass will get progressively empty. And I would be surprised, particularly on that question of state subsidy for China's high-technology industries, whether we'll see much substantive Chinese movement at all.","Do you think that Chinese leaders respect President Trump and his negotiating style?","I think the Chinese see in Trump two things. One is a preparedness to double down on these trade negotiations over a long period of time to extract maximum change in the Chinese position. So they see Trump as exercising American strength."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The outcome of President Trump's negotiations with China is likely to be uncertain, and it may be difficult to judge the success or failure of his policies.","questions":"What is the uncertainty surrounding President Trump's negotiations with China?","answer":"uncertainty"}
{"text":["This is WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. I'm Scott Simon. General Abdel Fattah el-Sisi has had a rapid career rise. He was appointed Egypt's defense minister after the Arab Spring outpouring by Egypt's first freely elected president, the Muslim Brotherhood's Mohamed Morsi. But just a year later, General Sisi helped oust Mr.  Morsi and then he began to run the country. Now, his title is Field Marshal Sisi, the top military post. And just this past week, he took the next step to becoming Egypt's next president. The possible rise of a new military strongman raises questions about if the Arab Spring put Egypt on a path of democracy and civilian rule or more authoritarianism. Samer Shehata joins us. He's a political scientist at University of Oklahoma, and he joins us from the studios of KGOU in Norman, Oklahoma. Samer, thanks very much for being with us.","Pleasure to speak to you.","Why is a field marshal, according to various surveys, so popular in Egypt?","He's popular for a number of reasons. One, there were many people, of course, who were opposed to the Muslim Brotherhood and Mr.  Morsi before he became president. And of course it was a disastrous year in office. And there are many people who, as a result of all of that, are longing for stability and security. And the idea of a military general running the show is reassuring."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"various surveys\" - Literal meaning: different types of research studies. Actual meaning: There have been different opinion polls or data gathering methods used to understand why Field Marshal Sisi is popular in Egypt.","questions":"Which data?","answer":"Opinion"}
{"text":["And how much do we know at this moment in time, this early in the day, about what the damage is up there?","You know, we saw reports. As we were doing live coverage, we saw reports of damage start to trickle in. But, really, right after an earthquake, it is, like, fog of war. No one knows what's going on. Emergency responders are just going out trying to survey the damage. We did hear reports of fires.","We got some calls into our - into KPCC of people telling us that they had fallen. One woman said that she thought maybe she broke her wrist. And there were a lot of people who were just afraid to go back into their houses, which is another big thing with big earthquakes - is that it disrupts people's lives not just for that one moment, but continuously, especially after aftershock after aftershock after aftershock keeps hitting.","All right. Well, we'll be getting updates throughout the morning. And thanks very much for joining us. KPCC's Jacob Margolis, science reporter and host of a podcast called \"The Big One: Your Survival Guide. \"Thank you, Jacob."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : We saw reports of damage slowly come in to our studio. It is chaotic and confusing for everyone right after an earthquake and everyone is a bit stunned.","questions":"Which podcast does Jacob Margolis host?","answer":"Survival"}
{"text":["Yeah?","But that was one that you know, through all the red tape, it actually made it to the record.","So, from an audience standpoint, Miles Davis, it was crazy to see him in the '80s. You know, back to the audience, head down, blow a couple of notes, walk off stage for half hour and come back. What was it like working with him during that time?","Well, during the '80s I think he was passed that. I think it was more like that in the '60s. In the '80s, he was very open. I mean, he was a good friend to me. I spent a lot of personal time with him, you know, at his house and just chatting, and he would paint, you know, and we would just hang out, man. I spent a lot of quality time with him, you know.","You also are into blues, obviously. \"The Good Girl Blues\" that was the last CD. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Discussing the difficulties to get something done despite bureaucracy","questions":"How did Miles Davis act during the '80s?","answer":"a"}
{"text":["Yeah, I believe there's a certainty of it. I started out my career as a journalist covering races in Mississippi, and every year people would try to give black people bad information, and we at the local black newspaper would find ourselves, you know, working with the NAACP, trying to get out good information. They would go through black neighborhoods and pass out flyers saying don't forget to vote on Wednesday, for instance. I'm sure that tactic, which is one of the tried and true, will be tried again somewhere in this country.","Well, Benjamin Jealous, thank you so much.","Thank you. It's a real pleasure.","Benjamin Jealous is the president of the NAACP."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : People may try to give misleading information to black people during an election.","questions":"What was Benjamin Jealous' profession before becoming the president of the NAACP?","answer":"Career"}
{"text":["Well, it is. It starts off in Pumalin Park, which is temperate rain forest - so think of the coast of British Columbia - all the way down into the grassland\/steppe areas toward the tip of the country. It really encompasses almost every ecotone that one would find in the south of the country.","We should note this is now the largest private donation of land to a government ever. You and your husband ran this place as a park for a long time. I've been there. And it is indeed just one of the most beautiful places I've ever been. Why hand it over to the government of Chile?","Well, you know, we grew up within the national parks here in the United States. And there is a sense of, I would even say, ownership by every American who goes through the front gates of Yellowstone or Yosemite, that those are public parks. They belong to everybody. And Chile is no different. We hope that somehow between the creation of national parks, the development of what we call economic development as a consequence of conservation that precious masterpieces of the country will be preserved forever.","Have you gotten guarantees, though, that the government of Chile will run it in a way that's sustainable?There have been concerns about the capacity of the government of Chile to really run these parks in the same way that you've run them."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In this turn, the speaker is using the phrase \"ownership\" in a figurative sense, meaning a sense of responsibility, connection, and stewardship towards national parks, rather than actual legal ownership.","questions":"How did the speaker use the word \"ownership\"?","answer":"Figurative"}
{"text":["With us now, author and economist Julianne Malveaux, she is president of Bennett College. Welcome, Dr.  Malveaux.","Greetings, Farai. How are you?","I'm doing well, but some people aren't. And let's talk about these figures and really, what is shifting in our economy right now in terms of the different sectors where people are losing these tens of thousands of jobs?","Well, people are looking ahead and they're very uncertain, and that's what we see in markets. We see people laying people off. We also have some challenge in financial market. Certainly, the Bear Stearns' crisis raises all kinds of questions. The housing market, of course, we've talked about that on this program several times, but the fact is that we see a stagnancy. We don't see growth. We see houses that are overvalued. Lots of people in mortgage crisis. People who bought homes within the last five years finding that they overpaid for their homes and they couldn't sell them in what they paid for them, so they're stuck. That removes liquidity."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Certainly, the Bear Stearns' crisis raises all kinds of questions.\" - The literal meaning is a statement about the impact of the Bear Stearns crisis on the financial market. The implied meaning is that the Bear Stearns' crisis has resulted in uncertainty and questions about the stability of the financial market.","questions":"Which crisis?","answer":"Bear"}
{"text":["Absolutely. Marine Le Pen did very well. That was expected. It wasn't a huge shock. She got about 24% of the vote. Macron avoided disaster. He personally invested in the campaign. He got about 22%, so came in, you know, second. But it was clearly a rebuke - a rebuke to him. And the - you know, the top person in Marine Le Pen's party lists said, the president - he turned this vote into a plebiscite, and he got his answer. The people are against him and his policies.","That is NPR's Eleanor Beardsley in Paris.","Eleanor, thanks so much.","Michel, good to be with you."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Macron did not do well in the election.","questions":"What was the percentage of votes obtained by Macron in the election?","answer":"Treasury"}
{"text":["I had a very sobering experience last week. Michigan's Democratic governor was tapped to play the part of Sarah Palin in practice debates with Joe Biden. And while she was out of the state, I wrote a fantastic column whose premise was that Sarah Palin had arrived in Michigan, barged into the vacant governor's office, and decided to see what she could do to whip our mopey little state into shape.","Now, what I was not prepared for was the hundreds of readers who called the Free Press to ask, did the governor of Alaska really crash into the governor's office and take over the state for a day?And I spoke to one woman, and I said, ma'am, isn't this premise a little bit implausible?And she said, Mr.  Dickerson, a lot of what I see on the news doesn't make sense these days, but it all seems to be true.","And I think that's the level of confusion and shock and awe that's out there in our state these days. They really don't know which end is up.","Brian Dickerson is a political columnist for the Detroit Free Press, getting a lot of interesting phone calls and letters. Thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The columnist's fictional premise was mistaken for a real event","questions":"Which state's governor was mistaken for Sarah Palin in the columnist's fictional premise?","answer":"Fictional"}
{"text":["Well - and I think I'll compete by getting out there, by talking to folks like I always do. I think I've also done more on sort of the original sin of where we are in a post-Citizens United world, getting rid of dark money and the outside influences of dollars. When laws are literally written now to make donors happy, we've got a problem.","We do know that voters are very concerned about health care. We certainly saw that in the midterm elections. And you recently expanded Medicaid in your state - something that you've just mentioned.","We got it reauthorized, yeah.","But you haven't publicly supported single-payer health care. That seems to be a very popular position in the Democratic Party now, along with the Green New Deal. What is your position on single-payer and the Green New Deal?","You bet. You bet. First, starting, like, everyone should have access to health care. And it should be affordable. And that is what I've been working on in Montana, both through Medicaid expansion, through high-risk pools, through other things. And I think that you can get to universal accessibility and affordability in a way that isn't necessarily Medicare for all because you'd be disrupting - I don't know - 155 million people that have employer-sponsored health care. You do it by having a public option, no Medicare buy-in. It's about time when we can negotiate prescription drug prices with the biggest payer, which is Medicare. But it's that corrupting dollars that keep us out of that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : \"You do it by having a public option, no Medicare buy-in.\" - The phrase \"you do it\" here means \"the solution is to,\" and does not refer to a physical act of doing something.","questions":"How does the speaker propose achieving universal accessibility and affordability in healthcare?","answer":"Public"}
{"text":["Wow. So that must have even surprised the researchers, I imagine.","Yeah, well the big thing is nobody really has any even guess about how the brain is able to do this. They did some similar experiments where they weren't turning somebody's world upside-down, they were - they had goggles that reversed right and left. So everything that was on your right is suddenly on your left.","And again, the first few days were just madness from the point of view of somebody doing this. The whole world is reversed. But after a few days, the brain adjusted to it.","Amazing. And so when they took the goggles of him and he had to go back to the normal life, how long did that take?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The brain is capable of adjusting to unusual situations quickly.","questions":"What is the main point of turn 2?","answer":"Adjusting"}
{"text":["John, you've been explaining to us how the ripple effects of Wall Street are hitting the average American, and now we have some questions for you from a few of our listeners. You ready?","Great, Tony, yes.","Here's the first one. Renee Mack Jones(ph) of Atlanta, Georgia, asks this question. I keep hearing people say that this 700 billion dollars in government rescue money is absolutely necessary, and if the government didn't step in and do something, there would have been a global financial meltdown. But there must be some negative side effects to this historically expensive bailout. What are they, and where are the hundreds of billions of dollars coming from when there is such a large deficit already?","Sure. Well, there are two main drawbacks. One is basically the principle that if you bail these folks out, really you're just encouraging them, they need to be punished for their transgressions, and that some feel that what has happened so far really makes them feel that they haven't been spanked hard enough, that they need really some more pain to avoid such problems in the past."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The bailout is not punishment enough for the people responsible for the financial crisis.","questions":"Which principle is mentioned as the drawback of bailing out the people responsible for the financial crisis?","answer":"Principle"}
{"text":["Hey, Geoff.","What's up, Farai?","Well, as you can tell, things are starting to crystallize and solidify in terms of this race. So you've got this endorsement of Barack Obama by Senator Ted Kennedy and his niece, Caroline Kennedy. How's that reverberating online?","Well, it's interesting. After Caroline Kennedy's op-ed appeared in The New York Times, searches of her name rose 179 percent, mainly by people over the age of 35 and across the two-thirds of the nation geographically. Now this is according to Yahoo Buzz Index. Now, for Ted Kennedy, his searches went up 248 percent. People were also searching for more about JFK, Maria Shriver and Jacqueline Kennedy."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This phrase means that the endorsement is having an impact or causing reactions online. It is not referring to actual sound reverberation.","questions":"Which word in turn 3 is being used metaphorically?","answer":"Reverberating"}
{"text":["As soon as we saw it, there's no mistaking it, Mr.  Fernandez told the New York Post. It's basically a miniature version of the shark you see in the movie \"Jaws. \"And Mr.  Fernandez and his fishing buddies were in a boat not far off 116th Street. Close enough, as he said, that we could still see the colors of the bathing suits of the people on the beach.","The great white that Steve Fernandez snagged turned out to be an 80 pound baby shark. The shark's mother, who probably weighs about 600 pounds, was swimming only a little further away. Great white sharks are apparently protected by New York State regulations. The authorities consider sharks too big to fail so the fisher people snapped a few shark selfies and slipped their catch back into the see. A great white shark in far Rockaway, Queens - well, why not?They say you can find at least one of everything somewhere in New York. But wouldn't you think the sharks would swim closer to Wall Street?","(Singing) Baby there's a shark in the water. There's something underneath my bed. Oh, please believe, I said. Baby there's a shark in the water. I caught them barking at the moon. You better get here soon.","V.  V.  Brown. You're listening to NPR News."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The lyrics of the song in turn 3 are actually about a romantic relationship, not an actual shark in the water.","questions":"How are the lyrics of the song in turn 3 interpreted?","answer":"Romantic"}
{"text":["Now, how does Ukraine come in?","It's very confusing, but let's see what I can do here. So on the Internet, things move really fast. It's like a huge game of telephone. So once this firm caught the attention of the far-right online, they discovered that it was owned by a Russian American man who had previously done some work for a think tank called the Atlantic Council. It's a D. C. -based think tank, sort of works alongside NATO. And it's a pretty innocuous place. It does research on misinformation and digital warfare, things like that.","And there's a Ukrainian oligarch who was on one of the advisory boards for the Atlantic Council. And it seems somewhere along the line, the Ukrainian oligarch became the owner of CrowdStrike. This is not true, of course. But when things are moving so fast online, facts start to combine together, and it becomes very confusing.","So the idea is people who are on the far-right, conspiracy theorists, went looking for a connection, went looking to say, who are these CrowdStrike guys?And once they do enough looking, they're able to find a Ukrainian oligarch who they say, aha, this is the connection. So what about this server that the president implied was somehow in Ukraine?I mean, he - on this call talked to Ukraine's leader and brought up CrowdStrike. What would he be looking for?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Information on the internet is passed from person to person quickly. The man did some work for an organization where people think of solutions to problems.","questions":"How would you describe the organization the man previously worked for?","answer":"Think"}
{"text":["I would say that those who have sought to make a story of this initially focused on the decision by Hunter Biden to take this lucrative deal. But starting late last year and really kind of earlier this year in March timeframe, Giuliani and his allies have been pushing allegations that Joe Biden when he was vice president used his office to put pressure on the Ukrainian president at the time to fire a prosecutor who they allege was investigating Hunter Biden and the company that had him on the board.","I looked very closely at this and spoke to officials who were involved in that. And I understand the first example of the questions about whether or not he should have taken this job in the first place. I think that is a legitimate topic to be discussed and suggests questionable judgment that was made by Hunter. But in the case of his father using his office to fire this prosecutor, what I found was to the contrary. That prosecutor was not investigating his son or the company and is merely claiming that he did in retrospect.","Does Hunter Biden still hold this position?","He resigned the position on the board earlier this summer and basically decided that it just wasn't worth the heat for himself and for his father."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : He resigned because the job was not worth all of the trouble that he and his father were going through.","questions":"How did Hunter Biden react to the heat he and his father were facing?","answer":"resigned"}
{"text":["Scott Snyder is the senior fellow for Korea studies and the director of the program on U. S. -Korea policy at the Council on Foreign Relations. You're listening to TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News.","And you mentioned that parade of prime ministers in Tokyo. Mr.  Abe himself was a short-term prime minister as he got himself into some trouble on nationalist, among other issues. Is he likely to trim his sails back towards the center this time?He ran a pretty nationalist campaign.","Well, those specialists who have had direct contact with him suggested he's really a realist and a pragmatist. And that, in fact, last time when he was prime minister, he did curb some of those rhetorical impulses and, in fact, opened up kind of a new page in the relationship between Japan and China. Certainly, that sort of statesmanship is in great demand at this stage given the increasing tensions in the regional environment.","And the - as his rule maybe ephemeral, we will have to see. China, the new leaders there can look forward to a decade, if history - recent history is any guide. I guess, we've seen two now transitions of power in China that were reasonably predictable. But as they look ahead, does that suggest caution?Does that suggest - what signs are you looking for, what indicators as to what they will do on the crucial issue, for example, of political reform?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : sail back to the centre implies engaging in doing things right this time in order to build bridges and connection ","questions":"What does Mr. Abe need to do in order to build bridges and connection?","answer":"Trim"}
{"text":["That's absolutely the case. Turkey is the 16th or, by another measure, 17th largest economy in the world. Turks are wealthier than they've been in the past. And that is part of the secret to Erdogan's success. And that is why if there was an election today, I think there's no doubt that Prime Minister Erdogan would win. Perhaps he wouldn't get 49. 95 percent of the vote, but he would certainly get a very large number of votes. There is a growing middle class of people who vote on one issue and one issue only, and that's on their pocketbooks.","Add that to a core constituency and the fact that the opposition parties are extraordinarily weak, don't have much to offer Turks in the way a positive vision for Turkey's future, and Prime Minister Erdogan, despite this being the greatest political crisis of his decade at power, would still prevail.","Give us an idea of who is at these demonstrations, which groups. Are these the disaffected, the people who voted against him, the people who lost the last election, as he puts it?","It's certainly those people. There has been a contingent of secular urban but not all elite people who've come out who have felt hemmed in and marginalized over the course of the last decade. And they're - because their parties have been so ineffective in challenging the Justice and Development Party, they are now finding their voices in the street. Prime Minister Erdogan has wanted to finger the main opposition party, the Republican People's Party, for the demonstrations. That's certainly not the case."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : People voting on their pocketbooks means they vote considering their money\/profit.","questions":"Which issue do people in Turkey's growing middle class vote on?","answer":"economy"}
{"text":["Well, yeah. That's the thing about everything in life, kind of, is that you kind of have to try certain things out to figure out what you want. So it's like you should always be able to have that moment of, like, figuring out who you are by using a bunch of different things that you've heard already. And then instead of still doing that for your whole career, which I think some people do, you have to take that and, like, digest it and then come out with something that's everything combined. And it's your own thing.","(Singing) Where did you go?I should know. But it's cold. And I don't want to be lonely. So show me the way home. I can't lose another life.","I get that sense of being real is something deeply important.","It's very important for me. I just feel uncomfortable having things be disingenuous. Like, I just have a big thing about honesty and, like, real. . ."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The singer is not actually asking someone to show them the way home but rather expressing their loneliness and desperation due to feeling lost and without direction.","questions":"Which turn suggests that the singer's lyrics are not a literal request for help?","answer":"Turn1"}
{"text":["Four. Four. We have two children.","You're a fam of four. And you are in the hospital, all four of you?","Were in the hospital, yes.","So what do you plan to do when the storm stops?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : B is asking about A's plans after the storm, assuming that they are in the hospital for a reason.","questions":"Which assumption does PersonB make about PersonA's reason for being in the hospital?","answer":"Assuming"}
{"text":["I don't think that realistically it means that they could crush them. Of course it would give Assad and his supporters more opportunity to attempt to crush them, but they haven't been able to crush them. And I don't think the balance of fighting over the last several years has been all that favorable to Assad. So I think more likely is an outcome in which there are more casualties, more destruction, more loss of life.","So what's the advantage in a six-month waiting period for a cease-fire?","I don't think they agreed to have a waiting period. I think this is a prognosis - a hopeful prognosis - and that might even entertain the notion that perhaps it could be sooner. I think if the United States and Russia, and Russia using its influence on Syria comes along also, then perhaps there might be more tangible progress in less time than six months.","And what are the common interests, as you see it, that the United States and Russia have in Syria?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  A's actual meaning in this turn is that the United States and Russia, along with Russia's influence on Syria, could potentially make progress on the cease-fire in less than the suggested six-month waiting period.","questions":"How does PersonA believe progress on the cease-fire could potentially be made sooner?","answer":"Russia"}
{"text":["Say that you're 80. . .","OK.","What's Sommore going to be like?","I would probably be like Peg Bundy."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : B is asking about your age, not your grade.","questions":"Which Bundy?","answer":"Peg"}
{"text":["So, what do you make of all these pardons?","These pardons are a typical old practice in Russia and the Soviet Union. But, of course, President Vladimir Putin made a wonderful publicity show of pardoning Mikhail Khodorkovsky and this was totally unexpected. There had been talk about another trial against him. And instead, now he's already in Germany.","Let me ask you about what seemed to be, from Mr.  Putin's point of view, a productive week. Ukraine's government, after weeks of some wavering, decided not to sign an agreement with the European Union and instead threw in with the economic aid package from Moscow. How do you read that?","Well, I think it's quite a victory for President Putin and also for President Yanukovych. What President Putin got, it was some kind of alliance with Ukraine. And he also got support for his kind of economic and political system, rather authoritarian and not quite run by the rule of law. And President Yanukovych, he got $50 million in a probably quite expensive loan, which means that he can keep going for 15 months more, until he has presidential elections in Ukraine.","I'm curious as to why Ukraine seems to be teetering. Because when the USSR split up, a lot of people said this is going to be a country with a lot going for it - almost 50 million people; it was considered the breadbasket of the old Soviet Union; coal, steel. What's happened?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : B: \"Because when the USSR split up, a lot of people said this is going to be a country with a lot going for it\" - The literal meaning of this statement is that people had high expectations for Ukraine after the Soviet Union dissolved. The actual meaning could be that despite Ukraine's potential and resources, its political and economic instability has hindered its progress.","questions":"What does the statement imply about Ukraine's current situation?","answer":"Instability"}
{"text":["Chop, chop into smallish pieces.","OK.","Then you soften eight ounces of cream cheese, and you blend that with two-thirds of a cup of sour cream, get it all nice and smooth and then you spread that over the minced onion.","And you have the ambulance on speed dial, but yeah. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The implied meaning of turn (1) is to hurry up and finish the task quickly.","questions":"How does PersonA want PersonB to chop the ingredients?","answer":"chop"}
{"text":["Well, you know, everything was coming from me, so it was a big more relaxed. The process was very organic because, you know, I didn't intend to write a book or to create these paintings for a book. I was just doing this out of the love for the subject.","But, you know, the more and more I became familiar with this story that, you know, I figured that I really wanted to tell this story in a book and share this story with others because it was so inspirational. It's a great story of perseverance and innovation and pride and excellence amidst adversity.","When African-Americans were confronted with a ban from playing Major League Baseball at the end of the 19th century, they loved baseball so much that they wanted to form their own league. They wanted to form their own grand stage which would allow them to play baseball for a living. And that grand stage became the Negro Leagues, one of the most profitable and successful African-American-owned businesses of all time.","Now you had a unique way of preparing for the book, especially the way you got ready to do the paintings. Tell me how you used the uniform as a way to psyche yourself up.","Well, what I wanted to do was to shed new light on this subject and show this - share this history in a very new way, and I wanted to show new images from the Negro Leagues that have never been seen before. and the only way I could do that really was through this medium, the painted medium."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"shed new light on this subject\" - This phrase is used figuratively to mean providing new and insightful information about a subject, rather than literally illuminating something.","questions":"What does the phrase \"shed new light on this subject\" mean?","answer":"provide"}
{"text":["In the book, you describe what could be seen as a very mundane moment. Stax's owner, Jim Stewart, seated at a small desk in a small office. And across from him at the same desk is a man named Al Bell. I'd like you to read just a little bit for us.","(Reading) Jim was white. Al was black. Jim owns Stax Records. Al was joining the staff to promote the records - get them played, get them sold. It was 1965 in Memphis, Tennessee, the heart of the American South. Throughout this wide region, race mixing was nothing short of an assault on the social realm. Inside Stax Records, whites and blacks had worked side by side for half a decade. People who couldn't publicly dine together were making beautiful music that the public - black and white - loved to hear.","There was a core group that became kind of a house band.","Booker T and the MGs."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The second turn implies that Jim and Al working together at the same desk was an act of defiance against the racial norms of the time.","questions":"What was the name of the group mentioned in the third turn?","answer":"core"}
{"text":["It's probably a combination of both. The sense that people have out there is that there is certainly a level of speculator buying by local investors, by local real-estate investors. But you know, there's quite a number of loans also being made to first-time buyers and others who are looking to move and so forth.","And meanwhile, there are various plans to try to get homeowners to hang on to their homes, to stay in their homes and avoid foreclosures, one coming out from the FDIC's Sheila Bair. Tell us about that.","Yeah. So, the plan that Ms.  Bair talked about yesterday at a hearing in Washington was that if servicers - these are mortgages companies that basically handle collections and billing on behalf of investors and banks - if they agree to modify some of these troubled loans in a way that the government says you should do, then the government would agree to shoulder any or shoulder a part of the future loss under this loan.","So, who would that help, the homeowners or the banks?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : If mortgage companies agree to modify loans according to government standards, the government will help shoulder future losses.","questions":"How would the government assist in the future losses of those who modified their loans?","answer":"a"}
{"text":["Has the United States done this before - taken back citizens who have some connection to ISIS fighters?","We know of one previous case. That's of Samantha El Hassani and her four children, who were repatriated to the U. S.  She's now standing trial in Indiana in a federal court, accused of providing material support to terrorism. Although, she's pleading not guilty, saying, you know, her husband dragged her to Syria. The U. S.  has said that they want to take back citizens. And President Trump has even urged in a tweet for other countries to take their citizens back. But it's not a blanket acceptance of people from Syria. The State Department says they're looking at the individuals on a case-by-case basis. And there is the ongoing controversial case of Hoda Muthana. She was born in New Jersey. She's been previously issued with U. S.  passports, but the U. S.  is challenging her citizenship status because her father is Yemeni.","As you point out, this is not just about U. S.  citizens. Tens of thousands of people went to Syria and Iraq to join ISIS. How are other countries handling this with their own citizens?","Well, as you say, it's a huge problem. So we're looking at about 46 other countries who are having to deal with this at the moment. And there's 13,000 women and children in the camps in Syria as well as the men in prisons. Some people have - some countries have taken their citizens back, like Kazakhstan and Sudan. But a lot of countries in Europe are saying, you know, we don't want these people back. The U. K.  has gone as far as stripping some people of citizenship."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Not all citizens from Syria will be accepted back.","questions":"What is the reason for the State Department's selective approach to accepting citizens from Syria?","answer":"Case-by-case"}
{"text":["Yeah.","There is still that love. There still that. . .","There absolutely is.",". . . Acceptance."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B is trying to express that love still exists despite some setbacks","questions":"How does PersonB feel about love?","answer":"Exists"}
{"text":["Yeah. The embassy guards, it's kind of a, you know, a misperception. In any embassy they essentially protect the chancellery in the embassy and the ambassador's residence itself, and particularly to, you know, you get them into a safe place if there is an attack or to - and if that fails, to destroy the classified material and so forth.","They're not responsible for the overall external or internal security of the embassy compound per se. They can augment that and they have if necessary, but there is a diplomatic security mission that does that sort of thing, and then - obviously which didn't happen on this case. You're hoping that you've got a competent external protection from the host nation, which is responsible for the safety of the entire compound.","We're talking with retired Marine Colonel Gary Anderson about lessons learned from before and during the attack in Benghazi. You're listening to TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News.","And any number of recommendations were made by the Pickering Mullen report. As you look at those, are they going to address the kinds of interagency communications problems that you're worried about?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Diplomatic security mission is responsible for the safety of the entire compound","questions":"How is the safety of the entire compound ensured?","answer":"Diplomatic"}
{"text":["Great to be here.","And a little background: It's been almost 20 years since the end of Guatemala's so-called Dirty War. General Rios Montt is now 86 years old. Some might wonder if justice delayed is justice denied.","Well, this obviously has been a really long time in coming for the victims of the crimes in Guatemala, and for their country, as well. I think the victims who had an opportunity to testify in the trial proceedings would say that justice ultimately was not denied, as a result of this really historic outcome, that I don't think anybody expected to happen.","Why?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : a long time coming means something has been meaning to happen but hasn't happened until recently","questions":"How would you describe the outcome of the trial in Guatemala?","answer":"Historic"}
{"text":["You described some playwrights, Beckett, for example, as somebody whose work seems to back away from you the closer you get it. But Miller's play, you say, is not like that.","No. It wasn't like - my experience with Chekhov and Beckett was just what you'd call - that they get harder and harder as you go. But with \"Salesman,\" surprisingly, because it's fully as great a play as those others, it did welcome us and come toward us day by day. And then, we did a fairly smart thing, which is that we had a workshop just for ourselves for almost a month, and nobody ever saw it and we didn't perform it, but we just worked on it. And then as per plan, we went away for over three and a half months.","And then when we came back, we went into rehearsal and then finally got onstage and did it. And the three and a half months living and doing other things made a surprisingly big difference. It just sank into everybody and took enormous strides all on its own, and that was both exciting and surprising in its extent. And also, it was a clue to what was going to continue to happen, which is that it just burrowed deeper and deeper into the actors and they - into one another, and they have become a family. And they're - what goes on between them is - I've never seen - in my experience, I've never seen it quite like this.","Philip Seymour Hoffman obviously plays the lead role. Is - did the play come first or the actor come first?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"did the play come first or the actor come first?\" - This is a literal question that asks which came first, the play or the actor, without any metaphorical meaning.","questions":"What is the literal question that PersonB asks in turn 3?","answer":"Literal"}
{"text":["You know, we like to be considered a young couple.","We are a young couple.","But I don't know about role model and the word role model, but I like the word responsibility. And Gina and I do feel a tremendous amount of responsibility in terms of the images we project, and the fact that, hopefully - you know, we get letters all the time, and I think one of the nicest letters we received was from one of our fans that watched the show that said, you know, you gals have really enhanced my marriage. Me and my husband, we get in the kitchen, we cook, and we spend time together. And it's those types of testimonies that really motivate Gina and I, and make us feel real good about what we're doing.","All right. Now, I want you to make my taste buds jump. I am not in front of any of your food, but I want you to describe this dish that sounds so intriguing, barbequed spaghetti. What does that taste like?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  All right. Now, I want you to make my taste buds jump. I am not in front of any of your food, but I want you to describe this dish that sounds so intriguing, barbequed spaghetti. What does that taste like?  The phrase \"make my taste buds jump\" is an idiomatic expression that means to describe something in a way that sounds so delicious that it creates a physical reaction in the listener.","questions":"Which idiom is used by PersonB to describe the act of describing a dish in a way that it creates a physical reaction in the listener?","answer":"Jump"}
{"text":["You know, while the cat was away the mice could play, and the gangsters increased their power, because being gangsters, a lot of them didn't have to serve. You know, they got out of the draft and a lot of men were aware and effort was focused elsewhere. So, their power increased and that's why you had a lot of gang wars at the end of the '40s and the beginning of the '50s. And I grew up in that era. But I also grew up with gangsters, because my father had to deal with them in various capacities and we lived among. . .","Your father ran the film company.","My father ran London Films. He made films like \"The Red Shoes,\" \"The Third Man. \"And he had had a long career in the film business, which was bifurcated with a career in intelligence. He had to deal with gangsters, and sometimes he would take me with him. Also, I went to school with their children. So, my rendition of gangsters is a little different from screenwriters' rendition of gangsters because screenwriters only know what they see in other movies. I actually grew up with these people and I think I have a pretty realistic take on it.","I was struck by something that Harry Copeland tells his aunt at one point in Staten Island. He says there was more light and air in the war than now. What did that mean?","Well, that I take from my own experience."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In (4), the question \"What did that mean?\" implies that the listener wants an explanation of the deeper meaning or significance behind Harry Copeland's statement, rather than a literal interpretation of the words \"more light and air in the war than now.\"","questions":"How did the PersonB want the statement to be explained?","answer":"Deeper"}
{"text":["Major party conventions are almost a year away. But let's note this week Senator Elizabeth Warren of Massachusetts seems to be picking up steam, doesn't she?","If the focus is on the economy, well, Elizabeth Warren will tell you she's got a plan for that. And, of course, the other candidates will say they do, too. But policy is really Warren's strong suit. It's one reason she's climbing in the polls even as nearly the - all of the other top-tier candidates are sliding a bit.","Finally, Ron, I had occasion to look up and listen to the Greenland national anthem this week. It's very moving, as you may know. And President Trump, who complained about the fact that Puerto Rico is an island, reportedly wants the U. S.  or wanted the U. S.  to buy Greenland. What do you make of this?","Yeah, this is apparently one of the good islands. It's not so crazy an idea. The United States was interested in buying Greenland in the 1860s when we bought Alaska from Russia. And we were interested again after World War II when we were trying to keep Russia at bay. The only problem is Greenland belongs to Denmark. Denmark doesn't want to sell. And a lot of people in Greenland would rather be independent. So don't watch for the just-sold sign anytime soon."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : picking up steam means she is getting more popular","questions":"Which candidate is climbing in the polls even as nearly all of the other top-tier candidates are sliding a bit?","answer":"Elizabeth-Warren"}
{"text":["He wanted two basic political reforms. The major one is called open primary electoral system. And essentially, what that means, instead of having Democrats run against Democrats and Republicans against Republicans in primary elections in the state, you would throw all of them into the mix and the top two vote-getters would advance to the general election. And the idea, if you believe proponents, is that it would allow kind of more moderate candidates to survive what are now hardest in the primary election. Instead, that you'll be catering to kind of a more moderate, wider electorate in the primary.","So, finally there is a budget. How has Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger reacted to this?","He hasn't said a whole lot yet, but his - I know that his staff is celebrating. This is a huge win for the governor. The framework is essentially what he's been calling for, for months. He's been urging both political parties to come out of their ideological corners. This has been his calling card for the past year, and if you look at the outline that he unveiled three months ago, this budget blueprint is essentially everything that he asked for. It's a major win for the governor.","And in his latest version of the budget, who were the big winners and losers?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Open primary electoral system would help moderate candidates.","questions":"How would the open primary electoral system impact primary elections?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["Thanks so much for having me, Farai.","So this is a whole special issue on the issue of prisons. Your article talks about the economic impact the prison system is having on the nation. So what kind of money are we talking about?","We're talking about a tremendous amount of money that's being spent nationally and by the individual states, at least 55 billion dollars a year spent on our prison system, on every conceivable aspect of it. And the numbers are absolutely astonishing, as you mentioned.","Times like this, when the economies of states are in default, can states really afford this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The topic of discussion is about the cost of prisons.","questions":"Which issue is the article talking about?","answer":"Economic"}
{"text":["Sure, Scott.","Russia's been taking over bases in Crimea all this week following the referendum. Was this expected?Were there any signs of resistance, near as you can tell?","There were signs of resistance. So, just to give you a sense, so this was an airbase - the tarmac area was taken weeks ago. That was in the initial occupation by Russian forces. This part of the base is where the soldiers and the pilots lived, and lived with their families. There were houses, apartments right around there. So not a strategic area but certainly symbolic. And all these bases had a deadline of yesterday. This base missed that deadline; they had an ultimatum of today to evacuate the base or be stormed.","Significantly, this was one of the few bases that did announce their intention to fight. We're not sure what that would lead to, whether it would lead to death. And this is all because of the commander. Very interesting guy named Yuli Montir(ph), who became famous for a YouTube video that he put up, saying that he'd stand until he heard from Kiev, which has not given any information to these soldiers as to what they're supposed to do. Whether they're supposed to evacuate, evacuate or fight. And so when the Russians did come, it was very expected. They came today and the attack was very swift. Military people describe it as very professional. It was clearly designed to minimize casualties, and it seems to have done so. In fact, an ambulance followed the tank that crashed open the gate today."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) has an implied meaning different from its literal meaning. The speaker is describing the attack on the military base mentioned in (3). The attack was swift and professional, designed to minimize casualties. The fact that an ambulance followed the tank that crashed open the gate implies that the Russians were prepared for possible injuries or casualties, and were taking steps to minimize them.","questions":"How did the Russians prepare for possible injuries or casualties during the attack?","answer":"Ambulance"}
{"text":["Kenneth, generally this song is called the Negro national anthem or the black national anthem. Finally, we turn to Anise Benerman(ph) in Durham, North Carolina, who wrote in about the segment called \"Ready to get married but can't find a mate. \"She said it hit close to home.","I'm one of those early 30s never married, no kids, African-American females. I make decent money but I am by no means well off. I've had brothers tell me they can't do anything for me after finding out where I reside and what I drive. Besides economics, appearance and what's pleasing to the eye has a lot to do with marriage statistics in our community. I've been told that I was cute for a dark girl, but they prefer redbones. They like longer hair, thinner thighs and all sorts of superficial nonsense. I think a lot of brothers have taken on the European standards of beauty.","And that's it for letters. Thank you for writing, and please keep yours coming.","To write to us, just log on to npr. org and click on Contact Us. When you get there, you'll see lots of shows to choose from. Make sure you pick News & Notes when you write to us."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Appearance and superficial standards are prioritized over personality and character in African-American community","questions":"What is a common factor affecting African-American marriage statistics besides economics?","answer":"Appearance"}
{"text":["We submitted this proposal yesterday to President-elect Obama, his transition team, and congressional leaders. As you may know, right now, they are working on trying to develop an economic stimulus plan that they're hoping to enact early in 2009. We are suggesting that this be part of that plan.","The National Retail Federation's leadership thinks that we need a two-pronged approach for fiscal stimulus. We think that you need something to provide some long-term economic stimulus, such as investment in infrastructure, which is being suggested. But that type of stimulus has a long lead time.","We think that you also need something that's developed to provide some short-term economic stimulus. As you may know, consumer spending accounts for 70 percent of the GDP. So we think that if, through these sales tax holidays, we can do something to spur consumer spending, that that will get re-circulated through the economy and will have a positive effect in 2009.","There are some states out there, for example Oregon and Maine, which currently don't have sales taxes throughout the year. Is there anything that you can potentially learn from states that have been doing this for a while?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : long lead time means it takes awhile for something to happen","questions":"What type of stimulus has a long lead time?","answer":"Infrastructure"}
{"text":["Right, I got the love of that from my grandfather. He was a Brooklyn Dodger fan going all the way back to the 1930s. And when I was a kid, I was a Mets fan, and this is in the late '70s or early '80s. There really wasn't a lot of good things to talk about when you're a Mets fan. So I would sit on the porch with my grandfather, and he would start talking to me about the old Brooklyn Dodgers. And, you know, he'd talk about people like Dazzy Vance and Duke Snider and Jackie Robinson, but then he'd start talking about a guy named Pete Reiser. Pete played in the early 1940s. And he would get this glazed look in his eye - this sad, faraway look - when he would tell about Pete Reiser. And he would say that he was probably the best ballplayer that ever played. And I was fairly well-read as a kid on baseball history, but I had never heard of Pete Reiser. So it made me get into baseball history and try to find those players that had an interesting story, which led me to find out what had happened to Pete Reiser and his career.","There are people who will tell you that Pete Reiser was the best of all time, except for the fact he kept running into walls.","He is credited with having five outfield collisions, and 11 times he was carried away off the field on a stretcher. Nine of those times he was unconscious. And today, he's the reason why Major League Baseball has padded outfield walls.","Another name that has been lost to history - Steve Dalkowski."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) Implied meaning: The speaker's interest in baseball history was sparked by his grandfather's stories about the Brooklyn Dodgers and a player named Pete Reiser, who was considered by his grandfather to be one of the best ballplayers ever despite not being well-known.","questions":"What was the name of the player that the PersonA's grandfather thought was the best ballplayer ever?","answer":"Pete-Reiser"}
{"text":["When I was in a refugee camp, I did everything to survive, you know. And me and my friends, we used to go and steal chickens, and we used to go and pretend to other staff, so just to make a living and I've reached here because of the horrible things I've done but I'm saying it's not great but sometimes we are forced to sin to make a living.","(Singing) We used to raid(ph) villages Steal in chickens, goats and sheeps Anything we could eat I knew it was rude But we needed food And therefore I was","Forced to sin, forced to sin To make a living Forced to sin. . .","You know, at this point in time you've seen so many things that other people haven't and you've written that into your music. Are you hopeful that your music can transform lives?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker and their friends committed crimes to fulfill their basic needs in the refugee camp","questions":"What did the speaker steal in the refugee camp?","answer":"Chickens"}
{"text":["So I'm afraid he's not someone who looks at the situation in the same way that Western leaders do. He has different calculations, and he's trying to see if the Syrian state can be held together by Mr.  Assad. And I guess he will wait until it becomes completely apparent that that will not happen.","We're speaking with Fiona Hill, co-author with Clifford Gaddy of \"Mr.  Putin: Operative in the Kremlin. \"Her recent piece in Foreign Affairs, \"The Real Reason Putin Supports Assad: Mistaking Syria for Chechnya. \"You can find a link to that article at our website, go to npr. org, click on TALK OF THE NATION. And this is TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News.","Now, there is some suspicion that Syria may devolve into, well, different little warlord states, including an Alawite state led by Mr.  Assad based in the western part of the country near the Mediterranean. That's where the Alawites, 12 percent of the population live, and that's the element from which Mr.  Assad's family comes as well. At that point in the game, what does Russia do?","Well, you know, it's a very good question. I think it will depend on whether Assad asks for some kind of recognition for that state as the rump state of Syria, with the expectation that the rest of the territory might be regained. And if you think back to 2008, Putin actually has a track record already established, a recognition of entity."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : I'm afraid in this context means that the person doesn't like what they are saying but its true","questions":"What does \"I'm afraid\" imply in turn 0?","answer":"Dislike"}
{"text":["That's true. Actually, the crime rate in Norway isn't really that high, so the police helicopter is actually more of a surveillance helicopter. It doesn't really carry people. But there is, as you found out, afterwards, there is a kind of - or should be a kind of co-working between the police and the air force, which didn't. . .","Didn't work, yeah.",". . . as it should (unintelligible). And there are also, on different areas, a lot of other routines that really didn't work as they were set up to be, so there had been a lot of criticism. And I think very much on the political side has changed and will change in the months and years to come because of what happened.","One, final question. In his manifesto, Breivik claimed to be the commander of a group of extremists in Europe. He called them the Knights Templar. Any evidence of that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) - B is implying that Breivik's claims may not be true, even though it is not explicitly stated.","questions":"How is PersonB questioning Breivik's claims?","answer":"Implies"}
{"text":["Sure. Well, before she becomes a pirate, she tries shoplifting. And when Gwen is shoplifting, she imagines herself as named Octavia. She imagines herself to much more glamorous persons, so there's a little bit in this book that's here.","(Reading) She remembered what it was called - shoplifting - and pictured lifting the whole place, the aisles tilting and tumbling their baubles and trinkety treasures into her pockets. Pink razors for her burnt leg and then a keychain she thought Naomi would like. And when she realized she could steal for other people, it was an avalanche, a chew bone for Toby the II, more stuff for Naomi, a stuffed bear and a tiny license plate that said Naomi. Three flasks of perfume, curvy and shapey like internal organs in her pockets, and she was done with Mother's Day for ages.","Her father liked the electronic things, which were behind locked cabinets. But she grabbed a slick stereo magazine and managed to slip into one of her boots. It would be a way to warm him for taking the bus by herself. By now she was thirsty and rounded a corner to open a fridge and grab an iced tea in a bottle that felt so good in her hands. It was One Universe Green Tea, which the label said was good for the immune system and for Octavia's skin. No one had stopped her. No one had spoken to her. It was smooth sailing. All for one and one for all.","So is there a straight line from that to piracy or just adolescence?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"she imagines herself as named Octavia\" - actual meaning: she imagines herself being someone else named Octavia, not that her name changes to Octavia.","questions":"How does Gwen imagine herself when she is shoplifting?","answer":"Octavia"}
{"text":["And how do you?","So what we found works the best is you need champions within that community. You need strong, influential voices that are going to say we need to accept these girls and women back, and the children. These are victims, it was not their fault. They're part and parcel of our society. So what we do is we identify not just the traditional religious and community leaders, but also those who have an influential voice amongst the women in particular in the community, so that they can become those carriers of the messages that these girls, these women, they deserve our support. They deserve our acceptance back. And then we can open up community dialogues so that people - we can't just dismiss that communities have fear. We must address it head on and allow communities to express those fears, but with religious and traditional leaders providing that voice of reason and tolerance so that these girls and women can come back into their communities.","Rachel Harvey of UNICEF in Nigeria. Thanks for joining us.","Thank you very much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : There are no turns in this conversation.whose actual meaniniNG are different from their literal meanings .All of the turns are being used in a straightforward and litreal meanings","questions":"Which community members does PersonA suggest identifying as carriers of the message for the acceptance of girls and women back into their communities?","answer":"Traditional"}
{"text":["He was a Christian gentleman. And he was the paradigm of the Christian gentleman. He didn't have - he had no mean bone in his body. I'd never heard - you would hear him perhaps talk a little bit askance about someone. But he - but I never heard an ad hominem attack or caustic comment come out of him. He had a beautiful soul. And it was always radiant and on display.","Yeah. In the minute we have left, I sometimes would look at him, and it was hard to imagine him as the very young, teenage, just graduated from a prep school who enlisted and became the youngest flyer in the U. S.  Navy.","The youngest flyer and a decorated aviator at the age of 20. If you see those photos which have been playing across screens today, he looks like he's 14 years old.","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : when someone says \"he had no mean bone in his body\" it means that the person was nice and kind","questions":"Which quality did the person mentioned in the dialogue possess?","answer":"Nice"}
{"text":["So there's a hard position, and there's also a soft position. But at this point, really, how do they engage?'Cause what are they engaging with?","Well, let me ask you about something you said. You said there's hesitancy about decoupling. Are there voices within China that say, maybe we should pursue a more isolationist trade strategy?Is that what that means, decoupling?","China, actually - to be honest with you, this is a Sputnik moment for them. They're not going to talk decoupling now but, actually, they're working on it. This has served China to be a real wakeup call that you can't depend on the U. S. , and you can't be dependent on the U. S. , whether it's for agriculture goods or whether for technology. And so they've been doing this for years, and now they're just redoubling their efforts to get suppliers from different parts of the world. And also, Xi Jinping talks a lot about self-reliance.","I mean, when you talk about China beginning to redouble efforts to become more economically independent, to build up their own, say, technology industry, do they have the capacity to do that, and how long would it take?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : hard position means that someone won't change their opinion on something, where as soft position means they have an opinion but it could change.","questions":"How does PersonA describe China's response to the Sputnik moment?","answer":"Redoubling."}
{"text":["But I do think, at the Pew level, if you will, this is a divisive issue. And I am really hoping and I'm personally praying that evangelicals will stop and say, this one's too far. We don't want to close that golden door on people fleeing persecution, including people who are persecuted for their Christian faith. I think it's maybe not gotten a lot of attention that Christian refugees from some of the countries where Christians face the worst persecution in the world, along with other religious minorities, are also really dramatically harmed by these policies.","As I understand it, a big part of your work is talking to fellow evangelicals about this - about immigration more broadly. Can you give us a sense of what you hear in those conversations?","Yeah. You know, I wouldn't do this work - I think I'd be completely burned out if it wasn't for the opportunities I have on a fairly regular basis to be in an evangelical church in various parts of the country on a Sunday morning, preaching and teaching on God's heart for immigrants.","And what's encouraging to me is when I speak in churches, the response is actually really positive. I think a lot of churches are afraid to even have that conversation. But when they do, I find that most people are really receptive if it's grounded not in a political agenda - we're not there to tell people to vote for Republicans or vote for Democrats - but in a biblical message that focuses on who we know God to be, as revealed in the Bible, and his particular concern for vulnerable refugees."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : to be burned out means you are sick of doing the same thing.","questions":"Which feeling does PersonA say they would have if it wasn't for the opportunities to be in an evangelical church?","answer":"Burned"}
{"text":["No. And it's hard one wisdom that is a positive thing, you know?What would we be if we didn't learn from where we've been?And I think the more effort you spend pushing things away so that you don't have to feel them, see them, experience them, the more exhausted you become. And it's just inevitable that your arms go down and you have to go through them. And so that's what I think of as what's happened here with this record.","Mary Chapin Carpenter, who's on tour here in St.  Louis in support of her new album, \"Ashes and Roses. \"You're listening to TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News. We have time for another song.","We do?","And magically, you've changed guitars silently."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Pushing away emotions and experiences only leads to exhaustion and they must be faced.","questions":"What is the consequence of avoiding emotions and experiences?","answer":"Facing"}
{"text":["Correct.","So, when you write in your - I'm going back to this - your investment outlook essay, Americans don't really understand Wall Street. They may never understand Wall Street. And then you go on in the next sentence to say, oh, and by the way, yours truly, meaning yourself, is learning every day, discovering every day what Wall Street is. I mean, what the heck are the rules now, and if you don't know, who does?","Well, the rules are changing. The balloon was being expanded, and now, the air has been taken out of the balloon, and so the rules are changing in terms of what becomes a safe and a relatively riskless position in this rapidly de-levering world.","Do you think capitalism is fundamentally changed, and if so, how?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : You wrote that Americans don't understand Wall Street, but you don't really know what you're talking about either.","questions":"What did PersonB say about PersonA's understanding of Wall Street?","answer":"Don't"}
{"text":["Tomorrow marks the end of the longest presidential campaign to date. This election looks like it might break all voter turnout records, and plenty of civil and voting rights groups are out there working to make sure you have a place to turn if you're having trouble voting. One of them is the NAACP. In September, Benjamin Jealous became the youngest man to lead the country's oldest and largest civil rights organization. He's got plenty of information about how to protect your vote. Ben, how are you?","I'm doing well.","So you are the head of this storied organization that has had so much to do with African-Americans in voting. You think about where we've been in the past decade with the contested 2000 election. What should people know firstoff about going to the polls and doing it in a way that protects their vote?","You know, there's really two things that I say to folks. You know, first is that you should be prepared, you know. You should really think about the time you need and make sure, you know, if you need to have somebody to watch the kids that you just take care of it. This is one of the most important things that you'll do in the next year, and just be prepared."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The phrase protect your vote means to ensure that you are able to exercise your right to vote and aren\u2019t subject to racism","questions":"Which civil rights organization is mentioned as working to ensure voters have a place to turn if they're having trouble voting?","answer":"NAACP"}
{"text":["Let's talk about this article, written by Emory's president, James Wagner. It appeared in the Emory University alumni magazine. It hit the presses. You read it. What was your reaction?","My first response was that it was a misreading of the three-fifths compromise and of what a successful compromise could be. In addition to the sort of strict historical interpretation of that compromise, the way that popular culture, and particularly African-Americans- see that compromise is that it is a way of counting African-Americans as three-fifths of a person, three-fifths of a human being. So, I knew that even if the historical interpretation of popular culture was wrong, it would strike a very bad chord among African-Americans and among others. I mean, I want to emphasize that this is something that is not an idea that's simply bound by race. But I knew that in terms of African-Americans, it would be particularly striking that he use that as an example of compromise.","Describe the reaction you saw once the article hit.","Well, for about two weeks, there was nothing, and then, I think, the Salon. com piece sent things out over the Internet. And Saturday, when that piece appeared, I had five emails. And people, friends - both historians at other institutions, folks at Emory - were very disturbed by this article."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is asking the listener for their opinion about the article, and how it was received by the public.+++","questions":"What is the speaker asking for in turn 1?","answer":"Opinion"}
{"text":["But what he did is he went out and explained the policy to the public and rationalized it, basically provided the sort of intellectual underpinnings for Greenspan's policies in two important areas. One, that they shouldn't target speculative bubbles, so that justified not doing anything about the housing market. And two, arguing that there was what they referred to as a global savings glut, which justified a big spending binge in the United States.","The argument was that China doesn't spend enough. The rest of Asia doesn't spend enough. If the world economy is not going to go into recession, it's up to the American consumer to keep demand up. So we shouldn't worry too much if American saving rates is zero and America's on a spending binge.","In retrospect, both of those arguments, you know, seem to be if not completely wrong, certainly very questionable given where they got us. And Bernanke, you know, played an important role in coming up with them. So sure, he's partly responsible for the Greenspan policies. But not totally, as I say. Greenspan was the senior policy maker.","Now in retrospect, it was just a few months ago, but still it seems like a long time ago. A lot of people are saying that the decision that Bernanke and Paulson made to let Lehman Brothers fail was really key because that really led to the credit markets freezing up. And so, why did Bernanke, why did he decide to let Lehman go under?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Bernanke rationalized Greenspan's policies even though they were questionable","questions":"How did Bernanke support Greenspan's policies?","answer":"Rationalized"}
{"text":["Well, you know, we've done a bunch of these kinds of stories that run in the body issue. And we've done everything from the importance of the glute to the strange secret ritual of the team shower. And we thought, gosh, we've kind of gone there with every other story. The last thing to explore was pee breaks.","I want to talk about the Tour de France in particular. These guys are on their bikes for hours and hours and hours. But it's the Tour leader wearing a yellow jersey, I might add, who gets to signal - is this right?- when it's time for the riders to pull over for a bit of relief?","It turns out, yeah. One of the greatest honors, according to the riders, of getting the yellow jersey is that you get to control when everybody else who's racing stops for a little bit of a pee break.","Which is extraordinary."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The hosts of the story series in the body issue wanted to cover all aspects of sports, including pee breaks. Implicated meaning: The hosts of the story series were willing to explore even the less glamorous aspects of sports and physical activity in their coverage.","questions":"What did the yellow jersey wearer get to control according to the riders in the Tour de France?","answer":"Bathroom"}
{"text":["Jon Foley, director of the Institute on the Environment at the University of Minnesota. You're listening to TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News.","And this email from Mark in Burnsville, Minnesota: Is there a middle ground?Either you believe in evidence-based science or you don't. Some people seem unwilling or unable to accept facts that confront their belief systems and would rather live in a world that matches their internal security beliefs than deal with reality.","And I don't think, Jon Foley, you disagree with him on the science, but you disagree with him on the approach.","Well, I absolutely agree with him on evidence-based reality. I absolutely cannot - we - and never should have concede that. I'm a scientist, and I absolutely support the, you know, evidence-based view. That is one place where I will not back down on an issue at all. But I think it's really more of what we do about it and how we frame these conversations. So, you know, I will always stand by the idea that, yes, climate is changing. We are the cause of this. That is what the science is saying. That is absolutely true. We're not backing down from that at all."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker believes in the science of climate change and will not compromise on evidence-based reality, but thinks the conversation needs to be framed differently","questions":"What does the speaker consider to be absolute?","answer":"Absolute"}
{"text":["That's right, yeah. I mean, these - the owners of these brains in life, you know, they lived at this state hospital. Just looking at the condition of the brains now I can only imagine what they endured in life and now their brains were taken by questionable means. It's not entirely clear if it was legal for them to be taken by the doctor at the state hospital and then they were put in these jars. And it's upsetting to look at them, honestly, to see, you know, to imagine the circumstances of their life and then to see them there - it makes you consider your own brain, I suppose.","Well, a tough story to report. Thank you for doing it, Matt.","No problem.","Matt Largey, of member station KUT in Austin."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Well, a tough story to report.\" - This turn is a figurative expression that means the story is emotionally difficult to report, rather than physically difficult.","questions":"What kind of difficulty does the phrase \"a tough story to report\" refer to?","answer":"Emotional"}
{"text":["Yes. (Laughter). I suppose you're right. I mean, that may follow. But I. . .","(Laughter).",". . . Wanted to explore a masculine archetype. And that's what Daddy is. He is larger than life. He's almost too big to exist. He's straight out of mythology. He's very strong and reassuring, and he sticks by his children, et cetera. But he's also - you know, he's got this troubled streak. This sort of - this violence in him. He's entirely defined by his body, his physicality, his strength. And Cathy arrived, saying, actually, what happens when these ideals are instilled in someone who doesn't inhabit the right physicality?Or she's somebody who has a very similar temperament to her father, but she doesn't have his strength. And she's a girl. And how does she stitch together those dual identities?","Yeah. There is - not to give too much away, but there's an act of violence in the book in which a woman takes a man's life. She sees it as her only way to survive. And I have to ask if recent events and recent debates and soul searching we've had in both our countries makes the scene even more telling."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : he literal meaning is that the speaker agrees with something and acknowledges that the other person is correct, and they both laugh.","questions":"Which emotion is expressed by both speakers in turn 0?","answer":"Agreement"}
{"text":["And now, the EU countries, they're following suit on this.","That's right. I mean, you tend to sort of run out of superlatives these days. Indeed, when we look at the figures that are being available on the continent, Germany has approved a package of up to $680 billion, the French $500. The Spanish have set aside $130 billion.","Again, this sort of two-fold plan guaranteeing lending between banks, and taking stakes in financial institutions, similar to the United Kingdom. And again, Gordon Brown is getting a lot of kudos for being upfront, and right in front of the curve for doing this first.","Any sign that lending is indeed going on?Can people borrow?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : EU countries are also taking action regarding the financial crisis.","questions":"Which countries are mentioned in turn 1 as having set aside money for a financial package?","answer":"Germany"}
{"text":["It's lonely. That's why, in many ways, the CIA is the world's biggest dating agency, I think. I imagine it's much like two actors that get married because they understand that universe. You know, I'm pretty sure that the agency's divorce rate is rather high.","You've written a story here with shootings and chases and champagne in suites at the Four Season. But is a lot of spy craft people just scrunched over their laptops sipping coffee?","I would say more likely there's a lot of downtime. You spend a lot of time waiting. You're waiting in a bar or in a restaurant or at a corner to make your meeting. You're doing a lot of surveillance detection routes to make sure that no one is on your tail. You can't put that in a book before the reader puts it down really quickly. However, both Sarah and I felt very strongly we wanted to make it a realistic portrait, particularly of a female operations officer in the CIA. For the most part, to my mind, they come across as how they're portrayed in popular culture is paper dolls - really props more than anything else. And I wanted a strong but realistic character.","A sidebar: have any of the revelations that there have been in recent weeks about the National Security Agency surprised or outraged you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implicated meaning: The speaker is expressing a desire to create a character in their book who is strong and believable, rather than simply creating a character who is physically strong. The implied meaning is that the speaker values depth and authenticity in their character portrayal, rather than creating a one-dimensional, superficial character.","questions":"What is the PersonA's desired portrayal of the character in their book?","answer":"Realistic"}
{"text":["Hi, David.","So we have heard so many different messages, I mean, from President Trump in terms of removing U. S.  forces, keeping U. S.  forces there, claims of victory, backing off claims of victory. What exactly is the situation right now?","Well, the U. S. -backed coalition does appear to be in the final stages of the actual combat. But what exactly the victory entails, what it achieves, how final it proves to be, those are all still open questions. Over the weekend, the Syrian Democratic Forces, the SDF - they're the ones actually in there trying to seize this last bit of ISIS control - said it would be over in a matter of days. There could still be some intense fighting, though, between now and then.","SDF commanders say some of those airstrikes that have been pounding the ground were targeting vehicle bombs left by ISIS. There was a Twitter post from an SDF spokesman. He said three car bombs were taken out. And there's - he also said it's going to be over soon, this battle. There's estimates hundreds of ISIS fighters are left. They're not going anywhere without a fight. But it sounds like a victory over those fighters is being portrayed as more a question of when rather than if."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Although the literal meaning of this turn is simply asking for a description of the current situation, the implied meaning behind it is that the speaker is expressing frustration or confusion about the conflicting messages they have heard from President Trump regarding the removal or retention of U.S. forces in Syria. It could be interpreted as a way of questioning the credibility of the information that has been provided so far and seeking clarification or a more definitive answer.","questions":"What is the PersonA's tone in turn 1?","answer":"Questioning"}
{"text":["It's a lot. . .",". . . Yes.","It's a lot of money to most people around the country.","And congressman, you know, if - let me understand this, are you calling for the outright abolition of the program?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is stating that the amount of money being discussed is significant not just to themselves, but also to most people in the country. This suggests that there may be financial hardship or inequality that the speaker is aware of.","questions":"Which group of people may be affected by the amount of money being discussed?","answer":"Most"}
{"text":["I have to say, I'm a huge believer in the laws of political physics. The first one is gravity. And the sheer idiocy of what he said seems to me - it is going to drag him down. The second one is momentum. And you saw yesterday what was clearly a coordinated message on the part of Senator McConnell, Senator Cornyn and Governor Romney, to say, you've got 24 hours to think it over, buddy. They left the buddy out. Think what's best for you, what's best for your family, what's best for the Republican Party. They didn't say that, not necessarily in that order. It's the way we're thinking about it. And it may be that Mr.  Akin will hold on past close of business today. But I have to say, I'll be just stunned if he is the nominee who's on the ticket in November.","The deadline is 5 P. M. , Central Time. Ruth Marcus, thank you very much.","Thanks a lot.","Ruth Marcus is an editorial writer for The Washington Post. She joined us from a studio at the newspaper. Her piece is called \"Self-Preservation, Meet Cynicism. \"You can find a link to it on our website. That's at npr. org. Click on TALK OF THE NATION. And this is TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : gravity implies that in politics a person's actions can hinder them from acting further","questions":"How does the concept of political physics relate to Mr. Akin's situation?","answer":"Drag"}
{"text":["Yeah, absolutely. So, you know, one of the things we need to be doing is making this standardized. I've talked to many people. They say, well, he never even checked what my, you know, date of birth said. I think we need to go to more of a standardized approach in order to do that.","Is there any kind of technological solution to this - I don't know - thumbprint, iris scan or something?","We have electronic health records, which are supposed to make this easier. But remember, anytime you introduce technology within sort of a complex health care system, you know, it can also have unintended consequences.","So never before would I be sitting on a patient's, you know, medical record with three different electronic health record screens open, trying to work between, you know, different patients sitting in an emergency room. So with new technologies come this additional complexity that we need to sort of be thinking about."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  We have electronic health records, which are supposed to make this easier. But remember, anytime you introduce technology within sort of a complex health care system, you know, it can also have unintended consequences.  The actual meaning implied in this turn is that the speaker is cautioning about the potential unintended consequences of introducing technology into a complex healthcare system, despite the expectation that electronic health records would make things easier. The literal meaning is that the speaker is highlighting the potential negative effects of technology in a complex system.","questions":"What is the speaker cautioning about when introducing technology into a complex healthcare system?","answer":"Consequences"}
{"text":["This is Day to Day from NPR News. I'm Alex Cohen. Today, federal marshals continued their search for a 38-year-old man from Indiana. They believe Marcus Schrenker faked a distress call while flying his single engine plane over Alabama shortly before he parachuted out of it. The plane later crashed in a swamp 200 miles away in Florida.","Schrenker is an investment manager, and it appears he was in some financial difficulty. With more now, we're joined by business reporter Jeff Swiatek, who joins us from the newsroom of the Indianapolis Star. Jeff, welcome to the program. And could you tell us why federal marshals are assuming this distress call was fake?","Well, I guess all the evidence seems to point that way. His distress call mentioned an imploded windscreen on his airplane. When they scrambled some military jets to check out the plane, the windshield was still intact, and the wreckage on the ground also indicates the windshield is intact.","So Schrenker parachutes out of this plane. Do they know where he went after that?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Schrenker's distress call was fabricated and he left the plane intentionally","questions":"How did Schrenker leave the plane?","answer":"Parachuted"}
{"text":["I'm not sure. I think, certainly, if the other leading candidate in the Democratic primary, Hillary Clinton, had won, she would also be generating a lot of interest. I think it's, at the end of a two-term presidency, you always get an upsurge anyway. But I think you're right. There's no doubt about it. These are historic elections. And for the same reasons that the American public have gotten so engaged in them, probably some of the same reasons are affecting foreign publics.","You know, there have been a lot of memorable phrases that have come out during this election. Maverick is one word that we've heard a lot, and what about lipstick on a pig?How do you explain that phrase, which seems particularly American, or lipstick on a pitbull?","What is fascinating is that, both those terms that you brought up, I know of cases where people here that work with me with journalists on a day to day basis have been asked to help. One was working with German press and the term Maverick and how could they, you know, where does that come from and so on. And we actually have a researcher that works here and can go back and find, you know, the roots of these different phrases. Even - I speak Spanish pretty well, and even lipstick on a pig, I wouldn't even try.","So, I don't know how they go about trying to kind of - I think they go through a longer two-paragraph explanation."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Hillary Clinton would also generate a lot of interest.","questions":"Which candidate?","answer":"Hillary"}
{"text":["Do you ever feel that way, you're just so tired of singing, but you know you have to because that song is so closely associated with who you are?","Well \"Band of Gold\" would be it, but by the time I get to the end of the show, and I'm coming back for that last encore\u2026","(Singing) Now that you're gone, all that's left is a band of gold\u2026","A lot of times, I will do \"Band of Gold,\" and as a matter of fact, I - and I find that it's a good thing because I see people in the audience just light up, like (unintelligible)\u2026"],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Do you ever feel that way, you're just so tired of singing, but you know you have to because that song is so closely associated with who you are?\" - The implied meaning here is that the person is feeling tired of singing a particular song, but they feel obligated to continue performing it because it is an integral part of their identity and public persona.","questions":"How does PersonA feel about performing \"Band of Gold\" towards the end of the show?","answer":"Exhausted"}
{"text":[". . . Didn't make millions. I know he made a lot - who ran Bernie Sanders' campaign.","Yeah, I think it's a question of, you know, does money tempt you to do things that you might not otherwise do?","Well, you've been there. What do you say?","I like to think that you need to stay grounded, right?You need to stay grounded. You need to say to yourself, am I doing what matters to the country and our future?Or am I just thinking about just pure self-interest, the amount of money that I can amass for myself and my family?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : It's important to prioritize the country's future over personal gain.","questions":"What is the message of turn 3?","answer":"Message"}
{"text":["Correct.","And that's the idea?","That's exactly the idea and that's where we are today. So you kind of keep the country in limbo. And you say, as long as there's no election then I get to be president.","Have there been any calls for President Kabila to be investigated, forced to step down, impeached, put on trial for violating the constitution?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implies that the current situation is a de-facto form of long-term leadership by President Kabila, without the need for elections.","questions":"Which form of leadership is implied in the current situation?","answer":"De-facto"}
{"text":["Yes.","What is it like coming and finding a place in New York's theater world?Because it can be very tough to even get a little purchase in it, but it sounds like you have found a place with your off-Broadway version of the play that's very comfortable and fulfilling.","Well, it is definitely - yeah, I have to admit, I wish I could sit here and say I knew it was going to happen this way. I was nervous waiting for that New York Times review to come out. You know what that's like. You know, it was like, OK, you know, am I going to get the theater gods' blessing?Because New York it is what it is; it's the Big Apple. It's the biggest theater market in the world. If you can make it, here you can make it anywhere.","So, this feels really good to have, you know, not just the approval from the critics, but just be able to, you know - I shake everyone's hand who buys the ticket every time I perform my show. I stand at the door as people leave the theater; I shake their hand and look them in the eyes and say thank you. So, I really feel like just because the reviews are great, I still know that it's reaching people, and that's what's important to me."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Finding success in the New York theater world is difficult.","questions":"Which market is the biggest in the world for theater?","answer":"NewYork"}
{"text":["Earlier today, U. S.  Secretary of State John Kerry held a joint news conference with Saudi Foreign Minister Prince Saud al-Faisal who told reporters his country can not ignore military intervention from Iran and Hezbollah in support of President Bashar al-Assad in Syria. Saudi Arabia already sends arms to the Syrian opposition. The U. S.  also plans to provide light arms to the rebel forces. But the Saudi foreign minister said more is now required. NPR foreign correspondent Deb Amos joins us now from NPR's bureau in Beirut. Nice to have you back one more time.","Very nice to be here.","Everyone knows Saudi Arabia and Iran are sometimes bitter rivals and on opposite sides in Syria. What does it mean for the Saudi foreign minister to speak so bluntly as he stands next to the U. S.  secretary of state?","What is different here is a change in tone. The language was very, very tough today. The Saudi foreign minister talked about genocide by the government of Syria. He talked about an outside invasion. He's talking about the Iranians and Hezbollah, the Shiite militant group here in Lebanon. He says they have a massive flow of weapons, and that that must be stopped. He was asking for a resolution to have an arms embargo on the Syrians, nigh on impossible. What he's talking about, one would guess, is a U. N.  resolution and any resolution that would ban weapons would be certainly vetoed by the Russians and most likely the Chinese. But they were venting, the Saudis today, as John Kerry was there for talks."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The Saudi foreign minister might not be actually standing next to the U.S. Secretary of State, but figurately.  ","questions":"What was the Saudi foreign minister's tone during the joint news conference?","answer":"Tough"}
{"text":["Yeah.","We were able to test the tongue and found that it is uber soft. It is actually 10 times softer than the human tongue.","Tongue-wise, what does this accomplish?","So the soft tongue and the sticky saliva which exists on the tongue work together to actually increase adhesion. And the frog is able to catch very hairy things, like tarantulas or even other frogs, which are slippery. And it's able to use this amazing tongue with this amazing adhesive to capture things in the blink of an eye."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : ) B: Tongue-wise, what does this accomplish? - Implication: What practical purpose does this serve?","questions":"Which question does PersonB ask to clarify the practical purpose of the softness of the frog's tongue?","answer":"Accomplish"}
{"text":["But I'm sure that there's something else that you want to share with us. You have your poems about California, poems about the blues.","I've got one. The once called \"Who I Am in Twilight. \"And it's a poem that is actually emblazoned on the sidewalk. And it's set in stone, as it were, on something called \"Poetry Walk\" in Berkeley, California. They put down on sidewalk, Addison Street, about a hundred poets', I think, work. So it's fun to go over there and see how posterity works, because always somebody has dropped some pizza on it, mashed out a cigarette on it, or something like that.","So don't live for posterity, live for now. But here it is. \"Who I am in Twilight. \"","Like John Lee Hooker, like Lightnin' Hopkins, like the blues himself. The Trickster Sonnet, hoedown, the tango, the cante jondo. Like blessed spirituals and ragas, custom-made. Like sagas. Like stories. Like slick, slow, sly, soliloquies sliding into dramas. Like crime and punishment. Like death and birth. Canal Street, New Orleans. Like the easy, erasable, troubled voices a whirling ceiling fan makes in deep summer nights in hot, un-heavenly hotels. Oklahoma, Arkansas, Tennessee. Like the Mississippi River so deep and wide, you couldn't get a letter to the other side. Like Grand Canyon. Like Yosemite National Park. Like beans and cornbread. Like rest and recreation. Like love and like. I know we last. I know our bleeding stops."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The poet's work is inspired by various cultural influences and experiences.","questions":"What is the name of the poem that is emblazoned on the sidewalk in Berkeley, California?","answer":"Who"}
{"text":["He already faces charges in Indiana from the secretary of state's office. He likely will face charges in Florida. The Coast Guard Investigative Services now are working with the Pensacola U. S.  attorney's office. They are tallying up the cost of the search for him. That will include manpower hours; that will include two helicopters, a boat and a cutter that they had put into the water. So, he will face a felony charge there, which has not been filed yet, of making a false distress call, and likely will be asked to repay the cost of the search for him.","Carol, has anything been heard from his wife or those who had invested money with him?","We have spoken with one person who had hired him as his financial adviser. It was a former Delta pilot. Apparently, a group of Delta pilots had brought him on board to manage their money. He had lost several thousand - well, thousands of dollars, but I think that is small compared to some of the larger investors.","Carol Robinson of the Birmingham News in Alabama, thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The person being talked about made a fake emergency call","questions":"Which type of charge will the person likely face in Florida?","answer":"Felony"}
{"text":["Oh, wow, it's like turning off a switch. And suddenly I was running down these trails in the dark and I didn't know where I was and I didn't know where I was going and it was getting colder. And all I could see was the distant glow of Vegas. And I was thinking, wow, I really like that city right now. I wish I were there and I didn't know how to get there.","Yeah, you obviously were able to find your way to asphalt and you were able to get back to civilization. Very nice - of course, I'm a sucker for daughter daddy stuff in the book - but you really do say that marathon running - or the training even - reminds you of the preciousness of every moment, moment after moment.","Yeah, it does. It puts you in the minute and being out there every day - bad weather, good weather, light, dark - I started this morning about nine miles ago in the dark and it was cold. And you just find yourself saying, you know, there are things in life that are important and that are worthwhile that require a little bit of sacrifice and a little bit of struggle and a little bit of suffering. It doesn't mean you shouldn't do them. And running reminds you of that all the time.","Tom Foreman - \"My Year Of Running Dangerously\" - thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  the host is wrapping up the interview and thanking the guest for being on the show. The literal meaning is simply expressing gratitude, but the implied meaning is that the interview has come to an end.","questions":"How did the host conclude the interview?","answer":"Thanking"}
{"text":["(Laughter) I have no idea. I know that the pope - his five most famous words may be - who am I to judge?- which is about gay people. And I know that he has gay friends. You know, one of the people that he met with during his papal visit in the United States was a gay friend and his partner. So he's open to what he calls a culture of encounter and accompaniment. He's certainly in favor of listening to people and meeting them where they are. And so on that page, you know, we agree.","You suggest in a couple of sections of the book that there must be priests who are LGBT, but they are faithful to their vows of chastity.","Yeah, I know them. And, you know, by saying that a priest is gay, it doesn't mean that he's breaking his promise of celibacy or his vow of chastity or, you know, lesbian nuns. And one of the challenges for the church is to recognize these people and to see them as the gifts that they are as all LGBT people are to the church. They are gifts, beloved children of God who bring certain gifts and certain talents to our church, to the community.","Father James Martin - his book, \"Building A Bridge: How The Catholic Church And The LGBT Community Can Enter Into A Relationship Of Respect, Compassion, And Sensitivity\" - thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  expressing appreciation for Father James Martin's efforts to promote understanding and dialogue between the Catholic Church and the LGBT community, as reflected in his book.","questions":"How does PersonB acknowledge Father James Martin's efforts in the dialogue?","answer":"Appreciation"}
{"text":["And that - you know, that - it totally imbued his soul. He was - you know, I've been in the presence of a lot of great men. And almost all of them preferred to talk about themselves. He wanted to talk about you. And that's what made you fall in love with him.","Yeah. I don't want to draw everything to what's going on now. But, you know, you would have dinner with President Bush. You would talk about things. Did - can we draw distinctions between the kind of president he was and what we see in the country now?","Oh, Scott, there will be time for that conversation. And I'm sure it's being held. And of course there's - we're in a very different world now. But I think George - I can almost hear George Bush right now saying, now, now, let's not have any of that. He. . .","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A believes that George Bush would want to avoid political discussions and focus on a more positive conversation.","questions":"What did PersonA say George Bush would say to avoid having a political discussion?","answer":"Now"}
{"text":["Because he is speaking about African Americans. And he used such derogatory terms. And to even say that not even humans want to live there hurts so many people because he is challenging their very humanity based on the color of their skin. The negativity, the disregard is a problem and should always be addressed and called out.","The statistician Nate Silver tweeted out some facts about Maryland's 7th District, which includes Baltimore and some of the surrounding suburbs. And he says it's the second wealthiest and second most well-educated majority black district in the country. Why do you think President Trump singled out this district?","Facts don't matter for this guy, OK?He sees people of color, and he describes them in the most derogatory terms. So he's hitting back at Cummings or trying to bully him just because he sits on this particular committee that is actually doing their job in investigating some of the things that are - been happening in this current administration.","The House Oversight Committee."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to call someone out means to challenge someone, be it on their beliefs or if they are bullying someone","questions":"What is the problem that should always be addressed and called out according to A?","answer":"Disregard"}
{"text":["Well, yeah.","And - select which is the right kind of alcohol to put in there. Free test it.","Well, they - rum and bourbon.","Right."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A suggests using rum and bourbon for the recipe","questions":"How did PersonA recommend enhancing the recipe?","answer":"Rum"}
{"text":["Well - so these agents actually do, from my experience, from my research, find themselves connected with the people that they encounter. But for many of them, this job is not necessarily about stopping immigration. This isn't about their dedication to immigration law or their dedication to keeping migrants from crossing the border illicitly or anything like that. This is about economic self-interest. This is about survival.","Because a lot of the Border Patrol agents are recruited from the border areas, and many of the border areas are very economically depressed.","Yeah, exactly. And so we might look at this - and that's, I think, what's so tragic about this kind of broader story, is that the stories of the Latinos who enter immigration law enforcement parallel so strongly the stories of the men and women who are trying to come to this country and willing to do anything to get here in order to provide for their own families.","But Border Patrol is there to enforce the United States' borders, which is important for any country. Borders are places where lots of things happen - some of it criminal. How would you enforce a border then?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"and willing to do anything to get here\" implies \"are desperately trying to get here\".","questions":"How would you describe the motivation of the men and women who are trying to come to the United States?","answer":"implies"}
{"text":["Yeah, of course. I think it's right for the employer to know. But let the person go all the way through the process until the point where they're being offered a job. It creates more momentum towards hiring and more of a chance that that person's actually get a job.","Why do you include in this legislation a provision that would allow felons to vote in every state in the country?","You know, these felony disenfranchise laws - if you go back to some of the state legislative debates that were happening after Reconstruction, they were designed to stop African-Americans from voting. These have racist roots to these laws. And it gets to a point now where you can see the fruit of that poison tree - is that you have some counties in America where 1 out of 4 African-Americans can't vote. And remember; the overwhelming number of charges are for nonviolent drug offenses.","So here, you've served your time, and now you're going to have 10, 20, 40, 50, 60 years more as an adult. And you're told that your citizen rights have been stripped from you?This is a way, I think, that poor people especially - low-income people are being stripped of their democratic power."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"And it gets to a point now where you can see the fruit of that poison tree.\" The figurative meaning here is that the negative consequences of the racially motivated felony disenfranchisement laws are becoming evident or visible. The phrase \"fruit of that poison tree\" implies that the current situation is a result of something harmful or unjust in the past.","questions":"How does the phrase \"fruit of that poison tree\" relate to the impact of felony disenfranchisement laws?","answer":"Evident"}
{"text":["If that was the concern initially, I've never heard it expressed in recent years. There are now so many people who have gotten out, and their stories have been corroborated by, you know, so many of these different people who've escaped that it's, you know, North Korea is as bad as they say, and perhaps even worse.","But, you know, I would like to say that the stories are also inspiring. You hear these terrible things, and sometimes I go to sleep at night thinking about the horrible stories I'd heard about life in North Korea. But at the same time, it's very positive to think that after six decades of totalitarian repression, there are people who are still longing for freedom and have the courage to go after it.","Yet it raises the question of the many more who are still inside that hell on Earth.","Indeed. And the 24,000, 25,000 who have gotten out are a drop in the bucket when you consider there are still 25 million people enslaved in North Korea. However, the North Koreans who escape are small in number, but they have provided a huge service, two ways. One is that they've educated all of us about the reality of life in North Korea. Nobody can say today that we didn't know. We now know about the gulag. We know about the way the government uses food as a political tool. We know all of this."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The statement implies that despite the small number of North Koreans who have escaped, they have provided valuable information about the reality of life in North Korea.","questions":"What is the service that the North Koreans who have escaped have provided?","answer":"Service"}
{"text":["Good to be with you.","This last Republican debate may have been the most contentious, at least between the candidates and the questioners. What do you see as the immediate fallout?","Immediate fallout would be Jeb Bush's problem. He needed a revival, and he wound up looking worse than he had in the first two debates and out on the stump as well. The memorable punches in these debates tend to be counter punches. And Bush went after his one-time protege, Marco Rubio, and Rubio came back smart, fast, tough and got a highlight moment out of it, just one of several for Rubio, by the way.","Now, at the same time, nobody's cast a single vote yet. Jeb Bush is sitting on a lot of money, and, of course, he has a name that's instantly recognizable. Is there really talk that this could be the end of his candidacy?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Immediate fallout would be Jeb Bush's problem. He needed a revival, and he wound up looking worse than he had in the first two debates and out on the stump as well. The memorable punches in these debates tend to be counter punches. And Bush went after his one-time protege, Marco Rubio, and Rubio came back smart, fast, tough and got a highlight moment out of it, just one of several for Rubio, by the way.\"  Here, the speaker is discussing the consequences or negative outcomes for Jeb Bush after the debate. The implied meaning is that Jeb Bush's performance in the debate was disappointing or damaging for his campaign. The speaker highlights that memorable moments in debates usually involve counter-attacks or responses, and in this case, Jeb Bush targeted Marco Rubio, but Rubio responded effectively and gained a notable moment. The implied meaning goes beyond a literal description of the events and emphasizes the impact on Jeb Bush's candidacy.","questions":"How did Marco Rubio respond when Jeb Bush targeted him during the debate?","answer":"Effectively"}
{"text":["If Beijing could have its way, David, what do you think they would want to do with Hong Kong?What would they want from Hong Kong?","Well, we know they would like Hong Kong to basically focus on money and making money and not worry about politics at all. That was the model. I mean, it's a comparison that Beijing would hate. But the truth is they basically treat it like a colony. It used to be a British colony. It's now a colony of China. And like any well-behaved colony, you're meant to focus on getting rich, making money and not worry about politics.","And David, just briefly, what happens in 2047, 50 years after Britain hands Hong Kong back to China?What happens then?","Well, then the promise of one country, two systems falls away, but the truth is they're going to try and chip away as in all kinds of small and subtle ways before then. We're also going to see probably more mainland immigration into Hong Kong - would be one way of diluting Hong Kong's kind of will to resist. But let's not underestimate an amazing thing that happened. There is a piece of China that gets free press, that knows what's happening, that is allowed to protest - not allowed where I'm sitting in Beijing - and they said, no, and the government backed off. And that's an absolutely extraordinary thing that can only happen in Hong Kong."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : China wants Hong Kong to focus on making money and ignore politics","questions":"What is Beijing's desired focus for Hong Kong?","answer":"Money"}
{"text":["Well, I say that may be the case. And I'm for affirmative action. I'm for giving opportunities to minorities. I'm for immigration reform. I'm a very proud Hispanic. But I just think the Democratic Party has to communicate a better message of economic populism, of helping small businesses. Somehow the centrist white male, the conservative white male that used to vote Democratic from the South and the Midwest is eluding us. And we've got to get that base back or get some portion of the base because they're leaving us in droves.","And what about those politicians that might say, hey, look, we won a couple of national elections with the demographics that we have in the Democratic Party.","Well, what I say to them is that's great. But we've lost the Congress. We've lost the House. We've lost the Senate. We lose governorships. And, you know, it's not just the presidency that has the power in this country. It's local officials, it's county commissioners, it's governors. It's not just the Congress. It's a whole range of offices where we're not competing because we - we need a stronger, compelling economic message. And somehow, that seems to be eluding us if you look at recent elections, especially in the South and the Midwest.","You've already cited Bernie Sanders. And I gather you have endorsed Hillary Clinton for the Democratic nomination for president. How do you think Secretary Clinton addresses these issues?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : implies that A has endorsed Hillary Clinton and believes she effectively addresses the issues.","questions":"Which presidential candidate does PersonA endorse?","answer":"Hillary"}
{"text":["I think it's just incredibly boneheaded that there is any attempt to not reveal absolutely everything that's going on. Because there's such - just potential for, if not impropriety or corruption, at least the appearance of that. So, I don't understand why the Fed isn't being more forthcoming.","But if you look at the actual TARP program, that's the Treasury. They've taken the 700 billion, and of that, they have already allocated about 290 billion. 125 billion went to the nine huge banks that basically had the capital shoved down their throats. And then another 125 effectively went to a lot of other banks that signed up quickly. And then 40 billion has gone to AIG.","So, there's really only 60 billion of that first tranche left. And then Hank Paulson will have to go to Congress, and say, OK, please give me the next 350 billion.","And so what were the conditions under which that first tranche was paid out?In other words, what do we know about what happened with that money?","Well, what we know is that the way it was originally sold to the public and to Congress was, this will enable the banks to lend again, and so we need to give them money. And really, within minutes of the plan being announced, you had a lot of the major banks' CEOs, like Merrill's John Thain, come out and say, look, we've got more important priorities, which is basically saving our firms."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The banks that received TARP funds didn't necessarily need them to lend again","questions":"How did Merrill's John Thain prioritize the TARP funds received by his firm?","answer":"Saving"}
{"text":["Yeah. After the West Africa outbreak, there was this sense that, you know, we're in much better shape. We know more about it. We've got new treatment options. We've got a vaccine that's out there.","But in this one, it really has been this perfect storm. The area that this occurred in is incredibly poor, that had poor health care infrastructure beforehand. It's incredibly volatile; there's these militias that have basically been running that part of the Democratic Republic of Congo for decades. They're vying for control of minerals. And, you know, they have really undermined any governmental institutions that would be there.","And then all these health care workers show up to try to contain the Ebola treatment unit - that Ebola, you know, outbreak, and some of them were attacked, even killed. The World Health Organization yesterday was saying they've documented 198 attacks on Ebola clinics and workers over the last year. So obviously, that's an incredibly high number for attacks on a health response, you know, even in a declared war zone.","Well, I mean, yeah, it is a war zone, but why attack - specifically attack clinics that you know are treating a disease?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : It does not make logical sense to attack people are trying to help get a dieses from spreading.","questions":"What was the World Health Organization's documented number of attacks on Ebola clinics and workers over the last year?","answer":"198"}
{"text":["Thank you.","The next justice will be conservative. I think it's pretty safe to say that. But you write that conservative justices aren't all conservative in the same way. So could you explain?","Sure. Conservative judicial philosophy can mean a lot of things. Most prominently, what people talk about is that the judge focuses closely on the text and original understanding of the Constitution. But there are other philosophies that are associated with conservatism, as well. One is there's a libertarian strand of conservatism, which basically focuses on freedom from the state. And then there's an important strand of conservatism that says that judges should defer to the legislature and not get way out ahead of the people in terms of recognizing social rights. So, sometimes, the deference strand of conservatism conflicts with the other two.","You write that liberals are too confident in their despair, and conservatives are too jubilant. And you hinged that on Chief Justice John Roberts, who is conservative but could take on the mantle of the swing vote."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The hinge is just the importance of the information being placed on the Chief Justice. This person would not take on a mantle but just vote in a way that changes the outcome.","questions":"How would Chief Justice John Roberts vote?","answer":"Crowding"}
{"text":["They found an interested buyer.","Because, you know, there's no question that there are some assets out there that are probably undervalued. But there are not private sector entities at this point, apparently, that have the capacity to buy and hold and take that risk. That's one of the things we want to explore. Are there entities other than the federal government that can do that?","Well, what are the risks there, that you would be stuck with carrying a bunch of bad debt?","The risk is that the taxpayer would lose some money."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : bunch of bad debt implies owing too many debts or inability to pay a lot of debts owed","questions":"Which term describes the type of debt mentioned in turn 2?","answer":"owing"}
{"text":["Good morning, Renee.","First, that citizenship question. In just a matter of days, it's been on, it's been off. Now the president says he wants it on again. What's going on there?","The Supreme Court said last month, you could have it but only with good justification. And the Supreme Court has ruled before that the census is supposed to count everyone and not just citizens, as it has always. Then, the president said yesterday he had four or five ways that he could get this question back on. But executive orders, which were one of the ways he mentioned, do not supersede court orders. So the president is still going to have to have something that pleases the court.","And yesterday, a federal judge in Maryland ordered further discovery in this case, meaning people from Commerce and the Justice Department are going to have to answer questions about this question, where it came from. And yesterday, in court, the lawyers for the administration admitted that, at this point, they don't know what to say.","The president has also been tweeting about another big story, the conditions at Border Patrol detention centers. Yesterday, he said many of the migrants held there were - and I'm quoting - \"living far better now than they were where they came from and in safer conditions. \"I mean, that's not what a report from the Department of Homeland Security's own Office of the Inspector General said this week. It - that report warned about dangerous overcrowding and prolonged detention without proper food or hygiene or laundry facilities - very big difference."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The administration is unsure of how to defend their stance on the citizenship question.","questions":"What is the administration's stance on the citizenship question?","answer":"uncertain"}
{"text":["Yes. Launch is tomorrow at 4:55 AM Cape Canaveral time, which is where the rocket launches from, or, say, 1:55 AM California time. I'll actually be here in California at SpaceX headquarters at mission control. And so we have launch control at Cape Canaveral, and we've got mission control here at headquarters in California. So for the first nine minutes or so, the rocket will be ascending and delivering the Dragon spacecraft to orbit. And then the Dragon spacecraft will separate from the rocket and then - and begin orbital phasing with the space station, which will take a few days.","Then we're going to do, essentially, a flyby at the space station. Now, something that's important to appreciate is that the space station is actually zooming around the Earth at 17,000 miles an hour. People sort of think it's just sort of up there and stationary, but it's zipping around the Earth at - it actually completes an orbit of the Earth every 19 minutes. So you can think of this like you're trying to synchronize speed with something that's going 12 times faster than a bullet from an assault rifle.","And we've got to match the space station. As the space station makes more movements in its orbit, we've got to track those movements exactly. So we'll do a wide loop around the space station, establish communication - a communication link with the space station, have our docking sensors lock on and then the spacecraft actually plots an approach vector and will go in and pause at various points before finally going into dock with the space station.","And what time into the mission will it actually dock?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The rocket will be launching tomorrow and the Dragon spacecraft will be sent into orbit and then eventually dock with the space station.","questions":"Which spacecraft will be sent into orbit and eventually dock with the space station?","answer":"Dragon"}
{"text":["Right. And people in Detroit and in Michigan have seen that up close. Detroit is one of the country's leading cities for foreclosures, and people have just seen the values of their houses plummet there. What do you hear from your readers?","Well, they're very angry. And the next question is, well, who are they angry at?And the answer seems to be, well, who's available. If McCain is doing a swing through the suburbs today, they'll be mad at McCain. If the Democratic governor of Michigan, Jennifer Granholm, visits Detroit, they'll be mad at her. Both candidates still have favorable ratings above 50 percent. That's a little bit at variance with what I'm hearing anecdotally from readers. They seem much more polarized than that, and the Obama people seem much more hateful towards McCain and vice versa.","And what do they want to hear from the candidates?","They want to hear how the candidates are going to stem the hemorrhaging of manufacturing jobs in Michigan or alternatively, what they're going to replace those jobs with. Michigan has been struggling with job losses, foreclosures and high unemployment for well over a year now. And there's anger, but there's also a little bit of numbness at the constant patter of bad news."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"stem the hemorrhaging\" - figurative meaning: stop the rapid loss","questions":"How can the candidates address the issue of job losses in Michigan?","answer":"Replace"}
{"text":["Look; can Democrats accuse Republicans of refusing to live up to their oversight responsibilities because they don't want to antagonize what they take to be their political base if Democrats don't bring up impeachment because the poll numbers are discouraging or because they think they'd lose the vote in the Senate?Isn't there a constitutional responsibility, too?","I think there's absolutely constitutional responsibility right now to break through obstructionism put up by the president to continue the investigations that we're pursuing right now. Just as an example, you know, within the Intelligence Committee and the Oversight Committee, we're pressing for the financial records of the president through Deutsche Bank and his accounting firm to figure out, you know, what are his ties to the Russians?This is material that I don't think that the Mueller team necessarily pursued because the president had put a red line around it. And I think the Mueller team, based on what we can tell, decided not to cross that red line.","So this is potentially new material that hopefully would move some independent-minded folks on the other side depending on what the results are. But at the end of the day, this can't be about party. It has to be about our country and what's best for our country. I do believe the president has done some very bad things, and now we have to hold him accountable.","How?I mean, isn't - doesn't the Constitution provide the instrument for holding him accountable right in front of you?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The person thinks there is contitutional responsibility to investigate areas that the president has said not to. The Mueller team did not as the president told them to investigate only so much and then to stop.","questions":"What material is the Intelligence and Oversight Committees pressing for to figure out the president's ties to the Russians?","answer":"Financial"}
{"text":["Oh, no. As a matter of fact, I was delighted that I had had the opportunity to contribute to it. I had the option to volunteer for the program. I opted not to because I was very much involved in research that needed to be done. So I was - I turned down the opportunity because I felt that what we were doing was valuable for the future of our space program. As a matter of fact, the small 5-foot diameter parachute that we used to stabilize my freefall is still being used today in every ejection seat in the world. So what we did some 50 year - 55 years ago is still being used today.","What do you think about space exploration now?It struck me watching this that it's lost its human component, in a way. We send these unmanned missions into deep space, but we haven't really pushed human boundaries, I think, for quite some time.","I personally think that we should go back to the moon as soon as we can because there's a lot of lessons we need to learn before we can go to Mars, which should be the next great human adventure.","May I ask you a question?As you were standing on the precipice, you said a prayer. What was that prayer?What were you praying for?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  (4) - Implied meaning: What thoughts or feelings were you experiencing in that moment?","questions":"What did \"B\" ask \"A\" about when they were standing on the precipice?","answer":"Prayer"}
{"text":["Jeffrey Dahmer in Milwaukee.","Right and Ted Bundy in Florida. I mean, if you look at the serial killers, the majority of them that abused animals prior to turning on humans - and even one admitted, I did it to see how the animal would die before I killed a human. It's just - it's amazing. School shooters, Pearl, Miss. , and Columbine, they all abused animals and killed animals prior to their shooting spree. So it's - the data's there and it's not just guesswork. It's actual documented data.","You've been a law enforcement professional. Are there people who say the last thing I need is more paperwork, more data?","Yeah, here's the thing. Law enforcement really hasn't grasped this problem yet. If you look back in the early '70s when domestic violence came up and how the laws changed and then law enforcement would go, say, well, if the woman's getting beat, why she won't leave the house?Well, we didn't understand. We'd understand the dynamics of domestic violence, and as that whole thing changed, it got better. And if you look at animal abuse right now, it's - can follow the same timeline. You can always - bet you it's within years that it's going to be the same timeline. You have to get - in order for this problem to be solved, you're going to have to get the legislators to create the laws, you're going to have to get law enforcement to enforce the laws, you're going to have to get prosecutors to prosecute and judges to convict."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is implying that some law enforcement professionals may be resistant to gathering and analyzing data on animal abuse because they view it as an added bureaucratic burden. This suggests that the speaker believes that some law enforcement officials may be unwilling to take the issue of animal abuse seriously or prioritize it as a potential indicator of violent behavior.","questions":"Which specific group of officials might be hesitant to gather and analyze data on animal abuse according to the implied meaning of turn 2?","answer":"Lawenforcement."}
{"text":["Well, so what I got really interested in was that when the coat showed up, it showed up in a black plastic package from China Post. So I thought I was buying a coat from some brand that represented itself as kind of this modern gentleman. You know, I was expecting it to have its headquarters, you know, in New York or San Francisco or Los Angeles or something. And this thing is shipped direct from a technology park in China.","So I kind of started thinking like, well, what is this brand?And I started diving into this new class of online retailer that use a tool called Shopify, which allows anyone to kind of spin up a retail store in five minutes; sucks products in from a service called AliExpress, which is sort of like Amazon but in China, and it's dedicated to kind of the export market for Chinese and other Asian manufacturers; and allows - basically - consumers in the U. S.  to take a different route into this manufacturing ecosystem, which makes so many clothes, which makes so many consumer goods, in Asia.","When you ordered this coat, were you genuinely surprised to be able to trace this stuff back, or was that the whole idea?","Well, no. I was genuinely surprised. I was literally - I had been tagged in the Facebook advertising system, which Instagram also uses, as someone who likes to buy clothes. And what I came to find was that this is a pretty widespread phenomenon."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Modern gentleman\" is used figuratively to describe a brand's image or style, rather than a literal definition of a man who is modern and well-mannered.","questions":"What was the term used figuratively to describe a brand's image or style?","answer":"Modern"}
{"text":["Well, what it does is it does away with the prohibition against rating on pre-existing conditions, meaning that if you have a pre-existing condition - and about a third of us do - that you could be charged a much higher rate for insurance. So let me give you an example. Somebody is working, they have insurance, and they have a catastrophic illness - cancer, some other calamity. They have to stop working because they need to get their condition taken care of. If they're out for 60 days, they lose their insurance. And now, they have to pay whatever the insurance company decides is the premium because they are - now have a pre-existing condition. Somebody in that situation may never be able to accumulate enough money to pay the very high premiums and get back on the cycle of having continuous insurance coverage.","Now, of course, Speaker Ryan looks forward to what are called now high-risk pools. These would be plans that are essentially devoted to try and accommodate people who have expensive and pre-existing conditions. You're not convinced that would do it.","Well, I think that the problem with those is in the fine print. First of all, very often they are not adequately funded. And many of the high-risk pools have lifetime caps, lifetime limits.","What kind of reforms would you like to make?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implies that the speaker would like to see further reforms beyond what is suggested by Speaker Ryan.","questions":"How does the speaker feel about Speaker Ryan's suggestion for high-risk pools?","answer":"Critical"}
{"text":["But turning 70, that's got to be a bit of a shock.","No, it isn't. Really, I keep wondering what everybody's amazed about it. You know, I feel excited the same as I did when I was 37 and that has carried on pretty much the same all those years. I feel no difference at all. Somebody's told me, or I heard in the radio or something, someone said that Mark Twain said age is a case of mind over matter. If you don't mind, it doesn't matter. So I just amble merrily forward. I don't care. I don't hide my age. I think hiding you age is a bit as sensible as acting(ph) your street number.","Well, acting, let's go to that for just a moment. I want to ask you about that Dustin Hoffman movie where. . .","That was a smooth maneuver."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Age is just a number and doesn't define how one feels","questions":"What does Mark Twain say about age?","answer":"Number."}
{"text":["Every administration has some level of dysfunction. But in a White House that is running somewhat more smoothly than this one, how would this work when it's a well-oiled machine or something close to it?","Well, I was involved in a similar case back in the Clinton presidency when we were examining someone for a high position in national security and seemed like a very fine candidate. But then we began to learn things about his past that were troubling. Red flags started to go up. And we went to the president and said, Mr.  President, there are some real problems here; these are very problematic. And the nominations then just disappeared.","So the public didn't know about it at that point.","The public didn't know and still doesn't know, and I don't think it's fair to the individual. His name was never put into play. I think his privacy should be protected since he wasn't seeking a job; he didn't - wasn't nominated. Here's the thing that also mystifies me because there's so much about this is strange. You would think that candidate himself, knowing how the system works, knowing that there's going to be deep scrutiny - you would think that the potential nominee would go to the chief of staff of the White House and say, we need to talk, and volunteer the information so there can be no misunderstandings along the way instead of having a situation here where people just sat on the information clearly some people knew."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The Clinton presidency had a scandal similar to the current one","questions":"What presidency had a scandal similar to the current one?","answer":"Clinton"}
{"text":["Thank you.","This study was conducted by some FDA researchers. Can you tell us more about what they found?","They found that some of the chemical active ingredients in sunscreen - oxybenzone, avobenzone - was absorbed through the skin. But they did not make a determination about whether or not that meant health effects - health side effects from that absorption.","You were behind Consumer Reports' extensive ranking of sunscreens. So in light of this news, how should we think about our choice of sunscreen?What should we look for?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Sunscreen ingredients can be absorbed by the skin, but the health effects are still unknown","questions":"What did the FDPersonA researchers determine about the health effects of sunscreen absorption?","answer":"Unknown"}
{"text":["I'm Farai Chideya and this is News & Notes. Staycation. It's one of those newfangled words that's caught on fast. A vacation is when you vacate. You take off, you stay in a hotel, or camp out, or see the sights. A staycation is - well, you got it. With soaring gas prices and plane tickets, this was supposed to be the summer of staying at home. But was that prediction off the mark?If you're thinking about traveling soon or for the winter holidays, what should you keep in mind?With us to talk about both of those issues we've got Madeline Nunn, senior travel agent with the Richmond, Virginia, branch of the American Automobile Association, or Triple-A. Hi, Madeline.","How are you?","I'm great. So, back in May, a Rand McNally survey found that two-thirds of Americans planning road trips this summer said they would shorten their trips or cancel them all together. Summer is wrapping up, so what actually panned out?","Well, actually, the staycation thing is sort of a myth, so to speak, because Americans are traveling. They're traveling because they are hard-working and they need the rest and the revitalization. They need this vacation. So, what we're finding is that they're not staying home, per se. Some are just staying a little closer to home. And sometimes they're limiting the length of time that they may take for this vacation."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Contrary to the prediction, many Americans did not cancel their summer road trips","questions":"How did many Americans respond to the prediction about their summer road trips?","answer":"Responded"}
{"text":["We wanted to learn more about all this, so we've called on Daniel Fessler. He is a professor of anthropology at UCLA, and he is the inaugural director of the Bedari Kindness Institute. And he's with us now. Professor Fessler, thank you so much for talking to us.","Well, thank you for your interest. I'm happy to be here.","I was just looking at your bio, and you say in your own bio - your own university bio that when your colleagues talk about your work, they politely call it eclectic. And I took that to mean that your work is hard to categorize. So I just wanted to ask, you know, how - what is your work, and how does it translate into this task of creating this kindness institute?","So it is indeed eclectic, broad-ranging, you might say. I'm an evolutionary anthropologist. And, in particular, I work on understanding contemporary human behavior, contemporary human health and how the mind works in the contemporary world in light of our species' long history of evolution. And in terms of kindness, an important feature of our species is that we are perhaps the most cooperative animal on the planet. So in no other species do you see cooperation between large numbers of unrelated individuals, or even, in many species, tolerance of large numbers of unrelated individuals."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : His work is odd and seen as very different from what people normally do and\/or expect.","questions":"What is the professor's area of expertise?","answer":"Anthropology"}
{"text":["Sure, you don't want the whole - that to be the second sentence of every every paragraph about you.","O'CONNELL: Yeah, Billie Eilish, who has Tourette's syndrome. . .","Right, which since I announced it, which I only announced it because I was, like, this needs to be cleared up. And of course, I said in that thing that I don't want it to define me or be who I am or whatever. And of course now, it's everything everybody talks about all the time. So it's great. And people keep asking about me about it in interviews.","O'CONNELL: (Laughter)."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) implies that the speaker is annoyed that the announcement about their Tourette's syndrome has become the focus of attention, even though they had only announced it in order to clear things up.","questions":"How does the speaker feel about the focus of attention on their Tourette's syndrome?","answer":"Annoyed"}
{"text":["It's becoming a new Thanksgiving tradition. This year, like the year before, the newest installment of \"The Hunger Games\" movie franchise \"Mockingjay Part 1\" is an adaptation of the first half of Suzanne Collins third and final book in the series. And with the backdrop of what's been happening in the world, protests in Ferguson, Missouri, and shakeup at the Capitol - Capitol Hill that is. Audiences look for comparisons between the fictitious world of Panem and the real world. We're joined now by Stephen Carter, a professor of law at Yale, a novelist and columnist for Bloomberg View, where he writes regularly on popular culture. Stephen, thanks so much for being back with us.","It's my pleasure, Scott.","I'm just guessing you don't watch \"Hunger Games\" the way a lot of other people do.","You're right. I'm looking for tropes and ideas that are going to leap out of the film into public life. And one that's really striking about the \"Hunger Games\" franchise is how more than really anything else in recent years in popular culture, so many of the symbols - the nation of Panem itself with its deep wealth inequalities, the notion of the Capitol, this barricaded wealthy city and of course, Katniss Everdeen herself, the hero. All of these things have not only leapt into the public imagination, but they are regular features of political argument."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"watch\" - This verb usually means to observe something with one's eyes, but in this context, it implies enjoying or experiencing a film.","questions":"How does PersonA describe the symbols of the \"Hunger Games\" franchise?","answer":"Tropes"}
{"text":["The death toll in Sudan has risen sharply. A doctors group there now says more than 30 people were killed and hundreds wounded when the military fired on a sit-in outside the defense ministry. Pro-democracy protesters want a new government in Sudan. They have been negotiating with the military. In a televised statement, the military said now all agreements are off, and elections will happen within nine months.","Joining us now is Nima Elbagir. She is senior international correspondent with CNN. She was in Sudan not long ago, and she joins us now from London. Thanks so much for being with us this morning.","Good morning, Rachel.","Nima, I understand you're in touch with people in Khartoum. What are you hearing now that this violence has happened?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The military opened fire on peaceful protesters resulting in numerous deaths and injuries, causing political instability in Sudan.","questions":"What was the reason for the political instability in Sudan?","answer":"Firing"}
{"text":["When we lose sight of the importance of our Constitution and upholding our systems of justice, then we slide a little bit - not to sound dramatic, but we slide a little closer to anarchy. We in the criminal justice field have a moral, ethical and legal responsibility to uphold our systems of justice. And that's for the victims. I frankly don't really care about Jeffrey Epstein. But I care about our systems of justice, and these kinds of things just can't happen.","That's Cameron Lindsay. He's a former warden at three federal facilities, and he's been in top leadership posts and numerous others.","Mr.  Lindsay, thanks so much for talking to us today.","Thank you very much, ma'am."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : We do not physically slide closer to anarchy - this is a metaphor ","questions":"Which word in turn 0 is used to describe the movement towards anarchy?","answer":"slide"}
{"text":["Oh, my goodness, the crisis keeps deepening by the day. Yesterday, some of the parties called for a vote of no confidence. The chancellor, Sebastian Kurz, was hoping that he could get rid of Interior Minister Kickl, who has also been the center of several scandals himself during the course of the 18 months that they've been in government. The other ministers of Transport, Defense and Labor said, we're going to leave, too.","So you're describing all sorts of behind-closed-doors machinations going on here. But bottom line - as Austria prepares to go to bed tonight, Chancellor Sebastian Kurz is still in charge of the government, but he doesn't have much of a government now that his coalition has fallen apart.","Exactly.","How is this playing as you are out and about interviewing people on the streets of Vienna?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Although Kurz is technically still in charge, the government has lost much of its power and stability due to the coalition's collapse.","questions":"What has happened to the government's power and stability due to the coalition's collapse?","answer":"power"}
{"text":["Five cases of cholera have now been confirmed in the port city of Beira, Mozambique. And this is spreading in the wake of what the United Nations has called the worst catastrophe to hit southern Africa. A cyclone and massive flooding two weeks ago killed hundreds of people.","Earlier this morning, we were able to reach Caitlin Ryan. She is the emergency communications officer for the group Doctors Without Borders. They're also known by their French initials MSF. She is in the city of Beira, and I asked her what it's like there.","In many ways, it does feel like life is returning to the city. There's some food in the market; people have cleaned the streets. And we're starting to treat a lot of injuries of people repairing their homes. So in many ways, life is returning to normal. But in many other ways, maybe even a hundred thousand people are sleeping without roofs, they don't have enough food, and access to clean water is severely, severely limited.","Well, speaking of health problems - I mean, what can you tell me now about these cases of cholera?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In (4), the speaker is not asking for a description of the current health problems; they are asking for information specifically related to the cases of cholera that were mentioned in (1).","questions":"How is the speaker in turn 3 specifically asking for information on what health problem?","answer":"Cholera"}
{"text":["The billionaire financier Jeffrey Epstein has been taken into federal custody related to sex trafficking. According to The Daily Beast, who first reported this story, Epstein was arrested yesterday and will appear in court tomorrow to be charged in connection with sex trafficking minors. This comes more than a decade after accusations first surfaced that Epstein had paid dozens of young girls for sex. But he avoided federal criminal charges and significant prison time in a plea deal that continues to draw criticism for its lenient terms. For more on this, we called Pervaiz Shallwani, one of the Daily Beast reporters who broke this story. And he's with us now.","Thank you so much for being with us.","Thank you for having me.","And I'm just going to start by saying that the details may be disturbing to some listeners because this does involve accusations about the treatment of young girls. So, having said that, Pervaiz, as briefly as you can, what are the allegations that first surfaced against Epstein in 2007 and 2008?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : He was happy to attend the talk show","questions":"What was PersonA's response when PersonB thanked him for being with them?","answer":"Thank"}
{"text":["As a parent, or as a wife, or both?","Well, I mean, how can I answer that?I spend a lot of time at home, especially now that I have kids, so, I'm mostly confronting these situations that involve white people making assumptions about me and my children. But, you know, when we go into Boston, both with my kids and with my husband when he was, you know, my boyfriend, or my fiance, or whatever, and we were living in the city, yes, I think, you know, we certainly got our fair share of double takes and then some. And not very subtle, either, by blacks which I also find just as disconcerting, if not more so.","You mention towards the end of your article that you are hopeful, but not necessarily convinced, that everything is moving in the right direction racially. Why do you think that?","Well, I really just don't know. You know, I am very hopeful because I think that, you know, my biggest fear as a parent is that my kids will somehow feel squeezed between these two identities, and feel forced to choose one. And there are many stories of, you know, friends and acquaintances of mine who are biracial who go through these stages of, you know, rejecting their black parent or feeling embarrassed by their black parent. And then reading \"Malcolm X\" freshman year in college and then rejecting their white parent. I mean, it's a very common thing, or it's not uncommon, at least."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker faces racial discrimination and stereotypes from both white and black people.","questions":"What type of discrimination does the speaker face?","answer":"Racial"}
{"text":["Well, it's about four, five, six percent. But we also asked questions about whether or not people would change their minds. You can add an additional about 20 percent of voters who are picking a candidate in the month of September, but are still saying they might change their mind how they're going to vote. When you add those two numbers together, you get almost to a quarter of the electorate in Ohio that could change its mind between now and Election Day.","And the number one issue, as it is in many places in the country, the economy?","The economy is the number one issue. And one of the things that makes it very difficult for a candidate to campaign in Ohio is that when they come to Ohio to talk about the economy, they can't just talk about a single aspect. When you talk to folks in the northern part of the state, northeast Ohio which includes Cleveland, and northwest Ohio which includes Toledo, when you're talking about the economy there, oftentimes the discussion is about trade.","When you talk about the economy in southwest Ohio, which is the Cincinnati area, there's much less talk about trade, and more discussion about wages and the salaries that people are making. The southeast area of the state, which is also known in part because of the Appalachian history of that part of the state, has high unemployment. A number of counties in southeast Ohio have double-digit unemployment. Many people in that region are talking about and focused on unemployment, solely as their economic concern."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : None found - the turns \"less talk about trade\" and \"focused on unemployment\" appear to have their literal meanings.","questions":"Which turn focuses on the economy in the Cincinnati area?","answer":"Cincinnati"}
{"text":["When you say muscle through an agenda, the implication is they've got to twist arms in their own party?","Well, I think the Republican Party is going through change. The more populous, working-class element of the Republican Party is on the ascent. And the tectonic plates within both parties, frankly, are changing as both parties are becoming more tribalized. As you see on the Democratic side, Elizabeth Warren and Bernie Sanders have a significant and outsized voice in their party just as the House Freedom Caucus and the more populous, working-class wing on the Republican side have an outsized voice.","Ken Spain was managing director of communications at Koch Industries. He's now a partner at the CGCN consultant group. Thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you for having me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : having me implies hosting someone or engaging with someone and not referring to owning someone","questions":"What does turn 3 imply about the meaning of \"having\"?","answer":"Hosting"}
{"text":["You can never protect someone by stripping them of their rights. The premise is that unless California lawmakers become complicit in denying California athletes equal rights, then somehow those players will be harmed. And that's just a false premise.","And before we let you go, do you feel like you're making headway?Like, you know, part of the reason you got started with this - you were a former UCLA football player yourself. You saw the NCAA suspend your teammate for accepting a bag of groceries when he had no food. You know, you've seen a lot over the course of time that you've been working on this. And I'm just wondering if you feel like your arguments are making headway. Are people starting to take the questions around how college athletes are treated more seriously?","I do think there's progress. Not as fast as I would like - you know, you look at the multi-year scholarships are now available, the name, image and likeness lawsuit from Ed O'Bannon that resulted in stipends. There's still a ways to go. Let's put it that way. But I do think there's reform. I think a lot of key people are listening, especially lawmakers.","That is Ramogi Huma. He is the founder and executive director of the National College Players Association, an organization founded to advocate for college athletes."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : NATIONAL COLLEGE PLAYERS ASSOCIATION  FOUNDED TO ADVOCATE  COLLEGE ATHLETS","questions":"What is the purpose of the National College Players Association?","answer":"advocate"}
{"text":["Let's get back to the news organizations who weren't permitted in this briefing. Now, I gather this kind of briefing is called a gaggle. What happened?","That's right.","Were you there?What did you see?","Well, what happened is instead of the daily on-camera briefing, Sean Spicer called a gaggle so he could talk to the pool. That's the small group of reporters that go places where the entire press corps can't fit. And then they share their transcripts and their notes with everyone else in the press corps. The White House said this gaggle would have an extended pool. And turns out they invited some additional organizations, but they pointedly excluded others like CNN, The New York Times, Politico. NPR was not there."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) implies that the speaker wants to know what happened to the news organizations that weren't permitted in the briefing,","questions":"What was the name given to the type of briefing that Sean Spicer called?","answer":"Gaggle"}
{"text":["Well, this ongoing and developing saga between singers Chris Brown and Rihanna. The president's proposed stimulus package is getting kicked around online as well. This is from the blog Political Season. He writes: Half of America is very weary of the bailout, and the other half loathes it, and nobody understands the logic going into it. Is it just me or would it have made a whole lot more sense for there to have been some public disclosure so that people understood the urgency and the emergency involved?","And this is from the blog Cob(ph): Like the woman who was pregnant when she voted for Obama because she thought he'd change America's health-care system in time for her baby, a lot of people are going to be disappointed to find that the stimulus plan is not going to be as broad and timely as the economy will be wiping out jobs.","And after today's developments, they are probably going to be even more confused in terms of what's about to happen. What can people find out on our Web site this week, Geoffrey?","Well, we've got two recent in-studio performances, one from Maisha, another one from Asha. They're both female singers who go by one name."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The stimulus package is being talked about online in a good and a bad way.","questions":"How is the stimulus package being discussed online?","answer":"Weary"}
{"text":["So I shaved my head kind of as a social experiment, you know?And sure enough, no more hey, baby, you know?But suddenly I was public enemy No. 1. People thought I was a skinhead or some kind of punk that was going to break something or steal something.","People were visibly intimidated - which, again, here's a girl moving through the world, craving eye contact, craving human connection, even fleeting connection, passersby, you know?And so the fact that people no longer even would look me in the eye was - it really weighed on me, and it started to accumulate in my chest. Even people who are politely nervous just eventually enraged me.","(Singing) I am not an angry girl, but it seems like I've got everyone fooled. Every time I say something they find hard to hear, they chalk it up to my anger and never to their own fear.","You had - as you talked about in the book, you were struggling with this idea of how to make art and how to sell your art or even if you should."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : People's avoidance made the speaker feel isolated and angry","questions":"Which emotion did the speaker feel due to people's avoidance?","answer":"Weight"}
{"text":["Yes. There are tens of thousands of North Koreans who are hiding in China today. At the peak in the late '90s, early 2000s, there were more than half a million. But in - about 25,000 have made it safely to South Korea where they're living today. And about 140, 150 have come to the United States, and there have been several hundred who've gone to Europe.","And this underground railroad, obviously the phrase we associate with escaped slaves from the South before the Civil War, but the analogy, you say, is apt.","The analogy is very similar. It's a secret network of safe houses and routes - secret routes across the country. It's staffed. It's operated mostly by Christians, similar to the original Underground Railroad, though there are also people who are in it for the money who are involved - brokers and human traffickers. And many of the people who help the North Koreans in China are ethnically Korean. That is they're Korean-Chinese or they're South Korean or there are - they are Americans who are of Korean heritage. I interviewed a number of the rescuers, and their stories are incredibly inspiring. Especially in this Christmas season, you think about these are people who are living their faith by going to a hostile country to help, and helping people that nobody else in the world is prepared to help.","And it's interesting. You tell the story of one of them: Adrian Hong."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The people involved in the rescue are risking their lives to help refugees based on their faith and compassion.","questions":"How are the people involved in the rescue motivated?","answer":"faith"}
{"text":["Most certainly, you know, because when it's so many deaths and injured, emotions tend to run really high. And we're certainly worried.","But so far, have you heard of any incidents of intimidation or violence?","There has been a few minor incidents - nothing major. Pelting stones at a few mosques. And on Sunday itself, two shops were burned down.","Two shops, I think."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A is implying that there have been small reports of violence, such as stones being thrown at mosques and shops being burned down.","questions":"Which religious places were targeted in the reported incidents?","answer":"mosques"}
{"text":["Yes.","They got very close.","Yeah. They got way too close. It would've been an absolute disaster, politically, politically - never mind anything else - for Mr.  Lincoln if the Confederates had just marched into Washington, you know, burned Washington. And that could have very easily had happened. Grant would have been disgraced. Lincoln might have lost the election in November because this would be such an embarrassment, psychological impact would've been incalculable.","I want to talk about Lincoln and I think that there's a monument up there to Lincoln's role in this battle."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Turn (4): \"I want to talk about Lincoln and I think that there's a monument up there to Lincoln's role in this battle\" - The literal meaning is that the speaker wants to discuss a monument related to Lincoln's role in a battle. However, the actual meaning could be that the speaker wants to discuss Lincoln's role in the battle itself, rather than just the monument.","questions":"Which battle?","answer":"Washington"}
{"text":["Well, Pluto's official designation is a dwarf planet. And I have to tell you the people who sent this probe all the way out to Pluto are a little angry about that because when they launched it a decade ago, Pluto was still a planet.","(Laughter).","It got downgraded in the intervening years.","That seems so unfair."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The people who sent the probe feel disappointed that Pluto was downgraded and their efforts were for nothing.","questions":"Which probe?","answer":"The"}
{"text":["In a word, Ari - schadenfreude. I think at this moment, whether you look at politics or society in general, there is a lot of concern about fraud, about misrepresentation, people not being who they say they are, not to mention a lot of resentment of wealth and privilege and all the trappings that come with it. And the way this story has unfolded, the fact that these families really seem to believe that the rules should not apply to them - that's been galling to many people.","And then look at the setting, right?So elite colleges are the source of such cultural fascination. Some would say obsession. Highly selective colleges - you know, they only enroll about 1 percent of all college students. So they're very, very small. But then again, they have these brands that are known all over the world. And they're supposed to stand for merit, for hard work, for the best and the brightest.","And so when you look at something like this or, even bigger, the legacy admissions or the fact that some wealthy donors can write a check and get their kid into college that way supposedly, it - all of this is really going to undermine the idea of having institutions in our society that represent hard work and being kind of excellent.","So where do these cases go from here?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  Implied meaning: These cases may lead to a general mistrust of institutions that are supposed to represent hard work and excellence","questions":"What is at risk because of the unfolding story in the dialogue?","answer":"Institutions"}
{"text":["Well, the Republican reaction is pretty typical. Whenever we see Donald Trump act like a stress test on democratic institutions, Republicans in Congress are usually silent. They don't seem to be concerned by the president involving himself in an internal investigation or openly calling for the Mueller investigation to end unless they are Republicans who are not running for re-election. So we have heard some criticisms from Republicans who are planning to retire. In the past, Republicans have come to the defense of Attorney General Jeff Sessions because the president has relentlessly humiliated and criticized him. And Republican senators have stood up for Sessions. He's become a kind of proxy for the rule of law. What we don't know is if firing Bob Mueller is a kind of red line for Republicans in Congress. That's really the big question.","So what do we know about the Justice Department?What are they saying about all this?","Well, there has been pushback from former DOJ officials who say this firing was inappropriate. We also know how Andrew McCabe has reacted. He said he was singled out and treated this way because of what he witnessed in the aftermath of the firing of James Comey. He says that he was fired to undermine the credibility of the Mueller investigation. We also know that McCabe made contemporaneous notes just like his boss, James Comey, did. All FBI agents are trained to do this. And coincidentally, James Comey is about to embark on a book tour, one of the highest-profile book tours ever.","Yes."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Republicans in Congress are not doing enough to hold Donald Trump accountable for his actions and words","questions":"What is the big question regarding the firing of Bob Mueller for Republicans in Congress?","answer":"Red"}
{"text":["The State Department has said that the ambassador concluded her three-year diplomatic assignment in Kyiv as planned, that there was no kind of retribution or she was not yanked back unceremoniously. Why are there doubts on that in the diplomatic community?","My understanding is that Ambassador Yovanovitch had been expected to stay on in her position through the end of the summer. And then suddenly in May, there was a torrent of criticism, including a tweet by the president's son, Don Jr. , calling her a joker and calling for her dismissal and a bunch of Fox News segments criticizing her. And then, lo and behold, she was called back, and the explanation was put out that this was as planned. But it was completely inconsistent with everything else we understood about her term and expected tenure in Ukraine. And the notion that this was done to coincide with a transition of power in Ukraine is very far from standard practice. That doesn't make any sense.","I can see your eyebrows raised from here about this whole story. And I guess what is the lesson that you think other State Department workers are taking from this?Is it the idea that you're vulnerable to attack from the president?Is it becoming a target of right-wing sites?Like, what is the thing that you think will have a chilling effect?","The core problem here, which Congress is appropriately focusing on in the impeachment hearings, are primarily about, is the president abusing his power and what looks like withholding military assistance to a vulnerable partner country in order to advance his political aims?So that's No. 1, and that's front and center."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : She was not abruptly forced to return with no reason given.","questions":"Which diplomatic assignment did the ambassador conclude as planned?","answer":"planned"}
{"text":["Wow, is this the same thing that happened a couple of years ago, or am I just imagining this?","Now, we've had actually more stratospheric warming events in the past decade than we generally have in the past. This is somewhat of a new science, we've only been able to study the stratosphere since the '50s. So we don't really have any statistically significant time periods to be looking at. But we are seeing that these are occurring now almost every year. We're seeing them about every two years in the past. Now we're seeing them almost every year for the past decade.","And so this is becoming a more common event. So I'm not exactly sure what timeline you were looking at, but we did have a stratospheric warming event in 2011.","Yeah, is there some event that actually triggers this to happen?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : No, this is not the same thing that happened a couple of years ago. It might be similar, but it is not the same.","questions":"Which event is not the same as what happened a couple of years ago?","answer":"HIV"}
{"text":[". . . Of Puerto Rico. (Laughter) So that would leave the secretary of the Department of Education fourth in line. And he took over that agency from Julia Keleher, who is facing corruption charges in federal court.","Oh, my goodness.","And I think it's important to remember that the arrest of the former Department of Education secretary almost three weeks ago initiated this head-spinning series of events that has led to Governor Rossello's announcement last Wednesday that he was resigning.","Mr.  Trelles, I just want to know because we're going so far down the line of succession, is there some point in the rules where the governorship just falls to you, that it's the editor of Radio Ambulante who becomes governor of Puerto Rico?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : It is being implied that if everyone resigns he will be the new leader.","questions":"How would the editor of Radio Ambulante become governor of Puerto Rico according to PersonB's question?","answer":"Governor"}
{"text":["The flaws that one makes, that one has, are more apparent. The mistakes one makes are more apparent when you've died. The sweet scent of marjoram sweeps away all the contradictions, but yet Jesse Jackson has been the most extraordinary rhetorical genius to articulate the vision, the virtue, and the value of black life in the American public square.","Al Sharpton has emerged in the last few years. Reverend Al Sharpton himself sees himself as part of the legacy of Martin Luther King Jr. , but at the same time, he worked up north, Dr.  King worked down south. Jessie Jackson, of course, worked in Chicago. And these two gentlemen then challenged some of the prevailing forms of oppression in the midst of a northern culture that had not yet tested its commitment to civil rights.","And Jesse Jackson and Al Sharpton forced them to grapple with it. Jackson in Chicago, Sharpton in New York, especially focusing on police brutality and forms of white mob violence directed against vulnerable black people. Barack Obama\u2026","And then - yeah, Barack Obama has a sort of different place in the\u2026"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The literal meaning of this phrase is that the scent of marjoram can be used to mask contradictions. The actual meaning, however, is unclear and seems to be a metaphor or poetic expression that may require further context or interpretation.","questions":"Which phrase in turn 2 suggests that Jesse Jackson and Al Sharpton worked to challenge oppression?","answer":"Advocacy"}
{"text":["Yeah. These were street fights that got very intense at some stage. And what happened is a large group of pro-Russian protesters fled into a building. I guess they were seeking shelter or looking for a place to perhaps launch their own attacks.","And what video footage shows is that protesters - other protesters began throwing Molotov cocktails at the building, which went up in flame. And many of these victims died of smoke inhalation or jumping from windows or - you know, when they were jumping from windows.","And let's try and follow up on a couple of things, too. What happens now that the European military - we can no longer refer to them as hostages. European military monitors have been released. What happens to their mission?","Well, we have to remember that these particular people who were taken captive were not part of the OSCE or - that's the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe - they were not part of this official mission that's supposed to be monitoring what's going on here. And so they will - obviously, they're not going to be back here to do what it was they were doing. They were just monitoring separately. But the OSCE mission is continuing to look at what's happening here."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) A: Well, we have to remember that these particular people who were taken captive were not part of the OSCE or - that's the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe - they were not part of this official mission that's supposed to be monitoring what's going on here. And so they will - obviously, they're not going to be back here to do what it was they were doing. They were just monitoring separately. But the OSCE mission is continuing to look at what's happening here.","questions":"Which organization were the captured individuals not part of?","answer":"OSCE"}
{"text":["But I'm sure that there's something else that you want to share with us. You have your poems about California, poems about the blues.","I've got one. The once called \"Who I Am in Twilight. \"And it's a poem that is actually emblazoned on the sidewalk. And it's set in stone, as it were, on something called \"Poetry Walk\" in Berkeley, California. They put down on sidewalk, Addison Street, about a hundred poets', I think, work. So it's fun to go over there and see how posterity works, because always somebody has dropped some pizza on it, mashed out a cigarette on it, or something like that.","So don't live for posterity, live for now. But here it is. \"Who I am in Twilight. \"","Like John Lee Hooker, like Lightnin' Hopkins, like the blues himself. The Trickster Sonnet, hoedown, the tango, the cante jondo. Like blessed spirituals and ragas, custom-made. Like sagas. Like stories. Like slick, slow, sly, soliloquies sliding into dramas. Like crime and punishment. Like death and birth. Canal Street, New Orleans. Like the easy, erasable, troubled voices a whirling ceiling fan makes in deep summer nights in hot, un-heavenly hotels. Oklahoma, Arkansas, Tennessee. Like the Mississippi River so deep and wide, you couldn't get a letter to the other side. Like Grand Canyon. Like Yosemite National Park. Like beans and cornbread. Like rest and recreation. Like love and like. I know we last. I know our bleeding stops."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The poet's work has been preserved in a special place in California.","questions":"Which state is the special place where the poet's work has been preserved?","answer":"Various"}
{"text":["Without warning, I sat down to my meal. The pot pie looked like something Martha Stewart whipped up. And served in her mother's best china, Christiane's potatoes au gratin with green chilies could've been an expensive appetizer at a fine restaurant.","Mm, mm. Oh my gosh. It's really good. It's kind of got like that Tex-Mex flavor to it, like jalapenos. . .","I think if you don't add the chilis. . .","Mm."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The pot pie looked like it had been professionally made and then served in an expensive manner.","questions":"How did the pot pie look?","answer":"something"}
{"text":["I have credit, but it was delayed. I've never had trouble getting credit here in Brazil. I've always paid my bills, and so credit's available for me. But this year, the credit promises were made, but then the credit wasn't going to arrive until it was too late to order the fertilizer and actually work out the logistics of receiving it. And so it's changed my plans a lot this year.","And timing is really essential for farmers. So, how is that going to play out there with your 2000 acres of soy?","The 2,000 acres I'm going to plant this year are technically for another farmer. I'm not going to farm anything in my own name this year. And that's common enough, really; I'm not alone in that. Total acreage of corn and soybeans could easily be down this year in Brazil. Most people expect there to be less corn, a lot less cotton, and also less of some of the food crops like rice and edible beans. So, it's caused everyone to plant less than they normally would.","Where do all of those crops grown in Brazil - corn, wheat, and soy - where do they get exported to?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A has had trouble getting credit in Brazil this year despite having a good credit history.","questions":"How has PersonA's credit history been in Brazil this year?","answer":"Delayed"}
{"text":["You are a brave man. You think there's going to be any political spats at your table?","Well, the entire house becomes the table with that many people, so we won't actually have room for argument. Anybody who wants to bicker will have to go outside.","John Dickerson is the chief political correspondent for slate. com. Thanks, John, and happy Thanksgiving.","Thank you. Happy Thanksgiving to you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The house is too crowded to have political arguments","questions":"Which event won't happen due to the crowded house?","answer":"Arguments"}
{"text":["We're not paid a huge salary by a league at all. Instead, our income comes almost exclusively from sponsorship deals with inked apparel companies, like Nike and ASICS, that keeps them bound for three to five years. And we don't get rich.","No, point taken. Well, when you decided to have a baby, like, what happened?I mean, did you tell your contact at Nike?Did your agent speak to them?Like, what happened?","Back in 2012, I just finished the Olympic year. And I finished fifth at the Olympics. I noted hey, you know, you guys, it's - I'm looking at my contract here, and there aren't any protections in place. And they would not provide me with what would happen to me. That led us to kind of seeking out other options. ASICS came into play and kind of stated the same thing. Hey, I plan on expanding my family. ASICS at the time had said, we appreciate full athletes. Come over here. And so I did. I finished a year with them in which I finished with a bronze medal at world championships.","And so in that off-year, I'd hoped that we would conceive and be able to have our daughter and return to the sport. And I did conceive. I did have my daughter. And my daughter was two months old. And I got a phone call that said, I want to talk about your contracts in regard to your performance this year - which means - you mean the year that I've been with child?And then I was - my payment was reduced."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Despite being a professional athlete, their income comes from sponsorship deals.","questions":"How does the athlete's income come?","answer":"sponsorships"}
{"text":["Yes. I don't think the government contends that she was a spy. She pled guilty to one count of failing to register as a foreign agent. But still, in her statement of the offense, the activities she undertook weren't necessarily covert or spycraft. There's no allegation she's a member of Russian intelligence. And I think that's worn out, although she did pled guilty - plead guilty and is accepting responsibility for not registering as a foreign agent.","Yeah. What was she trying to do then?","She was trying to build bridges between the two countries, and through civil society groups, which I think happens with a lot of foreign nationals and foreign students.","Well, build bridges or - I'm going to mix metaphors here - or create a road in for Russian interests?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : build bridges implies engaging in good human relationship and connections","questions":"Which phrase describes the activities the woman undertook?","answer":"Engaging"}
{"text":["It takes a whole lot of land to produce meat. If you think about it this way, imagine around the globe all of the crop land out there - one-third of it is used to grow food not for people but for animals. It's animal feed. And when you combine the land needed to graze animals and feed them, this is just a whole lot. The World Resources Institute has estimated that for every gram of protein, producing beef can require 20 times the land and emit 20 times the emissions compared to what it takes to produce beans.","So are there certain types of meat that are better in terms of environmental footprint?Or basically is the suggestion that we should not be eating meat?","There are definitely better choices, and it does not have to be all or nothing. I just mentioned cows and other ruminants. They require a lot of land and feed. But they also release a lot of methane into the atmosphere. Every time these animals belch, a bit of methane goes up into the atmosphere. Methane is a very potent greenhouse gas.","So from an environmental perspective, options such as chicken and turkey can be better. It takes less animal feed to produce meat from these animals. They grow faster. They require less land. So when it comes to reducing the environmental footprint of your diet, you don't have to completely give up meat."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Producing beef has a significant impact on the environment.","questions":"How does producing beef affect the environment?","answer":"Land"}
{"text":["Obviously, everything in this book is something that I concluded is accurate and true. That's a process of, do I trust my source?No. 1. And then I, you know, like to hear it a couple of times.","I'm thinking of the famous Watergate stories by Woodward and Bernstein. It was said that their standard was they wanted to hear two sources. Was that your standard?Anything in here is by two sources?","Most everything in here is either by multiple sources or, in some cases, by someone I absolutely trust.","Does the president talk to you anymore?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A relies on multiple sources to ensure accuracy, unlike Watergate reporters who required two sources","questions":"How does PersonA ensure accuracy?","answer":"Trust"}
{"text":["So the sport itself has given me countless opportunities. And for me, the reason why I'm so interested in doing this, it's sort of like my way of giving back, in a sense. You know, I'm going places with the javelin and it's helping me out and probably going to get me into a nice school. So why not give back?And I feel like if I have to do this research project at my school, why not do it on something that I like?","Yeah. I'm just going to guess you've heard from some people that know somebody who was injured by a javelin who've said there's no need for this sport?","Honestly, I haven't. I mean, I know there are some people that have gotten injured and there are people that are against the implementation of the event. But personally, I do not know anybody that has been injured.","You know, Mr.  Christensen, there are people listening around the country I'm sure might point out that it seems easier to buy a gun in South Carolina than to throw a javelin in high school."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"there are people that are against the implementation of the event\" - The literal meaning is that some people are against having the javelin event in competitions. The actual meaning is that there are some concerns about the safety of the sport, but the speaker does not personally know anyone who has been injured.","questions":"Which sport has some people against its implementation?","answer":"Javelin"}
{"text":["As far as race goes, you know, many of the African-American women who came forward about what Cosby did to them struggled with that, too. And in the end, they concluded, as I conclude, that he's not your typical African-American defendant. He had seven attorneys at his second trial. How many do you know that could have the income level to afford that?It's about power and privilege and wealth, and that's what allowed him to escape justice for so long.","That's Nicole Weisensee Egan. Her new book is \"Chasing Cosby: The Downfall Of America's Dad. \"We spoke with her from member station WHYY in Philadelphia.","Nicole Egan, thanks so much for talking to us.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There are no turns in this dialogue whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings. All the turns are straightforward and do not contain any figurative language or idiomatic expressions.","questions":"What was the name of the book mentioned by A?","answer":"America'sDad"}
{"text":["Well, they do. But what people don't always realize about the Affordable Care Act is it's not just a discrete program in and of itself. It changed other government programs, too, and that includes Medicare.","What was the biggest change for Medicare?","Well, the one that's gotten the most attention is the change to prescription drug coverage. You may have heard about something called the doughnut hole. That's where Medicare would get you a discount on prescriptions but only up to a point. After that, you had to pay full price for drugs until you shelled out around 1,300 bucks. Then Medicaid would help you out again.","Now, some people never really reached that point because when they had to pay full price, they just started skipping some of their prescription meds. So the Affordable Care Act has been phasing out this gap. It saved people on Medicare more than $23 billion. But this program could go away with the repeal of the law.","That could go away, and we should say, once again, that we don't know yet what any replacement will look like. What have you heard among the ideas being proposed that might affect older Americans?","Well, a few members of Congress, Republicans, have circulated their own proposals for replacing the Affordable Care Act. And one thing that comes up in some of them, including in House Speaker Paul Ryan's plan, is a major change to Medicaid. Now, that's known as the program that provides health care for the poor. But it's also the program that pays for long-term care for a lot of older people. In fact, Medicaid pays the bills for most nursing home residents."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"That's where Medicare would get you a discount on prescriptions but only up to a point. After that, you had to pay full price for drugs until you shelled out around 1,300 bucks.\" The phrase \"shelled out\" is used metaphorically here to mean \"paying money,\" indicating a non-literal meaning.","questions":"What is the term used metaphorically to mean \"paying money\" in turn 2?","answer":"Shelled"}
{"text":["Well, at a Vatican briefing last Tuesday, the spokesman Father Frederico Lombardi used the Armenian term Medz Yeghern, which means the Great Evil. And he bristled when he was asked why he didn't say genocide. So when the prepared text of the Pope's speech last night used only the Armenian term, most of us thought that was a possible diplomatic overture toward Turkey.","In his actual delivery, the Pope added the word genocide. He said that genocide made possible by the twisted racial ideological or religious aims that darken the minds of the tormentors, even to the point of planning the annihilation of entire peoples. \"That drew a standing ovation from the president of Armenia and the diplomatic corps.","The pope visited the genocide memorial today. What did he say there?","Well, it was a a very powerful scene. Francis stood with his head bowed in prayer next to the Armenian apostolate patriarch and a group of black hooded Orthodox bishops while musicians performed a mournful melody on an ancient Armenian flute that's called the duduk. Here's what it sounds like."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) The performance of a mournful melody on the Armenian flute symbolized the grief of the Armenian people.","questions":"How did the performance on the Armenian flute make the Armenians feel?","answer":"Grief"}
{"text":["Microfauna, can't get enough.","Microflora and fauna.","That's right.","Excuse me, I just thought of - wow, and was this something he started out to do, I mean, as a scientist?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Women are vulnerable due to lack of privacy and basic necessities","questions":"Which group is vulnerable?","answer":"Women"}
{"text":["Yeah. And you know, it - so what they're studying - so I could gush about the animals for a long time, but there's actual science going on here. And the idea is to understand sort of how muscles work and how our skeletons help us move. And engineers are collaborating with them to make better robots, and they have sort of influence on people looking for treatments for movement disorders in people.","I mean, this is a really basic biology happening here, but you need to have all these kinds of animals to compare how a guinea fowl runs versus how an emu runs or - and so they also have, you know, really cool gadgets. So there's like a huge X-ray machine that takes X-ray video and high-speed cameras everywhere.","And. . .","It's sort of like a visual dream."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"make better robots\" - In this context, making better robots refers to improving the design and functionality of robots by studying how animals move. The literal meaning of make is to create something physically, but in this case, it refers to designing robots.","questions":"What is the purpose of studying animal movements in relation to robotics?","answer":"improve"}
{"text":["No, no, I worked with John, he had already come here, and I worked with John, and then I went to Bell and worked with John Moll and then later was in the Army in a group they won't let me talk about too much, it was an intelligence group in Japan.","And then when I got out, I was six years at GE, and that's where this happened. And then I had a fantastic colleague there, Bob Hall. Bob's getting a little bit old, but he was a stalwart figure. He would've been the next Nobel Prize I would've given in the semiconductor field.","But I had access, you're right, to some of the very, very best people that were pioneers.","It must have been very exciting during those times."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Bob Hall was a great colleague and could have won a Nobel prize","questions":"What accolade did the speaker say Bob Hall could have received?","answer":"Nobel"}
{"text":["I do. I hope I give them - my songs give them a reason to wake up, you know, and think about what is going on in the world. And hopefully they resonate with the audience, the people who are hearing them. I've always hoped from the time we started singing the freedom songs that our songs - was singing them to make a difference. You know, make a better place. Help somebody instead of hurting somebody. You know, so much we could do to make it better.","Well, it's such a delight to speak with you again. I am so excited that I get the chance to talk with you about this new album. You know I'm going to put you on the spot and ask you if you have a favorite.","All of these songs, Michel. I love every one. But I do love \"Heavy On My Mind. \"","(Singing) We did everything we could to slow this world down. Now my love is in the ground."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The songs that I sing have a message that can inspire change in the world.","questions":"Which song does PersonA mention as their favorite?","answer":"Heavy"}
{"text":["They have to do this because if they don't do this, they end up rolling back into the dung pad. And there's a lot of beetles there, all competing for this very valuable resource, and it's very likely that they get their dung ball stolen after quite a fight often. So they must get away from the dung pad in a straight line. That's the quickest and the most efficient way of leaving the dung pad, and so it's critically important for them that they do this. And so the stripe of light in the sky helps them to do this. They can actually orient with respect to it and orient in straight line away.","So what happens when it's a cloudy night and they can't see the sky?They just don't go out that night?","No, they do but they roll in circles. So it's actually a very dangerous night indeed for dung beetles.","But thankfully, in South Africa where we were working, cloudy nights are not all that common."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : He is implying that the beetles will be blind at night.","questions":"Which sense do the beetles rely on to orient themselves at night?","answer":"Light"}
{"text":["Exactly. That's what we did in this particular study. We looked at one aspect of vocal behavior, which is whether the mouth is open or closed. And we looked at living dinosaurs - birds. We have 10,000 species today. Most of them vocalize, sing with an open mouth. But some birds produce sound with a closed mouth. They actually inflate different structures that allow them to resonate, often at lower frequencies than many other birds. But we also needed to look at alligators and crocodiles as the closest cousins to dinosaurs.","Well, I have actually heard alligators bellow and make a terrific noise.","Well, exactly, and that bellow is a closed-mouth sound. So when we think of our T.  rex, we don't need to imagine just simple cooing. But there are a variety of generally low frequency sounds that are produced in this way.","Do you think there are other things about dinosaurs that we've gotten wrong for a long time?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The literal meaning of this turn is that the speaker has heard alligators bellow and make a great noise. However, the implied meaning is that the speaker is surprised to know that alligators produce sound with a closed mouth. ","questions":"Which type of sound do some birds produce with a closed mouth?","answer":"Low"}
{"text":["You mean somebody rational?","Yeah, someone he could work with.","Yeah.","That would be very good."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is hinting that the situation is difficult or complex.","questions":"How does turn 2 imply the situation?","answer":"Difficult"}
{"text":["Thank you.","You introduced your own proposal based on an idea that you've called unilateral disarmament. Can you explain that?And I'm assuming it doesn't have anything to do with guns.","No, absolutely not. Democrats have used the term unilateral disarmament when it comes to redistricting a number of times. It seems more often than not that it's Democrats taking the mantle of reform and Republicans not following suit. And so I have proposed a bill - and I will be proposing it again this year - for a two-state compact between us and Virginia.","Maryland does have some issues with redistricting that we do need to solve, and we do want to put it to a truly independent commission to be able to draw those lines. But Virginia has the same problems in the opposite direction. And I think if you look across the map, I think there are more states that have a Republican redistricting problem than a Democratic one. And so my bill, in addition to creating an independent commission, also requires that before we implement, Virginia does, as well.","So basically, everyone has to drop their arms at the same time. I want to get to the crux of the matter, though. Let's talk about Maryland. Democrats have a huge advantage in the state, and they hold seven of the state's eight seats in Congress. Is that good for the people of your state?Can it really show their will?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Democrats are usually in favor of reform while Republicans are not.","questions":"What do Democrats usually support in comparison to Republicans?","answer":"Redistricting"}
{"text":["Yeah. Well, I learned quite a bit. And the year that I worked at the maximum security federal penitentiary in Atlanta, one of my primary responsibilities was to administer an assessment called it the psychopathy checklist. And psychopathy is a clinical diagnosis for someone who has a natural criminal disposition, someone who receives gratification out of a variety of criminal and risky lifestyle behaviors. And my dissertation was looking at the psychometric properties - when I say psychometric properties, I mean whether or not this test is a fit test, if it's appropriate to use, if it gets the kind of information that we need it to get for a certain populations. And I did an assessment of this instrument on African-American male inmates.","And what prompted me to do that particular study was because the instrument that we were using, the Hare Psychopathy Checklist, was originally normed on a Canadian inmate population that had very few African-Americans in it. I guess no African-American as we think of them in the United States, and maybe some Afro-Canadians. And so - but it's widely use in the criminal justice system here in the United States. And so the risk with that, if you're giving assessment to African-Americans, but the norm reference is white Americans, then there are certain risks involve with that.","So you think that there can be a question of whether or not even how we think about these criminal justice issues is reflective of racial differences. But the whole idea of racial differences on any level has been one of the biggest bonfires of world culture, you know.","Right."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The Hare Psychopathy Checklist might not be accurate for African-Americans","questions":"What was the primary responsibility of \"A\" when they worked at the maximum security federal penitentiary in Atlanta?","answer":"Administrating"}
{"text":["And when we went to the break, you were saying that one of the advantages of storing it in DNA is once you make it, it will last a very long time.","That's right, and you gave the example in your introduction that - one of the examples that we like to use, it's quite well-known, you know, there's been these Neanderthal samples found, and they can get DNA out of there and read the DNA in technical - we call it we sequence the DNA. And those samples from Neanderthals, or another great example is wooly mammoth, they get samples routinely from 10,000- or 20,000- or 50,000-year-old mammoths.","And that's not even a carefully controlled sample. That's just, you know, a mammoth that laid down and died somewhere cold.","I'm sorry for the mammoth. So - but if you took your DNA, you would store it in a controlled environment somewhere, or does it not need that?If the mammoth is lying in the ice. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"I'm sorry for the mammoth\" is a joke. The mammoth in question died a long time ago. 'B' isn't actually sad for the creature.","questions":"Which animal's death is being joked about in the dialogue?","answer":"Mammoth"}
{"text":["You know, in the post-Katrina era, Scott, the assumption has been that when a hurricane comes, you focus on that and set other things aside. So it was jarring when the president went ahead with his summit with Kanye West. And as you say, it was a major full-media presence in the Oval Office.","But the president's theme all week has been to keep the focus on the president. He's had a flurry of news availabilities - way more than usual. In fact, in the last month, he's had more than in all the time previously in his presidency - very flashy events, campaign rallies around the country, night after night.","And that happens just as the cable operations - television, news - has - well, they've begun to lose interest in some of those rallies. They're not covering them from beginning to end anymore, sometimes not covering them all - at all, perhaps because they do seem to be news-free campaign events, and maybe because they've become so frequent.","Does this week's sudden stock sell-off raise questions about what had seemed to be so much good news about the economy, including that historically low unemployment rate?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The President has been using flashy events and rallies to maintain the spotlight on himself and his presidency","questions":"What has the President been using to keep the focus on himself and his presidency?","answer":"Events"}
{"text":["And what do you serve?I said $5 bowls of cereal, but expand on that menu if you could.","We sell 120 different cereals from all over the world. So we import cereals from America, from New Zealand, from Australia, from France, from Israel. We import cereals from all over the world, so it's a real experience coming in here because the walls are just littered with cereal memorabilia, toys that you used to get in the boxes. It's a real experience.","Now, I don't for a moment expect you to identify with the people who attacked your store. But can you - can you see where fancy bowls of cereal would kind of fit into their agenda about the world, their neighborhood changing right before their eyes?","I can see their point, but there's also a Versace shop that has just opened up around the corner. They're complaining that people in the area can't afford to come here and afford four pounds for a meal. But there's a Versace shop open around the corner and I think it's - very, very few percent of people in this neighborhood would even be able to walk in there and buy anything. I know I couldn't."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The cost of the store's offerings is out of reach for most of the people in the neighborhood, while the Versace shop does not offer any affordable items.","questions":"How is the affordability of the Versace shop compared to the store's offerings?","answer":"Unaffordable"}
{"text":["There is no good precedent for thinking that these peace talks will work well for exactly the reason that you have said. The Syrian regime and its allies should - have at no point countenanced the idea that Bashar al-Assad will step down. And then the opposition negotiating committee reiterated in London this week that they foresee a six-month transitional period at the end of which Assad is no longer the president of Syria. So that's a pretty big sticking point.","And starts on Monday?","Starts on Monday at sundown, which is also the beginning of the Muslim Eid festival, yes.","Alice Fordham in Beirut. Thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : expression of surprise, as the speaker is asking if the peace talks are starting on Monday despite the big sticking point.","questions":"Which day of the week are the peace talks starting?","answer":"Monday"}
{"text":["And we simply took surgical samples of the sinus lining from patients with chronic sinusitis and healthy individuals who didn't have sinus disease but were in for surgery for different indications. And we simply compared those samples and asked the question, what's different between patients with chronic sinusitis and healthy individuals?And we show that the sinusitis patients had this incredible collapse of the microbial community in their sinus cavity.","And they were characterized by having kind of an outgrowth or an enrichment of this one bacterium called corynebacterium tuberculostearicum - it's quite a mouthful - and we know very little about it. And as it turns out, this organism typically lives on the skin and really doesn't do anything harmful there. But in the context of a loss of the microbial diversity and this organism there in very high numbers, this is what characterized the patients.","So we moved on to look at this in mice and to really see if something that we consider to be not very harmful in one context could, under this depletion of the microbiome, cause hallmarks of disease. And that's indeed what we found in our murine studies, in our mouse studies.","So if you had a healthy population to offset the bad bacteria, that kept you feeling better and not. . ."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum is not harmful on the skin but is harmful in the sinus cavity with loss of microbial diversity","questions":"What bacterium causes harm in the sinus cavity due to loss of microbial diversity?","answer":"Corynebacterium"}
{"text":["Colin Powell - not one black candidate on the ticket, but two. That would be remarkable.","Well, let's also remember Colin Powell is a Republican. He would establish a kind of bipartisan bridge. And if you want to say, yes, it's a ticket of two African-Americans, which it would be, it is already a ticket of one African-American. So people who have perhaps a problem with that might not necessarily have that much more of a problem with two.","And I think that the advantage that it would have would be to say, we're kind of, in a sense, taking race off the table here. We're not talking about electing the first black president. We're asking you to vote for Barack Obama and Colin Powell and look at those two individuals.","It's a really interesting suggestion, I would imagine that a number of Democrats would say, wait a minute, he was on the wrong side on Iraq. Plus, we've got our own guys. We want a Democrat, a real Democrat. Who's out there?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Framing the ticket as Barack Obama and Colin Powell instead of the first black president could take race off the table.","questions":"What advantage could framing the ticket as Barack Obama and Colin Powell instead of the first black president have?","answer":"Advantage"}
{"text":["So is presentation, how you present the food, influence how it's tasting, you know?Does the fact that it's presented in - on a tray in an airplane at 40,000 feet mean it's going to taste different, or your expectations might be different?","Absolutely. Presentation is very important. And you bring up an interesting point about eating at 30,000 feet. The - as we all know, if we're lucky enough to get served a meal in an airplane. . .",". . . food just doesn't seem to taste right on an airplane.","Right."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The turn whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning is turn (3).  In turn (3), the speaker says \"food just doesn't seem to taste right on an airplane.\" The literal meaning of this statement is that the food does not taste good when eaten on an airplane. ","questions":"Which turn includes a statement about the taste of food on an airplane?","answer":"Turn2"}
{"text":["It says, he that copieth this letter shall be blessed of me. He that does not shall be cursed, etc. , etc.","Oh, my gosh. Gotcha. And people believe this?Or enough people?","Many people believed it because they needed to or they wished to because the gaps in history - we have nothing from Christ's life that survives directly, physically from that moment. And so people wanted to fill in gaps - desperately to fill in gaps so that they could feel closer to the concept of a Jesus that was like them.","Well, show us something else."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B is suggesting that A should provide evidence other than the letter to prove its authenticity.","questions":"How is PersonB responding to PersonA's explanation?","answer":"Belief"}
{"text":["Several of them. I mean, Espanola had only 14 individuals left in the 1960s, and then it was 12 females and two males. A third male was found in the San Diego Zoo and brought back to Galapagos (unintelligible) 1975. And there have now been about 2,000 young tortoises released back to that island through the reproduction program at the tortoise center here on Santa Cruz.","The same holds true for several of the other populations. I would say many of the populations are out of danger. But we're still, given the exploitation from the 1800s, the total tortoise population of Galapagos is still about 10 to 20 percent of the original population. So we have a long way to go to bring them back to the original populations.","A couple of questions tweeted and asked by listeners of the same ilk, saying: Would it be possible to clone him?","OK, this is an interesting thing, and we are trying to save some of Lonesome George's tissues, cells. Cloning in reptiles has really not been developed at all, and we're doing - a few mammals seem to be doing OK, but in general the technology, the methodology to actually clone reptiles is decades away.","So hopefully they will be able to maintain cells as in cryogenics, and who knows in the future, but at the moment, it would be impossible."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"released back to that island through the reproduction program\" - This implies that young tortoises were bred in captivity and then reintroduced to the wild on the island of Espanola to increase the population, rather than just physically released.","questions":"Which island did the reproduction program release young tortoises back to?","answer":"Espanola"}
{"text":["Are there any good reasons to use this?","There is a separate group here working on storing data in DNA. It turns out that DNA is really robust for long-term storage, whereas, you know, hard drives may die after a few years. You can conceivably store data in DNA for hundreds or thousands of years. And as long as life continues to be based on DNA, we'll always have a reason to read and write DNA. So it's sort of a technology that won't go obsolete.","So, I mean, we underscored the aspect of some kind of mischief or outright miscreants. But I wonder, you know, a few years from now, instead of having hard drives or storage systems, will people just carry around that information in themselves, in their DNA?","I'm not sure that people will carry around that information within them. But I do believe people will start using DNA for sort of long-term storage. So accessing data from DNA and putting data into DNA is a pretty slow process. And so you'll want to, you know, archive photos in there and things like that. But you won't want to use it for your day-to-day tasks, at least not for the foreseeable future."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : ) Implied meaning: DNA is a reliable storage option for long-term archiving of data","questions":"How can DNPersonA be used for data storage?","answer":"Archiving"}
{"text":["And there were a lot of things we did with George, always trying to recover the Pinta population of tortoises.","But nothing worked out, huh?","Nothing worked out. George was never very interested in any other tortoises. He was pretty much of a loner. And if you think about his life on Pinta, he spent probably the first half of his life alone on that island, and maybe by the time he'd gotten company with other tortoises, he just wasn't too into socializing much anymore.","Now, what made him unique genetically?Why is he the last of his kind?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"Why is he the last of his kind?\" - The literal meaning of this question is asking for the reason behind George being the last of his species. The actual meaning is more complex, as the speaker is likely asking for an explanation of the genetic factors that led to the extinction of the Pinta tortoise population and George's unique genetic makeup.","questions":"Which question was asked by PersonB about George's genetic makeup?","answer":"Unique"}
{"text":["And the damage that has been done and that has been wrought does not appear to be facing any kind of true reconciliation or any kind of true reckoning. There's a lack of justice. There's a lack of accountability. And there's the presence of an incredible amount of impunity.","Well, take me into Syria. What are people feeling there now after these eight long years?","You know, it really depends on where you're situated and how you're situated. And a lot of Syrians are now outside of Syria. I, myself, haven't been back since 2013.","I think people right now are in a place of absolute exhaustion, whether they're, you know, see themselves as amongst the victors or not. It took an incredible toll. And the death and the destruction, as you've noted, is incredible."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The damage itself can not face anything. The cause of the damage, the person or people are what is meant here.","questions":"Which noun can not face anything in turn 0?","answer":"Damage"}
{"text":["What happens if you and all of your neighbors don't get your corn into the field?Like I say, as you've told me now, you've got like only about a fraction in the ground if what you normally would have at this time of year. Are we going to - forgive me for being selfish about it - are we not going to have corn this summer to go with our barbecues and everything else or what?What's going to happen?","The corn the majority of the Midwest grows goes toward feeding pigs, feeding cows, feeding a lot of different livestock, also goes toward corn oil and ethanol and various products that are on our store shelves. Long story short, we're looking at lower supply, which should increase the price if the demand stays the same.","But before we let you go, I mentioned that you're a fourth-generation farmer. And I presume that you've talked to your parents about the rain situation, the heavy rains. Have they ever seen anything like this before?","No. This is relatively unprecedented. I was talking to a neighbor here the other day about the drought in 2012. And, you know, we had a really short crop in 2012 because it got so hot and so dry. The corn crop didn't amount to anything, but at least we were able to get it in the ground. When you go out into a situation like this where we can't get the seed into the ground, it's worse than a drought for the fact that, you know, you don't even have a chance."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The shortage of corn may lead to a price increase in the market.","questions":"What is one of the main uses of the corn grown in the Midwest?","answer":"Livestock"}
{"text":["One last, I think, pretty blunt question we've got in 40 seconds left - why is President Trump more critical of Alec Baldwin than he is of Vladimir Putin on this week when Putin shows an animated video of Russian missiles smacking Florida?","I, you know - I think if you look at the President Trump style with ISIS as an example - he doesn't like to tip his hand. He was critical of the last administration by declaring departure dates, and so forth and things going on in the Middle East. And I think he's been tougher on Russia and Vladimir Putin than any other administration, at least the last two.","Really?","And so I would say, stay tuned to that. He's pretty predictable in that way."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : President Trump is more critical of Alec Baldwin than Vladimir Putin despite Putin's provocative action.","questions":"What was the topic of the discussion at turn 1?","answer":"ISIS"}
{"text":["Good to be here, David.","So let's return briefly to that last decision of the court on the Affordable Care Act. It was controversial, to say the least. Public opinion surveys after that decision showed how, you know - I mean, I guess it raises the question: How can the court convince the public that it really is impartial, since that case seemed to really bring it into the field of politics in so many ways?","Well, look at the John Roberts opinion. The chief justice was the deciding vote. He's a conservative guy, a Republican appointee. And in the end, he wasn't willing to strike down the entire Affordable Care Act. I think Roberts' view was, what he has said all along, was that it's my job. If there's a constitutional basis to uphold a law passed by Congress, I should do it.","He didn't think this was - could be justified as a regulation of commerce, because that would be requiring people to buy a product. But he also thought, gee, the government has very broad power to use its taxing power. And so he accepted the sort of fallback argument, which is that it could be upheld as a tax."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The conservative Chief Justice John Roberts upheld the Affordable Care Act despite his political affiliations.","questions":"How did the Chief Justice vote on the Affordable Care Act?","answer":"Uphold"}
{"text":["Well, one way is that the schemes at issue here were really sprawling. This was not just one man doing something criminally inappropriate but rather pervasive, longstanding, industry-wide conspiracy, for lack of a better word, to promote these products.","And, you know, there may be a false sense of vengeance or accountability in pinning it on one individual and essentially letting others go free who were the ones that carried out this scheme. You could argue that the deterrent effect of legal action would be greater with a massive financial penalty that would really send a message to all other executives at all levels of a corporation that this could be their economic downfall.","Did we see that with the $500 million judgment in Oklahoma?Is that a big enough penalty to be a deterrent, or is it just the cost of doing business for Johnson and Johnson?","I think for a company on the scale of Johnson and Johnson, $570 million is not a lot of money. And we saw that in Wall Street's reaction to the verdict. To them, it was good news. This was probably the first time that having to pay $572 million was considered good news."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : pinning it on someone refers to someone else having to take the consequences for something","questions":"How did Wall Street react to the verdict?","answer":"Good"}
{"text":["Oh, yes. On Friday morning, I was involved in a lockout drill at one of my high schools as I was sitting in a counseling office, talking with a student.","And I guess as a parent, I have learned to be grateful that these drills are held. But I wonder if there are some students who aren't panicked by the drills in and of themselves.","It can be a very scary experience. It's a reality now that our students in our schools are preparing for. So when we do a drill, we don't tell our students they are drills because we need them to take everything seriously. And we want to normalize and help them feel calm during those things. And I've also wondered, what is the impact of doing these drills for our students?","Well, you're a gifted counselor. What do you think it might be?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"What do you think it might be?\" - The literal meaning of this question is asking for the speaker's opinion. However, the implied meaning is that the speaker is acknowledging the other person's expertise and asking for their professional assessment of the situation.","questions":"Which question implies that the speaker is acknowledging the other person's expertise and asking for their professional assessment of the situation?","answer":"Turn2"}
{"text":["No, wow.","Well, all right. So, let's get to your best political conversation of the week.","You know, it's about John McCain. Everybody in town just watched as McCain came back, and it was very low key. And not only was it at low key; there was a sense of, you know, sadness about it. There he was; suddenly Joe Lieberman's over arguing with the Democrats and trying to get back in with the Democrats and retain his position, in terms of a leader on the Democratic side, no longer hanging around with John McCain. The right wing of the Republican Party never wanted much to do with John McCain, and so they're not rallying to him; they're not offering him any leadership position. So, John McCain is kind of out there on his own, and everybody is saying, you know, what's to come of John McCain?And the answer is, you know, John McCain will try to be his own man, but the fact is he's a man really without a country in the U. S.  Senate at this moment.","NPR news analyst Juan Williams, always a pleasure."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : B is surprised or impressed by what A just said","questions":"What was the topic of PersonA's best political conversation of the week?","answer":"McCain"}
{"text":["Now lots of lawyers were lining up to lead the Justice Department. So why did the White House decide to go with Lynch?","First of all, she has a reputation for working well with others. She's very understated and under the radar. Another important factor for the White House I hear from sources is that she's diverse and historic. She'd be the first black woman on the job. She descends from a long line of Baptist preachers in the south. And she has a rich, rich voice and an ability to speak and communicate a message. She's also, Linda, quite noncontroversial.","So about that. What is the reaction from Republicans in the Senate?Can she be confirmed?It's kind of late in the term.","It is kind of late in the term. She's going to have a year and a half or two years to make her mark. Iowa Senator Chuck Grassley, a Republican who's in line to lead the Judiciary Committee next year, says Lynch is going to get a thorough vetting. And he's going to make sure that happens. Lindsey Graham of South Carolina, another Republican, sounded relatively positive, too, about this election. And finally, Linda, Mitch McConnell, who's going to run the Senate as majority leader starting in January, said he is willing to consider her nomination. He wants it to happen in 2015 instead of during this lame-duck session."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A: \"He's going to make sure that happens.\" - The literal meaning is that Senator Chuck Grassley will ensure a thorough vetting of Lynch's nomination. The actual meaning is that Grassley may put obstacles in the way of Lynch's confirmation.","questions":"How may Grassley affect Lynch's confirmation?","answer":"Obstacles"}
{"text":["That's a great question. Things are definitely improving in the eurozone. It is unfortunately too early to say that they're out of the woods or even completely out of their recession.","I gather that most of the growth appears to be centered in Germany and to a lesser degree France. And is this then just a case of work with the best economies to begin with getting a little bit better?","Well, Germany has been the better of the European economies, since they're getting a little bit better. France has struggled. Portugal had some good numbers last quarter. That's encouraging. But you're right, we are still deeply worried about other places, such as Italy, Spain and, of course, Greece.","Well, that brings up the question because unemployment still continues to be perniciously high in Spain and Greece. Does this improvement somehow filter through to them?","Well, it certainly will - should if it continues, but you need faster growth rates than this. The hope is that this is the beginning of a faster recovery. But the way the European economy is, roughly speaking, you need more than 1 percent per year annualized growth rate in order to reduce unemployment. Unemployment's very high. We want to be seeing on an annualized basis 2 percent, perhaps even 3 percent in this recovery phase in order to feel that they've really turned the corner.","You need greater growth to be able to spur greater hiring and to lower the unemployment."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The current improvement in the eurozone is not enough to solve its problems, and more growth is needed to reduce unemployment.","questions":"What is the main issue with the current improvement in the eurozone?","answer":"Growth"}
{"text":["Thank you. Thank you for saying snot-like. Not a - I don't believe we've had that phrase on our show before. So what is there. . .","It's a first.","What is there about this delightful mucus of the tongue?","Well, we spent a few years studying the frog tongue."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  (2) A: It's a first. - Implied meaning: This phrase is new and has not been used before.","questions":"What did PersonA say about the phrase \"snot-like\"?","answer":"first"}
{"text":["Well, we had some great conversations about what it took to play the position. And you know, Bob Watson, who started out as a catcher, was one of the committee members. Phil Niekro, Bert Blyleven and Don Sutton, Pat Gillick, all pitchers, all Hall Famers, were really able to add a lot of insight to what it must have been like.","And the other - one of the main things we talked about was just how they played much shorter schedules in the 1870s. So when you look at career statistics, that's a huge distortion. Deacon White ended up with 2,000 career hits, but he was playing in a - in an average of 40, 50, 60-game schedules a year. So there was no way to generate the kind of career milestones that we look at as benchmarks today. You know, 3,000 hits would be all but impossible. And 2,000 was a terrific accomplishment.","And the number of errors he recorded even as a great defensive catcher would have been, you know, totally unacceptable by today's standards.","Oh, exactly. Yeah. And again, an issue where we had to really sort of look at what - compare him to people from his own era. And when we did that, you know, it became really obvious just how much he stood above his contemporaries.","Are the records from those days good enough that you have reliable accounts of who was good and who was great?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Bob Watson's transition from catcher to committee member added unique insight to the position.","questions":"How did Bob Watson contribute to the conversation about playing the position?","answer":"Insight"}
{"text":["Well, it's very worrying. We've got nearly 1,900 people infected, 1,200 people dead, and over the last several weeks, the rate of new infections has jumped dramatically. We're seeing more than 100 new cases every week. And that's because there is a lot of violence, gunmen storming Ebola treatment centers assassinating health workers. And there's this suggestion that a lot of the violence is actually coordinated, that Ebola is being used as a political weapon. And that's what's led to this really quite remarkable U. N.  decision.","You said remarkable. What's the significance of this decision?","Well, until now, the outbreak response on the international side has really been led by health officials, the World Health Organization. But the U. N.  does have a large peacekeeping force in Congo. And the deputy head of that, his name is David Gressly, that is who they've appointed to this new position that they've created. In other words, it's a recognition that they have to treat this as much as a political problem as a health problem.","This is a place where you have a lot of political players who've been jockeying for position against each other and against factions of the national government. And it seems like a lot of them have connections to these small armed groups all through the area that are said to be behind a lot of these attacks on Ebola responders. Basically, it's a way to destabilize the area as a way to gain power against your rivals."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"it's a recognition that they have to treat this as much as a political problem as a health problem\" - The actual meaning is different from the literal meaning. The intended meaning is that the situation is not just a health issue, but also a political issue that requires attention and action, rather than literally recognizing something.","questions":"How should the U.N. treat the Ebola outbreak in Congo?","answer":"Action"}
{"text":["Absolutely. I played hockey starting when I was 3, 4 years old, loved to go see the Canucks here in my hometown and, you know, certainly not only saw a lot of fights but kind of internalized the message that they were inherently good and valuable to the game of hockey.","And what happened that changed your view of the fighting?","So I went to a junior hockey game here in Vancouver. And it was just a regular night out with the boys, Friday night, drinking some beers, sat down in my seventh row seat. And it was one of those games where the gloves beat the puck to the ice. So there's a fight before the game even starts. And the crowd rises up around me. There's this guttural thunder. You hear it. And usually I would have been right there kind of cheering it along or not really paying it much mind.","But for some reason in that moment, I really zoned in on the two players' faces, and in that moment realized they're just children, and had to ask myself in that moment, what are we doing?We're 10,000 adults in a big room cheering for two kids to pulverize each other's faces. And I looked at the program, indeed - 16 and 17 years old. I've never been able to look at fighting the same since. But it would be a lie to say that there aren't a lot of people who are hockey fans who sincerely love this practice and this tradition."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The person believed that fighting was good and valuable for hockey and normal.","questions":"How did the person initially view fighting in hockey?","answer":"super"}
{"text":["We submitted this proposal yesterday to President-elect Obama, his transition team, and congressional leaders. As you may know, right now, they are working on trying to develop an economic stimulus plan that they're hoping to enact early in 2009. We are suggesting that this be part of that plan.","The National Retail Federation's leadership thinks that we need a two-pronged approach for fiscal stimulus. We think that you need something to provide some long-term economic stimulus, such as investment in infrastructure, which is being suggested. But that type of stimulus has a long lead time.","We think that you also need something that's developed to provide some short-term economic stimulus. As you may know, consumer spending accounts for 70 percent of the GDP. So we think that if, through these sales tax holidays, we can do something to spur consumer spending, that that will get re-circulated through the economy and will have a positive effect in 2009.","There are some states out there, for example Oregon and Maine, which currently don't have sales taxes throughout the year. Is there anything that you can potentially learn from states that have been doing this for a while?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : long lead time means it takes awhile for something to happen","questions":"Which term describes the process of waiting for something to occur?","answer":"Waiting"}
{"text":["One last, I think, pretty blunt question we've got in 40 seconds left - why is President Trump more critical of Alec Baldwin than he is of Vladimir Putin on this week when Putin shows an animated video of Russian missiles smacking Florida?","I, you know - I think if you look at the President Trump style with ISIS as an example - he doesn't like to tip his hand. He was critical of the last administration by declaring departure dates, and so forth and things going on in the Middle East. And I think he's been tougher on Russia and Vladimir Putin than any other administration, at least the last two.","Really?","And so I would say, stay tuned to that. He's pretty predictable in that way."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : This means that Russian missiles were aimed at Florida but they did not literally 'smack' there. ","questions":"Which state was mentioned in the animated video shown by Vladimir Putin?","answer":"Florida"}
{"text":["They all talk about the shape of the recession. The conventional wisdom for a while was that we'd have a V-shape recession, which means a downturn and then a bounce back up, just like the letter V.  But I think most of them agree that we're going to get something more like a U-shaped recession and recovery, which means that it could be sort of a long period of no growth before we start to go up again.","There's a term people use, emerging markets - countries, small countries that one would have hoped for in terms of influencing the global economy. What do you think about that - about those countries?","Well, you know, the hope for a while was that the emerging economies would pick up the slack if U. S.  growth slowed down. So I'm talking about countries like Brazil, India, China, Russia. And the theory for a while was that these countries had become decoupled from the U. S.  economy, that they had their own momentum in terms of economic growth. But now I think people are realizing that the decoupling was something of a myth.","Blake Hounshell is the Web editor of Foreign Policy Magazine. Thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The recession will not have a quick recovery","questions":"What was the conventional wisdom for the shape of the recession?","answer":"Treasury"}
{"text":["Well, approved solar filters are what you really need. The cheapest and I think probably the best way is to go with these welder's glasses. They're called number 14 welder's glasses. They're a very dark shade. You go into a welding store, and you say you want number 14, they know what you're doing. They always look at me and they say, oh, you're going to look at the sun?I say yeah, that's what I'm going to do.","And so you want to get those glasses. They usually cost about five, six bucks or so. And then you can put those up to your face and look right at the sun all you want. Then you can also get filters for your telescopes, binoculars, that type of thing. But really, we recommend making this into a social situation.","As astronomers, we always like company, and we recommend people to join or find any astronomical groups that are in their area, because there are astronomy clubs all over the country, and they love to share their expertise, and on these days of the eclipse on the 20th and the Transit on the 5th, join up with one of them because it's a lot of fun having a sun party.","Wow, and you can find these - you can find more information on your website, or. . ."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker suggests that in addition to getting solar filters, people should make viewing the eclipse or transit into a social event by joining an astronomy group or having a \"sun party\" with friends.","questions":"How can people make viewing the eclipse or transit into a social event?","answer":"Social"}
{"text":["In the 15 seconds we have left, if there's an agreement of some kind this weekend, does the debate just begin all over again in a couple of weeks over the debt ceiling?","Absolutely. We are sort of going through one crisis at a time right now.","Ramesh Ponnuru is senior editor for the National Review and a columnist for Bloomberg View. Thank so much for being with us, sir.","You're welcome."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2).  While the literal meaning of A's response is simply agreement with B's statement, the implied meaning is that there are multiple crises happening simultaneously, and therefore the country is not able to focus on one issue before another arises. This suggests a sense of overwhelm or difficulty in managing the situation.","questions":"What is the sense conveyed by PersonA's response in turn 1?","answer":"Sense"}
{"text":["Well, just along those lines, we read reports that temperatures in the contiguous 48 states have been above average in each of the last 15 months, which has never happened for as long as people have been keeping records, and that 2012 is on track to be the warmest year ever. As we read about this record Arctic ice melt, is this a coincidence?","Well, it's all part and parcel of the same thing, but I will say that January through August of this year has been the warmest period - January through August period since 1895 when they started taking temperature records. That's in the contiguous lower 48. Alaska has actually had a fairly average year, so everything doesn't march in lockstep. But again, the situation with the ice and the Arctic is this has been accumulating over decades of warming up there, and we're finally seeing the results of that.","So this one summer was not at all a key up there. In fact, what was interesting to one of the scientists I talked to, he said, basically, you know, what was astounding about this was that there was no astounding weather pattern up there that explained this dramatic difference. It was just kind of reaching this point of where the ice was just so thin that it was just ready to crumble.","Ice is white. It reflects light. The sea is blue. It does not reflect light. It absorbs it, and thereby, the heat that comes with it."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : There was no extraordinary weather pattern to explain the dramatic ice melting in the Arctic, it was caused by the ice being too thin.","questions":"Which factor led to the dramatic ice melting in the Arctic?","answer":"Thin"}
{"text":["Let me ask you about what are called battleground states in this coming election. I'll rattle off Florida, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Is there early voting there?Will people take advantage of it?","Absolutely. Florida - it'll be - approximately 40 percent of the ballots will come in early, perhaps a higher number. Half of those will come in early in person. Ohio also has a lot of early voting. Pennsylvania - no. Pennsylvania still only allows for excuse-required absentee balloting. So in Pennsylvania, they still wait until Election Day.","And, Scott, this is going to change the dynamics in those states so that you will expect to see early rallies timed when the early voting period opens up, likely in Florida, Ohio, North Carolina. The candidates' travel schedule will reflect this because they want to follow up that kind of enthusiasm and get people to the polls right away.","And are more people voting early now not because they have to but because they just want to?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In (4), the speaker is implying that more people are choosing to vote early, not because they have to, but because they want to.","questions":"Which question does PersonB ask in turn 3 regarding early voting?","answer":"Just"}
{"text":["As for the money that AIG does borrow from the government, the interest rate will be lower. The interest rate the government charged before was very high, and the reason it did this was political. The government knew that taxpayers wouldn't like lending AIG money. So, they wanted to take - make some of the terms of the loan pretty harsh so no one could come back and say, you know, this was some kind of sweetheart deal. Well, now the rate is going to be much more manageable. The company will have more time to pay it off.","Now, in exchange for this, AIG will have to agree to restrictions on financial compensation for five top executives. AIG, as you may remember, got into a lot of trouble because it sent some agents on expensive treatments to spas in California right after receiving the bailout. So, this compensation is kind of a sensitive issue for the company.","And what about taxpayers?Can we expect to get any of that money back from AIG at some point?","Well, as I said, you know, the government is going to be buying $40 billion in AIG stock. The money will come from the big, $700 billion bailout plan that Congress approved in September. You know, some of that, taxpayers presumably will get back if stock goes up. You know, but nobody really knows."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The government purposely made the loan terms harsh for AIG to avoid accusations of a sweetheart deal.","questions":"Which company had agents sent to expensive treatments in California after receiving the bailout?","answer":"AIG"}
{"text":["Hello.","What happened to you this morning?What happened in Kathmandu?","Well, we were on a staff retreat with our editors and reporters up on a mountaintop overlooking Kathmandu Valley. And it felt as if I was propelled two meters up into the air. It was just such a heavy jolt. And when we looked down at the city, it looked like it had been completely destroyed because there was a ball of dust covering the entire valley in which Kathmandu is situated. And we thought the whole city had been destroyed. But as we got down back into the city through the roads, it looked like it wasn't as bad as we initially feared. Many of the residential buildings were damaged, but seem to be intact. On the other hand, the monuments of the world heritage sites in Kathmandu - Bhaktapur and Patan - many of them have been completely destroyed.","Mr.  Dixit, have you been able to get a handle on how extensive the damage is in Nepal and for that matter the region 'cause there are reports that India's also been affected."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : ) B: \"What happened to you this morning? What happened in Kathmandu?\" This is a common greeting or small talk used to start a conversation. The speaker is not actually asking about a specific event that happened to the person in Kathmandu this morning.","questions":"Which city was covered with a ball of dust?","answer":"Kathmandu"}
{"text":["He had time to rethink the music of his youth after an injury forced him to lay off the piano for months. Music triggers memories. And when the 36-year-old sat at our piano, the music triggered his.","I still remember my first teacher. Professor Zhu told me, you know, now you'll learn those pieces. But every 20 years, you got to come back and to rediscover what can you do with it.","And I was like, that's crazy. Come on. I already know. I mean, I know those pieces by heart. I know how to play this piece. Why should I play it, you know, 30 years back?And now I realize - oh, my goodness - I mean, I have to because those pieces was kind of my best friends, and I need to know them better.","This piece by Mozart takes Lang Lang back to his first-ever piano recital. He started early. The recital in China came when he was 5."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"rediscover what can you do with it\" - this means to approach a piece of music with a fresh perspective or new understanding, rather than literally discovering something new.","questions":"How does Lang Lang approach the piece by Mozart?","answer":"With"}
{"text":["That's quite a big change. Now either at this point people just think the Master of the Universe have all crashed, but they haven't, they haven't yet.","And I'm sure they'll figure out a way to survive and thrive.","I'm not - I don't - I'm not asking for anybody - tears for them because nobody is going to - a lot of these people have already put away the necessary nut, they call it. That is an amount of money that you've salted away in weather proof investments, that will yield enough interest for you to live a very high life in a place like Greenwich. I would say though that today, that nut has to be at least $40 million. If interest rates on bonds sink low enough, you might need 50 million. But I think it wouldn't hurt to live a little more simply, you know.","Tom Wolfe, he's the author of \"Bonfire Of The Vanities\". Thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : THERE IS A BIG CHANGE THE PEOPLE HAVE ALREADY LOST THEIR MONEY","questions":"Which author did PersonB mention?","answer":"Tom"}
{"text":["I think it's really important to understand that this is literally part of our human condition, right?We're a pack species. We like other people to like us. We like them to know what we're doing. And we've been doing this for centuries, whether it was commissioning portraits, whether it was sending postcards from our trips, whether it was holding our neighbors hostage and making them watch 10,000 slides from our family vacation. This is part of who we are. It's just a matter of managing it effectively.","If this is an essential part of the human condition, are these fatalities just going to keep happening?","I think so. I think so. There are some measures in place to kind of help with those people who are accidentally finding themselves in the situation of taking risky selfies. I think the more difficult question to ask is, what do we do with those people who are deliberately trying to find that high-risk selfie moment?","I mentioned the U. S.  Forest Service warning against bear selfies and Yellowstone having this safe selfie pledge. What other steps are being taken to try to keep people safe?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The turn (3) \"those people who are accidentally finding themselves in the situation of taking risky selfies\" is an example of figurative language, as the phrase \"accidentally finding themselves\" implies a lack of agency or responsibility. In reality, individuals make a conscious decision to take risky selfies, and this phrase may be used to downplay their responsibility for their actions.","questions":"Which phrase in turn 2 implies a lack of agency or responsibility for taking risky selfies?","answer":"Accidentally"}
{"text":["Let me switch subjects. We are walking on the way to the studio here this morning and two big tour buses came down the street. You're - one of the reason this all worked is you're performing right next door.","Right across the parking lot.","And I wonder, I was talking to Priska Neely, our producer, and said, I wonder if that's Mary Chapin Carpenter. Two big buses touring, pulling equipment trailers behind. Where were you coming in from at 8 o'clock in the morning?","We spent the last two days driving from Arizona."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A is acknowledging B's contribution to the success of their plan.","questions":"How is PersonA showing appreciation towards PersonB in turn 0?","answer":"Acknowledging."}
{"text":["Yeah. In 1970, the big focus was on pollution. I mean, it was \"Silent Spring\" with - in 1962 that had triggered the evolution and formation of the modern environmental movement, and that was pollution-oriented. And, well, we've seen since then is a shift to focus on environmental support systems, like the natural systems, like the forests and grasslands and fisheries and so forth, and what's happening to them. And now, of course, climate change is on the issue, and water has become a major issue.","These were not on the agenda in 1970. At that time, it was largely a focus on pollution, and that was at the time when the Cuyahoga River in Cleveland caught fire because there was so much oil and other combustible material there. So it was pollution. Now, it's many things.","It was just a couple of months after that first Earth Day, Congress authorized the creation of the EPA, a federal agency that regulates environmental regulations. The EPA has, of course, become - gone from an agency created with great bipartisan support to one of the most partisan ideas in government.","Yeah. I think the - as I recall, the first head might have been Russell Train. . ."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : not a physical head, like a head from a body, but the  person in charge of something, the leader of something","questions":"How was the first head of the EPPersonA defined by \"A\"?","answer":"Leader"}
{"text":["I was wondering if we should do - or if such a thing exists, that human microbe projects, like the Human Genome Project.","Yes, there are a variety of types of human microbe projects at this point. So there are two gut projects right now that aim to characterize difference in gut microbes of people around the world. One of those in American Gut and is uBiome. And both of those projects, people can either donate or pay money to have their gut microbes sequenced.","And when they do, they can see what they have, and the scientists are going to see how that relates to what we know. And so in a way that's a beginning step. But what I think we kind of hope for is to have something akin to Mendelian genetics, where we can predict, you know, why you have a specific set of microbes and microbe genes. But we're very far from that still.","In the 30 seconds we have left, how can people get involved if they want their own microbes sampled and surveyed?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Understanding and predicting human microbe genetics is still a long way off.","questions":"Which step is considered as a beginning in understanding human microbe genetics?","answer":"Sequenced"}
{"text":["So when he came home, how was he different in how he treated you, related to you, related to family life?","He's totally different. For one, Michael is very quiet. And since he returned, he's even distant, and it's causing a lot of problems in our marriage. And it's just - this war have caused a lot of stress on the wives and the families, they have to deal with these soldiers when they return.","What do you try to do with or for Michael to help him adjust?","I try everything in the world, and it seem like it don't help. Because he have a wall built up, and for one, we don't have enough help here. We only have one clinic that we can go to for counseling and therapy. And it's like two-hour drive away from where we live, so that's a major problem, too."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"He has a wall built up\" - The actual meaning of this turn is different from its literal meaning. It implies that Michael has put up emotional barriers that prevent him from opening up or connecting with others, not that he has physically built a wall.","questions":"What is the reason for Michael's emotional distance?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["But banning food products from Western countries had an immediate effect. And - but there was also a lot of contraband. And so one of the measures against the contraband was incinerating food once it was exposed as contraband. And it - really it was a display of something that I think inspired terror in a lot of people in a country that has known famine and in a country where a lot of people have feared starvation in living memory.","Yeah. We certainly have our own struggles with bigotry in the U. S. But it's hard not to go through your book and not be staggered by the persistence in Russia of anti-Semitism and prejudice against gays. What role does this play?","You know, I actually wouldn't call it prejudice against gays because I think it conveys the sort of impression that it comes from the grassroots, that this is - that the Russian population is homophobic. Not that it isn't. But what we're really talking about is a concerted campaign by the Kremlin over the last five years to single out and target LGBTQI people as, you know, scapegoats in the country, as the chosen other.","Towards the end of your book, you use a phrase that chills me, where you say that in Russia today, quote, \"life is a foreign agent. \""],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In (3), \u201clife is a foreign agent\u201d does not mean that life is a foreign operative, but rather that life in Russia is heavily regulated and monitored by the government.","questions":"What does the phrase \"life is a foreign agent\" mean in (3)?","answer":"Regulated"}
{"text":["Well, the main thing is it's this stew of ingredients that really never quite come together right. We have people from all over the world who come here to visit and to party and it's a lot of them just to live or to get away from something. Then we have the fact that it's basically a swamp. I mean, I live in a swamp. Right now, we have an infestations of Burmese pythons, gigantic snakes, roaming around the Everglades, and it just never, ever calms down. down here.","You make it sound like it's a city that's been only nominally reclaimed from the wilds of swampland.","It hasn't been reclaimed. When I first moved here, the first day of my life as a homeowner in South Florida, I walked out onto my lawn to get the newspaper, and on my lawn were crabs. Like, not just a few but hundreds and hundreds of crabs, and they were not happy about me being there because it turns out it was crab mating season. And they were, like, waving their pinchers at me, like, angrily, like, I wanted to mate with their women. I didn't want their women. Their women are crabs, you know. But they didn't know that - or maybe they were bitter about that. I don't know. But I remember sprinting back into my house barefoot, afraid to go out and get the paper. I thought where I have I moved?I lived in Pennsylvania. We had crabgrass. But here we have crabs.","You really love Miami, don't you?You're from Pennsylvania, but you really love Miami."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : stew of ingredients implies that the people that live there come from varying backgrounds","questions":"What is the main thing that attracts people to visit and party in Miami?","answer":"Visit"}
{"text":["Yes, this is sort of an old issue that the court dealt with about 10 or 12 years ago and sort of settled on a - and that sort of seemed like a compromised position, which was to say you could have a buffer zone around the entrance to an abortion clinic, so patients and doctors could go in and out, but the protestors could stand on the sidewalk and hold signs or protest.","And now the court's going to revisit a Massachusetts law that does something like that, and my impression - my sense of it is is that the conservative justices think this is a little bit unfair to abortion protestors, that they should be able to walk up to somebody on the sidewalk and say here's a pamphlet, or you should reconsider your decision. They're going to allow, I think, a little more leeway for sidewalk protestors to speak to patients.","Another case that will be also closely watched, NLRB versus Noel Canning, and that's about the president's power to so-called recess appointments.","Yes, that's a big sort of a political - in a sense, Washington political story. It's a big deal for the Obama administration because the House Republicans have used their minority and the filibuster rule to block a vote on a lot of Obama nominees for agencies like the National Labor Relations Board and this Consumer Financial Protection Board."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The buffer zone is an area where people can go in and out without coming in to contact with protestors.","questions":"Which issue did the court settle on about 10 or 12 years ago?","answer":"Bufferzone"}
{"text":["Good to talk to you.","How important an event was this that Mr.  Kim missed?","It was a very important event. It's an event in a mausoleum where his father, previously ruler of North Korea is buried, interred, and so is his grandfather, the founding leader of North Korea. So it was a big deal. Kim Jong Un has not been seen since September 3, when he attended a concert in Pyongyang, the capital of North Korea, with his wife.","Before that, he'd been seen frequently, but always waddling with a really bad limp. He was clearly in discomfort, and finally the North Korean authorities said he is in physical discomfort. So there's something up. We don't quite know what. The speculation is he's had surgery, he's ill, ranging right through to there's been a coup, and he's lost power or certainly being shunted away from power. That's the speculation.","Now, we're talking about somebody who - as my recollection is - he's on television every two minutes. So this must be a tremendous vacuum in the lives of North Koreans."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  implies that Kim Jong Un's absence is unusual and concerning","questions":"What was the event held at the mausoleum?","answer":"Burial"}
{"text":["You do think it's a violation of the United Nations sanctions.","It does seem to me. The more we see, for example, the fighter aircraft, the MiG, it's clearly a violation.","What do you think is really going on here?Is there more to this than what we've seen?","There could be. You know, they're still searching the ship and all the containers. As you know, initially, the intelligence that the Panamanian government received was that the ship was carrying drugs. And so, if in fact, they continue searching and they find drugs in the ship, people will make an immediate connection that the Cubans were involved in illicit trafficking. And that could be a real game-changer, particular as it relates to relations to the United States and even relationships with the rest of Latin America."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be hinting at a desire or need for help or support from the listener.","questions":"What kind of connection may people make if drugs are found on the ship?","answer":"Illicit"}
{"text":["They can get federal aid. They can get the Pell Grant. In Illinois, they can get state aid, which is up to $5,000 year. And they can qualify for university aid. They can qualify for university scholarships for needy students.","What's been the reaction to your story so far?","There's been a lot of outrage. The thing is there's only a finite amount of money. It's not limitless. So that is true for federal aid, state aid and university aid. So money that is going to these families who would not otherwise be eligible for it means that that's money that is not going to a student who really needs it. In Illinois, for example, last year, there were 82,000 students who were eligible for the state grant who did not get it because the state ran out of money.","Have you heard from federal aid officials?Has anyone weighed in on this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : to weight in on something means to give an opinion on something","questions":"Which verb describes giving an opinion on something?","answer":"weigh"}
{"text":["Look, I think the president's actually been very clear about the things that he wants. He wants to address border security, he wants to deal with chain migration, and he wants to deal with the lottery. And he's certainly willing to provide legal status for DREAMers. So if those are your four principle points and they've been known for months, there ought to be a way to reach an agreement.","Border security means a wall?","It means border security. The president's acknowledged he's not talking about a wall from sea to shining sea. But it does require physical structures in a lot of places. Back in 2006, Congress actually voted for about twice the amount of physical barriers that we have today - so finishing that off, rebuilding parts of it. But again, as both General Kelly and the president acknowledged, we're not talking about a wall across the entire length of the border. But we are calling for much more intense border security.","Representative Tom Cole of Oklahoma, thanks for joining us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A: Look, I think the president's actually been very clear about the things that he wants... So if those are your four principle points and they've been known for months, there ought to be a way to reach an agreement.  Implication: A is suggesting that the four principle points that the president has mentioned are clear and have been discussed for months, and therefore there should be a way to reach an agreement based on them.","questions":"Which principle points does PersonA suggest have been known for months?","answer":"four"}
{"text":["Elections are indeed important, and that's why Joe Maguire - the top intelligence official in our government - has said that the greatest security threat facing our nation right now is ensuring the integrity of our elections and preventing foreign interference. For the president of the United States to ask the government of Ukraine and now the government of China to interfere in our elections by collecting dirt, opposition research on his political opponents is a violation, first, of the law but also of the very core of what our country stands for, what our democracy is built upon.","And - in half a minute we have left, what in your mind is the obligation of a professional diplomat when they are asked to do that?","When a diplomat encounters something that they believe is immoral or illegal, they need to call it out. That's why the whistleblower laws exist. There are procedures in place for people to object. And if they are not able to get further traction in that way, then they're obliged to resign.","Nancy McEldowney former U. S.  ambassador to Bulgaria and a longtime career diplomat, thanks so much for coming in to see us today.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : He asked the foreign governments to collectinformation about illegal and\/or immoral things that his opponents had done.","questions":"Which whistleblowing laws?","answer":"U.S."}
{"text":["I met up with Carlos Favela. He's a Border Patrol agent, and he spoke to me in his capacity as vice president of the local union. We talked just a few minutes after new numbers came out from the Department of Homeland Security. They showed a significant drop in border apprehensions in June.","And he said one reason for that is the Migrant Protection Protocols policy, which is often called remain in Mexico. He thinks that asylum seekers know that they may now have to stay in Mexico for months before their day in U. S.  courts. And so many of them are just not coming.","I guess it's a little bit a breath of fresh air for the agents out in the field. The MPP program that has been implemented - those agreements have also helped, actually, with the detention at the Border Patrol stations. So we're seeing less incursions but also less people being detained at the stations, which is a sign of relief because, you know, the Border Patrol doesn't have the resources to hold that many people.","There has been a lot of criticism levied at CBP. What is the biggest misconception about what you men and women do?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : a breath of fresh air implies a great relief and freedom ","questions":"What is the feeling of agents in the field due to the MPP program?","answer":"Relief"}
{"text":["Thanks for having me.","Let me begin with this. A Libyan general yesterday announced a military takeover that apparently wasn't. So, what happened?","Well, basically, it was a television-only coup. He came on television saying that government is no longer in power, that parliament is no longer in power and their troops have taken the buildings. But on the ground, people were drinking cappuccinos. There were no forces. There is no military to command. And so it became a sort of a source of laughter and derision among Libyans, looking at a country that doesn't even have a military and former military commanders trying to overthrow a government that barely functions.","And what does this tell us perhaps about the state of the Libyan government now and what drives society there?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning: B is asking for analysis or insights regarding the current state of the Libyan government and the factors that influence society. The implied meaning: B is seeking a deeper understanding of the implications and consequences of the television-only coup, possibly in relation to the stability and functioning of the government and the societal dynamics in Libya.","questions":"What is PersonB seeking to understand regarding the implications of the television-only coup in Libya?","answer":"Implications"}
{"text":["(Laughter) Yes, they. . .","That's my pirate.","That was very impressive. I was whisked back to the Caribbean. But we should honor pirates for being pioneers of workers' rights. They were surprisingly progressive in their employment policy. They elected the captains democratically. There was profit-sharing agreements.","And the pirates even had an early version of workers' comp. So some of the pirate booty would go into a common fund to repay the pirates who had lost limbs or eyes. So those peg legs and hooks, they were subsidized. And by the way, I was going to make an argh-bitration joke, but you beat me to it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Pirates were surprisingly progressive in their employment policy","questions":"Which type of agreements did pirates have?","answer":"Profit-sharing"}
{"text":["Oh, absolutely. I mean, you've been very lucky as a Cubs fan. You've always had Wrigley Field, which is an intimate stadium. And that's what these new stadiums are trying to recreate. Even Yankee Stadium, if you go on their website today, Scott, they actually tout the fact that home plate is 27 feet closer than in the old Yankee Stadium.","So they bring in the home plate. They bring in the sidelines. Everybody's much closer to the action, but they're also closer to the danger. And they haven't had a corresponding increase in the safety precautions up the lines.","Does the netting remove what can be a very exciting play in foul territory - the catcher, the third baseman, the first baseman, reaching over and snagging a pop foul?","You know, maybe there's some of that. I think there's some fear that players won't be able to make quite the plays that they were in the past. You know, we've lived with netting behind home plate. And those are the best seats in the house. And they're always filled. You don't hear catchers complaining too much about the netting behind them. The seats up the line are just as dangerous."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker is suggesting that even though there is netting behind home plate, players are still able to make exciting plays, and the netting does not impede them.","questions":"What is the PersonA's opinion on the effect of netting on players' ability to make exciting plays in foul territory?","answer":"Exciting"}
{"text":["My pleasure.","Could you just tell us what the weather is like right now?","Well, currently, it's been blue day. I mean, we've had some bands of rain come through from time to time, but it's a nice day. The water is calm. It's clouding up a little bit.","Do you have any guests at the resort at the moment?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The weather is not actually blue, but it's a nice day overall","questions":"Which color describes the weather in the second turn?","answer":"Blue."}
{"text":["And what's life like day to day in Fulton now?","Well, it's kind of like Groundhog Day. Every day you get up, it's - you see debris that's been removed on the side the road one day. And you think - well, we've really accomplished something. And the next day, the debris is right back out there again. So mentally, it's affected a lot of people, including myself, seeing all that - just take a hard time to get picked up.","Where are people living and sleeping?","Well, we've got quite a few people that have moved in with other family members. Some houses that have only been destroyed partially - some are completely to the ground. We've still got some living in hotels. We've got some that are living in tents and vehicles. We found out yesterday from our school district that quite a few schoolkids are homeless. You know, 67 percent of the property here has been damaged in some way - or more."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker might be implying a hidden agenda or ulterior motive behind their words, actions, or decisions, without making it explicit.","questions":"What is the speaker possibly suggesting with their words in turn 2?","answer":"Hidden"}
{"text":["Microfauna, can't get enough.","Microflora and fauna.","That's right.","Excuse me, I just thought of - wow, and was this something he started out to do, I mean, as a scientist?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The living conditions of workers are terrible and lack privacy and basic necessities","questions":"Which basic necessity is lacking in the living conditions of workers?","answer":"Privacy"}
{"text":["Well, the overall energy source for all of this is that big ball that we see every day, the sun.","Oh, that thing.","Yeah, that thing.","But the sun is moderately variable. And every now and then, it'll send out an extra stream, a strong stream of particles that we call the solar wind. And that when that comes along and encounters our planet, we have a magnetic field, and so that acts as sort of a barrier, but it still puts energy in. And when all that energy comes in, it goes into these particles. And then this is one of the mechanisms whereby things get transferred into the very high-energy particles that make the radiation belts."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B is being sarcastic and dismissive about the sun.","questions":"Which celestial body is responsible for the overall energy source in this dialogue?","answer":"sun"}
{"text":["There's something magical about that part of a meal that really seems to have inspired the book. Like, the beginning, when everyone is, like, just arriving and gathering and, like, what you want to serve in a moment like that.","Yeah. I mean, even just hearing you describe it that way, it's the best moment of a party. So, you know, everyone's hugging and kissing, and there's catching up and clinking of wine glasses. And it's just the best moment. And I think when those first platters of food start to roll out of the kitchen, it's just a celebration.","Do you ever really sit down, or is it constant movement, like, more plates coming out and just kind of wandering around and eating and talking?","What I love about antipasti is that even in a restaurant, oftentimes they'll have sort of a big communal table in the center of the restaurant, and they'll allow you to come up with, you know, your plate and a big spoon and just kind of point to or pick through and serve yourself whatever you want from the antipasti spread. So that's kind of the most interactive moment of the meal, which is maybe also why it's one of my favorites."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"pick through and serve yourself whatever you want\" - This is a figurative expression, meaning to choose items from the antipasti spread rather than actually picking through the food with one's fingers.","questions":"Which expression refers to choosing items from the antipasti spread?","answer":"meal-serving"}
{"text":["Chop, chop into smallish pieces.","OK.","Then you soften eight ounces of cream cheese, and you blend that with two-thirds of a cup of sour cream, get it all nice and smooth and then you spread that over the minced onion.","And you have the ambulance on speed dial, but yeah. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Hurry up and get started on the task.","questions":"How would you describe the tone of the person speaking in turn 1?","answer":"hurried"}
{"text":["About the South, I think what's missing is an attention to the ways that we have progressed but the paradox of that progress here for many folks. We're not getting to those deep structures because the South is so glittery now. We have Starbucks, and we have Whole Foods. And there are cranes in the sky, as Solange Knowles would say, all across the South. We're in the newest New South. There are lots of stories about growth and progress. But, again, at what cost?On whose backs?","And so about Memphis, I think what we miss is that because we have seemingly healed in the form of a museum, in the form of commemoration, in the form of reckoning with this assassination that we're on the upswing, that we're moving forward. But as I mentioned earlier, I feel that time has stood still and gone backwards and circled around us in a lot of ways here and that what gets missed is that there are people in the middle of this play of politics, in the middle of this history who are crushed but that still are striving in ways that are remarkable and beautiful. There is joy. There is dancing. There is singing. Sometimes, I hop into a church just to hear the sounds of joy that come out. And I think that gets lost in the way that we talk about the city in the national media.","Zandria Robinson is a sociology professor at Rhodes College and a Memphis native. Thank you very much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Memphis has a rich culture and community that is often overlooked in national media coverage.","questions":"How is Memphis's culture?","answer":"Overlooked"}
{"text":["Thank you for having me.","Let's begin with the top line of the report. We certainly know retail is suffering. We see stores all over America closing. Midtown Manhattan is having problems with retail space. We assume it's online shopping and delivery. But how many job losses do you fix specifically to the role of private equity?","Well, we found that over the last decade, 1. 3 million people lost their jobs at retailers that had been acquired by Wall Street private equity firms and hedge funds. During that same 10-year period, the retail sector had actually added an additional 1 million jobs. So what we find is that in key areas, Wall Street firms are destabilizing retailers. Toys R Us is a good example. Toys R Us was highly profitable when it filed for bankruptcy. Their private equity owners had loaded the company with debt and did not really invest in necessary technology upgrades to support e-commerce and to make it viable.","Well, let's peel back a phrase like Toys R Us was highly profitable when it filed for bankruptcy. That wouldn't seem to fit in the same sentence. But how do you explain that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : peel back means look at the many different contributing factors","questions":"Which phrase in turn 3 implies that there are multiple factors to consider in regards to Toys R Us' bankruptcy?","answer":"Contributing"}
{"text":["Economics and public policy analysis, oddly enough.","What happens if you get sick?","Well, there's kind of the rub. That's the risk that you're taking, in that if something catastrophic or something major were happen, you know, I become a burden to the society around me because I wouldn't be able to afford it. At the same time, in some ways, I've already been a burden to society because, you know, I went to a state school in North Carolina. So my education was heavily subsidized by the taxpayers in that state.","So I have a responsibility now to produce more - whether it's economically or culturally - than I did before I earned those degrees. So I've got to weigh: Is the risk that I pose to society, if I get sick and I'm not insured, greater than the benefit that could happen if that $740 next year helps me jumpstart my career. And right now, I don't think that risk is greater than the potential benefit.","Boy, you were an economics major, weren't you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : The literal meaning of \"Boy, you were an economics major, weren't you?\" is asking whether or not the person studied economics as a major. However, the implied meaning is that the speaker is making a sarcastic comment about the person's discussion on weighing the risks and benefits of getting sick without insurance. The speaker is implying that the person's economic background is influencing their decision-making process.","questions":"How does the speaker feel about the person's discussion?","answer":"sarcastic"}
{"text":["So, this is an exciting moment for us to take a look at ourselves. So, you know, first of all, how do you compare this presidential race with ones in the past?","Can't do it. This is not like any presidential race in the past. We have already had the first woman candidate to be this close to being nominated. The first Hispanic candidate to be a major candidate. First Mormon. We have the first African-American nominee, now presumptive nominee of the Democratic Party. And we also had a very interesting race on the Republican side that would have been kind of a barnburner in its own right. So, this has been a much more interesting presidential race that we've had in my lifetime. And it's just got an awful lot of facets of great news value.","So, how would you say, what would you say even coverage is?What is the goal really?","The best thing you can do is to reach the end of the campaign and have people say, well, we got a fair look at the candidates from the beginning to the end. We got a fair look at the two nominees of the major parties. We got a fair look at the third party candidates. And we got a fair look at all the competitors back in the primaries. I don't think you can say that at all is going to be exactly the same number of minutes devoted to each."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Equal coverage for all candidates is difficult to achieve.","questions":"Which factor makes achieving equal coverage for all candidates difficult?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["It has truly been a season of hurricanes. The one called Ike slammed into the Gulf Coast over the weekend. Thousands of people boarded up their homes and fled inland. Late last week, authorities began warning residents in the low-lying areas that to try to stick it out would bring certain death.","We've got Daniel Perry to give us his take on Ike. He's a regular contributor to our Bloggers' Roundtable. His blog is ThereAlready. blogspot. com. He's also a resident of Houston, Texas, which was in the path of the hurricane. But he and his family decided to stay at their home and brace themselves for Ike's impact. Daniel, thanks for coming on.","Thank you, Farai.","So how - first of all, how are you doing?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Staying in low-lying areas during hurricane will cause certain death","questions":"How did Farai introduce Daniel Perry in the dialogue?","answer":"Regular"}
{"text":["Underserved communities are neglected from the outside in. You know, we're talking about citizenry that have demonstrated a love for their community, have demonstrated a loyalty to the community and city as a whole, and they are the heart and soul of culture and cuisine for so many decades in New Orleans. And to let that go, means we've lost perspective of what is truly important in the society, and that's the root of what our culture is all about, you know, the intersection between people and life itself. And when we lose the priority of that, then we've lost our way as a city. And so the 9th Ward is emblematic of that. While a lot of the city is thriving, until the 9th Ward comes back, we won't be whole, and that's why we believe we should be there as a company.","A grocery store is not everything a neighborhood needs, but it is one of the things a neighborhood needs.","Mm-hmm.","Do you hope that, alongside the growth of Sterling Farms, will come those other necessities - a better school system, the infrastructure elements of sewage and power and water - everything that the people need to get their community going again?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"a neighborhood needs\" Here, the phrase \"needs\" is used in a broader sense, indicating that a grocery store is one of the necessary elements for a neighborhood's well-being, rather than the literal physical requirements.","questions":"How is the phrase \"needs\" used in turn 1?","answer":"Broader"}
{"text":["Sure.","Because there are already a number of candidates who think. . .","(Laughter).",". . . Who are from the West. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The Chinese government wanted to control the narrative portrayed by the foreign journalists.","questions":"Which government?","answer":"Chinese"}
{"text":["It was. So Apple's lawyers were incredibly practiced and very eloquent. They told a very compelling story for their case, and they told it in terms that were very easy for the jurors to understand. They had lots of well-done slides and pictures illustrating their points, and when they finished speaking, you were convinced that they were in the right.","Samsung, on the other hand, they were - they came across as being defensive a lot of the time and kind of brash sometimes. And their case was also a lot more complicated and involved much more technical terms, and so I think that might have been much harder for jurors to understand.","And so what - what exactly did the jury find?They sort of had a mixed bag of things.","Right, so they found patent infringement for a whole host of Apple's intellectual property in the case. They found 28 cases of infringement for some of the smartphones involved. They upheld Apple's patents on iPhone and iPad design, and now Apple is seeking injunction against eight of those 28 smartphones that were found to be violating Apple's intellectual property."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Apple is seeking injunction against the 8 violating smartphones","questions":"Which company is seeking injunction against the 8 violating smartphones?","answer":"Apple"}
{"text":["I think we're all thinking about it and working on it, but I just wonder if, you know, do you think that the defendants who've come in to your courtroom have a sufficient social network so that they see other people doing better or improving their lives so that they can even have anything to pattern it on?","Absolutely. And I think that's a huge part of the problem. And what I would do, in my court, I had a program for men and a program for women because, even if I spark something in you with what I say, you're going to go back into an environment where everybody's telling you something else. And I don't have the ability, that constant contact.","So, what I think is, at least, a part of the solution is, when we do something, to take a small group and to stay with them. I stayed with a group of girls for a year at a time for over a decade, and I did see two or three people who called me a couple of years later, Judge, I just want to tell you how well I am doing.","It's not a great answer. It's not the answer everybody wants to hear because it's not a panacea, and it's work intensive while the success rate is low, but I think it's what has to be done."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It implies that no matter the impact of the program the society will still change those impacts.","questions":"How does the judge address the issue of social network in her court programs?","answer":"Separately"}
{"text":["Diane Standaert of the nonprofit Center for Responsible Lending in Washington, D. C. , joins us now. Thanks very much for being with us.","Thanks for the opportunity to speak with you.","We're talking about car title loans and consumer finance loans. What are the differences?","Car title loans typically carry 300 percent interest rates and are typically due in 30 days and take access to a borrower's car title as security for the loan. Consumer finance loans have no limits on the rates that they can charge and also take access to the borrower's car as security for the loan. And so in some states, such as Virginia, there's very little difference between the predatory practices and the consequences for consumers of these types of loans.","How do people get trapped?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker is asking how people can become trapped in debt due to car title loans and consumer finance loans.","questions":"What is the topic of discussion in turn 2?","answer":"loans"}
{"text":["Well, in its basic form, it's an envelope that's been postmarked on a specific day - usually to commemorate an event - and then was signed by the crew. But why is it called an insurance cover is because it sort of served as a form of insurance. The Apollo 11 crew was the first to fly to the moon, and they didn't know if they were going to make it back. They had a meager personal insurance policy to protect their families, but to augment that they autographed these envelopes in the case that they couldn't return from the moon then their families could sell these, what would be, rare collectibles to augment whatever money they received from insurance.","And, of course, it's for a good cause in this case. It's not just that somebody needed the money.","Indeed, Rick Armstrong, one of Neil's sons, donated this to the Astronaut Scholarship Foundation so it's come somewhat full circle. The original purpose of this cover was to provide for the family and now the family is providing for the next astronauts.","And there is something that went to space, which is going to be auctioned off next week, isn't that right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"but to augment that they autographed these envelopes\" - The crew did not actually sign the envelopes to increase the value of their insurance policy, but rather as a way to provide their families with a means of financial support in case they did not return from the moon.","questions":"What did the crew sign on the envelopes?","answer":"Envelopes"}
{"text":["Thanks for having me, Scott.","Let me begin with what's being called the tarmac summit. Bill Clinton, Attorney General Lynch happened to be at the Phoenix airport at the same time. And Bill Clinton arranged a private meeting, lasted about half an hour, with the attorney general. Your old colleague, David Axelrod, tweeted, quote, \"I take Loretta Lynch and Bill Clinton at their word that their convo in Phoenix didn't touch on probe. But foolish to create such optics. \"How helpful was it for Hillary Clinton, who's so widely seen as untrustworthy, to have her spouse meet with the attorney general while she's under investigation by the Justice Department?","I can't imagine there's one person in America, including in the Clinton campaign, who thinks that was helpful (laughter). But I - look, I think if Bill Clinton had to do it over again he probably wouldn't have walked over to the plane, seeing all the follow-up from the last couple days.","Does it raise a question about what you do with Bill Clinton during the campaign because he is, certainly on the one hand, often called the most talented politician of the modern era. On the other hand, you know, he's got a history of mischief."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implies that Bill Clinton should have known better than to take such an action.","questions":"Which action should Bill Clinton have known better than to take?","answer":"Action"}
{"text":["Story's still unfolding, we understand. What are you hearing?","Well, the evidence is that the Islamic State is behind this. In addition to French President Francois Hollande saying that the attacks were the work of ISIS, the group itself claimed responsibility in an online statement a short time ago. And they say the attacks were a response to French airstrikes in Syria and that France would remain, in their words, a top target as long as it continued its current policies.","This has been independently confirmed by intelligence officials you've been able to talk to.","Well, my understanding is that officials first started to suspect ISIS was behind this late last night. There were some cellphone conversations or texts that the gunmen were exchanging while the attacks were going on. And they mentioned ISIS. And here's why that's important. You remember the Mumbai attacks in 2008 that were - those were attacks on hotels and Jewish centers and a railway station. Well, one of the ways that they traced it back to the perpetrators was by picking up phone conversations between the gunmen and their handlers in Pakistan. The information is still coming in, but it appears that something similar happened here."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3): The implication is that intelligence officials have already confirmed the suspicion that ISIS was behind the attacks. ","questions":"Which suspicion?","answer":"Cellphone"}
{"text":["And what exactly is happening in Tulsa?","Well, so all of this water from upstream that's coming from northeast Oklahoma is heading downstream into Tulsa. They have these aging levees. Many of them were built in the 1940s. The Keystone Dam is releasing huge amounts of water, and that has led to thousands of people being evacuated from their homes in the Tulsa area.","And then if you go down river, as you get closer to Arkansas, some communities, like Braggs and Webbers Falls, have been totally emptied out. One mayor earlier this week told people that if they refuse to evacuate, they should write their identification on their arm.","Wow. I mean, it does sound as though it's just an overwhelmingly awful combination of floods and tornadoes and bad weather. What are people saying as you are out and about interviewing people and, I guess, just talking to your own neighbors?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The levees are old and unable to handle the amount of water released from Keystone Dam, resulting in many evacuations.","questions":"What is causing the evacuations in the Tulsa area?","answer":"Keystone"}
{"text":["Well, you know, the Chinese economy has some major problems even in boom times. It's awash with corruption, enormous inefficiencies. It still has training wheels in many respects, and when an economic crisis hits a booming economy, it tends to make it more efficient. When it emerges, it becomes an even better competitor.","And we've seen this with other emerging Asian economies in the past - after the first oil shock in Japan. Japan really got its act together and became our foremost competitor then.","And how will this affect what's happening here in the United States in terms of manufacturing and jobs here?","You know, I think it is an economic question and a political question, and there are some uncertainties on how we will play our hand. The president-elect when he was talking about creating jobs at home, he was really stressing incentives on keeping jobs here, giving companies good reasons to keep jobs here."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : An economic crisis can lead to better competitiveness.","questions":"How can an economic crisis impact competitiveness?","answer":"Efficiency"}
{"text":["The whistleblower still has not met with lawmakers or staff from those committees. The whistleblower's lawyers had been waiting for interim security clearances from the government so that they can accompany their client in any interviews or meetings with Congress. I'm told that those interim security clearances have come through, that they came through and took effect today, so that's a step forward. A source tells me that talks on setting up meetings with congressional committees are still taking place at this point, and there is no date set as of yet.","Another front to ask you about, Ryan, which is - three House committees today subpoenaed the Pentagon and the White House budget office. Do we know what they were subpoenaing, what they want?","Well, the House Intelligence, the House Oversight and the House Foreign Affairs Committees have been busy in the past week or so issuing subpoenas, all as part of this impeachment inquiry. They've already subpoenaed the White House and the State Department, as well as President Trump's personal attorney Rudy Giuliani.","Right."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A whistle was not blown but a person complained about an event publically that could be illegal.","questions":"What event was the person complaining about?","answer":"Impeachment."}
{"text":["Rising gas prices are forcing consumers and the auto industry to make drastic changes. Today we wrap up our multimedia series Road Trippin' with a look at some solutions to the soaring fuel costs. Toyota and Honda have been making popular hybrid gas-electric cars and they generally get better mileage than gas-only engines and save some wear and tear on the environment. Pump prices have consumers dumping their SUVs and pickup trucks for smaller, more fuel-efficient cars. Now the other major car companies are jumping onto the fuel efficiency bandwagon. With us to talk about some of those changes is BMW spokesperson Dave Buchko. Thanks for joining us.","Thank you.","So gas-electric hybrid cars have been on U. S.  roads since Honda started selling the Insight in 2000. Companies like GM, Honda and BMW are looking now at developing hydrogen-powered cars. What does that mean, how do those work?","Well, there are different approaches to how to - to hydrogen vehicles. We've been at this longer than anybody. We've been at this for more than 25 years. And so when we started looking at hydrogen, what we were looking for initially was an alternative to gasoline as a way of powering an internal combustion engine, which is normal - you know, in a normal car engine. So quite different from what we see with fuel cells. But we've continued to develop the internal combustion engine powered by hydrogen because we think that that has a lot of potential and a lot of relevance."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : BMW is interested in developing an internal combustion engine powered by hydrogen.","questions":"Which car company is mentioned as developing an internal combustion engine powered by hydrogen?","answer":"BMW"}
{"text":["Well, I think there are bad memories, and there are ghosts. And it's such an interesting place to visit. There are people who go back to that Superdome now not because they want to, but because they have to, to try and make a living. One guy I met, Raymond Smith, he has no choice but to strap a beer tray around his neck and go up and down the aisles, you know, shouting for beer during games. And he had to live through Katrina inside the Superdome. And it is not a happy memory for him in any way. It's something he suffers with. But for the rest of the community, it is also a symbol of redemption in some ways or if not redemption, reclamation.","I promise not to take this personally. World Series - two parks you'd have to go back and forth between. What would you choose?","Well, as a Yankee fan, I suppose I should say Yankee Stadium. But if the ballpark is the sole measure of where I want to be, then, unfortunately, it has to be Fenway. And, you know. . .","It takes a lot for Yankee fan to say that, right?I appreciate that.","It does. But you know what?Fenway really is a magical place. And they've done a tremendous job with their renovations. And as perfect as the symmetry might be of going back and forth between Wrigley and Fenway, I'm going to say PNC Park.","In Pittsburgh?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 5 :  \"In Pittsburgh?\" The literal meaning of this turn is a simple inquiry about the location mentioned by the speaker. The implicated meaning, however, suggests surprise or disbelief on the part of the speaker, as if they find it unexpected or unusual for PNC Park to be chosen as a preferred location.","questions":"How did the speaker react to the choice of PNC Park?","answer":"Surprise"}
{"text":["Thank you for having me on.","I think a lot of people don't want to hear anything you have to say until I've asked you this question. Are you being used by Vladimir Putin?","(Laughter) No, I don't think so. When people look at this, you know, particularly with Russia in the news as much as it is, there's always this cloud of suspicion that's leveled against anybody who can be, in the most stretched way, associated with Russia. It wasn't my choice to be in Russia.","Most stretched way - you're living there in Moscow. You have been for six years."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : There is always people that are suspicious of those that are associated with Russia in any way, even the smallest way.","questions":"What is the reason for suspicion towards people associated with Russia?","answer":"Association"}
{"text":["Yeah. I mean, Jodi came to me very strongly. Before I even realized that I was writing a book, I was hanging out with Jodi. And she kind of took up residence in my mind. And I became a little infatuated with her. I started thinking about her all the time. And then the plot and the rest of the story sort of fell into place. I really, actually, kind of felt like I was getting to know her. And so it was a process of realizing what she had been through.","Well, Jodi - without giving too much away - gets out of prison. She meets an interesting woman, Miranda, who has three children, a failing marriage to a has-been country singer and an addiction. What draws them to each other?","She's just gotten out of prison. And she knows, in many ways, that taking up with Miranda is a bad decision. I mean, she kind of looks at her the first night that they're hanging out and tells herself, don't do this. But at the same time, she's drawn to her. I mean, she's physically attracted to her.","But she's also, I think, attracted to the fact that Miranda is bound and determined to enjoy life despite everything that's going wrong. So it's this sort of love of life and determination to make something joyful out of life."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A women should not associate with a women expect as a friend","questions":"Which character in the dialogue goes against the statement mentioned in turn 2?","answer":"Miranda"}
{"text":["And it's in Kuwait where you have thousands of people now for the last three months, four months, have been out in the street demonstrating. Again, they're not calling for the overthrow of the regime, but they're publicly calling out the emir's name, saying we will not let you run an autocratic system and abuse power. They want more representation, the more equitable representation of parliament, less corruption and more citizen involvement or engagement in public life.","They haven't articulated their demands very clearly, but these are - this is what they're talking about. They just want to feel that they're not, they're not simply living in a shopping mall where they can go and buy six cell phones and have no other rights. They have rights more than material rights, that's what they're saying.","So Kuwait is fascinating because it's wealthy, the government gives them everything, and they're still out there demonstrating for political change. And I think these sentiments run throughout the whole region, including Saudi Arabia and other places, to some extent. None of them are revolutionary in the monarchies, but none of the citizens of these countries either will accept total and permanent acquiescence in the existing power structure.","I know you're on your way from here back to the airport and back home, and I don't mean to send you there early, but a report today from the Bulgarian investigation into that terrible bombing, and, well, clearly that's going to be a development that's going to be - we're going to keep an eye on."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : to keep an eye on means to watch something closely","questions":"How does PersonA describe the sentiments of citizens in Kuwait and other monarchies?","answer":"Resistant"}
{"text":["Ibiza being the Spanish island where this video was filmed.","Exactly - just blathering on and on to a Russian woman who they believed was the niece of a prominent Russian oligarch.","And I'll just insert here that I have not had the opportunity to verify exactly what is being documented on this video. But what it has done is raise all of these questions in Austria about the extent of Russian influence in Austrian politics. Is that right?","Absolutely. And, I mean, it's funny because these are actually fake Russians. This is - these are not necessarily people that were sent from the Kremlin. We don't really know the provenance of the video. Some people believe it's an activist collective. Other people are speculating that some secret services of various countries were involved. But the most important thing to say is that Vice Chancellor Strache hasn't denied any of the assertions.","Right. Well, let me insert a practical question here. Where does this leave the government of Austria?Who's in charge today?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The origin of the video is unknown, but the Vice Chancellor has not denied any of the allegations","questions":"Which allegations has the Vice Chancellor not denied?","answer":"origin"}
{"text":["Mm-hmm. I'm Ira Flatow. This is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR, talking with Anthony Leiserowitz of the - he's the director of the Yale Project on Climate Change Communication at Yale. How can you follow up with this?Can you keep coming up with new polls so we can follow this?","Oh, absolutely. We'll be doing this at least twice a year and, of course, we have lots of other colleagues around the country that are also surveying on this exact same topics.","And will we know if this does move into the - more into the political discourse as well as the public discourse?","Well, I think we'll see it. I mean, first of all, you can see it in the amount of - number of times that the president talks about this, that candidate Mitt Romney talks about this, as well as across the board. I mean, remember, it's not just the presidential election. There are some Senate races and congressional races all over this country. And what we're seeing is that a lot of people are beginning to ask the question about climate change."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"Oh, absolutely.\" - This is a literal response that affirms the ability to conduct new polls twice a year and that other colleagues are also surveying on the same topic.","questions":"How frequently will they be conducting new polls?","answer":"Frequency"}
{"text":["They have indeed, but not through Jordan, as far as I know.","And you talked about hedging your bets. Doesn't that risk putting your bets on the wrong side if, indeed, the rebels do topple, which from what you say, the regime believes is only a matter of time. Why don't they put their bets on - with the opposition?","That's a debate that is actually going on inside the country today. As I said, 82 percent of Jordanians are with the uprising, not all of them, however, are with any military intervention against the Syrian regime. This is a very sensitive issue in Arab politics, to be seen as actively working militarily against an Arab regime. Still, as I said, the sentiments of the people in Jordan, not all of them, but the overwhelming majority of them, are with the uprising. And the country, I would expect, the government, will probably have to change its position as developments move. It's a fair question to ask. You know, one day, we'll be able to do so. There are many who have asked the government to take on a sort of a clearer position on the Syrian crisis than it has so far.","How porous is the border?If people wanted to operate across it clandestinely, would they be able to do so?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Hedging bets may not be a wise decision and the rebels may win. Regime may be wrong about the outcome","questions":"What is the risk of hedging bets according to B?","answer":"Losing"}
{"text":["Right.","In south L. A. , it's black-Latino. Do you think that the NAACP will or should reach out to particularly other people of color to try to form coalitions?","Well that's been something that Julian Bond has been emphasizing throughout his chairmanship. I'm not sure the various precedents, the CEOs understood it. But it's the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. And Du Bois said at the beginning of the century that it was not jut black people, but black, brown, yellow all the colored races that had to work together. So I think that - and Jealous comes from a community and background where he is very much aware of that. I think the NAACP needs to do it, whatever the tensions are, whatever the issues are, whether it's housing or whose turf is available to whom, or immigration or whatever it is, jobs. I think the NAACP has to that, and I think Ben will do that.","Now, when it comes to civil rights, I talked to a young activist who is very much within the black community. His entire focus is on young black men and yet he hates the term civil rights. He thinks civil rights, the term, has undermined civil rights, the movement, because it's outdated, in his opinion. What do you think on that score?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The NAACP should form coalitions with other people of color","questions":"What has Julian Bond been emphasizing throughout his chairmanship?","answer":"Colored"}
{"text":["Yeah.",". . . Calmer feeling inside your kitchens. Why?","Right. That's part of what I learned not to do from Todd is to scream and to not pay them. And a lot of that was what I had to go through. I had to beg for my paycheck, or - I think I was making $6 an hour from him. So I felt I would succeed if I treat people with dignity and teach them the tools to succeed - not that I really knew right away when I had only one restaurant - but to be part of a team instead of a head chef and a screamer. I wanted it to feel like we're all in this together - from the reservationist, to the dishwasher, to the line cooks, to myself - that we are one chef, and we - I need them to succeed. So that's how I worked in my kitchens.","Why do you think it's still so hard for women to break into this business?","It isn't hard to break into it. It's up to women to want to do it. I think a lot of women look at the hours and the lifestyle, and then they think family or children. But I think it's fabulous to have your children involved in the restaurant industry. I mean, it's changed a lot. And - I mean, it's not - it's about what women want to do, and don't give up. I think that's really - I just put my head down, and I knew what I wanted, and I went for it. And yeah, there's struggle, but there's struggles in every job."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : The literal meaning suggests that breaking into the restaurant business is not difficult for women. However, the actual meaning is that women need to have the desire and motivation to pursue a career in the industry.","questions":"What is the actual meaning of the statement made by PersonA regarding women in the restaurant industry?","answer":"Desire"}
{"text":["Congress looked like they might get some kind of deal on immigration this past week. Didn't happen. What did happen?","They had a big sit-down meeting among all the House Republicans, and they talked about a deal, but they didn't reach one. The problem is that one faction within the House Republican caucus wants to protect the DREAMers, the people in the U. S.  illegally who were brought here as children. The other faction at the opposite end of the spectrum opposes anything they see as amnesty. And they want full funding for Trump's border wall with Mexico and a number of other changes to current law on legal immigration as well.","So it's not clear how much of that can get worked out, even among House Republicans, let alone with the Senate or the president.","I have to ask, how does the director of the Environmental Protection Agency, Scott Pruitt, hold onto his job?It seems like every few hours, there's charges of some kind of new ethical infraction. Yeah. I mean, he would have been let go from a greeter position at Walmart by now."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Scott Pruitt has committed multiple ethical violations and is unfit to hold his position at the Environmental Protection Agency.","questions":"Which agency is Scott Pruitt the director of?","answer":"EPA"}
{"text":["Everybody else in the theater did. I didn't.","Oh, yeah, right.","Every single person cried except for me.","Oh, yeah, because they were only slicing onions for you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker did not cry because they were not moved by the movie, while everyone else was","questions":"Which emotion did the speaker not feel during the movie?","answer":"Cry"}
{"text":["Well, I'm delighted. I'm absolutely high as a kite. I said yesterday, I'm high as the flag on the Fourth of July, and it's the way I still feel today.","And does this ruling change the way researchers will be able to work?","It has a less of an impact on research, which has never been subject to the enforcement of a patent, than it does on the availability of this approach for patient care. The enforcement of the monopoly on testing by Myriad was in the realm of patient care, that is testing for patients who were referred by their physicians or genetic counselors for sequencing of BRCA1 and 2.","Does this mean that it will open up the realm of other people, other companies, coming up with a test also and maybe drive the price of the test down."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Myriad was the main company that could do testing and had most tests done by them.","questions":"What company had the majority of tests done for BRCA1 and 2?","answer":"Myriad"}
{"text":["It probably had more to do with Moore - Roy Moore - and his unique trainload of baggage. But it's still hard not to compare it to what happened back in 2010 when Scott Brown was elected in Massachusetts, taking Teddy Kennedy's seat. And this was at about the same point in President Obama's first term.","That really changed the mood on Capitol Hill. It did not stop the passage of Obamacare, but it signaled a big turnover in Congress in the next elections. And we could be heading into a correction here in the other direction under President Trump.","NPR's Ron Elving. Thanks so much.","Thank you, Scott."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"NPR's Ron Elving thanking Scott\". However, the actual meaning is \"Scott thanking NPR's Ron Elving.\"","questions":"Which person expressed gratitude in the exchange?","answer":"Ron"}
{"text":["He says it's incumbent on the press and on the media not to make it easy for celebrities to have these terribly serious transgressions alleged and be able to skate by on their charm, on their fame, on their accomplishments outside the arena of these allegations. He said, you know, it is precisely the inconvenient moment where you have all these stars - and Woody Allen is in South of France because of the debut of his new film.","And you have stars like Blake Lively, Jesse Eisenberg and others who are there, Steve Carell. And he says we should be hearing them asked what it's like to work with an alleged child molester - and by the way, those are his words, not mine - rather than asked, you know, what costumes were you wearing?How did you like your outfits?What was it like to work with this great director?","That's his argument. He says it's uncomfortable but these questions need to be asked, otherwise powerful people can get away with terrible things.","How do you feel about that?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : And you have stars like Blake Lively, Jesse Eisenberg and others who are there, Steve Carell. And he says we should be hearing them asked what it's like to work with an alleged child molester - and by the way, those are his words, not mine - rather than asked, you know, what costumes were you wearing? How did you like your outfits? What was it like to work with this great director?\"  Implicated meaning: The speaker suggests that instead of asking superficial questions about celebrities' appearance and experiences on set, it is important to inquire about their experiences working with someone who has been accused of being a child molester. By doing so, the focus would shift to addressing serious allegations and holding individuals accountable for their actions.","questions":"What is the word used by the speaker to describe Woody Allen?","answer":"Alleged"}
{"text":["Your program's been underway since the fall. Any success stories yet?","You know, it's hard to define success. The phone's ringing. We've gotten about four dozen calls so far, and those tips are kind of in various stages where local law enforcement is working to vet those. But I think the fact that the phone's ringing and information's coming in where it wasn't before is a huge success for us.","Audrey Simkins is the cold case analyst for the Colorado Bureau of Investigations. Thanks for speaking with us.","Thanks so much for giving me a call."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In this turn, the speaker is not just providing a definition of success but also implying that the program is already showing signs of success by highlighting the increase in tips and information received. ","questions":"Which word suggests that the program is already showing signs of success in PersonA's statement?","answer":"Huge"}
{"text":["Of, you know, as climate change or renewable energy, things like that. The choice is not even offered on the sheet of things that you - that is on your radar screen.","Yeah. Well, this is actually a really important point, is that when you look at - and I'll just come back to media coverage as an example. You know, for most people, this is an issue that's invisible. I mean, you can look out your window right this moment, and there's CO2 pouring out of tailpipes, out of smokestacks, out of buildings, but you can't see it, and likewise you can't see the impacts unless you know where to look. In fact, the only way most Americans even know about this issue is because of what they've learned about it in the media. They're not reading the peer-reviewed literature. They don't know scientists personally. They're learning about it through the media. And when the media doesn't report this issue, it's literally out of sight and out of mind.","Mm-hmm. Is there a difference between the national poll you conducted and registered voters?Do they have different opinions about it?","No. In fact, that's exactly what we did in this study, is that we asked people, are you registered to vote?And we only looked at those Democrats, Republicans and independents who are registered because, obviously, those are the people who will actually walk into the voting booth."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A's turn: The implied meaning is that media coverage plays a significant role in shaping public perception and awareness of issues like climate change. Despite the visible impacts of CO2 emissions, many people remain unaware of the severity of the issue until they learn about it through media outlets. If the media fails to report on climate change, it can become an \"out of sight, out of mind\" issue for many people.","questions":"What is the issue that can become \"out of sight, out of mind\" for many people if the media fails to report on it?","answer":"Climate-change"}
{"text":["We get the impression from the reporting of our colleague Adrian Florido in Puerto Rico that this was - the protests that drove out the governor, they were a protest against the governor but really against the whole political system. And the descriptions you've just given of the various positions would seem to back that up. Does anybody have credibility to take the job?","I think there are people that do have the credibility and that have the experience. But I - it's not clear to me that political leadership has heard the message that has been delivered loud and clearly by the thousands, in some cases hundreds of thousands of Puerto Ricans that took to the street to let, you know, their distaste and their indignation known.","What do you mean they haven't heard the message - meaning that the political leadership doesn't understand how angry people are?","I think that that could be the case, and it is demonstrated by the fact that there are reports of backroom dealing over who could be that next secretary of state that could take over the governor's position."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : backroom dealings meaning out of the view of the public and not with good intent","questions":"Which dealings were not in the view of the public and not with good intent?","answer":"Backroom"}
{"text":["So I can't say anything definitive. But my understanding is that Mr.  Mueller basically laid out, here are the elements. As you read in the introduction, we can't conclude it wasn't obstruction, and we're essentially turning it over to Congress to look at that and, I must say, to the voters; ultimately, I think the voters in 2020 are going to be the people that decide what was right and wrong in this case.","Now, there was an interesting point in the press conference today with Attorney General Bill Barr. He defended his conclusion that there was no obstruction by pointing out that the president has at times been very cooperative in this investigation - he provided access to documents, he let his senior aides testify freely. Let me ask you, does that mean in your mind that the president could not have had a corrupt intent?","Well, I think, you know, he was sort of cherry-picking the evidence. We know, for example, that the president wanted to dismiss Mr.  Mueller, wanted to shut down the investigation, wanted Attorney General Sessions to unrecuse himself to take control of the situation. We know that when he first heard of the investigation, he leaned back in his chair and said, this could be the end of my presidency. And so I don't - I mean, clearly, there was cooperation. Although, on one of the very major aspects, the president refused to testify or his lawyers, anyway, refused to testify.","Do you think it was a mistake of Robert Mueller not to have subpoenaed the president to sit down for an interview?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Turn (4): \"subpoenaed the president to sit down for an interview\" is an idiom that means legally compelling someone to appear and give testimony. It does not mean literally inviting someone to sit down for a friendly conversation.","questions":"What does the idiom \"subpoenaed\" mean?","answer":"Compelling"}
{"text":["He went to his local bar and he didn't sit on the sidelines there. He took center stage and actually played a kind of Balkan fiddle called a gusle. And everyone stood around and clapped and applauded him. And he was sitting under a portrait of Radovan Karodzic, this man who was the hero for most of the people in the bar. And not one of them spotted the resemblance.","He lived across the stairwell in his block of flats from a woman who worked with Interpol. And her - every time she went into work, she logged on to her computer and saw the world's most wanted, including Osama bin Laden and Radovan Karodzic. And the penny never dropped. It was like a long-running performance that only came to an end really when his brother made a vital slip.","He made a phone call, right?What happened?","He made a phone call. And he used a SIM card that he shouldn't have used. It was one that was on the files of the people chasing Karodzic.","To put you on the spot a bit, does a sentence like this that comes 21 years after the Srebrenica massacre serve as a deterrent to alleged war crimes being committed today, let's say in Syria and\/or Iraq?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : The sentence given to Karodzic serves as a warning to those who commit war crimes that there will be consequences for their actions.","questions":"What does the sentence given to Karodzic serve as?","answer":"Sentence"}
{"text":["Well, crown-of-thorn starfish are found across much of the Pacific Ocean and Indian Oceans. They are - they're about dinner-plate size, multiple arms, have little thorn-like spines coming out of them. They're also quite venomous. So the last thing you want to do is touch one and have it prick you, and it can cause paralysis.","But the important part for the corals is that these things are wonderful eating machines. They move slowly across the reef. They actually invert their stomach onto the corals and dissolve the coral tissue, you know, digesting it as they go. And they leave (technical difficulties) white behind them as they move forward.","So they're like little bulldozers.","Yeah, it's sort of like bulldozers. It's almost more like having a wave of people with flamethrowers going through the brush. You know, the coral physically is left behind, but it's all dead."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Comparison to bulldozers and flamethrowers emphasizes the destructive impact on coral reefs","questions":"What comparison did PersonA make to emphasize the impact of crown-of-thorn starfish on coral reefs?","answer":"Bulldozers,Flamethrowers"}
{"text":["Mr.  Mayor, in the half a minute we have left, there a lot of people listening to you. A lot of people will be becoming familiar with Beaufort today. They might be moved to help. How can they?","Well, that's a great question. Let us do the initial damage assessment first. And again, I think the biggest thing right now is for those that did evacuate, please standby, be patient with us as we kind of blaze a path for you to return - a safe path for your return.","Rett Newton is the mayor of Beaufort, N. C.  Mr.  Mayor, thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you, Scott."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The mayor cannot guarantee a quick return for those who evacuated.","questions":"What is the biggest thing that Mr. Mayor thinks people should do right now?","answer":"standby"}
{"text":["Are Jews in Germany already hiding external markers of religion?","Yes, they have for quite some time. Jews in Germany who wear yarmulkes often wear baseball caps to hide their yarmulkes because there is a feeling of unease. There aren't incidents all the time. And yet, one doesn't want to court that sort of danger. That said, of course, there's a great wish that this doesn't have to be, that one can wear a yarmulke openly. And here on the streets of Berlin, generally, it is no problem. But no one wants to be the person where it is a problem.","Right.","And even - it's not just wearing kippahs. It's also speaking Hebrew, it's wearing Magen David Jewish star necklaces. Any outward sign can be a problem."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Outward displays of Jewish identity can lead to danger","questions":"How can Jewish identity lead to danger?","answer":"death"}
{"text":["Right. How did you feel when you found out about Epstein's death?","It was definitely not a good moment. And it's still not, you know?Even every single time I hear those words, there's a certain amount of anger that shoots through my blood that I can't explain.","What are you angry at?","I'm angry that there's no justice in that, you know?He's not ever going to be here to face the music or to hear the pain that he's caused or the lives that he's destroyed. I mean, after all I've gone through, I finally came forward. And it almost feels all for nothing now, you know?I'm sorry. I'm just, like, getting. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Epstein's death was a very emotional and upsetting event for A","questions":"What emotion did Epstein's death evoke in A?","answer":"Anger"}
{"text":["But I neither have a pornographic nor a photographic memory. You know, and I don't have a memory that's particularly better than anybody else's. It's just that I've been able to do it so much over the years. And, you know, in the beginning it was not easy - memorizing the silks and coming up with the names. But now its pretty much second nature.","You've spoken openly about having performance anxiety. Can I get you to talk about that a little?","Sure. Sure. Right now, I've been doing hypnosis for the past couple of weeks. I don't always have to do hypnosis. But if there's kind of a big event coming up, such as this, and I start to feel a little queasy, I'll just go into hypnosis. Sometimes I even resort to the extremes of exercise. And hypnosis really does seem to work.","Can I ask you about a couple of calls for which you are famed?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : I\u2019ve also experienced times where I have been too confident. I have taken risks that have not paid off and I have overestimated my abilities or made decisions without thinking things through. This has been a hard lesson to learn, but it has taught me the importance of being humble and realistic about my capabilities.","questions":"How has experience taught the speaker to be?","answer":"Humble"}
{"text":["The way it works is that the public trust will now operate the company and will generate profits, which they anticipate to be between $7 and $8 billion. And those profits will be used to help settle some of the claims. Additionally, if they have any subsidiaries that are non-opioid that they sell, the proceeds from that sale will be used to pay the creditors.","Ah, OK.  Are there other examples of private companies that for one reason or another become public beneficiary trusts?","This is the first one I've seen in my 53 years of bankruptcy practice.","Really?Wow. So why has it been so rare, you think, for something like this to happen - for private companies to be made into a public beneficiary trusts?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The phrase \"first one I've seen\" does not literally mean that the speaker has never heard of or encountered such a case before, but rather that it is a rare occurrence in their experience in bankruptcy practice.","questions":"Which phrase suggests that the PersonA's experience in bankruptcy practice is a factor in their assertion?","answer":"seen"}
{"text":["Well, I'm going to try to make this as succinct as possible. But it's a complicated game of musical chairs. Next in line to take over the governor's job would be the local secretary of state. But that position has been vacant for the past two weeks because the former secretary of state resigned his position because he was involved in the original leaked chat that led to the governor's resignation.","Oh, the same scandal got the next - the second in line before it got the first guy. OK, go on.","Right. And then it would be Wanda Vazquez's turn. But as we've seen, she's a controversial figure, and she has already expressed her desire that she doesn't want the job. After that, it would be the Treasury secretary's turn. But he's been in his post for less than a month after Governor Rossello fired his predecessor for publicly denouncing corruption schemes within the Puerto Rican Treasury without first consulting with the governor's office. So the problem with the current Treasury secretary is that he's 31 years old and doesn't meet the minimum age requirement to be governor. . .","Wow."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : second in line refers to who takes the place of a leader if they resign","questions":"What is the position of the former secretary of state in relation to the governor's resignation?","answer":"Resigned"}
{"text":["All right. Does this activity now go completely unregulated after Congress sort of blocked this legislation taking force?","So since the privacy rule has been blocked, as, you say, a few things have happened. The companies themselves the Internet service providers, have gone on a campaign. They're reassuring users that they do offer opt-outs. Now, they're not opt-ins, but they're opt-outs. And also they say that they do not and will not sell people's individual browsing history. They might use this history but - to tailor ads - but they do not sell it to third parties. One thing that the angry customers have prompted is interest from lawmakers in a bunch of states - to name a few, Massachusetts, Maryland, Minnesota, I randomly picked a bunch of M's - these lawmakers are tackling Internet privacy laws. They're debating them on a state level.","So we may see a change soon. All right. Alina Selyukh, she reports on technology for NPR. Thanks so much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A: \"They might use this history but - to tailor ads - but they do not sell it to third parties.\" In this turn, the literal meaning suggests that the companies use users' browsing history to customize advertisements. However, the implicated meaning is that the companies collect and utilize users' browsing history for targeted advertising purposes, although they claim not to sell it to third parties.","questions":"Which campaign is being reassured by the Internet service providers?","answer":"Opt-outs"}
{"text":["Yeah, so a supernova is the explosion of a star. Stars more massive than our sun - about 10 times bigger or more - will end their lives in a huge explosion where the star first collapses and its center gets crushed down to something called a neutron star, which has about the mass of our sun but is about the size of a city. That's the densest material we know. And the rest of the star flies out in an explosion at thousands of miles per second, shining as bright as a billion suns.","Wow. But this supernova that you have observed - that's not what's happening. Now, let me see if I get this right. Its full name is iPTF14hls. Is that right?","That's right. I apologize for that. We don't have a better name.","I was about to say not very snappy. But it stayed bright for almost three years. Describe what you've observed."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  you imply that something is the case","questions":"Which word does turn 3 imply?","answer":"Imply"}
{"text":["All right. Just quick hit. If you had one thing that you wanted the administration to accomplish with technology in its first term - if there's more than one, but you know - what's your one fantasy, quickly?","Oh, my gosh. Oh, gosh, Farai one?You're putting me on the spot?I would have to probably say stem education - Science, Technology, Engineering and Math education. If they could funnel more money into our teachers and into our kids becoming the future engineers and scientists, then the innovation will take care of itself.","All right, Mario. Great. Thank you.","Thank you, Farai."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The question caught A off guard, but they believe that improving STEM education is crucial for technological advancement in the future.","questions":"How did PersonA feel about the question asked by B?","answer":"Caught"}
{"text":["We have - what we've done is we have our reporters strategically placed in such a way that they are as safe as we could expect under the circumstances. We're certainly not going to ask them to do anything that's foolish. They're embedded with authorities at different places and so they're, you know, following the instructions of the emergency personnel that they are with.","When you say that 90 percent of the people have left the area, 10 percent haven't. Who's staying behind after the devastation of three years ago and why?","Some of the people who stayed behind or have said they're staying behind we've spoken to, are just very stubborn people who have said that they're not leaving, that they didn't have to leave for the other storms and that they're not leaving for this one. I've spoken with a few of them.","John DeSantos, city editor for the Daily Comet from Thibodeaux, Louisiana."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Reporters are in dangerous situations but being cautious","questions":"How are the reporters placed?","answer":"Strategically"}
{"text":["Well, the overall energy source for all of this is that big ball that we see every day, the sun.","Oh, that thing.","Yeah, that thing.","But the sun is moderately variable. And every now and then, it'll send out an extra stream, a strong stream of particles that we call the solar wind. And that when that comes along and encounters our planet, we have a magnetic field, and so that acts as sort of a barrier, but it still puts energy in. And when all that energy comes in, it goes into these particles. And then this is one of the mechanisms whereby things get transferred into the very high-energy particles that make the radiation belts."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B is being sarcastic and dismissive about the sun.","questions":"How did PersonB respond to PersonA's statement about the sun?","answer":"Dismissive"}
{"text":["Yes. (Laughter). I suppose you're right. I mean, that may follow. But I. . .","(Laughter).",". . . Wanted to explore a masculine archetype. And that's what Daddy is. He is larger than life. He's almost too big to exist. He's straight out of mythology. He's very strong and reassuring, and he sticks by his children, et cetera. But he's also - you know, he's got this troubled streak. This sort of - this violence in him. He's entirely defined by his body, his physicality, his strength. And Cathy arrived, saying, actually, what happens when these ideals are instilled in someone who doesn't inhabit the right physicality?Or she's somebody who has a very similar temperament to her father, but she doesn't have his strength. And she's a girl. And how does she stitch together those dual identities?","Yeah. There is - not to give too much away, but there's an act of violence in the book in which a woman takes a man's life. She sees it as her only way to survive. And I have to ask if recent events and recent debates and soul searching we've had in both our countries makes the scene even more telling."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : he literal meaning is that the speaker agrees with something and acknowledges that the other person is correct, and they both laugh.","questions":"What emotion is expressed in turn 1?","answer":"Laughter"}
{"text":["But instead the executives went in with the don't-tell-us-what-to-do approach, and they overplayed their hand. And this has happened before in the EU with the massive privacy law and billion-dollar fines. It's clear Europe is giving big tech a smackdown. And Google, whose motto used to be, don't be evil, might consider a new motto - play nice.","So what do these new rules mean for, say, artists, for creators?How helpful is all of this to them?","Well, there could be a fascinating rift here. Last summer, Sir Paul McCartney from the Beatles - OK?- he wrote an open letter to the European Parliament. He said, music and culture matter. They don't just happen. The companies exploit artists' work. And he wanted the law overhauled. But he's a big-time artist with lawyers who can produce copyright documents - right?- and negotiate agreements with Google.","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is subtly trying to convey a sense of urgency or importance in the matter being discussed, without explicitly stating it.","questions":"Which speaker is trying to convey a sense of urgency or importance in the matter being discussed?","answer":"Speaker"}
{"text":["Yeah.","You know, so, yeah, I think that there are people who really enjoy - just like it's sort of a niche market that people like the Winter Olympics. But largely, I think a lot of people who couldn't tell, you know, an Olympic torch from, you know, a fire extinguisher are waiting to find out if - can we wrest the gold medal back in basketball?","Why do you think that is?I remember watching the Olympics growing up, you know, and as a young man, I mean, it was big, big deal. You wanted to watch all of it. That's how you learned about other sports that you didn't even know anything about was through watching the Olympics. But it seems of late that it's lost some of that. I don't know if it's because of the doping scandals and Marion Jones and others. Why do you think that our interest has changed?","That's a great question. But I think it's - what's happening in entertainment in general is that there's just so much on our palette. There are so much to choose from and to watch. You know, when we were kids, you know, back in oh-hundreds, you know?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is reflecting on the declining interest in Olympics and questioning the reasons behind it.","questions":"How is the speaker in turn 2 feeling about the declining interest in Olympics?","answer":"Questioning"}
{"text":["Another effort to repeal the Affordable Care Act gained steam last night. A federal judge in Texas ruled that the law is unconstitutional. We're joined now by NPR's health policy correspondent, Alison Kodjak. Alison, thanks so much for coming in.","Thanks for having me, Scott.","This decision was received last night. What's it say?","Well, it's a pretty sweeping decision, actually. This judge ruled that the entire Affordable Care Act, which famously ran more than a thousand pages long, was unconstitutional. The case was brought by 18 Republican attorneys general, and it was led by Texas AG Ken Paxton."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The Affordable Care Act is being challenged by Republicans.","questions":"How was the Affordable Care Act challenged?","answer":"ruled"}
{"text":["Do you think the Trump administration has achieved that with this action?I mean, do you see them as having a coherent strategy in your view to bring Assad to the table?","No, I don't, and that's the problem. So the strikes were successful in the sense that we follow through on our word. But what now?There doesn't seem to be an answer to some of these larger questions that we were just discussing. Like, where do we go from here?What is our end goal in Syria?What are we doing about the humanitarian situation?Are we going to accept more refugees, or are we going to try to allow people to go back into their homes?Are we going to push for another political - a round of political talks like the ones we had in Geneva or not?These are some of the big questions that I think the administration should be thinking about right now and should be planning for rather than focusing just on the use of chemical weapons and the immediate reaction to that.","Jasmine El-Gamal is a senior fellow at the Atlantic Council, and she joined us from Beirut. Thank you so very much.","Thanks, Lulu."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The administration should be planning for the future and not just focusing on immediate reactions","questions":"Which problem is PersonA referring to?","answer":"Lack"}
{"text":["That's even better than the Dwight Clark catch in the - with San Francisco 49ers.","Yeah. Yeah. Oh, yeah. Absolutely. I mean, you know, last year you had, you know, (unintelligible) catching, you had the miracle catch you know by a throw. . .","By David Tyree. But that was kind of a weird that was - the helmet catch, you're talking about.","The helmet catch (laughing). But this was just - I mean, it was perfect, Tony. It was perfect form, the toes and - had it been a millisecond higher, he wouldn't have been able to get anything down. I just think that from Roswell Berger's(ph) throw and hosing the ball, the extra tenth of a second, it - right now that's the most perfect ending play in Super Bowl history."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The ball that was thrown was caught and it could only have been a miracle due to how and when in the game it was thrown.","questions":"How was the ball caught in the game?","answer":"Miracle"}
{"text":["Now it's, I should say this is a demonstration, it's not, you know, there is an actual kill that takes place in the video, but it's not a real kill, it's a demo kill. But what the system that they are playing or working on actually is designed to do and will do when it is deployed is to hunt, and if necessary kill, real targets. It fires missiles, it drops bombs, you can hear the guy talking about the weapons that he has available on one of his drones.","And they didn't just make it feel like a video game, they figured out that there's a sort of a feedback loop that was a problem for the operators, they couldn't kind of sense what was happening. And they hired video gamers to redesign their system for them.","Yeah, they hired real game developers. Because, you know, when you compared what people in the military were using to operate drones to what the latest Xbox or PlayStation system looked like, I mean the screens on this wrap around you so you feel as though you were there. One of the executives Raytheon describes it as projecting your mind into a place where you want it.","You write about watching this demonstration video with your seven year old kind of standing behind you watching this screen, and he gets it right away and he kind of likes it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"the screens on this wrap around you so you feel as though you were there\" - The literal meaning is that the screens wrap around the user to create a sense of immersion. The implied meaning is that the user can feel as though they are actually present in the location where the drone is operating.","questions":"Which sense does the user get from the screens?","answer":"Immersion"}
{"text":["Add to the troubled auto industry a rise in unemployment. Weekly jobless claims benefits are at 16-year high. Wall Street isn't happy either. The Dow Jones Index plummeted below 8,000 yesterday.","To find out how advertising agencies are dealing with the current economic climate, we are joined now by Romi Mahajan. He's the chief marketing officer for the digital ad agency called Ascentium. They manage marketing campaigns for big, big companies, including Microsoft, Nintendo, and AT&T. Welcome to the program, Romi.","Thank you very much, Alex.","Yesterday, General Motors announced that it would review its contracts with ad agencies to see whether or not they should even be renewed. Let's say you were working on a car company advertising campaign. What should they do to actually get American consumers to buy cars?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The auto industry is experiencing trouble and unemployment is rising. The Dow Jones Index's drop below 8,000 has Wall Street concerned","questions":"Which index plummeted below 8,000 yesterday?","answer":"Jones"}
{"text":["Members of the Writers Guild of America are back at work today. The three-month labor dispute with Hollywood producers was put to rest last night. Members voted overwhelmingly to end the strike. The dispute centered on what writers should be paid for work distributed over the Internet. So did the writers get what they wanted?That's the question we pose now to Larry Wilmore. He's a member of the WGA's negotiating committee. He's a long-time television writer and producer, also the senior black correspondent for Comedy Central's \"The Daily Show with Jon Stewart. \"He's a clip of Larry on \"The Daily Show\" before the strike:","American blacks love African art, African clothes, African music. We're just not that crazy about Africans.","Frankly, they kind of overdo it, you know?So for blacks to support Obama, he's got to make up his mind. Is he African or American?Because he can't be both. That doesn't make sense.","You were so wrong, Larry. How are you doing?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"Frankly, they kind of overdo it, you know? So for blacks to support Obama, he's got to make up his mind. Is he African or American? Because he can't be both. That doesn't make sense.\" The literal meaning of this turn is that Obama cannot be both African and American, and that it is difficult for black people to support him. However, the actual meaning is that there is a sense of confusion and identity crisis regarding Obama's background, and that this confusion affects how some black people feel about him.","questions":"How did Larry feel about blacks supporting Obama?","answer":"Confusion"}
{"text":["It doesn't want to concede to American pressure because it fears that if it concedes under pressure, that's going to project weakness and invite even more pressure. And so for that reason, you've seen, rather than Iran capitulating or compromising, they've begun escalating. But I think the endgame for both sides is - there's really no alternative to coming back to the negotiating table.","And there has been a string of headlines from the region involving Iran in recent weeks. This incident with the British tanker, of course, comes right after the U. S.  says it brought down an Iranian drone. Of course, Iran disputes that version of events. How connected are these events?","They're all interconnected. And essentially, the Trump administration's policy toward Iran has been to subject Iran to significant economic pressure and sanctions in the hopes that either Iran will come to the negotiating table and capitulate over its nuclear program or - I think there's some folks in the Trump administration, like national security adviser John Bolton, who would like to see the implosion of the Iranian regime.","And what Iran has done in response - Iran's supreme leader has been ruling for 30 years, and he's become pretty adept at these escalatory cycles. And he's adept at waving both the white flag of diplomacy and the black flag of radicalism and escalation. So on one hand, he sent his chief diplomat - Iranian Foreign Minister Javad Zarif - he was recently in New York City, and he met with a lot of Western journalists. And he was talking about Iran wanting to pursue dialogue and diplomacy."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : There are no actual flags, the leader is adept at diplomacy and attacking others.","questions":"How is the Iranian leader skilled at both diplomacy and what?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["Hey, Lulu.","So, Gene, let's start by looking at the money involved in big-time college sports. You looked specifically at the Power Five.","Yup, the Power Five conferences - the SEC, the Big Ten, the Big 12, the Pac-12, and the ACC. They win all the trophies, and they make all the money. According to ESPN, in 2015, they made $6 billion.","Six billion?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The Power Five conferences dominate college sports and generate significant revenue.","questions":"What is the total revenue generated by the Power Five conferences according to ESPN in 2015?","answer":"Revenue"}
{"text":["Can I ask you just when you wrote this thread, what prompted it?What was the moment that sort of made you think, this is something I need to write right now?","I live in - I jokingly refer to it as the wilds of Connecticut, and there's nothing wild about it. But I live in the woods about 10 miles away from Sandy Hook. And when that incident happened, my daughter was in elementary school. My son was in middle school. The schools went into lockdown. I think I became radicalized on that day against gun violence. Every time one of these events happens, it affects me really deeply.","And so I found myself on the kitchen floor. My daughter wanted help with her homework, and I was sort of tweeting as she was reading me an essay she was writing. But it - I just felt like I needed to try to say these things in the best way that I knew how in that moment. And I - you know, there was no real forethought to it. It was just a kind of expression of deep, deep sadness.","Michael Ian Black is a comedian, actor and writer. Thank you so much for joining us."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The Sandy Hook shooting radicalized A against gun violence.","questions":"What incident caused PersonA to become radicalized against gun violence?","answer":"Sandy"}
{"text":["Give us a call, our number 1-800-989-8255. You can also tweet us @scifri. Gerald Crabtree is the David Korn Professor of Pathology and Developmental Biology at Stanford School of Medicine. He's also an investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY.","Good morning, Ira.","Good morning to you. What evidence do you cite?What evidence is there that human intelligence is slowly declining?","Well, you know, there are a few things I'd like to say I guess at the onset, and you referred to them in your introduction, and that is any genetically based decay in intelligence is extremely slow. And so we should never be able to detect it by comparisons to people within generations existing right now on the Earth."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"What evidence do you cite? What evidence is there that human intelligence is slowly declining?\"","questions":"What is the profession of Gerald Crabtree?","answer":"Pathology"}
{"text":["As I don't have to tell you, because you helped negotiate the Paris Agreement, the United States pulled out more than a couple of years ago.","Well, actually, the United States can legally not pull out until November of next year. We, of course, certainly expect them to do so.","Be that as it may, what can be accomplished - how much does U. S.  withdrawal hurt?","Well, you know, the fact is that what you call a U. S.  withdrawal I call a national government withdrawal. I call it a White House withdrawal. It does not represent 100% of the U. S.  economy. Sixty percent of the U. S.  economy represented by many corporations, by many states and certainly by many financial institutions continue to decarbonize because they understand it is for their own good. It is for the strength of their economy and for commercial profitability in the case of corporations. The fact is that if the United States, as a central government, wants to leave the climate agreement and not continue the policies and the incentives for decarbonization, they're shooting themselves in the foot because other countries such as China, certainly, and perhaps even India are taking advantage of that vacuum and moving in."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The United States stopped abiding by the terms of the agreement.","questions":"How did the United States deviate from the Paris Agreement?","answer":"Notyet"}
{"text":["It was absolute - you're absolutely correct. Our time is out, but I'm going to ask you about this before I let you go. Talking about perfect performances, two people strolled in to New York's Madison Square Garden and lit up the Knicks back to back, Kobe Bryant 61 on one night and LeBron James, I think, it was 52 the next night and a triple double.","All I can say is thank god for the Knicks.","And, you know what?And the Knicks are even actually better than they were before and then they still let people come in there and just spank them like crazy.","That's what we do."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : thank god for the Knicks impling the Knicks made it possible to happen... ","questions":"How did the Knicks contribute to the performances of Kobe Bryant and LeBron James?","answer":"Contributed"}
{"text":["There were some in the immediate crowd, Scott, who were smiling. But the president chose to make his tour of the damage in a rather affluent area where the damage was not so severe. Elsewhere on the island, these remarks seemed surreal. Plus, there was his rather cavalier comment about Puerto Rico's debt crisis, which is quite severe and which he dismissed and said, well, that's gone. That's gone. That's gone. Well, the next day, the president's budget director had to walk that back and say we shouldn't take that word for word. And all of this gave the impression that the president wasn't taking Puerto Rico as seriously as he did the hurricane disasters in Texas and Florida.","Did he leave a different impression the next day in Las Vegas?","You know, he did, and very much so. Whether it was recompense or whether the Vegas shooting just got to him on another level, one of his most authentic moments, really, of apparent empathy since he took office.","We're getting a tweet from president - from President Trump. Or we're not getting it. But he's tweeted, I called Chuck Schumer yesterday to see if the Dems would do a great health care bill. Obamacare is badly broken, big premiums. Who knows?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The actual meaning different from the literal meaning is:  \"We're getting a tweet from President Trump... But he's tweeted, I called Chuck Schumer yesterday to see if the Dems would do a great health care bill. Obamacare is badly broken, big premiums. Who knows?\"  The literal meaning of this statement is that President Trump tweeted about calling Chuck Schumer and his concerns about the broken state of Obamacare. However, the implied meaning is that the president's use of Twitter to discuss important matters like healthcare policy is unorthodox and lacks the seriousness or deliberation that is typically expected in political discourse.","questions":"What is the actual meaning of President Trump's tweet according to the statement?","answer":"Tweet"}
{"text":["This is WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. I'm Scott Simon. Spies try to protect America from its enemies, but does that mean spying on friends too?The steady drip of intelligence leaks from former NSA contractor Edward Snowden continues with the revelations that the National Security Agency tapped the mobile phone of German Chancellor Angela Merkel. The Guardian newspaper broke the story this week and also reported that the U. S.  spy agency intercepted 70 million phone calls and text messages in France. Now, the response from Germany and France has been swift, and as you might imagine, sharp. Laurent Fabius, the French foreign minister, called the spying shocking and unacceptable. He told Le Monde: We cooperate in the useful way in the fight against terrorism but that does not justify everything. P. J. Crowley is a former U. S.  assistant secretary of state for public affairs. He joins us in our studios. Thanks so much for being with us.","P. J. CROWLEY: Pleasure to be here, Scott.","Are Germany and France shocked, shocked like in Casablanca, or are they truly surprised?","There's scambling(ph) going on here, yes. I mean, Europeans have a different view of privacy than Americans do. So, I think there is a difference of attitude or perspective on this. That said, I don't think it should shock anyone that governments spy on each other.","Well, but these are allies."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Are Germany and France shocked, shocked like in Casablanca, or are they truly surprised?\" - The speaker is not asking if Germany and France are literally experiencing the same shock as the characters in the movie Casablanca. Instead, the speaker is using a rhetorical device to question the genuineness of their shock or surprise.","questions":"Which rhetorical device is the speaker using in turn 2?","answer":"Rhetorical"}
{"text":["Just quickly, what about men?","Men. Well men, we tend to focus more on outcomes and process. And so we kind of, you know, focus almost exclusively on the outcomes. We tend to like win-lose scenarios, as opposed to negotiating for win-win. And then, men, we tend to be command and control leaders, where as women can be more inclusive and interactive. And so we really have to work on those traits.","Has anyone ever given you static for trying to do the Mars-Venus thing, about how you see men and women?","Well, because it's really my opinion, and they typically let me have that opinion. But again, it's really a broad statement, so I'm not saying all men or all women, but just as a rule, they're some observations that I've had over the years."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Men tend to focus only on outcomes, prefer win-lose scenarios and have commanding leadership style, unlike women who are more inclusive and interactive","questions":"What traits of men's leadership style does PersonA highlight in the dialogue?","answer":"commanding"}
{"text":["Not the algorithm?","Not the algorithm. He gets a little credit at the bottom.","How much of what I read every day in the L. A.  Times is written by an algorithm?","Well, the only places we really use it is for, you know, earthquakes, and just the initial reports, and if you are a reader of our homicide report, which tracks every homicide back since 2007, anything that we couldn't get further information on, that we just have basic details on, gets templatized into a robo-post as well."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1), when B says \"Not the algorithm?\" the actual meaning is not just a question about whether or not the algorithm is involved, but also a suggestion that the algorithm may not be the best solution or may have negative consequences.","questions":"How does PersonB's question about the L.A. Times relate to their implied negative opinion about the algorithm?","answer":"Suggestion"}
{"text":["And I was like, ooh, that's catchy. And I was like, uh oh. Song time. And I put my sandwich down, ran to my little studio and just got to work.","\"Jaime\" is a really personal record. It's named for the older sister Brittany adored, the sister who taught her how to play the piano and write poems. Jaime died of cancer when the girls were still kids.","What was she like?","First thing I picture are her nails."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : First thing that he sees in his mind about her is her nails.","questions":"Which feature of Jaime does PersonB first recall?","answer":"Feature"}
{"text":["And this could sound obvious, and this could sound like a no-brainer. But the reality in Mexico is that whenever a journalist is killed, investigators - their first reaction is to always try to find a motive that is not related to journalistic work. So they find any other motive - economic motive or maybe a passion motive, anything except journalistic work because they don't want to admit that they have a problem of press freedom in their hands. But I think in this case it is really obvious why Javier Valdez was killed.","Yeah. This is going to sound naive. But why do you think it's important to do stories like that?I mean, drug cartels - people often prefer just to look the other way - don't they?","Well, yes. But if you don't report on them, then nobody else will. And it is not just the stories about the drug cartels. It is the stories about the consequences that they are unleashing in Mexican public life in every level. I live in a city that, for years, was the turf in a turf war between two drug cartels. And the effects of the violence that they unleashed was devastating for the city because investment never came in. Jobs were not created. Nightlife shut down. People stopped going out on the street. We all started to distrust from one another. Neighborhoods began putting up gates and fences, and so it was really disruptive.","Your newspaper was attacked, wasn't it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"people often prefer just to look the other way\" - the literal meaning is to physically look in another direction, but the actual meaning is to ignore or avoid confronting a difficult or uncomfortable situation.","questions":"How do people often react to difficult or uncomfortable situations according to Turn 1?","answer":"Ignore"}
{"text":["So alphabetically, Jeb Bush, Ben Carson, Hillary Clinton, Martin O'Malley, Bernie Sanders, who'd you like?","You know, I liked the fact that they all came. The important thing for the Urban League was that each of these five candidates accepted our invitation, came, and I think offered a serious perspective from their own point of view. They came in here. They talked about race. They talked about economics. They talked about the criminal justice system. They talked about cities. These issues don't get discussed on the main stage in many, many political debates and discussions. And so why we wanted them here, so they could talk about equality, talk about opportunity, develop those ideas in a way that will not, and - or, I should say, historically has not happened in this campaign up until this point.","Mr.  Morial, another unarmed black man was killed by an officer in Cincinnati. I wonder if you have some ideas you want to bring to our attention about how to try to repair a shattered relationship between black citizens and police.","It's an American tragedy of untold proportions, particularly as we've seen it play out in the last two years. Our ten-point justice plan recommended that body cameras and dash cameras be mandatory for all law enforcement all the way across the country. But we also believe that more must be done when it comes to police officer hiring, police officer training, and police officer accountability. The community wants to and must trust its police if they're going to be allies is in what we all want, and that is safer communities."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The Urban League was interested in how the candidates would address issues of race, economics, criminal justice, and cities. ","questions":"What topics did the Urban League want the candidates to address during their visit?","answer":"Race,Economics,Criminal,Justice,Cities"}
{"text":["It's very different, obviously, from normal public sculpture. I have to use materials which obviously don't pollute in any way, that are friendly to the marine life. They're also durable. The idea, especially with a lot of the tropical pieces that make artificial reefs, is that they're going to be around for a very long time. Obviously corals, you know, can - hard corals can take ages to really get established.","Do the elements always behave as you would like them to?Is that a real challenge?","It works in both ways. I mean, obviously they're all designed to change and evolve in the ecosystem where they're placed. And sometimes that provides spectacular results. You know, we get sort of pink and purple corals and sponges and all these amazing things growing on them and morphing them. And that only adds to them. They really sort of then become alive. But also you're in this really kind of difficult environment. You're in the sea. So in tropical areas, you get big hurricanes, you get the surges of waves. And so with that in mind, you know, I really have to sort of program them then so they're fixed. And that can be a challenge.","I wonder, is part of the appeal you want to make to people with these installations, you have to work a little to see them?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) implies that part of the appeal of the installations is that people have to work to see them, rather than them being immediately visible.","questions":"What is part of the appeal of the installations according to turn 3?","answer":"Visibility"}
{"text":["There are over 2,800 official emojis. You know those little icons you use to spice up your texts - a cow, a doughnut, a queen, and my personal favorite, the eye roll. The Unicode Consortium, the nonprofit that oversees emojis - yes, there is such a thing - has been criticized for its lack of diversity and inclusivity when it comes to LGBTQ or religious expression. And now they're under fire for one more - the afro. That's right. Of the more than 15 hairstyles offered in emoji form, not one is an afro. Rhianna Jones wants to change that. She's a freelance writer based in New York. And she joins me now from our studios there.","Rhianna, welcome.","Hi, Lulu. Thank you so much for having me.","It is an absolute pleasure to have you. Let's talk through this. There's already been some diversity in the emoji world. We have different skin tones included in emoji form. But why do you think an afro should be included too?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The phrase, \"under fire\", implies that criticism has been levelled at the Unicode Consortium for the lack of an emoji with an afro hairstyle..","questions":"Which feature of the Unicode Consortium has been criticized for lack of inclusivity in hairstyles?","answer":"Hairstyles"}
{"text":["Well, the information we're getting, as you said, comes from the UAW. Specifically, it comes from UAW Vice President Terry Dittes, who's been offering up some occasional updates to UAW members. And on Friday, Terry Dittes sent out a letter saying they had made good progress in the talks, and that was a great sign. You know, the strike has dragged on for three weeks, going on the fourth week now. And this was one of the first signs that there had been progress.","But by Sunday, that had completely changed, and Terry Dittes said this time that, in fact, they had taken a step back, and the union could not be more disappointed in GM, and what he explained happened was that there was an offer on the table. UAW responded, made its counter offer, taking into account a bunch of things. And what Terry Dittes said is, on Sunday morning, when GM responded to that latest offer, GM basically didn't respond at all. It just reiterated its previous offer and didn't address anything that the UAW had brought up.","So they seem to be at a stalemate. It seems like things are not going well right now.","OK. So we have the union's version, maybe a little bit less from GM's side. But in any case, no doubt that they don't have a deal and people are still on strike. So what have you seen and heard when you go out and talk to workers?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The talks had gotten worse as they were returning to what they had spoken of before. Offers were made and rejected. The table is just a metaphor for the two sides talking to one another.","questions":"What was the table in the dialogue?","answer":"Metaphor"}
{"text":["As it stands now, it's getting bigger and better, and I am very hopeful that it would stay that way. At the same token, I know that it takes a smart business person to run a successful business. So it's all about how you position yourself. I'm continuously networking, and meeting with people, and developing relationships with some very prominent people. So therefore, business is prospering, and I will continue to do that.","But it would seem to me - and perhaps you can offer some clarification on this point - that there are a lot of people who are in business such as yourself, who are good at what they do, who are conscientious, who are working hard and yet who find themselves, for whatever reasons, not doing and not being as successful as they would like. And there must be something that separates you from them besides, perhaps, your business plan and your enthusiasm. Is that realistic?","That is very realistic. I mean, I think that goes with any position. You have singers, actors, and a lot of them have been in the business for years and have never made it, if you will, because certain people have it and certain people don't. You either have a drive and a knack for really connecting with people and making some things happen for yourself. Or you can be as talented as the next person, but you may never go anywhere with that talent if you don't have the right connections, the right personality and the right know-how.","You said that you've lived near the Obamas in Chicago, in the High Park area, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Having the right connections, personality and know-how is essential for success.","questions":"Which three factors are essential for success according to A?","answer":"Connections"}
{"text":["Well, I mean, he has been followed by the Secret Service for all these years pretty much every time he goes out. But I think that's not a good use of Secret Service agents. And also, you know, here are some other questions - he's going to be staying in his mother's house, who's 89 years old. Is she going to be the one who's making him take his meds every day?Is there a gun in the house?I mean, I've never heard answers to any of these questions. And what happens when she dies?I mean, his brothers and sister have said they can then take over his care, but he could never slip away from them?Like I said, I think he's a very devious man and I think he's proven that.","Patti Davis, an author, most recently of the book \"The Wit And Wisdom Of Gracie. \"She joins us from NPR West.","Patti, thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The turn whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning is (4): \"A: Thank you.\"  The literal meaning of \"Thank you\" is an expression of gratitude or appreciation. However, in this context, it is likely used as a polite way to end the conversation or acknowledge the host's farewell. In other words, it implies that the speaker is ready to end the conversation and move on.","questions":"How is \"Thank you\" used in this context?","answer":"Polite"}
{"text":["In fact, no. My impression is that the fact that these asylum seekers and the poor conditions in which they lived became public, this is shameful and disgraceful for Hong Kong. And that is what makes them a target.","They're trying to get to Canada. And their association with Snowden may be creating problems there?","It's certainly possible. We completed all of their applications and requested urgent treatment because of their vulnerability in Hong Kong months ago. They initially told us that they were expediting the files. And then two months later, they said that they were not expediting the files. But they didn't say why. And this is why we've decided to go before the court to force the government to meet its commitment - one that our clients relied upon. And now they're at the 11th hour facing imminent detention and eventual inevitable deportation, and Canada is the last hope.","And what is your best guess as to what has prompted what seems like a change of heart on Canada's part?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : that the asylum seekers may be facing problems in their attempt to get to Canada, due to their association with Snowden.","questions":"How are the asylum seekers' chances affected?","answer":"Snowden"}
{"text":["So I work in merchandising strategy at Tiffany jewelry company.","Have you spoken to your bosses about what may happen in March if your DACA authorization expires?And you're a manager, too. What are you telling your employees?","So at this point, not everyone on the staff is familiar or knows what my status is just because we don't think it's necessary until we finally get to the point where I'll no longer be able to work here. So my management team - they're extremely supportive. And they're watching the news just like I am. So, you know, when it gets closer to March, I'll have to have a discussion with the team that I have out here. But at this point, we're all just hoping and praying that something changes, that we do get a DREAM Act, that we don't have to deal with this because, you know, there's a potential that I just won't have a job after March 22.","Tolu Aleshinloye is a DACA recipient in Miami. Thank you very much for joining us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A's job may be at risk due to the expiration of their DACA status, and they are hoping for a DREAM Act to be passed.","questions":"How is PersonA feeling about their job security?","answer":"Anxious"}
{"text":["Yeah.",". . . Calmer feeling inside your kitchens. Why?","Right. That's part of what I learned not to do from Todd is to scream and to not pay them. And a lot of that was what I had to go through. I had to beg for my paycheck, or - I think I was making $6 an hour from him. So I felt I would succeed if I treat people with dignity and teach them the tools to succeed - not that I really knew right away when I had only one restaurant - but to be part of a team instead of a head chef and a screamer. I wanted it to feel like we're all in this together - from the reservationist, to the dishwasher, to the line cooks, to myself - that we are one chef, and we - I need them to succeed. So that's how I worked in my kitchens.","Why do you think it's still so hard for women to break into this business?","It isn't hard to break into it. It's up to women to want to do it. I think a lot of women look at the hours and the lifestyle, and then they think family or children. But I think it's fabulous to have your children involved in the restaurant industry. I mean, it's changed a lot. And - I mean, it's not - it's about what women want to do, and don't give up. I think that's really - I just put my head down, and I knew what I wanted, and I went for it. And yeah, there's struggle, but there's struggles in every job."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : The literal meaning suggests that breaking into the restaurant business is not difficult for women. However, the actual meaning is that women need to have the desire and motivation to pursue a career in the industry.","questions":"How does the actual meaning of turn 4 differ from its literal meaning?","answer":"Motivation"}
{"text":["This is WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. I'm Scott Simon. This week, new reporting revealed that the electronic communication we may think is private is actually not. That includes everything from our medical records to banking information. The National Security Agency has been able to crack encryption technology, giving the government access to the private details that we type into encrypted websites. Now, we know this because of documents released by the former NSA contractor Edward Snowden. These documents resulted in a story that was published simultaneously in yesterday's New York Times, the Guardian, and on the website of the nonprofit news organization ProPublica. They did so despite the objections of intelligence agencies. Jeff Larson of ProPublica co-authored the article and he spoke to us from New York. And we began by asking him whether he knows how many of these encrypted sites have been cracked.","We don't actually know exactly what the NSA and GCHQ have cracked. They. . .","GCHQ is the British equivalent of the NSA.","Right. Yes. They protect this information with a special classification level. We can only sort of infer by the fact that they say that they've cracked vast amounts of encrypted communications traveling over the wire."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The sites were not actually cracked but were opened by unauthorized people.","questions":"What was the reason for the story's publication?","answer":"theft"}
{"text":["I'm Farai Chideya and this is News & Notes. Staycation. It's one of those newfangled words that's caught on fast. A vacation is when you vacate. You take off, you stay in a hotel, or camp out, or see the sights. A staycation is - well, you got it. With soaring gas prices and plane tickets, this was supposed to be the summer of staying at home. But was that prediction off the mark?If you're thinking about traveling soon or for the winter holidays, what should you keep in mind?With us to talk about both of those issues we've got Madeline Nunn, senior travel agent with the Richmond, Virginia, branch of the American Automobile Association, or Triple-A. Hi, Madeline.","How are you?","I'm great. So, back in May, a Rand McNally survey found that two-thirds of Americans planning road trips this summer said they would shorten their trips or cancel them all together. Summer is wrapping up, so what actually panned out?","Well, actually, the staycation thing is sort of a myth, so to speak, because Americans are traveling. They're traveling because they are hard-working and they need the rest and the revitalization. They need this vacation. So, what we're finding is that they're not staying home, per se. Some are just staying a little closer to home. And sometimes they're limiting the length of time that they may take for this vacation."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Contrary to the prediction, many Americans did not cancel their summer road trips","questions":"Which prediction was off the mark?","answer":"Staycation"}
{"text":["Believe me, I was - I just went into a state of shock. Yeah, it was one of those things. I mean, I guess some people's imaginations run towards good fortune all the time, but I'm sort of the kid who's always sort of preparing myself for the apocalypse. So when something good happens, it's more extraordinary even than normal.","Yeah, do you know who nominated you, by the way?","Oh hell no, and whoever did kept their secret because I had no clue.","Oh, you won't find that out. That's so interesting because I think you'd want to go and thank them."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The person who nominated A did not reveal themselves intentionally.","questions":"How did the nominator keep their identity a secret?","answer":"Intentionally"}
{"text":["On Boylston Street. That's right.","And how close to the finish line are we talking about?","I believe it's just about a block and a half. But I don't have that right in front of me. I believe it's about a block and a half.","OK.  And we're obviously going to bring more details of - from ALL THINGS CONSIDERED. I imagine your phone is ringing off the hook as you try to get more details as well. So Tovia Smith, anything - last word to leave with us on what we know about what happened in Boston?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A is not actually answering the question directly","questions":"How is PersonA responding to PersonB's question in turn 1?","answer":"Avoiding"}
{"text":["So you'll get Canadian players who've changed planes in Jamaica?","Canadian and American players, the European players. As long as they've got family ties to Jamaica, they can gain citizenship. We'll build our team around those guys, and then start adding Jamaicans as they become better at the game.","It sounds like it's less that you're trying to put together a Jamaican national hockey team so much as you're trying to make hockey a sport in Jamaica.","Well, yeah. We want to make it - we want to give the kids and the people in that country other options. You know, I've got relatives down there now. And if you want to be educated in Jamaica, there's basically three ways - you can be wealthy and pay for school, you can have relatives who can help you by sending you money or you can be able to run really, really fast and get a scholarship. So hockey will be another opportunity, as well as other sports like soccer, basketball and other sports we can bring down there."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : 1):  B: So you'll get Canadian players who've changed planes in Jamaica?  The literal meaning of this turn is that B is asking whether Canadian players who have changed planes in Jamaica will be recruited for the Jamaican national hockey team. However, the implied meaning is that B is skeptical about the feasibility of recruiting Canadian players who have only briefly passed through Jamaica, as opposed to those with stronger ties to the country.","questions":"What is PersonB skeptical about in turn 0?","answer":"Feasibility"}
{"text":["Yeah, I think it's good. You know, I think it's a good thing. I mean, obviously you're not always going to hear what you want to hear, but you know, it's all part and parcel of growing up and you just kind of like taking things on board. Whether you, you know - it's really down to you whether you want to take a lot of what they say on board. But I actually enjoy reading it, and I don't expect every review to be glowing or anything like that. But I think it's important to kind of know what people feel, and think about your music out there.","(Singing)","In your eyes you'll always be the greatest Something to celebrate it","This is a little bit of a digression, but there are so many people who are African-Brits, or African-Americans, in the sense of having immigrated from Africa, or having parents who did. And I think that there's a moment in time, in the U. S.  in part, because you have a Barack Obama, where people are saying, Oh, well yeah, there's all these different flavors of blackness. How does that play into your work at all?","I don't really - I don't think I'm effected by that, as such, because I kind of am originally I - you know, I was born in Zambia, so I'm African first and foremost.","But you came over so young."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It's important to receive feedback even if it's not always positive.","questions":"How does PersonA feel about negative feedback?","answer":"Enjoy"}
{"text":["Yeah. This is, again, completely innovative. You know, part of the problem that we have with tall buildings is building them all out of glass and then having to go to gymnastics to kind of cover them up on the outside, and we see that in America. But in intense solar environments like the desert, it makes even less sense.","This is an innovative way to control this. It actually, to my knowledge, for the first time creates this skin on the outside made up of, you know, hundreds of modules, which can open and close by computer control, depending on the angle of incident sun. So if the sun's on the other side of the building, the modules open up and allow natural daylight into the space. And if the sun is incident on the building, then those modules close up and block the sun from entering.","Is what makes a tall building great the ability to actually look like it fits in with the rest of the buildings in the neighborhood or the culture of the people?","I believe so. That's - you know, as a professor, that's the thing that I advocate. I believe that a Chinese tall building or a, you know, an American tall building or a Middle Eastern tall building should be different to each other in the same way that, you know, religious and other architecture is clearly identifiable."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"having to go to gymnastics\" - This is a figurative expression that means going through great effort or difficulty to accomplish something, rather than literally going to a gymnastics class.","questions":"What is the problem with tall buildings in intense solar environments?","answer":"Effort"}
{"text":["Yeah. The deficit - you can think about that - that's just a gap between what the government spends and what it takes in. So if you outspend your paychecks a month, you might put the difference on your credit card. The government does the same. That's the deficit. The debt is like the accumulated credit card balance, the sum of all the deficits you've run in the previous months or years.","So the bigger that balance on the government's credit card, the more the government has to pay in interest costs. And that means it's got less money available to spend on everything else we want the government to do. What's more, if the government's borrowing a whole lot of money, that potentially means there's less money available for individuals and businesses that want to borrow. And that can have the effect of curbing economic growth. Economists call that the crowding out effect.","This was a huge issue for Republicans, and they seem now to have backed off of that.","Yeah. Some of the Republicans who used to sound the alarm about rising deficits during the Obama administration seem less concerned about that now. I'm not sure if that's because they've gotten some new economic theory. It may have more to do just with who's in charge. During the recession, we saw dire warnings about debt-to-GDP ratios. Those turned out not to be true. A better question might be, you know, what are we running up the debt for?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The deficit and debt are similar to a person overspending and accumulating credit card debt.","questions":"What analogy is being made between the deficit and debt and a person's financial situation?","answer":"Crowding"}
{"text":["North Korea is on the verge of a nuclear breakout. It has an arsenal estimated in the mid-teens. It's been assiduously testing ballistic missiles. It does have reach. It could target America's regional allies. The real inflection point here is that by 2020, they could have a hundred nuclear weapons instead of the mid-teens with long-range ballistic missiles that could reach the U. S.  homeland, which would make it a game-changer for the United States.","Well, how?","Well, it would allow them to directly target the United States. And that's a level of vulnerability we've never had from a state like North Korea. I mean, when I got into this business, I couldn't have conceived of a state like North Korea, essentially a failed state, having a nuclear arsenal approaching half the size of Great Britain's.","We're left with, really, three bad options - one - you know - bomb, negotiate or acquiesce. And the military option is so prohibitively costly it could lead to a catastrophic second Korean War. And when we can't - when we won't negotiate, we end up in that third box of acquiescing to the development of North Korean capabilities. And I believe there's a moment - a conjunction of factors that call for a pivot to serious diplomacy.","Well, what would that serious diplomacy look like?I mean, I - the United States would have to - what?- accept a. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) A: \"And I believe there's a moment - a conjunction of factors that call for a pivot to serious diplomacy.\" - The literal meaning would be that the speaker thinks it's time to switch to more serious diplomacy with North Korea. However, the implied meaning is that the speaker believes that the current situation with North Korea calls for a change in approach and a greater emphasis on diplomacy rather than military action or acquiescence to North Korea's nuclear capabilities.","questions":"How does the speaker suggest a change in approach towards North Korea?","answer":"Diplomacy"}
{"text":["So I think that the Barack Obama, of course, then has a political legitimacy that neither of those gentlemen had because he's a United States senator elected to represent a district and serve a quarter of people. And yet, he's a charismatic figure as well, creating a sense of movement among the millions who now acclaim him as the best thing that happened to American politics since Jack Kennedy.","So Barack Obama has claimed the unique space within the context of American political destiny and has joined the charismatic authority that attends black messianic figures who become leaders in black America, as well as the quest for political legitimacy that transcends black communities. Because he's not just representing black people; he's representing white people and Latino people, and Asian people. He's representing Americans. And so he's taking it to yet another level in pioneering an even different path than the one blazed by Martin Luther King Jr.  or Jessie Jackson and, to a certain degree, Al Sharpton.","Well, Michael Eric Dyson, thank you.","Thank you very kindly, Farai."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"creating a sense of movement among the millions who now acclaim him as the best thing that happened to American politics since Jack Kennedy.\" - This implies that Barack Obama has generated a significant amount of enthusiasm and support from a large number of people, which goes beyond his role as a senator and his political legitimacy.","questions":"What is the unique space that Barack Obama has claimed within the context of American political destiny?","answer":"Space"}
{"text":["Our hope is that the cessation of violence is imperative if there is to be some semblance of normalcy in the election. If this rate of violence continues, then certainly there is no way we can have a free and fair election. We are hoping that when the various delegations of observers start arriving, we may see a decline into these violent activities of the regime and these rogue elements.","You have worked now with MTV to do PSAs that call for a free and fair election. Why did you decide to work with MTV on this?","Well, you know that the background actually started as some form of informal contact, then it developed into a contact with Dispatch group. So Dispatch, which is a youthful band, staged this concert on Zimbabwe. And we are now - I was in New York, I had a meeting with them, and that's how our relationship has developed.","Do you think that global youth, people not just in Zimbabwe, but, you know, in all the different places around the world that, for example, might plug in to public service announcement like this, or just people who are young and are listening to music and, you know, going online for their news, do you think that they can help advocate for the free and fair elections in Zimbabwe?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : If the violence doesn't stop, the election won't be fair","questions":"What is imperative for normalcy in the election?","answer":"Cessation"}
{"text":["What are his legal and PR teams trying to achieve by releasing audio conversations or snippets of them with Donald trump and apparently claiming that Trump knew in advance of that Trump Tower meeting with a group of Russians?","Well, I have to say, Scott, I think that's pretty much a mystery to a lot of people. Most criminal defense lawyers and former prosecutors can't. . .",". . . That I've spoken to can't make sense of it. It's a very, very unusual situation.","We're getting some bad audio - either that or a Martian craft has landed over your shoulder, so you might want to take a look, in which case we really got a big story to work on."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Despite legal and PR efforts, it is difficult for experts to make sense of the situation","questions":"What is the challenge faced by criminal defense lawyers and former prosecutors in the situation?","answer":"Challenge"}
{"text":["And some news from the art world now. The secretive artist Banksy is known for the political street art he paints in cities around the world. On Friday night, one of his paintings of a small girl and a heart-shaped red balloon just out of reach went to auction at Sotheby's in London and sold for almost $1. 4 million. But the room and, presumably, the painting's anonymous buyer were in for a surprise. I asked New York magazine's art critic Jerry Saltz to explain.","As it was being sold, and the hammer went down over $1 million, suddenly, it started to rumble and buzz, and the canvas sort of disappeared down into the frame and came out beneath it shredded. It was fantastic.","What was the reaction?","Well, I think people were horrified, amazed, shocked. The market is such a kind of dumb organism. People in the market buy what other people in the market buy. And suddenly, one of the things they are buying changed. So he pranked them. Maybe it is only a prank, but, God, it felt good."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The market is not the organism but the people that buy and sell are the organism.","questions":"How did PersonA describe the market's behavior?","answer":"Dumb"}
{"text":["They have. About 40-plus have gone, probably as we talk, a number of them have left.","He's not considered a good candidate to lead the party to victory in a general election, I gather.","No, no, he's not. The leadership's come to him very late in life. He's a poor communicator. And that makes it very difficult to win over votes. He excites a section of Britain young people who will turn out in their thousands for his rallies and his meet and. . .","They feel the Bern.","They feel the Bern. The comparisons, again, you can see parallels between what is happening in Britain with what is happening in America. And they're not false. They're not invented.","Kevin Maguire of the Daily Mirror who joined us on Skype, thanks very much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 5 : The situation in Britain is similar to that in the United States, with many people showing support for the candidate.","questions":"How is the candidate viewed by young people in Britain?","answer":"support"}
{"text":["I just want to complete that thought. You said, it's going to be a combination of private investment and higher taxes?","Not necessarily because we have something that I think we need to do in any event, which is to remove the giant subsidies from the oil and gas companies. We need to repeal the majority of the Trump tax cuts, which went to the upper, you know, income brackets - rather than working people - and did not produce jobs. So simply having some reform like that is what makes sense.","There are people who would say, yes, let's do this, and I will do my part. But there are Republicans and some Democrats who would not be so keen on having to pay any kind of higher tax in order to offset the costs of these climate proposals. Can you tell us now that you would absolutely not ask the American taxpayer to pay some of the burden here?","Well, of course not. Nobody who is going to run for office can make any statement about the future like that, and they're responsible if they do. But what I can say is that the majority of the investment will be private, in part because it will be required. Much of our plan does not involve public investment directly. It is a requirement that the public utilities get off fossil fuels. It is a requirement that the auto industry provide cars for us that don't pollute anymore."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Removing subsidies from oil and gas companies and repealing tax cuts for the upper class will offset the cost of climate proposals.","questions":"How will the cost of climate proposals be offset?","answer":"Repeal"}
{"text":["Mike Dunleavy like, drained, I think, a dozen three-pointers, if I'm not mistaken.","At least, yeah. And the Blazers lost to Houston 121 to 116 in overtime - not to move on to Portland too quickly here. What's going on?Strange and spreading malady in these playoffs, Scott. Road teams are winning at a stunning rate. In the first week of the postseason, road teams won 12 of the 22 games. Now remember, teams are clawing for much of the regular season - clawing to win games in order to give them the home-court advantage in the playoffs.","The psychology of playing in front of your own cheering fans, the comfort and routine of home - it's supposed to make winning in the postseason more likely. So far, not the case.","And why not?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using a metaphor or analogy to convey a deeper meaning or idea, often related to emotions or personal experiences.","questions":"What kind of deeper meaning or idea might the speaker be trying to convey through the use of a metaphor or analogy?","answer":"Metaphor"}
{"text":[". . . Didn't make millions. I know he made a lot - who ran Bernie Sanders' campaign.","Yeah, I think it's a question of, you know, does money tempt you to do things that you might not otherwise do?","Well, you've been there. What do you say?","I like to think that you need to stay grounded, right?You need to stay grounded. You need to say to yourself, am I doing what matters to the country and our future?Or am I just thinking about just pure self-interest, the amount of money that I can amass for myself and my family?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : One should prioritize the country's future over personal gain.","questions":"Which aspect should one prioritize over personal gain?","answer":"Future"}
{"text":["Me, too.",". . . when they would have lunch every day.","Thank you for saying that, yes.","So how did they help each other?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  (2) The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker is curious to know what kind of help the two people provided each other with during their lunch time.","questions":"Which question did the speaker in turn 2 ask about the two people?","answer":"Assist"}
{"text":["And that leads you to conclude what about guns?","Well, they are extraordinarily dangerous implements, and they have their place and they're effective tools for what they're designed for. But right now we've got very powerful weapons with lots of capacity on our streets that frankly don't belong on our streets or in our forests. You know, defending yourself from somebody breaking into your home is one thing, but you don't need a long rifle with 30 rounds attached to it to do that. So, you know, certainly some other kind of handgun will defend you just fine from somebody breaking into your house, but those other weapons are really meant only to be on the offensive and not just on the defensive. And so, you know, we ought to do everything we can to make sure that we keep guns out of the hands of those that are criminally intent and those that are mentally ill, violently mentally ill.","Senator Morse, what implications do you see in what happened to recall you?","Well, I think it's important to remember that this is really purely symbolic. The Democrats still maintain control of the Senate in Colorado. Obviously, we still have the House. These laws remain in place. So, really we just have the NRA attempting to send a message here. And I'm personally not listening."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : means that powerful weapons with lots of capacity on our streets should not be allowed because they are meant to be used in an offensive manner; ","questions":"What type of guns are not suitable for streets according to A?","answer":"Powerful"}
{"text":["You know, that's a very strange thing. It showed that there is real fear of a reaction. And that now that they are two, whether or not people would start drawing a pattern - that was one of the questions that I sort of asked all the Korean leaders up in the Bay area. And once that question was asked, I think that they sort of saw an angle that I might go towards they didn't like and for the most part they either talked about in a very - and again, in a sort of like academic way about how, you know, like we should focus on class instead of race, or we should talk about people without using any sort of, like, cultural terms, or they were just sort of kick me out.","And what has happened to One Goh?","He is now in Napa State Mental Hospital, he - until he is - can be fit to stand trial. He's been declared unfit to stand trial because of his, you know, he's psychiatrically unable to stand trial at this point. And so he's undergoing compulsory medication to try and get him ready.","And Oikos University, what's happened there, there was something of a decertification."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : to stand to trial means until they are ready to have a trial","questions":"Which hospital is One Goh currently in?","answer":"Napa"}
{"text":["Super Saver and Calvin Borel one full length from Derby here. Noble's Promise runs in second. Patty O'Connell is now third. Make Music for Me, Big Mountain, (Unintelligible) on the outside and they're coming down to the finish. And it is Super Saver.","Wow. Now it occurred to me, when we were during some preparation on you - like a baseball announcer, all he or she has to do is go, when there's a home run - Yoho.","(Laughter).","But you have to rattle off eight or nine names that might have been unfamiliar to you - just a couple of - I mean, how you do it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  (2) is a metaphor that implies the speaker was impressed by the announcer's ability to quickly and accurately recite all the names of the horses.","questions":"How was the announcer's ability to recite all the names of the horses described?","answer":"Impressed"}
{"text":["Yeah, well, when I was a young, little Muppet baby version of myself, you know, I mean - I guess people were right in that I was kind of a punk kid. I was anti-everything. I was anti-capitalist, first of all. I just don't have a lot of respect for profit motive. So as an artist, you know, I had a hard time. You know, when I was living hand to mouth, you know, my first manager - as a teenager, you know - tell people you have tapes for sale. Like, no, no.","(Laughter) You didn't even want to do that.","I just feel like a jerk. I didn't want to. I couldn't do it. I couldn't do it.","What I loved about the book was that I didn't come away with an impression that you suffered from self-doubt. You kind of always knew that it just didn't matter how hard it was, you were just - this was your thing."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"it just didn't matter how hard it was, you were just - this was your thing\" - This is a figurative expression meaning that the speaker was committed to their artistic pursuits despite the challenges they faced.","questions":"Which expression describes the PersonA's unwavering dedication to their artistic pursuits despite the difficulties they faced?","answer":"Dedication"}
{"text":["It's so hard, yeah. . .","But - yeah.",". . . To not be recognized. I know this is one of the things that many people say, is not being recognized by their family members. It's just the worst feeling in the world.","Yeah. And in our case, it wasn't permanent. I mean, I can't imagine the feeling of people for whom this is a constant."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"the worst feeling in the world\" implies that not being recognized is the feeling that causes the most pain.","questions":"Which feeling is described as the most painful in the world?","answer":"Painful"}
{"text":["Yeah, I know. It's - I actually am going to quote UC Hastings law professor, Ahmed Ghappour, who said the reason the government did this is pure PR. There actually isn't a legal reason that the government needed to file this motion. It laid out everything that's already been said in the motion. But Apple got a lot of attention when Tim Cook publicly posted his reasons for not complying with the government's order on its website. And Ghappour thinks the government filed this on Friday because it didn't want Apple to have the last word this week. And in many ways, this particular situation is a PR war. The public opinion is going to matter. How do we feel about the government being able to compel a company to write code to help it out?Is there enough to be gotten from this phone that we're willing to jeopardize our privacy in the long run?In the past, when most things were in the physical world, if you created a key for one door, chances are it wouldn't affect all the other doors. But in the digital age, things are different. And it looks like, in this case, Tim Cook is saying, we need spaces where no one, not the government, not a hacker or even a private company, that makes the device can get in.","So what's next?","Appeals, appeals unless Congress, in its wisdom, decides to do something. But Congress hasn't been doing a lot lately, so I don't know.","That's NPR's Laura Sydell. Laura, thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This turn does not have an implied meaning different from its literal meaning. It is a straightforward expression of gratitude towards Laura Sydell, the NPR correspondent.","questions":"How does PersonA describe the reason behind government's motion?","answer":"PR"}
{"text":["We were with addicts on the street as they were having encounters with law enforcement. We were in treatment centers with people trying to kick the addiction. There's this one phenomenal picture of five inmates. They're all pregnant and being let in to get their methadone and things like that. We were in in drug courts, where people were being dealt with by the criminal justice system.","I think one of the reasons that it's gotten so much attention is because of the spareness with which we report it. We just report anecdote after anecdote after anecdote after anecdote over seven days. And anybody who reads it cannot come away without understanding how deep and how pernicious and how totally involving of our society this epidemic is.","Are there things that happen in Cincinnati every day that people walk past that you wanted to use this opportunity to share with?","Well, yes, I mean, in the sense that we wanted people to understand that this is going on all around them. Heroin is not a demographic or racial or any socioeconomic status - however you want to put it - drug. Its terrible reach is universal."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The drug epidemic is pervasive and affects everyone regardless of background or social status.","questions":"Which epidemic?","answer":"epidemic"}
{"text":["You have also done \"Celebrity Fit Club\" and you had a particular experience with a very tall object. Tell me about how you felt with that.","So they didn't tell me that it was boot camp. And when I found out it was boot camp I didn't know that I would be actually living on the premises in the woods. You take a person that every single weekend I'm standing on five-star hotels and now I'm living in a log cabin with Erin Moran who I grew up watching on TV, on \"Happy Days. \"So I'm star struck, I'm hungry, and I'm feeling like a girl scout. The day came for me to climb up a tower, and I totally panicked. I thought that I could do it, I wanted to do it, but my mind could not digest it. So here I am, over 35 years old, on TV, no eyebrows, no make-up, stuck in a harness crying with a head rag on.","How embarrassing. How. . .","I love how you mention the head rag because it's like. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : I am living in a log cabin with celebrity Erin and feel excited about the experience. When it was time to climb a tower, I panicked.","questions":"Which object did PersonA have a particular experience with in \"Celebrity Fit Club\"?","answer":"Tower"}
{"text":["And now, the EU countries, they're following suit on this.","That's right. I mean, you tend to sort of run out of superlatives these days. Indeed, when we look at the figures that are being available on the continent, Germany has approved a package of up to $680 billion, the French $500. The Spanish have set aside $130 billion.","Again, this sort of two-fold plan guaranteeing lending between banks, and taking stakes in financial institutions, similar to the United Kingdom. And again, Gordon Brown is getting a lot of kudos for being upfront, and right in front of the curve for doing this first.","Any sign that lending is indeed going on?Can people borrow?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : EU countries are also taking action regarding the financial crisis.","questions":"What are EU countries doing about the financial crisis?","answer":"Taking"}
{"text":["Do the crime, do the time, that's the old line, right?But convicted perpetrators are still afforded basic human rights while serving out their debt to society. The Southern Center for Human Rights recently filed suit on behalf of a group of prisoners in Decatur, Alabama. The presiding judge describes the county jail as, quote, \"A Slave Ship. \"There, the sheriff is accused of starving his prisoners so he could pocket the profits off a lean kitchen budget. Joining us is Lisa Kung, the executive director of the Southern Center for Human Rights. Hi, Lisa.","Hi, how are you?","I'm good. So this case has just stunned people across the world. I couldn't believe it myself when I read about it. But I understand that there is a Depression-era law on the books that made this kind of profiteering legal. Tell us about the law and the details of the case.","Sure. That's right. Alabama has this arrangement where the state pays $1. 75 a day to the sheriffs - directly to the sheriffs for every person they have in his or her jail. Now, you and I know it's hard enough to come up with three meals a day for $1. 75, and what makes Alabama special is that it allows these sheriffs to take any of the money that they don't spend on food and put it straight into their own pocket."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Prisoners are not treated with basic human rights in jail despite being convicted","questions":"What is the presiding judge's description of the county jail in Decatur, Alabama?","answer":"Slave-Ship"}
{"text":["Well, let's stay with these two big items on the to-do list next week. As you said, the specter of the government running out of money on Friday tends to focus the mind. What will Speaker Ryan's strategy be for getting this done next week?","Just to get as many people on board - get that 216. . .","Get those 216. . .",". . . Seventeen, however many people they need depending on how many votes there are. And I tend to think that there's going to be enough votes to do that. And the White House is not going to stand in Speaker Ryan's way. And there's really - even the Freedom Caucus, the sort of thorn in the side of House leadership, are not going to do that either because nobody. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) Implied meaning: Get enough votes to pass the legislation, no matter the number of votes required.","questions":"Which strategy was suggested to Speaker Ryan for getting the legislation passed?","answer":"Votes"}
{"text":["Every day - every day there's. . .","Every day.",". . . More coming, absolutely. We average about 220 to 250 a day. And they're saying that that's probably anywhere from six months to 18 to 24 months. We just don't know.","Extraordinary. Chris Brice, the interim assistant manager of Luna County, N. M."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A is starting a conversation and B is interrupting with a short response.","questions":"What is the topic of PersonA's conversation that PersonB interrupts with a short response?","answer":"influx"}
{"text":["Yeah, it's light and it's very dark at the same time, yeah.","Well, that's what you go for or what?","Yeah, you got to have a little bit of - a little bit of an edge, I think.","You have a woman in a classical gown looking out over the sea coast in the moonlight holding a lantern. The caption - night after night she watches the sea, longing for her husband's departure (laughter)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This is implying that A believes art should have an interesting or captivating element to it.","questions":"What does PersonA believe art should have?","answer":"Captivating"}
{"text":["Well, most recently, we did a research project where we sent psychologists and medical doctors to meet with former detainees at Abu Ghraib in Guantanamo - doing physical exams, psychological exams, X-rays, bone scans, rectal exams - to see if the stories that they had told were actually true. And the doctors that reviewed the research and did the work said that the story was so gross that they could hardly read all of the report. So, it's that kind of funding that had us put out a report called \"Broken Laws, Broken Lives,\" which is being used in the Congress to investigate the violations of human rights to the folks that have been detained. So, that's the kind of work that the JET Foundation funded that we now have lost.","So, you won't have $175,000 going forward. Is there a way to make up that money?","Well, I think its individual. I think there's a lot of folks out there from all sides of the table that want to restore our credibility, and they are the people, I think, that ultimately will fund our work. And if I can find about 175 people to give me 1,000 bucks, we'll be able to continue that critical work.","Frank Donaghue is the CEO of Physicians for Human Rights. Thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : all sides of the table refers to different opinions people have","questions":"How does turn 2 suggest the diversity of people who may fund the work?","answer":"diversity"}
{"text":["No, that didn't happen until after the article came out.","Really?","Yeah. I didn't get a ton of responses on Craigslist. I think people probably just saw it and thought it was a weird curiosity. And, you know, I didn't want it to be - I'm going, you know, I'm putting on my anthropologist hat and I'm going into black America and I'm going tell you what black America's like, because it really wasn't about that. It was more about - there are lots of different, you know, cultural bubbles that we live in and the Venn diagrams often don't overlap, and for some reason we don't seem to care about that anymore.","Almost every day, I see some newspaper article that has sent some reporter to some place where someone is having a racial moment. You know, whether it's. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : THe person isn't putting on an anthropologist hat. It means the person is thinking. This person is also learning about Black America, nit getting into black America.","questions":"How did the person feel about the responses on Craigslist?","answer":"Few"}
{"text":["Mr.  Jones\u2026","Yes?","\u2026when you think about the issues of justice and in - for so long, we as African-Americans have and many of us have debated what does justice mean in this life, what does justice mean in the next life, do you think that there is racial justice?Do you think that there will be racial justice on this Earth?","Yes, I do. I believe that we are at a profound transition point. Martin King would say today, there's no way we can make the transition to the 21st century unless we leave the baggage of slavery and racism behind.","And I think to talk about current events, I think that he would both be disappointed and appalled in what's going on in the political discourse. He would be disappointed because when the Senator Obama is criticized in the speech he gave in Philadelphia, Martin would say, well, hold on, America seems to be deeply afflicted by amnesia about how it cheated these African-American people over the past 20th century.","But I think he'd applaud the fact that Senator Obama did what should have been done earlier and needs to be done. You see what Senator Obama did, he walked into the national living room of America and acknowledged and then talked to the 800-pound gorilla of race relations that everybody knew was sitting in there for the 20th century."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is asking if the listener believes in racial justice and if it is possible to achieve it. The speaker suggests that African-Americans have debated this issue for a long time, indicating that it is a complex issue.","questions":"How long have African-Americans debated the meaning of justice?","answer":"Long"}
{"text":["You've been following temporary staffing trends for more than two decades now. What sectors are relatively insulated from layoffs?","Well, the sectors that are most resilient are the higher-skill sectors, or if you can get into industries that are involved in education or health care or government. Those are the areas where you get the most bang. We're also seeing a nice increase in the mortgage-processing area, because one of the things the government's doing is lowering the conforming rate for mortgages. And so, there's kind of a rush to refinance.","When you say higher skills, are you talking about engineering, things of that sort?","Well, even within, say, clerical admin, there's always demand for good, you know, personal assistants. There's always demand for engineers or, you know, highly skilled folks. There are sometimes fewer jobs in those areas but for good people, you can get employed.","Now, geographically, where are the hot spots for temporary work?","We're seeing the best demand really around the D. C.  area. You know, Maryland, Virginia, the District of Columbia, of course the government's kind of gearing up, and there's lots of activity to, you know, take on some of these new projects. Another good area is Texas. Texas still has some residual goodwill related to energy and utilities. Beyond that, there is most of the - most every area of the country is feeling some pinch. Some of the toughest places are California, Nevada and Florida."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Those are the areas where you get the most positive information.","questions":"What type of sectors are relatively resilient from layoffs?","answer":"Higher-skill"}
{"text":["Thanks for being with us, Scott. The president, of course, was in Paris this week. He was president Macron's guest for Bastille Day. There'd been some attention in this country which would affix President Macron as somehow a different figure than President Trump. The two of them seemed to get on very well. There seemed genuine rapport.","That's right. I think if this improves relations, it certainly improved body language when it comes to President Trump in Europe. You know, there were so many images at the G-20 of Trump just looking isolated, big policy announcements put out by every country except the United States. So I think Macron sensed an opening here. He saw that Trump needs a friend, an ally, a wingman - whatever you want to call it - in Europe.","And Trump has a long track record of responding when people show him respect and welcome him. There's certainly nothing more welcoming than a big parade being put on, so this seemed to work. They seemed to get along. The question is, does this get Trump to shift on any of the key policy differences?Starting with climate change, where they could not be any further apart.","There was a phrase in the press conference where he said, well, maybe there will be something with the Paris accords, right?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Macron sensed an opening here. He saw that Trump needs a friend, an ally, a wingman - whatever you want to call it - in Europe.\" Implicated meaning: Macron recognized an opportunity to establish a closer relationship with Trump because Trump lacks strong support or alliances in Europe.","questions":"What did Macron see as an opportunity in regards to Trump's European alliances?","answer":"Closer"}
{"text":["What do you mean it knocked the - 'cause I always think of the bottled water market as being quite new.","Well, it's ironic. There was a big bottled water market in the U. S.  late 19th, early 20th century. It was basically seen as healthier, better for you. And this newfangled chlorination essentially made water really safe to drink for the first time, in some respects, ever. And as a result, tap water became a newfangled thing, which is very ironic, considering the reputation today of bottled water versus tap water.","Yeah. Why did bottled water become popular again?","So, it was popular to a certain extent throughout the 1930s, 1940s, 1950s. Bottled water in the sort of single serve and liter size that we think of really was a niche market in restaurants until the late 1970s. And Perrier really for the very first time put a lot of money into their marketing budget and they got very lucky with their timing, 'cause it coincided with the fitness craze. I mean, think about it. Jane Fonda and aerobics. And what happens to really push it long is that Nestle ends up getting in the act with Perrier; Coke launches Dasani; Pepsi launches Aquafina. And now all of the sudden what you have is mass distribution channels. Today - get this - per second on average, 1,500 bottles of water are being opened nationwide."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : So, it was popular to a certain extent throughout the 1930s, 1940s, 1950s. Bottled water in the sort of single serve and liter size that we think of really was a niche market in restaurants until the late 1970s. And Perrier really for the very first time put a lot of money into their marketing budget and they got very lucky with their timing, 'cause it coincided with the fitness craze. I mean, think about it. Jane Fonda and aerobics. And what happens to really push it along is that Nestle ends up getting in the act with Perrier; Coke launches Dasani; Pepsi launches Aquafina. And now all of a sudden what you have is mass distribution channels. Today - get this - per second on average, 1,500 bottles of water are being opened nationwide.","questions":"How did Perrier's marketing coincide with a popular trend in the late 1970s?","answer":"Fitness"}
{"text":["I think the best example I can give is Nelson Mandela, who's paid more of a price, who sacrificed more, he won, and then at a point, he says, now it is time for me to go on. He, if anyone, earned the right to say I am going to sit here and be the president of South Africa till I die. He said no, I've served my time. The fact that I spent 27 years in jail notwithstanding, I'm going to move on, and I think that that is why everyone respected him as a great man, because he did not put his own vanity above the cause.","Reverend Sharpton, great to talk to you.","Thank you, have a great day.","Reverend Al Sharpton is a civil rights activist and host of the syndicated radio talk show Keeping it Real. He is also the President of the National Action Network."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : something that was hinted at or suggested, but not directly stated. When a person looks at his watch","questions":"How did Reverend Sharpton introduce Al Sharpton's background?","answer":"Civil"}
{"text":["(Laughter).",". . . And who he, Mr.  Trump, says are helping to rig the election with biased media coverage in any case?","Yeah. Well, yeah. I guess that - I guess we are definitely - us corrupt journalists are definitely the ones who are in the danger zone here. But the real problem here is - let's presume - and all the polls are pointing in this direction - Hillary Clinton wins. You know, we could be having. . .","But - which we don't presume when we cover the news."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : example of a rhetorical question, which is used to make a point rather than to actually seek an answer.","questions":"Which type of question is turn 1?","answer":"Rhetorical"}
{"text":["The military also can benefit tremendously from this because if trade were to open with India - the military is a major producer of cement. They own a lot of state-owned enterprises, which they run for the benefit of ex-servicemen for the veterans. And they would be a major exporter of cement to India. Moreover, if there was transit trade between India through Pakistan and Afghanistan to Central Asia, the military is the largest transporter in the country.","So there are opportunities that need to be spelled out. But more important, I think, this is an opportunity for the Pakistani prime minister to have a national debate about this issue so that he can bring everybody on board.","What has the change been in the past few weeks, even, that gives you some optimism?","Well, it's not just the past few weeks. I think this is a change that has been occurring in the last decade or so. It's not perfect, and both leaders in India, and Pakistan will face enormous opposition from entrenched interests, apart from having a sclerotic bureaucracy that won't want to give up power and controls and business interests that may have helped them win their elections that want to retain their preferred access to state resources. It's not going to be easy, but I see strong possibility and I see a convergence of the need for economic development and growth, which will benefit people in general."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be subtly implying that they are not interested in continuing a conversation or that they would prefer to end the discussion.","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue suggests a possible desire to end the conversation?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["I stopped the clocks because, A - my contract was running out, and, yes, I am eligible for retirement 'cause I'm 72 now. But the hand-wound ones, they're big cast iron weights. If the weights, when they run out, fell over, it would take three men to reconnect all the wires going through the pulleys and things, so it was on a safety grounds that I stopped them.","Why did you stop both hands at 12?","Well, I stopped them at 12 o'clock because every time I get a clock on my working license, and my father-in-law before me, people seem to think, oh, that clock is at 12 o'clock. And they look at their watch or something, and they'll say, oh, it's stopped. Whereas if I left it at any time, they don't seem to pick it up quick enough.","Well, Mr.  Mitchell, may I ask, are there a lot of other people doing a job like yours or is that number dwindling these days?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The actual meaning of (3) is that Mr. Mitchell stopped the clocks at 12 o'clock to make it easier for people to recognize that the clock was broken, as they would immediately notice that it was stopped at 12 o'clock, rather than at any other time.","questions":"How did Mr. Mitchell make it easier for people to recognize that the clock was broken?","answer":"Recognition"}
{"text":["Basically, this conflict, it stems from a power struggle between two very big people in South Sudan, the president, Salva Kiir, and his former vice president, Riek Machar. You have two guys who couldn't be more different. Kiir's this former commander from the independence struggle, a man of few words, in his ubiquitous black cowboy hat. And Machar is a smooth-talking, British-educated guy with a green philosophy who happens to be a huge fan of Karl Rove.","Now, besides being different personalities, these guys are also different tribes. And the tribal aspect of this conflict is what's triggered the most horrific aspects of this war. That's the violence that the pre-genocide label gets attached to.","The United States has a lot at stake in South Sudan. It helped create the nation, first under President Bush and then President Obama in 2011. What's Secretary of State Kerry proposing?","Well, Secretary Kerry has been talking about this idea of a transitional government. It's kind of - if you remember, back in January they tried a ceasefire that was disrespected by both sides because it told people to stop fighting. It didn't address why they were fighting, which was to control the government."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of this turn is that Secretary Kerry has been talking about the idea of a transitional government. The implied meaning is that Kerry is proposing a new government as a way to address the root of the conflict and end the fighting.","questions":"Which idea is Secretary Kerry proposing to address the root of the conflict in South Sudan?","answer":"Transitional"}
{"text":["That's right. There are a few things in particular that stood out in the early excerpts. I haven't had the chance to get my hands on the book yet. But a couple of things in particular. One is that Bannon talks about that infamous Trump Tower meeting in June of 2016 that featured Donald Trump Jr. , Jared Kushner, Paul Manafort and the meeting that they had with the Russian lawyer, who was offering dirt on Hillary Clinton. Bannon describes the meeting as treasonous, as unpatriotic. And he says that those three should've called the FBI immediately. A second thing is that he also says that there's no way - there's no way that Trump Jr.  didn't walk the Russians up one floor to the 26th floor of Trump Tower and introduce them to Trump himself.","We should explain that's his - he doesn't know that happened, but he just finds it inconceivable it didn't.","He doesn't offer any proof. He wasn't in the campaign at the time. But this would be important if true because Trump has denied any knowledge of the Russian overtures, any knowledge of Russian outreach. And it would - this would obviously contradict that. The last thing is that Bannon says that the investigation is going to focus on money laundering. There are indications that Mueller's team may indeed be looking at that. So a lot to digest there.","NPR's Ryan Lucas, thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"the investigation is going to focus on money laundering.\" - The actual meaning of this turn is literal, as it refers to the literal focus of the investigation on the illegal practice of disguising the proceeds of crime as legitimate funds.","questions":"How is the investigation focusing on what?","answer":"Money"}
{"text":["Her fencing tutor, when she is 13, makes her his mistress. Julie says he gave everything I desired and quite a few things I hadn't known existed. Oh, my word.","(Laughter) He was her father's boss. And he was one of the great nobleman of France at the time, a very, very powerful man. And all of a sudden, she was the very young mistress and was moved into Paris so that he could keep her separate from his wife, but she wanted more. And so very quickly she got bored and she ran off with her fencing master.","Yeah. There's a lot of fencing in this book. As soon as I say that, I realize metaphorical but also actual fencing in this book.","Well, I used to fence as a kid. It's one of the reasons I know about her. I fenced all through school and college, but I have to say that I'd - when I'm writing the fencing scenes, I do jump out of my chair and grab a foil - I've still got my old swords - and I act out the scenes for myself just to make sure that they make sense."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Yeah. There's a lot of fencing in this book. As soon as I say that, I realize metaphorical but also actual fencing in this book.  The implied meaning here is that the phrase \"metaphorical but also actual fencing\" suggests that fencing is not only a physical activity portrayed in the book but also serves as a metaphorical representation of conflict or rivalry between characters. It implies that fencing is used symbolically within the book's narrative.","questions":"What serves as a metaphorical representation of conflict or rivalry between characters in the book?","answer":"Fencing"}
{"text":["Well, you have one-stop shops where you have - when a person comes for a building permit or something, you have everything available for them in one office. So they don't have to go from city hall to public works to somewhere else. So that one-stop shop really facilitated recovery.","Meaning people would go to this one office, would be able to get all the permits they needed?","Right, all the permits and permission. And it's also absolutely essential that there are solid partnerships between all agencies in the government, the county, the city, public works and the school district. Everybody has to be on the same page moving forward.","City planners in Houston are going to have to make some tough choices. What advice do you have for them?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"tough choices\" is a figurative expression that refers to difficult decisions that city planners in Houston will have to make.","questions":"How did the statement describe the decisions that city planners in Houston will have to make?","answer":"difficult"}
{"text":["They have. About 40-plus have gone, probably as we talk, a number of them have left.","He's not considered a good candidate to lead the party to victory in a general election, I gather.","No, no, he's not. The leadership's come to him very late in life. He's a poor communicator. And that makes it very difficult to win over votes. He excites a section of Britain young people who will turn out in their thousands for his rallies and his meet and. . .","They feel the Bern.","They feel the Bern. The comparisons, again, you can see parallels between what is happening in Britain with what is happening in America. And they're not false. They're not invented.","Kevin Maguire of the Daily Mirror who joined us on Skype, thanks very much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This statement of  A implies that the Aspirant is too old and does not have a good communication skill to be a leader.","questions":"How did PersonA describe the Aspirant's communication skills?","answer":"communication"}
{"text":["And how did this start?","Well, about 20 years ago, we were thinking about doing a literary magazine because at the time there weren't too many journals out there for new writers. There weren't many literary journals at all during that time. And so we stumbled upon an idea that we had started with one of our friends from college where he had given me a first line to start a story. And then I would write the story. And then I would send it to him. And I'd give him a first line. And he would start a story. And he would send that back to me. And we did that. And so we decided that we'd open that up to the rest of the world.","How many stories do you typically get?","We run between 300 and 450 submissions in issue."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : 3) is the same as its literal meaning, which is asking for information about the number of stories typically received by the literary magazine.","questions":"What is the average number of submissions received by the literary magazine in each issue?","answer":"300"}
{"text":["I was only able to speak with them very briefly. I did ask the mother - I said, where are you from?And she said, we're from Honduras. And I said, well, how long have you been traveling to get to this place right now?And she looked at me and said, we've been on the road for a month. And I knew at that moment that this point in their journey, which was very emotional for me to see them being detained, for them was just part of a very, very long journey.","You're an award-winning photographer, and you've covered war and chaos. And I should mention that we're friends because we often covered the same things in the Middle East and Latin America. And you've been taking pictures at the border for the last decade. What did you see this past week more broadly?","Having covered this story for the last 10 years, I've seen a lot along the way. But in this case, this last week, it was different because I knew that what happened after these pictures were taken was going to be something very different. Most of us here had heard the news that the administration had planned to separate families. And these people really had no idea about this news. And it was hard to take these pictures, knowing what was coming next.","Yeah. This took a toll on you. You spoke about that in the Getty Images blog."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : It made the person feel sadness and it was hard for them to see.","questions":"How did the person feel after taking the pictures?","answer":"different"}
{"text":["Well, he risks alienating immigration hard-liners. But that's not necessarily the same category as Republicans. Immigration restrictionists have been some of Donald Trump's strongest supporters, whether you're talking about breitbart. com or Ann Coulter, Laura Ingraham.","But some in that same sort of populist conservative media base - some Fox News figures, Rush Limbaugh - have actually been supportive. And many Republicans in Congress support this policy. Immigration is a very tricky issue. There's a reason that the last two presidents, Republican and Democrat, have tried very hard to reform the immigration system and failed.","However, you know, the irony is you have the House speaker, Paul Ryan, for example, coming out and saying, well, this isn't up to the president. This is up to Congress. And they're sort of irked that they've been left out, the congressional Republican leadership. But the irony is this is a thing they want to do. They do want to protect the DREAMers. And they do want to, even the Republicans, many of them - want to pass some kind of immigration reform.","I want to ask you a quick question. Before we move on, Hillary Clinton is on book tour. I like what I've read of the book. It's not a on-the-one-hand-this, on-the-one-hand-that kind of memoir. Are there political repercussions from anything that she said?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The irony is that even though congressional Republican leadership may be opposed to Donald Trump's immigration policy, they still ultimately want to pass some kind of immigration reform.","questions":"What do many Republicans want to pass despite their opposition to Donald Trump's immigration policy?","answer":"Immigration-reform"}
{"text":["No. But what about the misinformation campaign that we keep discovering more about, hacking, what seems to be just a lot of Russian involvement on a lot of different fronts?Why - what is the Russian interest in causing unrest or consternation in the United States or Western Europe?","Well, actually, I think that causing unrest and consternation is an end in itself. And part of it - part of the goa; is psychological. You know, all of us are interested in seeing our worldviews affirmed. And Russia's worldview - the Russian - the contemporary Russian ideology is that the whole world is rotten. Everybody is corrupt. Everything is for sale. Elections and the United States are just as rigged as they are in Russia. And so sowing the kind of disruption that Russia is sowing first and foremost pursues the goal of affirming that view.","Much of your book is devoted to the stories of four Russians who'd hoped that when the Soviet Union came undone, free speech and democracy would take hold. What happened instead?","Well, actually, those four Russians were much too young to hope for anything when the Soviet Union collapsed. They were preschoolers or kindergarteners when the Soviet Union collapsed. But what happened - and I was interested in them because they came of age - you know, they - or they became human beings in the 1990s, a period that is variously portrayed as a flowering of democracy or as a period of chaos and, you know, robber barons and that sort of thing."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  (4) implies that the four Russians were young during the collapse of the Soviet Union and experienced the transition to democracy or chaos during their adulthood.","questions":"What period did the four Russians come of age in?","answer":"1990s"}
{"text":["Well, it's just so different as to be almost unrecognizable to everything else they ever do. Well, first of all, there are over 4,000 credentialed members of the media. I have met many of these people, and I question their credentials. (Soundbite of laughter) But aside from the crush and the demands on their time, it is a weird travel schedule.","For a regular game, there is usually a week between games in the NFL. And a team will arrive in the visiting team's city usually, maybe, a day before the game. Here they arrive almost a week before the game. And that is just to accommodate the fact that the Super Bowl is this huge corporate affair, this huge media affair. So it's interviews and a little bit of practice, and interviews and a little bit of practice. And if a team losses focus, it could really hurt them come Sunday.","It sounds like a pretty intense week. Now, let's say I were a betting woman. Does this kind of hectic schedule favor one team over the other?","Well, you know, even if you weren't a betting woman, even if you were someone with, you know, who lives and dies with the Steelers or who bleeds Cardinals Burgundy - I think there probably are people like that - you might say that the Pittsburgh Steelers might have the edge, because in general, they are the more experienced team, having been to and won a Super Bowl just three years ago."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The comment about questioning their credentials is a joke. 'A' is just joking that some non-reporters are obtaining journalist credentials to see the game for free.","questions":"How does 'A' feel about the media members attending the Super Bowl?","answer":"Questioning"}
{"text":["Yeah, thank you.","So tell us what the article said.","Well, it's very interesting. It's in the Jesuit magazine La Civilta Cattolica. It's a very historic magazine, the Jesuits, of course, being the same order that Pope Francis - an order of priest that Pope Francis is a part of. And what's very interesting is that these two authors are known to be quite close to him. One, Antonio Spadaro, was the person who interviewed him in 2013 and made a big splash. And what they're saying is that they're concerned about ties between fundamental evangelicals and, kind of, right-wing Catholics in the U. S.  that are focused only on very neuralgic issues and kind of dividing in politics.","And the article, I believe, specifically talks about xenophobic and Islamophobic views.","Yeah. What the authors say is that, you know, Pope Francis has really been trying to create a culture of dialogue encounter, really working with people across all the spectrums. And what the two authors in this article are saying is that these right-wing groups in the U. S.  have been really doing the opposite. Where Pope Francis is trying to build bridges, they're trying to build walls. And they're playing up concerns about migration, about refugees. And they're kind of operating in the exact opposite way of the pope which, for a Catholic, is obviously a very strange thing.","All right, this article also directly mentions President Donald Trump and his adviser Steve Bannon. What does it say about them?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : \"Trying to build walls\" - The actual meaning is that they are trying to create barriers and divisions instead of promoting unity and understanding.","questions":"What is the opposite of \"build bridges\" as mentioned in turn 4?","answer":"Opposite"}
{"text":["So how much should they save?","I kind of break up savings into two major funds - the emergency fund, and that's the one you've always heard about, three to six months of living expenses. Start with just a little. Listen, just start with a month, and that means that you have enough saved up that if you lost your job, you could at least live on your savings for one month.","Then I suggest you have what I call the life happens fund. So that would be a fund that you put money in for like major car repairs or if something happens to your roof because otherwise, you're going to dip into that emergency fund, and when a true emergency comes, like a job loss - and millions of people know exactly what that means right now - that money isn't there.","All right. Let's say you want to do that, but you are living paycheck to paycheck. How do you look through your expenses and figure out what you can trim and what you can save?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : paycheck to paycheck implies that the amount a person makes can only cover necessities","questions":"How does living paycheck to paycheck affect a person's expenses?","answer":"Expenses"}
{"text":["Hi, how are you?","I'm fine, and we're very glad to have you. Let me ask you about South Carolina's primary, the first in the South. This is supposed to clear out some of the underbrush and let us see which candidates are survivors, also to show us something about this region. Could you give us a thumbnail sketch of why South Carolina matters?","South Carolina, because it's the first in the South, is the first test candidates face as whether or not they will have Southern appeal. And that's a big deal because the entire 11-state South makes up 59 percent of all the Electoral College votes you need to win the presidency in the general election. So if a Republican candidate in the modern era can sweep the South, they become president. But if a Democratic candidate can crack the South with two states, they become president. And South Carolina is the first test of support in this region.","Up to this point now, we've been watching Republican voters react to Donald Trump and Republican candidates try to overtake him. Is South Carolina in 2016 in some kind of position to clarify that?Should we look for anybody to break out maybe in the GOP debate tonight, or is Trump just going to sail through South Carolina and presumably the South?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: Is South Carolina in a position to determine the fate of the Republican primary race between Donald Trump and the other candidates? Will there be any candidates that stand out in the GOP debate tonight, or will Trump be the clear winner?","questions":"How does South Carolina fit into the equation of determining the winner of the Republican primary race?","answer":"Determining"}
{"text":["Oh, it's kind of odd. Really, it's quiet. The streets are quiet. There's this wariness, though, that, you know, death could burst from the sky at any second. Obviously, this is something that Israelis are experiencing as well with rocket fire there. But here, there are no warning sirens. There's not an Iron Dome to intercept anything. The military strength of Israel is tremendously more powerful than the military strength of Hamas or Islamic Jihad or other groups here. In some cases, Israel does warn people about strikes. For example, I spoke to a woman this morning whose neighbor is part of Hamas, that that person got a phone call this morning to get out of the house. He alerted the neighbors. This is sort of normal. She burst into tears. Her husband said, don't cry in front of the children. She took the kids to a friend's. She went to work.","And a normal life continues in the midst of all this?","Well, in some ways, it has to. If you aren't right next to a rocket attack, you might not even know it happens - or close enough by to hear it. I did speak to a man this morning whose, you know, baby came two weeks early three days ago. And he had to take the baby boy to the doctor last night at night. He had to do it even though he didn't want to be driving around at night. So, yes, people do carry on as they can.","And briefly - we don't have much time - but there have been similar flare-ups like this in recent years. Is there any sense of what's coming next in this conflict?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: Is there any indication of what will happen next in the conflict?","questions":"What is the implied question in turn 3?","answer":"Conflict"}