O'Rourke. Yeah, let's talk about Beto.

Yeah, Beto O'Rourke. He made a hell yes promise to buy back assault weapons and to push for mandatory buyback of assault weapons. What do you make of this?

That was a dramatic highlight of the debate and grabbed a lot of people, got a lot of mentions. But such moments do not make legislation. Congressional Democrats don't have a clear majority for an assault weapons ban, let alone gun takeaways. They're still hoping for universal background checks or - on people buying guns. But to pass the Republican Senate and actually get enacted, even that much would need the backing of the president and the approval of the federal courts. We are still a long way from meaningful gun measures, despite the carnage we saw from guns in August and so many other recent months and years.

And let's stay in the realm of Congress for this last question, Ron. As of today, where do you assess where Democrats stand on the question of impeachment at the moment?

turn 1 : He gives him the content to use against him. He has negative information that can hurt him.

turn 1 : The Russian goverment doesn't get many chances to do the right thing where people all over the world will see and know about it.

turn 1 : He made a promise that was stressed by him and gave people the impression he would do it regardless of what happens.

turn 1 : that Russia views itself as a victim of a Western conspiracy and is retaliating with its own tactics.

turn 1 : The identity of the person involved in the Russia investigation is less important than the fact that Russia is attacking the body politics and needs to be fought against.


O'Rourke. Yeah, let's talk about Beto.

turn 2 : (4) Implied meaning: Background checks should be enhanced for the purchase of private sales of firearms to help prevent tragedies similar to Las Vegas.

turn 2 : It changes the way you think about the situation. Russia wants to capitalize on everyone's problems in the region.

turn 2 : The dominance of the dollar gives the US considerable power in international trade.

turn 2 : Sectors that grown when the economy is failing do better when the economy begins to improve.  The techology sector as a whole is trying hard to make money.

turn 2 : The background checks will be of anyone and everyone that buys a gun in the country.


That's right, yeah. I mean, these - the owners of these brains in life, you know, they lived at this state hospital. Just looking at the condition of the brains now I can only imagine what they endured in life and now their brains were taken by questionable means. It's not entirely clear if it was legal for them to be taken by the doctor at the state hospital and then they were put in these jars. And it's upsetting to look at them, honestly, to see, you know, to imagine the circumstances of their life and then to see them there - it makes you consider your own brain, I suppose.

Well, a tough story to report. Thank you for doing it, Matt.

No problem.

Matt Largey, of member station KUT in Austin.

turn 0 : "his brain has been touched by God" - This turn has a figurative meaning and is not meant to be taken literally. It is a common expression used to describe someone who is exceptionally intelligent or talented.

turn 0 : "It makes you consider your own brain, I suppose." - This turn is a figurative expression that means the speaker is reflecting on their own life and experiences in comparison to the circumstances of the individuals whose brains were taken.

turn 0 : trying to place myself in his mind implies a persons way of thinking and/or their point of view

turn 0 : "Where do you turn" implies that you need someone to talk to about an issue.

turn 0 : Implied meaning: The speaker is indirectly suggesting that they may have information or opinions that they are hesitant to share openly.


No problem.

turn 1 : The story is emotional and difficult to hear.

turn 1 : "Well, a tough story to report." - This turn is a figurative expression that means the story is emotionally difficult to report, rather than physically difficult.

turn 1 : (2) In turn (2), the speaker implies that there is a connection between Russia's illicit arms trade, North Korea's relationship with Mugabe, and Zimbabwe's political situation.

turn 1 : Implies that the speaker is asking for the other person's opinion about the political implications of the current situation.

turn 1 : He is not saying that Putin never does anything wrong and is very nice.


Yes, sir.

The Post and Courier, which is the newspaper there in Charleston, they got an article that between 1982 and 2011 there have been 25 high school track-related deaths either to the discus, the shot put or the javelin.

Correct.

And some, I mean, you know, some pretty gruesome descriptions of javelin injuries. You're not intimidated by that?

turn 3 :  friendly.the speaker is implying that they are trying to manipulate the personality of someone to make it more

turn 3 : It is expected that your online privacy will be compromised.

turn 3 : "You're not intimidated by that?" - This turn is a rhetorical question and does not literally ask whether the person is intimidated or not, but instead implies that they should be intimidated.

turn 3 : can be cracked meaning the problem can be looked into and a solution found for it

turn 3 : The NSA lost control of their hacking tools and they were leaked/stolen.


Just quickly, what about men?

Men. Well men, we tend to focus more on outcomes and process. And so we kind of, you know, focus almost exclusively on the outcomes. We tend to like win-lose scenarios, as opposed to negotiating for win-win. And then, men, we tend to be command and control leaders, where as women can be more inclusive and interactive. And so we really have to work on those traits.

Has anyone ever given you static for trying to do the Mars-Venus thing, about how you see men and women?

Well, because it's really my opinion, and they typically let me have that opinion. But again, it's really a broad statement, so I'm not saying all men or all women, but just as a rule, they're some observations that I've had over the years.

turn 1 : The listener asks whether women played a crucial role in the election.

turn 1 : Prior to medical school, I gained knowledge of diet and nutrition through martial arts and vegetarianism, which was lacking in my medical education.

turn 1 : Men tend to focus only on outcomes, prefer win-lose scenarios and have commanding leadership style, unlike women who are more inclusive and interactive

turn 1 : People are spending more on alternative medicine than primary care.

turn 1 : Failing chemistry is a hindrance to becoming a doctor


Just quickly, what about men?

turn 3 : Opinions on gender differences are subjective and not absolute, hence should not be generalized to all men and women

turn 3 : B is asking A to distinguish between teens who experiment with gender identities and those who genuinely feel comfortable identifying outside of traditional gender roles.

turn 3 : This implies the level of Racial discrimination on Campuses.

turn 3 : White people saying they were taught to treat everyone the same is not enough to combat racism.

turn 3 : The NAACP should form coalitions with other people of color


There's been such wild swings. You know, in 2014, we were here talking about a dreadful harvest in Italy that was mostly due to the olive oil fruit fly, which was a big problem following a warmer-than-usual winter. This year, it's a deep freeze. And among farmers in Italy, they feel like these extreme swings are happening more often. Experts that we talked to believe that climate change is a factor.

I don't know the Olive Oil Times.

(Laughter) Well, you should. It's the most read olive oil publication. You know, it seems niche, but there are 3 million people around the world who make - who work to make olive oil. It's a very important food, one of the healthiest products that the Earth provides us. And there's a lot to tell. It's also a cultural cornerstone for the Mediterranean region and the rest of us.

Curtis Cord, publisher of the Olive Oil Times, we'll be reading it. Thanks so much, Mr.  Cord.

turn 0 : The idea of climate change is not new but our understanding of it has improved.

turn 0 : (1) is the same as its literal meaning, which is explaining the decision-making process behind cutting rations in a situation where there is a shortage of aid.

turn 0 : (1) has an implied meaning that is different from its literal meaning. The literal meaning is that the speaker is asking if there is any sign of improvement in the situation being discussed, but the implied meaning is that the situation is bad and the speaker is hoping for some positive news or indication that things will get better.

turn 0 : to carry something out means to do something

turn 0 : Extreme weather swings are happening more often due to climate change


I don't know the Olive Oil Times.

turn 2 : Italy may run out of its own olive oil and need to use oils from other origins.

turn 2 : In (4), the speaker is implying that the U.S. is not necessarily looking forward to the fall of Assad, but rather is trying to prepare for it.

turn 2 : Olive oil is an important and healthy food with cultural significance

turn 2 : (3) In turn (3), the speaker implies that the recent events in Iraq are not normal and that there is a sense of uncertainty and instability, despite some signs of progress.

turn 2 : In (4) the speaker is implying that the US has a higher level of tolerance for school shootings than for terrorism.


And I went and bought bread. I made a really good salsa and started selling tortas at a bus stop. Of course, everybody thought I was nuts. And my friends used to make a lot of fun of me - you know, no girl is going to like you because you sell food on the street. And I'd say, no, you're totally wrong. I said, I'm an entrepreneur (laughter). I have my own business.

Now he's executive chef and partner in the James Beard-nominated Taqueria del Sol, a counter-service chain in Georgia and Tennessee. In the kitchen of one of the Atlanta restaurants, he shows me how to make his turnip greens. It starts with a little butter and oil.

We're going to build the sauce for greens. And you want to saute your garlic, a few onions, your pepper. In this case, we use the chile de arbol.

The chile de arbol pepper brings some heat. It sautes with the onion and garlic until the peppers start to release their oils.

turn 0 : People should pursue their dreams and not let negative opinions stop them from achieving success.

turn 0 : It is better to be transparent about the negative aspects.

turn 0 : International investment is necessary to maintain the success against ISIS

turn 0 : Isis began just as the Arab's began to collapse or at least lose popularity.

turn 0 : Although leaders acknowledged activists' fears, more drastic actions are still needed to solve the issue.


Well, tell us first, let's go back. How did you find out about this because I know they try and keep this very secret?How did you find out you had been awarded the MacArthur Grant?

I kind of got punked a little bit. I mean, it's the best way to get punked you could imagine, but they called me into the offices, I was going to be in Chicago for an event, and they basically called me in more or less under the pretense that they wanted me to talk about some candidates that I was recommending.

So of course I kind of scampered in to sort of support the folks that I was hoping would get it, and they just sort of surprised me with this, you know, this incredible gift and just, you know, it kind of just blew my brains open.

So they really did manage to keep it a secret?

turn 1 :  Implies disbelief in the official explanation for the meeting and wanting a better answer.

turn 1 : The president is trying to divert attention away from negative news about him and his administration

turn 1 : He can talk to the president directly with no in between people.

turn 1 : It does not seem clear on whether Trump made the phone call or received it

turn 1 : The speaker was misled into attending a meeting under false pretenses.


turn 1 : B is impressed or surprised by what A said.

turn 1 : (1) has an implied meaning that is different from its literal meaning. The literal meaning is that the speaker is asking if there is any sign of improvement in the situation being discussed, but the implied meaning is that the situation is bad and the speaker is hoping for some positive news or indication that things will get better.

turn 1 : A was surprised to receive the MacArthur Grant.

turn 1 : Turn (1) has an implicated meaning that is different from its literal meaning. Although the speaker denies that the remarks were racially motivated, the implication is that the speaker believes they were in fact racially motivated, and is trying to downplay or avoid addressing that implication.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker is indirectly suggesting that they may have information or opinions that they are hesitant to share openly.


turn 2 : The experience of being awarded the MacArthur Grant was overwhelming.

turn 2 : The disaster was so immense and overwhelming that it was hard to comprehend.

turn 2 : People who usually would vote for the Republican candidate are considering voting for Hillary Clinton instead.

turn 2 : A implies that the process of political maneuvering can be absurd and comical to an outside observer.

turn 2 : To the right means politically right wing, not that they are actually sitting on the right


Well, this is extremely complicated. And there doesn't seem to be a single kind of way at looking at this for all the different countries. Every country is wrestling with how to manage this. There's little legal precedent in many ways. One problem is that if you put people on trial back home, it's very difficult to get the evidence that you maybe need to actually be able to prosecute someone. So some people in - for example, in Germany have floated the idea of re-upping the sort of Nuremberg trials that were used to prosecute Nazis.

Wow.

In other cases, some have created laws to say, you know, going to Syria was itself a crime. So we've been following the case of an Austrian girl who was 15 when she left Austria. And we've been told that if she comes back, she probably would serve prison time for having gone to Syria. And there's even - the Kurdish authorities in Syria are talking about perhaps trying to set up an international tribunal to actually try these people in Syria or in Iraq.

NPR's Ruth Sherlock in Beirut.

turn 2 : Not all citizens from Syria will be accepted back.

turn 2 : The show cannot be picked up by another network or platform, indicating a potential end to the series.

turn 2 : Some countries have made going to Syria a crime and people may serve prison time for it.

turn 2 :  the host is wrapping up the interview and thanking the guest for being on the show. The literal meaning is simply expressing gratitude, but the implied meaning is that the interview has come to an end.

turn 2 : "maybe missing" implies not currently watching Game of Thrones anymore.


Oh, sheesh. I'll play a little bit of "I Knew a Lady. "

OK, I knew a lady too.

I'm sure you did.

(Singing) I knew a lady. And she was fine. She had a pretty face And a troubled mind. All she wanted was a little fun. She got dancing feet. She wanted to get it on. All the Lord's children need to be saved All the Lord's children lost in these days All the Lord's children in the frying pan Good God, Almighty throw up your dang hands All the Lord's children out on these streets All the Lord's children fighting for peace All the Lord's children up off your knees Good God, Almighty Come dance with me Oh, oh, oh, oh All the Lord's children feeling the pain All the Lord's children trying to maintain All the Lord's children trying to kill the brain With two vodka din(ph) And a glass of champagne Don't do it Huh, it ain't gonna work All she wanted was a little fun She got dancin' feet she want to get it on.

turn 3 :  (4), the speaker is commenting on something that is described as "very pretty." The literal meaning of the turn is that the speaker finds the thing being referred to visually attractive. However, the implied meaning of the turn is unclear and could depend on the context of the conversation. The turn could be a sincere expression of admiration, or it could be a polite or perfunctory comment that does not reflect the speaker's true feelings. Alternatively, the turn could be sarcastic or ironic, indicating that the speaker does not actually find the thing being referred to as attractive as it may seem.

turn 3 : The video is gross, but still interesting enough to watch.

turn 3 : It is not that is something to be tasted. It is something people don't like to hear about.

turn 3 : "I knew a lady and she was fine" means that she looked beautiful or pretty.

turn 3 : I do not think that the ugliness mentioned is meant to be literal but metaphorical.


Honestly, much to my mother's chagrin, I think I would like to come back to the Middle East and continue to cover a lot of the developments here, maybe Afghanistan, continue to cover a lot of our diplomatic efforts abroad.

I think that the next four to eight years of the Obama administration are going to be incredibly interesting, with a lot of the diplomatic efforts to just to try to put a lot of the things back together. Certainly, what's going on now in the Gaza Strip is incredibly interesting, as well. So I think, once I learn the business and learn a lot of skills, I'd love to go abroad as a foreign correspondent someday.

Army Captain Nate Rawlings with the First Brigade Combat Team of the 4th Infantry Division joining us from Baghdad. And it's been great speaking with you. Have a great new year.

Thank you. Happy New Year to you, too.

turn 0 : "covering the Middle East" implies assigned to the Middle East for journalistic duties.

turn 0 : There is not a table but people get to leave the negotiation.

turn 0 : A wants to continue covering developments in the Middle East despite mother's disapproval

turn 0 : The person refuses to change their mind on what they think about the situation.

turn 0 : The situation is uncertain and they need to take it one step at a time


Physically in our experiment that took up - we couldn't really measure it in a scientific way, but between you and me, it's like a speck of dust.

All that stuff on a speck of dust.

Yeah.

And how much room would you need to store all the information in the world?

turn 0 : a lot of stuff means there is a massive amount

turn 0 : at the end of the day means something is likely going to happen or what happens after everything else.

turn 0 : A speck of dust is teeny tiny, so it implies it is tiny.

turn 0 : (1) B is implying that something valuable is coming to an end, beyond just a literal fade out.


All that stuff on a speck of dust.

Yeah.

turn 1 : a lot of stuff means there is a massive amount

turn 1 : The table simply means that Iran is being forced to return to negotiations.

turn 1 : Again a speck of dust is tiny so it implies it is tiny.

turn 1 : There are not pieces on a table but there are happenings in countries that are open for negotiation.

turn 1 : Assuming that Iran is responsible for the attack.


Well, number one, we were astounding that something over 2,000 years old decided to put roots on itself and live again. So, after the jubilation - and there was real jubilation at Archangel - we came up with the grand idea of using these trees that were lost to the world and planting them in old growth forest groves. And I'm happy to say that we're well on our way of attaining that goal.

As I understand, old growth forest, it won't look like much of anything for a few hundred years.

Well, that's not true. What most people don't understand about coast redwoods and giant sequoias is that they're probably the second-fastest-growing tree on earth that I know of, only second only to the eucalyptus. And they will grow 10 feet a year, and that is a lot of stored carbon in a very short period of time. Groves of those or forests of those will really make a measurable dent in the CO2 imbalance in our atmosphere.

Why are they planted in Port Orford?

turn 1 : Literally, this turn is a short response to A's previous statement about the time-lapse videos of human development. However, the implied meaning is that B understands and acknowledges A's previous statement about the videos featuring embryos, and is simply reiterating that fact.

turn 1 : The implied meaning here is that B thinks that old growth forests take a long time to develop, and won't look impressive for hundreds of years. However, the literal meaning of the statement is simply a statement of understanding about the appearance of old growth forests.

turn 1 :  "Flags" does not mean that Tricia Newbold actually used flags to indicate the instances involving senior White House officials. Instead, it implies that she drew attention to these instances or brought them to the committee's notice. This is an example of a figurative or idiomatic use of language where the intended meaning is different from the literal meaning of the words used.

turn 1 : It is being implied that if everyone resigns he will be the new leader.

turn 1 : A thinks that the government is not functioning properly.


Those of who are interested, who have taken the time to listen to historians, listen to money experts tell us what might happen when that ratio of the debt to the gross product of the country gets big, and it's so big that it's carrying 200 or 300 percent, they just tell you right off you don't have any functioning country.

And last - what is it, last year, the - one of the rating agencies cut the U. S.  AAA rating for the first time not because there was any great concern about the economy of the United States but because of dysfunction in Washington, because the various parties could not agree.

You got it, my friend. They did that, and they're apt to do more. And right now I guess the point we ought to talk about to you and your listeners, understanding that I'm not there, and I'm not a player, a participant, but yet I'm a player, one of the outside groups that finds his way in through cracks and corners and talks to the people over there.

I think they are trying to get something, led by the secretary of the Treasury, who's Geithner. . .

turn 0 : It is unlikely that the Congress and the president will be able to create a debt reduction bill that benefits the country and its people, and this will put a big pressure on the budget due to the tax problem

turn 0 : Jamal Khashoggi was killed by Saudi authorities after he walked into a Saudi Consulate in Istanbul.

turn 0 : A large national debt will lead to a non-functional country.

turn 0 : The Saudi leadership is responsible for the murder of Khashoggi, but they are trying to distance themselves from it

turn 0 : There are four possible scenarios for the crown prince's future in Saudi Arabia.


. . . The people coming forward on the basis that they were poor young girls who were often troubled families and in, you know, the care of the state.

Mr.  Ramesh, the five men arrested were all from the Pakistani community of Rotherham, and you have written about this, how did that perhaps complicate the situation?

Well, it complicated it because there was a feeling - or at least the report laid bare - this idea that people were afraid to speak out for fear of being called out as racists. Now, that's part of the story. We have a policy here of community cohesion. The government at the time wanted communities to work things out for themselves and have the gentle hand of government sort of prod them into action. But there was this idea that, you know, people couldn't speak out because of this. And unfortunately, that led to the situation - exacerbated a situation where people weren't paying attention anyway.

People were flabbergasted about the allegations about Jimmy Savile a couple of years ago, the longtime BBC host. And I wonder if people in Great Britain are turning to each other now and wondering - not to wrench things out of context - but if there's something going on and the way they behave as the nation that aids and abets a kind culture of silence when such allegations are made.

turn 3 : It implies that issue of rape and AIDS are interconnected and cannot be viewed in isolation from one another.

turn 3 : Jamal Khashoggi was killed by Saudi authorities after he walked into a Saudi Consulate in Istanbul.

turn 3 : The Saudi leadership is responsible for the murder of Khashoggi, but they are trying to distance themselves from it

turn 3 : This statement implies that President Trump has a history of not trusting U.S. intelligence agencies, which may affect his response to the CIA report on the killing of Jamal Khashoggi.

turn 3 : (4) B: People in Great Britain are turning to each other now and wondering - not to wrench things out of context - but if there's something going on and the way they behave as the nation that aids and abets a kind culture of silence when such allegations are made.


Do you think that this case is going to spur new changes to procedure or to policy regarding migrant care?

Investigations into this latest migrant death are still ongoing. The FBI, local police, CBP all have their own investigations, which may eventually shed some more light on what exactly went wrong here. But I think we're already hearing calls for these agencies to just follow the law and hand over migrant children to Health and Human Services within 72 hours as they are supposed to do. For their part, the agencies say they're trying to comply, but they need more resources. Not only are these Border Patrol stations overwhelmed, but the migrant shelters that are overseen by HHS are also near capacity.

One more thing - today the president appointed an immigration hard-liner, Ken Cuccinelli, to a post inside the Homeland Security Department. How could this affect immigration policy?

Right. This is the former attorney general of Virginia who ran for governor on a hard-line immigration platform a few years ago. He's already been a White House adviser on immigration. He has advocated for sending more troops to the border and stopping the migrant caravans that were a big story last year. Now Cuccinelli is going to have a formal role inside the Department of Homeland Security.

To me, this shows that President Trump is doubling down on his crackdown on immigrants that is likely to be a central focus of his 2020 reelection campaign. Though of course, as immigrant advocates point out, that strategy seems to have backfired, at least in part, when Republicans lost the House in last year's midterm elections.

That's NPR's Joel Rose. Joel, thank you.

turn 4 : The irony is that even though congressional Republican leadership may be opposed to Donald Trump's immigration policy, they still ultimately want to pass some kind of immigration reform.

turn 4 : A: "At the same time, I do believe that we need to find a way to deal constructively with undocumented immigrants, the majority of whom pose no threat to our communities."

turn 4 : The speaker wants to address the negative views towards immigrants in America and reject white nationalism and xenophobia

turn 4 : President Trump's immigration policy may have hurt Republican's midterm election results

turn 4 : The speaker is expressing concern that the justice system might be unfairly biased against certain individuals based on their race and access to resources.


UNIDENTIFIED REPORTER #2: Under the command of General Eisenhower, Allied naval forces supported by strong air forces began landing Allied armies this morning on the northern coast of France.

Ships deposited more than 150,000 Allied troops on the beaches of Normandy. German forces were waiting in the cliffs above, and they unleashed. Meanwhile, paratroopers boarded planes, took to the air and dropped behind enemy lines.

Oh, it was a lot of noise - one after another.

What did it sound like?

turn 0 : The friend is referring to the most prominent moment and time of the invasion.

turn 0 : The underlying trends and geographical concentration of incarceration disproportionately affect low-income communities of color, particularly young African-American males.

turn 0 : The prison industry has become too expensive for some states to handle and rehabilitation is a possible solution

turn 0 : Allied forces have begun their attack on France

turn 0 : a heavily African-American district' implies that the majority of the district's population is African-American


What did it sound like?

turn 1 : The size of the landing pad appears much smaller from space, highlighting the incredible precision required to land a rocket vertically.

turn 1 : I see means in this context I understand

turn 1 : A: "You didn't see that coming." - This phrase is often used figuratively to express surprise or unexpectedness, rather than referring to literal visual perception.

turn 1 : The turn in (2) is a figurative expression and its actual meaning is different from its literal meaning.

turn 1 : Allied forces have made a successful landing on Normandy


That was where I really developed my love for music. That was where all the walls and lines between music were just taken down for me when I was a kid because I just loved everything. I couldn't understand why everybody wouldn't listen to a country song, everybody wasn't listening to, you know, Rock n Rolls songs. I thought it was awesome.

Radio's gotten a lot more segregated since then, hasn't it?

Yeah. That's an understatement. I mean, the - today everything is so specialty oriented. It's one kind of music and that's all you get to hear on the radio and, you know, I liked it when I was a kid and you could hear anybody on the radio station as long as it was a good song or a hit.

So you go - you're in Hootie & the Blowfish, you have any number of talents and interests musically. "Learn To Live" is doing so well commercially. Your R&B record did not find quite the same home.

turn 1 : The music played in clubs and on the radio has changed significantly over time

turn 1 : The turn suggests that the speaker is feeling frustrated and overwhelmed.

turn 1 : "the worst feeling in the world" implies that not being recognized is the feeling that causes the most pain.

turn 1 : Everybody getting hurt doesn't mean physically hurt but that everybody is experiencing difficulties.

turn 1 : LOVE FOR MUSIC AND RADIO HELPS MORE TO HEAR MUSIC LIKE COUNTRYSIDE MUSIC


Ms.  JANE D'ARISTA (Director of Programs, Financial Market Center): Commercial paper typically is about one third of the assets held by Money Market Mutual Fund. So, the fact that they have been skittish, and fear runs from their clients has meant that they have not been buying. So, the Fed has decided that it's going to buy the paper and try to get investors back in with the assurance that there is a buyer out there, namely, the Federal Reserve itself.

And Mitchell, the Fed is also doing something later this week with regards to interest rates, right?

Right. The Federal Reserve's Open Market Committee meets tomorrow and Wednesday. It seems like there's almost no chance that the Fed will sit on its hands. Economists predict an interest rate cut of either a quarter point or a half point. A half point would bring the Federal Funds Rate down to 1 percent, which would be its lowest level in four years.

Thanks, Mitchell. That's Mitchell Hartman of public radio's daily business show, Marketplace.

turn 0 : Central bankers' actions have positively affected the market.

turn 0 : Money Market Mutual Funds have not been buying commercial paper due to fear, so the Fed is buying it to encourage investors.

turn 0 : None of the turns in this conversation have a figurative or non-literal meaning.

turn 0 : There are no turns in the given conversation that have a meaning different from their literal meanings. All the turns convey their literal meanings without any implied or figurative language.

turn 0 : All the turns in this conversation appear to have their literal meanings, and there are no metaphors, figurative language or idioms used.


Yes, we're all OK.  We're all safe. We're at his house in James City, thank goodness.

Yeah. I'm told you left after the evacuation order. May I ask why?

We made the decision to stay based on the fact that all of the ATMs were out of cash, there was a gas shortage, monetary reasons and concerns of not being able to get back in. I have my father, who is in a nursing facility fighting Stage 4 Hodgkin's lymphoma, and I was really concerned about what would happen with him.

How is your father?How is your father, may I ask?

turn 2 : The situation is so dangerous that people who refuse to evacuate should identify themselves in case of death.

turn 2 : The level of repression makes it hard for the country to function on all levels.

turn 2 : The people want visible and effective action against corruption and terrorism.

turn 2 : The decision to stay was based on financial and personal concerns, not just the evacuation order.

turn 2 : that the people don't want any more violence and want it to stop


turn 2 : The speaker is suggesting that the situation might not be as serious or dangerous as it initially seemed.

turn 2 : Oprah popularity and relevance seem to be diminishing due to her side in politics.

turn 2 : The speaker decided to stay because of the lack of resources and concerns about the safety of their father who is fighting Stage 4 Hodgkin's lymphoma

turn 2 : Oprah is worldwide. (This turn has an implied meaning that Oprah's cultural influence and recognition transcends different cultures and settings)

turn 2 : Oprah Winfrey's popularity in Saudi Arabia is unexpected.


Because presidents that are about to be removed from office see the writing on the wall. Richard Nixon had a very good sense of his waning support in the Senate. And when he saw it collapse, he realized that if he hung on, he would be removed, and he would lose his presidential pension.

Interesting. So one of the complaints that President Trump is making and that his supporters are making is that this is a purely partisan process. Has that complaint been made before?Is that what people normally say?Or is there something about this particular circumstance that's different?

The reason that impeachment was kept on the shelf for over a hundred years after the Johnson impeachment process was that it was viewed by all sides in the American political community as highly partisan. But it doesn't always have to be the case. And in the Nixon era - a period when I think we saw a model impeachment process - the democratic leadership bent over backwards to make the process as bipartisan as possible.

We keep hearing all kinds of comments from - particularly from former Republican members about what members of their caucus say privately. But there's no way to know how to evaluate that. We do know that publicly, the Republicans are insisting that this is partisan. The Democrats are insisting that no, it isn't. It's a constitutional matter. Do you see from where you sit a way to bridge this difference of perspective?

turn 0 : The current situation with the president and the special counsel is chaotic and lacks the same level of understanding and respect for the Constitution that Nixon had.

turn 0 : Speech has enabled us to communicate more effectively and creatively, enabling us to come up with solutions and strategies to deal with situations.

turn 0 : It doesn't actually speak, but it it does mean that nothing good comes from the information.

turn 0 : Nixon saw his support leave him and realized that if stayed president he would lose money.

turn 0 : The speaker is expressing amusement at the topic being discussed.


turn 2 : Democrats are usually in favor of reform while Republicans are not.

turn 2 : A: "breaking free from all of these identities and get down to that last one, which is human" - This turn is figurative language as it refers to the author's desire to move beyond societal labels and stereotypes and focus on our common humanity rather than actually breaking free from physical identities.

turn 2 : "mass confessions" - This phrase refers to a practice where members of the Brethren confess their sins publicly in front of the congregation. The literal meaning would be a large number of confessions happening at once.

turn 2 : the democrats did everything they could to make it look bipartisan.

turn 2 : The speaker is implying that the same divide between religious people and non-religious people is present across the political spectrum, not just within one party.


turn 3 : The implication is that the Republicans may have to use strong tactics to pass their agenda, even if it means having to pressure members of their own party.

turn 3 : The person wants to know what can be done to find a common thing the two political parties can agree on.

turn 3 : The speaker is telling a story about a Swedish prime minister who believed that the cause of a particular phenomenon was Russian submarines, while the scientists believed it was herrings farting. The story is likely fictional, and the implied meaning is that people in power may ignore scientific evidence and continue to promote their beliefs, even if they are not supported by facts.

turn 3 : Although the speaker says "we know that's true," they are not expressing a belief that the events described in turn (2) are factual. Rather, they are acknowledging the information that has been presented and using it as a basis to introduce a theory about what might have happened to the crewmen. T

turn 3 : This statement implies that the newspaper was taking extra precautions to ensure the accuracy of their reporting.


Well, Pluto's official designation is a dwarf planet. And I have to tell you the people who sent this probe all the way out to Pluto are a little angry about that because when they launched it a decade ago, Pluto was still a planet.

(Laughter).

It got downgraded in the intervening years.

That seems so unfair.

turn 0 : Not feedback from everyone in the universe but a wide variety of people on the planet giving feedback.

turn 0 : The actual meaning of this turn is to be aware of the potential consequences of what you write in emails and to be careful with what you say via email.

turn 0 : This implies that people have been hiding secret messages within a seemingly innocuous message, image, or other file in a way that is not apparent to anyone who is not the intended recipient for ages.

turn 0 : implies that this sensitive information could be used by malicious individuals to blackmail federal employees.

turn 0 : The people who sent the probe feel disappointed that Pluto was downgraded and their efforts were for nothing.


(Laughter).

That seems so unfair.

turn 1 : B is amused at the situation, showing empathy for the people who sent the probe.

turn 1 : B is impressed or surprised by what A said.

turn 1 :  "took some stock in the company as collateral" - refers to taking some shares of AIG as a security for the loan.

turn 1 : The new terms of the loan are unfavorable.

turn 1 : Despite having a good credit history, the credit was not available on time and it caused a lot of inconvenience


(Laughter).

That seems so unfair.

turn 3 : B is implying that the situation is challenging and nerve-wracking for those involved in the operation, not necessarily that A and their team are nervous.

turn 3 : The oversight of the bailout money may not be as strong as it is intended to be.

turn 3 : The bailout could have potential negative consequences for the average taxpayer

turn 3 : B is expressing sympathy for the people who sent the probe, showing that they understand why they feel so disappointed.

turn 3 : Companies are misusing bailout money and need to be held accountable and punished for doing so.


In a hospital.

Yeah.

Can we ask for the story about that?I mean, you didn't go out of your way to get married in a hospital. I guess in a sense, you did - right?

turn 3 : Turn (3) "Yeah, I think for those of us that are older, we call it a midlife crisis. We have these crises of confidence (laughter). But I don't think that's what was going through you" is an example of a turn whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning.  In this turn, the speaker uses the term "midlife crisis" in a humorous and light-hearted way to describe a general feeling of uncertainty or confusion that comes with getting older. The actual meaning of the turn is not that the speaker believes the interviewee was experiencing a midlife crisis, but rather that the interviewee was going through a difficult time of uncertainty and confusion.

turn 3 : implies asking for an opinion on Russia's ambitions.

turn 3 : They mean that this is not a small way of being associated with Russia.

turn 3 : (Laughter) We had applied to get married in Illinois. We had 60 days. We were never in the same town. My wife showed up, and we had one day left; and she walked in the door from Los Angeles, and I suddenly grabbed my stomach. I said, boy, I'm not feeling well. She said, you're not getting out of it that easy. But we wound up going to the emergency room. I had my gall bladder removed.  In this turn, the implied meaning is that the speaker's sudden stomach pain was a way for them to avoid getting married or to postpone the wedding. The literal meaning would suggest that the speaker's stomach pain was genuine and required medical attention, but the implied meaning suggests that it may have been a ploy to avoid the wedding.

turn 3 : (2) The implied meaning is that the Ukrainian president accused Russia of trying to provoke a military conflict, and that this accusation is related to Russia's actions in Crimea and in other former Soviet regions with large Russian populations. The literal meaning is consistent with this implied meaning.


Well, things are more quiet than usual. There's many, many fewer people and cars out on the street during the day because of the day of mourning. People are just (unintelligible). And it's also the weather is really bad. There is like a storm and cold and rain, so people are staying home, and then some people go out to celebrate New Year's Eve tonight. A lot of people won't because of the situation.

But it's a situation that is reflected all over the Arab world and many other parts of the world where people are really angry about what's going on. They think Israel is using excessive force. But they feel frustrated because they can't do anything about it, and their governments aren't - seemingly aren't doing anything about it either.

Leaders are calling for an end to the violence, but there hasn't been much talk in terms of specifics. What can be done to accomplish that goal of ending these attacks?

Well, if they wanted to do something, they could a lot - diplomatically, politically, economically - but they are really more talk than action. This is the problem. The Arab leaders I think genuinely share their people's anger with what's going on in the Israeli attack. Many Arab leaders are also angry at Hamas. They don't like Hamas very much.

turn 0 : 'many, many fewer people and cars out on the street during the day' implies that the streets are quieter than usual.

turn 0 : (1) is that people have become inactive or lacking in energy, and the speaker is suggesting that there are significant problems that need to be addressed in the city. However, the implied meaning is that people have become desensitized or accustomed to these problems, and the journalist should not make broad generalizations about the city without considering the struggles of its residents.

turn 0 : (2) The implied meaning is that the Ukrainian president accused Russia of trying to provoke a military conflict, and that this accusation is related to Russia's actions in Crimea and in other former Soviet regions with large Russian populations. The literal meaning is consistent with this implied meaning.

turn 0 : "It's about European values.It's about democracy and rule of law.Ukrainians are tired of corruption and poor governance.They want to live as in Europe."

turn 0 : In turn (2), B's comment about Ukraine owing billions to Russia is not directly related to A's comment about Ukraine's gas storage and long-term energy issues. B's comment is an implication that Ukraine's ability to address its energy issues may be hindered by its financial obligations to Russia. It also suggests a possible underlying political tension between Ukraine and Russia.


turn 1 : that the people don't want any more violence and want it to stop

turn 1 : In turn 2, the speaker is implying that even though Mr. Putin's arguments may sound familiar to those of Hitler in 1938, the analogy between the two is still an exaggeration.

turn 1 : The actual meaning is different from its literal meaning. The speaker is saying that the protest movement in Ukraine is not just about a trade agreement with the West, but rather about the desire for European values, democracy, and the rule of law. The literal meaning would be that the protest movement is not solely focused on trade agreements.

turn 1 : (2) implies that Russia's goal is to promote a worldview that everything is corrupt and that its tactics are meant to psychologically influence others;

turn 1 : 'Leaders are calling for an end to the violence, but there hasn't been much talk in terms of specifics.' implies that leaders are not taking specific actions to end the violence.


You know, I'm encouraged by the step. It makes it easier to deal with churches that have enabled or covered up sexual abuse. That being said, it is a framework only.

A framework only - what do you mean?

Well, it creates a new committee by which these claims can be vetted. What we don't know yet is who is going to be on that committee, what questions the committee will be asking as they consider whether or not churches are in violation of the SBC standards on sexual abuse. And so it really remains to be seen what is built on that framework.

Talk to me about the culture. I'm thinking of some reporting that our religion correspondent, Tom Gjelten, has been doing this week. He's been interviewing Southern Baptist women. And they describe a culture that is resistant to change. Has that been your experience as you've interacted with church leaders?

turn 1 : B disagrees with the premise of the question but is willing to discuss it further.

turn 1 : B doesn't understand the implications of the framework

turn 1 : Implied meaning: Is there any indication of what will happen next in the conflict?

turn 1 : In turn (4), the literal meaning is that North Korea's nuclear capabilities are something to be reckoned with and the speaker is asking why we shouldn't be concerned about this one move. However, the actual meaning is that the speaker is asking for an explanation as to why the reassembling of the site should not be a cause for concern, despite the fact that North Korea's nuclear capabilities are usually considered a threat.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker is suggesting that they are uncertain about the future outcome of a situation, and are not making any definitive statements or commitments. The tone and context of the statement could suggest that the speaker is being cautious, non-committal, or may be waiting for more information before making a decision.


Possible charges and possible indictment for bribery in a number of cases - and yet, that's not - it's barely scratching the surface here in the headlines. Netanyahu is poised to have a very strong few weeks. He is meeting Secretary of State Pompeo this week in Jerusalem. He goes to Washington next week, expected to meet Trump. Brazil's new president is visiting just days before the elections, and all of this could boost Netanyahu's profile.

And of course, people are following violence in the West Bank and Gaza happening at the same time. What's happening there?

Yeah. Yesterday a Palestinian stabbed a soldier, stole his gun, commandeered a car and fired shots. An Israeli soldier and a rabbi were killed. Another soldier was badly wounded. And this comes a week after two Palestinians were killed by Israeli fire. And then in Gaza, we've been seeing some rare protests against Hamas, against tax hikes there. All of this is a reminder that even though there's been a relative period of calm here, there is continuing tension. And when violence erupts, it can impact how Israelis vote.

Do you notice intense interest in this election, Daniel?

turn 0 : to surface in this context means that something has been kept secret but isn't anymore

turn 0 : something that was hinted at or suggested, but not directly stated.

turn 0 : "Scratching the surface" here implies that a topic or issue has only begun to be considered or addressed, and that the scope is much greater. It has nothing to do with actual scratching anything in the physical sense.

turn 0 : the phenomenon described in the book is extraordinary and could be perceived as a miracle by some readers, even though the literal meaning is simply acknowledging that the phenomenon is portrayed realistically in the book.


Oh, there are lots of modern blunders but not all of them are brilliant.

To be brilliant, it has to be truly an epic blunder, is what you're saying.

Well, it has to be something that in one way or another leads to a real breakthrough. You know, this is how I define, you know, a brilliant blunder and not just something that is a big mistake. I mean there are lots of huge mistakes.

While I was writing this book, when people would ask me what is your book about, I said, you know, it's about brilliant blunders and it's not an autobiography.

turn 1 : Implies that the situation is incredible and shocking, rather than simply saying that it is amazing.

turn 1 : The speaker identifies with various forms of art and culture, and has a deep appreciation for life and love.

turn 1 : The speaker is expressing appreciation for the opportunity of being able to discuss the issue.

turn 1 : To be brilliant it has to be an extremely large blunder.

turn 1 :  implies that the speaker is expressing gratitude for the other person's time and attention.


turn 1 : To be truly brilliant, a blunder must lead to a real breakthrough.

turn 1 : "they were shocked, stunned" implies they were surprised in a negative way.

turn 1 : Stunned and shocked means that they were surprised greatly by the information.

turn 1 : "shocked - really shocked" is a figurative way of expressing the speaker's strong emotional reaction.


turn 2 : This statement implies that the situation is unpredictable and confusing for many people.

turn 2 : The people want visible and effective action against corruption and terrorism.

turn 2 : There is doubt whether the Congress will be able to come up with a comprehensive solution for all the issues and it may require multiple attempts

turn 2 : It's getting harder to make people believe that the Supreme Court is not political.

turn 2 : A brilliant blunder is not just a big mistake, but something that leads to progress.


Can I say [expletive]?

Nope. You sure can't. So we're going to call them useless. Giertz lives on a houseboat in Sweden and has found fame through posting videos of her useless robots online.

The first one that I did with a robot arm is called the Breakfast Machine. And it's basically a robot arm that I programmed to pour cereal and milk into a bowl and then feed it to me with a spoon. But all it does is, like, pour the cereal everywhere.

It throws the packet on the floor and it pours milk everywhere, including over me. And it doesn't actually manage to feed me anything. But it does hand me an empty spoon, so it succeeded in that part at least.

turn 3 : having a hand in it implies being an agent, playing a part or the reason why something happens,  and not meaning to have a part of one's hand inside something

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is suggesting that they are uncertain about the future outcome of a situation, and are not making any definitive statements or commitments. The tone and context of the statement could suggest that the speaker is being cautious, non-committal, or may be waiting for more information before making a decision.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be suggesting that there are some hidden or unknown factors that could influence the situation being discussed.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: It's important to take a step back and reflect on our actions before making decisions.

turn 3 : (4) The robot arm did not actually succeed in feeding the person, despite handing them an empty spoon. The actual meaning is that the robot arm is not very useful or effective.


It is in both tinfoil and wax paper.

Oh, that's a good technique. You know, in San Francisco, they're really into the tinfoil wrapped, but a lot of people don't like that because it keeps the moisture in. It can get a little bit gooey or moist in unpleasant ways. So some people use wax paper but then, you know, the opposite can happen - it can dry out if you'll used tinfoil.

OK, so I rate it on five criteria. The first category is the tortilla.

turn 2 : walk me through means to explain why to the person asking

turn 2 : A is advocating for social and political change.

turn 2 : gravity implies that in politics a person's actions can hinder them from acting further

turn 2 : "engaged in the process" - this means actively participating in the political process, not just being present or observing it.

turn 2 : B: "OK, so I understand that you have a scoring system. So walk me through this burrito. Let's dissect this thing." - "Walk me through" and "dissect" are being used figuratively to mean that B wants A to explain the burrito in detail, rather than literally walking through or cutting open the burrito.


However, it's also this wonderful book about class and how we think about the way that books influence us. Every detail is amazing. I just - I - Claire Harman describes the aristocrat as being ripe and aged. It also really answers this essential question of how powerful can books be.

Barrie Hardymon, our books editor. And if you want specific recommendations, you can always tweet her @bhardymon, or tell us what you're recommending to your friends, @NPRWeekend.

Barrie, thanks for this.

You're welcome.

turn 0 : This statement of  A implies that the Aspirant is too old and does not have a good communication skill to be a leader.

turn 0 : it look like a meaningless. u can improve the sentence

turn 0 : be put right means that something should be made correct, or something should be corrected

turn 0 : "aristocrat as being ripe" implies aristocrat as being mature.

turn 0 : on and off means in this context that they are doing something then not doing something


Well, the Central Intelligence Agency was and, you know, theoretically they also were under the control of the mission. But that's - again, and that's why the senior agency thing becomes so muddled, were they or were they not, and also that special operations team, I don't think, was a working for the CIA. I think they were, you know, DOD asset that obviously was operating in support of the mission there on the ground. So who was in-charge remains a question. Obviously, the deputy from his testimony didn't think he had the power to do that, nor was the special operations commander on the ground able to take independent action apparently without going back to D. C.

And. . .

So that really raises some questions that we really ought to get to before the next one of these things pops up.

There was also confusion. Ordinarily there would have been military aircraft - Air Force planes on call on behalf of the - to support operations, if the mission called, but they were too far away.

turn 2 : "raises some questions" means that there are more questions out there that need to be answered.

turn 2 : They asked more questions to find out the answer and got one.

turn 2 : The interviewer reminds the speaker of what they've been saying, which is different from what the speaker is saying now.

turn 2 : "my pleasure" - This phrase is a polite way of responding to a thank you, but it does not actually mean that the person feels pleasure.

turn 2 : Pleasure to speak to you. (This is a polite way of expressing appreciation for the invitation to speak on the show.)


Thank you.

What's your game plan to recapture the glory days of Fischer versus Spassky?

Well, I think what I remember most clearly from my childhood, which inspires me in transforming chess into a spectator sport is having a radio under my pillow and listening to the Orioles games in Baltimore. Here in England, I try and remind people of listening to cricket on the radio. These were enormously popular ways of consuming sports, and you didn't really need to see anything. You have the same thing with chess. If you happen to have a computer at hand, you get brilliant new data visualization, which allows you to see with the eyes of a grandmaster. So, it's not at all the sort of paint-drying experience that you imagine.

How do you hope to get people who don't care so deeply about chess or might even not know how the game is played except the vaguely know that a checkmate is something good and the king is something that you aspire to be on the board. How do you get them interested?

Well, we don't probably. And I don't think it really matters. We hired a great media research company and we came to the amazing conclusion there are more people in America who play chess regularly now than there are people who play tennis and golf.

But to point out the obvious: the play chess, they don't watch it.

turn 2 :  The actual meaning of this turn is that professional athletes should take advantage of the opportunities they have and make the most of them, because they may not get the same opportunity again.

turn 2 : A's response is not directly answering B's question about the game plan to recapture the glory days of Fischer versus Spassky. Instead, A is sharing their inspiration to transform chess into a spectator sport and explaining how it can be consumed without the need for visual aids.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using a metaphor or analogy to convey a deeper meaning or idea, often related to emotions or personal experiences.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using a metaphor or analogy to explain or describe something, often to make a complex idea easier to understand or to create a vivid image in the listener's mind.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using metaphors or analogies to convey a complex idea or emotion in a more relatable or understandable way.


Hey, Lulu.

So, Gene, let's start by looking at the money involved in big-time college sports. You looked specifically at the Power Five.

Yup, the Power Five conferences - the SEC, the Big Ten, the Big 12, the Pac-12, and the ACC. They win all the trophies, and they make all the money. According to ESPN, in 2015, they made $6 billion.

Six billion?

turn 1 : It implies that Student-athletes are being exploited for their labor and not fairly compensated.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker's use of repetition or emphasis on certain words may convey a hidden or implied meaning, such as sarcasm, irony, or frustration, that complements or contrasts with their words.

turn 1 : B wants to discuss the financial aspect of big-time college sports.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker perceives that the turn may have an underlying or implied meaning that could be interpreted in various ways depending on the listener's perspective and context, and while not everyone may agree, most people are likely to recognize some level of subtext or hidden message.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using a euphemism or understatement to convey a more significant or sensitive message.


Hey, Lulu.

Six billion?

turn 2 : Whipping egg whites breaks down proteins and creates a structure that captures air bubbles, resulting in a fluffy foam.

turn 2 : Well, yes and no.I mean, the last cookbook like this which takes a long time to do, but I still hope to do some little thing with my daughter, maybe the lesson of a grandfather, you know, showing her how to do simple thing that we've done together.I have a great deal of fun cooking with her so maybe a little book.Certainly, some video will come with that, yes, hopefully.

turn 2 : The Power Five conferences win all the trophies and make a lot of money.

turn 2 : Hurry up and get started on the task.


Hey, Lulu.

Six billion?

turn 2 : A is telling a joke instead of discussing the topic

turn 2 : Implied meaning: This turn's use of humor or sarcasm may indicate a deeper subtext or intention, highlighting the potential for indirect communication to convey complex messages.

turn 2 : Turn 4 has an implied meaning that conveys a sense of irony or humor. While the speaker's comment is framed as a joke and elicits laughter from their conversation partner, it also carries a serious message about the importance of getting enough sleep.

turn 2 : The Power Five conferences dominate college sports and generate significant revenue.


Klay Thompson has made it very, very clear that despite the injury, he wants to stay there and that the Warriors have pretty much said that they're going to reward him as well for playing his guts out. He belongs with that team. The Warriors aren't going to be what they were, but, eventually, when those injuries are clear, they're still going to be a really good team.

Wimbledon begins next week. What are you watching for?

I'm watching for two things, and I'm really looking for Ashleigh Barty. I'm actually watching her in a couple of ways. One, she has the chance to become the first Indigenous player, obviously from Australia, to become world No. 1. She can do that tomorrow if she wins in the final at Birmingham. She can also - when Wimbledon begins, she can become the first Indigenous woman since Evonne Goolagong, also who was No. 1 in 1976.

My favorite player as a youth, yeah.

turn 0 : What people think of him has lessened due to the situation.

turn 0 : They are going to reward him for playing as hard as he could despite his injury.

turn 0 : B is interested in the connection between jazz and hip-hop in A's work.

turn 0 : A reflects on his childhood experiences of racism and isolation as the only black kid.

turn 0 : Even though they faced many obstacles in their music career, they persevered and continued to move forward.


What drew you to getting involved?

I made a comic about him earlier this year, and I sort of rallied this fan base of Nikola Tesla fans. And then I actually was involved in this little lawsuit in June. It was unrelated to Tesla. But as part of this lawsuit, I ended up starting a charity campaign, a crowd funding campaign to raise money for cancer and for the National Wildlife Federation. And it was a huge success. We raised like 10 times the amount of money we needed. Instead of raising 20 grand, we raised $211,000.

So then I heard in August about this real estate in Long Island that was up for sale that was Nikola Tesla's old laboratory, and I figured with my army of Tesla fans on the Internet and my previous experience with crowd funding, I thought I would be the perfect person to come in and see if I could make a difference.

Your comic, I think, is titled "Why Nikola Tesla Was The Greatest Geek Who Ever Lived. "Would you mind making that case for us?

turn 2 : Tesla is an underappreciated hero and people sympathize with him through the crowdfunding campaign

turn 2 :  (2) implies that B is wondering what the latest news or developments are in the situation,

turn 2 : Actual meaning: B is challenging A's position and implying that it is morally questionable. Literal meaning: B is asking A if they want to align themselves with people who cut 3 percent from the Meals on Wheels budget.

turn 2 : Actual meaning: B is bringing the conversation to an end because of time constraints, but expressing interest in having A return in the future. Literal meaning: B is stating that A will be invited back and that Michael Graham is the podcast editor for The Weekly Standard.

turn 2 : A thinks that with their army of Tesla fans and experience with crowd funding, they can make a difference in Nikola Tesla's old laboratory.


Well, after a while the winnings that I was getting wasn't enough. I always wanted more. And I found myself after a win and if I had to leave, I would always find myself the quickest opportunity to go back and win more and to win more and then I find myself going there every night and on the weekends and every opportunity. But in the winnings, I started to lose as well. And the more I lost, the more I wanted to return and reclaim my losses. And basically that got me started on a whirlwind and a cycle of - seem like never ending.

How deep do you think you were in it in terms of losses, total losses?

Oh, goodness. I would not say millions. But I would say hundreds of thousands.

And it changed your behavior with your friends and family, right?

turn 2 : The music business was losing a great deal of money with end in sight.

turn 2 : (3) Implied meaning: Despite the fact that Buchanan was liked for his civility, he was still an ineffective leader and failed to take action in a crucial moment.

turn 2 : The speaker is reflecting on the fact that Lincoln's willingness to work with his rivals was seen as a weakness by some in Washington at the time, but in hindsight, it was a display of personal strength and leadership

turn 2 : The speaker lost a significant amount of money through gambling.

turn 2 : (1) Implied meaning: Are you suggesting that despite the good things Franklin Roosevelt and Abraham Lincoln did, they were still wrong for certain actions?


Yeah.

I love salt.

You didn't see that coming. (Laughter) You love salt.

I totally didn't.

That's an essential mineral.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be hinting at a deeper meaning or intention behind their words or actions, which requires further investigation or understanding to fully grasp.

turn 2 : The line did not break but somewhere in time things got worse.

turn 2 : Implicated meaning: A is teasing or mocking B for not realizing that B loves salt. The phrase "You didn't see that coming" implies that B's love for salt was unexpected or surprising.

turn 2 : Fault lines are ways that people will get shaken up over events that are being caused by Putin.

turn 2 : can be cracked meaning the problem can be looked into and a solution found for it


Yeah.

I love salt.

I totally didn't.

That's an essential mineral.

turn 2 : I see means in this context I understand

turn 2 : The hurricane caused severe destruction and devastation in the area.

turn 2 : A: "You didn't see that coming." - This phrase is often used figuratively to express surprise or unexpectedness, rather than referring to literal visual perception.

turn 2 : So California has been where innovation has been occuring and tested.

turn 2 : The state of California is in financial trouble and may not be able to pay its employees or meet its financial obligations


Yeah.

I love salt.

I totally didn't.

That's an essential mineral.

turn 4 : Implicated meaning: The speaker is expressing a desire to create a character in their book who is strong and believable, rather than simply creating a character who is physically strong. The implied meaning is that the speaker values depth and authenticity in their character portrayal, rather than creating a one-dimensional, superficial character.

turn 4 : All the turns in this conversation appear to have their literal meanings, and there are no metaphors, figurative language or idioms used.

turn 4 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using metaphors or analogies to convey a complex idea or emotion in a more relatable or understandable way.

turn 4 : Implicated meaning: A is sarcastically downplaying the significance of B's love for salt. While the literal meaning suggests a factual statement about salt being an essential mineral, the tone and context imply that A is being dismissive or making light of B's statement about loving salt.

turn 4 : how it play out implies the final result of a thing or series of things that happened


. . . and copied the symbols that most closely resembled the text. And we had a friend who lived across the street who was an artist, and he helped me translate it into proper copy. And then we resubmitted it to Stan.

And Stan was stuck.

And so he smiled, accepted defeat, and this became the first page of this book.

All right, so this came to light recently because Stanley Fischer was head of the Bank of Israel, and he's nominated to be vice chairman of the U. S.  Federal Reserve. Somebody got the idea that it was about time to find out what this is all about, I gather.

Somebody thought - somebody in my team thought that it would be fun to actually put this as a challenge, and basically promised a prize to whoever would be able to make sense of that page.

turn 2 : 3: Stan accepted the challenge and was happy to see the result of it.  2: Stan was frustrated or overwhelmed

turn 2 : There were some personal problems, and he is trying to understand the reason behind them without being too direct.

turn 2 : The outcome of the parliamentary election is uncertain, and it is difficult to predict what will happen next

turn 2 : We saw reports of damage slowly come in to our studio. It is chaotic and confusing for everyone right after an earthquake and everyone is a bit stunned.

turn 2 : No one is currently out due to the strong winds


And Stan was stuck.

turn 4 : 5: Someone on A's team proposed the challenge as a fun activity, not as a serious test. There are no turns in this conversation whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings. All of the turns are being used in a straightforward and literal manner.

turn 4 : (2) Implied meaning: While individuals should have the right to own firearms, it is not practical to suggest the mass confiscation of all firearms in the country.

turn 4 : The literal meaning of the turn is asking why they want to cause violence, but the implied meaning is asking why they find violence appealing or attractive.

turn 4 : In turn (2), the speaker is describing the use of oversized slingshots in a conflict to throw pipe bombs farther than they would normally be able to reach. The literal meaning is a description of the physical objects and their use, but the implied meaning is the unusual and desperate measures taken in a violent conflict.


And Stan was stuck.

turn 4 :  Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples.

turn 4 : to move in direction in this context means to change something

turn 4 : to move around in this context means to move from place to place, like moving from one house to another

turn 4 : Despite the initial difficulty, the team persevered and eventually succeeded in translating the text.

turn 4 : "walked them right back" means retracting or withdrawing from a previously stated position, rather than physically walking backward


Yes, far more often. And I'm not sure we fully understand why. In this particular - the latest case, the president said he was not informed until 24 hours before Shanahan pulled out. That was just hard to believe. It's either that reflects gross incompetence on the part of his team in not telling him, or he's lying about it and/or some combination thereof. But we don't know the answer to that.

What we do know is there has been a pattern of withdrawals from nominations that were not fully vetted, or some things popped up at the last minute. You know, both the person nominated that the president wanted to be Army secretary and the person he wanted to be Navy secretary were both knocked out by disclosures that had not come up in the early vetting.

So who's supposed to find this stuff out in the early vetting?Whose responsibility is it?

There are two institutions that are responsible, take primary lead for it - nominees who require Senate confirmation. One first and foremost is the White House working in conjunction with the Internal Revenue Service, working as well with the FBI to do a thorough financial, legal and personal conduct - and that includes domestic violence - kind of search. While that is underway - and it can take a number of weeks - the Senate itself takes up a background check. And so it's almost shocking that the senators are saying they didn't know.

Every administration has some level of dysfunction. But in a White House that is running somewhat more smoothly than this one, how would this work when it's a well-oiled machine or something close to it?

turn 0 : The president is trying to prioritize the needs of those who have been forgotten by society.

turn 0 : The president may be lying about not being informed

turn 0 : The turn (3) by speaker B is an example of a statement whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning.  In this turn, speaker B uses a metaphor of a bucket of rice to explain the concept of DNA analysis and how it can be used to identify the origin of a sample. The actual meaning of the turn is that DNA analysis can reveal subtle differences in the genetic makeup of individuals, which can be used to identify their origin or other characteristics. However, the literal meaning of the turn is about a bucket of rice and the difficulty of identifying a few brown grains of rice in a sea of white grains.

turn 0 : The implied meaning is that A is inquiring about the details surrounding B's special person.

turn 0 :  A's turn does not contain any figurative language. The speaker is expressing their genuine reaction to the artist's work.


turn 3 : They don't think Nancy Pelosi would begin impeachment proceedings if she wasn't sure that what she knew would get the president impeached.

turn 3 : Although the literal meaning of this turn is simply an acknowledgement or agreement, the implied meaning behind it is that the speaker may not be fully engaged or interested in the conversation. It could be interpreted as a way of signaling disinterest or a desire to move on to a different topic.

turn 3 : The speaker is suggesting that there may be a hidden agenda or underlying motive behind their words.

turn 3 : (2) The literal meaning of this turn is a simple question, but the implied meaning is that the speaker wants to know what actions can be taken to address the issue being discussed and is seeking guidance or suggestions.

turn 3 : The senators should have known about the nominees' background check


Well, we think that the individual insurance markets need to be stabilized. There needs to be certainty. Right now, the insurance companies are putting together their plans for rating the 2018 insurance products, and they have no certainty from Congress regarding the support for insurance premiums for lower income people. Without knowing those, they don't know how to price their policies, and they're going to price them very high. So the bit - that's the biggest thing that needs to be addressed right now.

Dr.  Gurman, I move to ask you a question, both as a physician with a practice and the head of the AMA, how much time do you have to spend on matters that have nothing to do with medicine?

Well, unfortunately, a lot. We know from doing detailed studies where we actually follow doctors and minute to minute with a stopwatch find out what they're doing. The doctors are spending less than half of their time actually taking care of patients. So it's a big problem.

And how would you reduce that bureaucracy, though?Because, you know, bureaucracies run on (laughter) run on a paper trail in a sense.

turn 0 : (1) A: The speaker implies that the lack of certainty from Congress regarding support for insurance premiums for lower income people is causing instability in the individual insurance markets, which is leading insurance companies to price their policies very high.

turn 0 : Don't just paraphase the words! Find the implicated meaning! We don't want answers like: to be silent means stay quiet and not making noise, bad answer!  Please read the examples above carefully!      (1)	A:	Well, what it does is it does away with the prohibition against rating on pre-existing conditions, meaning that if you have a pre-existing condition - and about a third of us do - that you could be charged a much higher rate for insurance.So let me give you an example.Somebody is working, they have insurance, and they have a catastrophic illness - cancer, some other calamity.They have to stop working because they need to get their condition taken care of.If they're out for 60 days, they lose their insurance.And now, they have to pay whatever the insurance company decides is the premium because they are - now have a pre-existing condition.Somebody in that situation may never be able to accumulate enough money to pay the very high premiums and get back on the cycle of having continuous insurance coverage. (2)	B:	Now, of course, Speaker Ryan looks forward to what are called now high-risk pools.These would be plans that are essentially devoted to try and accommodate people who have expensive and pre-existing conditions.You're not convinced that would do it. (3)	A:	Well, I think that the problem with those is in the fine print.First of all, very often they are not adequately funded.And many of the high-risk pools have lifetime caps, lifetime limits. (4)	B:	What kind of reforms would you like to make?  Please choose the turns whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings.   (1)  (2)  (3)  (4)

turn 0 : White progressives cause harm to people of color despite their belief that they are not racist.

turn 0 :  implies that the Democrats should not become complacent with their current demographics and should focus on further outreach

turn 0 : The election of a Democratic House and the rise of white supremacy have made it possible for the issue of slavery and reparation to gain more attention.


turn 2 : (3) A: The speaker implies that doctors are spending a significant amount of time on non-patient care activities, which is a major problem in the medical industry.

turn 2 : Lack of medical resources and delayed operations have negative effects on patients' health.

turn 2 : The speaker is acknowledging the wealth of their country and how they have been living in luxury, but now they feel like beggars due to the sudden change in their circumstances.

turn 2 : The speaker is saying that money is important, but not as important as the enjoyment of cooking.

turn 2 : The sweet spot means they are in a good situation financially to lend to others.


turn 3 :  (2) implies that people are facing a lot of bureaucracy and paperwork,

turn 3 : "Obamacare" The actual meaning of this turn is not different from its literal meaning. It refers to the Affordable Care Act, which was signed into law by President Barack Obama in 2010.

turn 3 : The implied meaning of the speaker's response to the question of overturning the Affordable Care Act is that they don't only want to do away with it, but also to replace it with something better.

turn 3 : (3) A: The speaker implies that doctors are spending a significant amount of time on non-patient care activities, which is a major problem in the medical industry.

turn 3 : (4) B: The speaker implies that reducing bureaucracy is not as simple as just getting rid of paperwork, as bureaucracies are inherently reliant on established procedures and processes.


What about people who work for somebody who's in power and might not get the same guarantees?

Well, the problem with the guarantees is that who gives them?Because now there is a highly fragmented global community of attorneys, of activists, of non-governmental organizations and foundations that can't initiate proceedings against these people. Former Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet felt very safe in, you know, in a trip to Europe. And all of a sudden, he was taken into custody unexpectedly by a judge in Spain. And so, you know, no one today can offer foolproof guarantees to dictators that they will not be prosecuted once they are out of power or even if they are still in power.

If you take a look, for example, at Syria, have we seen that at play?

Yeah. Well, in Syria remember; we - the international community thought that Bashar al-Assad was gone and that his days were counted. And he's still there.

turn 3 : This is a day where a something very important has happened or is happening.

turn 3 : when someone or somethings days are/were counted means that they are dead, or for a company means going out of business, or in some cases it means the person is in trouble

turn 3 : A suggests that unpredictability may make the situation safer because there are no grand intentions.

turn 3 : This statement implies that FAA could not expect Boeing to essentially self-inspect their own aircraft.

turn 3 : Turn (4) is implying that even though research has been conducted in this area, law enforcement has not been paying attention to it and is only now beginning to do so.


I was broke, and I like my wine, and then I saw this woman buying wine, and I was like, no way. And she even had fancy shoes on. I looked at her. She's like, it's really good. And so, I was like, so that's when I bought a Sauvignon Blanc. And I was like, I got wine for the summer, thank God. And that was when I started thinking, maybe there's food here too.

Turns out there was lots of food. Most of it brands she hadn't heard of before or in boxes that were slightly misshapen or discolored, but what was inside tasted just fine, she says. And with a bit of creativity, Christiane realized 99-cent ingredients could turn into truly delicious dishes.

I'm really hoping that people are going to use this as an opportunity. I think the economy is going so downhill, and I think there's a way to just kind of keep a smile on your face and find cheap ways to still have fun. I hate it when people say, oh, I don't have money, so I can't do anything.

How much culinary expertise do you need?Is it good to have some basic cooking backgrounds before you take on the 99-cent cuisine?

turn 0 : broke implies having bodily injury and not referring to being financially ruined

turn 0 : Distinguishing between criminal acts and sleazy behavior, and whether people should lose their jobs over it.

turn 0 : I was broke implies being financially bankrupt and not implying having broken bones

turn 0 : The 'stop snitching' culture is related to the issue of race.

turn 0 : ISIS crimes did not make some women lose confidence


Well, I met him on the phone first. I asked him what he did and he said: Walter, I'm a freelance central banker. Other things that came up during the phone call - the fact that he'd never tasted Coca-Cola, never eaten in a restaurant - got me to thinking, I, as a fiction writer, have to meet this guy. It would be professional malpractice if I didn't.

Now, you met him finally. He said he lived in the same apartment building as Tony Bennett, as a matter of fact. This struck you as a building where a rich person might live but. . .

Well, you know, it was a block off of Central Park. He invited me up and there was no furniture, no real food in the kitchen. But there was what appeared to be, em, maybe $80, $90 million worth of Jackson Pollocks, Rothkos, and de Koonings hanging on the walls.

Was he brilliant at some level?

turn 3 : "Top of the world" is not literal, it just means the man was very successful at the time.

turn 3 : Was he brilliant at some level? - Implied meaning: Was he very wealthy or successful?

turn 3 : Farmers need credit to buy expensive inputs like fertilizer.

turn 3 : Water infrastructure is a critical yet underappreciated aspect of our economy and daily lives, and requires more attention and investment.

turn 3 : When you hand out money quickly with no regulations people will spend it on things that are not needed.


I suppose that reaching young people would be the appropriate place to go to try to build a new sensibility about Africa?

I had this girl in Oakland come up to me, and she says why are you talking to us?I look around the audience here and the kids sitting alongside of me, the people who can make a difference are people with influence, people with money, and the people sitting by me have neither. I said it is so much more than you think in terms of the influence you have and the power you have, the sense of passion you have.

You know, they haven't settled yet often in high school and stuff. We get older and we seem to just settle and say, well that's the way it is and the edge seems to be taken off. But they're at high school, and at colleges, universities, they haven't settled for less and it is - it's inspiring for me as I see the activism that's happening.

Now, does it happen within your own family?I don't know the ages of your children, but I wonder if your passion has been passed down to them?

turn 0 : Kids like to learn about everything and they are always questioning what they see.

turn 0 : It is becoming very dangerous for workers to run Ebola clinics

turn 0 : They suppose that informing young people in an engaging way would be appropriate.

turn 0 : The response to the Ebola outbreak in DRC is not going well and there are a lot of challenges to overcome

turn 0 : The fight against Ebola is not just a health problem, but also a political one


Well, let's talk about the walk back because we had seen vague reports that China was reneging on something it had agreed to but not a ton of detail. What exactly did China say, ah, we don't want to do?

Well, there's a tactical side to this, and there's something of a cultural side. The tactical side is that China, not unlike the Trump administration, is trying to get the best possible deal that it can to do as little as possible to please Trump. So it's not unusual that they would try to walk back some of their agreements at the last minute.

But the real issue is that they had agreed to make some structural changes - difficult structural changes to the Chinese economy. And this involves things like decreasing subsidies to state-owned enterprises, more guarantees of openness to American companies, protections for intellectual property. They did not like having those promises committed to paper in this 150-page agreement. Those had to be made public. And it looks like a concession to the Chinese people.

OK. So they didn't want to go as far as the Trump administration wanted them to go - at least not in writing.

turn 1 : China is trying to negotiate the best possible deal while doing as little as possible to please Trump.

turn 1 : China is willing to support North Korea's terrible regime to prevent its collapse and the horrible situation that might ensue

turn 1 : (3) Had a mandatory evacuation been ordered, they would have had to evacuate the hospitals.

turn 1 : B is asking about A's plans after the storm, assuming that they are in the hospital for a reason.

turn 1 : The coincidence of being evacuated twice is unusual


turn 2 : China did not want to commit to difficult structural changes in their economy in writing because it would look like a concession to the Chinese people.

turn 2 : It implies that there is a lot of political maneuvering happening behind the scenes in China which an average Chinese person have no knowledge about.

turn 2 : The situation is so dangerous that people who refuse to evacuate should identify themselves in case of death.

turn 2 :  "Let's start by talking about a feature called automatic emergency braking."

turn 2 : (3) Had a mandatory evacuation been ordered, they would have had to evacuate the hospitals.


Non-binary meaning they don't identify as male or female. They and many other English speakers have been using they like this for years. Here, Emily Brewster will use it in a sentence.

Here is my friend J. They will be joining us for dinner. The they is referring to this individual who is standing right here.

Now, there's been criticism of this usage - some by those who don't understand why someone might identify as non-binary but also by those who are put off by this change in grammar. They - the critics - say it's confusing to hear they are in a sentence if the speaker is only referring to one person. But our word expert disagrees. Brewster says we already do this with another pronoun.

The word you was originally a plural pronoun, and in the 14th century, it started to slide toward this use of being both plural and singular. And so when I am speaking to you, an individual, a single person, I say you are. I don't say you is. The you are is grammatical.

turn 0 : Implied meaning: People are feeling resentment and anger towards people who think they don't have to follow the same rules as everyone else.

turn 0 : People are spending more on alternative medicine than primary care.

turn 0 : The criticism is by some that are offended by the langauge.

turn 0 : The Koch network uses health care as a ploy to gain Republican support.

turn 0 : Growing up in an impoverished neighborhood hindered A's path to become a medical doctor.


turn 3 : This turn is literal in meaning, as it is a straightforward question asking about the speaker's children.

turn 3 : The usage of the word started to become used as singular and plural.

turn 3 : to make a switch mean they go do something else.

turn 3 : don'ts  refers to unacceptable behavior and activities

turn 3 : at the end of the day means something is likely going to happen or what happens after everything else.


. . . back in the - I think the big telescopes like Hubble and other ground-based telescopes will be used to observe the impact site if any debris appears. In fact, back in 2009, there was an impact of a much larger asteroid on Jupiter that caused a really - a debris cloud on Jupiter that was about as big as the Pacific Ocean.

Wow.

And the newly repaired Hubble was used to observe that impact, and a lot was learned about that impact from Hubble observation.

So folks are really tweaking it up now. I mean, and having a good weekend, you just need a nice clear sky, and you too might discover something.

turn 3 : B is making a sarcastic remark about the difficulty of discovering something new with telescopes.

turn 3 : B is expressing sympathy for the people who sent the probe, showing that they understand why they feel so disappointed.

turn 3 : Hillary Clinton would also generate a lot of interest.

turn 3 : Despite mixed feelings about Joe Biden, many assumed Obama would choose him as his VP.

turn 3 : There are dangers that cause problems by doing these polls.


Wow.

turn 3 : Studying the nearest stars is interesting because it increases the chances of contacting intelligent beings

turn 3 : The regime has been causing damage to the country and harming innocent people.

turn 3 : A clear sky is all you need to make discoveries.

turn 3 : The people want visible and effective action against corruption and terrorism.

turn 3 : The Russian goverment doesn't get many chances to do the right thing where people all over the world will see and know about it.


Another effort to repeal the Affordable Care Act gained steam last night. A federal judge in Texas ruled that the law is unconstitutional. We're joined now by NPR's health policy correspondent, Alison Kodjak. Alison, thanks so much for coming in.

Thanks for having me, Scott.

This decision was received last night. What's it say?

Well, it's a pretty sweeping decision, actually. This judge ruled that the entire Affordable Care Act, which famously ran more than a thousand pages long, was unconstitutional. The case was brought by 18 Republican attorneys general, and it was led by Texas AG Ken Paxton.

turn 0 : President Trump is taking actions to repeal Affordable Care Act

turn 0 : The Affordable Care Act is being challenged by Republicans.

turn 0 : Being good at something is not enough for success.

turn 0 : Being honest about the current situation can help restore confidence

turn 0 : Breaking rules is necessary to be remembered and successful.


Thanks for having me, Scott.

turn 3 : This implies that there is a contradiction between the state bill against abortion and  Roe v. Wade.

turn 3 : The judge ruled that the entire Affordable Care Act is unconstitutional

turn 3 : A implies that the impact of the spoon on people's perception of food is not significant but it is a curious question.

turn 3 : Food is the most important think for each any every human.

turn 3 : The World Food Programme has to decide who is not going to get food due to the lack of resources, and those who are most in need often have to go without.


I think that we need to have a conversation and debate on what it means to be a Republican. Traditionally, the Republican Party stood for some level of financial conservatism. That seems to have been thrown out the window of late, as you see, got instance, with this latest debt deal, the president adding $2 trillion of additional debt to the national debt and a third of a trillion dollars in new spending over the next two years without even a debate.

I think we need to have a conversation about where we're going on trade. I think we need to have a conversation with regard to institutions and political norms which the president has thrown out. But that has historically been the glue that has held together that balance of power that makes our system work, and I think we need to have a conversation on town.

I think that some might argue that the way that those intra-party debates take place is exactly in the kinds of positions that you have had in down-ballot races. I mean, you lost the Republican primary to a candidate endorsed by President Trump, so I think some might argue, asked and answered.

Well, there's a difference between a battle and a war, and I would say that as Republicans, in some cases, we're winning battles but losing wars. So what happened in that race after I lost the primary was that for the first time in about 50 years, the seat went Democrat.

turn 0 : Nothing was thrown at a window, but financial conservatism has been disregarded by the republican party.

turn 0 : The government has not handled the financial crisis effectively.

turn 0 : black per person implies African American person  and not a black color human being

turn 0 : The remark had racial undertones because of his skin color

turn 0 : The speaker is asking if the listener believes in racial justice and if it is possible to achieve it. The speaker suggests that African-Americans have debated this issue for a long time, indicating that it is a complex issue.


This is WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. I'm Scott Simon. There's a big bank on trial, but this one's not on Wall Street. The Arab Bank based in Jordan is being tried in New York federal court. They've been accused of funneling tens of millions of dollars to the families of suicide bombers and terrorists who are affiliated with Hamas. The trial will determine whether the bank should be liable for attacks that killed Americans between 2001 and 2004. Jessica Silver-Greenberg is a business reporter for The New York Times and has been covering the story. Thanks so much for being with us.

Thank you for having me.

Tell us please about the plaintiffs - in this case, survivors and families of people who were harmed in terrorist attacks?

So the plaintiffs in the case - there are almost 300 plaintiffs. And they represent those who were killed, injured or had a family member killed in 24 Hamas attacks.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker's tone, emphasis, or inflection may convey emotional or personal attitudes or opinions, even if the literal meaning of their words does not explicitly express these feelings.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker's use of a particular tone or inflection may suggest a certain attitude or emotion, such as sarcasm, excitement, anger, or sadness, which can provide additional context or subtext to the words being spoken.

turn 1 : The music in the beginning sounded like rap to me, which is a form of music that has a strong focus on rhythm and poetic lyrics.

turn 1 : The speaker is mentioning a song that reflects their current emotions.

turn 1 : The singer is not actually asking someone to show them the way home but rather expressing their loneliness and desperation due to feeling lost and without direction.


Those are the main parts. So they're saying that when the mandate penalty goes away next January, the protections for preexisting conditions should go away as well. That's not exactly what the attorneys general were arguing, but that's what the Justice Department position is.

How might this change how individual people are covered and treated in this country?

Well, immediately, of course, it wouldn't. The Justice Department isn't asking for anything immediately. Obviously, this is a lawsuit, and it could take months or even years to work its way through the courts. But it does certainly raise the prospect of a court decision that would say there could be no more protections for people with preexisting conditions. That's one of the most popular parts of the health law.

We've been getting reports from all over the country about how health care premiums are going up. Why is that happening?Do you expect it to keep happening?

turn 0 : Victims did not have any legal rights until recently.

turn 0 : The song title is "I Can't Make You Love Me"

turn 0 : The music in the beginning sounded like rap to me, which is a form of music that has a strong focus on rhythm and poetic lyrics.

turn 0 : The Justice Department position is that preexisting conditions should not be protected

turn 0 : The speaker is mentioning a song that reflects their current emotions.


turn 2 : A court decision may eliminate protections for people with preexisting conditions

turn 2 : It is being implied that it will be difficult to proceed to court.

turn 2 : There are recent hit songs in the top 10 chart.

turn 2 : What matters is how the song makes a person feels and how it sounds.

turn 2 : Despite the relatively short period since its launch, iTunes has sold a lot of songs.