Well, it's - the prosecutors are saying that, essentially, they've got easier access to Julian Assange. He's no longer holed up in the Ecuadorian Embassy. He's in custody in the U. K. , so it's more feasible. I mean, they haven't proven him to be guilty or innocent, but the evidence hasn't changed. It wasn't due to a lack of evidence that they decided not to question him. It was pure logistics.

As we mentioned, the U. S.  is trying to extradite him, as is Sweden. Is there a chance that there could be competing claims against him here?

Yeah. The big question is who's going to get the chance to speak to him first?And Swedish prosecutors at their press conference - they basically said, we're going to let the U. K.  decide, but it could well be that it's down to the home secretary in the U. K. , the interior minister, to decide which of the countries he thinks has a more pressing case. Should it be the rape charges, or should it be the hacking classified military secrets in the U. S. ?

And there are also time considerations here. Tell us about the statute of limitations.

Yeah. In Sweden, there's a certain time limit for different kinds of crimes. And for rape, it's 10 years. So there's about a year to go before that statute of limitation limit is reached, which means there really is a time squeeze on authorities.

turn 0 : "He's no longer holed up" implies that he is no longer staying in the Ecuadorian Embassy, not that he was in an actual hole.

turn 0 : Embassy guards are not responsible for the overall security of the embassy compound.

turn 0 : "Digs in" is not literal. It is a metaphor implying that he, like soldiers in a trench, will not back easily away from his position.

turn 0 : Embassy guards don't provide overall security for the embassy compound

turn 0 : It was negligent of immigration authorities to not take Carlos Hernandez Vasquez to the hospital


turn 4 : "a time squeeze on authorities" implies that there is not a lot of time before that statute of limitation limit is reached, not that time is actually squeezed.

turn 4 : They are implying that they are short on time

turn 4 : It is being implied that the criminals are having a difficult time.

turn 4 : to loosen the credit squeeze means that credit is very harsh and it needs to be less harsh in this context


Yeah. The O'Neal family says that it shows cold-blooded murder. There is certainly rough language. I saw about nine minutes of one video. I think a lot of civilians might - it's a confusing thing to see. It's a - it's a crime scene after all, and it begins with the police car being sideswiped by a car stolen by the young man. At least one officer thought he'd been shot at.

Right. And it is - it is, among other things - first of all, you do not see the shooting of the 18-year-old because the officer who did the shooting, the fatal shooting, which was a gunshot to the back, was not his - his personal camera, body camera, was not turned on for whatever reason. But you see the vantage point of nine cameras, some worn by police officers, some on the dash boards of the car. And what you see is the kind of adrenaline and mayhem of police officers trying to corner a suspect.

And so when you finally do see Paul O'Neal, he is on the ground, face down. He's being handcuffed. Blood is coming out of his back. An officer has a foot on one of his legs as if to restrain him. And there's confusion because police are saying to each other, did you shoot?Were you shot at?And so there is a kind of mayhem quality.

In the time we have left, police and others have suggested that some of this, once again, an increase in homicide is because many gang leaders have been jailed or killed. How does that follow?

turn 0 : implies that the speaker was advocating for themselves to be violently punished,

turn 0 : "it's not a real kill, it's a demo kill" - The literal meaning is that a demonstration kill took place, but it was not a real kill. The implied meaning is that the system being demonstrated is capable of killing real targets.

turn 0 : It is unclear exactly what the motive for the actions was.

turn 0 : The phrase "cold-blooded murder" implies that the act was done with a clear intention to kill, indicating that it was done without any emotion or hesitation.

turn 0 : The word 'Cold' does not literally mean they are cold and chill, it has the implied meaning that they are not in good terms


A slow cooker does seem to be good for jam - doesn't it?- because it takes. . .

It is great.

. . . A lot of the drudgery out, yeah.

Yeah, it takes a lot of that stirring - and, you know, the worst thing you can do with a jam is spend an arduous amount of time cleaning fruit, getting it together and getting it into a pot and then torching and scorching the bottom of it because of an open flame and a little bit too high heat. The slow cooker really just mellows that out.

turn 1 : I don't like it so it sounds bad, or sounds ugly.

turn 1 : The slow cooker is a much easier and less time-consuming way to make jam.

turn 1 : Well, yes and no.I mean, the last cookbook like this which takes a long time to do, but I still hope to do some little thing with my daughter, maybe the lesson of a grandfather, you know, showing her how to do simple thing that we've done together.I have a great deal of fun cooking with her so maybe a little book.Certainly, some video will come with that, yes, hopefully.

turn 1 : Leaning into your gas grill meaning simply use the grill.

turn 1 : It's not an extremely hard and complicated procedure to perform.


Well, yes, they are because the concern here is that if you do it for medical research, what's to stop other scientists to try to do it for other reasons, like, for example, to try to create designer babies that are taller or smarter or better athletes?Now, we're nowhere near being able to do anything like that. But the concern is that this could open the door to someday creating genetic haves and have-nots.

So, Rob, these CRISPR researchers are involved in projects that have tremendous promise to benefit our lives, but also raise very difficult ethical and moral questions.

That's right. That's right. And another example I could give you is I just got back from a trip to London. And there, scientists are using CRISPR to genetically modify mosquitoes that spread a mutant gene to wipe out the mosquitoes that spread the malaria parasite. And the idea there is to try to wipe out this disease that kills hundreds of thousands of people every year, most of them children.

Now, the fear here is that they're using CRISPR to modify these insects with something known as a gene drive. And a gene drive spreads a genetic modification through an entire species really quickly. So something could go wrong. You know, it could wipe out an entire species of mosquito. And that could upset the delicate balance of an ecosystem some way that could maybe unleash some new epidemic or cause the ecosystem to collapse and cause famine.

turn 1 : The literal meaning of this sentence is asking what other studies are being conducted using CRISPR. However, the implied meaning is that the stakes are high and the researchers need to be careful to ensure the success of the study.

turn 1 : Ethical and scientific considerations need to be taken into account before using embryonic stem cells in humans for generating cells that look like eggs.

turn 1 : The use of synthetic biology is likely to be controversial as it involves scientists manipulating and creating living organisms.

turn 1 : implying that there are ethical and moral considerations to be taken into account when conducting CRISPR research

turn 1 : The biological threat to the country is a serious concern due to the availability of DNA synthesizers and dual-use technology


turn 3 : The use of synthetic biology is likely to be controversial as it involves scientists manipulating and creating living organisms.

turn 3 : The potential consequences of genetic engineering could be extreme and far-reaching.

turn 3 : There are so many genes that it is difficult to determine which ones are important

turn 3 : The speaker is emphasizing that any potential genetic effects found in their study are insignificant compared to the overwhelming impact of human activities on the environment.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: DNA may not be suitable for carrying out everyday tasks due to its slow processing speed.


That is very funny. What about dessert?Give me a dessert for the holidays that you love.

One of my favorite ones is this cornmeal and rosemary cake. So we use polenta corn meal and a little bit of rosemary. And you bake it, it becomes basically like a pound cake. It's buttery and rich. It's the holidays. That happens. Sometimes I stud it with some cranberries for some color, other times I do not. It depends on my mood. And then I top it with a balsamic syrup. So I reduce balsamic, gets nice and thick like a chocolate sauce, and then I pour it over the top. I can't tell you - breakfast, lunch dinner, whatever, snack, it is phenomenal. It's one of the those things I keep in my house during the holidays.

That sounds fantastic. So, you're a mother now, and your baby's first Christmas is coming up. How's that going to affect you to have someone - a little tiny one to take through the holidays?

You know, she's now about eight months, and so she's not quite a year old yet.

turn 1 : It is not that is something to be tasted. It is something people don't like to hear about.

turn 1 : The speaker is emphasizing the importance of developing a skillful touch when baking, which can only be achieved through consistent practice.

turn 1 : The pot pie looked like it had been professionally made and then served in an expensive manner.

turn 1 : The cake is not made of traditional cake ingredients.

turn 1 : The actual meaning implied here could be that whatever "it" refers to has a strong presence or quality of plant-like characteristics. It might not necessarily mean that "it" is literally made of plants or vegetables.


Inside the box is a hand mirror, which is made not from glass but of pumiced metal. It has a wooden handle decorated with gold. The Egyptians weren't alone. Through the ages, women have had their cosmetics and must-haves. Curator Jane Adlin said the French called their ornate cosmetic boxes necessaires.

You would find tiny little perfume flasks, combs, nail files, tiny scissors. These are clearly meant for the luxury market and were pieces that could have been owned by Madame de Pompadour or royalty, and were carried by their maids and brought out when the madam would ask for a comb or whatever.

Finally, someone placed the box on a table and drew up a chair.

When portables and tables come together and become the dressing table - and that's sort of late 1700s. And by the mid-1800s, the dressing table has become this sort of extraordinary furniture piece of the beginning of the era of the dressing table.

turn 2 : laying it out implies that it was explained to others

turn 2 : Come to the table means to show up or to engage with others.

turn 2 : implies that the box was placed in a specific location in preparation for someone to use it, rather than just setting it down on a table.

turn 2 : The speaker is suggesting that the situation might not be as serious or dangerous as it initially seemed.

turn 2 : when something is front and center in this context it means its out in the open, or some type of problem everyone notices


I mean, that's something that I wouldn't say I'm worried about, but it's definitely something that I'm thoughtfully considering, as well as I know my colleagues will be.

So how do you protect against that risk?

I do feel like that fear is overstated when it comes to the IPO tax. No. 1 - it's a very small tax. We're talking about 1. 5% on the immense wealth that'll be flowing in when these companies go public. I'm very interested in ensuring that we have a balanced economy here in San Francisco that includes a tech sector but also supports other sectors that haven't benefited from the same tax breaks.

Now, San Francisco is a city where a family of four earning $117,000 a year qualifies as low-income, according to the Department of Housing and Urban Development.

turn 2 : Many people are losing their jobs and companies are going bankrupt.

turn 2 : Explaining that the fear related to the IPO tax is overstated and that a balanced economy including other sectors should be supported

turn 2 : Giving a tax break to a multi-billion dollar company is controversial

turn 2 : Tariffs put us out of the market and make us uncompetitive

turn 2 : The economy is doing very poorly, and consumers are struggling to pay their debts and bills.


I don't think that realistically it means that they could crush them. Of course it would give Assad and his supporters more opportunity to attempt to crush them, but they haven't been able to crush them. And I don't think the balance of fighting over the last several years has been all that favorable to Assad. So I think more likely is an outcome in which there are more casualties, more destruction, more loss of life.

So what's the advantage in a six-month waiting period for a cease-fire?

I don't think they agreed to have a waiting period. I think this is a prognosis - a hopeful prognosis - and that might even entertain the notion that perhaps it could be sooner. I think if the United States and Russia, and Russia using its influence on Syria comes along also, then perhaps there might be more tangible progress in less time than six months.

And what are the common interests, as you see it, that the United States and Russia have in Syria?

turn 2 : Although the literal meaning of this turn is simply asking for a description of the current situation, the implied meaning behind it is that the speaker is expressing frustration or confusion about the conflicting messages they have heard from President Trump regarding the removal or retention of U.S. forces in Syria. It could be interpreted as a way of questioning the credibility of the information that has been provided so far and seeking clarification or a more definitive answer.

turn 2 :  (2) Implied meaning: The US is in a difficult situation with North Korea and Russia, and the president's actions have made it even more difficult.

turn 2 : The literal meaning of turn (1) is a request for information about the options available to the United States at present. The implied meaning, however, is that the speaker is concerned about the situation in Syria and is looking for possible courses of action that the United States could take to address the root cause of the humanitarian crisis there. The speaker believes that the Assad regime's practice of shelling populated areas not under its control is the main driver behind the crisis and that this should be the focus of the United States' response.

turn 2 :  A's actual meaning in this turn is that the United States and Russia, along with Russia's influence on Syria, could potentially make progress on the cease-fire in less than the suggested six-month waiting period.


Well, it's changed many, many things - color's absolutely everywhere. So, wherever I look there's music now. Going to the museum now, I can listen to an Andy Warhol, I can listen to a Picasso. And when I listen to music, it happens the other way around. I feel color, so it's changed the way they perceive not only (unintelligible). So, daily places, such as supermarkets, 'cause there's many, many colors there.

Mr.  Harbisson, you co-founded the Cyborg Foundation. What do you do and what do you mean when you list one of the goals of the organization to defend cyborg rights?

Well, now, cyborgs are a minority group. There are no laws defending the right to use technology as a part of the body. And then we want to defend the right of anyone who feels their right of wearing technology as part of the body has been in danger. In cases like not being allowed into a shop, for example, or not being allowed in a cinema, 'cause they think that they might be doing something illegal, or just the simple fact of being able to appear on your passport photo with your cybernetic extension if it appears on your head.

Now, I gather you can now appear that way on your passport photo?

turn 2 :  "form of thought police" - the literal meaning of this phrase would be a physical agency that enforces particular thoughts, but the actual meaning is a regulatory body that ensures impartiality in broadcasting.

turn 2 : (3) has an actual meaning different from its literal meaning. The speaker is discussing how video games can impose consequences for harming civilians in-game, and how this is similar to the rules set by the Geneva Conventions in real-life conflicts. The implied meaning is that video game developers have a responsibility to consider the consequences of their game mechanics and the messages they send to players.

turn 2 : (3) The literal meaning of this turn is that A failed to protect others, but the actual meaning is that A was only concerned with protecting themselves.

turn 2 : to hold something in this context means that the person has power

turn 2 :  "defend cyborg rights" - the actual meaning is advocating for the legal recognition and protection of individuals who have integrated technology into their body as a part of their identity. The literal meaning would be physically defending cyborgs.


ORDOÑEZ: Well, Chief of Staff Mick Mulvaney was on shows this morning defending the administration, defending the White House, saying Democrats like Swalwell, who we just heard, are trying to score political points on the tragedy, saying that about some of the other Democratic candidates who are still in the presidential race. Mulvaney himself is calling the shooter a sick person and says drawing anything other than that is wrong or fair - trying to blame the president is unfair.

This was a sick person. The person in Dayton was a sick person. No politician is to blame for that. The people responsible here are the people who pulled the trigger. We need to figure out how to create less of those kinds of people as a society and not trying to figure out who gets blamed going into the next election.

ORDOÑEZ: And Trump himself, you know, at a rally in Charlotte last year, he said the White House didn't blame Bernie Sanders when one of his supporters went out and shot a Republican lawmaker during a baseball practice. They're saying they want the same type of response.

: And where does the White House stand in terms of policy solutions?

turn 0 : White House conducts briefings in an inappropriate way.

turn 0 : Mulvaney is defending the White House and administration

turn 0 : Republicans in Congress are complicit in Trump's attacks on democracy.

turn 0 : Republicans in Congress are not doing enough to hold Donald Trump accountable for his actions and words

turn 0 : Congress and the president are not working at the moment.


turn 1 : The shooting was a terrible tragedy and has left a lot of hurt and healing needed in the community.

turn 1 : It's hard to determine who could have committed the shooting at Compound due to the diverse audience

turn 1 : The Sandy Hook shooting radicalized A against gun violence.

turn 1 : There might be more alleged victims in the federal indictment

turn 1 : No politician is to blame for the shooting in Dayton


Now we'd like to meet one of the country's newly minted geniuses. We're talking, of course, about the latest recipients of a MacArthur Fellowship. People often call them Genius Grants. The fellowship awards $625,000 over five years to people working in any field who show extraordinary originality in their creative pursuits, no strings attached. One of the prizes went to attorney sujatha baliga. She spent much of her professional life studying and advocating for the use of restorative justice. That's a way of approaching a crime or an incident of wrongdoing with a goal of finding a resolution that centers healing for everyone involved, including the person who committed the crime or offense. And sujatha baliga is with us now from San Francisco. Welcome. Thank you so much for joining us. Congratulations.

Thank you so much. Such a joy to be on your show today.

I do want a mention that the MacArthur Foundation, who awards the Genius Grant, is among NPR's financial supporters. With that being said, you know I'm going to ask you what it was like to get that phone call. Where were you?What were you doing?

So here's the thing. I think I'm in a different situation than some of the other fellows because I had had this opportunity to bump into the director of the program in April. And she'd given me her card and asked me to be in touch about people who I really respected in my field. And so I was thinking, it was this amazing opportunity to lift up the names of people who are working to end mass criminalization or people who I've respected for decades, to try to get their names into her ear.

turn 3 : is to practice or prepare for a performance.

turn 3 : To bring recognition to several people in the field.

turn 3 : Their notion is to do as much as you can and don't think about the numbers too much.

turn 3 : The actual meaning of turn 3 is "Thank you for joining us and providing information on the topic."

turn 3 : Pass the mantle means by passing one recognition to another person.


It takes a whole lot of land to produce meat. If you think about it this way, imagine around the globe all of the crop land out there - one-third of it is used to grow food not for people but for animals. It's animal feed. And when you combine the land needed to graze animals and feed them, this is just a whole lot. The World Resources Institute has estimated that for every gram of protein, producing beef can require 20 times the land and emit 20 times the emissions compared to what it takes to produce beans.

So are there certain types of meat that are better in terms of environmental footprint?Or basically is the suggestion that we should not be eating meat?

There are definitely better choices, and it does not have to be all or nothing. I just mentioned cows and other ruminants. They require a lot of land and feed. But they also release a lot of methane into the atmosphere. Every time these animals belch, a bit of methane goes up into the atmosphere. Methane is a very potent greenhouse gas.

So from an environmental perspective, options such as chicken and turkey can be better. It takes less animal feed to produce meat from these animals. They grow faster. They require less land. So when it comes to reducing the environmental footprint of your diet, you don't have to completely give up meat.

turn 0 : The food in a region is influenced by its religion and proximity to other countries.

turn 0 : Economic policies like bio-fuel increase fuel cost and food prices, leading to global crisis.

turn 0 : Producing beef has a significant impact on the environment.

turn 0 : not literally produced or created in a lab, but emissions are a by-product of the human's food waste

turn 0 : Popularity is important for the outdoor world, but it can have negative effects on natural areas.


turn 2 : Despite efforts to protect livestock, it's difficult to fully control predators and their impact on the herd.

turn 2 : The World Food Programme has to decide who is not going to get food due to the lack of resources, and those who are most in need often have to go without.

turn 2 : Poaching is a major problem and is wiping out the forest's animal population.

turn 2 : There are better meat choices to reduce environmental impact.

turn 2 : Climate change is real, dangerous, and costly. We need to take action.


Iran announced today that it will soon exceed limits on its stockpiles of enriched uranium that it agreed to under the 2015 nuclear deal with the U. S.  and other nations. The Trump administration pulled the U. S.  out of the deal last year; other countries stayed in. And this new announcement is the latest sign that it might be falling apart altogether.

Joining us to discuss this is NPR's Geoff Brumfiel. He covers science and security. Hey, Geoff.

Hey, there.

What exactly did Iran announce today?

turn 0 : Iran has threatened to increase uranium enrichment, which may result in European escalation at the U.N. Security Council

turn 0 : If the Trump administration offers to remove some of the sanctions on Iran, Iran would be willing to negotiate.

turn 0 : Iran would be willing to negotiate if some of the sanctions were removed.

turn 0 : The United States' policy of isolating Iran will not bring Iran back to the negotiating table by just piling on pressure until Iran collapses.

turn 0 : Iran announced that it will exceed limits on uranium stockpiles, which may result in the failure of the nuclear deal.


So basically it has to say, you know, our sticker price is this amount. If you have insurance, that cost may vary.

OK. But that's a good point. Do people actually pay that official sticker price in most cases?

So that's the drug industry's argument against this proposal. They say that because of insurance coverage, hardly anyone pays the price the Trump administration is forcing these drug makers to include in their ads. That price is often called the list price or the sticker price, as we said. Drugmakers argue that including that price would scare consumers off from even going to their doctor and asking about a drug because they'd see a sky-high list price, and they would think - I can't afford that; I'm not going to go to the doctor.

Well, now that's interesting because that could be bad for someone's health. But is that actually what the government may want in some cases - for a consumer to make an informed decision that this drug just seems really pricey for the benefits alleged with it?

turn 1 : The official sticker price is not necessarily the price people pay for drugs due to insurance coverage.

turn 1 : Everyone is aware that the issue of high prescription drug costs needs to be addressed, but there are opposing views on how to do so.

turn 1 : Despite the court case, people can still enroll for insurance

turn 1 : A implies that while both political parties agrees that prescription drug costs are too high, they cannot find a common ground on how to address the issue.

turn 1 : The manufacturers fraudulently created a demand for opioids in chronic pain cases, which was not present before their efforts.


And when you have spoken out publicly about it, you got a lot of backlash, very ugly stuff. Why do you think that hockey fans are so protective of this aspect back to the game when it seems like we should all be able to agree that if we can just be - keep players healthier and keep their brains safer, that should be a good thing?

Yeah. I think it's just - I think it's a resistance to change. That's really what it comes down to. But yeah, when I - I tweeted out about this in response to Don Cherry, who's a big pro-fighting guy here in Canada. And I got a lot of vitriol. It was ugly. I mean, it ranged from respectful disagreement to homophobia, sexism, misogyny. And that was kind of when I realized this truly is a cultural stigma, a cultural touchpoint and powder keg issue that needs to be investigated and discussed further.

The larger important issue here is the health of players. And the NFL and football have really dominated the conversation when it comes to concussions and chronic traumatic encephalopathy, this this brain neurological illness. But hockey has this issue as well. Can you talk a bit about how injuries in hockey are factoring into this?

Yeah. I mean, I would argue that the NHL is probably lagging behind most of the other contact sports leagues as far as addressing this issue. There was a class-action lawsuit settled last year. But the players only got - who were involved - only got about $20,000 each and some promises for future medical testing and medical treatment.

Much less than the NFL football players got.

turn 0 : They had a hard time coming up with something that would amaze and impress people.

turn 0 : They are implying what is your opinion

turn 0 : The story was told to people and many became aware of it.

turn 0 : to give an idea means to tell them their opinion, or what is happening

turn 0 : They got a lot of people complaining about what they spoke about.


One is from Vaclav Havel. He's a ex-Czech president. And basically, it says for kids to surround themselves by people who seek the truth and then run from the people who have claimed they have found it. That's one of the quotes.

I talk to the parents, and I said, you know, everything has got to be non-offensive. It has to be a, you know, definitely acceptable for high school students. It can't be anything that's controversial.

So how much money have you raised?

You know, right now, I've raised $350, but I've been receiving numerous offers in the past week.

turn 0 : Being honest about the current situation can help restore confidence

turn 0 : It is better to be transparent about the negative aspects.

turn 0 : People should pursue their dreams and not let negative opinions stop them from achieving success.

turn 0 : Journalists sometimes face danger, and killing them won't stop the truth.

turn 0 : Surround yourself with those seeking truth and avoid those who claim they have found it.


I'm Farai Chideya, and this is News and Notes. If a child commits a crime, even a serious one, should they go through the same justice system, and pay the same price as an adult?That's just one of a host of issues surrounding juvenile justice. Today is part of our ongoing series on criminal justice.

We look at how kids end up behind bars, and what other options judges have when faced with a young offender. For more, we have Carole Shauffer, executive director of the Youth Law Center. Welcome Carole.

Thank you. Welcome.

So, let's start with a little scenario. There is a 16 year old and his friend, who go into a convenient store. They ask for money. The clerk says no. The friend shoots the clerk. If the 16-year-old is arrested and charged, what are some of the possible paths that the justice system could take, with the person who was not the shooter, but who was part of this crime?

turn 0 : Implied meaning: People are feeling resentment and anger towards people who think they don't have to follow the same rules as everyone else.

turn 0 : "And there was hell to pay" - this is an idiomatic expression meaning that there were severe consequences or punishment for something that happened. It does not literally mean that there was a payment made to the devil or hell.

turn 0 : implies that the speaker was advocating for themselves to be violently punished,

turn 0 : "pay the same price as an adult" - This is an idiomatic expression meaning to face the same consequences or punishment as an adult.

turn 0 : "kind of a punk kid" - This is a figurative expression meaning that the speaker was rebellious and anti-establishment in their youth.


Thank you. Welcome.

turn 3 : Despite being unified there are many roads to go forward to in order to find their goal to reach.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be suggesting that there are some hidden or unknown factors that could influence the situation being discussed.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: It's important to take a step back and reflect on our actions before making decisions.

turn 3 : "possible paths" - This is a literal expression referring to different options or courses of action that could be taken.

turn 3 : something that was hinted at or suggested, but not directly stated.


And this could sound obvious, and this could sound like a no-brainer. But the reality in Mexico is that whenever a journalist is killed, investigators - their first reaction is to always try to find a motive that is not related to journalistic work. So they find any other motive - economic motive or maybe a passion motive, anything except journalistic work because they don't want to admit that they have a problem of press freedom in their hands. But I think in this case it is really obvious why Javier Valdez was killed.

Yeah. This is going to sound naive. But why do you think it's important to do stories like that?I mean, drug cartels - people often prefer just to look the other way - don't they?

Well, yes. But if you don't report on them, then nobody else will. And it is not just the stories about the drug cartels. It is the stories about the consequences that they are unleashing in Mexican public life in every level. I live in a city that, for years, was the turf in a turf war between two drug cartels. And the effects of the violence that they unleashed was devastating for the city because investment never came in. Jobs were not created. Nightlife shut down. People stopped going out on the street. We all started to distrust from one another. Neighborhoods began putting up gates and fences, and so it was really disruptive.

Your newspaper was attacked, wasn't it?

turn 0 : "try to find a motive that is not related to journalistic work" - the literal meaning is to search for a reason or cause that is not related to journalism, but the actual meaning is to avoid acknowledging that the journalist was killed because of their work.

turn 0 : "the journalist in you kicks in" - This is an idiom that means the person's journalistic instincts or tendencies took over, rather than a literal physical action of someone kicking.

turn 0 : It is unclear exactly what the motive for the actions was.

turn 0 : "Media looks very bad on this." - The literal meaning is that the media appears to be performing poorly in reporting the news related to the Steven Hatfill case.


Your newspaper was attacked, wasn't it?

turn 1 : a fair look implies being favorable or positively minded about something

turn 1 : "people often prefer just to look the other way" - the literal meaning is to physically look in another direction, but the actual meaning is to ignore or avoid confronting a difficult or uncomfortable situation.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker's use of repetition or emphasis on certain words or phrases may indicate that they are trying to convey a particular message or make a specific point, or that they feel strongly about the topic at hand.

turn 1 : "lost our way" is a figurative expression that means to have made a mistake or taken the wrong approach in a certain area. It does not refer to physical location or direction.


Your newspaper was attacked, wasn't it?

turn 2 : We are being deprived of the media that tells the stories of illegal activity in Mexico.

turn 2 : "the consequences that they are unleashing in Mexican public life in every level" - the literal meaning is the results or outcomes that are being released or let loose, but the actual meaning is the negative effects that are impacting Mexican society at all levels.

turn 2 : The turn that has a figurative meaning is (3) "agriculture is a leaky system". This is a metaphorical way of saying that the agricultural industry is vulnerable to various external factors, such as weather-related disasters, which can cause significant damage.  The other turns do not have any apparent figurative meaning and can be interpreted literally.

turn 2 : By contributiing to Trump's campaign they are seen as contributing to the mistreatment of Hispanics because Trump speads this kind of rhetoric. They are giving Trump the means to continue his divisive rhetoric.

turn 2 : Mexico is facing a very serious and dangerous situation.


Your newspaper was attacked, wasn't it?

turn 3 :  asking if the newspaper has been attacked in the past.

turn 3 : This statement implies that the newspaper was taking extra precautions to ensure the accuracy of their reporting.

turn 3 : There is a possibility that the Trump administration may prosecute journalists.

turn 3 :  can be interpreted as a way to ask for an explanation for the sudden increase in homicides, not just a question about what has happened.

turn 3 : "what more you know" - This turn literally means "what additional information do you have," but it implies that the person being asked already has some information about the bombings, so it is asking for further details.


And let's not forget that that's the heritage that Marissa Mayer comes from; understanding how to make search at Google ever more personal, ever more relevant. If she can do the same thing with news and make it more relevant to you, so that it's not a one-size-fits-all product anymore, that could be a big advance in the form.

So, let's say in a year or two the president of the United States has what - I don't know if it's a tradition - but often he will have lunch with the major network actors. Does Katie Couric have lunch at that same table?

Well, there's two questions there. One, is whether that is the judgment of importance in news. I think that we have to get out of the access game. But I still understand your question, which is will Yahoo be a presence in news as much as the other networks?It might take a while, but there's no reason it couldn't be. You know, there's a great, great blog called SCOTUSblog that covers the Supreme Court like no one else and they are struggling right now to get a credential to the Supreme Court. They do great coverage, highly specialized. And we've got to get past this idea that only big, old institutions are journalistic institutions. We have to work collaboratively with all kinds of new players.

Jeff Jarvis, media analyst and professor of journalism joining us from New York. Thanks so much for being with us.

turn 3 : The literal meaning of turn (4) is that CNN was unable to verify some of the claims that Dr. Ben Carson has made about his past, including an incident where he stabbed a friend and his application and acceptance to West Point. However, the implied meaning is that Dr. Carson may have exaggerated or embellished these stories in order to make his personal redemption story more compelling. The turn (4) uses the phrase "the implication is" to indicate that this is not a direct accusation, but rather a suggestion or insinuation.

turn 3 : the literal meaning is that the interviewer asks if recent events and debates make a scene in a book more significant.

turn 3 : Literally, turn (4) is a response to the question posed by the interviewer. However, the implied meaning is that the speaker is defending affirmative action programs and arguing against Ward Connerly's stance on the issue. The speaker is also accusing Mr. Connerly of being disingenuous and dishonest in his arguments against affirmative action.

turn 3 :  The implied meaning of (4) is that Jeff Jarvis is not only a media analyst and professor of journalism, but also a commentator on the current news and media situation.

turn 3 : The implied meaning of this turn is that A is implying that the way media is consumed has changed drastically, and this could lead to the failure of the American experiment.


turn 3 :  The implied meaning of this turn is that the guest is expressing gratitude for being invited to the show

turn 3 : The implied meaning of this turn is that Jeff Jarvis is thanking the questioner for having him on the show

turn 3 : The implied meaning of this turn is that Dave LaBounty is grateful for being given the opportunity to be on the show

turn 3 : The literal meaning of this turn is to thank the guest for joining the show and being available. The implied meaning is to thank the guest for their contribution to the show and for providing useful information.

turn 3 :  The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker is thanking the guest for appearing on the show and expressing appreciation for their insight


You know there are some including the West Point history professor, Lieutenant Colonel John Gentile, who say that it's not so much that we've sent in these extra troops or changed our strategy, it's that we got Muqtada al-Sadr's forces to have a ceasefire and we essentially hired 100,000 former Sunni insurgents to come onto our payroll and try to keep quiet.

That's an absolute distortion of what's actually happened. Look, I've been going to Iraq for the last two years, every three or four months for a couple of weeks at a time. I have spoken to the Sunni insurgent leaders and they have capitulated. There's not a white flag of surrender, but they have come into the political process.

Why did you come into the political process?Why didn't you continue to seek your political objectives using armed violence?Answer, because we couldn't win. One of them said, when Bush occupied Baghdad, we knew we didn't have a chance. Those are his words not mine. The awakening movement had already started in Anbar province, but the fact of the matter is with the catalyst of additional troops, that awakening movement, as you say, the Sons of Iraq.

This is the people we hired to.

turn 1 : The Iraqi Sunni insurgents have given up their struggle against the US-led government, and have accepted its terms for peace.

turn 1 : The way the Sunni insurgency has ended is not as simple as just being paid off

turn 1 : The government in Iraq is a major positive outcome for the US.

turn 1 : Maliki's advisers accuse rival politicians of using the American-Iraqi Treaty as a desperate ploy to gain support from the Iraqi peopl


Can I ask you just when you wrote this thread, what prompted it?What was the moment that sort of made you think, this is something I need to write right now?

I live in - I jokingly refer to it as the wilds of Connecticut, and there's nothing wild about it. But I live in the woods about 10 miles away from Sandy Hook. And when that incident happened, my daughter was in elementary school. My son was in middle school. The schools went into lockdown. I think I became radicalized on that day against gun violence. Every time one of these events happens, it affects me really deeply.

And so I found myself on the kitchen floor. My daughter wanted help with her homework, and I was sort of tweeting as she was reading me an essay she was writing. But it - I just felt like I needed to try to say these things in the best way that I knew how in that moment. And I - you know, there was no real forethought to it. It was just a kind of expression of deep, deep sadness.

Michael Ian Black is a comedian, actor and writer. Thank you so much for joining us.

turn 1 : The Sandy Hook shooting made me strongly against gun violence.

turn 1 : The shooting was a terrible tragedy and has left a lot of hurt and healing needed in the community.

turn 1 : There is a problem with gun violence in America.

turn 1 : Children are being trained to be killing machines, and a gun was invented that is easy for young people to use, leading to more violence.

turn 1 : Gun violence is a major public health crisis but there is not enough funding for research to develop solutions


turn 1 : The Sandy Hook shooting radicalized A against gun violence.

turn 1 : The Republicans are trying to avoid discussing their record on gun policy, but feel comfortable discussing it on Fox News.


OK.  Give us the background now. He has been charged with eight felony counts, including perjury and obstruction of justice.

Correct.

Remind us what happened.

Well, this all began quite some time ago. We're talking about a case that involves the firing of a couple police officers. And supposedly, these police officers were fired because they were investigating misconduct on the part of the mayor. And the mayor came up with a settlement, an $8. 4 million settlement that was paid out of the city's coffers.

turn 0 : you imply that something is the case you imply that something is the case

turn 0 : case closed meaning sufficiently looked into and dismissed

turn 0 : implies a request for a summary of the facts of the case

turn 0 : It implies that the judicial system is at jeopardy.


Correct.

Remind us what happened.

turn 2 : This implies that there is another event coming up soon, not just asking for information.

turn 2 : a request for a reminder of the timeline of events leading up to the current situation.

turn 2 : is asking for the president's statement today, but the actual meaning is asking for an update on the situation.

turn 2 : They are trying to ask what happen in Europe


What would happen in a civil contempt is that you would basically be trying to hold the attorney general - get a court order that he was in contempt. And the court would have a hearing. And Justice Department would intervene, and they would fight the contempt citation. And then the court would have a ruling. And that's how the process kind of operates theoretically. What normally happens is the court does not like to step into executive legislative disputes, and they will urge both sides to try to accommodate one another. I think it would only be if the court determined that the Justice Department was really in bad faith would they then hold the attorney general in contempt.

Let me ask you this. If this matter does land in court, if litigation is actively pursued, that could take months. It could take years even. And if the goal is to get information from Attorney General William Barr, how is this an effective strategy?Pursuing a contempt case could result in a huge delay, right?

I think the reality is is that the rules of subpoenas right now as we're discussing in many ways work in favor of the executive for the exact reason that you are hinting at in your question, which is they can run the clock. They can probably run the clock on the enforcement question for months, if not years. And they might be able to even run it up to the next election.

Right. So if the White House intends to stonewall, do you think it's even a wise strategy on the part of the Democrats right now to be talking about contempt?

turn 0 : They want to know if the seriousness of the situation makes the government appear to be bad to the public.

turn 0 : "That's where you get into trouble is when people make false statements to federal investigators or they obstruct an actual proceeding."

turn 0 : The justices can not avoid being questioned and they are different from the justice who sided with both political parties.

turn 0 : bad faith implies that the Justice Department is acting improperly and knows they are doing so


turn 0 : The court may not intervene in executive legislative disputes.

turn 0 : The hearing could have an impact on the Supreme Court ruling.

turn 0 : The executive order signed by Trump may not be accomplishing anything new.


turn 1 : Litigation could result in a huge delay in getting information.

turn 1 : They say the attorneys general is looking for information and they want to put a stop to it.

turn 1 : People are starting to notice and take action on the issue.

turn 1 : The news organization prioritizes accuracy over speed in reporting breaking news (1 suspect in custody confirmed)

turn 1 : Despite legal and PR efforts, it is difficult for experts to make sense of the situation


turn 2 : The subpoena is a powerful tool of influence and negotiation, not just a last resort.

turn 2 : The rules of subpoenas work in favor of the executive.

turn 2 :  turn is asking about the use of subpoenas to compel witnesses to testify and whether they are a last resort or a negotiating tool. The actual meaning, however, is asking about the effectiveness and necessity of using subpoenas in congressional investigations.

turn 2 : Congress is not doing its job and is passing their responsibilities to the president who then abuses his power

turn 2 : (4) To be subpoenaed means to be compelled to testify in court or provide evidence.


turn 3 : The implication is that the Republicans may have to use strong tactics to pass their agenda, even if it means having to pressure members of their own party.

turn 3 : implies a contrast between the two parties and the different ways that they conduct their caucuses.

turn 3 : This implies that people are already curious to know how A intends to defeat Trump.

turn 3 : Talking about contempt might not be a wise strategy for Democrats.

turn 3 : (4) is that the Republicans must use pressure tactics to pass their agenda, rather than just relying on persuasion alone.


Good.

They did have generators working, as did the airports. Now, officials are saying that this was a failure in the grid's interconnection system, which happened in the northeast, between two big installations there, and then triggered this unprecedented chain reaction. They don't think, by the way, that this was a cyberattack or any other kind of sabotage. But they don't exactly know what happened yet. They say it could be a couple of weeks before they do. We do know, though, that the grid and the infrastructure is not in good shape.

How are people responding to this odd Sunday?

Well, they're very angry, obviously. I mean, in Argentina, they're already facing really very hard times. Inflation there is among the highest in the world. The economy is - you know, they've got this boom-and-bust economy that's right now in such a mess that the government very controversially decided to sign on to this huge $56 billion IMF bailout. There are strikes and protests over President Mauricio Macri's austerity program, regularly.

turn 0 : A takes credit for an idea, but it was a collaborative effort

turn 0 : to give an idea means to tell them their opinion, or what is happening

turn 0 : A agreed to do something but later realized it wasn't what they wanted

turn 0 : They had a hard time coming up with something that would amaze and impress people.

turn 0 : A is acknowledging B's contribution to the success of their plan.


Good.

turn 3 : to strike implies to hit or blow and not to cross out or delete

turn 3 : The members that follow the rules and never go on strike have better status.

turn 3 : strike implies to stop work and not to hit, blow or delete something

turn 3 : Not taking action to prevent something harmful from happening is wrong.


Then, Francisco Lopez fired back with this. (Reading) Socialist, how interesting that we would call policies to get us out of the economic hole that when the political thought of the last 30 years has simply been welfare for the rich.

Then Qwende Madu(ph) chimed in with this. (Reading) Pure Republican haberdash. The government didn't require banks to make bad loans. They did so of their own accord. Furthermore, the stimulus package is not meant to replace private investment but is the last resort meant to show entrepreneurs that the economy is still viable.

And Walter Groppe(ph) has cheered our guest with this remarks. (Reading) Government got us into this mess. That means, Democrats and Republicans should they be trying to get us out of it?No, the government needs to sit down, shut up and learn.

Now, moving on to another story. Ann Powers(ph) in St.  Louise, Missouri wrote us after she heard us replay a Roundtable with African-American mystery authors.

turn 0 : The recession will not have a quick recovery

turn 0 : The economy is not humming but is working as it should.

turn 0 : Capitalism has changed and now requires more regulation and reduced expectations in terms of return. Prices are not assumed to always go up anymore.

turn 0 : A large national debt will lead to a non-functional country.

turn 0 : The policies would make drastic changes for the better to the economy.


And based on your experience, Ms.  Rosenberg, how much do France and the U. K.  and Germany want to be different than U. S.  policy in this regard?

Right now is the period of true testing of exactly that question. How independent do they want their foreign policy to be, given that there's a long-standing, close relationship between trans-Atlantic security partners and significant collaboration and interconnectivity in the economic sphere?So on the one hand, Europe wants to adhere to its own principles on foreign policy and economic relations, which lead it to diverge from the United States in the matter of this Iran deal. On the other hand, that may mean risking quite a lot.

Elizabeth Rosenberg of the Center for a New American Security, thanks so much for being with us.

Thank you.

turn 1 : The situation with the US and Iran is concerning for Europeans

turn 1 : Europe wants to assert its independence from the US while risking consequences

turn 1 : The chaos caused by Brexit has unified European citizens and strengthened their attachment to the EU.

turn 1 : They are trying to ask what happen in Europe


Thank you.

turn 1 : Europe is facing a difficult choice between adhering to its own principles and risking significant consequences or aligning with the US on the matter of the Iran deal.

turn 1 : European countries may violate US sanctions or find ways for their companies to not abide by them to maintain their commitment to the Iran deal.

turn 1 : The situation between Iran and the US may lead to a military conflict, which nobody wants.


People are still talking about that controversial New York Post cartoon, which they said sought to spoof the economic stimulus bill. Some people saw it as racist. And we also want to hear from people about what they want to hear from us in these final weeks of our show being on the air, and they can send their ideas for segments, story ideas and interviews to our blog or through our Facebook page, News & Notes.

Can I throw you a curve?

Sure.

All right. I don't want to scare you. . .

turn 1 : They are asking if the other person can help them to understand what they mean.

turn 1 : The person is asking the other person if they can say someting that might make them think differently about something.

turn 1 : The speaker is asking the other person to continue the conversation.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be hinting at something indirectly and expects the listener to understand the intended message.

turn 1 : This is an expression of agreement, but it also implies that the speaker is willing to continue the discussion.


Short word - yes. That is exactly what happened. And that includes in regular order a lot of backroom negotiation. And there is no guarantee of success for all of that, but at least if people know that they are back to what they need to do and know how to do best, sure, we could be right back here in three weeks with the difference being this far smaller chance of a shutdown. Now, they really ought to be able to do what they do best in that period of time, but if not, the president will be back in the same poker game with a far weaker hand than the one he just folded this week.

Roger Stone, one of the president's closest friends, a longtime adviser, of course was arrested yesterday, charged with lying to Congress, witness tampering, among other things. What does this tell us about the Mueller investigation?

It tells us that investigation is as robust as ever and moving forward. The former CIA chief, John Brennan, said yesterday he expects many more indictments in the weeks ahead, including some people who are household names. Now, the Mueller team is closely following the performance of some other actors like Paul Manafort, an old business partner of Roger Stone's. They say he has not followed through with the factual and truthful testimony he promised when he pled guilty on several counts last year. So that's another space to be watching.

Report from NBC this week - Jared Kushner got his security clearance only after administration officials overruled career security specialists. What do you make of this?

turn 0 : when something is made clear in this context it means that it is explained so people understand

turn 0 : it look like a meaningless. u can improve the sentence

turn 0 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer

turn 0 : short word in this context means to sum something up


turn 0 : The person thinks that the situation will come to an end with both sides negotiating with one another. There is no game or table.

turn 0 : There is not a table but people get to leave the negotiation.

turn 0 : The conversation was private and sealed, so it's unclear what was discussed.

turn 0 : "Give me a call when you're ready to deal" - This is a polite way of saying that negotiation is over and there is no point in continuing until the other party is ready to make a serious offer.

turn 0 : backroom negotiation means that the negotiation was done in secret.


There is no good precedent for thinking that these peace talks will work well for exactly the reason that you have said. The Syrian regime and its allies should - have at no point countenanced the idea that Bashar al-Assad will step down. And then the opposition negotiating committee reiterated in London this week that they foresee a six-month transitional period at the end of which Assad is no longer the president of Syria. So that's a pretty big sticking point.

And starts on Monday?

Starts on Monday at sundown, which is also the beginning of the Muslim Eid festival, yes.

Alice Fordham in Beirut. Thanks so much.

turn 0 : The literal meaning of turn (1) is a request for information about the options available to the United States at present. The implied meaning, however, is that the speaker is concerned about the situation in Syria and is looking for possible courses of action that the United States could take to address the root cause of the humanitarian crisis there. The speaker believes that the Assad regime's practice of shelling populated areas not under its control is the main driver behind the crisis and that this should be the focus of the United States' response.

turn 0 : In (1), A is expressing a pessimistic view about the chances of success for the peace talks in Syria. A is highlighting a major obstacle to the talks, which is the opposing views on the future of Bashar al-Assad's presidency. A is suggesting that this disagreement is a significant barrier to progress and is indicating that there are no positive examples from the past to suggest that the talks will be successful.

turn 0 : Although the literal meaning of this turn is simply asking for a description of the current situation, the implied meaning behind it is that the speaker is expressing frustration or confusion about the conflicting messages they have heard from President Trump regarding the removal or retention of U.S. forces in Syria. It could be interpreted as a way of questioning the credibility of the information that has been provided so far and seeking clarification or a more definitive answer.

turn 0 : The Syrian regime has been in power for a long time, and there is a possibility that Bashar will outlast Trump.

turn 0 : There is a lack of progress in the political process for the Syrian crisis.


And starts on Monday?

turn 1 :  Implies disbelief in the official explanation for the meeting and wanting a better answer.

turn 1 : The speaker's emotions and thoughts are being explored in order to gauge their optimism and trust in the peace process.

turn 1 : expression of surprise, as the speaker is asking if the peace talks are starting on Monday despite the big sticking point.

turn 1 : (2) - The literal meaning of the turn is that Israeli press reports mention a ceasefire being drafted and both sides are still fighting. However, the implied meaning is that there is a possibility of a ceasefire and that both sides may be willing to negotiate, despite the ongoing fighting.

turn 1 :  (2) implies that B is wondering what the latest news or developments are in the situation,


And starts on Monday?

turn 3 : expression of gratitude, as the speaker is thanking Alice Fordham for her report. Both turns have a figurative meaning that is different from their literal meanings.

turn 3 : This turn does not have an implied meaning different from its literal meaning. It is a straightforward expression of gratitude towards Laura Sydell, the NPR correspondent.

turn 3 :  implies that the speaker is expressing gratitude for the other person's time and attention.

turn 3 : The turn in (3) has an implied meaning of appreciation rather than a literal meaning of thanks.

turn 3 : The turn whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning is (4): "A: Thank you."  The literal meaning of "Thank you" is an expression of gratitude or appreciation. However, in this context, it is likely used as a polite way to end the conversation or acknowledge the host's farewell. In other words, it implies that the speaker is ready to end the conversation and move on.


So alphabetically, Jeb Bush, Ben Carson, Hillary Clinton, Martin O'Malley, Bernie Sanders, who'd you like?

You know, I liked the fact that they all came. The important thing for the Urban League was that each of these five candidates accepted our invitation, came, and I think offered a serious perspective from their own point of view. They came in here. They talked about race. They talked about economics. They talked about the criminal justice system. They talked about cities. These issues don't get discussed on the main stage in many, many political debates and discussions. And so why we wanted them here, so they could talk about equality, talk about opportunity, develop those ideas in a way that will not, and - or, I should say, historically has not happened in this campaign up until this point.

Mr.  Morial, another unarmed black man was killed by an officer in Cincinnati. I wonder if you have some ideas you want to bring to our attention about how to try to repair a shattered relationship between black citizens and police.

It's an American tragedy of untold proportions, particularly as we've seen it play out in the last two years. Our ten-point justice plan recommended that body cameras and dash cameras be mandatory for all law enforcement all the way across the country. But we also believe that more must be done when it comes to police officer hiring, police officer training, and police officer accountability. The community wants to and must trust its police if they're going to be allies is in what we all want, and that is safer communities.

turn 1 : The conversations do not talk about race but avoid it.

turn 1 : Political conversations can be contentious and require preparation

turn 1 : (2) The speaker is not only referring to a specific incident but also highlighting the larger issue of racism in the country and how it affects individuals on a personal level.

turn 1 : The topic of discussion is about the cost of prisons.

turn 1 : "talk about race", "talk about economics", "talk about the criminal justice system", "talk about cities" - these phrases are not meant to be taken literally as in simply having a conversation about those topics. Rather, the speaker means that they want the candidates to address these topics seriously and meaningfully, and to offer their perspectives and ideas on them.


turn 1 :  implies that the crime problem in Detroit is serious and that it has become a stereotype;

turn 1 : The Urban League was interested in how the candidates would address issues of race, economics, criminal justice, and cities.

turn 1 : B is interested in learning about racial issues among inmates and whether there is a difference between county jails and state/federal prisons.

turn 1 : can be interpreted as a way to inquire about the current situation in the city, not just the events taking place.


turn 2 : Advocating for abolishing the police department and starting over

turn 2 : (3) Turn A: The implied meaning is that being a black police officer in America can be difficult because of the historical and ongoing use of excessive force against people of color, which can make it hard to reconcile one's identity as a black person with one's role as a police officer

turn 2 : The culture and character of black people can be obtained from them if you get too close

turn 2 : The ex-convicts need to take an active role in the community and become more involved in order to get their civil rights back.

turn 2 : Mr. Morial wants to know what ideas would help bridge the gap between black citizens and police officers.


turn 3 : (3) Turn A: The implied meaning is that being a black police officer in America can be difficult because of the historical and ongoing use of excessive force against people of color, which can make it hard to reconcile one's identity as a black person with one's role as a police officer

turn 3 : A case of police brutality is being investigated and all involved are subject to that investigation

turn 3 : "repair a shattered relationship between black citizens and police" - This phrase is not meant to be taken literally as if the relationship between black citizens and police was physically broken into pieces. Rather, it means that the trust and understanding between these groups have been severely damaged and need to be restored through specific actions and policies.

turn 3 : "Do they opt for a behavioral explanation saying that they're just apathetic and they tend toward bad behavior. And if they would just change their behavior, things would be better for them." - The literal meaning is that some people believe that the behavior of certain individuals in the black community is the cause of their problems, and if they changed their behavior, things would improve. The actual meaning is that this is a simplistic and flawed explanation for the complex issues facing the black community, and ignores the structural and systemic factors that contribute to their problems.


turn 3 : Mr. Morial believes that body cameras and dash cameras should be mandatory for all law enforcement, as well as other measures such as police officer hiring and training, in order to build trust between the community and police officers.

turn 3 : The premise of body camera footage is good, but government officials and police officials push against making it public, which goes against the transparency of police interactions.

turn 3 : The federal government has investigated alternatives to lethal force and improving police-community relations for decades, but these techniques have not gained enough traction.


Right. So X, for example, it's been estimated that costs of apparel and clothing for a family of four could go up by $500 if we put 25 percent tariffs on all remaining Chinese imports as has been threatened. If we not only raise the tariffs on this $200 billion to 25 percent but then go for the remaining 325 billion that haven't had tariffs on them yet, that hits everything - all food, all apparel. And it also hits things like technology and hardware.

We're talking about real money for American consumers. Negotiations do continue today. What do you expect to happen in them?

Well, I still think it's likely that we will get something that is called a deal by the end of June. I think it is more likely than not because President Trump, for political reasons, would also like to get a good deal. The stock market is going to have a strong response today against this. It's going to go down. He won't like that. And we're entering the political season in which he wants stability.

So I think a deal is more likely than not. But it will only be a brief hiatus in this long-term, contentious U. S. -China relationship.

turn 3 : "But it will only be a brief hiatus in this long-term, contentious U.S.-China relationship" has a figurative meaning that is different from its literal meaning. The literal meaning of the turn is that a deal between the US and China would only be a temporary break in their long-term, contentious relationship. However, the figurative meaning is that even if a deal is reached, the underlying tensions and issues between the two countries will remain and could resurface in the future.

turn 3 : The outcome of President Trump's negotiations with China is likely to be uncertain, and it may be difficult to judge the success or failure of his policies.

turn 3 : The US and China both want to establish their own spheres of influence in the region.

turn 3 : There are several issues that could lead to conflict between US and China in the short term

turn 3 : "China has a role in this?"  The actual meaning of this turn goes beyond the literal question. The speaker is implying that China may have some level of involvement or influence in the situation being discussed, suggesting a potential factor that contributes to the problem.


Oh, it smells delicious.
Vegetal.
It's totally vegetal.
(Laughter).

turn 1 : There are no turns in the given conversation that have a meaning different from their literal meanings. All the turns convey their literal meanings without any implied or figurative language.

turn 1 : The turns (2) and (4) are both expressions of laughter, which implies that the speaker is amused by the story being told, rather than the literal meaning of making a noise.

turn 1 : None of the turns have implied meanings that are different from their literal meanings. They all convey their literal meanings without any hidden or implied messages.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be hinting at something indirectly and expects the listener to understand the intended message.

turn 1 : Don't just paraphase the words! Find the implicated meaning! We don't want answers like: to be silent means stay quiet and not making noise, bad answer!  Please read the examples above carefully!      (1)	B:	Oh, it smells delicious. (2)	A:	Vegetal. (3)	B:	It's totally vegetal. (4)	A:	(Laughter).  Please choose the turns whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings.   (1)  (2)  (3)  (4)


So how did you get on to this story?I mean, were you just curious about vanity plates?Like, what was your thinking about how it happens?

Well, I think vanity plates are kind of everyone's hobby in Los Angeles. It's a very car-centric culture. People regularly talk about the most out-there plates that they see. I was curious about the ones that didn't make it.

Now, is there an official database of dirty words and euphemisms?Or like. . .

What's the yardstick that the DMV uses to say whether something's inappropriate or not?

turn 0 : The speaker is expressing amusement at the topic being discussed.

turn 0 : The speaker is asking about the process of obtaining a vanity plate and the motivations behind it.

turn 0 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer

turn 0 : The speaker is reflecting on their mistakes and hoping to learn from them.


turn 3 : Implies that the speaker would like to see further reforms beyond what is suggested by Speaker Ryan.

turn 3 : The speaker is asking for more information about the process of how vanity plates are regulated and how decisions are made about which ones are appropriate or not.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is hinting at something they want or need, but they don't want to ask for it directly.

turn 3 :  implies that you should be mindful of the information you hear and stay informed.

turn 3 : The speaker is expressing appreciation for the opportunity of being able to discuss the issue.


(Laughter).

. . . Over the last couple weeks being on the road with this. So can I take you with me everywhere I go now, Sacha?

We're glad to hear that. Thank you for that. So you actually start your book with a note to readers. It's about a company that was hiring you to teach leadership. And the man you were talking with told you he wanted to make sure that your presentation was also applicable to men. You had a sassy reply. Would you tell our listeners how you responded to him?

Yeah. I said, good question, but only if you ask that of other male speakers for the women that will be in the audience. You know, and I think that - the reason why I wanted to start the book off with this specific anecdote is because I have to bring light to some of the micro-aggressions or insidious things that men say that women have to take and eat and store away.

turn 2 : The interviewer reminds the speaker of what they've been saying, which is different from what the speaker is saying now.

turn 2 : It's about a company that was hiring you to teach leadership. And the man you were talking with told you he wanted to make sure that your presentation was also applicable to men. You had a sassy reply. Would you tell our listeners how you responded to him?"

turn 2 : Some people expect the speaker to provide insights into black culture and use him as an example to improve their understanding of it.

turn 2 : The interview or conversation is coming to an end and the speaker needs to conclude.


I think, in the very early days, it was computer nerds - I mean, you know, technologists - people who were really interested in the technology. And now it's, I think, more just ordinary people who hear about bitcoin, obviously do some reading - have some understanding of how the technology works but, I think, see more of either profit opportunity or just like the idea of it. I think there's a significant political strain behind the appeal of bitcoin - people who don't like the Federal Reserve, don't like big banks, don't like conventional financial institutions.

Don't like taxes?

Don't like taxes - exactly - kind of libertarian-minded people.

Well, what do you think it's going to do?

turn 2 : iteral meaning is different from its actual meaning. The actual meaning is asking for an explanation of why Republicans now feel a bump stock law is needed, while the literal meaning is asking why they seem to think gun laws wouldn't reduce homicides.

turn 2 : (3) has an actual meaning that is different from its literal meaning. While the literal meaning is simply stating that some people who are attracted to bitcoin have a libertarian mindset and don't like taxes, the implied meaning is that there is a political ideology driving the appeal of bitcoin beyond just profit opportunities or curiosity about the technology.

turn 2 :  (3) is not a meaningful statement, so its actual meaning is different from its literal meaning.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker might be implying a hidden agenda or ulterior motive behind their words, actions, or decisions, without making it explicit.


OK.  (Laughter).

. . . But I do think they played an important role. There obviously were forces at work beyond the control of any policymaker. You know, manufacturing has spread much more evenly across the face of the globe. Prosperity has spread much more evenly across the face of the globe. And that's been a really good thing for billions - with a B - of people, and none of that should be minimized.

But I do think it is the case that economists in the United States and in other developed nations made that process much more painful for the average American, that the policies that they implemented or convinced policymakers to implement had the effect on the whole of concentrating the benefits of globalization in relatively few hands and of leaving many Americans to suffer the consequences.

Well, what do you think should happen now?I mean, economists are pretty firmly installed where they are. They do have the ears of presidents. What do you think should happen?

turn 1 : The policies implemented by economists had negative effects on average Americans.

turn 1 : Economists gained significant influence over public policy in the United States during the late 1960s and early 1970s.

turn 1 : People aren't spending money due to the recession.

turn 1 : Personal consumption is the key driver of the American economy, and if people stop consuming, the economy will suffer.

turn 1 : A implies that positive economic effects of the tax reductions will have positive political developments for the Republicans


Well, the Hardings sued when they came to light. And the family wanted to put them away for 50 years so that anybody involved in them would be long gone. So they put them in the Library of Congress and four microfilms in the Ohio Historical Society. The archivist though, who made the microfilms, sent several microfilms out to various people for protective custody. And that's one of the ones that I got a hold of in 2004. But they've been under seal and under a court-order - under seal until actually next week is when they finally come out.

Let me get to the spy-story stuff. Was Carrie Fulton Phillips trying to influence President Harding toward Germany?

Yeah. Well, he was then Senator Harding with the obligation to vote for war or not. And she thought we should stay out. She was extremely pro-German. She was hanging out with a very pro-German crowd, some of whom were spies for sure in New York City. And she had lived in Berlin for three years in the lead-up to the war. So she definitely was trying to convince him not to vote for war. And he eventually writes to her that though it's going to be a really tough thing for their relationship, he's going to vote for war. But that's not long before we actually get involved in the war.

But what about the whole idea that somehow she was some kind of conduit for information to Berlin?

turn 1 : The president insulted her before releasing her from her job.

turn 1 : Was Carrie Fulton Phillips trying to influence President Harding towards Germany? This implies that she was attempting to sway his opinion on whether the US should enter the war, not just provide information to Berlin.

turn 1 : The president's statements caused tension among other leaders

turn 1 : The implied meaning is that Andrew Weissman's involvement in the Mueller probe creates an appearance of bias, regardless of his actual objectivity.

turn 1 : 4) is that Hillary Clinton gave an impromptu news conference in Iowa, denying knowledge of the issue and demanding the FBI director release more information. Her allies also criticized the FBI's actions.  The implied meaning, however, is that Clinton and her allies are reacting to negative news about her campaign and attempting to deflect attention away from it. The language used suggests a degree of defensiveness and desperation, as they try to shift blame onto the FBI and portray the issue as a partisan attack by Donald Trump.


turn 3 : 4) is that Hillary Clinton gave an impromptu news conference in Iowa, denying knowledge of the issue and demanding the FBI director release more information. Her allies also criticized the FBI's actions.  The implied meaning, however, is that Clinton and her allies are reacting to negative news about her campaign and attempting to deflect attention away from it. The language used suggests a degree of defensiveness and desperation, as they try to shift blame onto the FBI and portray the issue as a partisan attack by Donald Trump.

turn 3 : The president insulted her before releasing her from her job.

turn 3 :  But what about the whole idea that somehow she was some kind of conduit for information to Berlin? This implies that there is a suggestion that she was secretly providing information to Berlin, beyond just influencing President Harding's opinion.

turn 3 : The comment made by 'she' had a significant impact on A

turn 3 : They don't think Nancy Pelosi would begin impeachment proceedings if she wasn't sure that what she knew would get the president impeached.


Rubber-faced American was OK but, like, not all NPR executives are clowns.

That's true.

Exactly. So, what's happening, Murray?

turn 1 : All ideas are different between all human beings.

turn 1 : ) We all think we're being so original, right? (Implied meaning: We all think we're really creative and original, don't we?)

turn 1 : AGREE WITH THE TURN AND IMPLIED MEANING AND BELIVE THAT EVERYONE

turn 1 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer

turn 1 : (3) "What is it, do you think, in the human psyche that we - so many of us - I mean, look at the human history that's shown here in this exhibit - need to look at ourselves, at least for a time, to begin the day?"


Well, yes. As you said, I'm at 17,000 feet in the Atacama Desert. And this place is wonderful for viewing because it's so high, so the - most of the atmosphere is - well, it's not most below us, but a lot of it is below us. And the air is very dry, and the wavelengths that people want to study, the stars and galaxies at - up here, there's very dry air, and the wavelengths are not - they're coming through clear because water vapor absorbs wavelengths that they're interested in, so they want to get as far away from water vapor as they can. So they're up high. And there's other places here besides the Atacama that are in the Andes - very high, very good viewing - or seeing, as they call it in astronomy.

And is that why, as you told us, that half of the world's major telescopes are in Chile?Is that why they're all there?

Well, yeah. It's because it's a great location. And the one I'm at right now is not one of the major telescopes. It's a smaller one. It's called CLASS - the Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor. And what it's doing is looking for signals, traces of the earliest moments of the universe that were laid down in something called gravitational waves. Those gravitational waves have a certain property known as a polarization, and it should be possible to see that polarization left behind in the wavelengths that they're studying at CLASS. That's what they're doing here.

So where else have you been on this trip?

turn 0 : The Atacama Desert is an ideal place for astronomical observation because its high altitude and dry air reduce atmospheric interference with wavelengths.

turn 0 : The drone has powerful sensors and can see far distances

turn 0 : The weather models obtain information from the satellites.

turn 0 : The stars are not actually very close to Earth. The implication is that they are closer to Earth and its Sun than other stars.

turn 0 : Minnesota has good solar potential despite being in the northern part of the US


turn 0 : The Atacama Desert is a great location for viewing stars and galaxies because of its high altitude and dry air.

turn 0 : Studying the nearest stars is interesting because it increases the chances of contacting intelligent beings

turn 0 : big star implies being very popular  well known  or famous and not talking about the star in the sky


(Laughter) Yes, they. . .

That's my pirate.

That was very impressive. I was whisked back to the Caribbean. But we should honor pirates for being pioneers of workers' rights. They were surprisingly progressive in their employment policy. They elected the captains democratically. There was profit-sharing agreements.

And the pirates even had an early version of workers' comp. So some of the pirate booty would go into a common fund to repay the pirates who had lost limbs or eyes. So those peg legs and hooks, they were subsidized. And by the way, I was going to make an argh-bitration joke, but you beat me to it.

turn 2 : Many people are losing their jobs and companies are going bankrupt.

turn 2 : (2) B's statement implies that the racist jokes made by the pirate captain in the book were a red flag that something was wrong with him and that being a pirate is not as glamorous as it may seem, rather than simply reacting differently to the story. The actual meaning is that the reader's perception of the pirate captain changes as they learn more about him.

turn 2 : The living conditions of workers are terrible and lack privacy and basic necessities

turn 2 : A believes that without enforcement, the labor chapter is meaningless

turn 2 : Pirates were surprisingly progressive in their employment policy


Good to be with you.

So we just heard about what this decision means practically speaking, but what about politically?What's the thought process here?

I think the administration does not want too much attention to be paid to the person that they're handling this portfolio to. In other words, they don't want the czar concept. That was something of a media concept. You know, we do love czars. We like our drug czars, our energy czars. So. . .

And what sounds better than car czar?

(Soundbite of laughter) It's perfect. It was irresistible. And that is exactly why they decided to resist it because they knew we couldn't resist it. They wanted this fellow, and they have a person, his name is Ron Bloom. He has been an investment banker. He has been involved in a number of manufacturing, restructuring situations. And they wanted to bring him into the Treasury Department as a senior adviser to Treasury Secretary Tim Geithner.

turn 2 : The term 'Czar' is used to refer to the head of a certain field, although it does not hold any official title or position in the government.

turn 2 : The administration doesn't want to draw attention to the position by calling it a 'czar'

turn 2 : He is not saying that Putin never does anything wrong and is very nice.

turn 2 : There is always people that are suspicious of those that are associated with Russia in any way, even the smallest way.


Good to be with you.

And what sounds better than car czar?

turn 3 : The term 'Czar' is used to refer to the head of a certain field, although it does not hold any official title or position in the government.

turn 3 : The statement is tongue in cheek. B is joking that "car czar" rhymes and fits in with the habit of calling so many positions "czar" in American government.

turn 3 : implies asking for an opinion on Russia's ambitions.

turn 3 : They mean that this is not a small way of being associated with Russia.


Right.

I believe it's what's called an ordinary chondrite. It's one of the more common types of meteorites. So just in and of itself, it's probably not one of the rare kinds of meteorites that's out there. But yeah, I would be hard put to put a figure. . .

Millions.

turn 2 : The implication of this turn is that people want to be able to look at the original documents and decide for themselves what is relevant and important, instead of relying on a news organization to make that determination.

turn 2 : A: Any known observed fall, anything that's of historic interest, naturally just by the news-making aspect of it, has more value to it than what it would otherwise be.

turn 2 : The information does not boil down, but it gets to the most practical facts.

turn 2 : The literal meaning of this turn is that people might think news organizations are concealing information, but the actual meaning is that people might think news organizations should not be concealing information.

turn 2 : The key point is made to make people want to learn more about what happened.


I do not believe in curses, but I do believe jerks can earn comeuppance. That night, Cubs fans behaved shamefully and cursed at the club they love into a panic and out of the World Series. Over the years, Steven Bartman has declined comment and turned down all offers to cash in on his notoriety with commercials, books, interviews or appearances. The Chicago Cubs finally won the World Series last year for the first time in 108 years. This week, the club gave Steven Baartman a World Series ring, just like the one they gave their players, with 108 diamonds. A ring like that is not just some public radio tote bag.

Although I do not consider myself worthy of such an honor, Steve Bartman said in a statement, I am deeply moved and sincerely grateful. I humbly receive the ring not only as a symbol of one of the most historic achievements in sports, but as an important reminder for how we should treat each other in today's society. This week, a once-luckless club and a once-defamed fan gave us as much as great athletes do - glimpses of grace.

(Singing) And I run for home. And we win the game. And it's what you'd call a dream. And the sun shines like diamonds.

Brett Rigby. And you're listening to NPR News.

turn 1 : Turn: "didn't quite get the same glory" Actual meaning: Did not receive the same recognition or fame.

turn 1 : We appreciate the opportunities we get to perform

turn 1 : (2) Implied meaning: Was that the highlight of your baseball career?

turn 1 : (2) Implied meaning: The speaker is acknowledging that while some people consider Pete Reiser to be one of the greatest ballplayers of all time, his career was plagued by multiple collisions with outfield walls, which may have prevented him from achieving even greater success.

turn 1 : "This week, a once-luckless club and a once-defamed fan gave us as much as great athletes do - glimpses of grace."


Asa, reading the article, it sounds like you wanted to get off after the first day.

I wanted to get off after about the third day. I realized once we had moved around a bit that the majority of the experience ended up being waiting, rather than getting on trains or riding them. And the other thing I found is that once you're on board, it's very loud. And even though I had expected to be talking to my father on board, it was really difficult to have conversation. We'd have to kind of shout at each other. And so most of the time I was lying. I'd be reading, or listening to music if possible. And the views we saw were incredible. Some of the most beautiful places I've ever been. But you can only take so much of just lying in the same place, especially when it's very loud and you have to wait on hot tracks for a train to come, not knowing if it's going to be there. And I had had about enough of that after the third day.

We should explain you guys slept in motels, too.

Yeah, that is true.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: Although there may be variations in how people interpret it, the speaker is fairly confident that a significant number of individuals will understand that there is an underlying or implicit message conveyed through this turn. The meaning might not be immediately apparent and could require additional context, but the speaker believes that most people will recognize that there is a subtext or insinuation.

turn 2 : This turn does not mean that the speaker is proposing to explain that they slept in motels, but rather that they are suggesting to mention it as an additional piece of information to the conversation, which is a different meaning than the literal one.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker might be implying a hidden agenda or ulterior motive behind their words, actions, or decisions, without making it explicit.

turn 2 : Implied Meaning: While there may not be a clear and definitive implied meaning behind this turn, it's possible that there is a subtle message or intention that can be inferred based on the speaker's tone and the context of the conversation. However, not everyone may agree on what the implied meaning is, as it may be subject to interpretation. Nonetheless, there is a likelihood that most people would perceive some sort of subtext or hidden intention in this turn.

turn 2 : Turn 4 has an implied meaning that conveys a sense of irony or humor. While the speaker's comment is framed as a joke and elicits laughter from their conversation partner, it also carries a serious message about the importance of getting enough sleep.


And I want to just warn listeners before we get going there may be some brief descriptions of violence as we chat this out over the next couple minutes. Start with, why now?As we said, the federal government has not carried out an execution for some years now.

Actually, a senior Justice Department official tells me the previous attorney general, Jeff Sessions, launched this effort, put it into motion. But it's actually happening on the watch of his successor, Bill Barr. Barr says the federal government owes it to victims and their families. He points out, even though there haven't been many executions in the federal system, that Justice Departments representing presidents from both political parties have continued to seek capital punishment in court.

Barr says the people on federal death row are the worst of the worst. And he's directed the Federal Bureau of Prisons to schedule five inmates for executions, all starting - if it goes to plan - December 9.

And who are these five?What do we know about them?

turn 0 : to move in direction in this context means to change something

turn 0 : to carry something out means to do something

turn 0 : to take on a role in this context means to act like a character.

turn 0 : to hold out in this context means to wait

turn 0 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer


turn 1 : To pull the trigger means to decide to make something happen.

turn 1 : The turn "Literally, I went to the scene of the crime" is meant to be taken at face value as a statement about the speaker physically going to the location where a crime was committed. There is no figurative or non-literal meaning to this turn.

turn 1 : put into motion means that he enacted the efforts to seek the death penalty

turn 1 : implies that the speaker was advocating for themselves to be violently punished,

turn 1 : Turn (2) has an actual meaning that is different from its literal meaning. The speaker is not discussing an attempt to physically move goalposts, but rather a rhetorical strategy of avoiding answering certain questions.


It is - they take it as good news, but the reality is it's not because the only infrastructure that remains intact is the infrastructure of the former regime and the former ruling party. It's difficult to see how, in a situation where people are fearing for their lives, you can put together a cohesive electoral campaign. Even though the military council says that they will allow observers in, this is a military council that is blocking journalists - that has suspended Al Jazeera, that has suspended other journalists from doing their work. So there's a lot of disbelief that they will allow observers to carry out their job.

Meanwhile, they will just continue to sit-in, to protest, to demand democratic reforms even if they are unlikely.

To resist - that's what we're hearing - that so much blood has been spilled, so many lives have been lost that to turn back now is unthinkable to many of those people we're speaking to on the ground, Rachel.

CNN's Nima Elbagir. She is senior international correspondent with CNN covering Sudan. She joined us from London on Skype. Thank you so much.

turn 0 : The reasons for security clearance denial listed by A are hypothetical but serious.

turn 0 : The military council is not trustworthy and will not allow observers to carry out their job

turn 0 : Forcing a foreign government to work as per your choice is unacceptable

turn 0 : There is a risk of a catastrophic situation if a full war breaks out in the area with civilians

turn 0 : There are multiple options for military action, and the president will choose one after considering diplomatic and political actions.


His team had not made the playoff for three years, and his defense was awful. Now, you could say, Mike Shanahan, he's supposed to be good at offense. But as the head coach, it's your responsibility. And also, Mike Shanahan was the GM, the general manager of his team. So he was in charge of picking all the players.

Sometimes, when a coach is both the GM and the coach, an owner will say, we're going to strip you of that GM responsibility, and the coach usually chafes. A famous coach, Bill Parcells, once likened it to, they want me to cook the food, but they won't let me buy the groceries.

Romeo Crennel had about a three-sentence statement about his firing. He was the former coach of the Browns. One of the sentences was this. It says it all. I did not win enough games. So I must move on. That's it.

I wonder if Leo Tolstoy could have written that.

turn 3 : Referring about Leo Tolstoy work reference from Romeo Crennel's statement.

turn 3 : has a figurative meaning, as it is implying a joke about the idea of Dame Stella turning her experiences into a novel.

turn 3 : the literal meaning is that the interviewer asks if recent events and debates make a scene in a book more significant.

turn 3 : implies asking for an opinion on Russia's ambitions.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using allusions to reference something indirectly, assuming that the listener will understand the reference based on shared knowledge or cultural context.


So I work in merchandising strategy at Tiffany jewelry company.

Have you spoken to your bosses about what may happen in March if your DACA authorization expires?And you're a manager, too. What are you telling your employees?

So at this point, not everyone on the staff is familiar or knows what my status is just because we don't think it's necessary until we finally get to the point where I'll no longer be able to work here. So my management team - they're extremely supportive. And they're watching the news just like I am. So, you know, when it gets closer to March, I'll have to have a discussion with the team that I have out here. But at this point, we're all just hoping and praying that something changes, that we do get a DREAM Act, that we don't have to deal with this because, you know, there's a potential that I just won't have a job after March 22.

Tolu Aleshinloye is a DACA recipient in Miami. Thank you very much for joining us.

turn 2 : Losing DACA could result in job loss and humiliation

turn 2 : Coming out of the shadows and revealing her status as a DACA recipient has allowed the speaker to pursue her dreams and be proud of her identity.

turn 2 : A's job may be at risk due to the expiration of their DACA status, and they are hoping for a DREAM Act to be passed.

turn 2 : DARPA needs new ideas from people who want to work for them.

turn 2 : The situation is much worse than ever before and people are starting to think about alternative options if their current job is not secured.