turn 1 : the turns whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings. By saying "you're not one of these people that thinks I'm young and strong and nothing will happen"

turn 1 : Turn: "didn't quite get the same glory" Actual meaning: Did not receive the same recognition or fame.

turn 1 : The speaker is expressing frustration with the limitations imposed on them by their identity.

turn 1 : The turn with an actual meaning different from its literal meaning is (2).  In this conversation, A is acknowledging the wisdom in what B's mother said about talking to people in their 80s because they have a unique perspective on life. However, when A says "Nobody wants to hear that you met Harry Truman, you know. Shh.", the literal meaning is that A is telling B to be quiet about meeting Harry Truman because it's not interesting. The actual meaning, however, is that A is making a sarcastic comment about how people only seem to care about meeting famous celebrities like Rihanna, rather than valuing the life experiences and wisdom of those who have lived longer.

turn 1 : the phrase "sometimes people recognize me, sometimes they don't" does not literally mean that the speaker is unrecognizable or that their appearance changes, but rather that their level of fame and recognition varies.


. . . You are from this area - born in D. C. , raised in Maryland and Virginia - the DMV, as we like to say. So what's it like to be back home now that you're blowing up like this?Can you go to, like, the CVS if you want to without being recognized?

Yeah. I definitely can go to the CVS. You know, sometimes people recognize me, sometimes they don't. But it's a beautiful feeling, and I just can't wait to move back eventually.

How did you start singing or how did you realize you could sing?

I don't know. I just was always singing. I didn't know if it was good or not, but my grandma, she told me that I sounded like an angel. And that maybe - perhaps that kept me going. I mean, I always wanted a solo at the church, and they didn't ever give it to me. But eventually they did, and I froze. But then I killed it. And I just feel like that kind of just followed me all throughout my life.

turn 2 : The speaker is emotionally moved by the lyrics of the song.

turn 2 : (3) A: ...Which people might think is a very sort of girly kind of sound. But - I mean, I have no defense for that.  The implied meaning in this turn is that the speaker is acknowledging that some people may view the sound they made as "girly," but they don't have any justification or explanation for why they made that sound. They seem to be a bit embarrassed or self-conscious about it.

turn 2 : "So, it seems like singing and music is set of human being. So, when we sing, we cry, we shout, we just bring it outside. So, it's very natural."

turn 2 : the phrase "sounded like an angel" does not literally mean that the speaker's voice sounded like a divine being, but rather that their grandmother thought they had a beautiful singing voice

turn 2 :  A's turn does not contain any figurative language. The speaker is expressing their genuine reaction to the artist's work.


turn 3 : No one's feet were literally frozen, it just means that it was really cold outside and people's feet felt cold.

turn 3 : The phrase "cold-blooded murder" implies that the act was done with a clear intention to kill, indicating that it was done without any emotion or hesitation.

turn 3 : The phrase "I froze" does not literally mean that the speaker's body physically froze, but rather that they were nervous or scared.  The phrase "killed it" does not literally mean that the speaker caused harm to anything, but rather that they performed very well.

turn 3 : Their heart did not almost stop but they did fell very close to panic when they heard the sound.


turn 3 : She wrote very close to what happened in her own life.

turn 3 : The person singing the song is rebellious and the listener can relate to it

turn 3 : "It's a big, tall woman with a terrible voice. And of course, that was Julia." - The literal meaning of this turn is a description of Julia's physical appearance and voice, but the actual meaning is that A is identifying Julia as the woman they were discussing earlier.

turn 3 : Many non-literal statements here: "always singing", "froze" and "killed it." They mean she sang a lot of the time, she failed to perform in front of an audience due to nerves, and she sang really well.


Yeah, yeah. And then tomorrow, let's focus more on the hammer (tapping piano hammers).

That pounds the strings.

Yeah. And then let's focus more on the keys the day after (playing piano).

He did this while explaining why he is returning to compositions he played as a child. Lang Lang is a concert pianist for whom almost no composition seems too difficult.

Yet his latest album, "Piano Book," features much simpler classics, tunes many adults recall trying to play in piano lessons and that Lang Lang played growing up in China.

turn 4 : B's statement "his fingers will tell a story" is a metaphorical expression that means Lang Lang will add his personal interpretation to the melody, giving it a unique and expressive character. It's not meant to be taken literally that Lang Lang's fingers will actually tell a story. The other turns appear to be conveying their literal meanings. Turn 1 expresses the speaker's belief that the piece they are discussing is not only well-known but also a beautiful and masterful composition. Turn 3 is a straightforward statement that playing the piano involves using your hands. Turn 4 means that while the mechanics of playing piano may be relatively easy to learn, it's difficult to master the instrument and create beautiful music.

turn 4 : The implied meaning in turn (3) is that the author saw a lack of knowledge among young people in their community about their own cultural history and wanted to address this deficit by creating a book with images and information about that history.

turn 4 : The implied meaning is that Simone Giertz uses her robots to inspire people to learn about hardware and electronics, even if they wouldn't normally be interested in robotics projects.

turn 4 : "Yet his latest album, 'Piano Book,' features much simpler classics, tunes many adults recall trying to play in piano lessons and that Lang Lang played growing up in China." - The literal meaning of this turn is that Lang Lang's latest album features simpler classical music that many adults tried to play in piano lessons and that Lang Lang played when he was growing up. The actual meaning is that Lang Lang is showcasing his roots and paying tribute to the music that inspired him as a child, rather than just playing difficult pieces to show off his technical skills.


Do you remember that question about any practical applications?And what did you say?Do you remember what you said?

Yeah, I said practical applications are science fiction, that we just can't make enough antimatter to be useful. It would take longer than the age of the universe to accumulate macroscopic amounts of antimatter to make a weapon or a rocket fuel or something like that. So this is really pure research, right?We're looking at, you know, one or few atoms at a time. There's 10 to the 24th atoms in a macroscopic amount of hydrogen or antihydrogen, so we're just nowhere near there. But it's still a lot of fun.

Yeah. So the answer to the question of a practical application is still absolutely no.

Yeah, nothing has changed there and. . .

turn 1 :  implies surprise that the potential for machines to reach human intelligence is a reality that children might have to consider.

turn 1 : is asking James Harbeck why he chose this particular topic to research.

turn 1 : He said that practical applications are things a person would only find in science fiction novels and shows. It can not be done in reality.

turn 1 : The problems of today are the necessity for innovation to occur.

turn 1 :  implies a question asking if the idea has been used in any other contexts.


And then, on top of that, you've got a set of rules that just make any type of compromise very difficult. And the toughest one there is that any budget or spending plan has to pass by two-thirds of a vote of both the Senate and the Assembly. So, even though the Democrats hold pretty firm majorities in both houses, they can't do it without getting three Republican votes from the Senate and three from the Assembly.

So, it basically has to be a consensus budget. And the governor for his entire term has been totally flummoxed by the fact that it's so difficult to find a middle ground in the legislature to get things done.

Jordan Rau reporting from Sacramento for the Los Angeles Times on California's massive budget deficit facing more than $14 billion shortfall this year. And, Jordan, thank you very much.

You're welcome.

turn 1 : The Legislature wants to get the governor out of office before dealing with a huge budget deficit and the dysfunctional relationship between them.

turn 1 : It is being implied that the leader made it difficult for the coalition.

turn 1 : The government could acquire loans and make changes more easily.

turn 1 : The governor has had a hard time finding common ground in the legislature to get things done due to the difficulty in passing a budget.


Great to be here as well.

So let's start with the most recent news. This past Friday, the Supreme Court agreed to hear an abortion case out of Louisiana. Can you just briefly explain the central issue in the case and why this is so significant?

Louisiana had passed a statute that required doctors to have admitting privileges before they could perform abortions. And that would result in virtually no abortion facilities in the state. It's similar to what Texas attempted to do several years ago, and the Supreme Court struck down that law in 2016. But this time, the federal appeals court for Louisiana has upheld the law, and the court was sort of forced to take the case.

The question I think for people who both support abortion rights and expansive abortion rights and those who oppose them is whether the court will turn over the precedent set in Roe v.  Wade. Is this case a case that could do that?

turn 3 : The question is whether the Court will redo the case of Roe v. Wade and change the outcome of it.

turn 3 : This implies that there is a contradiction between the state bill against abortion and  Roe v. Wade.

turn 3 : The AMA is concerned about another abortion law.

turn 3 : The justices will give their opinions on certain issues for the first time.


Well, it's about four, five, six percent. But we also asked questions about whether or not people would change their minds. You can add an additional about 20 percent of voters who are picking a candidate in the month of September, but are still saying they might change their mind how they're going to vote. When you add those two numbers together, you get almost to a quarter of the electorate in Ohio that could change its mind between now and Election Day.

And the number one issue, as it is in many places in the country, the economy?

The economy is the number one issue. And one of the things that makes it very difficult for a candidate to campaign in Ohio is that when they come to Ohio to talk about the economy, they can't just talk about a single aspect. When you talk to folks in the northern part of the state, northeast Ohio which includes Cleveland, and northwest Ohio which includes Toledo, when you're talking about the economy there, oftentimes the discussion is about trade.

When you talk about the economy in southwest Ohio, which is the Cincinnati area, there's much less talk about trade, and more discussion about wages and the salaries that people are making. The southeast area of the state, which is also known in part because of the Appalachian history of that part of the state, has high unemployment. A number of counties in southeast Ohio have double-digit unemployment. Many people in that region are talking about and focused on unemployment, solely as their economic concern.

turn 0 : to give an idea means to tell them their opinion, or what is happening

turn 0 : "could change its mind" - actual meaning: might change their opinion or decision

turn 0 : The person refuses to change their mind on what they think about the situation.

turn 0 : Turn (2) implies that the speaker has no opinion on the subject but is interested in hearing the opinions of others and is marveling at the idea of how much can change in 40 years.

turn 0 : The brain does not reverse but  the person's opinions do change.


turn 1 : "state of the economy" - This turn has a figurative meaning, as it refers to the overall condition of the economy rather than a specific physical location.

turn 1 : None found - the turn "the economy" appears to have its literal meaning as the main issue of concern.

turn 1 : The economists spoke up and said that people should take caution in their finances.

turn 1 : We are the reason that there is an economy. We've been buying things with our Visa cards without a care. When we stop doing that the economy is going to go down.


turn 2 : elements in this context is something that causes something else, or something that can help something, in this case its asthma

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker is hinting at an underlying issue or concern that they are not comfortable discussing directly.

turn 2 :  The turn contains multiple layers of meaning, including both explicit and implicit information, and its true significance can only be fully understood through careful analysis of its context and subtext.

turn 2 : "talk about a single aspect" - actual meaning: talk about a single element or component


turn 3 : There are broader definitions of unemployment beyond U3.

turn 3 : None found - the turns "less talk about trade" and "focused on unemployment" appear to have their literal meanings.

turn 3 : They are implying that drugs running rampant in their country may be cause for "unemployment."

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is hinting at a deeper or hidden motive or intention behind their actions or words.


That could be jeopardized?

Well, certainly the people putting forth these plans don't think it would be. What they want to do is change Medicaid from a guaranteed benefit to a block grant to states. So a state would get a fixed amount of money from the federal government and decide for itself how to spend it. The idea is that states know their needs better than the feds, and this would give them flexibility.

What critics of this idea worry about is, what happens in an economic downturn when demand on Medicaid goes up?They say states could be left with a sort of Sophie's choice. Do you cut back on services for poor children or for the frail elderly?

I know we've talked about Medicare and Medicaid. Are there proposed changes that would affect older Americans who might buy their own health care coverage?

turn 0 : (2) is different from its literal meaning. While the speaker is apologizing for their question, the implied meaning is that they are skeptical about the severity of the situation and the potential consequences of aid shortages.

turn 0 : The question is asking for turns whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings. In turn 1, the literal meaning of the phrase "that could be jeopardized" is to suggest something is in danger or at risk, but the implied meaning is that the proposed changes to Medicaid could have a negative effect.

turn 0 : In turn (1), when the speaker says, "Was impelled by government programs that said to people, every American should be in a home," the literal meaning is that government programs encouraged homeownership. However, the implied meaning is that these programs were promoting homeownership to an extent that was beyond what was sustainable or responsible, which ultimately led to a housing bubble and the 2008 financial crisis. The turn implies that the government's encouragement of homeownership was misguided and had negative consequences, which is a departure from the literal meaning of the words used in the turn.

turn 0 : (1) has an implied meaning that is different from its literal meaning. The literal meaning is that the speaker is asking if there is any sign of improvement in the situation being discussed, but the implied meaning is that the situation is bad and the speaker is hoping for some positive news or indication that things will get better.


That could be jeopardized?

turn 0 : (1) Implied meaning: Is this plan risky?

turn 0 : when a plan is sweeping it means it changes a lot of things and can be life changing

turn 0 : "In other words, these plans are viable, credible, ready to go?" - The actual meaning here is not about the meaning of the words used but rather about the speaker trying to confirm if the plans are indeed viable, credible, and ready to be implemented.

turn 0 : (2) Implied Meaning: Is this the overall goal we are striving towards?

turn 0 : Turn (1) has a non-literal meaning. The speaker is suggesting that the cost of the program may be justified by its deterrent effect, even though it may not be cost-effective in terms of the number of arrests made.


That could be jeopardized?

turn 2 : The implied meaning of this statement is that the focus is not only on the states, but also on the number of delegates that the candidates can gain from those states.

turn 2 : The actual meaning is that the federal government is not responsible for choosing which properties are offered buyouts, as that is the responsibility of local governments.

turn 2 : Basically, when we haven't got enough money, we have to decide who's not going to get food."  The actual meaning implied in this turn is: "Essentially, when we lack sufficient funds, we need to determine which individuals will not receive food."

turn 2 : (3) Implied meaning: Do states have to make a difficult decision on how to use the limited funds?

turn 2 : (3) implies that there is a possibility of further financial compensation beyond the previously approved payments, while


All right. Let's start with this violence. What are you hearing?A bad night from all sides.

Yeah, the country's just really tense. I mean, overnight, there were four people killed in an area that's opposition heavy. And this morning, we heard accusations that they were shot to death because of their tribe. The police chief says that's just not true and that politicians are using that to incite violence. But either way, the killings have unleashed riots in some parts of Nairobi. People have set cars and buses on fire. And in some other areas, there's looting, and some residents have set up checkpoints where they're asking for ID, basically trying to confirm tribe. So there's running battles right now with police. And a member of Parliament from the opposition party was shot in the leg during one of those confrontations. And that's just likely to inflame tensions even more.

Right. And, of course, this is coming before this very important case before the Supreme Court. This is the second time the Supreme Court is deciding on a very important issue - whether or not to nullify the election again, right?

Yeah. If you remember, this same court threw out the first presidential elections back in August. And they said they found too many irregularities so they ordered new ones. Those were held last month. And now the court is deciding whether that election met the constitutional standards. There's a lot of questions before the court, but the central one has to do with violence. The Kenyan Constitution says that elections have to be held in an atmosphere that is free from intimidation and free from violence. But just before these elections, the opposition leader pulled out of the contest.

turn 0 : when a country is divided it means that the people living in the country have very different opinions from one another

turn 0 : The country does not have children but it means the people that are born and raised there.

turn 0 : The country's just really tense means that the majority of the population is tense and not that the country is intense.

turn 0 : mixed picture means that all the countries have a lot of differences

turn 0 : They are on a list of people that are treated badly by the country.


They're very abstract. I talked with Heather Heckman, who's at the University of South Carolina Libraries, and they loaned us some of this Vishniac footage. And she was, like, it's almost like avant-garde film because, you know, you look at these oyster larvae pulsating, and you don't know what they are. They're just - but it's really beautiful.

So we talked - so we learn about Vishniac and also sort of figure out how things have changed since the '50s, '60s and '70s, which is when he was doing his work. And we spoke with Wim van Egmond, who's this Dutch photographer who wins all these Nikon Small Worlds contests. I think people who follow this will know his name. But he makes these beautiful, microscopic videos and videos through the microscope and photos, too.

And they're all one-celled creatures?

Not all of them.

turn 0 : The speaker is expressing their opinion about the actress's ability to get roles in Hollywood as an African-American woman, and how they didn't think she was a good fit for the particular movie. The literal meaning of the words used in the turn may not convey the speaker's actual opinion or intended message.

turn 0 : "it's almost like avant-garde film" - this is a figurative expression meaning that the footage is very abstract and unconventional, similar to avant-garde films, rather than a literal comparison to a specific genre of film.

turn 0 : The turn (1) "holding our neighbors hostage and making them watch 10,000 slides from our family vacation" is an example of figurative language and its actual meaning is not literal. The speaker is using exaggeration to emphasize how people have always had a desire to share their experiences with others, even if it means subjecting them to boring slideshows.

turn 0 : "kind of a punk kid" - This is a figurative expression meaning that the speaker was rebellious and anti-establishment in their youth.

turn 0 : All the turns in this conversation appear to have their literal meanings, and there are no metaphors, figurative language or idioms used.


And they're all one-celled creatures?

Not all of them.

turn 1 : "figure out how things have changed" - this is a figurative expression meaning to understand how the field of microscopy has advanced and evolved since the time of Vishniac's work, rather than a literal physical measurement of change.

turn 1 :  "progress has gotten much faster because now you can just look and see your result immediately." Literal meaning: Advances in technology have made progress faster because you can immediately see your result without having to wait. Actual meaning: The availability of digital technology has allowed Wim van Egmond to refine his microscopy techniques more quickly than he would have been able to in the past.

turn 1 : "change the dynamics" means to alter the way things are done

turn 1 : A is discussing a scientific concept or discovery with B.


Well, I'm here advising Ambassador Vecchio. And Ambassador Vecchio and myself have very fluid communication with members of Congress, with the State Department, with the White House. And we've always radiated and seen with very good eyes that this is a bipartisan issue.

So what does it mean to you when you hear someone like John Bolton, the national security adviser, talking about all options being on the table when it comes to support for Venezuela?Do you have any fears about military intervention?

Well, first of all, we continue to ask for all options on the table because. . .

So you want it. You want that to be a potential.

turn 2 : There is doubt whether the Congress will be able to come up with a comprehensive solution for all the issues and it may require multiple attempts

turn 2 : Implies that the speaker is asking for the other person's opinion about the political implications of the current situation.

turn 2 : The speaker is hinting that the situation is difficult or complex.

turn 2 : People are expecting the President to come up with solutions to address the issues in the South Side.

turn 2 : The speaker believes that all possible solutions should be considered in order to address the Venezuela crisis.


I've also been impressed by what Germany has done to address their history. And I notice in some spots in Germany, you will have plaques that remember the lives and the death of individual German soldiers. Is there room for that?

There's a room for a commemorating individual soldiers. There's a room for, I think, monument on battlefields. I mean, Gettysburg - people have asked me, what about Gettysburg?Well, you know, people fought and died there. So, yes, I think to the extent that these things are done in places that are not meant to send a message of domination, sure that's appropriate.

If it were up to you, what should be done with a lot of Confederate statues?

I think the Confederate statues should be removed. The notion that removing them means we're getting rid of history or changing history is not true. We will always write about Robert E.  Lee, Grant, the war, but that's - doesn't have to be commemorated, I think, in statues.

turn 0 : Not being able to honor the fallen soldiers on Memorial Day is painful.

turn 0 : The speaker has a permanent memorial post where people can pay their respects.

turn 0 : I've also been impressed by what Germany has done to address their history.And I notice in some spots in Germany, you will have plaques that remember the lives and the death of individual German soldiers.Is there room for that?  Actual Meaning: Is it acceptable to honor and remember the individual German soldiers who died in the war?

turn 0 : The speaker is worried that the lessons of the Holocaust might be forgotten or ignored


The administration position, as I alluded to, is that the number of migrant children apprehended crossing the border without a parent or guardian is at all-time record highs, that this is an emergency situation and that they're having to process so many children that they are out of money for everything which is not - and I'll quote - "directly necessary for the protection of life and safety. "What is your response?

Well, I'd argue that legal counsel is often an issue of life and safety for these children. They have fled horrific, violent conditions in their home countries. And an order of deportation without the opportunity of due process could mean a threat to their life and safety. When we're talking about the numbers of children coming in here, while the numbers may be higher, they're not that substantially higher than they were in 2014. And we were able to continue and actually expand services.

In your view, is this move legal?I mean, is the U. S.  obligated by law to provide these services for unaccompanied minors in federal shelters here?

Absolutely. The Trafficking Victims Protection Act mandates that children be provided with Know-Your-Rights presentations and legal screenings when they are in the custody of ORR.

turn 0 : The number of migrant children crossing the border is a crisis, and they are out of funds for non-essential expenses.

turn 0 : The situation of sick children at the border is worse than immigration officials claim

turn 0 : The situation is more dire than what is being reported, as the resources available are not able to meet the needs of the refugees.

turn 0 : People are concerned about immigration, not just interested.

turn 0 : When you hand out money quickly with no regulations people will spend it on things that are not needed.


Right.

There must be some science to this, right?

Yeah. There's actually a little bit of fun science. Egg whites are basically liquid. But they're full of protein?That's why they're good for us. And so when you whip them, you're breaking down those proteins.

And the proteins are usually like little balls that hang out by themselves, but when you whip them, they unfurl, they unfold and they start bonding with each other. And as they bond, they create a structure. And that structure captures air bubbles, and it gives the foam its shape. And we're going to have a nice fluffy cloud as a result.

turn 3 : Preparing divots for egg yolks and baking for three minutes.

turn 3 : Whipping egg whites breaks down proteins and creates a structure that captures air bubbles, resulting in a fluffy foam.

turn 3 : They're implying that if you spike your eggnog enough, you'll get drunk.

turn 3 :  Implying that the conversation is about spiking eggnog with alcohol.


Indeed, and the longer this regime stays, the bigger this possibility is. I think any solution to the Syrian crisis will have to assure the different communities in Syria, at the top of which are the Alawites of their future in the country. Many Alawites today do not feel that what the Bashar Assad is doing to their country is excusable. At the same time, they are afraid to basically jump the ship and go against him for fear of being, sort of, killed and massacred by the majority Sunnis in the country. And so a political process will have to address the aspirations, the needs, the fears of these different minority communities in Syria.

A political process we've seen very little of. There's nothing going on.

Not much. There is a U. N.  envoy, Mr.  Lakhdar Brahimi, who was both an U. N.  and Arab League envoy, who is trying, you know, to initiate such a process. But given, in my view, the fact that this regime looks at things in Syria as a zero-sum game, there is, indeed, a very little likelihood of the success of the political process.

Marwan Muasher, former foreign minister, deputy prime minister of Jordan, with us from studios at the Carnegie Endowment in Washington. Thanks very much for your time.

turn 0 : The strategy to solve the Syrian crisis is similar to Obama's

turn 0 : The problem of the crisis is not difficult to identify, but finding a solution is not that easy.

turn 0 : In (1), A is expressing a pessimistic view about the chances of success for the peace talks in Syria. A is highlighting a major obstacle to the talks, which is the opposing views on the future of Bashar al-Assad's presidency. A is suggesting that this disagreement is a significant barrier to progress and is indicating that there are no positive examples from the past to suggest that the talks will be successful.

turn 0 : There is little progress in the political process of finding a solution to the Syrian crisis.


turn 1 : The strategy to solve the Syrian crisis is similar to Obama's

turn 1 : There is a lack of progress in the political process for the Syrian crisis.

turn 1 : The Syrian regime has been in power for a long time, and there is a possibility that Bashar will outlast Trump.

turn 1 : The Syrian regime's longevity is a sign of their power and oppression, and Bashar's reelection will likely outlast Trump's presidency.


Yeah. I can imagine.

. . . run me out of the lab on a rail. But they were delighted. They were so imaginative and they were so - well, they're both fiction readers, which helps, so they understand what literature can do, that it's symbolic and how you can sort of tell the truth in a fictional way.

So they - we just have a great time. We spent hours in conversation about this. If it did happen, then what would be the reasons?You know, we sort of backed up and had all of these hypothesis and, you know, Dr.  Brower was even saying, oh, and there's another species of milkweed, and if that range shifted a little too - so we were really - they were very enthusiastically helping me create this imaginary world, which gave me a lot of confidence in the final manuscript because they vetted it for me and they made sure that every degree of temperature was accurate and all the equipment used by the scientists in this novel were, you know, I haven't positioned them upside down. You know, everything, every detail has to be right.

So I really appreciate, not just Dr.  Brower and Dr.  Fink, but all of the scientists who have done a lot of work on monarchs that I relied - on which I relied to get my facts straight.

turn 1 : The scientists didn't actually run me out of the lab, but were very supportive.

turn 1 : they are performing experiments on mice, and the mice are all dead

turn 1 : late to the party implies that the scientists engaged with the issue after most people

turn 1 : You take the unimportant things out of something beautiful and bring them to the lab.

turn 1 : (2) implies that A has a very tiring day in the lab and wants to finish the work quickly and go home.


So the motive question remains fuzzy at this point. We might learn more about that later. In terms of what weapons he used, it was a . 45 caliber handgun. And he had with him several extended ammunition magazines and this device called a sound suppressor. And, you know, he entered the building using his city-issued ID, just using his swipe badge. And officials said, you know, he had done that very act, you know, every single workday for the previous 15 years. He was a longtime employee of the city.

And what will be going on this weekend, Bobby?

So there's going to be a number of memorials families of the victims will be planning here in Virginia Beach. And, you know, I have to say that city officials are talking about really bolstering services for the families who are grieving, who are going to be dealing with the turmoil that is now part of their life for quite some time. And, you know, the city manager told reporters earlier that in just, you know, less than 24 hours since the shooting happened, people have been pouring support into the families in terms of money, in terms of food, in terms of even bringing support dogs that might take their mind off the tragedy for a little bit. So already, he was saying, that the community is rising up in the wake of this terrible tragedy.

NPR's Bobby Allyn in Virginia Beach, thanks so much.

turn 0 : The behavior was unacceptable to what the people would accept.

turn 0 : The decision was not something that was given up by one side.

turn 0 : It is unclear exactly what the motive for the actions was.

turn 0 : They found out the information in an indirect way from people not involved.

turn 0 : The prosecutors collaborated with the supervisor to manipulate the system.


There are some states out there, for example Oregon and Maine, which currently don't have sales taxes throughout the year. Is there anything that you can potentially learn from states that have been doing this for a while?

What we are looking at are states that have had sales - state sales tax holidays. As you may know, there are 17 states plus the District of Columbia that currently have sales tax holidays during the year. And the experience of our retail members with those holidays is that they're very attractive to people. They really do bring people into the stores. It's an exciting time.

You can say, well gee, if the average state sales tax is five, six percent, why would that drive consumers to come into the stores more than a sale advertised at 15 or 20 percent. And it's an interesting psychological phenomenon, but it does seem to drive more traffic. It may be because people just don't like to pay taxes, and they're very excited when there's a period where they won't have to pay taxes to the government.

Rachelle Bernstein is with the National Retail Federation. Thank you, Rachelle.

turn 1 : very attractive to people in this context means that they like a policy a lot

turn 1 : it represents the person is very enthusiastic and interested to be engaged in doing it

turn 1 :  (4), the speaker is commenting on something that is described as "very pretty." The literal meaning of the turn is that the speaker finds the thing being referred to visually attractive. However, the implied meaning of the turn is unclear and could depend on the context of the conversation. The turn could be a sincere expression of admiration, or it could be a polite or perfunctory comment that does not reflect the speaker's true feelings. Alternatively, the turn could be sarcastic or ironic, indicating that the speaker does not actually find the thing being referred to as attractive as it may seem.

turn 1 : a fair look implies being favorable or positively minded about something

turn 1 : The literal meaning of the turn is asking why they want to cause violence, but the implied meaning is asking why they find violence appealing or attractive.


turn 2 : The economy is doing very poorly, and consumers are struggling to pay their debts and bills.

turn 2 : We are taking strict actions against irresponsible prescribers.

turn 2 : It is being implied that consumer behaviour is not obvious.

turn 2 : This statement implies that the situation is unpredictable and confusing for many people.

turn 2 : The backlash means that people are complaining about the situation.


Tell me a little bit about Riot Games. They're funding a lot of esports events.

Yeah.

What is their role in this?

They are creating a lot of the games. They've been out in front and doing a ton of deals. They did a deal with the Big Ten Network where they sponsor an esports tournament among Big Ten schools, and the winner of that tournament sort of gets a scholarship to one of the Big Ten schools. They're very heavily involved in sort of not only developing the games but also developing the business in total.

turn 3 : In (1), the speaker is saying that the potential for esports is huge because the typical viewers and players are young males who do not watch traditional television. The literal meaning is straightforward, but the implied meaning is that traditional forms of media are becoming less relevant to younger generations, which is an important factor in the growth potential of esports.

turn 3 : Task Don't just paraphase the words! Find the implicated meaning! We don't want answers like: to be silent means stay quiet and not making noise, bad answer!  Please read the examples above carefully!      (1)	B:	Tell me a little bit about Riot Games.They're funding a lot of esports events. (2)	A:	Yeah. (3)	B:	What is their role in this? (4)	A:	They are creating a lot of the games.They've been out in front and doing a ton of deals.They did a deal with the Big Ten Network where they sponsor an esports tournament among Big Ten schools, and the winner of that tournament sort of gets a scholarship to one of the Big Ten schools.They're very heavily involved in sort of not only developing the games but also developing the business in total.  Please choose the turns whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings.   (1)  (2)  (3)  (4)

turn 3 : The speaker is excited about the interest and attendance at the games

turn 3 : (2) is different from its literal meaning. While the speaker asks the listeners to bear with them, they are not actually asking for the listeners to tolerate or endure anything difficult or unpleasant. Instead, the speaker is acknowledging that not all listeners may be familiar with esports and is asking for patience as they explain what it is.


It's too late by then.

. . . but I think nobody has tried it with the pickled kind.

OK.  We got a minute left. Tell us about the weekly newspaper column. You talked about a recent one about the laws of stupidity. Quickly, do tell that to us, quickly.

Yeah, yeah. Well, this is something done by an Italian economist about 30 or 40 years ago. His name is Cipolla, and he wrote the little piece to be funny, but it's also quite true. He called it "The Basic Laws of Human Stupidity," and these laws boiled down to very few things. One is that there are more stupid people around than anybody will ever estimate accurately. And the other is that there's nothing you can do about them, other than become aware of it. They just are a fact and you better deal with the fact that they're not going to go away, and that there is no point to trying to accommodate them. There's no way you're going to prevent them continuing to be stupid.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using sarcasm or irony to convey a different meaning than what is being explicitly stated.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using a sarcastic or ironic tone to convey their true feelings or opinions about the situation, without explicitly stating them.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using humor or sarcasm to make a point or convey a message in a lighthearted way.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker's use of sarcasm or irony suggests that they hold a different opinion or belief than what they are expressing explicitly.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using a euphemism or understatement to convey a more significant or sensitive message.


It's been an exciting year for developments in space. Just earlier this week, SpaceX successfully landed a 15-story tall section of one of their rockets back on Earth. And joining me to discuss what's been going on off our planet during 2015 is NPR science correspondent Geoff Brumfiel. So explain exactly what happened that a part of the rocket returned.

In some sense, this was just another rocket launch for SpaceX. You know, they sent 11 communication satellites into orbit. What really makes this special is what happened to the big first stage of the rocket. Now, normally this would just fall back to Earth. But this time, SpaceX flipped it around and then flew it back to near the launch site and actually landed it. They fired the engines a second time and it sort of floated down onto the pad. It was pretty spectacular to watch.

The space pad looks big when you're looking at it on the Earth. But from space, it must be a tiny dot.

Yeah, I mean SpaceX describes it as trying to shoot a pencil over the Empire State Building, have it turn around and land in a shoebox vertically. That's how hard this is.

turn 0 : Congressman Lamar Smith believes that recent space events are a reminder to invest in space science.

turn 0 : Despite potential lack of interest, the Olympics are still a significant event.

turn 0 : Some successful scientists adopt unconventional approaches after achieving something significant.

turn 0 : "exceeded by a great amount." - actual meaning: the spacecrafts have surpassed their original mission goals and continued to function well beyond their expected lifetime.

turn 0 : The use of the word "exciting" suggests that the developments in space during 2015 were particularly noteworthy or significant.


turn 1 : Working on a space mission is a fulfilling experience

turn 1 : Mission accomplished doesn't necessarily mean that the mission was successful.

turn 1 : We appreciate the opportunities we get to perform

turn 1 : The successful landing of the rocket's first stage is a major achievement for SpaceX and represents a significant advancement in reusable rocket technology.

turn 1 : Josh Farahzad had a random idea about launching a rocket and reached out for help. A worked hard to lead the team.


turn 2 : The loop around the space station is a dangerous maneuver

turn 2 : The actual meaning is that near-Earth asteroids are easier to reach than the surface of the moon.

turn 2 : The size of the landing pad appears much smaller from space, highlighting the incredible precision required to land a rocket vertically.

turn 2 : The accuracy required to locate the plane is impressive.

turn 2 : "exceeded by a great amount." - actual meaning: the spacecrafts have surpassed their original mission goals and continued to function well beyond their expected lifetime.


turn 3 : In this turn, the speaker is using sarcasm and irony. The literal meaning suggests that the person being discussed sent impressive pictures of jet engines in a basement, which are flaming out. However, the actual meaning implies that the person's actions or pictures were not impressive or desirable.

turn 3 : The phrase "down the road" is a figurative expression meaning at some point in the future.

turn 3 : The literal meaning of turn (4) is that the speaker could have reached the summit of K2 but chose not to risk losing their fingers or a tip of a finger. However, the implied meaning is that the speaker prioritizes their physical well-being over the achievement of reaching the summit of K2. This suggests that the speaker is sensible and cautious when it comes to decision-making, even in high-risk situations.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using humor or sarcasm to make a point or convey a message in a lighthearted way.

turn 3 : (4) - "Shoot a pencil over the Empire State Building, have it turn around and land in a shoebox vertically" - This phrase is used to illustrate how difficult the task of landing a rocket is, as it would be almost impossible to do so in reality.


Fort Dietrich, Maryland. What did he do there?

Yeah. This is a very secure area which is set up to do research on some of the most dangerous pathogens that are known to man, actually. They have what's called a biosafety level-four containment facility, maybe you've seen pictures of these guys in moon suits, where they deal with these, you know, highly deadly agents.

Bruce Ivins worked there, and his principal role, at least as far as I can tell from looking through the papers he's published - now, this is a very secret place, so you don't get a lot of information out of them - but his role there seems to have been to work on vaccines to protect against anthrax. In particular, he was trying to make a vaccine that would be more robust, that it might help the immune system fight off exposure to anthrax. Of course, the military is very interested in this, because they're worried about anthrax as a bioweapon.

Do we know anything more about why he originally came under suspicion?

turn 1 : Fort Dietrich is a high-security area for dangerous pathogen research.

turn 1 : There are other pathogens that could be used as weapons besides Anthrax

turn 1 : Health care workers are at risk of getting infected.

turn 1 : The mortality rate of the disease is high and it has caused outbreaks in the past.

turn 1 : Taking warnings seriously and evacuating can help protect yourself and your family in a dangerous area.


But people in India really are angry. I have lived in this country in two different periods for about 15 years. I have never seen anything like this before. You see it in other countries, but you don't often see it in India, where people take to the streets and complain. They want change.

There hasn't been much change. All we've seen so far is the home secretary, the home minister, that's the head of the security services, I suppose, being changed, and nothing else has. The armed forces chief and other people are arguing and doing a blame game as to who's responsible, and people are getting angrier.

They want change in terms of attitudes and actions by the politicians and the bureaucrats. They want visible signs of the corruption, which impedes India's efficient government, to stop, and they also want signs that something is being done to stop further attacks.

Elections in India aren't too far off. Is this a signal that the current government might be in jeopardy?

turn 0 : The protests are still significant despite not being widespread

turn 0 : The protest has been peaceful despite potential for violence.

turn 0 : People have endured extreme conditions during Ramadan, but they are still protesting and refusing to back down

turn 0 : Being engaged in the political process is important for protesting against things you disagree with.

turn 0 : People in India are usually not the type to protest


turn 2 : The regime has been causing damage to the country and harming innocent people.

turn 2 : that the people don't want any more violence and want it to stop

turn 2 : The people want visible and effective action against corruption and terrorism.

turn 2 : The level of repression makes it hard for the country to function on all levels.

turn 2 : The people should obey their leaders or lose their jobs.


Well, CCH Pounder, great to talk to you.

Thank you.

CCH Pounder is an actor and gallery owner. Her space in Los Angeles is called the Pounder-Kone Art Space, and she joined me right here in the studios of NPR West in Culver City.

That's our show for today. Thank you for sharing your time with us. To listen to the show or subscribe to our podcast, visit our website nprnewsandnotes. org. To join the conversation or sign up for our newsletter, visit our blog at nprnewsandviews. org.

turn 2 : Suggesting that the other person should watch The Daily Show to see the speaker's appearance.

turn 2 : sharing your time with us implies listening to the show

turn 2 : your time is up means that they have to talk about something else before the program ends

turn 2 : Pleasure to speak to you. (This is a polite way of expressing appreciation for the invitation to speak on the show.)


Thank you.

Eduardo, the group of survivors quickly formed a community, sharing tasks, rotating sleeping positions so everyone would get a chance at a more comfortable spot in the wrecked plane. Can you talk a little bit about that?- those first few days.

Yeah. As you can imagine, it has been the most awful, terrible days of my life. It was awful and long nights. We have a very small space. We were 29 people at the first. And we have no warm clothes (ph), no water. We have to melt snow. It was very difficult because the weather was very cold. And the snow was all over the kerosene of the engines of the plane. We are surrounded with our friends, who died. And that first night was really impossible to describe.

Of course, the aspect of the story that has gained the most notoriety was the decision you all made that in order to survive, you would have to start eating your dead friends. And you didn't flinch from describing this in the book. Fairly early on, you say that hearing your cousin Adolfo say out loud what many were thinking - that you were going to have to eat the bodies - gave you a kind of relief. How so?

turn 1 : very enjoy am very nice feel very enjoy am very nice feel

turn 1 : MY CAT IS VERY VERY BEAUTIFUL BIRD AND VERY CALM

turn 1 : I don't like it so it sounds bad, or sounds ugly.

turn 1 : The alarm bells have quieted a bit - means things are not as hectic as they have been up until now


Give us some specifics on what African traditional medicine might incorporate into your practice.

At the heart of traditional African medicine is God and the ancestors, OK?So now, you have many Africans that want to take advantage of traditional medicine, but they don't want to acknowledge the roots. So the roots, as I'm saying, is understand your relationship with ancestors in terms of ancestors being a part of the community. The use of divination - on the surface, I mean, we've seen different things, maybe on TV or someone is throwing bones or caraway shells and then makes a pronouncement.

But divination is creating a space where you have objects that have a metaphorical representation with respect to elements of a person's life. Divination is something that takes training. And as of all cultures, of course, there's herbal medicine and understanding of diet. But the fundamental premise with African culture is linking everything back, with God and the ancestors being at the central core.

We did an interview with someone who is a spiritual leader in one of the many traditional African spiritual practices. And what you're talking about sounds, in many ways, more like spirituality than medicine. Do you see yourself practicing both, or how, I mean. . . ?

turn 1 : Despite medical advancement, limited treatment options force us to use outdated and toxic drugs.

turn 1 : As an African-American, I had to explore unconventional areas such as Chinese medicine, classical homeopathy, and African cultural arts, to gain a wider perspective in medicine.

turn 1 : Many things that were once considered archaic, or even dangerous, are still used in medicine today

turn 1 : Despite medical advancement, outdated and toxic drugs were used.

turn 1 : Many Africans want to use traditional medicine but ignore its roots


Money.

If you go to Moscow today - I'm not talking about the provinces and I'm not talking about provincial cities, but Moscow, the very center of Moscow - is in some ways Riyadh or a kind of oil-rich capital. That's what Russia is today in terms of its economy at the highest levels. The very high elites, which all congregate in downtown Moscow and have their country homes in - outside, have enormous amount of money. The highest concentration of billionaires in any city in the world is in Moscow of all places, and when I lived in Moscow, you could barely buy a potato or an onion or get a box of matches, and this is reflected in the most glamorous state-controlled theater of all, the Bolshoi.

Just to interrupt our conversation for a moment, we are seeing black smoke emerging from the Vatican, which means there was no pope selected in the most recent vote, so onto tomorrow. But in any case, on back to the Bolshoi Ballet.

And, David Remnick, as you look at the influence of all that money, one of the accomplishments of the Bolshoi, you say, is that it has managed to make itself ideologically independent.

turn 3 : The poet's work is inspired by various cultural influences and experiences.

turn 3 : People who can manage to stay passionate and motivated to bring about change, despite the length of time it takes.

turn 3 : The speaker identifies with various forms of art and culture, and has a deep appreciation for life and love.

turn 3 : The Bolshoi Ballet's independence is a notable achievement in a country where money and politics often influence the arts.

turn 3 : The speaker is asking about the tradition of political comedy in South Africa and whether there is a history of satirizing those in power. Implicated meaning: The speaker is curious about the role of comedy in South African politics and whether it has been used as a tool for dissent.


That's British Columbia, the northwest of Canada, right?

Yes. Absolutely, I'm sorry. So then another vehicle that they'd been driving was last seen on July 22. So the manhunt - they already had a few days on everybody. And they were last seen in this community in northern Manitoba. The police, the RCMP poured extensive resources, as you say, but they were not able to be located.

And some other reported sightings - there was a report that may be some men matching the description had been seen at this very isolated dump in a community way up north. Those have not been able to be substantiated. The latest tip is that they've been seen in an area called Kapuskasing in Ontario. But, again, that's still unsubstantiated at this time.

But probably each time a community is mentioned or something, I mean, people must freak out. It's pretty terrifying.

turn 0 : 1):  B: So you'll get Canadian players who've changed planes in Jamaica?  The literal meaning of this turn is that B is asking whether Canadian players who have changed planes in Jamaica will be recruited for the Jamaican national hockey team. However, the implied meaning is that B is skeptical about the feasibility of recruiting Canadian players who have only briefly passed through Jamaica, as opposed to those with stronger ties to the country.

turn 0 : People are concerned about immigration, not just interested.

turn 0 : The food in a region is influenced by its religion and proximity to other countries.

turn 0 : There is more than one British Columbia besides the one in Canada

turn 0 : Canada and Australia have ancient continental masses which you can look inside the interior.


My parents are actually still in Khartoum. We're lucky that they are among the few whose mobile phones still work. There's been a widespread outrage. It just sounds incredibly scary that the city is in a state of paralysis. Activist groups have called for a general strike, and people seem to be sticking to it. Roads are closed off.

And what makes this particularly terrifying is it's not even really the armed forces that people are clashing with. It's a specific paramilitary segment that was regularized as part of the armed forces but used to be an out-of-control militia in Darfur - the Janjaweed militias, the Rapid Support Forces. And that's what's scaring people is that this isn't even a regular force that's taken control of the town.

This means the military is fracturing?I mean, we should say all this happened after protesters demanded the ouster of President Omar al-Bashir. And military there is now in charge of Sudan, but what you are describing is that there is no cohesive military either. Right?

Absolutely. The military as a token is in charge. The head of the military council is a general. But the second in command is head of these forces, the Rapid Support Forces. And everyone I've spoken to on the ground says those are the people that are on the streets. All the videos that we've been sent by eyewitnesses, from the citizens show that it was Rapid Support Force guards that charged the sit-in. And it's incredibly chilling because this is a militia that was accused of war crimes in Darfur. And to have them control the ground in the capital of Sudan is very scary for people right now.

turn 1 : The tactics used were very dangerous and deadly to the protestors.

turn 1 : The paramilitary forces are in control and people are scared

turn 1 : People are not playing a game but taking part in a military conflict.

turn 1 : Military interventions often escalate beyond their original scope.

turn 1 : There is a risk of military conflict due to misunderstandings.


What issues do you think he's emphasizing that have helped?

Well, there's no question that I think the number-one issue is economic inequality, the growing gap between rich - and I'm not going to say poor - but the rich and everyone else. It is not a progressive agenda or a conservative agenda to say, we are dealing in this country now with a kind of inequality that threatens the foundations of our society, and that resonates across the political spectrum.

You know, you can't get through a political conversation these days without mentioning Mr.  Trump. And I bring his name up to you because, on Friday, he took out after hedge funds. He's actually been doing that recently. I have a quote. "The hedge fund guys - they make a fortune; they pay no tax. The hedge fund guys are getting away with murder. "He sounds a lot more like Bernie Sanders than he does the other Republicans.

Well, you know, Scott, I think that Bernie Sanders is having an effect also on the Republican Party. It's not lost on any of these candidates, you know, not Hillary Clinton and not Donald Trump.

Speaking as a citizen and from your experience and base of influence, do you think Hillary Clinton's use of a private email server while secretary of state - now under inquiry by the Justice Department and the FBI - is a legitimate campaign issue?

turn 2 : "Sanders only calls himself a Democrat when he's seeking to be the party nominee for president." - The literal meaning of this turn is that Sanders identifies as a Democrat only when he is running for the party's presidential nomination. The actual meaning is that the speaker is implying that Sanders is not a true Democrat.

turn 2 :  This turn actually means that the speaker is more concerned with the alternative (Hillary Clinton, Barack Obama, or Bernie Sanders) than with a "Never Trump" attitude, and that it is important for the country and party to come together despite any reservations about Trump.

turn 2 : A: "But the more that he does not disavow the things that they believe in and either tacitly or directly supports them, the better." - The implied meaning is that the speaker believes Donald Trump is indirectly supporting the alt-right movement by not publicly condemning their beliefs, and that this is beneficial for the movement.

turn 2 : "The phrase democratic socialist that Sanders uses a lot - that has quite a few fans, especially among younger voters, who seem to take this word socialist in stride." - The literal meaning of this turn is that Sanders' use of the term "democratic socialist" has garnered support among young voters who are not put off by the term "socialist." The actual meaning is that the speaker is noting a generational divide in how voters perceive the term "socialist."

turn 2 : "He sounds a lot more like Bernie Sanders than he does the other Republicans" - This turn uses the phrase "he sounds like Bernie Sanders" to mean that Trump's comments on hedge funds align with Sanders' views, which is different from its literal meaning of "the sound of Trump's voice resembles that of Bernie Sanders."


All right. Does this activity now go completely unregulated after Congress sort of blocked this legislation taking force?

So since the privacy rule has been blocked, as, you say, a few things have happened. The companies themselves the Internet service providers, have gone on a campaign. They're reassuring users that they do offer opt-outs. Now, they're not opt-ins, but they're opt-outs. And also they say that they do not and will not sell people's individual browsing history. They might use this history but - to tailor ads - but they do not sell it to third parties. One thing that the angry customers have prompted is interest from lawmakers in a bunch of states - to name a few, Massachusetts, Maryland, Minnesota, I randomly picked a bunch of M's - these lawmakers are tackling Internet privacy laws. They're debating them on a state level.

So we may see a change soon. All right. Alina Selyukh, she reports on technology for NPR. Thanks so much.

Thank you.

turn 1 : Literally, the turn means that activists were raising money to buy the browsing history and other data about lawmakers who repealed the rules, and that advertisers do not target individuals but rather a specific group.

turn 1 : The implied meaning of this turn is that people are worried that the reconstruction of historical sites, while intended to preserve them, may actually erase the original context and erase the history that was connected to them.

turn 1 : This implies that the speaker is proposing the need for a black search engine, even though there are other search engines available, and believes that it could be successful with proper marketing.

turn 1 : A: "They might use this history but - to tailor ads - but they do not sell it to third parties." In this turn, the literal meaning suggests that the companies use users' browsing history to customize advertisements. However, the implicated meaning is that the companies collect and utilize users' browsing history for targeted advertising purposes, although they claim not to sell it to third parties.


Yes, we have. We haven't canvassed all video game producers. There are a couple of companies that we've worked with in particular. We approach them, and in some cases they have approached us asking for advice. And in one case, we said, hey, would you like to incorporate this in your game?They thought it was a wonderful idea, so we sat down with them and explained some of the basic concerns and maybe some ways that they might want to approach it.

If video games reflect the fact that the rules of war are often flouted, doesn't just reflect what happens in life?

It may reflect what happens in life. At the same time, because they are flouted, we can't throw up our hands and say it's useless. You know, anything is allowable under war. We have to keep insisting on that and we have to keep pushing the notion that there are laws, even in war, and that they must be respected.

And, Mr.  Barrett, I'm sure there's some people listening who might find this very interesting but say but, you know, why doesn't the ICRC do more about Syria?

turn 3 :  (4) implies that the US is trying to reach a political solution to the conflict in Syria, but without a strategy to deal with Assad and the refugee crisis.

turn 3 : The literal meaning of this turn is that the ICRC should do more about Syria, but the implied meaning is that some people might find this conversation interesting, but they may ask why the ICRC is not doing more to help with the situation in Syria.

turn 3 : Although the literal meaning of this turn is simply asking for a description of the current situation, the implied meaning behind it is that the speaker is expressing frustration or confusion about the conflicting messages they have heard from President Trump regarding the removal or retention of U.S. forces in Syria. It could be interpreted as a way of questioning the credibility of the information that has been provided so far and seeking clarification or a more definitive answer.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: Is there any indication of what will happen next in the conflict?

turn 3 : In (4), the speaker is implying that the U.S. is not necessarily looking forward to the fall of Assad, but rather is trying to prepare for it.


Well, not necessarily the DNA. But the DNA is decorated with. . .

Right.

. . . chemical tags. And these are methyl groups, or carbon groups that can be added, or they can disappear to the DNA. And this modifies the way other proteins can interact with the DNA and transmit signals to lead the changes in protein production.

Which is - and which is how your muscles grow if you're exercising.

turn 3 : The implied meaning of turn (1) is that engaging in strenuous exercise leads to changes in DNA that enable the production of specific proteins necessary for muscle growth and metabolism. It implies that the process of muscle growth involves more than just physical strain.

turn 3 : The literal meaning of this turn is that exercising leads to muscle growth. The actual meaning is that the modification of DNA through the addition or removal of methyl groups is one mechanism through which gene expression changes, leading to physiological changes such as muscle growth in response to exercise.

turn 3 : In both of these turns, the implied meaning goes beyond the literal words used. The speaker is not simply asking about the reasons behind the human need to look at themselves or stating that it is innate and related to genetics. The implied meaning suggests a deeper exploration of human psychology and the significance of self-reflection as a part of our daily

turn 3 : Implied meaning: DNA may not be suitable for carrying out everyday tasks due to its slow processing speed.


Companies like Morgan Stanley, UBS, GE Financial, American Express all plan to use this new facility, and industrial companies will probably follow suit. Now, usually, this is not a market that the government has had any role in, at least as a direct lender. It used to be that these IOU's were bought by financial institutions, money market, mutual funds, and the like. The loans weren't too sexy, they weren't very risky, and the interest rate wasn't anything to write home about.

But all that changed after the collapse of Lehman Brothers. Holders of commercial paper started worrying that these corporate IOU's weren't so safe, so they stopped buying them. And then perfectly healthy businesses have been since finding it difficult and expensive to get hold of cash. So now, the Fed will become the lender of last resort yet again and try to jump start lending by others.

And then so - and loosen the credit, the credit crunch. And so, is this move - will it be more promising than all the others we've seen so far to try to loosen credit?

You know, in short, the answer is yes, with the caveat of probably. Every economist I've talked to or seen quoted today thinks this is a pretty safe move by the Fed. The government simply has to get financial institutions back to lending money more than a day at a time.

turn 1 : The decision to let Lehman Brothers fail was a key factor in the credit market freeze

turn 1 : The collapse of Lehman Brothers caused chaos and accelerated the failure of the financial system.

turn 1 : Commercial paper holders stopped buying IOU's due to safety concerns after Lehman Brothers' collapse

turn 1 : Lehman's financial troubles are affecting consumers through higher interest rates.


turn 2 : More promising implies very beneficial and advantageous

turn 2 : turn is to challenge the idea that the proposal was a great idea in the first place.

turn 2 : Getting rich may not lead to a good life.

turn 2 : Being good at something is not enough for success.

turn 2 :  The actual meaning of this turn is that professional athletes should take advantage of the opportunities they have and make the most of them, because they may not get the same opportunity again.


The government said the first round of elections didn't produce a majority. That meant a runoff, but since the runoff plan was announced, locals have died or been beaten in election-related violence. International reporters and diplomats have been detained or expelled, food aid for malnourished people has reportedly been confiscated by the government, and Tsvangirai has faced threats and government detention during his campaigning. In fact, Tsvangirai was just released hours ago from yet another detention. We spoke with the Zimbabwean opposition leader Morgan Tsvangirai, shortly before his latest detention. He shared his perspective on the election, and told us about the work he is doing with the American-based media outlet MTVU.

You have stood for election, seen that the government says that you did not win a majority, been detained, waited for a runoff. What was the moment when you most despaired during this process of the election and the post-election?

I think the most despairing moment was the waiting for the results, when we knew that we had won the election, and that the Zimbabwe Electoral Commission was not announcing the result. I think it was the worst moment, of waiting.

How do you think the MDC supporters are doing right now?Have people - there have been widespread beatings, detentions. Do you think that people are still willing whenever the runoff actually happens, to go out and vote?Or are some people going to be too afraid?

turn 0 : If the violence doesn't stop, the election won't be fair

turn 0 : Russians have interfered in the elections and are doing it again.

turn 0 : The crowd was very excited and enthusiastic about the election results.

turn 0 : The behavior was unacceptable to what the people would accept.

turn 0 : The government rigged the election and caused violence.


What would you say to those people who might say - look, if people are in this country illegally it's the job of ICE to detain them?

Well, there's a couple of things. Number one, ICE does have that responsibility. But motels have a responsibility, too. And that responsibility is that you have to live, number one, by your privacy promises. Motel 6 has a privacy statement. It says we're going to guard your private information. They did not do that here. You cannot do that under our consumer protection laws. And so, that's number one.

Number two, they turned over everybody who was staying at the motel. People stay at motels for all sorts of very private reasons. You could be the victim of domestic abuse fleeing your abuser. Do you want your information turned over to anybody who just happens to walk into that hotel?It's not right. Frankly, it pisses me off, and I'm not going to put up with it.

We of course contacted Motel 6, and they said that in September of last year, they issued a nationwide directive that made it clear that their motels should not voluntarily provide guest lists to ICE. What do you say?

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be expressing their dissatisfaction or disappointment in a subtle or indirect way, rather than stating it directly.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker might be implying a hidden agenda or ulterior motive behind their words, actions, or decisions, without making it explicit.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be hinting at a deeper meaning or intention behind their words or actions, which requires further investigation or understanding to fully grasp.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker is making a subtle suggestion or insinuation that others may pick up on, but without being too direct or forceful.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker is expressing a sense of frustration or dissatisfaction with a situation or person, without explicitly stating it.


What are we looking at in terms of how quickly they can start working again?

It will depend on the crop. For example, the coffee growers - the arabica bean coffee was being harvested right now. So they're working hard to collect from the ground whatever's left so they can sell it in the market. So we're giving them working capital to be able to pay their payroll, and then we'll start planning for next year's harvesting because it's a one-year crop. On the other end, some of the papaya plantations - growers, they also have bananas and plantains. They have younger trees. So if they cut down the banana trees, in eight, nine months they'll be able to get on their feet.

What does this mean for Puerto Ricans and their access to food?

It means (laughter) that we need to rethink our whole food distribution and supply chain. We're highly dependent in imports. We import 85 percent of our food. And this actually gives us an opportunity to rethink that business model and say, hey, we need to produce more here. We need to have fresh produce, etc. , so that we can have enough supplies inland in case this happens again.

turn 3 : Puerto Rico needs to become less dependent on food imports

turn 3 : The lack of power is a major issue in Puerto Rico after the hurricane.

turn 3 : The President's remarks suggested that he was not taking Puerto Rico's plight as seriously as he did other disaster areas.

turn 3 : The World Food Programme has to decide who is not going to get food due to the lack of resources, and those who are most in need often have to go without.


So you say that some of his actions have been uncharacteristically un-Trumpian and that they're reminiscent of Obama. But what is Trumpian is that he's been conducting Syria policy over Twitter.

That's right, and he previewed the strikes. He said they were coming fast and smart. The missiles were coming. He then backtracked and said, maybe I haven't decided on a strike. And then, he tweeted something that really got everyone's attention. He said mission accomplished, which are two words that. . .

Very infamous words. . .

. . . George W.  Bush famously used. And he used them the last time we were involved in a Middle East conflict, declared it accomplished. And it turns out it wasn't.

turn 1 : Working on a space mission is a fulfilling experience

turn 1 : A is confident about the success of the mission and reassures B

turn 1 : Mission accomplished doesn't necessarily mean that the mission was successful.

turn 1 : There is no clear process for who has accountability and makes decisions. The mission was outside of the office instead of being conducted via phone or internet.

turn 1 : Implies that the event was of great significance


A lawsuit was filed this week in federal court on behalf of a man who moved from Puerto Rico to Southeast Georgia in 2017. He applied for a driver's license after waiting at the required 30 days. The man, Kenneth Caban Gonzalez, says that an inspector from the Georgia Department of Driver Services confiscated his documents and asked him a number of trivia questions such as, who is Roberto Clemente, and what is the name of the frog native only to Puerto Rico?He alleges he also asked trick questions such as, where is Caguas beach?There is no beach in Caguas.

The lawsuit accuses the state of violating the Civil Rights Act by holding residents of Puerto Rico to more stringent requirements than it does transplants from other U. S.  states. The advocacy group Latino Justice is litigating the case along with the Southern Center for Human Rights. And with us now is Gerry Weber. He's a senior attorney at the Southern Center.

Welcome. Thanks so much for joining us.

Thank you for having me.

turn 0 : The 43-question test is discriminatory and reminiscent of Jim Crow laws

turn 0 : The president was showing a lack of seriousness for the Puerto Rican crisis.

turn 0 : The president may not have been as sympathetic to Puerto Rico's situation as he was to Texas and Florida.

turn 0 : The trivia questions asked by the inspector were discriminatory towards Puerto Ricans.

turn 0 : A person wants to identify as cool, American black instead of African-American despite not being from Africa.


Welcome. Thanks so much for joining us.

Thank you for having me.

turn 1 : The president may not have been as sympathetic to Puerto Rico's situation as he was to Texas and Florida.

turn 1 : The speaker is implying that the people of Puerto Rico feel forgotten and neglected by the Trump administration.

turn 1 : The lack of power is a major issue in Puerto Rico after the hurricane.

turn 1 : The state of Georgia has unequal requirements for residents of Puerto Rico.


Well, I certainly hope not. I mean, I think the Thanksgiving holiday certainly adds something to our lives. But that being said, the folks who were in the lines at the front of the lines had been there since noon in order to get those $200 flat-screen TVs and such.

Let me ask about the big online sales that people now call Cyber Monday. How have they changed the strategies of actual stores?

Well, we know that retailers that have an online presence actually get a lot more loyalty out of their customers. And so Wal-Mart, Target, Nordstrom, among others, are allowing you to buy online and actually even pick it up in-store.

Now, the advantage to the retailer for buying online but picking it up in-store is to get people into the tents, so that they might see something else?

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is hinting at something they want or need, but they don't want to ask for it directly.

turn 3 :  (4) implies that retailers want customers to pick up their items in-store so that they can be enticed to purchase other items while they are there.

turn 3 : The person found a lot of people not shopping and instead watching how much they spend on things in order to save money.

turn 3 : They are implying that deals are done in inappropriate places

turn 3 : to not know whats in store means that you don't know what will happen


The Negro National League's last innings came in 1940s, after Jackie Robinson headed for the big leagues. Kadir Nelson's new book, "We Are the Ship" captures black-American baseball at the top of its game. Kadir is an award-winning children's book illustrator. He's collaborated with Will Smith, Spike Lee and Debbie Allen. For "We Are the Ship," he did all of the writing and all of the artwork, and his rich, detailed paintings show Negro-league superstars as if they're posing for the camera or deep in a game of hard ball.

Kadir Nelson joins me now. How are you?

I'm great. Thanks for having me.

So you have done playful children's books. You've illustrated books for young people about historic figures. Tell me about Buck O'Neil.

turn 1 : joins me now implies to be a part of program or activity and not referring to get attached together

turn 1 : joining us implies being part of a program or activity and not referring to mixing or attaching people together


Kadir Nelson joins me now. How are you?

I'm great. Thanks for having me.

turn 3 : This turn does not have an implied meaning different from its literal meaning. It is a straightforward expression of gratitude towards Laura Sydell, the NPR correspondent.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is subtly trying to convey a sense of urgency or importance in the matter being discussed, without explicitly stating it.

turn 3 :  "Tell me about Buck O'Neil" - this turn is a request for information about Buck O'Neil rather than literally asking the speaker to narrate or explain something to the listener.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be hinting at a desire or need for help or support from the listener.

turn 3 : The literal meaning is that the listener doubts that they would tire of hearing from the speaker. The actual meaning is that the listener is being polite and respectful towards the speaker.


It's my pleasure, Scott. Thank you for having me.

Is the ACLU a fig leaf for Nazis?

No, sir. We are the premier defenders of freedom of speech and racial justice and the rights of all people in the U. S.  For almost a hundred years, our mission has been to defend the rights of everyone, even people we hate. And ultimately, this is about making sure the government never has the authority or the ability to censor speech because it finds it loathsome or disgusting. There are ways for government to regulate speech. It's got to be neutral. There are time, place, manner restrictions that are perfectly appropriate and legitimate. And yet, it can never be because we don't like what folks say.

What about when the marchers are armed, though?Doesn't that make a difference to public safety?

turn 1 : And as women become more politically active, they become more politically attuned - they are seeing these things, and they are realizing that they need to be represented in Congress to have full power and full equality in this society."  In these turns, the speakers are implying that there is a need for increased representation of women in Congress in order to achieve gender equality and address the underrepresentation of women in positions of power. The literal meanings of the statements may focus on the numbers or demographics, but the implied meaning goes beyond that to highlight the importance of equal representation and the pursuit of gender equality.

turn 1 : (2). The literal meaning of (2) is that a record number of women were elected to the Senate and House in 1992, and there has been a gradual increase since then. However, the implied meaning is that there is still a significant underrepresentation of women in Congress, and more needs to be done to achieve full equality and representation.

turn 1 : Congress is not doing its job and is passing their responsibilities to the president who then abuses his power

turn 1 : The prevalence of sexual harassment allegations could lead to substantial change in the composition of Congress and the Senate over the next two election cycles.

turn 1 : Feinstein didn't bring up the sexual assault allegations during the confirmation hearings, possibly to use it as a stalling tactic.


Is the ACLU a fig leaf for Nazis?

turn 3 : implies a contrast between the two parties and the different ways that they conduct their caucuses.

turn 3 : Congressional Republicans won't pass the bill unless the President makes sure they will not be hurt politically.

turn 3 : The composition of Congress and Senate may undergo substantial changes over the next two election cycles as more and more sexual harassment allegations continue to surface against longstanding members of Congress.

turn 3 : Implies that the speaker would like to see further reforms beyond what is suggested by Speaker Ryan.

turn 3 : The Legislature wants to get the governor out of office before dealing with a huge budget deficit and the dysfunctional relationship between them.


So, you know, is this going to be a situation where states line up basically to sue this lender, and what difference would that make in how this is unfolding?

I think it's going to play out in a number of a ways. Countrywide is - obviously they were the largest non-bank mortgage lender in the country. They were - just sold a few weeks ago to Bank of America for what amount - to pennies on a dollar but many many. Countrywide is by far - was by far the largest player in the subprime crisis in terms of a single mortgage lender. But they weren't the only one. The thing is that Countrywide has become a symbol for how bad this gotten many communities.

And I think if you see a challenge like the one here in Ohio or the one here in Florida proceed with favorable results, you will probably see many other states - especially those where minorities or women or the working class, working poor were hit hard by subprime mortgages - are going to start lining up, and attorneys general are going to be filing suit against Countrywide and many other countries like - companies like Countrywide.

Well, Keith, thanks again.

turn 2 : Many people are losing their jobs and companies are going bankrupt.

turn 2 : The companies were not grabbing turf but claiming things as their own.

turn 2 : suggests that other states will start to take legal action against Countrywide and other similar companies

turn 2 : (3) Implied meaning: Do states have to make a difficult decision on how to use the limited funds?

turn 2 : The state is willing to provide a financial incentive to Carrier despite knowing that some jobs will still be leaving for Mexico.


Housing is just one part of the economy in dire need of help. There's also the banks. Last week, the Treasury Department unveiled its approach to help troubled banks, and Wall Street didn't take so kindly to that plan. Joining us now to discuss what's ahead for the nation's banks is Nobel Prized-winning economist and Columbia University Professor Joseph Stiglitz. Welcome back to the program, and if you could start off by reminding us what this plan entails and what your thoughts are about it.

Well, part of the reason the market reacted so badly was it wasn't sure what it entailed. There were so many gaps that no one is very sure. When aspect of that was that they were going to use private hedge funds and others to buy off the assets from the banks. So they're going to lend money with a (unintelligible), lend money, presumably, to the hedge funds to buy the bad assets off the banks, but the hedge funds won't do this unless there are some reduction in risk, which means the taxpayers are going to wind up paying doubly.

One, you have to compensate the hedge funds for their money and for the risk, and then we wind up bearing the majority of the risk in any case.

And you basically called this a zero sum game?

turn 1 : It implies that hedge funds is not for those that are poor.

turn 1 : the taxpayers are going to wind up paying doubly implies that the money given to the hedge funds to buy the bad assets wouldn't happen unless a reduction in risk occurred which is the taxpayers providing the funding through extra taxes.

turn 1 : The oversight of the bailout money may not be as strong as it is intended to be.

turn 1 : The bailout could have potential negative consequences for the average taxpayer

turn 1 : The Treasury is struggling to minimize conflicts of interests in their program.


No, physically, we're - really pretty pathetic. Offhand, I cannot think of an animal which, if your size, let's say 150 pounds, that could not absolutely obliterate you in hand-to-hand or tooth-to-incisor combat. And our dominance in the world is all thanks to this trick of coming up with these codes that enable us to remember what happened yesterday or years ago. And it has a permanence that has a tremendous advantage (laughter). It has nothing to do with the theory of evolution.

Yeah. But you say that speech bedeviled Darwin as a matter of fact.

It did. He could not figure out what it was. He assumed because of his theory that everything evolved from animals, and he didn't even include it in his theory language until he decided that it came from our imitation of the cries of birds. And I think it's misleading to say that human beings evolved from animals. I mean, actually nobody knows whether they did or not. And there are very few physical signs, except for the general resemblance between apes and humans. The big evolution, if you want to call it that, is that this one species, Homo sapiens, came up with this ingenious trick, which is language.

Are you concerned, Mr.  Wolfe, or are you resolutely not concerned that people who don't believe in evolution for religious reasons, not scientific ones, are going to begin to cite your work as some kind of scientific proof?

turn 1 : The turn (3) by speaker B is an example of a statement whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning.  In this turn, speaker B uses a metaphor of a bucket of rice to explain the concept of DNA analysis and how it can be used to identify the origin of a sample. The actual meaning of the turn is that DNA analysis can reveal subtle differences in the genetic makeup of individuals, which can be used to identify their origin or other characteristics. However, the literal meaning of the turn is about a bucket of rice and the difficulty of identifying a few brown grains of rice in a sea of white grains.

turn 1 : In turn (2), the actual meaning is that speech was a difficult problem for Darwin to explain and understand, rather than speech causing trouble or vexation for Darwin, as the word "bedeviled" might suggest.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using metaphors or analogies to convey a complex idea or emotion in a more relatable or understandable way.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be conveying a hidden message or agenda that requires further exploration or analysis to fully understand.


turn 2 : Literally, this turn is a short response to A's previous statement about the time-lapse videos of human development. However, the implied meaning is that B understands and acknowledges A's previous statement about the videos featuring embryos, and is simply reiterating that fact.

turn 2 : There are no turns in the given conversation that have a meaning different from their literal meanings. All the turns convey their literal meanings without any implied or figurative language.

turn 2 : The implied meaning of this turn is that it is not possible to pass down acquired traits to offspring.

turn 2 : In turn (3), the actual meaning is that humans did not physically evolve from apes, but rather evolved through the development of language, which is a unique trait of the Homo sapiens species. The word "evolved" here does not refer to physical evolution, but rather to the emergence and development of language as a tool.


What are some of the challenges for businesses in addition to your own, as you see it?

Well, first off, it's one thing to put the law in place. But then how do you actually track hours?And when is a person working?If I send an email to one of my employees in the evening or just give them a call to talk about something, now they have to clock in and clock out.

Or if they go to, you know, a trade show, when are they technically working?- versus, when are they not working?There's lots of challenges faced by practically every business out there to some degree.

Now that a judge has halted these rules, do you change yours?What are you going to do?

turn 3 : (4) - "Carter Page and Hope Hicks, according to reports, are going to be questioned" - This implies that they will be called to testify in front of a grand jury or similar proceeding, rather than just being asked questions in an informal setting.

turn 3 : not a literal meaning but rather a rhetorical question.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is suggesting that they are uncertain about the future outcome of a situation, and are not making any definitive statements or commitments. The tone and context of the statement could suggest that the speaker is being cautious, non-committal, or may be waiting for more information before making a decision.

turn 3 : The actual meaning of the turn in (3) is that if the Senate only performs a ritual of asking hard questions without any intention to actually vet the judges, then declining to do that ritual is an important signal.

turn 3 : "What are you going to do?" does not literally mean "What are you going to do?" but rather "What are you going to do in response to the judge's decision?"


So along the way, you met a lot of interesting characters. And I want to particularly talk about a sommelier named Morgan Harris. He plays a big role. He's kind of like your wine shepherd. Tell us a little bit about him.

Ah, my wine fairy godmother. I mean, he's just amazing. He was my - he was really my mentor. He had this magnetic passion for wine. I mean, the first time I met him, I basically sat through a 2. 5-hour monologue that was an ode to everything from the great Rieslings of the early 20th century to the $1,200 bottle of champagne he thought would be a religious experience.

So this is a question - because he is this sort of wine evangelist if you will, he believes wines can recontextualize people's places in the universe. First of all, what does that mean?

And second of all - I mean, do you think that wine really has the power that he says it does?

turn 1 : Implicated meaning: The descriptions used in the wine tasting group were incredibly imaginative and evocative, to the point where they seemed like mystical incantations or enchantments found in a Wiccan book of love spells. It implies that the language used to describe the flavors and aromas of wine can be poetic, enchanting, and highly creative, going beyond literal descriptions.

turn 1 : "Ah, my wine fairy godmother." Here, the speaker is using the metaphorical term "wine fairy godmother" to describe Morgan Harris's significant influence and guidance in the speaker's journey with wine. The literal meaning of "fairy godmother" is a mythical character who grants wishes and provides guidance and support.

turn 1 : "There were times where I was sitting in a tasting group and I thought that I was hearing someone read from a Wiccan book of love spells." This turn implies that the person was hearing very unusual and creative descriptions of wine tasting notes that sounded like they came from a mystical or supernatural source, rather than a straightforward and literal description of the wine.

turn 1 : "it's quite clear that it is a cherry-picked narrative.But reading it makes you wonder if that's an insult to cherries." Implicated meaning: The speaker thinks that the narrative is biased and selectively chosen. They express their criticism in a humorous way, by questioning if even cherries would be offended by being associated with the narrative.


turn 2 : Implicated meaning: The descriptions used in the wine tasting group were incredibly imaginative and evocative, to the point where they seemed like mystical incantations or enchantments found in a Wiccan book of love spells. It implies that the language used to describe the flavors and aromas of wine can be poetic, enchanting, and highly creative, going beyond literal descriptions.

turn 2 : "he believes wines can recontextualize people's places in the universe." Here, the speaker is using the metaphorical phrase "recontextualize people's places in the universe" to describe the transformative power of wine to change people's perceptions, experiences, and understanding of the world. The literal meaning of "recontextualize people's places in the universe" would be related to astronomy or physics, and not to the sensory experience of wine.

turn 2 :  where the speaker uses words that are not typically associated with wine tasting, such as "burnt hair," "desiccated strawberry," and "armpit," to describe the taste of wine. The implied meaning is that sommeliers use highly imaginative and unconventional ways to describe the taste of wine, which may not be easily understandable to the average person.

turn 2 : the statement by A about a good glass of wine being a way to travel through time and place without leaving your seat is a metaphorical expression. It suggests that drinking a good glass of wine can provide a sensory experience that evokes different sensations and transports you to different contexts, even though you are physically still in your seat.


turn 3 : Implicated meaning: The descriptions used in the wine tasting group were incredibly imaginative and evocative, to the point where they seemed like mystical incantations or enchantments found in a Wiccan book of love spells. It implies that the language used to describe the flavors and aromas of wine can be poetic, enchanting, and highly creative, going beyond literal descriptions.

turn 3 : "do you think that wine really has the power that he says it does?" Here, the speaker is using the figurative expression "the power that he says it does" to refer to the transformative and meaningful impact of wine that Morgan Harris believes in. The literal meaning of "the power that he says it does" would be related to a concrete or tangible capability or function of something.

turn 3 :  (4) is an expression of surprise. The implied meaning is an expression of admiration.

turn 3 : The literal meaning of (3) is a simple expression of agreement, while the implied meaning is that the speaker is amazed by the story of Steve Dalkowski's feats.


An investigation by the U. S.  Park Police and the FBI found that Mr.  Foster committed suicide. We turn now to Joe Klein. He's a political columnist for Time magazine and, of course, author of "Primary Colors," the 1996 bestseller that featured a charming, philandering rogue of a southern governor and his proud, smart and oft humiliated wife - wonder what inspired that. Is Bill Clinton's personal history a legitimate campaign issue?

No, I don't think so. I mean, we've been through this time and time and time and time again. And there's so many legitimate campaign issues out there. I think that it's kind of a way for Donald Trump to steal a new cycle, as they say these days. I do think that there's an interesting debate going on within the Democratic Party about Bill Clinton's substance of record in the '90s. But that's a different thing.

Tactically, do you see it as a wise campaign issue on Trump's part?

I think people are going to get tired of it. You know, this sort of stuff worked in the Republican primaries. I think that people are entertained by his antics. It remains to be seen whether people are going to vote on him. I mean, you have to understand that we've never seen a candidate like Donald Trump before.

turn 0 : Republicans in Congress are not doing enough to hold Donald Trump accountable for his actions and words

turn 0 : The Clinton presidency had a scandal similar to the current one

turn 0 : The president is trying to prioritize the needs of those who have been forgotten by society.

turn 0 : This statement implies that George W. Bush is not as relevant in American politics as he used to be.

turn 0 : Donald Trump is using Bill Clinton's personal history as a distraction from legitimate campaign issues


turn 1 : Donald Trump's use of Bill Clinton's personal history to distract from legitimate campaign issues is not an effective strategy

turn 1 : The Clinton presidency had a scandal similar to the current one

turn 1 : The President has been using flashy events and rallies to maintain the spotlight on himself and his presidency

turn 1 : Implies that Bill Clinton is both a valuable asset and a potential liability to the campaign.

turn 1 : Implies that Bill Clinton should have known better than to take such an action.