And just before he died, he recorded what would be his biggest song.

Then comes April of 1968 in Memphis. The sanitation workers are on strike. That brought Martin Luther King, Jr.  to town to speak and to show support, and that was when he was murdered at the Lorraine Motel. It hit people at Stax especially hard.

Yes, because the Lorraine, they had a swimming pool and they had a restaurant that would serve an integrated table, and all the Stax visiting artists would stay at the Lorraine. That was their hangout. So, this horrible event at their second home not far from their own building, it was devastating, just absolutely devastating. Isaac Hayes told me he couldn't write for a year.

I want to talk about a song recorded by the Staple Singers that spoke to the issue of black empowerment.

You consider it one of the most important songs the label ever produced - "Respect Yourself. "

It's a great, catchy pop song with a really deep message - Mavis Staples singing lead and Pops' guitar sound. It sounds like an organ.

turn 2 : The disaster was so immense and overwhelming that it was hard to comprehend.

turn 2 : (3) - "It was devastating, just absolutely devastating." suggests that the event caused immense emotional distress, rather than physical destruction.

turn 2 : The disaster was so severe that it was impossible to save everyone, and the situation was out of control.

turn 2 : "the closer I got, the more damage there was" - the speaker is not referring to physical damage to themselves, but rather to the increasing destruction they observed as they approached the site of the bombing.


turn 5 : (6) - "It sounds like an organ." implies that the guitar sound in the song resembles the sound of an organ, rather than actually being an organ.

turn 5 : the phrase "sounded like an angel" does not literally mean that the speaker's voice sounded like a divine being, but rather that their grandmother thought they had a beautiful singing voice

turn 5 : The speaker feels the need to perform music to feel complete.

turn 5 : Having it to compared music as poetry and music has the heartstrings of everyone listening to the melodies of the instrument and words.


(Rapping) Now I don't care what they say about me Because rules were meant to be broken. That's why the world can't forget about me Because rules were meant to be broken.

The lyrics on his new album say don't change, but rapper Lyrics Born has kept his game on the move. He's done mix tape-style compilations and released his own albums and singles. Now the Bay Area stalwart's got a new album called "Everywhere At Once" and it brings elements of funk and R&B into the mix. Lyrics Born, thanks for coming on.

Thank you very much.

So I understand you really launched into music when you were at the University of California, Davis. So when was that and who were you and what was it like?

turn 0 : Breaking rules is necessary to be remembered and successful.

turn 0 : It's important to take risks and learn from failure.

turn 0 : The bottom line means the most important fact of the situation.

turn 0 : It is better to be transparent about the negative aspects.

turn 0 : you imply that something is the case


Well, this administration - officials from this administration have offered very strongly worded commitments to implement - reimplement - sanctions lifted under the Iran nuclear accord and add on more sanctions on non-nuclear areas pursuant to their concerns about ballistic missiles and terrorism.

Would the effect of unilateral sanctions, as you see it, be enough to force Tehran to decide, no, we want to stay in the agreement and maybe even make one that the U. S.  will accept?

Well, that depends on how other countries respond to the U. S.  imposition and reimposition of these nuclear sanctions. Will the international community join the United States?Will they stand back and not directly challenge the United States?I think what Tehran will respond to most is what the Europeans in particular do to challenge the United States and its reimposition of sanctions or not.

And based on your experience, Ms.  Rosenberg, how much do France and the U. K.  and Germany want to be different than U. S.  policy in this regard?

turn 1 : This implies that Iran has found ways to evade or circumvent the sanctions, despite their severity.

turn 1 : Unilateral sanctions might force Tehran to reconsider their decision to stay in the agreement

turn 1 : Iran would be willing to negotiate if some of the sanctions were removed.

turn 1 : The United States' policy of isolating Iran will not bring Iran back to the negotiating table by just piling on pressure until Iran collapses.

turn 1 : If the Trump administration offers to remove some of the sanctions on Iran, Iran would be willing to negotiate.


And so - like, for instance, sly, when a person is sly like a fox. There's a Scottish word called slicket(ph), which I love, you know. It's sleek, oily. Slicket - I couldn't vote for him. He's got slicket eyes.

That's nice.

You know, and so I refuse to change it. But I'd rather explain it to you than change it, you know. And Scotland has such lovely words, too, like a turkey, for instance, it's a bubbly jock.

Bubbly jock?I've not heard that.

turn 0 : The wonkiness of smart candidates is not popular with voters.

turn 0 : What people think of him has lessened due to the situation.

turn 0 : Everyone is talking about something that no one can deny as everyone sees it. It might not upset people who like Bernie Sanders and make them want to vote for someone else.

turn 0 : The reason why he couldn't vote for him couldn't be because he got a slicket eyes

turn 0 : it is a metaphorical field, it just means there are not as many candidates running for the election as there was in the past because some decided not to continue running


I'm sorry. Yeah.

So what to do?

OK. There are a couple of solutions. I would first offer the Solomonic solution - take them both out. Or perhaps you would want to put the girl in back of the bull or standing alongside the bull. In fact, Herman Melville's "Moby Dick" begins in the first paragraph with Ishmael wandering down right on this corner, having his nose lead him to water. I'd rather have a sculpture of Melville there. I think the point is most public sculpture is bad because there are too many people involved with making the decision. It's too democratized because of, necessarily, where it goes.

Jerry Saltz is senior art critic for New York Magazine. Thank you very much.

turn 0 : In context, "Yeah" is used as a way to show agreement and understanding. Its implied meaning is that the speaker is in agreement with the idea being presented by the other person.

turn 0 : I'm sorry.Yeah." Implicated Meaning: The speaker is not genuinely sorry or apologetic, but rather dismissive or sarcastic. The use of "yeah" indicates a lack of sincerity.

turn 0 : In this context, "Yeah. Yeah." is not meant to indicate agreement or affirmation, but rather a sign of impatience or boredom, suggesting that B is not particularly interested in the conversation or does not want to continue discussing the topic.

turn 0 : The turn "Yeah" in this context implies agreement with the previous statement, understanding, and interest in the topic, which is different from its literal meaning.


Flora, continue with the. . .

Well, yes. So there are two things going on here. One is there's a bone difference between owls and humans. And this is already known. Owls have the double the number of vertebrae in their necks than we do. They have 14 and we have seven, and more segments gives them more flexibility.

Right.

You imagine, like. . .

turn 2 : to give them more flexibility in this context means they are allowed to do more things

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker might be implying a hidden agenda or ulterior motive behind their words, actions, or decisions, without making it explicit.

turn 2 :  The actual meaning of this turn is that professional athletes should take advantage of the opportunities they have and make the most of them, because they may not get the same opportunity again.

turn 2 : It is easier to do something when there are no obstacles (guards) around.

turn 2 : what they meant is that it's going to impress their brains later


You note when Turkey failed to prosecute this man and then your office did prosecute this man that you became a kind of social media hero in Turkey. You got a huge following. Apparently. . .

Yeah. Completely undeserved. As I said, other people had done the work. But I became a symbol. And I say, look, the prosecutors are not saviors. They can't solve everything. It takes an involvement from a lot of other people. It just happens to be the case that it's very easy to put, you know, their hopes and hatreds both, sometimes, in the figure of a prosecutor.

Are people putting too much faith in Robert Mueller?

People should have a lot of faith in Robert Mueller. I have a ton of faith in Robert Mueller. I think, you know, he is not a deity and he should not be put on a pedestal, but there's no one I can think of in the country who could have done this job as honorably as he's doing. And even he has been attacked and dragged through the mud and false accusations made about him. What I'm saying is he's just a lawman acting by the book trying to do what he thinks is correct with a band of really, really smart, I think, honorable people around him.

turn 2 : Trump is now openly calling for the Mueller investigation to be shut down

turn 2 : Mueller should be respected and trusted, even though he has been wrongfully attacked and criticized.

turn 2 : The person thinks there is contitutional responsibility to investigate areas that the president has said not to. The Mueller team did not as the president told them to investigate only so much and then to stop.

turn 2 : The selection of Mueller's team members may not have been impartial

turn 2 : He is not saying that Putin never does anything wrong and is very nice.


turn 3 : Everyone should respect other people's feelings and not try to control them, even if they don't agree.

turn 3 : Their notion is to do as much as you can and don't think about the numbers too much.

turn 3 :  The implied meaning of this question is that people often associate certain ideologies with specific beliefs. However, this turn suggests that people should not be pigeonholed into a certain belief system based on one issue.

turn 3 : People should not put too much faith in any single person or institution to solve all of their problems.

turn 3 : Implies that religion is an important factor in the speaker's life, not just a literal question about religion.


Well, let's talk about that pivot. We heard that Barack Obama will be speaking with President Bush sometime, perhaps, this week?

He will be. He'll be having lots of conversations with President Bush, with Secretary of Treasury Paulson, Secretary Gates at the Pentagon. These are all conversations he will have. He's got a couple of different tasks. One, of course, is to name his team going forward, but then also to deal with some things that are right in front of him.

There are decisions to be made both - Congress is coming back to hold a session to talk about another stimulus package. And then, of course, there's a meeting at the White House of international leaders, to which Senator Obama has been invited. And so, he already sort of has a to-do list before he's even in office. That goes beyond what presidents traditionally face, which is merely putting together a cabinet and putting together a White House staff.

Yeah, I was going to say, when was the last time this happened, that almost the day after or even the night of his election, he's already planning. He's already governing, in a sense.

turn 1 : He would be fulfilling a government role and Trump makes it look like he does all of the work.

turn 1 : Obama is being tested to see if he is capable of successfully managing a crisis.

turn 1 : Obama is not yet in power but is being kept informed of the situation

turn 1 : Obama is already working before he is officially in office.

turn 1 : Obama wants to be seen as the voice of the people.


I'm fine. How are you?

I'm doing great. So, you know, a lot of us, I think, frankly, almost all of us who are African-American, say, you know what, I need to, you know, each one teach one, lift somebody up, but when you're a judge, you have a very particular role, and it's a role where you are at somewhat of a remove, even though you're facing the defendants, you are not on the same level as them. How do you make sense of what Judge Arrington did?

I understand what Judge Arrington did completely. And I have to tell you why. Though we must be removed, we are nonetheless human. It is the easiest thing in the world to do, is to be removed if you don't care. But if you have the nerve to care, and if you see what we see on a daily basis, his humanity and his caring came together that day and made him do something clearly he shouldn't have done. He knows that. But it was an error of the heart that I find fully condonable.

So, what other ways, you know, you say that you approve of the sentiment, not necessarily of the execution. How else may he have gone about this?

turn 3 : something that was hinted at or suggested, but not directly stated. When a person looks at his watch

turn 3 : They are asking if the person watches over other's actions and controls them.

turn 3 : to keep an eye on means to watch something closely


Is Joaquin Guzman, El Chapo, any less of a folk hero to some Mexicans now that he's been recaptured?

That was also a discussion, if Sean Penn's piece was portraying him as a hero. And I don't think that in Mexico we consider El Chapo a hero, not as Pablo Escobar was considered a hero in Colombia back in the '80s. People know that El Chapo is not a hero. People know that he's a criminal, that he has committed murders, that he was one of the most wanted men in the world. So I don't think that people consider him a hero. He's just a character that people are wondering about and are very curious about.

Has the Mexican government tried to spin this story, as we might say?

Yeah, the Mexican government, I think that has been very intelligent in sharing some information with some newspapers, with some TVs, giving a little bit, giving cookies to different media to portray different stories about El Chapo. And I think that what they're trying to do is to actually stop the Mexican people believing that El Chapo is a hero. And they're attacking him where it hurts most to a Mexican man - machismo. So they're actually portraying a drug lord who wasn't able to perform sexually. So they're giving all these details now about El Chapo having surgery to perform better as a lover. But I think that's actually quite a shaming and quite embarrassing for a man in Mexico.

turn 3 :  In turn (4), "they're attacking him where it hurts most to a Mexican man - machismo" implies that the Mexican government is trying to discredit El Chapo by bringing up stories of his allegedly poor sexual performance.

turn 3 : implies that the Mexican government is trying to portray El Chapo in a negative light by discussing details of his private life.

turn 3 : By contributiing to Trump's campaign they are seen as contributing to the mistreatment of Hispanics because Trump speads this kind of rhetoric. They are giving Trump the means to continue his divisive rhetoric.

turn 3 : He used racist language but tried to hide it behind humor.

turn 3 : The video blog post was racist and offensive.


I've been gone for four years, but the organization is carrying on very strong. It's 18 years old now, and this is an organization where almost an entire generation of youth have been raised with a complete consciousness of their history, both black and brown, and the unity in that history. And those are stories that I believe are not told enough. We always focus on the conflict, we know where we don't get along, but we need to promote the examples of where we're working together successfully much more.

You suffered a tragic loss when your daughter was killed in a car accident. How did you pick yourself up and keep doing your work after that?

Well, it was 2006, and you know, you just do. Some people have said to me, how was I able to get over it and continue on?I haven't gotten over anything. It is with me every single day, it is what I think about every morning I wake up, it is what I think about every day before I go to bed. Her presence is very much in my life, and it wasn't just my daughter, it was also my son-in-law as well. And I lost them at the peak of their life. And so I, like millions of other parents, manage. You don't get over it, you just manage.

If you could take your magic wand, and wave it over California, and see what happened in 10 years, what would you be most proud of?

turn 2 : B has found purpose and meaning in life despite grief.

turn 2 : Mothers who have lost their children recognize and approach each other for comfort.

turn 2 : The speaker keeps the happy memories of her past with her loved ones locked up inside her to deal with her grief.

turn 2 : There is no way to get over losing loved ones, but we can learn to manage our grief.


Well, look. Latinos care about the economy. They care about education. They care about health care and national security. So when you weigh those things on a scale, you'd be surprised how much folks embrace the conservative message. In fact, more Latinos self-identify as conservatives than they do as liberals.

Right. Obviously, Latinos are not a monolithic group. Many Cubans, for example, vote Republican because of their particular history. But how do you sell the conservative view at this particular point in time?You may have a powerful economic message. But can that resonate if an entire demographic may feel demonized and under threat?

Look. Latino citizens are smart, mature, educated voters who understand and can disassociate the comments of the president with what, you know, they need for solid policy that is going to make their lives better. I mean, that's what you have to ask yourself at the end of the day, you know, when you vote for some one person or the other, or one party or the other. Will that person make my life better?And that's the calculation that everybody makes. And Latinos do, too. So look. It's up to the candidate. And it's up to the party to sell their message, to market their message. We're a nonprofit, nonpartisan organization. And what we advance are principles. And that's what Latinos embrace.

But it's not just the president. The Republican Party and its base has swung to the right on the issue of immigration and how to deal with it. There hasn't been a discussion, for example, of reform, looking at how people can work here legally but rather enforcement, deporting people, building walls.

turn 2 : By contributiing to Trump's campaign they are seen as contributing to the mistreatment of Hispanics because Trump speads this kind of rhetoric. They are giving Trump the means to continue his divisive rhetoric.

turn 2 : Republicans have a tough time winning over Latino voters

turn 2 : "What's the reaction in El Salvador been to the president's comments and, for that matter, your personal reaction?"

turn 2 : Latino citizens can disassociate comments from the president and focus on solid policy

turn 2 : President Trump's remarks contribute to tensions and exacerbate racism


Let's remind ourselves - Consumer Financial Protection Bureau created in 2010, a independent consumer watchdog. How did it find itself at the center of this drama?

Yes. So it was created as part of the Dodd-Frank Act and came in the wake of the financial crisis. And it has been controversial ever since its creation. It was the idea of Elizabeth Warren, now a senator, and it has been a fight every single step of the way. The financial services industry fought it, Republicans in Congress fought it and tried to block it, including for two years not confirming its first director. And their argument is that this agency can overreach and that it's unaccountable. Supporters say that that is very necessary independence. And so that's how it got. . .

Yeah, the point is to be unaccountable, yes.

Exactly. And so this is how you get this agency in the middle of this fight with its current director leaving and trying to set something up to protect it on his way out the door.

turn 2 : The literal meaning of (3) is that no one is taking credit for the decision to go after old debts owed to the government. However, the implied meaning is that there is a lack of accountability and transparency within the government, as no one is willing to take responsibility for the decision.

turn 2 : The implied meaning of the speaker's response to the question of overturning the Affordable Care Act is that they don't only want to do away with it, but also to replace it with something better.

turn 2 : The implied meaning of this turn is that the implementation of the ACA has not achieved its goals as intended, as evidenced by the fact that many states have opted out of Medicaid, leaving many people uninsured and leading to an increasing number of rural hospital closures.

turn 2 : The implied meaning of "Yeah, the point is to be unaccountable, yes" is that the financial services industry and Republicans in Congress have been trying to block the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau because it has the independence to act without being accountable to those groups.

turn 2 : The Affordable Care Act is being challenged by Republicans.


I don't know many, but I know they exist - the person that doesn't really want fiction. They want nonfiction. They want something smart to read. I'm thinking more along the lines of, like, Ron Chernow's "Hamilton" that everybody became obsessed with, that read like fiction but was actually the book that's going to impress people that you read this summer.

That's right. There's literally a picture of Lin-Manuel Miranda on the beach reading that, but it's an old. . .

(Laughter).

In any case, yes. So there's a wonderful book that I think actually kind of brings together a lot of our - of our genres. And it's called "Murder By The Book. "It's by Claire Harman. And it's about a murder in Victorian London in which a minor aristocrat is murdered by his valet. Now, it actually does sound like fiction, right?It's nonfiction. But what's so wonderful about it is this guy's defense was that he had read a popular novel, and the book made me do it, which is kind of a wonderful thing if you think about what fiction can do.

turn 0 : The story was told to people and many became aware of it.

turn 0 : The success came quickly with one book after writing for many years.

turn 0 : Not "everybody" was obsessed with Chernow's book. This is an exaggeration, but is meant to convey that the book was popular.

turn 0 : She wanted the book to be written for the world to read. Many writers do not have their work published on a large enough scale for a large number of people to read it.  The literary world is the people that work in writing and publishing written work.

turn 0 : Creed said to write a song that would be very popular. Jazz musician friends said that he was writing songs that were boring.


(Laughter).

turn 3 : the phenomenon described in the book is extraordinary and could be perceived as a miracle by some readers, even though the literal meaning is simply acknowledging that the phenomenon is portrayed realistically in the book.

turn 3 : It's a high level concept but it's exaggeration to say that it's fictional.

turn 3 : 'A' does not literally believe that a novel inspiring a murder is a wonderful thing. he is simply saying it is impressive the way fiction can influence people.

turn 3 : A thinks that the world prefers simple or sad narratives over other themes.

turn 3 : The author included difficult experiences in the book for a reason.


Oh wow, so that's what is actually creating that plaque?

Right, so if you can knock out its activity without - of course that's the other question is, what's the downside of it?These are the things we don't know and will take years of testing. But that would be a truly extraordinary way of being able to prevent heart disease.

But you know what?It's never going to be that you have to - that you can't take care of yourself, and you rely on a vaccine or take a medicine. There's always going to be, you know, some interplay between these things.

Thank you, Dr.  Topol, for joining us today.

turn 2 :  In (3), the implied meaning is that some parents have chosen not to vaccinate their children, which may be contributing to the measles problem.

turn 2 : one-two punch implies that the vaccine works through a series of actions to produce a result

turn 2 : The statement implies that vaccine and medicine goes together in prevent heart disease.

turn 2 : It implies how important vaccination is against seasonal flu.

turn 2 : Building trust and providing education are necessary in order to make a convincing argument for why homeless individuals should receive the vaccine.


We normally surveyed the coastline up and down the West Coast. The second year, we went to a joint ocean adventure, the Indian Ocean expedition. And there I went to the Philippines, Jakarta, Malaysia, Singapore, India, West Ceylon, which is now Sri Lanka, Penang, Midway, all of the ports between California and India and back.

You also learned to do karate while you were on that ship, right?

I hung out with a bunch of guys from the Islands, Hawaiian guys, and that's where I first heard of Ed Parker. And I started talking to him and the philosophy and how they had to take care of themselves, and we would punch the metal sidings around the quarter deck to toughen up our hands. And of course, they showed me a few things. Why I got started, I was with a bunch of Hawaiian guys, and we were on Waikiki, and there was a little Chinese guy that didn't sail with us, but a couple of - I guess mainlanders were bothering him. And he tried to walk away several times, and they caught up with him. And then it was like, in a flash, and it was over with. All these guys were like on the ground, and I said, what was that?And that was, of course, some kung fu. And Ed Parker teaches kung fu on the streetside.

And Ed Parker went on to become one of the best-known names in martial arts.

turn 1 : That's what won, finally, the attention of the old man. And only when he was tough did the old man respect him. And I think when his father became incapacitated, Bobby began to resort to who he was as a kid.  The literal meaning would indicate that the person gained the attention and respect of their father by being tough, and when their father became incapacitated, they reverted to their childhood behavior. However, the implied meaning suggests that the person's father only recognized and valued them when they displayed strength and resilience, and when their father's condition changed, they reverted to their true self, which may have included aspects of vulnerability or a different set of values.

turn 1 : A learned karate from Ed Parker during his ocean adventure.

turn 1 : He had to find a way to keep the students from becoming bored and distracted.

turn 1 : The attack looked so perfect, like something straight out of the movies.


She says, look, we've got to do something some investment on sort of global warming issues, energy, independence issues. Let's use the recession to start creating a green economy.

Now, when you look at someone who is no longer in the race, John Edwards, he was often portrayed by supporters and portrayed himself as someone who was going to make ending poverty the center of his campaign. How would his approach have differed from both Senators Obama and Clinton?

Well, actually it turns out at the end of the day, the Edwards approach is fairly similar to sort of a combination of the Clinton and Obama proposals, and that's not surprising. Because John Edwards was the person who came out with a plan first - I thought it was the best plan - and the other candidates fit in in a lot of issues, actually copied John Edwards. In fact, John Edwards was - has truly been a forcing figure during this election, compelling Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton, both, to be more progressive than they might otherwise have been.

Well, let's talk a little bit about political philosophy. We've talked a bit about trickle-down economics, but then there's also the model of the government getting directly involved. Certainly ending the great depression by creating jobs itself - everything from jobs for writers and artists to road building, infrastructure. That does not seem to be a model that's been followed, certainly not to that extent - in decades. Is that even on the table, the whole prospect of the government actually stepping in and doing job creation itself?

turn 0 : "address the growing inequality crisis" - Literal meaning: to deal with the issue of inequality that is becoming more severe. Actual meaning: to take measures to reduce the gap between the rich and poor and provide support for those who are struggling.

turn 0 : This statement implies that B wants to know how A's family are dealing with the downturn economy and what the also think about America's economy.

turn 0 : "Let's use the recession to start creating a green economy." - The literal meaning is that during a recession, the speaker proposes investing in creating a green economy. The actual meaning is that the speaker sees an opportunity to address global warming and energy independence issues by investing in a green economy during a recession, which could create jobs and stimulate economic growth

turn 0 : "state of the economy" - This turn has a figurative meaning, as it refers to the overall condition of the economy rather than a specific physical location.

turn 0 : The recession will not have a quick recovery


turn 1 : implies that the meeting was focused on discussing how to achieve party unity and defeat John McCain in November. However, the actual meaning could be that the meeting was a bargaining session where Obama and Clinton discussed potential terms for Clinton to drop out of the race and endorse Obama. This is not explicitly stated yet is a possible subtextual meaning.

turn 1 :  "Frankly, they kind of overdo it, you know? So for blacks to support Obama, he's got to make up his mind. Is he African or American? Because he can't be both. That doesn't make sense." The literal meaning of this turn is that Obama cannot be both African and American, and that it is difficult for black people to support him. However, the actual meaning is that there is a sense of confusion and identity crisis regarding Obama's background, and that this confusion affects how some black people feel about him.

turn 1 :  implies that the questioner is asking if the effort to repeal the Affordable Care Act is completely over, while (4) implies that the questioner is suggesting that there are more important issues that the conversation could have started with than North Korea or Russia.

turn 1 : "How would his approach have differed from both Senators Obama and Clinton?" - The literal meaning is a question about how John Edwards' approach to ending poverty would differ from the approaches of Senators Obama and Clinton. The actual meaning is a question about the policy differences between the three candidates.

turn 1 :  (3).  In this turn, the speaker asks what the senator symbolizes in the current political race. The literal meaning of the words is clear, but the implied meaning is more complex. The speaker is really asking the senator to define their political platform and message, and to explain how they differ from their competitors. The question is meant to elicit a nuanced response that goes beyond simple symbolism.


turn 2 : "Sanders only calls himself a Democrat when he's seeking to be the party nominee for president." - The literal meaning of this turn is that Sanders identifies as a Democrat only when he is running for the party's presidential nomination. The actual meaning is that the speaker is implying that Sanders is not a true Democrat.

turn 2 : Although there are varying poll results, all of them show that Barack Obama is consistently ahead.

turn 2 :  "Frankly, they kind of overdo it, you know? So for blacks to support Obama, he's got to make up his mind. Is he African or American? Because he can't be both. That doesn't make sense." The literal meaning of this turn is that Obama cannot be both African and American, and that it is difficult for black people to support him. However, the actual meaning is that there is a sense of confusion and identity crisis regarding Obama's background, and that this confusion affects how some black people feel about him.

turn 2 :  implies that the Democrats should not become complacent with their current demographics and should focus on further outreach

turn 2 : "John Edwards was - has truly been a forcing figure during this election, compelling Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton, both, to be more progressive than they might otherwise have been." - The literal meaning is that John Edwards has pushed Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton to be more progressive in their policy proposals. The actual meaning is that John Edwards has had a significant impact on the policy proposals of the other candidates and has influenced the overall political discourse during the election.


turn 3 : "I'm doing well, but some people aren't. And let's talk about these figures and really, what is shifting in our economy right now in terms of the different sectors where people are losing these tens of thousands of jobs?" - The literal meaning is a statement about the current state of the economy and its impact on employment. The implied meaning is a suggestion to discuss the economic issues and the resulting job losses.

turn 3 : "Certainly ending the great depression by creating jobs itself - everything from jobs for writers and artists to road building, infrastructure." - The literal meaning is that the government could create jobs for a range of professions and industries, including writers, artists, and infrastructure. The actual meaning is that the government could play a direct role in job creation to address economic issues, rather than relying on trickle-down economics.

turn 3 : None found - the turns "less talk about trade" and "focused on unemployment" appear to have their literal meanings.

turn 3 : Many people are losing their jobs and companies are going bankrupt.


It was quite emotional. I was at the press conference. And I got a glimpse of the entry wounds. And it took me to an emotional place because the whole narrative has lots of holes that they created. One - gun, gun, gun - that they felt threatened. And two - that he was lunging at them.

Is there a new purpose to your protest now that you have this information?

I think that the purpose will stay the same - and that we want the officers fired. So our target right now is the Sacramento city manager because he's responsible. He's the only one within our city government who can fire officers. Our target really isn't the chief of police, although he's complicit in this dynamic because he hasn't come out with a strong enough statement that this is wrong.

Daniel Hahn is Sacramento's first African-American police chief. He was just sworn in last fall. How do you think he's handling the department overall?

turn 0 : The damage itself can not face anything. The cause of the damage, the person or people are what is meant here.

turn 0 : broke implies having bodily injury and not referring to being financially ruined

turn 0 : "getting impaled by a spear is not that good" - The literal meaning suggests that getting impaled by a spear is not a positive experience. However, the implied meaning is that getting impaled by a spear is extremely dangerous and can result in severe injuries or even death.

turn 0 : None of the turns in this conversation have a figurative or non-literal meaning.

turn 0 : wounds implies negative impact and not a physical wounds on something or somebody


Fans of "Judge Parker," a serial created in 1952 that follows the life of small-town judge Alan Parker and his family, will have noticed that Judge Parker's storyline has taken a hard turn. He is in prison and, as of the last strip, recovering from a brutal beating at the hands of other inmates when they found out that he was a judge. It's the latest twist in a plot that's turned the comic strip into a platform for educating readers about the troubling realities of prison life. It's a lot to take on in a few illustrated panels, so we've called up the writer of "Judge Parker," Francesco Marciuliano. He took over the strip in 2016, and he's also the writer of "Sally Forth," another popular syndicated comic.

Francesco Marciuliano, thanks so much for joining us.

Oh, thank you very much.

So we've spoken to you before. And I'm not going to get into all the details about why Judge Parker is in prison because it's a little crazy. But I'm just going to kind of summarize to say that he was, in a way, trapped. He thought he was doing the right thing, and this is what happened. And I just have to ask - you know, where did this come from?Where did you get the idea to follow this storyline?

turn 0 : Not every parolee who violates a rule is sent back to prison immediately

turn 0 : Judge Parker's storyline has taken a hard turn due to his imprisonment, making the comic strip a platform to educate readers about prison life

turn 0 : A is in prison and has developed coping mechanisms to get through the day. He keeps himself busy and tries not to dwell on negative thoughts.

turn 0 : A implies that he wants to show the consequences of breaking the law, even for the main character, despite doing it for the right reasons.

turn 0 : Proposes a different approach to dealing with non-violent drug crimes.


The bad news in this story involves the main character's family and her country of origin. She is from Haiti. Most of the characters in Danticat's new book of short stories are Haitian-American. They live in New York or Miami, but Haiti is often in their hearts and on their minds. Natural disasters and political disasters have sent many of its people fleeing to the U. S.  Danticat's book of short stories called "Everything Inside" reflects her experiences as an immigrant.

How did your family come to the United States?

My father first came when I was 2 years old. He came on a tourist visa, which he overstayed, and as did my mother. When I - she left when I was 4, and they were undocumented for about eight years. And during that time, we were separated. I stayed in Haiti with my aunt and uncle. And when I was 12, after they had changed their status and were - got their papers, then they were able to send for me and my brother to join them in Brooklyn, N. Y. , in 1981.

I'm sure you've had to tell this story more than once, and I'm sorry to dwell on it. But both as a parent and as a son, to think about so many years away from your parents and especially those particular years, that could not have been easy.

turn 0 : Jay's character development highlights the complexities of an immigrant's relationship with their home and adopted countries.

turn 0 : the narrator mention of non Mexican asylum-seekers so it is odd to see non Mexican asylum seekers setting place in Mexico.

turn 0 : The speaker wants to address the negative views towards immigrants in America and reject white nationalism and xenophobia

turn 0 : Danticat's book of short stories reflects the immigrant experience

turn 0 : All the essayists feel strongly about their homeland and want to tell its story


Well, first, it's going to sell a majority stake in its most prized asset, its investment-management division. The bank will also slash its stock dividends and sell off much of its mortgage business. You know, this announcement was triggered yesterday by the collapse of a possible deal with the Korea Development Bank that would have given Lehman some much needed capital. But Lehman's been struggling for awhile. Like Bear Stearns, it's been caught with a lot of bad mortgage debt and investors who've been frustrated that Lehman can't come up with the money to cover that debt. They've driven the bank's stock price down 80 percent this year.

So, this is a big concern on Wall Street and a big concern in the banking industry. What about consumers, should they be concerned as well?

Well, consumers will be feeling the bank's pain, most likely in the form of higher interest rates for credit cards and car loans and mortgages. I talked to Jane D'Arista at the Financial Market Center, and she pointed out that last weekend, when the government announced that it would back up Fannie and Freddie's debts, mortgage rates dropped almost right away.

Ms.  JANE D'ARISTA (Director of Programs, Financial Market Center): We had that lively little bounce there in the mortgage market where the rates went down, and everybody is very hopeful that this will restart the process of making mortgages, therefore getting rid of inventory and therefore protecting the prices of the housing market. But Lehman may take that away.

turn 0 : The decision to let Lehman Brothers fail was a key factor in the credit market freeze

turn 0 : There is a sense of panic in the financial system and central banks are the only ones willing to finance the banking sector.

turn 0 : Lehman's financial troubles are affecting consumers through higher interest rates.

turn 0 : Central bankers' actions have positively affected the market.


turn 2 : The federal government has taken control of mortgage companies Freddy Mac and Fannie Mae

turn 2 : The government's backing of Fannie and Freddie's debts lowered mortgage rates, but Lehman's struggles may reverse this progress.

turn 2 : The collapse of Lehman Brothers caused chaos and accelerated the failure of the financial system.

turn 2 : If mortgage companies agree to modify loans according to government standards, the government will help shoulder future losses.


I know it does.

How you doing, Tony?

I'm doing great. Listen, you heard the conversation we just had with Dave Zirin about the intersection of sports and politics. Do you agree with the basic premise that it's an issue that is ongoing and ever changing?

Oh, yeah. Absolutely, you know, Dave makes great points. What I thought was very interesting, Tony, was before the Olympics, LeBron James was going to become very interested, you know, about slave trade, and slavery in Africa. And he was making some points, saying I really want to do this, I think I'm going to do it, I think I'm going to speak out, and by the time they got to the Olympics, Tony, they had sat on LeBron. And suddenly he had changed his tune, he was well, this is nothing but sports, and we just want to keep it to sports. And to me, once again, it reinforces this whole idea of here you've got this team of multi-millionaires led by LeBron and Kobe, and these guys basically were intimidated. They were intimidated into not saying anything. So yeah, sports is very political by definition, and by the absence of it. It's just a phenomenal contradiction.

turn 2 : Julianne is expressing appreciation for Tony's invitation to the conversation.

turn 2 : There were some personal problems, and he is trying to understand the reason behind them without being too direct.

turn 2 : A is trying to add some humor to the conversation

turn 2 : "I'm doing great" is just a response to the question in order to lead into the conversation. Tony appears by the conversation to be a bit upset or excited

turn 2 : The turn suggests that the speaker is feeling frustrated and overwhelmed.


I know it does.

How you doing, Tony?

turn 3 : The management at NBC did not reach out to the speaker despite their public testimony of harassment.

turn 3 : Jesse Jackson wanted to assert his power over Obama by threatening his manhood

turn 3 : The park is segregated, and the African American kids are not allowed to play in it.

turn 3 : LeBron James was silenced by the Olympic organizers and not allowed to speak out about slavery in Africa.


It occurred on August 1st, in the late hours of the morning. One Serbian fell, and another (unintelligible) porter fell as well trying to rescue him, and that was the beginning of the fatalities. However, the serac fall, which stranded most of the climbers, didn't occur until quite late in the evening on August 1st.

A serac is a big column of ice, a big sheet of ice. And it fell off the mountain, and that complicated things for a lot of people. What were conditions like?

The weather was completely calm, very cold and clear, which is normal. No wind and as the day began to - as the sun began to rise, the weather was actually better than we could have hoped for. But, of course, things changed. The wind began to pick up the next day as people were stranded, and that complicated the rescue effort.

You were attempting to summit on that day, weren't you?

turn 0 : "start today's program" - This turn literally means the beginning of the program, but it implies the start of discussing a tragic event rather than a typical program.

turn 0 : "How did this start?" - This turn has a literal meaning and it is asking for the beginning of something.

turn 0 : The implied meaning of the first turn is that people have become apathetic to the problems facing the city and are not taking action.

turn 0 : "and that was the beginning of the fatalities." - The implied meaning here is that the fall resulted in people dying, rather than just being the start of a sequence of events.

turn 0 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer


turn 1 : Life is going to be a challenge due to reduced circumstances.

turn 1 : "And it complicated things for a lot of people." - The implied meaning here is that the serac fall caused significant problems and challenges, rather than just making things more difficult.

turn 1 : Life is going to be a struggle due to limited resources

turn 1 : The problem is extremely hard and difficult to understand as well as constantly changing.

turn 1 : you've got the whole thing likely means that they have everything needed to succeed.


turn 2 : The speaker is suggesting that the situation might not be as serious or dangerous as it initially seemed.

turn 2 : The speaker is hinting that the situation is difficult or complex.

turn 2 : The implied meaning of (3) is to encourage people to learn and understand the connection between the hurricanes, tornadoes and other natural disasters, without relying on someone else to do it for them.

turn 2 : There were some personal problems, and he is trying to understand the reason behind them without being too direct.

turn 2 : "and that complicated the rescue effort." - The implied meaning here is that the wind made the rescue effort more difficult, rather than just causing complications.


turn 3 : "You were attempting to summit on that day, weren't you?" - The literal meaning is that the speaker is asking if the person was planning to reach the summit on that day. The implied meaning could be that the speaker wants to know if the person was involved in the events that were being discussed earlier.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: What topics will be discussed at the summit?

turn 3 :  (4) - Implied meaning: What thoughts or feelings were you experiencing in that moment?

turn 3 : The literal meaning of turn (4) is that the speaker could have reached the summit of K2 but chose not to risk losing their fingers or a tip of a finger. However, the implied meaning is that the speaker prioritizes their physical well-being over the achievement of reaching the summit of K2. This suggests that the speaker is sensible and cautious when it comes to decision-making, even in high-risk situations.

turn 3 : The literal meaning of "What are they talking about today? What's the goal?" is asking for information about the subject matter and objectives of the negotiations. However, the implied meaning is that the speaker is expressing skepticism about the likelihood of any productive outcome from the negotiations, given the difficult dynamics described in the previous turn. The speaker is implying that the negotiations seem to be more about appearances than substance, and that there may not be a clear goal or path forward.


You know, I think really when it comes to animal agriculture and pork production specifically, we've always been about open and fair markets and open trade. We know that when there's a level playing field and we have an opportunity to be able to compete with other pork producers worldwide, we continue to gain market share because we are good.

When we have tariffs, these retaliatory tariffs, obviously somebody else has an advantage over us. And especially in China here right now, obviously we've got two 25% tariffs that add up to a 50%, along with the 12% that they charge everybody. That's a 62% tariff. Well, that puts us out of the market, makes us uncompetitive.

Well, with this announcement out of the White House, kind of unexpectedly just in the past week, I mean, do you kind of feel like there's a game of chicken going on, and you're caught in the middle?

Well, let's be very realistic. The real issue at first was steel and aluminum tariffs, which the tariffs were put on Mexico. They retaliated against the United States, and our product was at a 20% tariff rate. And really that was worth about $12 per head. And that $12 came out of my and other pork producers' pocket. So that was the first one.

turn 0 : it is a metaphorical field, it just means there are not as many candidates running for the election as there was in the past because some decided not to continue running

turn 0 : The field is not getting physically smaller, it has less candidates.

turn 0 : when something is made clear in this context it means that it is explained so people understand

turn 0 : when something is grounded in this context it means something is more realistic

turn 0 : level playing field implies that all things rightly set in place or things happening as supposed and not a football field


turn 1 : Countries imposing tariffs on each other leads to mutual harm, hence the need for multilateral negotiations

turn 1 : The United States uses its power in international trade to exert influence over other countries

turn 1 : U.S. businesses perform well when there's access to foreign markets and a chance to compete. More free trade agreements with other countries are wanted.

turn 1 : Tariffs put us out of the market and make us uncompetitive


turn 3 : The economic situation is causing a significant decrease in hiring, sales, and investment.

turn 3 : The steel and aluminum tariffs caused a loss for pork producers

turn 3 : There are better meat choices to reduce environmental impact.

turn 3 : The restaurant is experiencing a decline in business due to the current economic situation

turn 3 : The auto companies need to restructure their fixed costs due to the current economic situation, resulting in significant losses.


I want to talk about government response, first from President Nicolas Maduro, but also from Venezuela's opposition leader, Juan Guaido.

Well, Maduro's representative in Geneva has called it biased and incomprehensible, this report. But at the same time, the U. N. 's saying the Maduro government yesterday agreed to release 22 prisoners, including two pretty high-profile detainees at the request of Michelle Bachelet, the U. N.  high commissioner for human rights, who's the author of this report. Bachelet does seem to hold out hope of working with the Maduro government because it's allowed her organization for the first time in years to open an office in Venezuela, though we really don't know whether that will lead to anything.

As for the opposition, there've been demonstrations today in Venezuela which were originally about the death in custody of a naval captain. But the U. N.  report is very much also a theme. And Juan Guaido, leader of the opposition, has been talking to a crowd in Caracas, saying that the U. N.  has laid out what he's been saying for a long time now, which is that the Maduro government is a dictatorship.

That's NPR's Philip Reeves speaking from his base in Rio de Janeiro. Philip, thank you.

turn 1 : The prison industry has become too expensive for some states to handle and rehabilitation is a possible solution

turn 1 : A believes that Maduro's actions are similar to those in Rwanda and that a peaceful solution is needed

turn 1 : Maduro government's release of prisoners is an attempt to improve its image

turn 1 : The states are considering new strategies to reduce prison population and save money for other budget priorities.

turn 1 : The cost of running prisons is diverting resources from other important areas such as healthcare and education.


turn 2 : Guaido sees the U.N. report as supporting his claim of dictatorship

turn 2 : The literal meaning is discussing the possibility of Maduro's government detaining Guaido, but the implied meaning is that Guaido is confident in his own safety and that Maduro's government is unstable.

turn 2 : "one of that government's last mistakes" - This is a figurative expression, meaning that detaining Guaido would have serious consequences for Maduro's government, potentially leading to its downfall.

turn 2 : Well, for a long time, Juan Guaido has been saying that he's not interested in talking to Maduro. He doesn't recognize Maduro as Venezuela's legitimate president, arguing that the election that returned Maduro to a second term last year was a fraud.  The literal meaning of this turn is straightforward - Juan Guaido has publicly stated his unwillingness to hold talks with Maduro and does not consider him to be the legitimate president of Venezuela. However, the implied meaning of this turn is more complex and includes the political context of the situation, such as the ongoing power struggle in Venezuela and the efforts of Guaido and his supporters to remove Maduro from power.

turn 2 : The regime has been causing damage to the country and harming innocent people.


Well, we are looking at some very basic notions. We're not going to get into all the fine technicalities of the Geneva Conventions. But things like deliberately killing civilians or shooting at ambulances or hospitals or doctors or mistreating prisoners, torture, things like that.

So, for example, somebody - I hate to use the term - player in the game harms civilians, some kind of price could be exacted from the score?

Actually, there are games which do that now. In one game, for example, a company that we've worked with, if you start shooing indiscriminately at civilians, someone from your own side may start shooting at you.

And have you or other officials of the International Committee of the Red Cross spoken with video game producers?

turn 2 : (3) The implied meaning is that there is a great sense of uncertainty and concern about what will happen next, and it's not clear whether the situation is still a political game or has escalated to military brinksmanship. The literal meaning is consistent with this implied meaning.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker might be implying a hidden agenda or ulterior motive behind their words, actions, or decisions, without making it explicit.

turn 2 :  (3) is not a meaningful statement, so its actual meaning is different from its literal meaning.

turn 2 : The actual meaning of turn (3) is different from its literal meaning. While the literal meaning suggests that there are similar scenes in Brazil and Germany as in the FIFA scandal, the implied meaning is that there are investigations and consequences in those countries related to corruption in football

turn 2 : (3) has an actual meaning different from its literal meaning. The speaker is discussing how video games can impose consequences for harming civilians in-game, and how this is similar to the rules set by the Geneva Conventions in real-life conflicts. The implied meaning is that video game developers have a responsibility to consider the consequences of their game mechanics and the messages they send to players.


Several of them. I mean, Espanola had only 14 individuals left in the 1960s, and then it was 12 females and two males. A third male was found in the San Diego Zoo and brought back to Galapagos (unintelligible) 1975. And there have now been about 2,000 young tortoises released back to that island through the reproduction program at the tortoise center here on Santa Cruz.

The same holds true for several of the other populations. I would say many of the populations are out of danger. But we're still, given the exploitation from the 1800s, the total tortoise population of Galapagos is still about 10 to 20 percent of the original population. So we have a long way to go to bring them back to the original populations.

A couple of questions tweeted and asked by listeners of the same ilk, saying: Would it be possible to clone him?

OK, this is an interesting thing, and we are trying to save some of Lonesome George's tissues, cells. Cloning in reptiles has really not been developed at all, and we're doing - a few mammals seem to be doing OK, but in general the technology, the methodology to actually clone reptiles is decades away.

So hopefully they will be able to maintain cells as in cryogenics, and who knows in the future, but at the moment, it would be impossible.

turn 0 : "Have you been able to restore the populations to any extent?" This turn has a literal meaning. It asks whether any progress has been made in increasing the population of the tortoises.

turn 0 : In turn (3), the speaker uses the word "hunting" to refer to the killing of tortoises, but this word carries a connotation of hunting for sport or pleasure, rather than the more utilitarian and exploitative meaning of the word as used in the context of the Galapagos tortoise population. Additionally, the speaker uses the phrase "all alone up there" to describe George's isolation on his island, when in fact the actual location of the island is not specified and the use of the phrase "up there" is a colloquial expression that does not convey any specific location or orientation.

turn 0 : "released back to that island through the reproduction program" - This implies that young tortoises were bred in captivity and then reintroduced to the wild on the island of Espanola to increase the population, rather than just physically released.

turn 0 : "Nothing worked out." - The literal meaning of this sentence is that none of the attempts to recover the Pinta population of tortoises were successful. However, the actual meaning conveyed by the speaker is more negative in tone, suggesting that their efforts were futile and perhaps even frustrating.


turn 1 :  "leaving one of the world's most endangered animals seemingly unprotected" is a turn whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning. The phrase "seemingly unprotected" suggests that there may be some protection for the animal, but it is not clear or uncertain. The literal meaning would be that there is absolutely no protection for the animal.

turn 1 : "Have you been able to restore the populations to any extent?" This turn has a literal meaning. It asks whether any progress has been made in increasing the population of the tortoises.

turn 1 : "out of danger" - This implies that the populations of the tortoises are no longer threatened or endangered, rather than just not in immediate danger.

turn 1 : "Nothing worked out." - The literal meaning of this sentence is that none of the attempts to recover the Pinta population of tortoises were successful. However, the actual meaning conveyed by the speaker is more negative in tone, suggesting that their efforts were futile and perhaps even frustrating.

turn 1 : "it kind of reinforced the importance of the work we do and the future and trying to ensure that no other species or subspecies are lost in Galapagos." This turn has a metaphorical meaning. It means that the death of Lonesome George highlighted the significance of preserving endangered species and preventing their extinction.


turn 2 :  "Why is he the last of his kind?" - The literal meaning of this question is asking for the reason behind George being the last of his species. The actual meaning is more complex, as the speaker is likely asking for an explanation of the genetic factors that led to the extinction of the Pinta tortoise population and George's unique genetic makeup.

turn 2 : "clone him" - This implies the possibility of cloning Lonesome George, a tortoise, rather than just asking if it is possible to create a genetic duplicate of him.

turn 2 : A 'twin scandal' in this case doesn't speak of any genetic relationship, but two tightly connected situations, as twins are tightly connected familially.

turn 2 : "it kind of reinforced the importance of the work we do and the future and trying to ensure that no other species or subspecies are lost in Galapagos." This turn has a metaphorical meaning. It means that the death of Lonesome George highlighted the significance of preserving endangered species and preventing their extinction.


turn 3 : The discoveries made in the last 10 years provide a new opportunity to understand the communication of extinct dinosaurs.

turn 3 : The potential consequences of genetic engineering could be extreme and far-reaching.

turn 3 : "Have you been able to restore the populations to any extent?" This turn has a literal meaning. It asks whether any progress has been made in increasing the population of the tortoises.

turn 3 : "decades away" - This implies that the technology to clone reptiles is still a long way off and not currently available, rather than just being a matter of waiting for a few years.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: DNA may not be suitable for carrying out everyday tasks due to its slow processing speed.


turn 4 : The speaker is hinting at the possibility of using DNA as a storage system for personal data in the future, instead of relying on hard drives and other storage systems.

turn 4 : ) Implied meaning: DNA is a reliable storage option for long-term archiving of data

turn 4 : Stem cells are more stable and safe than cells but can become any cell type

turn 4 : "maintain cells as in cryogenics" - This implies the possibility of preserving cells through cryogenic freezing for future use, rather than just storing them for research purposes.


So Exclusive Brethren - tell us about who they are and what they believe in.

Well, they started out as the Plymouth Brethren in the 1830s, at a time when there were lots of small groups breaking away from the established church. And they set themselves up to live by the principles of the early Christian church and to worship together and not have priests. It was all very egalitarian. It was very pure.

And within a couple of decades, they started to split. And there was one group that split off from the main group because they thought the main group weren't being strict enough or separatist enough. My family began - I'm fourth-generation Exclusive Brethren. Then in the '60s, the 1960s, just before I was born, a new leader took over and decided that they still weren't strict enough.

(Laughter) Oh, wow.

turn 3 :  (4) is an expression of surprise. The implied meaning is an expression of admiration.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using humor or sarcasm to make a point or convey a message in a lighthearted way.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using a euphemism or understatement to convey a more significant or sensitive message.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: Amused disbelief at the sudden change in the status quo.

turn 3 : "Oh, wow." - This turn's actual meaning is different from its literal meaning. In this context, it is used sarcastically to express disbelief or surprise.


This got a no.

So the applicant explained when they applied for this. They said, quote, "It has no meaning. I just want to get it because I like it. That's it. "The DMV recognized very quickly - they said 420 - national smoke day - 420 - marijuana. So it's a reference to marijuana and cannabis.

Sorry, Eddi. All right. Here's the next one.

turn 3 : it does not mean "gone Girl" but something like "gone girl"

turn 3 : Implies that the speaker found the information about spiders and their webs interesting or impressive, despite the fact that they also thought it was "cool." So, the actual meaning of (4) is slightly different from its literal meaning.

turn 3 : UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #1: H-O-T-N-S-X-E. Hot and sexy.  In this turn, the literal meaning of the letters spelled out is "H-O-T-N-S-X-E", but the actual meaning is "hot and sexy".


Exactly. And they're all seeing poll numbers where the president's numbers nationally have slipped into the 30s. But when it comes to Republican voters, the president remains strong.

Now, your newspaper, The Washington Post, is reporting this morning that President Trump tried to get Jeff Sessions to drop the charges against Sheriff Arpaio. But he was advised that this would be inappropriate. Is this just another instance of the president being a newbie politician, someone that's kind of just new to the job here?

It's also an example of how the president's not only an outsider trying to intervene in these kinds of legal affairs. But he's been working on this Arpaio pardon for months, going as far as to ask the attorney general, one of his top allies, at least early in the administration to stop the prosecution from moving forward to help Arpaio get off. And this is raising concerns in both parties about the kind of behavior the president has when it comes to criminal justice. Is he doing too much to intervene?That's the question on Capitol Hill.

So not a snap decision. You say he's been working on it for a while.

turn 2 : is asking for the president's statement today, but the actual meaning is asking for an update on the situation.

turn 2 : "Is he doing too much to intervene? That's the question on Capitol Hill." - The actual meaning implied here is that there are concerns in both parties about the president's behavior when it comes to criminal justice, particularly his intervention in the Arpaio case.

turn 2 : The literal meaning of this turn is that some people may question whether the President of the United States, who is from the South Side, is a role model for people in that area. However, the implied meaning is that the President should be doing more to address the issues and problems faced by the people in the South Side. The speaker is suggesting that the President has a responsibility to use his position to help the community and that some people may feel disappointed by his lack of action.

turn 2 : Congress is not doing its job and is passing their responsibilities to the president who then abuses his power

turn 2 : That's his argument. He says it's uncomfortable but these questions need to be asked, otherwise powerful people can get away with terrible things."  Implicated meaning: The speaker acknowledges that the questions being proposed might cause discomfort, but they are necessary to prevent powerful individuals from evading consequences for their atrocious deeds. Without asking these challenging questions, there is a risk of enabling the privileged to escape accountability for their actions.


Good morning.

Good morning.

Thank you for having me.

Do you still feel a wall wouldn't be effective?

Absolutely. No. I mean, again - and I've said this before - a wall is definitely not going to be statistically significant. And the current existing wall, in fact, has had many issues. In reference to breaching the wall, I know some of the reports out had, existing walls have been breached thousands of times. And again, going back to the price tag that is going to cost the American taxpayer - it's just an incredible amount of money that's just going to be wasted.

turn 4 : B implies that they are skeptical that border security means a wall.

turn 4 : A wall is not a good solution for border security and would waste taxpayers' money.

turn 4 : It means border security... But we are calling for much more intense border security.  Implication: A is clarifying that "border security" does not only mean building a wall, but also includes other measures, such as physical barriers in certain areas and intensified security measures overall.

turn 4 : The House Republicans have conflicting views on illegal immigration and the border wall, making it difficult to reach a deal.


Good morning.

Good morning.

Thank you for having me.

turn 4 : They don't mean literally wall to wall but that everyone was for it.

turn 4 : A opposes a wall due to its inefficiency and cost

turn 4 : "Trying to build walls" - The actual meaning is that they are trying to create barriers and divisions instead of promoting unity and understanding.


In Larry Nassar's statement to the court last year just before he was sentenced, he said he'd been impacted to his inner-most core by the testimony of his victims, including yourself. But he did not apologize. He was, though, sentenced to life in prison. Did you feel resolution walking away from that day?

You know, I did in the sense that Larry will never be able to hurt another child. And I take great comfort in that. That being said, Larry was a symptom of the problem. And that's something, again, that I really wanted to dig into in the book. Larry didn't just magically appear as one of the most prolific predators in campus history, in sports history and in history in general. He didn't magically appear that way. He was enabled and sheltered by powerful organizations, by law enforcement agencies that mishandled or refused to investigate reports of sexual misconduct. And so while we were able to stop Larry, what really remains to be done and the work that has just begun is dealing with the institutions and the dynamics that left him in power.

Rachael Denhollander is an activist and former gymnast. Her book "What Is A Girl Worth?"and her children's book "How Much Is A Little Girl Worth?"are out now. Rachael, thank you so much.

Thank you.

turn 0 : The whole courtroom was probably not crying, it just means that a lot of people present were crying or just moved emotionally.

turn 0 : The person was surprised greatly by the information and it affected many of their thoughts and emotions. They were not struck but what they saw made them notice it and think about it more.

turn 0 : He said that he had a huge emotional reaction to the testimony.

turn 0 : They thought he was a joke or not a serious person

turn 0 : What people think of him has lessened due to the situation.


Thank you.

turn 0 : Impacted to the "inner-most core" is not literally. It's not the core of his body, it just means that it affected him greatly.

turn 0 : when someone says "he had no mean bone in his body" it means that the person was nice and kind

turn 0 : "his brain has been touched by God" - This turn has a figurative meaning and is not meant to be taken literally. It is a common expression used to describe someone who is exceptionally intelligent or talented.

turn 0 : The damage itself can not face anything. The cause of the damage, the person or people are what is meant here.


Thank you.

turn 1 : Tim Geithner and Larry Summers have a lot of responsibilities

turn 1 : He made a promise that was stressed by him and gave people the impression he would do it regardless of what happens.

turn 1 : Larry didn't just show up as a predator and hurt as many people as he did.

turn 1 : The person was not on fire but he was playing very well and getting a lot of fame and jobs because of this.

turn 1 : He is just trying to get people to laugh around Halloween by telling a joke.


Thank you.

turn 1 : his magic implies he performed so skilfully and amazingly

turn 1 : References to magic aren't meant to be literal. Of course he didn't magically appear. The implication is simply that Nassar is a product of the organization he worked for.

turn 1 :  Implied meaning: Radovan Karodzic was a war criminal but no one in the bar recognized him as such.

turn 1 : It is suggested that Magic Johnson is faking his illness of AIDS.


Now it's, I should say this is a demonstration, it's not, you know, there is an actual kill that takes place in the video, but it's not a real kill, it's a demo kill. But what the system that they are playing or working on actually is designed to do and will do when it is deployed is to hunt, and if necessary kill, real targets. It fires missiles, it drops bombs, you can hear the guy talking about the weapons that he has available on one of his drones.

And they didn't just make it feel like a video game, they figured out that there's a sort of a feedback loop that was a problem for the operators, they couldn't kind of sense what was happening. And they hired video gamers to redesign their system for them.

Yeah, they hired real game developers. Because, you know, when you compared what people in the military were using to operate drones to what the latest Xbox or PlayStation system looked like, I mean the screens on this wrap around you so you feel as though you were there. One of the executives Raytheon describes it as projecting your mind into a place where you want it.

You write about watching this demonstration video with your seven year old kind of standing behind you watching this screen, and he gets it right away and he kind of likes it.

turn 0 : has a literal meaning of "Yes, the numbers aren't looking good for the person," but its actual meaning is "It looks like the person isn't likely to succeed."

turn 0 : The speaker uses 'literally' in a figurative sense.

turn 0 : implies that the speaker was advocating for themselves to be violently punished,

turn 0 : "it's not a real kill, it's a demo kill" - The literal meaning is that a demonstration kill took place, but it was not a real kill. The implied meaning is that the system being demonstrated is capable of killing real targets.

turn 0 : when something is grounded in this context it means something is more realistic


turn 1 : "they hired video gamers to redesign their system for them" - The literal meaning is that video gamers were hired to redesign the system. The implied meaning is that the video gamers were able to improve the system's design by applying their expertise from playing video games.

turn 1 : (3) has an actual meaning different from its literal meaning. The speaker is discussing how video games can impose consequences for harming civilians in-game, and how this is similar to the rules set by the Geneva Conventions in real-life conflicts. The implied meaning is that video game developers have a responsibility to consider the consequences of their game mechanics and the messages they send to players.

turn 1 : In (2), the speaker is saying that advertisers are desperate to reach young male viewers and are investing in esports to do so. The literal meaning is straightforward, but the implied meaning is that traditional forms of advertising are becoming less effective in reaching younger generations, which is why advertisers are turning to esports as a new platform to reach their target audience.

turn 1 : "What kind of hard decisions do the folks in your program have to make?"  The actual meaning implied in this turn is: "What difficult choices or determinations do the people involved in your program have to make?"


turn 2 : Implies that there is a possibility for a drone pilot to experience psychological trauma, even if they are not in combat.

turn 2 : The drone has powerful sensors and can see far distances

turn 2 : "the screens on this wrap around you so you feel as though you were there" - The literal meaning is that the screens wrap around the user to create a sense of immersion. The implied meaning is that the user can feel as though they are actually present in the location where the drone is operating.

turn 2 : "on your radar screen" - This is also a figurative expression meaning something that is being monitored or tracked, rather than a literal radar screen.


turn 3 : "he gets it right away and he kind of likes it" - The literal meaning is that the seven year old understands the demonstration and enjoys it. The implied meaning is that the seven year old is being desensitized to violence and is being exposed to the idea of killing as a form of entertainment.

turn 3 : The literal meaning of (4) is that Tracy Letts watched his family suffer when he was 10 years old, but the implied meaning is that the experience had a lasting effect on him and shaped his life and art.

turn 3 : The speaker is implying that kids are getting involved in stealing cars at a very young age.

turn 3 : This turn is literal in meaning, as it is a straightforward question asking about the speaker's children.

turn 3 : The mother was surprised that her 7-year-old son already knew about the terms 'hooker' and 'stripper' and their connection to violence and sexuality without her teaching him.


How hopeful are you that this outbreak can be contained?

Specifically in Uganda, they are very well-prepared. But the way the response is going in the DRC is very concerning. There's a lot of scale-up and better coordination and closely working with the community. There's a lot of armed groups operating in the area. There's a tax on Ebola workers. NGOs are forced to suspend their programming on a regular basis.

And so it's really important that we gain the trust of the community in the DRC, that people make sure they're starting to bring suspected cases into the clinics because we're still seeing a lot of cases in the communities, which shows that people are not trusting the response, and they're not bringing their loved ones into the clinics for treatment. So in order to stop it spreading, we have to stop it in the source, which is in North Kivu in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

Kellie Ryan with the International Rescue Committee in Uganda. We reached her by Skype. Kellie, thanks so much.

turn 1 : It is becoming very dangerous for workers to run Ebola clinics

turn 1 : The fight against Ebola is not just a health problem, but also a political one

turn 1 : The response to the Ebola outbreak in DRC is not going well and there are a lot of challenges to overcome

turn 1 : The chances of new Ebola cases arriving in Uganda are high until the outbreak stops in DRC.


turn 2 : It is becoming very dangerous for workers to run Ebola clinics

turn 2 : The fight against Ebola is not just a health problem, but also a political one

turn 2 : People in the DRC are not trusting the response to the Ebola outbreak and need to start bringing suspected cases into clinics for treatment

turn 2 : The chances of new Ebola cases arriving in Uganda are high until the outbreak stops in DRC.

turn 2 : Scientists have been studying Ebola for decades, but they still haven't identified its reservoir host.


turn 2 : The lack of trust in the community in the DRC is hindering efforts to stop the spread of Ebola.


But these are opposition strongholds. So, again, it reinforced this view that Ebola is being exploited for political gain. It's being used by certain political players to make money. And so what we're seeing is a lot of these messages being circulated that Ebola is a hoax or Ebola is a plot. And people are attributing these messages to local political leaders who presumably feel that their power is being threatened by rivals who are aligned with the fight against Ebola.

So the new U. N.  coordinator, what can they do?

This appointment is a recognition that the U. N.  realizes they need to treat this as much as a political problem as a health problem. And my sources in Congo say that they might need to get pretty radical because you can't just fight this with guns because if you do that, you're just going to play into this narrative that the national government is using Ebola as a way to gain power. You need to spread the message that this is not a political issue, that this is something that, you know, affects everyone.

And so some of the ideas that have been talked about, for example, is just really broaden who gets vaccinated. Normally, you vaccinate people who've had direct contact with someone who has Ebola, which makes sense medically, right?But that just makes people wonder, are the people who are getting vaccinated people who have connections, you know?And why isn't everyone getting vaccinated?

turn 2 : The response to the Ebola outbreak in DRC is not going well and there are a lot of challenges to overcome


I did.

What's it like?

It's really very beautiful. And I kind of thought to myself when I saw it - he has it in his room and they're sort of in a guest room with a blue bedspread and there are kind of stuffed animals on the bed. It's a very bizarre scene and very Sendak. But I saw it and I thought to myself, who would ever want to own Keats's death mask?And then I looked at it and I realized, like, I know exactly why you would want to own Keats's death mask because in a way, what I was doing in this book was kind of writing death masks.

That urge to preserve the moment - and Annie Leibovitz did it with her famous photographs of Sontag - and Sendak himself drew the people he loved, his partner of many, many years after he died and his family members right before they died. And there's something about capturing that moment in art that I actually do completely understand, both the reason that you'd make Keats's death mask and the reason you'd want to own it.

In the end, Katie, did you come away feeling that you had figured out what, for you, would be a good death, an enviable death?

turn 2 : The speaker is sarcastic about the so-called 'racial moment'

turn 2 :  (3) - The speaker is suggesting that the woman might have been racist and they needed to take her seriously.

turn 2 : She is agreeing that they debated and making it humorous.

turn 2 :  "Although lots of the things the racist rulers said were very funny.I don't think they intended it that way."

turn 2 : (4) implies that the speaker is being sarcastic or making a joke in response to the other person's comment.


I don't actually see a need to detain people at all. There are lots of alternatives to detention that have been shown to work. In many cases, people are released on ankle monitors so that the government can keep track of where they are. But once again, I don't think that the government's figures on appearance rates at hearings are accurate.

Mexico has expanded some of the rights of asylum-seekers, non-Mexican asylum-seekers - haven't they?- in recent weeks. Humanitarian visas, work permits, access to legal services, does any of that help?

I know that they have started giving humanitarian visas to individuals who are returned. They are supposed to provide for work authorization. But I understand that a number of our plaintiffs have had trouble finding jobs and also trouble proving that they are entitled to work in Mexico. I think that goes back to the animus against migrants that I spoke of before.

Do you and other groups have an idea of how many people we might potentially be talking about who were asylum-seekers in Mexico?

We don't have an exact number. The government has said that they're going to expand this policy to Texas in the not-too-distant future. And my understanding is that as of Thursday, eight families were returned- eight families comprised of 13 adults and 13 children. And that was just one day.

turn 1 :  The asylum-seekers have a legal status, which means the speaker is not responsible for them.

turn 1 : that the asylum seekers may be facing problems in their attempt to get to Canada, due to their association with Snowden.

turn 1 : the narrator mention of non Mexican asylum-seekers so it is odd to see non Mexican asylum seekers setting place in Mexico.

turn 1 : The speaker acknowledges some people don't support the asylum seekers, but they believe that most of them don't understand the situation well.


So we've now been looking at harmless bacteria, so - and we've been using that as a model system. So there's, I think, two major interests. One is a biological one, a microbiological one, is understanding bacteria better. And so it turns out there's also a number of pathogens that wear these coats, and so we would really like to look at what they look like and how they're able to interact with the host. And another interest is that because they are these highly ordered structures - and really the proteins, they assemble themselves, and that's a property that material sciences are interested in. So it's those -both those aspects that are interesting.

If the bacteria have this chainmail that surrounds them, how do nutrients and things get in and out of them?

So it - there you can really compare it like a chainmail. A chainmail is also not just like the armor that we probably know. It is little rings sitting next to each other, and they have holes. The nutrients get across those holes.

And does - do - does the chainmail look the same on all different kinds of bacteria, or are there distinctive patterns on some?Could you say, oh, I recognize that one?

turn 0 : The cell doesn't literally "read" the protein, it merely reacts to the stimili.

turn 0 : A is discussing a scientific concept or discovery with B.

turn 0 : The actual meaning implied here could be that whatever "it" refers to has a strong presence or quality of plant-like characteristics. It might not necessarily mean that "it" is literally made of plants or vegetables.

turn 0 : on that note means speaking of which, or they are moving the discussion forward with a topic that was mentioned.

turn 0 : "another interest is that because they are these highly ordered structures - and really the proteins, they assemble themselves, and that's a property that material sciences are interested in" - The actual meaning is that the ordered structures of the bacteria's protein coats are of interest to material sciences, not that the bacteria themselves are materials.


turn 2 : B is asking if viruses can easily infect multiple species or if there needs to be specific conditions.

turn 2 : smell like rotten eggs is about bacteria smell

turn 2 :  "So it - there you can really compare it like a chainmail.A chainmail is also not just like the armor that we probably know.It is little rings sitting next to each other, and they have holes.The nutrients get across those holes." - The actual meaning is that the chainmail-like structure of the bacteria's protein coats allows nutrients to pass through, not that the bacteria are literally wearing chainmail armor.

turn 2 : Many parts of the human body are colonized by bacteria.

turn 2 : Actual meaning implies that the bacteria has grown and spread across the plates, creating the appearance of a lawn.


. . . food.

And. . .

And so when someone like Roger has this incredible density of taste buds on his tongue, we call those people super-tasters. Or I refer to them in "Taste What You're Missing" as hyper-tasters. To me, it just sounds a little bit less caped crusader. . .

. . . than a super-taster. But what that means is that that people who have this type of anatomy, in combination with some genetic traits, are much more sensitive to sweetness, sourness. It turns out, they're also more sensitive to the heat that comes from jalapeno chilies, for example. And so. . .

turn 2 :  where the speaker uses words that are not typically associated with wine tasting, such as "burnt hair," "desiccated strawberry," and "armpit," to describe the taste of wine. The implied meaning is that sommeliers use highly imaginative and unconventional ways to describe the taste of wine, which may not be easily understandable to the average person.

turn 2 : The phrase "less caped crusader" is an idiomatic expression used to mean "less superhero-like" or "less exaggerated." In this context, it means that the term "hyper-taster" sounds more reasonable and less exaggerated than "super-taster."

turn 2 : (3) "So, clean water tastes bad." The speaker is not suggesting that clean water always tastes bad, but rather making a statement based on the previous speaker's explanation that excessively purified water (i.e. distilled water) can have a less appealing taste. The implied meaning is that excessively purified water can have a less appealing taste, not that all clean water tastes bad.

turn 2 : A: His anatomy turns out to be such that when he tastes something, he experiences it as much more intense than someone who has a lower density of taste buds on his tongue...


No, he won't be voted on by the entire board, under our system, and I'd be telling you more internal NAACP organizational matters than anyone needs to know. The CEO works for the executive committee, and the executive committee needs to approve his contract, which I'm confident will happen. And when that's done, it's done.

You have been a very strong leader of the NAACP, from the position of chairman of the board. There have been some incredible chairmen - and women, including Myrlie Evers-Williams. But is this organization prepared to have a strong president?You are arguably still, at this point, you know, beyond arguably, the most powerful person at the NAACP, are you ready to split the seat?

I'm ready for Ben Jealous to come on board, and, you know, we have had only, I think, 17 people in this job, over the 99 years we've been in existence - four have been white, several have been women, they come from a variety of backgrounds and professions, but I'm looking forward to Ben Jealous. I think he is going to be among the strongest we've ever had, and may turn out to be the strongest we have ever had.

Give me a moment that you think typifies the direction that the NAACP is going. And what I mean is a personal moment, where you really felt, I'm doing the right thing, for the right reasons.

turn 0 : The CEO's contract will be approved by the executive committee, not the entire board.

turn 0 : The agreement will cause things to come to a halt with no further changes.

turn 0 : The cuts will be significant and likely affect employees.

turn 0 : The executive order signed by Trump may not be accomplishing anything new.

turn 0 : Let's get the job done by implementing the internal changes recommended by Congress and other commissions. (Line 1)


turn 2 : The NAACP should form coalitions with other people of color

turn 2 : The NAACP needs to work with people of color regardless of tensions or issues

turn 2 : The incoming president, Ben Jealous, is expected to be one of the strongest in NAACP history.

turn 2 :  "Frankly, they kind of overdo it, you know? So for blacks to support Obama, he's got to make up his mind. Is he African or American? Because he can't be both. That doesn't make sense." The literal meaning of this turn is that Obama cannot be both African and American, and that it is difficult for black people to support him. However, the actual meaning is that there is a sense of confusion and identity crisis regarding Obama's background, and that this confusion affects how some black people feel about him.


Well, you summarized it beautifully at the beginning. Dan Peterson is an amateur astronomer, and really he was just, sort of, bent over his telescope looking through the eyepiece when he saw this brilliant flash of light in the cloud top of Jupiter.

And he immediately went onto the Internet and told a forum of amateurs what he had seen. Now, you know, 10 or 20 years ago, if he had made that report, people would have told him oh, you're crazy, you're seeing things. But in this case, another amateur astronomer, George Hall in Texas, happened to be video recording Jupiter at the same time.

He wasn't actually watching the planet with his own eyes, but he was making a video recording. And when he went and looked back at his footage, he found sure enough, there was a flash of light just when Dan Peterson said that he saw it. And most likely what happened was that an asteroid hit Jupiter - and not a huge asteroid, probably an asteroid about 10 meters or 30 feet in diameter - and it would have exploded at about the - with an energy equal to about 10 times our early atomic bomb.

Wow, what is an asteroid doing near Jupiter?

turn 1 : In the past, people would not believe amateur astronomers, but now there is more trust in their reports.

turn 1 : Not all scientific beliefs are accurate, even if widely accepted.

turn 1 : B is making a sarcastic remark about the difficulty of discovering something new with telescopes.

turn 1 : The theories do not float but are being spoken out to repeatedly to a large number of people to see if others will believe them.

turn 1 : The current theory about the formation of the moon might not be accurate


Before there was "Gangnam Style," the dress or the ice bucket challenge, there were other stories that raced around the country. In the 19th century, newspapers throughout the U. S.  were kind of early aggregators. They just helped themselves to each other's stories, so if something juicy turned up in Boston, it would soon find its way into print in Chicago or Kansas City. That's the finding of researchers at Northeastern University. They used computers to search through those old publications for stories that went - sorry, can't avoid saying it - viral. Ryan Cordell is one of those researchers. He joins from the studios of WBUR in Boston. Thanks for being with us.

I'm glad to be here.

What is the 19th century equivalent of a cat perching on the toilet?

Well, we found quite a few of them; a lot of household hints and stories. One of my favorites is a story that purports to be a young man in church who is wooing a young lady by circling passages in the Bible and handing them to her and that they're married a year later as the story says at the end.

turn 2 : Cat called means to have mean loudly say sexual things to you in front of others.

turn 2 :  "cat perching on the toilet" - refers to a popular internet meme, but in this context, it's asking for an equivalent popular phenomenon in the 19th century, so the literal meaning of a cat perching on a toilet is not intended.

turn 2 :  the figurative use of the phrase "flipping the bird" and the phrase's implication in New York City, respectively.


I'm glad to be here.

turn 2 : 3) is the same as its literal meaning, which is asking for information about the number of stories typically received by the literary magazine.

turn 2 : The literal meaning of (3) is a simple expression of agreement, while the implied meaning is that the speaker is amazed by the story of Steve Dalkowski's feats.

turn 2 : The literal meaning of (3) is asking what type of story was popular in the 19th century that could be compared to a modern day internet meme. The implied meaning is asking what was popular or trendy in the 19th century.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using metaphors or analogies to convey a complex idea or emotion in a more relatable or understandable way.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using a metaphor or analogy to convey a deeper meaning or idea, often related to emotions or personal experiences.


That "Breakfast Machine" video has been viewed over a million times since she posted it four months ago. Simone Giertz says she doesn't have an engineering background. She just has a lot of ideas for funny machines, so she taught herself how to build them.

So I get a lot of questions, if I build the projects that I do and I actually intend them to do a good job or if I intentionally make them bad. And I must admit that they are somewhat intentionally bad. I mean, I - but they're really good at being bad, I would say. So, I mean, that's some sort of success maybe.

Success is right. Another video posted at the same time as "The Breakfast Machine" has also racked up over a million views. It's of a robot she calls tThe Wake-Up Machine.

It's an alarm clock with a rubber arm attached to it. So whenever the alarm goes off. . .

. . . The rubber arm starts slapping the person sleeping in the face. To me, the goal of building useless and ridiculous robots is more - I mean, in some way it's, like, a personal goal because I think it's really fun. And I think, like, having fun is super important to create things. But I think overall, like, I think it's a really good way of inspiring people to learn about hardware and about electronics because it can kind of reach people who wouldn't normally be interested in a robotics project.

turn 4 : The implied meaning is that Simone Giertz uses her robots to inspire people to learn about hardware and electronics, even if they wouldn't normally be interested in robotics projects.

turn 4 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be indirectly suggesting a course of action or solution to a problem without explicitly stating it.

turn 4 : The actual meaning of turn 4 is "You are welcome and appreciated for joining us and discussing the topic."

turn 4 : Implies that the speaker found the information about spiders and their webs interesting or impressive, despite the fact that they also thought it was "cool." So, the actual meaning of (4) is slightly different from its literal meaning.

turn 4 :  implies surprise that the potential for machines to reach human intelligence is a reality that children might have to consider.


Now, the beauty of this country, though, is that when you represent those groups, I'd say that they're just really upset with this administration for the things that you pointed out, this is why they get to participate in this process. Now, we have another election. And that's why I believe those who have the boldness and the courage to run for president should also have the boldness and the courage to go to stages that aren't typically their turf.

That is Bob Vander Plaats. He's the CEO of The Family Leader. That's a conservative political organization based in Iowa. He's issued invitations to the top seven polling Democrats to come and speak to his group in July. And he was kind enough to speak to us from Urbandale, Iowa.

Mr.  Vander Plaats, thanks so much for talking to us. Keep us posted about your plans, if you would.

Will do.

turn 0 : A is advocating for social and political change.

turn 0 : Represented groups are unhappy with the current administration but can still participate in the political process

turn 0 : "engaged in the process" - this means actively participating in the political process, not just being present or observing it.

turn 0 : Despite congressional interest, the Trump administration is not listening to anyone but Donald Trump

turn 0 : The government is not providing strong leadership, which is causing dissatisfaction among the people.