Now, in New York state alone, that's 98 delegates at stake tomorrow for whoever wins by just one vote. That's a big pass to the delegates to get all in one place. And in some other states, if you win in every congressional district, you can take home the lion's share of the delegates from that state.

So, because the Republican rules do wait the winner more heavily and give extra bonus delegates for just winning, whether you win by one vote or whether you win over 50 percent in some cases, that's a big opportunity for John McCain as the national frontrunner to run up a big delegate total tomorrow and really put this out of reach.

All right. Finally, Mike Huckabee. He has a strong following among social conservatives at this point. He's kind of considered and also ran. Is that really accurate?What influence does he have in the race either, you know, in terms of winning or in terms of endorsing?

Well, first, his dream, of course tomorrow, would be to win big in several states in the south, maybe break through in Georgia, Alabama, his own state of Arkansas, Oklahoma possibly. He's competitive in West Virginia, where having conventions, maybe even Tennessee. If he could do that, he could stay in the race as a kind of regional candidate and power broker. Otherwise, the main thing he's doing is he's probably taking votes away from Mitt Romney, which is why Mitt Romney keeps trying to say, shoo, to Mike Huckabee in the game, out of the race if he possibly can.

turn 2 : The literal meaning of turn (2) is a question asking what the speaker can add to the race that other candidates do not already have. However, the actual meaning is that the speaker is being challenged to prove their value and justify their entry into the race. The literal meaning of the turn does not reflect the underlying challenge and skepticism expressed by the speaker.

turn 2 : In turn (3), the speaker asks about Mike Huckabee's influence in the race, both in terms of winning and endorsing. The literal meaning of the turn is a straightforward question. However, the implied meaning is that Mike Huckabee's influence in the race may extend beyond winning or endorsing, as he could potentially serve as a regional candidate and power broker if he performs well in certain states. This suggests that Huckabee's role in the race may be more complex and multifaceted than what the question implies.

turn 2 : "Well, both candidates have stumped a lot in Michigan, and is either candidate getting more traction?" - This turn has a literal meaning and is also used with its actual meaning.

turn 2 : Implied meaning for turn (3): The questioner assumes that the speaker decided to support Donald Trump based on something he said, but the speaker clarifies that his decision was based on Trump's track record of job creation, as well as input from other people involved in the election.


There are a lot of different stories in your first issue about reducing recidivism, performing Shakespeare in prison, getting a Ph. D.  on the inside. Was there one story in particular that you were really happy inmates would be able to read?

One that comes to mind that I like is about virtual reality. There's juveniles that were sentenced to life without parole previously, but the Supreme Court changed all that. And one facility thought, now they are going to society; what we going to do with them?How we going to prepare them?So they came up with the idea of virtual reality goggles so they can see images of what it looks like to be on the outside. And it was - one gentleman who did the grocery store virtual reality video - when he took the headset off, he had tears streaming down his face. And the first thing out his mouth was, what else in the world has changed?

Wow.

Many men on the inside just wish they can just have a glimpse of what the outside is.

turn 1 : The prison industry has become too expensive for some states to handle and rehabilitation is a possible solution

turn 1 : Virtual reality experience has a profound impact on inmates who have never experienced life outside prison

turn 1 : "There's people who become who they are on the inside."  This turn is a figurative expression that means some people change and grow emotionally and mentally while incarcerated.

turn 1 : Adjusting to life outside of prison has been a challenge, but he has successfully adapted.

turn 1 : Implies that there is a possibility for a drone pilot to experience psychological trauma, even if they are not in combat.


After they rejected President Obama's opening offer, Republicans issued a proposal of their own yesterday, which was promptly dismissed by the White House. One group that's already worked out a series of compromises to come up with a comprehensive proposal is a nonpartisan group called Fix the Debt. It emerged from the Simpson-Bowles Commission. Its ideas include higher taxes on the wealthy and tax reform, plus changes to Social Security and Medicare.

Former Republican Senator Pete Domenici serves on the steering committee of Fix the Debt, co-chairs the Debt Reduction Task Force at the Bipartisan Policy Center, and he joins us now by phone from his office in Washington, D. C. , and it's good of you to be with us today.

Thank you very much, Neal. I do want to clarify now, I'm not - I'm associated with the Bipartisan Policy Center. We put out our budget for use by the team working for the White House and the Republicans. It's not the same as the one you just announced.

All right.

turn 3 : they are just acknowledging the person's response

turn 3 : They are just acknowledging the person's answer

turn 3 :  implies that the speaker is expressing gratitude for the other person's time and attention.

turn 3 : They are asking if the person watches over other's actions and controls them.


But you do know that this is public information.

Yes. But we are not contributing to fuel any hate. We are contributing because we want President Trump to be reelected. I like the job he's doing as president. I love the way he loves America, the same way that I love America. I named my company Great America Companies in 1972 when I first immigrated to America because I felt this was a great place.

President Trump has used the words invasion and killer, according to new statistics, over 500 times when speaking about immigration and immigrants since 2017. That is as president. People see his rhetoric as divisive and specifically when speaking about Latino immigrants. Does that not concern you?

Not at all because he's not being taken in the full context of these expressions. What he wants is legal immigration. He's not objecting to immigration of Latinos or Hispanics. He only objects to illegal immigration.

turn 1 : Fueling it means that he made the idea gain more followers.

turn 1 : GOVERNMENT HAS INCREASED GAS PRICE SO PROTESTER  BLAMING THE GOVERNMENT

turn 1 : It is not that is something to be tasted. It is something people don't like to hear about.

turn 1 : Fueling hate does not mean to give it gas but to make more people hate each other.

turn 1 : to draw a lot of hatred means something got a ton of hatred or anger towards it


Yeah, well, this is an excellent question. First of all, the thing that they looked back to if they wanted to think back to a time of real hardship, it would have been the depression of the early 1890s, which was about as close to them as the depression is to us, but closer actually. So, in the 1890s, you had upwards of 20 percent unemployment.

This was caused by some crisis to do with a run on the U. S.  dollar, and gold flowing out of the United States Treasury and so forth, and so on. And you had really large numbers of the unemployed straggling along American roads looking for work. This is in an age of a lot of anxiety about hobos, and tramps, and the threat to public order that they might have represented.

And I think if we had had motion pictures from the 1890s, we would probably regard that as a great depression. But the key thing maybe to think about there is, it wasn't obviously going to be the great depression by Christmas 1929. And maybe, even it wasn't obviously going to be the great depression by Christmas 1930. It was something that kind of crept slowly and sickeningly upon people.

And this thesis that really it's the information revolution, it's the online world in exchange of all that we know, this thesis probably is not such a big factor, you think, in what's going on.

turn 0 : The effects of FDR's New Deal on the Great Depression are still controversial.

turn 0 : The state of the stock market reflects the worldwide pessimism and depression

turn 0 : The recession will not have a quick recovery

turn 0 : The depression of the early 1890s was the closest event of real hardship that people could compare to the Great Depression

turn 0 : The technical definition of a recession doesn't accurately reflect the economic hardship experienced by many people.


Sure.

. . . Had Don Blankenship prevailed.

Well, they're all tough. I say you run scared or unopposed. They're all tough. But you're right. This will be a tough race.

Yeah. Have your calculations about how to run the race changed?

turn 2 : The person campaigned without opposition and was scared while doing so.

turn 2 : The candidate had something troubling in their past.

turn 2 : There was almost a competition for who had the authority of the the situation.

turn 2 : A is willing to support the campaign in any way he can


Committee will come to order.

Intelligence Committee Chairman Adam Schiff was the one swinging that gavel and overseeing the hearing with Acting Director of National Intelligence Joseph Maguire. Chairman Schiff, welcome back to the program.

Thank you. Great to be with you.

Let me first ask you about one big revelation in the whistleblower complaint, which is that after President Trump asked Ukraine's president to look into the Biden family, the White House locked down all records of the call, putting them into a separate electronic system to handle especially sensitive classified information. Have you ever heard of a White House doing something like that?

turn 1 : The gavel was not swung but Adam Schiff had authority over the meeting.

turn 1 :  Implies disbelief in the official explanation for the meeting and wanting a better answer.

turn 1 : The speaker was misled into attending a meeting under false pretenses.

turn 1 : The meeting was polite but not necessarily friendly.

turn 1 : The decision was not something that was given up by one side.


Committee will come to order.

Thank you. Great to be with you.

turn 3 : The person complained publicaly about things that were illegal and private.

turn 3 : A case of police brutality is being investigated and all involved are subject to that investigation

turn 3 : A whistle was not blown but a person complained about an event publically that could be illegal.

turn 3 : The complaint was about someone that exposed something being done illegally by another person or group.


And you do say us. You believe that you've been complicit in some small ways, too.

Of course. I believe that everybody has. I tell a story in the piece about a former colleague of mine who did not harass me but who I saw harass other people. And at a later job, that colleague, I was told, was going to be brought on. And I made this stand. No, I will not work with him. But I was on a leave at the time. And I was told - OK, it'll just be temporary. By the time you get back from your leave, he'll be gone. And he was.

However, when I got back from that leave, there were younger employees who came to me afterwards and told me that he had messaged them inappropriately. So you know, here I was thinking, actually, that I was, you know, doing the right thing by raising my voice in concern. But in fact, in doing it only, in some ways, on my own behalf, I failed to protect the others - younger women - from that kind of behavior.

Some of the allegations against prominent men - and be they Harvey Weinstein or Roy Moore or James Toback or President Trump or Al Franken - are 10, 20, even 30 years old. Should some of the women who defended President Bill Clinton from allegations of sexual misconduct in the '80s and '90s reassess the support they gave him now?

turn 1 : (2) The literal meaning of this turn is that A made a stand against the colleague, but the actual meaning is that A had the power to stand up for others but didn't.

turn 1 : to hold something in this context means that the person has power

turn 1 : "Voice" and "stand up" are both figurative. The first means have influence, the second means support (not physically stand up).

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker is subtly suggesting that the other person is being unreasonable or unrealistic in their expectations or demands.


turn 2 :  (3) is not a meaningful statement, so its actual meaning is different from its literal meaning.

turn 2 : This is implying that the speaker is asking for advice or suggestions on how to protect oneself from such attacks in the future, rather than just a quick summary of the issue.

turn 2 :  Implied meaning: There is a fear of the spread of Zika, malaria, cholera, and other diseases due to the lack of access to aid.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: Do people have to keep going despite the danger in the conflict?

turn 2 : (3) The literal meaning of this turn is that A failed to protect others, but the actual meaning is that A was only concerned with protecting themselves.


Yeah.

. . . Calmer feeling inside your kitchens. Why?

Right. That's part of what I learned not to do from Todd is to scream and to not pay them. And a lot of that was what I had to go through. I had to beg for my paycheck, or - I think I was making $6 an hour from him. So I felt I would succeed if I treat people with dignity and teach them the tools to succeed - not that I really knew right away when I had only one restaurant - but to be part of a team instead of a head chef and a screamer. I wanted it to feel like we're all in this together - from the reservationist, to the dishwasher, to the line cooks, to myself - that we are one chef, and we - I need them to succeed. So that's how I worked in my kitchens.

Why do you think it's still so hard for women to break into this business?

It isn't hard to break into it. It's up to women to want to do it. I think a lot of women look at the hours and the lifestyle, and then they think family or children. But I think it's fabulous to have your children involved in the restaurant industry. I mean, it's changed a lot. And - I mean, it's not - it's about what women want to do, and don't give up. I think that's really - I just put my head down, and I knew what I wanted, and I went for it. And yeah, there's struggle, but there's struggles in every job.

turn 2 : The literal meaning suggests that Todd taught A not to scream and not to pay the employees. However, the actual meaning is that A learned from Todd's mistakes and did not engage in those behaviors.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker might be implying a hidden agenda or ulterior motive behind their words, actions, or decisions, without making it explicit.

turn 2 :  is to sing, but the implied meaning is to not take the conversation in the direction being presented.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker is making a subtle suggestion or insinuation that others may pick up on, but without being too direct or forceful.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker is hinting at something indirectly and expects the listener to read between the lines.


Yeah.

turn 4 : The literal meaning suggests that breaking into the restaurant business is not difficult for women. However, the actual meaning is that women need to have the desire and motivation to pursue a career in the industry.

turn 4 : A implies that her knowledge of business helps her manage the financial aspects of her career as a comedienne.

turn 4 : Actual meaning: B is challenging A's position and implying that it is morally questionable. Literal meaning: B is asking A if they want to align themselves with people who cut 3 percent from the Meals on Wheels budget.

turn 4 : The turn that has an actual meaning different from its literal meaning is (2). The speaker is not talking about physically diving into something, but rather delving into the topic of a new class of online retailer that uses Shopify and AliExpress. The implied meaning is that the speaker has started researching and investigating this topic in depth


Yeah.

. . . Jupiter. But there's no debris right now. It looks like whatever hit Jupiter, Jupiter just kind of swallowed it whole.

Yeah. You know, I'm reminded - when you say debris, I'm reminded of that famous Shoemaker-Levy 9 comet that broke up and smashed into the planet in 1994.

Well, you're right. And, you know, I said 10 or 20 years ago, people might have said that Dan Peterson, who saw the impact, was just, you know, seeing things. But back before comet Shoemaker - excuse me, SL9 hit Jupiter, astronomers were very skeptical that big impacts like that occurred in the modern day solar system. And then we saw that tremendous series of 21 impacts with our own eyes, when Shoemaker 9 hit Jupiter. And, of course, that was a comet.

turn 3 : Gobbled up is not literal. The comet would not be eaten by the sun, but would be burnt up by the sun's heat.

turn 3 : Jupiter being a big planet with lots of gravity attracts space rocks.

turn 3 : "exceeded by a great amount." - actual meaning: the spacecrafts have surpassed their original mission goals and continued to function well beyond their expected lifetime.

turn 3 : The tremendous series of 21 impacts with our own eyes when Shoemaker 9 hit Jupiter was a comet.

turn 3 : The disaster was so immense and overwhelming that it was hard to comprehend.


Yeah.

turn 3 : Planets didn't actually "pop pout." This merely implies that the analysis surprisingly revealed five planets that fit their research.

turn 3 : In the past, people would not believe amateur astronomers, but now there is more trust in their reports.

turn 3 : THere may be mercurian meteorites in the solar system, although not as close "as around us" implies

turn 3 : Astronomers were skeptical of big impacts in modern solar system before Shoemaker 9 hit Jupiter in 1994


Oh, my God. I love them.

You love them.

I can eat one everyday. You hate them. I'm so interested.

It's literally, like, on my top three worst foods.

turn 1 : B is trying to express that love still exists despite some setbacks

turn 1 : B's laughter does not have a literal meaning but is likely a response to something humorous or lighthearted in the conversation.

turn 1 : Literal meaning: B is asking A to describe a summer day at the house A loved. Actual meaning: The actual meaning is the same as the literal meaning.

turn 1 : In this context, B's response "You love them" is not meant to convey a literal understanding of A's statement, but rather a sarcastic or skeptical response. B is implying that they do not share the same level of enthusiasm for whatever A is referring to. Therefore, the actual meaning of B's response is different from its literal meaning.

turn 1 : The turn with an actual meaning different from its literal meaning is (2).  In this conversation, A is acknowledging the wisdom in what B's mother said about talking to people in their 80s because they have a unique perspective on life. However, when A says "Nobody wants to hear that you met Harry Truman, you know. Shh.", the literal meaning is that A is telling B to be quiet about meeting Harry Truman because it's not interesting. The actual meaning, however, is that A is making a sarcastic comment about how people only seem to care about meeting famous celebrities like Rihanna, rather than valuing the life experiences and wisdom of those who have lived longer.


He was.

He wrote many articles in magazines and newspapers, so I guess you could see where he might get carried away a little bit. He was popularizing science to come up with something maybe that was sort of like Einstein said, a little literary license maybe.

Yeah. Einstein regretted having put the term in, but he didn't use those precise words. And this became interesting to me because this is almost Einstein's most quoted phrase. So you know, it was interesting to see has he actually used those words.

Yeah. That is quite interesting. Let's talk about another strange fact that's in your book. You write that Vladimir Nabokov, the author of "Lolita" and "Pale Fire," actually came up with a scientific theory about butterflies at one point.

turn 1 : He did not just get carried away but he exaggerated his claims.

turn 1 : He made a promise that was stressed by him and gave people the impression he would do it regardless of what happens.

turn 1 : He may have said something offensive, but he didn't admit it.

turn 1 : He gives him the content to use against him. He has negative information that can hurt him.

turn 1 : There were some personal problems, and he is trying to understand the reason behind them without being too direct.


Mike Dunleavy like, drained, I think, a dozen three-pointers, if I'm not mistaken.

At least, yeah. And the Blazers lost to Houston 121 to 116 in overtime - not to move on to Portland too quickly here. What's going on?Strange and spreading malady in these playoffs, Scott. Road teams are winning at a stunning rate. In the first week of the postseason, road teams won 12 of the 22 games. Now remember, teams are clawing for much of the regular season - clawing to win games in order to give them the home-court advantage in the playoffs.

The psychology of playing in front of your own cheering fans, the comfort and routine of home - it's supposed to make winning in the postseason more likely. So far, not the case.

And why not?

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using a metaphor or analogy to convey a deeper meaning or idea, often related to emotions or personal experiences.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using metaphors or analogies to convey a complex idea or emotion in a more relatable or understandable way.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using a metaphor or analogy to explain or describe something, often to make a complex idea easier to understand or to create a vivid image in the listener's mind.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker's use of a certain metaphor or analogy suggests they are drawing a comparison to another concept in order to illustrate their point or express a deeper meaning.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker's use of a particular tone or emphasis suggests that they may be implying something indirectly, without stating it explicitly.


And why not?

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using a euphemism or understatement to convey a more significant or sensitive message.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using humor or sarcasm to make a point or convey a message in a lighthearted way.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using a sarcastic or ironic tone to convey their true feelings or opinions about the situation, without explicitly stating them.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker's use of a certain word or phrase may have a hidden connotation or subtext that is meant to convey a particular idea or message, such as irony or euphemism.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using understatement or exaggeration to convey a message, often to emphasize a point or to add humor to a situation.


Hi.

So, where were you when the typhoon hit?

I was on the island of Baho, and Baho was affected yesterday about 2 P. M. The problem for Baho is that it had already been basically destroyed, parts of it, by a massive earthquake just three weeks ago. So, there are certain areas of Baho that were particularly vulnerable to the extreme weather that we had yesterday.

I know you're still struggling to assess things but what can you tell us about what conditions look like now?

turn 1 : Surviving hurricanes is a common occurrence and a way of life for the Bahamians.

turn 1 : The hurricane in the Bahamas is a developing story.

turn 1 : Hurricane Dorian is a severe and dangerous storm that poses a serious threat to the Bahamas

turn 1 : Hurricanes are becoming more dangerous due to climate change

turn 1 : The people of Baha affected by the effect of typhoon not by by typhoon


Hi.

turn 3 : The implied meaning is to ask for an update on the current condition of Baho after the typhoon.

turn 3 :  (4) - This is asking for the biggest worries or concerns of Mr. DeMaria regarding the effects of the hurricane.

turn 3 : (4) - The actual meaning is to ask if the Mexican governments and the agency were ready for the floods and its aftermath.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: Dr. Yphnatides is being asked to think about what changes should be made in the future to prevent another outbreak like this.

turn 3 : The implied meaning of this turn is that is there any action humans can take to try to assist the stranded whales in their situation.


Every administration has some level of dysfunction. But in a White House that is running somewhat more smoothly than this one, how would this work when it's a well-oiled machine or something close to it?

Well, I was involved in a similar case back in the Clinton presidency when we were examining someone for a high position in national security and seemed like a very fine candidate. But then we began to learn things about his past that were troubling. Red flags started to go up. And we went to the president and said, Mr.  President, there are some real problems here; these are very problematic. And the nominations then just disappeared.

So the public didn't know about it at that point.

The public didn't know and still doesn't know, and I don't think it's fair to the individual. His name was never put into play. I think his privacy should be protected since he wasn't seeking a job; he didn't - wasn't nominated. Here's the thing that also mystifies me because there's so much about this is strange. You would think that candidate himself, knowing how the system works, knowing that there's going to be deep scrutiny - you would think that the potential nominee would go to the chief of staff of the White House and say, we need to talk, and volunteer the information so there can be no misunderstandings along the way instead of having a situation here where people just sat on the information clearly some people knew.

turn 1 : Donald Trump's use of Bill Clinton's personal history to distract from legitimate campaign issues is not an effective strategy

turn 1 : The President has been using flashy events and rallies to maintain the spotlight on himself and his presidency

turn 1 : The FBI intentionally avoided revealing that the Hillary Clinton campaign paid for the Steele dossier.

turn 1 : The Clinton presidency had a scandal similar to the current one

turn 1 : Implies that Bill Clinton should have known better than to take such an action.


turn 1 : The candidate had something troubling in their past.

turn 1 : The voters did not seem to change their opinions when they voted again.

turn 1 : The person campaigned without opposition and was scared while doing so.

turn 1 : Trump said the person is bad at their job and causes trouble to others.

turn 1 :  This turn actually means that people should not expect to "love" Donald Trump as the Republican nominee, but should come together as a party to face the challenges that lie ahead.


I think it's also worth noting that the money here is astronomically higher than what an insurance commissioner normally raises. It was donated three years in advance to when Causey would have been running for re-election. He hadn't even announced his re-election bid here. And the maximum that donors can give in this state is $5,400 per person.

Any response from Hayes or the other defendants?

I've left Chairman Hayes a voicemail. I have not heard from him. He has not said anything publicly. We have not heard from any of the other ones, any other folks who have been indicted at this time.

And to pull back for a moment, what about the state Republican Party?

turn 1 : To pull back for a moment means to take a step back and consider the bigger picture.

turn 1 : To pull the trigger means to decide to make something happen.

turn 1 : "walked them right back" means retracting or withdrawing from a previously stated position, rather than physically walking backward

turn 1 : double take means to look at something again because you are surprised

turn 1 : to pull up somewhere means to drive to a particular place


I think that's George Bush's fault. Everything else is George Bush's fault. John McCain - look, there are a lot of ways to lose a campaign. And one way to think about it is the way Republicans lost the presidential campaign in 1996, which is that Bob Dole became a much less divisive presence in the last weeks of the campaign. Resources were transferred from the presidential campaign to the House races.

And that year, a year that the Republicans could easily have lost the House, that Republican majority in the House was barely saved. So that's a model for one way to do it. But another thing that can happen is, you can run a campaign - and this is what John McCain is doing - that agitates your base and gets them motivated but also forfeits independents and centrists.

And in your piece, this is a lot of what the Palin factor is. . .

Right.

turn 0 : Republicans in Congress are complicit in Trump's attacks on democracy.

turn 0 : Blaming George Bush for everything is a common theme among Democrats.

turn 0 : Democratic Party is inclusive and addresses national crisis

turn 0 : Republicans in Congress are not doing enough to hold Donald Trump accountable for his actions and words

turn 0 : The President's lack of loyalty to the Republican Party may lead to voters punishing Republicans in the upcoming election.


So, do think we will see these two again?Do you think Lisicki will get another chance?

Well, I think she will. I think she'll have other chances, and it was very, very sweet of Marion Bartoli to say that during the trophy presentation, that she had no doubt that Sabine Lisicki would be back. But once again, the one thing we know about sports is we don't know anything; is that you have no idea who's going to be back, and if you think that next year is your year, you just don't know. And, obviously, with the competition being what it is, let's - you think Serena Williams is sitting at home right now thinking, oh, well, I won't be back. Of course she'll be back. Maria Sharapova will be back. Victoria Azarenka will be back. There are a lot of great young players. Sloan Stephens, the American, will be a huge contender for championships to come.

So, that's the reason why so many professional athletes will tell you, when you're on stage, when it's your moment, you've got to take it because you don't know when that moment's coming again, if it ever does.

Now, the big moment has come for Andy Murray and, of course, the hopes of all Britain are riding on him. He plays Novak Djokovic. What do you think's going to happen?

turn 2 :  The actual meaning of this turn is that professional athletes should take advantage of the opportunities they have and make the most of them, because they may not get the same opportunity again.

turn 2 : It implies that Student-athletes are being exploited for their labor and not fairly compensated.

turn 2 : The actual meaning of turn (3) is different from its literal meaning. While the literal meaning suggests that there are similar scenes in Brazil and Germany as in the FIFA scandal, the implied meaning is that there are investigations and consequences in those countries related to corruption in football

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker might be implying a hidden agenda or ulterior motive behind their words, actions, or decisions, without making it explicit.

turn 2 : to give them more flexibility in this context means they are allowed to do more things


There were some in the immediate crowd, Scott, who were smiling. But the president chose to make his tour of the damage in a rather affluent area where the damage was not so severe. Elsewhere on the island, these remarks seemed surreal. Plus, there was his rather cavalier comment about Puerto Rico's debt crisis, which is quite severe and which he dismissed and said, well, that's gone. That's gone. That's gone. Well, the next day, the president's budget director had to walk that back and say we shouldn't take that word for word. And all of this gave the impression that the president wasn't taking Puerto Rico as seriously as he did the hurricane disasters in Texas and Florida.

Did he leave a different impression the next day in Las Vegas?

You know, he did, and very much so. Whether it was recompense or whether the Vegas shooting just got to him on another level, one of his most authentic moments, really, of apparent empathy since he took office.

We're getting a tweet from president - from President Trump. Or we're not getting it. But he's tweeted, I called Chuck Schumer yesterday to see if the Dems would do a great health care bill. Obamacare is badly broken, big premiums. Who knows?

turn 0 : The speaker is implying that the people of Puerto Rico feel forgotten and neglected by the Trump administration.

turn 0 : The president's claim of success in assisting Puerto Rico during Hurricane Maria is false.

turn 0 : The lack of power is a major issue in Puerto Rico after the hurricane.

turn 0 : The president may not have been as sympathetic to Puerto Rico's situation as he was to Texas and Florida.


turn 0 : The actual meaning different from the literal meaning is:  "...the president's budget director had to walk that back and say we shouldn't take that word for word."  The literal meaning of this sentence is that the president's budget director had to retract or clarify the statement made by the president. However, the implied meaning is that the president's initial statement was not accurate or well-thought-out, and it needed to be corrected or softened to avoid negative consequences.

turn 0 : (1) Implied meaning: Are you suggesting that despite the good things Franklin Roosevelt and Abraham Lincoln did, they were still wrong for certain actions?

turn 0 : The president's words are exaggerated and they are not meant to be taken literally.

turn 0 : (1) The actual meaning of turn (1) is different from its literal meaning, as it implies that the speaker is ready to defend their state against any legal challenges from the Trump administration and has a track record of success in litigation against them, indicating a confident and confrontational approach.

turn 0 : The literal meaning of turn (1) is a request for information about the options available to the United States at present. The implied meaning, however, is that the speaker is concerned about the situation in Syria and is looking for possible courses of action that the United States could take to address the root cause of the humanitarian crisis there. The speaker believes that the Assad regime's practice of shelling populated areas not under its control is the main driver behind the crisis and that this should be the focus of the United States' response.


turn 1 : The speaker is implying that the people of Puerto Rico feel forgotten and neglected by the Trump administration.

turn 1 : The lack of power is a major issue in Puerto Rico after the hurricane.

turn 1 : The president was showing a lack of seriousness for the Puerto Rican crisis.

turn 1 : The president's claim of success in assisting Puerto Rico during Hurricane Maria is false.

turn 1 : The Cabinet crisis was very serious and ugly.


turn 1 : The actual meaning different from the literal meaning is:  "Did he leave a different impression the next day in Las Vegas?"  The literal meaning of this sentence is asking whether the president left a distinct impression the next day in Las Vegas. However, the implied meaning is asking whether the president's behavior or demeanor changed significantly in response to the events or circumstances in Las Vegas, indicating a potential shift in his attitude or approach.

turn 1 : Although the literal meaning of this turn is simply an acknowledgement or agreement, the implied meaning behind it is that the speaker may not be fully engaged or interested in the conversation. It could be interpreted as a way of signaling disinterest or a desire to move on to a different topic.

turn 1 : Implied meaning for turn (3): The questioner assumes that the speaker decided to support Donald Trump based on something he said, but the speaker clarifies that his decision was based on Trump's track record of job creation, as well as input from other people involved in the election.

turn 1 : (4). While the literal meaning of the turn is that President Obama will be somewhere, the actual meaning is unclear without further context. It is possible that the speaker is asking whether the person they are speaking to wants President Obama to make a statement or take action regarding Sandy's situation, but this is not explicitly stated.

turn 1 : The literal meaning of turn (4) is that the interviewer is seeking clarification on what the interviewee means by "bad things going on." However, the actual meaning is that the interviewer is making an assumption that "bad things going on" primarily refers to guards abusing inmates, even though the interviewee did not explicitly state this.


turn 2 : The speaker is implying that the people of Puerto Rico feel forgotten and neglected by the Trump administration.

turn 2 : The lack of power is a major issue in Puerto Rico after the hurricane.

turn 2 : The president's attitude towards Puerto Rico and their debt crisis was dismissive and uncaring.

turn 2 : The economy is doing very poorly, and consumers are struggling to pay their debts and bills.


turn 2 : Implies that Bill Clinton should have known better than to take such an action.

turn 2 : The literal meaning of turn (4) is that CNN was unable to verify some of the claims that Dr. Ben Carson has made about his past, including an incident where he stabbed a friend and his application and acceptance to West Point. However, the implied meaning is that Dr. Carson may have exaggerated or embellished these stories in order to make his personal redemption story more compelling. The turn (4) uses the phrase "the implication is" to indicate that this is not a direct accusation, but rather a suggestion or insinuation.

turn 2 : The actual meaning different from the literal meaning is:  "Whether it was recompense or whether the Vegas shooting just got to him on another level, one of his most authentic moments, really, of apparent empathy since he took office."  The literal meaning of this sentence is that the president's behavior or reactions were influenced either by a sense of recompense or by the impact of the Vegas shooting. However, the implied meaning is that the president's display of empathy during this time was seen as genuine and uncharacteristic compared to his previous actions or statements since he assumed office.

turn 2 : Actual meaning: A is pointing out the lack of discussion and attention given to a potential solution to a problem due to the dominance of the Trump-related discourse. Literal meaning: A is discussing a method of repealing Obamacare that involves tax credits and encourages consumer choice.

turn 2 : The president was satisfied with how he was perceived.


turn 3 : The speaker is implying that the people of Puerto Rico feel forgotten and neglected by the Trump administration.

turn 3 : The lack of power is a major issue in Puerto Rico after the hurricane.

turn 3 : President Trump has caused a negative impact on climate change policies

turn 3 : The President's remarks suggested that he was not taking Puerto Rico's plight as seriously as he did other disaster areas.


turn 3 : (4). While the literal meaning of the turn is that President Obama will be somewhere, the actual meaning is unclear without further context. It is possible that the speaker is asking whether the person they are speaking to wants President Obama to make a statement or take action regarding Sandy's situation, but this is not explicitly stated.

turn 3 : "get off this Twitter stuff" - figurative meaning, implies that the president should stop using social media as a means of communication and focus on more important issues.

turn 3 : The actual meaning different from the literal meaning is:  "We're getting a tweet from President Trump... But he's tweeted, I called Chuck Schumer yesterday to see if the Dems would do a great health care bill. Obamacare is badly broken, big premiums. Who knows?"  The literal meaning of this statement is that President Trump tweeted about calling Chuck Schumer and his concerns about the broken state of Obamacare. However, the implied meaning is that the president's use of Twitter to discuss important matters like healthcare policy is unorthodox and lacks the seriousness or deliberation that is typically expected in political discourse.

turn 3 : The actual meaning of the third turn is that the speaker is implying that the current administration is trying to prevent important information from being released, and this is why they are pushing people to contact them with information.

turn 3 : The literal meaning of this turn is that the bloggers on News and Views referred to the scandal involving the Detroit mayor's text messages as "textual healing." However, the implied meaning is that the bloggers are using a humorous or ironic phrase to refer to a serious and potentially damaging scandal. The phrase "textual healing" is a play on words on the song "Sexual Healing" by Marvin Gaye and suggests that the scandal is being trivialized or made light of.


Andrew Biewener said this as we were walking through the lab. It's where they first jump kangaroos and. . .

Of course.

Kangaroos on a treadmill.

To figure out how the tendons work. I mean, it really is neat stuff that I don't think – I don't think this - a lab like this exists maybe anywhere else.

turn 1 : In this context, the implied meaning of "Of course" is that Andrew Biewener's statement was not surprising or unexpected; instead, it was a natural conclusion from the context.

turn 1 : A statement implies that they were caught off guard or surprised by the previous speaker's comment.

turn 1 :  The speaker is expressing regret about the death of a fellow student.

turn 1 : The implied meaning of turn (2) is that the speaker was tempted to find out if it was possible for the student to access the books they mentioned.

turn 1 : Turn (3): The speaker is suggesting that the proposal at the ballpark is likely to be a rejected one.


Some of them do. But, more than that, what I'm hearing are the amount of people who are so disturbed because everything that Toby says about Rachel is something that they could be accused of. I always think of that, that the - sometimes, my behavior is forgivable in my marriage. And God forbid I should ever get a divorce. But if I did, that very same behavior would be looked at as completely reprehensible. And I think the amount of people who are struggling to find their footing in this new world - where we are supposed to have these equitable marriages and that women are supposed to be as successful as they want to be and that perhaps nobody told the men that we were given permission for that - I think, more and more, you're going to be hearing people who say, oh, my God, the things that Rachel says are things that I've said. It sounds like a miserable book. But I do want to say that. . .

No, it's not.

. . . I think that there is - (laughter). . .

It made me laugh a lot. It bubbles with the insights and funny situations.

turn 3 : Funny things that make people think and stick in their mind

turn 3 : The disaster was so immense and overwhelming that it was hard to comprehend.

turn 3 : Bubbles implies that there were many of insights and funny situations included.

turn 3 : Turn (3) describes the discovery of clues that led to the unraveling of the scandal, which is consistent with its literal meaning.

turn 3 : something that was hinted at or suggested, but not directly stated.


Yeah. And you know, it - so what they're studying - so I could gush about the animals for a long time, but there's actual science going on here. And the idea is to understand sort of how muscles work and how our skeletons help us move. And engineers are collaborating with them to make better robots, and they have sort of influence on people looking for treatments for movement disorders in people.

I mean, this is a really basic biology happening here, but you need to have all these kinds of animals to compare how a guinea fowl runs versus how an emu runs or - and so they also have, you know, really cool gadgets. So there's like a huge X-ray machine that takes X-ray video and high-speed cameras everywhere.

And. . .

It's sort of like a visual dream.

turn 1 :  (2) - Implied meaning: What is your opinion on modern space exploration, which has become more robotic than human?

turn 1 : The implied meaning is that Simone Giertz uses her robots to inspire people to learn about hardware and electronics, even if they wouldn't normally be interested in robotics projects.

turn 1 : , the phrase "make it new" is not suggesting that the reader should literally create something new, but rather that they should explore new ideas and concepts.

turn 1 : The literal meaning of (3) is for thanking the engineer for his plan, but the actual meaning is to show appreciation for the engineer's work.

turn 1 : "make better robots" - In this context, making better robots refers to improving the design and functionality of robots by studying how animals move. The literal meaning of make is to create something physically, but in this case, it refers to designing robots.


Good morning, Scott. You're going to have to work on your inflection if you want a new job.

Uh - (mumbling). Want a new job?Did you hear something. . .

ESPN.

OK.

turn 0 : None . There's nothing in this that implies anything.

turn 0 : None , I do not believe there is any here


And the early history of baseball is replete with teams that raided other teams for their catchers.

Oh, and particularly in the 1870s that the best teams were the ones with the best catchers. You really couldn't be successful without one. And Deacon White stood above everybody else to the point where he played on five consecutive championship teams. And he went from team to team and the championship just followed him around wherever he went.

He was quite a good hitter too.

He was a great hitter. He was a way above-average hitter, playing a position where, you know, the defense was so all-encompassing as a skill that you could, you know, you could really just put anybody there if they could field the position and not worry about their bat. But he was a consistent . 300 and above hitter.

turn 2 :  The actual meaning of this turn is that professional athletes should take advantage of the opportunities they have and make the most of them, because they may not get the same opportunity again.

turn 2 : A good catcher is essential for the success of the team.

turn 2 : playing refers to as and implies engaged with or undertake

turn 2 : Playing catcher is a dangerous position that can cause permanent physical harm.

turn 2 : hitter refers to as a skilled gamer or sportsman


OK.  And I understand that you co-authored a paper that looks at all the carbon emissions we're already committed to. Can you explain what all of that includes?

Sure. The idea was pretty simple. It started out as a thought experiment that if we never built another power plant or car or anything that burns a fossil fuel and, instead, we allowed all the ones that are out there in the world to retire according to their normal expected lifetime, how much CO2 would all of those already existing things add to the atmosphere?

And so what we did was set about collecting data on all of those different devices - power plants, cars, factories - and tried to figure out how old they were and how much CO2 they would produce. And when we did all those calculations. . .

Yeah?

turn 1 : We are already committed to climate change, so we need to focus on adapting to it.

turn 1 : The amount of CO2 that already existing things add to the atmosphere is significant.

turn 1 : A deeper understanding of climate change is needed to comprehend its effects.

turn 1 : The idea of climate change is not new but our understanding of it has improved.


Sampson Davis - make that Dr.  Sampson Davis - has a lot of his life tied up in Newark, New Jersey. And Newark and a lot of other inner cities have a lot tied up in him. Dr.  Davis wrote a previous book, "The Pact," about an agreement he made with two high school friends to become doctors. They did. And in a new book, he describes his experience in returning to be an emergency room physician in the Beth Israel Hospital in Newark - in which he was born - in a way that shines light on the particular needs of health care in inner-city America. Sampson Davis' new book is "Living and Dying in Brick City: An E. R. Doctor Returns Home. "Dr.  Sampson Davis joins us from the studios of WBGO in Newark. Thanks so much for being with us.

DR.  SAMPSON DAVIS: Oh, thank you for having me.

You know, a lot of people, with the blessings of their friends and family, would have gotten out of inner-city Newark, gone to medical school and then become a plastic surgeon in Beverly Hills. What made you come back?

You know, for me, my calling was a bit different. It was important for me to come back and to become a beacon of hope, if you will, to show young people especially that education can change a life. And it changed my life and it saved my life in so many ways.

turn 2 : "That's Dr. Steven Loyd. He's based in Nashville, Tenn. Thanks for talking with us."  The literal meaning of this turn is simply an introduction to Dr. Steven Loyd. The implied meaning is that the interview has ended and the interviewer is thanking Dr. Loyd for his time and participation.

turn 2 : In turn (3), the speaker asks Dr. Sampson Davis why he chose to come back to inner-city Newark and become an emergency room physician, even though he could have pursued a more lucrative career elsewhere. The question implies that many people would have left the inner city if they had the opportunity to do so, but Dr. Davis made a different choice.

turn 2 : A felt out of place in his new environment and struggled to fit in.

turn 2 :  The implied meaning of this turn is: Was there any particular reason for choosing this neighbourhood for your business?


Conveniently because there's an economy to forgery. You only want to give as much as required to persuade somebody that it might be the thing in itself, but never anymore because then you give people rope to hang you with. This is William Henry Ireland - not necessarily the greatest, but certainly one of the most prolific Shakespeare forgers of the late-18th century. He was later found out very quickly and wrote a confession.

Well, while we're standing here, why collect forgeries?Why collect hoaxes?

A lot of art forgery has been scholarly - treated in a scholarly way, but not literature and history in the same way. And actually, I remember talking to my colleagues about this collection and saying, perhaps now, more than ever, we ought to be attending to the subject of authenticity because we've already built another Tower of Babel. And that of course is our Internet, where any kind of discourse - true or false, and all points in between - is fair game.

We can be amused by a lot of this now, but I'm wondering if there are any forgeries here in this collection that had devastating consequences for people who believed in it.

turn 2 : This implies that in the age of the internet, it's more important than ever to focus on the subject of authenticity because it's difficult to distinguish between true and false information.

turn 2 : Authenticity is crucial for A and lack of it hurts them

turn 2 : The information does not boil down, but it gets to the most practical facts.

turn 2 : The literal meaning of this turn is that people might think news organizations are concealing information, but the actual meaning is that people might think news organizations should not be concealing information.

turn 2 : He is a reliable source of information and is knowledgeable and qualified and what he says can be trusted.


Thank you for having me.

How long have you been throwing the javelin?

I started throwing when I was 13 years old.

When you were 13 years old. . .

turn 3 : "When you were 13 years old..." - This turn is not a question about the person's age when they started throwing the javelin, but rather a way for the speaker to express surprise or disbelief about the fact that the person started throwing at such a young age. The literal meaning of the turn is a simple question about the person's age, but the intended meaning is different, as it conveys a sense of amazement or disbelief.

turn 3 : Turn (3) is an example of a statement whose meaning is different from its literal meaning. The speaker is not actually asking about the ages of the women, but rather expressing surprise or concern about how young some of them were.

turn 3 : The turn with an actual meaning different from its literal meaning is (4) "Don't try this - well, he tried it at home, I guess." This statement is a sarcastic remark that implies that the speaker thinks the project the 18-year-old completed is difficult or dangerous and that the listener should not attempt it. However, the speaker acknowledges that the 18-year-old had the audacity to try it anyway.

turn 3 : This turn is literal in meaning, as it is a straightforward question asking about the speaker's children.


The Supreme Court heard arguments this morning on SB 1070, the Arizona immigration law, which passed in 2010. The most controversial part of the legislation requires local law enforcement to check the immigration status of people they suspect of being in the United States illegally. The central question before the justices is the extent of the federal government's authority over immigration law. A decision's expected this summer and, like the decision on the health care law, could play a role in the presidential election.

David Savage, Supreme Court correspondent for The Los Angeles Times and The Chicago Tribune, joins us now by phone from his office here in Washington. David, always nice to have you with us.

Hi, Neal.

And today might - the justices - obviously, this it their last day of arguments this term, not a low-profile case.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker is trying to indirectly communicate a message or request to the listener.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be hinting at something indirectly and expects the listener to understand the intended message.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be expressing a subtle hint or suggestion, rather than stating something directly.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be conveying a hidden message or agenda that requires further exploration or analysis to fully understand.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker's use of a particular tone or emphasis suggests that they may be implying something indirectly, without stating it explicitly.


Yeah, I was looking for connection - that kind of familial intimacy that I just still didn't have. As a teenager, I went out into the world armed with my guitar and my little songs and my aggressive eye contact. And I was looking to connect with somebody else deeply.

It's so interesting - right?- that you did. You craved it. And as a result, you really looked for people's eyes. You wanted that moment of intimacy. Was it because you felt like you were an outsider in some way?

I was lonely. And yet I realized something - recording the audiobook. . .

Yeah.

turn 0 : By connection, the narrator means to bring the audience and himself together.

turn 0 : This turn expresses willingness to engage in the conversation.

turn 0 : Turn (1) has an example of a phrase whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning. When the speaker says "their head coach, John Tortorella, is entertainment in and of himself," they mean that John Tortorella is very entertaining to watch or listen to, rather than that he is a form of media or content.

turn 0 : It means the poems that the author has read, not the author herself.

turn 0 : The turn (1) "holding our neighbors hostage and making them watch 10,000 slides from our family vacation" is an example of figurative language and its actual meaning is not literal. The speaker is using exaggeration to emphasize how people have always had a desire to share their experiences with others, even if it means subjecting them to boring slideshows.


Yeah.

turn 1 : gained the friendship implies making connection and meeting new people

turn 1 : to relate to means to like something on a personal level, that you personally can like and understand.

turn 1 : As a teenager, A was seeking connection and intimacy with others

turn 1 : People of all ages can make good friends regardless of their stage in life

turn 1 : Teenagers are more likely to take advice from peers than adults


That is actually perfect. Holiday's sauce.

As opposed to hollandaise. Right, yeah.

And never regions instead of nether regions.

(Laughter). I don't - I mean, you're the only one who can say nether regions on the air. Mark Memmott, NPR's supervising senior editor for Standards & Practices. You can send him your favorite eggcorns, make up new ones at Word Matters at npr. org. Mark, thanks so much for being with us.

turn 3 : B's laughter does not have a literal meaning but is likely a response to something humorous or lighthearted in the conversation.

turn 3 : B's laughter after A's statement "And never regions instead of nether regions" is not because the statement is funny in itself, but because A used the wrong word ("regions" instead of "regions"). This mistake is called an "eggcorn," which is a term used to describe when someone substitutes a similar-sounding word for the correct one. B then mentions that only A can get away with using a term like "nether regions" on air.

turn 3 : (1) "B: (Laughter)." This turn implies that B found something funny or amusing, but it does not provide any literal information or statement.

turn 3 : The literal meaning of (3) and (4) is that A and B are laughing, but their actual meaning is that A and B are joking with each other.


Let's get back to the news organizations who weren't permitted in this briefing. Now, I gather this kind of briefing is called a gaggle. What happened?

That's right.

Were you there?What did you see?

Well, what happened is instead of the daily on-camera briefing, Sean Spicer called a gaggle so he could talk to the pool. That's the small group of reporters that go places where the entire press corps can't fit. And then they share their transcripts and their notes with everyone else in the press corps. The White House said this gaggle would have an extended pool. And turns out they invited some additional organizations, but they pointedly excluded others like CNN, The New York Times, Politico. NPR was not there.

turn 0 : White House conducts briefings in an inappropriate way.

turn 0 : The speaker may be hinting at a hidden agenda. They may be suggesting that the people they are talking to are not being completely honest and may be hiding something. This could be in a business situation, where the speaker suspects that the other party is not giving them all the information they need to make an informed decision. It could also be in a personal or romantic situation, where the speaker is suggesting that the other person is not being completely honest.

turn 0 : They want to know if the seriousness of the situation makes the government appear to be bad to the public.

turn 0 : (1) implies that the speaker wants to know what happened to the news organizations that weren't permitted in the briefing,

turn 0 : They found out the information in an indirect way from people not involved.


That's right.

Were you there?What did you see?

turn 2 :  while turn (3) implies agreement and understanding of the speaker's request.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker is hinting at something indirectly and expects the listener to read between the lines.

turn 2 : The literal meaning is that the listener doubts that they would tire of hearing from the speaker. The actual meaning is that the listener is being polite and respectful towards the speaker.

turn 2 : (3) implies that the speaker wants to know what the speaker observed,

turn 2 : So you get a sense of how this whole thing is going. - This implies that the speaker wants the listener to understand the context and overall direction of the conversation.


That's right.

Were you there?What did you see?

turn 2 : A: "You didn't see that coming." - This phrase is often used figuratively to express surprise or unexpectedness, rather than referring to literal visual perception.

turn 2 :  (4) - Implied meaning: What thoughts or feelings were you experiencing in that moment?

turn 2 : Were you there? What did you see?: Implied meaning: Did you witness what happened?

turn 2 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer


That's right.

Were you there?What did you see?

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be suggesting that there are some hidden or unknown factors that could influence the situation being discussed.

turn 3 : (4) The literal meaning of turn (4) is that the reporter contacted the Department of Justice for comment, but the implied meaning is that the reporter wants to highlight the lack of response from the Department of Justice, which can suggest a lack of transparency or accountability.

turn 3 : The information was told to others when it was not supposed to be told.

turn 3 : The actual meaning of the third turn is that the speaker is implying that the current administration is trying to prevent important information from being released, and this is why they are pushing people to contact them with information.

turn 3 : (4) implies that the speaker wants to know what happened during the gaggle and why certain news organizations were excluded.


Did you hear anything from President Obama or Speaker Boehner that screams deal to you?

As is true of so much of life, the great philosopher Yogi Berra said it best: It's deja vu all over again. This problem is what caused the debt crisis last year, with the president and his supporters saying you have to increase tax rates on the wealthy and the House Republicans saying you cannot raise tax rates on the wealthy and you have to close loopholes. If they don't figure out a way around this, we are going to have the same kind of nail-biting fight that we had last year, which resulted basically in them kicking the can and creating the fiscal cliff.

Yeah. Well, do you see room for compromise there. I mean, if you were carving the pie?

Well, here is the problem. The professor who spoke to Ari just before said that if you close loopholes on the wealthy you would collect more tax revenue. That is true. But if you're serious about closing the deficit, that is not enough. It just isn't. It doesn't create enough revenue. And that's where the Democrats have fundamentally been saying if you don't raise rates, then everything else is pointless, because it'll all be on the margins. And that's the problem.

turn 1 : (2) "It's deja vu all over again" - This phrase implies that the situation is similar to the one that occurred last year and is likely to lead to the same result.

turn 1 : It's not an insult to think about what has happened again and to make sense of it and see where things were related to each other.

turn 1 : a long time coming means something has been meaning to happen but hasn't happened until recently

turn 1 : (1) "Mr. Market feels pretty strongly that he's seen this show before." The literal meaning of this sentence is that Mr. Market has a strong feeling of déjà vu. However, the implied meaning is that Mr. Market believes the current situation or event is similar to a previous one and may have similar outcomes or patterns.

turn 1 : "they're disappearing every single day" - This phrase is a metaphorical way of saying that the stories are being lost or forgotten over time, rather than literally disappearing every day.


turn 2 : the speaker says "we're more than happy to compromise with them" but in reality, there is no indication of compromise being made or even attempted. It is more of a rhetorical statement aimed at making the speaker appear reasonable.

turn 2 : (3) "Do you see room for compromise there" - This phrase implies that there is potential for the two sides to come to an agreement.

turn 2 : don't see something in a certain way in this context is that they don't agree with something, or they don't fully understand the given situation.

turn 2 : The House is not willing to compromise, even on their own plan.


He had been released the year before - in June of 1914 - from an institution that was known as the Colored Waifs Home. And this was a reformatory - it was part reformatory, part orphanage. And Armstrong was sent there for at least the second time in early 1913 after he had been arrested for shooting a pistol into the air.

And it was at - while at that reformatory that he began to receive his first formal music instruction. He played in the marching band there. They would parade around the city and play at events on the lake and stuff like that. But when he came out, he was, you know, faced with the challenges of being 13 or 14 years old at the time and needing to provide some income for his family. He grew up in dire poverty, of course.

You take a look at this, like, 8 seconds of film, I guess it is, and maybe it's the power of suggestion, but it certainly looks like Louis Armstrong. And you (laughter) - you really do get a sense, even from this 13-year-old youngster, of just overwhelming charisma.

Yeah, that has been sort of the reaction. The overwhelming reaction to my story is - you know, I fully expected people to try to pick it apart because it's kind of a ridiculous thing to propose. But overwhelmingly, people have said, holy smokes, we think this, you know - it looks like him. He smiles the beautiful Louis Armstrong smile that later became famous. Yeah, it's been fascinating to me.

turn 0 : The man was highly involved in social events and had long-standing involvement with various organizations.

turn 0 : Growing up in an impoverished neighborhood hindered A's path to become a medical doctor.

turn 0 : A had a difficult childhood with no celebrations, and later moved in with his father who was involved in illegal activities.

turn 0 : Armstrong was sent to a reformatory multiple times and grew up in poverty.

turn 0 : People want to work hard for things.


turn 1 : Despite tough times, art will survive and music helps people cope.

turn 1 : Despite facing challenges of poverty, Armstrong received music instruction at a reformatory.

turn 1 : Why do you think people relate to music as a way of understanding and humanizing other people? What is it about music that's so special?"

turn 1 : Uber job was interesting and provided inspiration for songwriting


turn 3 : He felt like he was watching a contestant on a game show.

turn 3 : He is glad that he is not so famous that he is recognized everywhere he goes all of the time.

turn 3 : People are shocked to realize that he looks like Louis Armstrong.

turn 3 : I don't understand how America doesn't know so much about him and why Philadelphia took so long to recognize him." Implied meaning: "The person being discussed was not given the recognition and respect he deserved, and this is a failure on the part of both America and Philadelphia."

turn 3 : His work is odd and seen as very different from what people normally do and/or expect.


I think, given what we know about the internal divisions within Iran on some of these issues and the - their negotiating behavior in the past where they've made outrageous public statements and then in negotiations walk right - walked them right back, I wouldn't put too much credence in those statements at this point.

How much confidence do you have that the sanctions and the negotiations are going to be fruitful?

I think that this is going to create the best opportunity we've had in many, many years to test the seriousness of the Iranians and whether they're willing, you know, really, they're - they have a choice between either saving their economy and being part of - a viable part of the region or pursuing a nuclear weapons program that will make them a pariah, even more of a pariah than they are today. That's a pretty fundamental strategic choice. And I think we'll know in the coming weeks and months what choice they make.

Why won't deterrence and containment work with Iran?

turn 0 : to move in direction in this context means to change something

turn 0 : This made the person have to stay where they were at.

turn 0 : to move around in this context means to move from place to place, like moving from one house to another

turn 0 : "walked them right back" means retracting or withdrawing from a previously stated position, rather than physically walking backward

turn 0 : To pull back for a moment means to take a step back and consider the bigger picture.


turn 1 : The fruit is not a supermodel, it is just the perfect, good looking one of the crop.

turn 1 : The narrator has a strong appreciation for the Pitmaston Pineapple, as they have made the effort to plant their own tree to experience the taste of it.

turn 1 : going to be fruitful implies that it will be successful, the goals achieved and not referring to fruits from the trees

turn 1 : Being good at something is not enough for success.


turn 2 : The statement mean that There is possibility for Iranian government to face difficulty for survival if there is not support.

turn 2 : There will be significant concerns in the region moving forward.

turn 2 :  "a viable part of the region" means being accepted and respected by other countries in the region, rather than being physically viable.

turn 2 : The level of repression makes it hard for the country to function on all levels.

turn 2 : They need the countries to realize this is the way things should be done in other countries.


So as these bills sort of started to, once again, be introduced in state legislatures this year, the first thing on my agenda was to speak to Janet Porter and basically talk to her about why she felt this bill was important and why she was advocating for it.

And what did she say?

She said that she felt the bill was important because, as its intended effect, it would outlaw the vast majority of abortions. And more importantly, it would give the U. S.  Supreme Court an opportunity to reinterpret Roe v.  Wade.

I think many people are familiar with Roe v.  Wade, but just in the event that they are not, Roe v.  Wade provides women with the constitutional right to an abortion up to the point of what's called viability. And that's when a fetus can survive outside the womb. It's generally understood to be about 24 weeks. A full-term pregnancy is 40 weeks.

So these bills and the ability to get an abortion at about six weeks. That's before most women know they're pregnant. And the strategy from Porter is to get it before the Supreme Court, and give the Supreme Court an opportunity to reinterpret the standard by which Roe v.  Wade was decided.

So can you just tell me a little bit more about her?Like, what motivates her?Where do her ideas come from?

turn 4 : The question is whether the Court will redo the case of Roe v. Wade and change the outcome of it.

turn 4 : This implies that there is a contradiction between the state bill against abortion and  Roe v. Wade.

turn 4 : When they say "these laws are not about abortion per se" they are actually implying that this particular law IS about abortion, but arguments are being made to indicate otherwise

turn 4 : The judge ruled that the entire Affordable Care Act is unconstitutional


Yeah. Yeah, you know, and even more specifically, a black man because we really get a bad rap in mainstream media, particularly black fathers, you know. There's always the stereotype that, you know, we're not present or deadbeats, you know, et cetera, et cetera. And while obviously those situations do exist, it feels very much so that it's just like disproportionately represented in that way.

And, you know, I have a lot of friends that are young fathers, and they're all willing to do whatever it takes for their young girls. And, you know, this was just kind of me put myself in their shoes and kind of representing and also really being inspired by all these viral videos of dads doing their daughter's hair and people just really being fascinated by that.

I want to mention that before the film and the book, you were executive producer on "BlacKkKlansman. "You've done commercials. You've done music videos. Before that, you played in the NFL.

(Laughter) Yeah.

turn 0 : black kids implies children of African American people and not black colored kids

turn 0 : Black fathers are unfairly stereotyped in mainstream media.

turn 0 : The prosecution's theories are sexist and target pregnant women, particularly black women

turn 0 : A faced racism from both white and black people due to his behavior and interests not aligning with stereotypes of his skin color.

turn 0 : "this is the only place you would see lengthy stories of interest to blacks." This turn does not mean that it was the only place where black people could read stories of interest to them. It means that mainstream newspapers and radio stations did not cover stories of interest to black people extensively.


Yeah, of course. What really sealed the deal for me was when I had to pay $11. 25 to report each individual score to colleges on my list. And, of course, I believe, you know, there has to be a lot of money that goes into proctors, the readers for the essays, all that stuff. To just send scores?It doesn't cost $11 per score.

Of course, the College Board's a not-for-profit corporation.

Yeah. I mean, they pull in about $750 million-plus a year. In the last three years, there's been about a $60 million profit on average, and that's just insane.

Well, let me follow up on another part of your argument, Mr.  Tonelli. Do you think the costs of the tests deter students from applying to more than one college?And does it perhaps discourage poorer families?

turn 2 : The college president is worried about students' financial struggles.

turn 2 : The underlying implications are that elite colleges are more concerned about their own bottom line and reputation than actually providing access to higher education for all.

turn 2 : The reason behind the increase in tuition fees for public and state universities is not because of the lack of money but because of the rising costs.

turn 2 :  "but nobody is getting paid.Nobody's getting college credit for this" is a turn whose actual meaning is the same as its literal meaning. It means that the team members are not receiving any financial compensation or academic credits for their work on the project.

turn 2 : (3) A says that the College Board pulls in about $750 million-plus a year and has made an average profit of $60 million over the last three years, and that this is just insane. The actual meaning here is that the high revenue and profits generated by the College Board, a non-profit organization, are viewed as excessive and unreasonable by some people, particularly given the high costs that students and families must pay to take College Board tests.


turn 3 : Legacy admissions and college entrance exams are unfair to low-income students.

turn 3 : (4) B asks if the costs of the College Board tests deter students from applying to more than one college and if it discourages poorer families. The actual meaning here is that the high costs of the College Board tests may create barriers to higher education for students from low-income families, who may not be able to afford to take the tests multiple times or to send their scores to multiple colleges.

turn 3 : The speaker understands why universities might feel that they are paying too much. Implied Meaning: The speaker implies that universities are burdened with excessive costs, possibly related to the payment or compensation for scholarly articles, which prompts their concern about paying too much.

turn 3 : The underlying implications are that elite colleges are more concerned about their own bottom line and reputation than actually providing access to higher education for all.


So they're very competent, very professional and, quite frankly, surprisingly good. You know, we've had a tendency in this country to sort of dismiss North Korea as a backward country. But it's not. In the nuclear arena, there are two paths to the bomb. One is the plutonium path. They showed me all of that in 2004 - not very fancy but good enough. And then in 2010, they actually showed me centrifuge facility. That was simply astounding. It was a modern facility, and it was remarkable for them to have that.

One of the goals of these potential talks is the denuclearization of North Korea. Given they've got such capabilities, how likely is it to happen?

Well, first of all, I think it's not very likely to happen. What's significant in the current situation is they've actually said that they would be willing to give up nuclear weapons, you know, if their security is assured, and they're not threatened. However, to think that's going to happen in the short term is just not realistic because to build a nuclear weapons program, it's an enormous number of facilities. It's a large number of people. It took, well, more or less 50 years but particularly the last 25 years to get to where they are today. They're not going to turn that over overnight.

Well, short of full denuclearization, what other steps could North Korea take to prove, you know, its sincerity in this?

turn 0 : The United States would need to compromise and accept a nuclear-armed North Korea.

turn 0 : North Korea is not as backward as we tend to believe.

turn 0 : The speaker implies that propping up the North Korean regime may lead to negative consequences in the long term, despite short-term stability.

turn 0 : China is willing to support North Korea's terrible regime to prevent its collapse and the horrible situation that might ensue

turn 0 : The reality of the war with North Korea does not seem like a realistic threat to South Koreans due to their fast-paced and materialistic lifestyle.


Well, I think the water infrastructure we have in this country is seriously neglected. I mean, all infrastructure acts as a foundation for economic prosperity, but water is especially important. It does live in this different world where it's so intrinsic and folks expect that we're going to have clean, fresh water any time you turn on the tap. But given the fact that it's buried, it's literally underground, it's easy to ignore. And while we have large infrastructure problems in this country, the water infrastructure problems loom particularly large.

So we don't see them, perhaps even can't taste them. It's not until they - well, that just makes it easier for problems to hide in a sense.

Exactly. And some of these systems are, you know, were built 100 years ago. Some of the pipes are made out of wood. Some of them were built in the time when metropolitan areas were expanding and decentralizing. And just - we just need to reinvest in these existing systems. But because we don't do a good job in this country investing in the infrastructure that's already built - we do a good job building new stuff - we don't do a good job taking care of what's on the ground. Things like water infrastructure are seriously neglected.

I don't think any city likes to hear - but you have to spend more money.

turn 0 : The permit system for industrial farms is flawed and allows companies to discharge waste into streams and rivers without much enforcement.

turn 0 : We are already committed to climate change, so we need to focus on adapting to it.

turn 0 : This just means that the company is not progressing at all - it does not mean that it is actually 'dead in the water'

turn 0 : The "finger in the dike strategy, keep the water out and eventually things will recover" is not actually talking about water leaking out of a dam, but rather a declining bank that needed a solution to a financial drain problem

turn 0 : Water infrastructure is a critical yet underappreciated aspect of our economy and daily lives, and requires more attention and investment.


turn 1 : The water is so clean that it is safe to drink.

turn 1 : People in the past used to consume radioactive water as a cure for various health problems, but it turned out to be fatal.

turn 1 : In Turn 2, the speaker is implying that even though the incident in West Virginia was unfortunate, it is still a testament to the quality of drinking water in the US, as similar incidents rarely occur.

turn 1 : The invisibility and tastelessness of water problems make it easier for them to go unnoticed and unaddressed, leading to potential risks to public health and safety.

turn 1 : hot water implies being in trouble and difficult situation, not of a very high temperature liquid


turn 3 : Moving a million people to a sparsely populated area may harm the environment despite the government's plans for green development.

turn 3 : The statement of A implied that he is suggesting investing in companies that are working to address the problem of lack of clean water

turn 3 : Investing in offshore oil and gas drilling may not effectively ensure sufficient energy supplies in the future.

turn 3 : Investing in neglected water infrastructure requires a willingness to allocate resources and prioritize maintenance over building new infrastructure, which may be unpopular among some stakeholders.

turn 3 : "And the fact is we could certainly treat water if we wanted to, to the point where there's nothing in it, but we wouldn't be willing to pay the cost."  The literal meaning of this turn is that it is possible to treat water to the point where there are no contaminants in it, but the cost would be too high for people to be willing to pay for it. The actual meaning is the same as the literal meaning, and there is no figurative language or idiomatic expression used.


With more tariffs looming in the U. S. -China trade war, American companies are growing more pessimistic about the outlook for doing business in China. But 87% of U. S.  firms with operations in China say they still haven't moved production to another country, and they have no plans to do so. That's according to a new survey from the U. S. -China Business Council.

To find out why most plan to stay put, we've called up Jay Foreman. He's the CEO of Basic Fun. It's the toy company that makes K'Nex, Lincoln Logs, Cutetitos and Pound Puppies.

Jay Foreman, welcome.

Thank you. Glad to be here.

So I understand that currently 90% of your products are manufactured in China. Tell me why. What benefits does China offer you to base your manufacturing there?

turn 1 : The implied meaning of (2) is to ask why the mayor is not taking responsibility for his actions and resigning, rather than asking why he isn't simply stepping away from the role.

turn 1 : The speaker is suggesting that there may be a hidden agenda or underlying motive behind their words.

turn 1 : (2) Implied Meaning: Is this the overall goal we are striving towards?

turn 1 : To find out why most plan to stay put is an implied meaning. Information from Jay Foreman will not actually reveal why the companies are not leaving.

turn 1 : The implied meaning in this turn is that B is suggesting that Rob Kuznia should be hopeful of getting a job offer from a big-time newspaper editor.


Jay Foreman, welcome.

Thank you. Glad to be here.

turn 4 : Many goods are made in Asian factories and sold to consumers at high markups.

turn 4 : China will retaliate by targeting American consumers and make President Trump politically pay a price

turn 4 : What is China offering you to keep using them to manufacture the products?

turn 4 : The US does not have enough low-skilled labor to bring production back and imposing tariffs will make it difficult to manufacture products in China.


And when we went to the break, you were saying that one of the advantages of storing it in DNA is once you make it, it will last a very long time.

That's right, and you gave the example in your introduction that - one of the examples that we like to use, it's quite well-known, you know, there's been these Neanderthal samples found, and they can get DNA out of there and read the DNA in technical - we call it we sequence the DNA. And those samples from Neanderthals, or another great example is wooly mammoth, they get samples routinely from 10,000- or 20,000- or 50,000-year-old mammoths.

And that's not even a carefully controlled sample. That's just, you know, a mammoth that laid down and died somewhere cold.

I'm sorry for the mammoth. So - but if you took your DNA, you would store it in a controlled environment somewhere, or does it not need that?If the mammoth is lying in the ice. . .

turn 0 : Turn (1) has an example of a phrase whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning. When the speaker says "their head coach, John Tortorella, is entertainment in and of himself," they mean that John Tortorella is very entertaining to watch or listen to, rather than that he is a form of media or content.

turn 0 : The literal meaning of the turn only provides information about the showrunners, but the actual meaning involves the compromise and the speaker's feelings about it.

turn 0 : go on break in this context means the show went to commercials, as its commonly called a commercial break

turn 0 : on and off means in this context that they are doing something then not doing something

turn 0 : The narrator said there's no ads as in interruptions from A's mind. He wants an explanation to why he took the job.


turn 3 : "I'm sorry for the mammoth" is a joke. The mammoth in question died a long time ago. 'B' isn't actually sad for the creature.

turn 3 : B is sarcastically suggesting that the reason A didn't cry was that they were not affected emotionally by the movie.

turn 3 : B is surprised with the number of specimens.

turn 3 : "Oh, I'm sorry" implies an expression of sympathy for the loss of the doctor's Weimaraner, rather than an apology.

turn 3 : (4) Seriously? could mean that B is surprised, does not believe, or is challenging A's statement.


Back now with Day to Day and our conversation with Iranian author Azar Nafisi. I spoke with her about her new memoir.

The title of your book is "Things I've Been Silent About," and one of those things that you've been silent about until now was being sexually abused at a very young age. You were six years old, when a cleric who was visiting your house molested you, and you allude to other men also abusing you later. How did you come to terms with that, and how are you able to write about it?

He was not a cleric; he was a very religious man.

(Laughing) He was maybe worse than some clerics actually.

turn 1 : Don't just paraphase the words! Find the implicated meaning! We don't want answers like: to be silent means stay quiet and not making noise, bad answer!  Please read the examples above carefully!      (1)	B:	Oh, it smells delicious. (2)	A:	Vegetal. (3)	B:	It's totally vegetal. (4)	A:	(Laughter).  Please choose the turns whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings.   (1)  (2)  (3)  (4)

turn 1 : It doesn't actually speak, but it it does mean that nothing good comes from the information.

turn 1 : to be silent about something is to not talk about something, or to keep something a secret

turn 1 : give away in this context means to tell someone something without much warning, usually a secret

turn 1 : heard the message meaning seen what was meant by the actions of


From the studios of NPR West, this is Day to Day. I'm Alex Cohen. This Thanksgiving Day, we'll hear how food banks are innovating to meet the needs of the hungry in the U. S.  That's just ahead. First, though, we go to Mumbai, India, where coordinated terrorist attacks began last night, killing more than 100 people. The attacks occurred throughout the city at sites like the Oberoi and Taj Mahal Hotels. Arif Doctor is a lawyer living in Mumbai. We reached him today at his home and asked what the city looks like.

From my home, we're seeing or hearing presently nothing. Last night, we heard three explosions, which we were told were hand grenades, at about midnight and half past one in the morning. And we were told those were hand grenades thrown out of the Oberoi Hotel.

Do you know anyone personally who has been at any of these sites that have come under attack?

We do. We know someone. I'm a lawyer, and there's another fellow lawyer - two fellow lawyers who are in the Oberoi, very senior lawyers who are in the Oberoi. We had contact with them til about four, five in the morning. And after that, we've heard nothing from them. They were in a restaurant which is on the ground floor of the Oberoi. One is called the Tiffin and the other Kandahar. And since that time, we've had no contact with them.

turn 1 : The authorities are not revealing the actual cause of the explosion.

turn 1 : the situation in Mumbai is so tense and unpredictable that even small sounds like explosions can cause fear and panic.

turn 1 : The authorities are trying to stop the panic and the meeting is a test to see if they can do more than just plan for the long term.

turn 1 : "It's very scary, obviously, because the airstrikes come at any time." - The literal meaning is that the airstrikes are unpredictable and can happen at any moment, causing fear and uncertainty among the people. The actual meaning may also convey a sense of desperation or helplessness in the face of the ongoing conflict.

turn 1 : The situation is so dangerous that people who refuse to evacuate should identify themselves in case of death.


turn 3 : The speaker tried to protect themselves from danger.

turn 3 :  (4) implies that the speaker is facing a difficult living situation.

turn 3 : The authorities are trying to stop the panic and the meeting is a test to see if they can do more than just plan for the long term.

turn 3 : The speaker is not asking why the person wants to see the shooter walking into and out of the hotel, but instead is asking why the person is so interested in getting information about the event in general.

turn 3 :  the speaker is worried about the safety and well-being of their friends who were at the Oberoi hotel during the attack. The lack of contact with them since the early morning is causing anxiety and uncertainty.


I would suggest the European Union needs to be there. I would suggest the Arabs need to be there in various configurations. So I think we need to do that. And I think we need to be much more cognizant of the fact that Syrians are really fearful of the future even more than they are of this hideous Assad regime.

And I want to make very clear, I have absolutely no sense that this guy, Assad, should, you know, lead that country in the future. I'm just saying, from the practical task of trying to enlist various factions, you might start with doing that rather than delisting various factions.

Well, it was interesting, the - I think the first effort involved the Kofi Annan effort sponsored by the United Nations. And they're broke down over the insistence by Mr.  Assad and his backers, including Russia, that he be part of the transition.

Yeah. Well, there's no question that Assad made Kofi's job almost impossible. But, you know, we're now well over a year after that, and I think if there are better coordination with whoever the envoy is, if it's another Kofi, if it's Secretary Kerry or some former senate colleague, say, of Secretary Kerry, I think you could kind of work with the Russians to say, OK, we're going to propose this. Assad won't like it. But Russians, do you agree with what we're doing?If you do, we'd like you to put a little heat on Assad to get him at least not to explicitly oppose it.

turn 3 : .The situation was potentially dangerous and uncomfortable, with the darkness and cold adding to the tension.

turn 3 : feeling the heat implies to experience difficulty

turn 3 : Putting a little heat on actually means to make trouble for  and pressure Assad.

turn 3 : B is implying that the situation is challenging and nerve-wracking for those involved in the operation, not necessarily that A and their team are nervous.

turn 3 : (4) Implied meaning: The United States has to choose between Assad and ISIS, and it should prioritize the destruction of ISIS.


The MIT Media Lab has been under fire for the past several weeks for its financial links to deceased sex offender Jeffrey Epstein. The lab's director, Joi Ito, initially said he had accepted $525,000 and more for his own private tech investment funds from Epstein, and he apologized. Now The New Yorker has detailed the lengths to which the MIT lab went to conceal its acceptance of millions of dollars more in gifts arranged by Epstein. Today, Ito formally resigned, writing, quote, "after giving the matter a great deal of thought over the past several days and weeks, I think that it is best that I resign as director of the media lab and as a professor and employee of the institute, effective immediately" - unquote. Joining us to talk about this is NPR media correspondent David Folkenflik from New York.

David, welcome back. Thanks for joining us.

My pleasure.

Could you just walk us through the scale of this?How far did MIT go to conceal their ties with Jeffrey Epstein?

turn 0 : The connection with Jeffrey Epstein caused me to lose job opportunities

turn 0 : Joi Ito received money from Jeffrey Epstein, leading to his resignation from the Media Lab.

turn 0 : Jeffrey Epstein was wealthy and showing off while I was struggling to feed myself

turn 0 : The speaker is highlighting the severity of the allegations against Jeffrey Epstein and warning the listeners that the details may be upsetting.

turn 0 : Epstein's death was a very emotional and upsetting event for A


My pleasure.

turn 1 : joining us implies being part of an activity and not being to mix up

turn 1 : joining us implies being part of a program or activity and not referring to mixing or attaching people together

turn 1 : joining us implies being a part or a participant


My pleasure.

turn 3 : The connection with Jeffrey Epstein caused me to lose job opportunities

turn 3 : Jeffrey Epstein was wealthy and showing off while I was struggling to feed myself

turn 3 : There is concern that there was illegal activity on Epstein's ranch in New Mexico and the investigation will be thorough

turn 3 : MIT concealed their financial ties with Jeffrey Epstein.


This report also looked at who could possibly pose this sort of threat, where they're based. What were the findings there?

Al-Qaeda is probably still the lead terrorist group. There are others, as we're seeing, or could be seeing, in India right now. Some of them are regional in nature, but the problem is that these terrorists all have organizationally the sophistication to get the technology to use one of these weapons. And we know that they have the desire to do it.

Now, we don't think they have the capability yet, but they have the sophistication to get it. And it terms of bio, if they recruit the right, you know, bio scientist or two, they get the technical capability.

Do the recent bombings last week in Mumbai add any weight to this report?

turn 1 : Al-Qaeda has no nuclear material, but they are the CIA's top nuclear concern.

turn 1 : ISIS in Afghanistan is a threat through high-profile attacks

turn 1 : Al-Qaeda is the most likely terrorist group to use weapons

turn 1 : Nuclear terrorism is not just about the possibility of terrorists acquiring and using nuclear weapons, but also about the fear and imagination surrounding the threat.

turn 1 : ISIS in Afghanistan kills civilians unlike the Taliban


turn 1 : Al-Qaeda is the most likely terrorist group to use weapons, but there are others with organization and desire.

turn 1 : Continuing the discussion on non-governmental entities, particularly terrorist organizations


Africa is a continent wanting to change something. You know, everybody have to think what to do to give best future for the Africa, give hope to the young in Africa. And African young can have hope in Africa and make something in Africa and believe in Africa.

You've seen so much of the world. But why don't you take us to your childhood in Mali. And it's a country I've always wanted to visit. I've never been there, but I love the musical traditions and the long history of it being a nation with a lot of learning. What was it like for you growing up, and when did you start playing music?

I grew up in Mali, normally, like, with mother and father, you know what I mean, a lot of brothers and sisters. We are all together in the same house and is a great time, because is really happiness and very hot. Hot relationship and then a lot of good grand, grand ambience.

Well, let me jump in and ask you, when did you start playing music?What did you start playing and how old were you?

turn 2 : The speaker is implying that he had a very happy and loving family life while growing up in Mali.

turn 2 : Literal meaning: The speaker expresses gratitude to Laleh Khadivi for being present in the conversation to discuss her novel "A Good Country."

turn 2 : that the acquaintance between the two people had grown over the years.

turn 2 : The actual meaning of (3) is, A is expressing a feeling of sadness and nostalgia over the loss of a loved one.

turn 2 : This turn is literal in meaning, as it is a straightforward question asking about the speaker's children.


turn 2 :  Tell us a bit about your life, could you, and your family.

turn 2 : The home became where the family would all get together at and where they felt the most love.

turn 2 : A had a happy childhood in Mali with a big family and hot weather

turn 2 : The children in the war had to face and endure many difficult and tragic things.