So, over a matter of time you're looking for larger trends. How has the average of all the polls moved over time. And say, Alex.

Yeah?

Did you hear the one about the three pollsters who went duck hunting?

No, I didn't.

So, the three pollsters go duck hunting, and the first one fires and misses the flock of ducks high. And the next one fires and misses the flock of ducks low. And the third pollster shouts, We got them.

turn 2 : A is trying to add some humor to the conversation

turn 2 : A is telling a joke instead of discussing the topic

turn 2 : A did not want to talk about the topic for too long

turn 2 : She is agreeing that they debated and making it humorous.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: This turn's use of humor or sarcasm may indicate a deeper subtext or intention, highlighting the potential for indirect communication to convey complex messages.


I suspect that more than a wee dram has been ingested in Scotland, particularly over the past few months, between people grousing about being under the thumb of London and the U. K. In the end, did a lot of Scots decide they kind of like the English?

I really don't think this is a kind of loving of Britain. I think that we had a double negative affect here rather than a positive embrace of what's British. It was more to do with a fear of how we might mess up if we go it alone, I think. There is just something within the Scottish psyche, I think. It's fairly confrontational, the psychology of the Scots. We tend to not wholeheartedly embrace something and say, you know, oh God, we love being British or we love you or, you know, we'll say, ah, you're not bad. You know, that's a very Scottish expression. I think that's what we've done with England and the rest of the U. K.  You know what; it's not that bad rather than suddenly discovering our Britishness.

Ewan Morrison, author and screenwriter, author of "Tales From The Mall," joining us from Glasgow, Scotland - still the U. K. Thanks very much for being with us.

Thank you for having me.

turn 1 : "We tried for about two and a half years. And I had this fear that with every step we took, we would learn something that would confirm my fear that I couldn't have a baby."  Implicated meaning: The speaker struggled with infertility and was afraid that each step in their journey towards having a baby would confirm their fear that they were unable to conceive.

turn 1 :  Implied meaning: There is a fear of the spread of Zika, malaria, cholera, and other diseases due to the lack of access to aid.

turn 1 : The implied meaning is that the demise of all people on earth is not a reason to be optimistic.

turn 1 :  "It was more to do with a fear of how we might mess up if we go it alone" - The actual meaning is figurative, as the fear of the unknown future is not a physical object that can be "done" or "messed up", but rather a concept or emotion.


Thank you for having me.

turn 3 : Thank you so much for having me." - The literal meaning is the speaker thanking the host for having them, and the implied meaning is likely just gratitude and politeness.

turn 3 :  A: "Thanks, really, for having me." - The literal meaning of this turn is an expression of gratitude for being invited to participate. The actual meaning is that the speaker appreciates the opportunity to share their knowledge and expertise on the topic at hand.

turn 3 :  The literal meaning of (4) is "Thanks for having me."  The actual meaning is "Thank you for the opportunity."

turn 3 :  the literal meaning is that the host is thanking the guest for being with them. However, the actual meaning is that the host is ending the interview and thanking the guest for participating.

turn 3 : "Thank you for having me." - The actual meaning is figurative, as the speaker is not physically being "had" or possessed by the host, but rather expressing gratitude for the opportunity to participate in the conversation.


You put us on this boat. I don't know when I'm going to get off. You flooded the Earth. Everybody else is dead. So explain that. She seems aggravated with God.

Yeah. I think she's so flummoxed by how they've gotten into this position. And why her?And why not others?And what it could mean - all these conversations that he seems to have with other people and not with her. And she - and yet to keep putting her in positions of godliness, where she's in charge of everything. And she has to make sure things survive. And yet she doesn't get to hear his reasoning or know him. And yeah, so I think she's coming from a point of just utter frustration at the start of the book. And then she's learning how to deal with that over the course of it.

I mean this next comment in the nicest way. But this is a very weird and strange book, right?There's supernatural elements. You play with the timeline. We go back and forth from the past to the future. There's an angel. There's a dead woman who makes appearances. Was weirdness what you were after?How did that come to be?

Yeah. That's got to be my favorite word.

turn 2 : He is asking for a historical recap, not literal time travel

turn 2 : There is not an actual timeline but some things do change in time in the book that affect the future and the past.

turn 2 : a long time coming means something has been meaning to happen but hasn't happened until recently

turn 2 : a request for a reminder of the timeline of events leading up to the current situation.


Oriental is the most beautiful place, and we are called the sailing capital of North Carolina because we must have 2,500 sailboats and 900 people.

Oriental is a healthy town it sounds like.

Oh, yeah, we're a booming town. And our community is so wonderful. Our churches were all coming together to try to get something solved. Like, there's people that don't have a driver's license, or they've got to have their medicine, so our local church has got a van, and we're going to get people their groceries and medicine. So we have all kind of volunteering to get something going.

When did the Wal-Mart Express move into town?

turn 3 : The implied meaning of this turn is that A is implying that the way media is consumed has changed drastically, and this could lead to the failure of the American experiment.

turn 3 : The implied meaning in turn (3) is that the author saw a lack of knowledge among young people in their community about their own cultural history and wanted to address this deficit by creating a book with images and information about that history.

turn 3 : Turn (3) describes the discovery of clues that led to the unraveling of the scandal, which is consistent with its literal meaning.

turn 3 : The implied meaning of this turn is that people are worried that the reconstruction of historical sites, while intended to preserve them, may actually erase the original context and erase the history that was connected to them.

turn 3 :  The turn contains multiple layers of meaning, including both explicit and implicit information, and its true significance can only be fully understood through careful analysis of its context and subtext.


Thank you. Thank you for saying snot-like. Not a - I don't believe we've had that phrase on our show before. So what is there. . .

It's a first.

What is there about this delightful mucus of the tongue?

Well, we spent a few years studying the frog tongue.

turn 1 : as it is the only turn with an implied meaning different from its literal meaning.

turn 1 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer

turn 1 : The turn in (2) is a figurative expression and its actual meaning is different from its literal meaning.

turn 1 : (3) is a short form of "I will," meaning "I understand," indicating agreement with the speaker's sentiment.

turn 1 :  (2) A: It's a first. - Implied meaning: This phrase is new and has not been used before.


It's a first.

turn 2 : ) B: Tongue-wise, what does this accomplish? - Implication: What practical purpose does this serve?

turn 2 : The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker has become used to working with frogs and can even enjoy eating frog legs as part of the study.

turn 2 :  (3) B: What is there about this delightful mucus of the tongue? - Implied meaning: What interesting properties does frog tongue mucus have?

turn 2 : cross-pollinate implies to understand and digest things

turn 2 : (3) is a sign of amusement, indicating the speaker was laughing at the metaphor.


It's a first.

turn 3 : implies that A and their team had been studying the frog tongue for a few years.

turn 3 : The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker has become used to working with frogs and can even enjoy eating frog legs as part of the study.

turn 3 : This turn is literal in meaning, as it is a straightforward question asking about the speaker's children.

turn 3 : The literal meaning of (3) and (4) is that A and B are laughing, but their actual meaning is that A and B are joking with each other.


One of the things that struck me is some of the comments by some of the women. They don't necessarily see themselves as beautiful. They did not see in themselves the thing that you saw in them. Did you find that to be common?I'm thinking in particular of the sisters from Switzerland with the red hair who said they'd been made fun of as children because of the color of their hair. And you were drawn to them.

During the project, I did realize that women that I photographed were not confident in their way of being. So whenever I posted their picture on my social media, we got a lot of comments and positive reaction from the people. So the women that I photographed, after that, they realized how beautiful they are. That was extraordinary for them and for me because it gives them confidence.

How did this project change you?

I'm much more confident. I'm much more respectful of what the other women in the world have to go through every day because the life is so difficult in so many parts of the world. And this project was a huge gift in my life. And this is why I'm trying to put it out there in the world for people to understand that the world is extremely beautiful. And we should really appreciate everything that's happening in our life.

turn 0 : The 'it' that the woman held up is not referring to a physical object, but a photograph

turn 0 : The photograph had a strong emotional impact on me

turn 0 : The women that were photographed did not see themselves as beautiful before the project

turn 0 : The speaker is expressing their opinion about the actress's ability to get roles in Hollywood as an African-American woman, and how they didn't think she was a good fit for the particular movie. The literal meaning of the words used in the turn may not convey the speaker's actual opinion or intended message.

turn 0 : In Turn (4), when A says, "And then I look silly in it," they are not suggesting that they are physically looking at themselves while taking the photo, but rather that they appear foolish or ridiculous in the photo.


How did this project change you?

turn 1 :  My experience with my level of confidence has been a bit of a roller coaster ride. I started out quite shy and timid, but over time I have been able to gain more and more confidence. I have found that the more I put myself out there and take risks, the more confident I become. I have been involved in activities such as public speaking, volunteering, and even starting my own business, which has all helped to boost my confidence.

turn 1 : Posting their pictures on social media helped the women gain confidence

turn 1 :  "get your confidence up" is an idiom that means to increase one's self-assurance or self-esteem, rather than literally raising something up.

turn 1 : ISIS crimes did not make some women lose confidence

turn 1 : how she became herself implies the story of her discovery and success


How did this project change you?

turn 3 : The speaker does not conform to traditional gender roles.

turn 3 : It may be a way to give attention to women trying to break into science.

turn 3 : The project gave the speaker more respect for the struggles of women around the world

turn 3 : The speaker is worried that their work may contribute to the stereotype that black people are oversexualized.

turn 3 : The comment made by 'she' had a significant impact on A


So let me ask you because eating the supermodel of the fruit world doesn't sound like necessarily a bad thing. You've written a book about this kind of stuff, "Bet The Farm: How Food Stopped Being Food. "Is food part of the problem?Has it become less nutritious?Is it just good-looking and less good for us?

I think that the argument among the dietitians is that, yes, the higher sugar content is robbing food of a lot of its nutritional value. And I also think there is a tradition in America of somehow seeking perfection through our food, that somehow, if we eat right, we will make ourselves mentally and spiritually better. And so, of course, if we see row after row of perfectly glistening, absolutely gorgeous, completely look-alike apples, we think, yeah. I want that.

But fruit is still good for humans?

Of course, eat like your grandmother told you to eat - is probably the best advice.

turn 0 : the fruit isn't actual superstars; they aren like supermodels and elite athletes like LeBron James;

turn 0 : going to be fruitful implies that it will be successful, the goals achieved and not referring to fruits from the trees

turn 0 : The fruit is not a supermodel, it is just the perfect, good looking one of the crop.

turn 0 : The actual meaning implied here could be that whatever "it" refers to has a strong presence or quality of plant-like characteristics. It might not necessarily mean that "it" is literally made of plants or vegetables.


Ocasio-Cortez is the democratic socialist, just shy of 30, who unseated a top Democrat in 2018. She's soared to prominence as a critic of the president and sometimes of Democrats. She pushed the party on climate, throwing her sudden fame behind the Green New Deal. And today, she releases anti-poverty proposals. Her bills would open social benefits to all people, even undocumented immigrants. She also calls to change the way the federal government measures poverty. She wants the federal poverty line to be higher in some places than others.

You may be making a certain amount in New York City or in Washington, D. C. , that is enough in other parts of the country, but you are effectively living in poverty, and so we need to account for geographic variation as well.

It seems to me that the things that you like about that proposal are the very things that make it politically difficult.

Absolutely.

turn 0 : How important is this for the person and also they want to know if they are different now that they are older.

turn 0 : just shy of 30 means the person is almost 30-years-old.

turn 0 : Age is just a number and doesn't define how one feels

turn 0 : B is asking about your age, not your grade.

turn 0 : I'm afraid in this context means that the person doesn't like what they are saying but its true


Was the jet stream actually screening out the cold air?Do I have that right?

Pretty much. The jet stream is typically the dividing line between the warm tropical air to the south and the cold, Arctic air to the north. And for the most part, it had retreated to close to the Canadian border for large parts of the winter.

Hmm. What about the "Farmers' Almanac"?I have to admit that I like picking it up and looking at it, and I sort of - I'm hesitant to even ask. Is there any science backing it up?

Well, I think the "Farmers' Almanac," they do look at some of the same things that NOAA look at, that AccuWeather looks at, as well as the Capital Weather Gang, when developing their outlooks. At the same time, they're using some more suspect features like sun spots and planetary alignments and things like that, which have never been proven to have any real predictive skill in terms of forecasting the weather in the long range.

turn 1 : The jet stream separates warm and cold air

turn 1 : No one is currently out due to the strong winds

turn 1 : 1) is a statement about air conditioners and furnaces breaking down in extreme weather conditions.

turn 1 : a breath of fresh air implies a great relief and freedom

turn 1 : (2) - The actual meaning is that the Trump administration is facing criticism for their use of private jets, which goes against their promise to "drain the swamp" and reduce government corruption.


turn 1 : There has been a long-term warming trend resulting in the Arctic ice melt.

turn 1 : The jet stream separates warm tropical air and cold Arctic air.

turn 1 : Hurricanes are becoming more dangerous due to climate change.

turn 1 : The Arctic may have pockets of ice even when it appears ice-free


Peter Beinart has written an article for The Atlantic in which he says that the hard attitudes of secular people might be harsher than those of religious groups. He joined us from New York City yesterday afternoon. Mr.  Beinart, thanks so much for being with us. Thank you. We often tie secularism to young people and to tolerance. Is that misguided?

It can be misguided. To be clear, I'm not talking about secularism per se in the sense that a lot of people I'm talking about do believe in God. But there's that percentage who regularly attend church or another religious institution has declined a lot. And what you see is that conservatives who don't regularly attend church may be more supportive of gay marriage and drug legalization than those who do regularly attend church.

But there's some evidence that they're actually more anti-immigrant and perhaps more racially resentful. And we know that it's - Donald Trump did best among conservatives who don't regularly attend church. In fact, I think that shift is part of the reason that he won the Republican nomination.

Well, there are people both liberals and conservatives who for years have resisted being put - well, here I just called them liberals or conservatives - resisted pigeonholes, saying, look, you know, just because I believe in abortion rights doesn't mean I believe something about an economic issue or vice versa.

turn 3 : Implies that religion is an important factor in the speaker's life, not just a literal question about religion.

turn 3 : This statement implies that there is a disagreement between A who is a religious person and the Activists who have different opinions about how faith works.

turn 3 :  The implied meaning of this question is that people often associate certain ideologies with specific beliefs. However, this turn suggests that people should not be pigeonholed into a certain belief system based on one issue.

turn 3 : People should not put too much faith in any single person or institution to solve all of their problems.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: Some people find it controversial to accept that God loves everyone equally.


And you know, we still have, you know, we have horse farms. We have a couple of dairy farms left. In fact there's one dairy farm, the Ferris Acres Creamery, which people come from miles around it to have their ice cream. It's - they make it there. And you know, and we have hunters. And we have a couple of game, you know, hunting preserves around town. We still are in touch with that part of our tradition.

And does everybody's kids - do everybody's kids go to that particular elementary school?

No. We have, I believe, four elementary schools that feed into an intermediate school. So we have the Sandy Hook Elementary School. We have Hawley School, Middle Gate School, and the Head O'Meadow School. And my children went to the Head O'Meadow School, where I actually was in the graduating class when it first - when we first built that building in 1977. I still remember, I think, we buried some "Star Wars" paraphernalia in the front yard.

A time capsule.

turn 0 : A civilization that has become unknown to other civilizations over the years.

turn 0 : There are informal groups in the town that are not identified openly

turn 0 : The implied meaning of the first turn is that people have become apathetic to the problems facing the city and are not taking action.

turn 0 : Despite the progress and growth in the South, there are still underlying issues that need to be addressed.

turn 0 : The town still has a strong connection to its agricultural and hunting heritage.


A time capsule.

turn 0 : The food in a region is influenced by its religion and proximity to other countries.

turn 0 : The church is unique and busy, unlike any other church in the city and very few in Europe.

turn 0 : All they have is the way of life that takes place outside of buildings.

turn 0 : The town has farms and preserves as part of its tradition.


A time capsule.

turn 3 : Memories of the past can be bittersweet and chasing them can be a futile effort.

turn 3 : The implied meaning of this turn is that people are worried that the reconstruction of historical sites, while intended to preserve them, may actually erase the original context and erase the history that was connected to them.

turn 3 : The burying of Star Wars paraphernalia was a way of preserving their memories for future generations.

turn 3 : The children in the war had to face and endure many difficult and tragic things.

turn 3 : Memory should never be watered down or forgotten.Memory is the source of peace and the future. - This implies that it is important to remember the past in order to build a peaceful future.


What is your guideline?When do you tell an officer he or she has to start recording?

NOPD policy requires them to record the entire encounter until any police action has ceased. So what we're finding out though sometimes the cameras aren't on. Sometimes they aren't wearing the cameras. And those are clear violations, but then there were also supervisors telling officers things like turn it off during, you know, sensitive matters, but not defining what a sensitive matter could be.

We're also hearing complaints that only parts of interactions are being recorded. That's one of the things we're hearing now. So the misconduct is occurring off-camera, but then they're recording, you know, perfectly professional encounters on camera. So that's one of the things we're also hearing now. And. . .

That's a big complaint and, of course, you wouldn't have any - ironically or incongruously - you wouldn't have a video record of that misconduct, but you would have a video record of them doing it right.

turn 0 : Implied meaning: The speaker is indirectly suggesting that they may have information or opinions that they are hesitant to share openly.

turn 0 : (1) has an implied meaning that is different from its literal meaning. The literal meaning is that the speaker is asking if there is any sign of improvement in the situation being discussed, but the implied meaning is that the situation is bad and the speaker is hoping for some positive news or indication that things will get better.

turn 0 : Implied meaning: The speaker's tone and word choice suggest that they may be withholding information or expressing something indirectly, potentially due to fear of judgement or repercussions.

turn 0 : The speaker may be hinting at a hidden agenda. They may be suggesting that the people they are talking to are not being completely honest and may be hiding something. This could be in a business situation, where the speaker suspects that the other party is not giving them all the information they need to make an informed decision. It could also be in a personal or romantic situation, where the speaker is suggesting that the other person is not being completely honest.

turn 0 : Implied meaning: The speaker is hinting at an underlying issue or concern that they are not comfortable discussing directly.


turn 1 : The premise of body camera footage is good, but government officials and police officials push against making it public, which goes against the transparency of police interactions.

turn 1 : Reporters are in dangerous situations but being cautious

turn 1 : Officers are not following NOPD policy, which requires them to always record the entire encounter until any police action has ceased, and instead are turning off their cameras during what they consider to be "sensitive matters" without defining what this means.

turn 1 : A case of police brutality is being investigated and all involved are subject to that investigation


turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker is expressing a sense of frustration or dissatisfaction with a situation or person, without explicitly stating it.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be expressing their dissatisfaction or disappointment in a subtle or indirect way, rather than stating it directly.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker is expressing their disappointment or dissatisfaction with the outcome of a situation or decision, without directly stating it.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker is making a subtle suggestion or insinuation that others may pick up on, but without being too direct or forceful.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker might be implying a hidden agenda or ulterior motive behind their words, actions, or decisions, without making it explicit.


turn 2 : The reporter tries to avoid getting caught up in the action.

turn 2 : Officers are selectively recording only parts of interactions, thereby hiding misconduct that occurs off-camera and only recording interactions that appear to be professional.

turn 2 : In (4), the speaker asks if the other person can recall a scene that accurately portrays suspects' behavior when questioned by the police. The implied meaning is that the speaker is interested in finding examples of suspects speaking to the police despite having the right to remain silent, possibly to better understand the phenomenon.

turn 2 : Implies that the judge believes that the shooting was done out of self-defense, even though others may say differently.

turn 2 : The speaker suggests that a junior officer may have been responsible for the action, not a higher-ranking official.


It's not unusual for a new president to shed some of the staff that comes in with him in the first year. You know, people from the campaign, for example, who don't fit in in the new environment. But this is the earliest we've ever seen a chief of staff go. And this many departees at this high level, it's hard to think of an analog in the first six months of any other administration.

OK.  A really big legislative story this week with the Senate failing to repeal the Affordable Care Act. Is that effort dead as in really, really, really dead?

It is dead for the moment. You know, the president has been tweeting in the last 24 hours about killing the filibuster rule because it's too hard to get to 60 votes. You know, on this bill, all they needed was 50 votes and they could not get to 50 votes. And the real problem here is not process. It's the problem. They don't have consensus on health care. So it looks dead in the Senate, at least for the moment, but it could be revived in the longer run.

And just quickly, we could have started our conversation with North Korea or Russia. The world is out there, isn't it?

turn 1 : The implied meaning of the speaker's response to the question of overturning the Affordable Care Act is that they don't only want to do away with it, but also to replace it with something better.

turn 1 : The literal meaning of (4) is asking what North Korea wants to achieve with nuclear weapons. The implicated meaning is questioning why North Korea wants nuclear weapons in the first place.

turn 1 : The speaker is asking for an explanation of the actions the committee plans to take to investigate the administration's immigration policies.

turn 1 : is asking for the president's statement today, but the actual meaning is asking for an update on the situation.

turn 1 :  implies that the questioner is asking if the effort to repeal the Affordable Care Act is completely over, while (4) implies that the questioner is suggesting that there are more important issues that the conversation could have started with than North Korea or Russia.


turn 3 : world in this context means that there is many

turn 3 : In (4), the statement "The world is out there, isn't it?" has an implied meaning of "There are many other important topics we could discuss besides the current one."

turn 3 : So you think there's more to be known about this mission and about U.S. operations in that area of the world?" Implicated meaning: The speaker believes that there is additional information or details that have not been disclosed regarding the mentioned mission and broader U.S. operations in that region.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: What topics will be discussed at the summit?


turn 3 : The implied meaning of the speaker's response to the question of overturning the Affordable Care Act is that they don't only want to do away with it, but also to replace it with something better.

turn 3 :  implies that the questioner is asking if the effort to repeal the Affordable Care Act is completely over, while (4) implies that the questioner is suggesting that there are more important issues that the conversation could have started with than North Korea or Russia.

turn 3 : The literal meaning of (4) is asking what North Korea wants to achieve with nuclear weapons. The implicated meaning is questioning why North Korea wants nuclear weapons in the first place.

turn 3 : is asking for the president's statement today, but the actual meaning is asking for an update on the situation.


I was struck by a phrase in Chris Arnold's piece about the dollar being the bedrock currency for much of the world. Is that jeopardized?

Very much so. Treasury debt is the only risk-free asset in the world. It undergirds the world's financial system, it's in everybody money market's funds. You know, China, among many other countries, buys Treasury bills like crazy - over a trillion dollars. So, if you'd have to start factoring in risk, even if it's political risk, into our debt, you know, two things happen. The rest of the world becomes less enchanted with buying it, and our interest payments - what the government has to pay to issue that debt will rise substantially.

Can I get you to play out your scenario about what happens if October 17 comes and there's no agreement?

I don't think that much will happen on October 17th. I think there's a little wiggle room. What happens on October 17th is the government loses its borrowing authority and it can only pay out the cash it has on hand. However, if we got to the end of the month and the United States missed a bond payment, I believe that you would have an event that is three, four, five, six times worse than the Lehman Brothers of five years ago. Because the banks rely on treasuries to trade with each other overnight. That's how they fund themselves. And if you take away trust in the financial system or U. S.  debt, it will be cataclysmic. The banks will freeze up. There will be no borrowing. It'll be like Lehman. The stock market will go down. It has the potential to be a true out-and-out disaster.

turn 0 : "Well, let me ask you a wild question that just struck me."  This turn uses the idiom "struck me" to mean "occurred to me suddenly", rather than a literal physical action of striking.

turn 0 : The person was surprised greatly by the information and it affected many of their thoughts and emotions. They were not struck but what they saw made them notice it and think about it more.

turn 0 : "Struck by a phrase" does not mean that someone physically hit someone else with words. It means that someone was caught by a specific expression or a saying that got their attention.

turn 0 : a slap in the face in this context means someone did something shocking to someone else that they didn't like


turn 1 : "appearance of risk-free combat": the literal meaning of this phrase is that combat conducted by drones looks like it is without any risk; however, the actual meaning is that some people may perceive drone warfare as having fewer risks than traditional warfare, but it does not mean that it is entirely risk-free.

turn 1 : "Risk-free asset" does not mean that there is no risk involved. Instead, it means that the asset is perceived as having a lower level of risk compared to other assets.

turn 1 : It implies that hedge funds is not for those that are poor.

turn 1 :  Implies that the high-risk pools are often not sufficiently funded and/or have limits on coverage


turn 2 : playing refers to as and implies engaged with or undertake

turn 2 : "Play out your scenario" does not mean that someone is going to act out a script or a play. It means that someone is going to explain or describe a possible scenario or situation.

turn 2 : how it play out implies the final result of a thing or series of things that happened

turn 2 : "How do those play out" implies that there is a lot to discuss about social issues, not actually physically playing.


turn 3 :  "Banks rely on treasuries to trade with each other overnight" does not mean that banks trade physical treasuries with each other at night. Instead, it means that banks use treasury securities as collateral to borrow money overnight from other banks.

turn 3 : The rating agencies play an important role in the banks' ability to borrow money.

turn 3 : Big banks were forced to take the money from the Fed and the Treasury.

turn 3 : The banks lent money to people and other banks without anyone knowing or monitoring them.


Well, a firing range is where you find gun owners, and usually very responsible gun owners. And it was important for Gabby and I to reach out to like-minded folks like ourselves. I mean, we're both gun owners and we do it responsibly and try to get their opinions on how this affects them.

Now, you have been to Nevada and to Alaska and today we're speaking to you in New Hampshire. These are states whose senators voted against expanded background checks when the people in their state seem to approve of the idea of background checks. What is your message to those senators?

You know, Gabby and I understand the states of Arizona and Texas and their connection to firearms very well. It's important for us to understand other places, places like Nevada and Alaska, Ohio, North Dakota, here in New Hampshire - Maine also. And we'll go to North Carolina as well. So, it's not so much of sending a message to certain members of the Congress but it's really about reaching out to their constituents, so the next time I speak to those members you have a better sense of what their issues are and the things that they have to deal with.

So, what are you hearing from the like-minded people that you meet, people who like to hunt and shoot and own guns?Are you finding the kind of support you'd hope to find?

turn 1 : The shooting was a terrible tragedy and has left a lot of hurt and healing needed in the community.

turn 1 : Gabby and I wanted to reach out to people who shared our beliefs about gun ownership and responsibility.

turn 1 : The Rabbi is afraid of gun violence and shootings.

turn 1 : The Sandy Hook shooting made me strongly against gun violence.

turn 1 : The Republicans are not willing to discuss gun policy in an open and honest way.


No doubt it has for those legal scholars and for other people who are actively seeking grounds for impeachment proceedings. It is not likely to change the calculus for the majority of Republicans in the House. And if you need to get a president impeached, you need the Republicans, who are the majority in the House of Representatives.

Speaking of his relations, the president's relations with members of his own party, he took to Twitter to call out Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell and House Speaker Paul Ryan about the debt ceiling and health care. Is he alienating the very people in the Senate he needs later for legislation to defend him against investigations?

It's going to harden the battle lines, the battle lines that are already there, especially on immigration, especially with regard to the southern border wall. And this is a sensitive time, as we approach the perfect fiscal storm this September. I'm talking about the budget resolution, the spending bills, the federal debt ceiling with the prospect of a shutdown or a credit default. While still remote, perhaps, that threat is quite real.

Another face has been crossed out of the White House staff photo overnight. Counterterrorism Adviser Sebastian Gorka has left the building. But was he a fired man walking, if you please, for the past week or so?

turn 0 : to move in direction in this context means to change something

turn 0 : when something is made clear in this context it means that it is explained so people understand

turn 0 : "change the calculus" - this is a metaphorical expression that means to change the way people are thinking about something.

turn 0 : "But well..." - This is an expression that doesn't have a literal meaning. It is an interjection that is often used to indicate hesitation, a change of subject, or a transition in conversation.

turn 0 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer


Even though the Jews lived with the Poles for 1,000 years. And today, the history of the Jews and the Jewish experience is not really considered Polish experience.

I'd like to talk about the new Polish law which prohibits using the phrase Polish death camps. What does that mean for you as a guide and as a historian?

I think this is not really the biggest concern that we have regarding this law. There are many organizations. There are many institutions. There are many wonderful people who've been trying to fight against using this expression Polish death camps. The point is, however, that this - and this is what we are really concerned about - that this new law will possibly suppress genuine research and also open discussion about the truth and whether we are allowed to talk about our dark past openly.

What is the truth?What is the truth that you study and that you have talked about?

turn 0 : Jews are still seen as outsiders in Poland due to a history of anti-Semitism.

turn 0 : The Jewish experience is not considered Polish experience

turn 0 : A believes that the language used is anti-Semitic, but not the person.

turn 0 : The new law signed by the president of Poland will stifle discussions on the atrocities committed by Poles against Jews during the Holocaust.


Mr.  O'HARROW: No one seems to know exactly how much money will be spent through contracts, but it's going to be a considerable amount. When you hand out money quickly without setting up good terms of contracts and without having mechanisms to follow the money as it's spent to ensure that taxpayers get what they're paying for, you're going to have waste, and that's going to be what you'll get at best. At worst you'll have fraud and corruption.

Now, the Democrats who are in charge of this bill, some of whom have written this bill like David Obey, chair of the House Appropriations Committee, says we have a lot of monitoring built into this bill, and even so, we need to act very, very quickly because this is an emergency.

We've got more oversight built into this package than any package in the history of man. If money is spent badly, we want to know about it so we can hold accountable the people who made that choice. And guess what. Regardless of what we do, there will be some stupid decisions made.

David Obey, chair of the House Appropriations Committee. Well, Robert O'Harrow of the Washington Post, what do you say to that?

turn 0 : Obama wants to make sure that money is not spent on things that are not needed.

turn 0 : The advice we receive about spending and saving is contradictory.

turn 0 : When you hand out money quickly with no regulations people will spend it on things that are not needed.

turn 0 : Having all your money in one bank is risky.

turn 0 : Most people don't have enough money to pay for school.


turn 0 : Handing out money quickly without good contract terms and mechanisms to follow the money will lead to waste, fraud, and corruption

turn 0 : This means that the leaders are corrupt - there is nothing quite literally going into their pockets.

turn 0 : There is a sense of panic in the financial system and central banks are the only ones willing to finance the banking sector.

turn 0 : Companies are misusing bailout money and need to be held accountable and punished for doing so.


I don't see that this is something that you can avoid. I like the idea that they might have a problem with me liking it. That makes sense. I think, you know, in the West we have - it seems kind of retrograde that I would like it, but you know, insofar as my kids are concerned, I think it's part of a skill set that everybody should have growing up.

It used to be in the purview of the aristocracy, you know, from fencing societies to, you know, Marquis of Queensbury Boxing Rules. These were the pursuits of the upper classes, you know, not even 100 years ago.

So if you were a person fit for society, this is what you did. You know, somebody might counter with well, we no longer duel either. You know, we settle our disagreements, we're guided by the rule of law. You know, I mean, when you're in a bar and a guy is not letting you leave the bar because somehow he's chosen you in this, you know, great moment of flesh meeting flesh that you and him are going to - I mean, there are lots of options, but it would be nice at that point in time probably for you to learn - know how to defend yourself.

Now, there's some people who have never had occasion to need to defend themselves, and to them this might seem to be a very strange pastime, but I don't know many people like that.

All right. Well, Eugene, thanks a lot.

turn 1 : "you know" is used as a filler phrase and does not add any literal meaning to the sentence

turn 1 : And I've tried to identify myself in the academy with that resistive undercurrent." Implicated meaning: The speaker aligns themselves with the idea of resisting systems of oppression and inequality within the academic world.

turn 1 :  Implied meaning: Elite colleges are seen as a source of envy and reverence, but they are also seen as a symbol of hard work and excellence.

turn 1 : It used to be in the purview of the aristocracy, you know, from fencing societies to, you know, Marquis of Queensbury Boxing Rules.These were the pursuits of the upper classes, you know, not even 100 years ago. Literal meaning: The speaker is discussing the historical association of martial arts with the upper classes.

turn 1 : "But, you know, who knows?" - The literal meaning of this turn is simply acknowledging the uncertainty of the situation. The implied meaning, however, could be interpreted as a sarcastic remark indicating the speaker's lack of faith in the legal system's ability to keep information confidential.


That's an essential mineral.

That's a big left turn for me. OK.

So we're going to - just a little pinch in there. I think that's nice. And then a little ice. And then we'll give it a little shaky-shake (ph), and then I'll pour you a drink here.

It's very pretty.

turn 3 : The implied meaning of turn (4) is that the speaker is acknowledging what was said but may not have a specific response or further comment. It implies a lack of elaboration or engagement in the conversation.

turn 3 :  (4), the speaker is commenting on something that is described as "very pretty." The literal meaning of the turn is that the speaker finds the thing being referred to visually attractive. However, the implied meaning of the turn is unclear and could depend on the context of the conversation. The turn could be a sincere expression of admiration, or it could be a polite or perfunctory comment that does not reflect the speaker's true feelings. Alternatively, the turn could be sarcastic or ironic, indicating that the speaker does not actually find the thing being referred to as attractive as it may seem.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using humor or sarcasm to make a point or convey a message in a lighthearted way.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker's selection of a seemingly insignificant turn may be interpreted as an attempt to change the subject or redirect the conversation, potentially indicating discomfort or disinterest in the current topic.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using a sarcastic or ironic tone to convey their true feelings or opinions about the situation, without explicitly stating them.


Yes, they were congenial outdoors as they greeted each other with their wives, and they waved for the cameras, and they walked inside. They spent about an hour together in the Oval Office and then nearly a second hour talking in the residence portion of the White House, which, of course, was being shown to both of the Obamas so that they could get some idea of where they might want to locate themselves and put their children, how they might want to redecorate. And while I think this was a ginger conversation between the two of them, I think it was cordial as well, and there was quite a bit to discuss.

Right, well, this is a ritual. It happens every four years or every eight years, but was there any substance at all?

You know, I believe there was. I believe that, going into the discussion, the White House chief of staff currently, Josh Bolton, was saying that the president really did have a number of things he wanted to convey to his successor about how things are going in certain realms, and I think we're talking foreign policy here largely, but also in terms of the economic crisis and the rescue packages.

And he wanted to have a little bit of a discussion to kind of unburden a little bit of his own thoughts on what we ought to be doing on those fronts and, of course, we can assume the president-elect would have responded. That's why it took some time.

turn 0 : The conversation was private and sealed, so it's unclear what was discussed.

turn 0 : The meeting was polite but not necessarily friendly.

turn 0 : This turn expresses willingness to engage in the conversation.

turn 0 : The speaker was misled into attending a meeting under false pretenses.

turn 0 : The behavior was unacceptable to what the people would accept.


That may be the case, but - I don't have foresight in the future, that could very well be the case. But what we do know now is that there has been a precipitous decline in Harlem's black population. And that decline has taken place over the past two decades, and the main issue has been one of affordability as it is in other inner-city areas - inner-cities across the country. Harlem just mirrors that.

Let me return to one point that you made in terms of certain historical facts. About Harlem never having been a black community, or even built by blacks. Well I beg to differ with that. And Ms.  Suggs really does not have a grasp on her history. We know from the 1600s that the Dutch arrived in Harlem with slaves who helped to build Harlem. That is from the 1600s because we know about the Harlem Reform Church of the 1600s. And just recently, because of the 125th Street rezoning - a major public policy issue that will change the physical landscape of Harlem - we have in one of the public-mandated environmental impact statement the acknowledgment of an African burial ground which is at 125th Street east of Second Avenue from the 1600s.

So blacks have always had a presence in Harlem. They built Harlem, and so their investment - the historical investment - of blacks in Harlem certainly did not begin with the great migration or the Harlem Renaissance. Blacks' presence in Harlem, their - the building of Harlem certainly precedes that and into the 1600s.

Here's my final question. I have less than a minute for your answer. When a neighborhood gentrifies and it becomes more mixed racially and class-wise, is this more about race or about class?

turn 1 : Harlem is now more diverse, attracting non-African Americans.

turn 1 : Harlem has always had a black presence, with blacks helping to build it since the 1600s.

turn 1 : Harlem's culture is thriving due to the influx of wealth and new residents.

turn 1 : The culture and character of black people can be obtained from them if you get too close

turn 1 : Harlem residents take pride in Obama's previous residency


turn 2 : Harlem's culture is thriving due to the influx of wealth and new residents.

turn 2 : Blacks have had a historical investment in Harlem since the 1600s, predating the Harlem Renaissance and great migration

turn 2 : Harlem is now more diverse, attracting non-African Americans.

turn 2 : Harlem residents take pride in Obama's previous residency

turn 2 : The culture and character of black people can be obtained from them if you get too close


Well, I think that where journalists and correspondents tend to stray into trouble is when they use metaphor. For instance, using words like blank slate. They tend to sort of overlook the fact that there are more than 600,000 people still living here.

Yeah, that's a pretty crowded slate. What about when you see a phrase like urban settlers?

Well, that sets off all kinds of unpleasant associations. You're talking about the process of colonization in a metaphoric sense. And typically, the people who are colonized tend to see their culture and their land and, you know, their identity despoiled.

Putting Detroit on the map.

turn 1 :  implies that the crime problem in Detroit is serious and that it has become a stereotype;

turn 1 : "Crowded slate" implies that the city of Detroit is becoming crowded with people,

turn 1 : 'many, many fewer people and cars out on the street during the day' implies that the streets are quieter than usual.

turn 1 : "taking a car city, a city that was designed for cars, and turning it into a walkable city" This turn has a metaphorical meaning. It does not refer to physically turning a city but rather transforming the urban infrastructure and policies to make it more pedestrian-friendly.


Putting Detroit on the map.

turn 3 :  implies that the crime problem in Detroit is serious and that it has become a stereotype;

turn 3 : "Putting Detroit on the map" implies that through the journalist's work, Detroit is becoming well known.

turn 3 : implies that the Halloween season in Detroit is dangerous.

turn 3 : The literal meaning of this turn is that the bloggers on News and Views referred to the scandal involving the Detroit mayor's text messages as "textual healing." However, the implied meaning is that the bloggers are using a humorous or ironic phrase to refer to a serious and potentially damaging scandal. The phrase "textual healing" is a play on words on the song "Sexual Healing" by Marvin Gaye and suggests that the scandal is being trivialized or made light of.

turn 3 : The treatment of the automakers in comparison to Wall Street has caused anger and frustration among people in Detroit.


Man, that's a lot of stuff.

Yeah, a lot of stuff going on and it's all at our blog, nprnewsandviews. org.

Nprnewsandviews - all one word - dot org, right?

That's right.

turn 0 : a lot of stuff means there is a massive amount

turn 0 : going overboard means you overreact to something bad or good.

turn 0 : how big of a deal means how much of a problem would this be

turn 0 : "excessively high percentages of sales" - This turn's actual meaning is different from its literal meaning because "excessively high" means a lot or too much, but it is not necessarily related to a specific number or percentage.

turn 0 : short word in this context means to sum something up


Oh, there's a sea lion. See its nose coming up right there?

Oh, yeah.

That sea lion's got the same mission we do. We're both looking for salmon. But first, we need that ice to chill the catch.

It gets sprayed down from the dock in a giant tube, enough for two big coolers.

turn 0 : (1) Fishing expedition: a search for information or evidence that is conducted with little or no direction and is likely to be fruitless.

turn 0 : The sea lion is searching for food in the same way that we are, so it can be seen as a symbol of perseverance and determination.

turn 0 : a sense means that there is an understanding

turn 0 : You learn how to get your food from plants and animals instead of a store. When you travel you begin to feel a sadness that you are not at home. You want to be outdoors experiencing nature.

turn 0 : People want to work hard for things.


But you're right, the visual representations that she makes are stunning. She has beautiful people dressed very fashionably, speaking in this, you know, very outspoken, opinionated way. And I had just never seen this, and when I looked up some of the references about her, I could find much on her. So I made it my job to gather up all I could find, and ended up writing a book.

You have a picture in the book of her with Duke Ellington in the mid-'50s at a party. That shows - you know, and she's, you know, there on his arm. And so she must have had quite a standing in the community.

Well, she did. She was known for putting on fashion shows in South Side Chicago, where she lived. She was very well-dressed, and, in fact, later, some of her cartoon comic strips would have paper dolls with high fashion in them. So she was very keyed in to the fashion world and to fashionable people.

Her husband, Earl, managed upscale hotels in the South Side, because at this time, entertainers, travelers, businesspeople of color could not get a room in The Loop. So there were several elegant hotels on the South Side, and Earl managed one of those. They lived in the hotel. And I think from there, as well as from her own stature as a cartoonist whose work was read every week coast to coast, she did gain a lot of stature and a lot of friends.

turn 1 : (1) Implied meaning: The speaker's interest in baseball history was sparked by his grandfather's stories about the Brooklyn Dodgers and a player named Pete Reiser, who was considered by his grandfather to be one of the best ballplayers ever despite not being well-known.

turn 1 : (2) - The literal meaning of this turn is that there is a picture in the book of Jackie Ormes with Duke Ellington, and it suggests that Jackie Ormes had a high standing in the community. However, the implied meaning is that Jackie Ormes was a prominent figure in the community who was associated with famous and successful people like Duke Ellington, which further emphasizes her influence and importance.

turn 1 : (2) Implied meaning: The speaker is acknowledging that while some people consider Pete Reiser to be one of the greatest ballplayers of all time, his career was plagued by multiple collisions with outfield walls, which may have prevented him from achieving even greater success.

turn 1 : The literal meaning: The speaker mentions that they discuss this as a significant starting point or origin for the book. The implied meaning: The speaker suggests that this event plays a crucial role in shaping the themes or direction of the book.


This Thanksgiving week, we've been offering a little respite from all the glum financial news. We have been checking in with people who are doing all right despite the bleak economy. This day after the big turkey feast, we hear from an industry almost guaranteed a boom in business. We're talking about plumbing. Kevin Shaw runs Kevin Shaw Plumbing here in southern California. Welcome to the program.

Glad to be with you.

So I have heard that the day after Thanksgiving, plumbing companies can do as much as 50 percent more in business. Why is that?What is going on the day after?

We see a big increase in the number of people that call us with a plugged-up kitchen sink or maybe the toilet has plugged up. Those are the two big plumbing calls that we'll get today.

turn 0 : The turn that has an implied meaning different from its literal meaning is turn (1).  Although the literal meaning of "And Happy Thanksgiving to you" is a friendly holiday greeting, the implied meaning in this context is likely sarcastic or dismissive. This is because B responds to A's explanation of the prediction market with a statement that could be interpreted as not taking the idea seriously or finding it distasteful. The greeting could therefore be seen as a way to change the subject or end the conversation.

turn 0 : big turkey feast refers to celebration dying

turn 0 : at the end of the day means something is likely going to happen or what happens after everything else.

turn 0 : "and that was the beginning of the fatalities." - The implied meaning here is that the fall resulted in people dying, rather than just being the start of a sequence of events.

turn 0 : roast you means to make fun of you, not literally cooking someone


Thanks for having me. I'm glad to be here.

What's the mood like in Columbus ahead of tonight's game?

First of all, it's been amazing. We've had great attendance. Our first game was a sell-out. And I think the mood is obviously interested to find out who this next national champion's going to be. Mississippi State has never won a national championship. And obviously, Notre Dame - they are a staple in the Final Four. But it would be just their second national title.

What can we expect tonight between Mississippi State and Notre Dame?What can we see?

turn 2 : The speaker is excited about the interest and attendance at the games

turn 2 : The speaker is reflecting on the declining interest in Olympics and questioning the reasons behind it.

turn 2 : The speaker is actually expressing gratitude and appreciation for the host's interest in their work.

turn 2 : The speaker is confident in the appeal of Oriental and believes that the listener will enjoy visiting the place.

turn 2 : The turn suggests that the speaker is feeling frustrated and overwhelmed.


I was hugely skeptical of this idea that wine was, as some people say, bottled poetry. And part of what made Morgan such an incredible guide for me is that he was so passionately convinced of wine's ability to make us feel small the way a painting can or a great piece of music.

And I think that we tend to be biased against this idea that wine can exist on the same plane as art, partially because of history. If you go back to Plato and Aristotle, they were really the first to dismiss the senses of taste and smell. They told us that these were the savage, animalistic senses, that they could never provide these sort of soulful insights into the world. And we've really dismissed them ever since.

I want to talk a little bit about the words that are used to describe wine. You know, normally we hear things like dry, oaky, buttery - I kind of understand what those mean. But sommeliers have a much more creative way of describing tasting notes that you might not hear in a restaurant.

Well, you get everything from the more straightforward fruits and vegetables. So it could be pomegranate, raspberry, blackberry, apple, pear, lemon. They can also range to the far more imaginative. There were times where I was sitting in a tasting group and I thought that I was hearing someone read from a Wiccan book of love spells.

turn 3 : "There were times where I was sitting in a tasting group and I thought that I was hearing someone read from a Wiccan book of love spells." This turn implies that the person was hearing very unusual and creative descriptions of wine tasting notes that sounded like they came from a mystical or supernatural source, rather than a straightforward and literal description of the wine.

turn 3 :  where the speaker uses words that are not typically associated with wine tasting, such as "burnt hair," "desiccated strawberry," and "armpit," to describe the taste of wine. The implied meaning is that sommeliers use highly imaginative and unconventional ways to describe the taste of wine, which may not be easily understandable to the average person.

turn 3 : "Burnt hair, desiccated strawberry, armpit, you know." This turn implies that the person is using unconventional and perhaps even unpleasant descriptions to convey the taste and aroma of the wine, rather than simply using literal and conventional terms like "sweet" or "fruity".

turn 3 : Implicated meaning: The descriptions used in the wine tasting group were incredibly imaginative and evocative, to the point where they seemed like mystical incantations or enchantments found in a Wiccan book of love spells. It implies that the language used to describe the flavors and aromas of wine can be poetic, enchanting, and highly creative, going beyond literal descriptions.


I did, yes. My dad worked for a nonprofit. And part of the work that he did is he volunteered to visit women in the federal prison camp in Alderson, W. Va.  - women who hadn't received a visit from family or friends in more than a year. And I would often go along with my dad. So as a very young child, I think it was exciting to me because I got to eat candy out of the vending machines. But those experiences stuck with me.

Well, and they come up here?

They do. So I think, you know, when I started writing "Sugar Run" and started realizing that my character Jodi had spent a significant amount of her life in prison, those impressions that I formed when I was young came back to me. I specifically remember overhearing my dad speaking with women at the Alderson prison who were soon-to-be released. And later as an adult, I realized just how strong their joy was, you know, to be released, but also their fear of what it meant to make a life on the outside.

Did I hear you say, once I realized my character Jodi had spent all these years in prison?

turn 1 : A is jokingly referencing the title of B's book

turn 1 : The implied meaning in turn (2) is that the author created the book out of a desire to educate young black people about their cultural history, which they may not have learned from mainstream media sources such as hip-hop videos.

turn 1 : Sugar Run implies the title of a book and not a running sugar

turn 1 : The title of the story is a clever play on words based on the play

turn 1 : The success came quickly with one book after writing for many years.


And Happy Thanksgiving to you. This would essentially be an enterprise in which people would put money on terrorist acts.

Well, you know, the prediction markets - markets like political prediction markets, where people risk money on the presidential election, things like that - have been remarkably successful in many different areas. So a little more than a decade ago, the Defense Department thought the idea - why don't we try to do a prediction market that would include all sorts of measures of international instability?- where there'll be a coup, what government might be at risk, where the economy might fall. And it included questions about terrorism as something we might try to predict.

As you said, there was a public outcry. People complained about - this would mean people are earning money from terror attacks. That is, if you bet right in the prediction market, obviously, you'd get a payoff. And so it was dropped.

Well, how does putting money on the chance of something occurring, a terrorist act, improve somebody's sense of judgment in predicting it?

turn 0 : (1) has an implied meaning that is different from its literal meaning. The literal meaning is that the speaker is asking if there is any sign of improvement in the situation being discussed, but the implied meaning is that the situation is bad and the speaker is hoping for some positive news or indication that things will get better.

turn 0 : (2) The literal meaning of turn (2) is the speaker thanking the person who introduced him, but the implied meaning is just a polite expression to acknowledge the introduction. (3) The literal meaning of turn (3) is the speaker thanking the other person, but the implied meaning is just a polite expression to end the conversation.

turn 0 : The turn that has an implied meaning different from its literal meaning is turn (1).  Although the literal meaning of "And Happy Thanksgiving to you" is a friendly holiday greeting, the implied meaning in this context is likely sarcastic or dismissive. This is because B responds to A's explanation of the prediction market with a statement that could be interpreted as not taking the idea seriously or finding it distasteful. The greeting could therefore be seen as a way to change the subject or end the conversation.

turn 0 : The turn whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning is (4): "A: Thank you."  The literal meaning of "Thank you" is an expression of gratitude or appreciation. However, in this context, it is likely used as a polite way to end the conversation or acknowledge the host's farewell. In other words, it implies that the speaker is ready to end the conversation and move on.

turn 0 : Literal meaning: A is thanking Scott for something. Actual meaning: The actual meaning is the same as the literal meaning.


Yes, it is very hard to imagine how it could've been better this past week for Hillary Clinton. She won four of the last five primary states. Then you had the double embrace by President Obama and Elizabeth Warren, which goes a long way toward healing the party after a long nomination fight. And yeah, these had to be the best moments for Hillary Clinton since that first debate last fall and her all-day performance before the House committee investigating Benghazi.

And how much value is the president's endorsement, which did come pretty quickly?

It's absolutely essential as a starting point if you're in the president's party. But as such, it's pretty much a given. So the real question is the degree of enthusiasm and effort that the president's going to put in and how popular the president himself might be. Those kinds of things are often missing or just negative for a nominee. There's a strange relationship, as there was with George W.  Bush and John McCain, or just a tepid one - say, like Bill Clinton and Al Gore. Obama, by contrast, shows every sign of being a dynamo for Hillary Clinton, and that's actually highly unusual. In fact, it's hard to think of a president who's been both popular enough and willing and also able to campaign aggressively for his successor in the last century or so.

Any doubt that when the dust clears Bernie Sanders is supporting Hillary Clinton?

turn 3 : election is over. The implied meaning, however, is that Bernie Sanders should support Hillary Clinton and there should be no doubt about it.The literal meaning of this statement is asking if there is any doubt that Bernie Sanders will support Hillary Clinton when the

turn 3 : (4) Implied meaning: Does Mr. Trump have the support to win the Republican nomination, or is it uncertain?

turn 3 : The actual meaning of turn 3 is that Bernie Sanders has gained popular support and this popular support should be taken into account rather than just looking at the math.

turn 3 : People are uncertain about their vote in this election, and are hesitant to support either the Republican or Democratic candidate.

turn 3 : implies that A has endorsed Hillary Clinton and believes she effectively addresses the issues.


(Laughter) I'd imagine it'd be pretty smelly by that point.

So how did you plot this optimal route?

Yeah, so plotting the route sort of started by picking where exactly we wanted to go. So we sort of sat down and we actually spent a few days, you know, setting out some criteria. So once we chose 50 stops around the U. S. , that's when the algorithm kicked in.

All right, I understand landmarks you have listed like, you know, Statue of Liberty or Lincoln's home in Springfield, Ill.  or Taliesin - Frank Lloyd Wright's home in Wisconsin - C. W. Parker Carousel Museum in Kansas?

turn 1 : kicked around means people are talking about it quite frequently

turn 1 : "the algorithm kicked in": In this context, "kicked in" is a figurative expression that means the algorithm started working or began to be used. It does not mean that the algorithm literally kicked anything.

turn 1 : Kicked into high gear isn't literal. It's a phrase meaning the investigations started to produce some results and seemed likely to produce more.

turn 1 : (1), when B says "Not the algorithm?" the actual meaning is not just a question about whether or not the algorithm is involved, but also a suggestion that the algorithm may not be the best solution or may have negative consequences.


And what did the colleges say - the ones that were offering you these football scholarships?Did you talk to them about the possibility of head injuries?And what was their response?

Well, some of the coaches kind of - they kind of shrugged it off. They said, we've only had a couple concussions with our guys over the past years, and we have new helmets and pads that prevent these injuries, and - just trying to kind of downplay it a little bit, you know?

So you've now decided to play basketball, I read. Did you know that basketball was going to give you the same opportunities?

No, I didn't, actually. You know, I thought - you know, it was a possibility. We were kind of going into it blind, hoping we could - you know, my family and I, when I say we - we could get some money.

turn 2 : Mitt Romney has suspended his campaign, which means he is still technically in the race and has not fully withdrawn. (3) - All the delegates are expected to vote for John McCain at the convention, but a few may choose to cast a vote of protest.

turn 2 : John McCain is doing well in the Republican primaries.

turn 2 : Task Don't just paraphase the words! Find the implicated meaning! We don't want answers like: to be silent means stay quiet and not making noise, bad answer!  Please read the examples above carefully!      (1)	A:	That's right.She's protesting and enlisting the support of past Republican nominees and other leaders on her behalf.But the threshold was finishing top three in Iowa or pulling in the top six in New Hampshire or top six nationally.And she fell short in all those metrics. (2)	B:	What do you foresee tonight? (3)	A:	In a sense, there are still two tiers.You've got Donald Trump and Ted Cruz at the top.And then the three remaining governors, Jeb Bush, Chris Christie and John Kasich, all chasing the fastest-rising star of the field, Marco Rubio.Now, Ben Carson will be there - maybe something of an afterthought, although it will be interesting to see if he calls out Ted Cruz for Cruz's campaign telling people that Carson was dropping out on Monday just before the caucuses began.There's been a bit of a controversy over that.And Trump has said that it taints Cruz's victory there. (4)	B:	The downside to getting more attention, like Marco Rubio, is more criticism.And he seems to get more direct criticism from his opponents as he rises in the polls.  Please choose the turns whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings.   (1)  (2)  (3)  (4)

turn 2 : McCain already has a team of potential cabinet members lined up.


Our Women's National Team has been so successful over decades since the beginning of the creation of the team, right?And all of these women - we all think that we're the best in the world. Rightfully so - but you can imagine that environment and the standards and the competition and the challenge and the demanding aspects of it. So, having lived inside of this little ecosystem for so many years, I became so accustomed to having those around me push me to become my best self.

So I took a few years off, and I got super unfit, but I needed - my body needed a complete reset. So I started running again, and this whole thing - like, I hate running. I hate every step of it. And I would come home, and I would complain. And eventually, my wife was, like, look - like, you don't have your teammates around you.

And it dawned on me - like, wow. Oh, OK. I see how this works. Suffering and joy is made so much better when you get to do it with people around you that see your best self and hold you to that account.

It's common for professional athletes after they retire to feel like they've lost their identity. What have you done to kind of rebuild who you are?Do you feel like you have an identity again after your pro career?

turn 3 :  The actual meaning of this turn is that professional athletes should take advantage of the opportunities they have and make the most of them, because they may not get the same opportunity again.

turn 3 : Retiring from a professional athletic career can result in a loss of identity, and the speaker is asking how the person has coped with this and if they have found a new sense of identity.

turn 3 : People who can manage to stay passionate and motivated to bring about change, despite the length of time it takes.

turn 3 :  "People do have to fight and fight hard to get through adversity. And I'm certainly one that's been through a lot in the last two or three years. And I sort of have a Ph.D. on it right now. And - but I am very upbeat, very positive about the future."  The actual meaning of this turn is different from its literal meaning. The speaker is not talking about an actual Ph.D. degree, but rather a metaphorical degree gained through personal experience.


We're going to set our clock here in our studio for a minute, OK?Please begin, Mr.  MacLeod, in three, two, one. . .

Which country and western singer has the worst hearing?Dolly Pardon. Which country and western singer will let you stay at the house?Kenny Lodgers. I spent a whole year trying to get into classical music. It took the Four Seasons. What's the best way to break up a tractor?A John Deere-alator. What do you call a woman with jam on her head?Marge. Doctor, doctor, I can't stop stealing your furniture. Please, take a seat. My new racehorse can only run in the dark. It's a nightmare. Went to Pete Sampras' restaurant yesterday. Served very quickly. I didn't last long walking on hot coals with the Kings of Leon. My salt's on fire. I heard a sad story about dropping a wedding cake. It ended in tiers. I hoped to complete my new spice rack this morning but I couldn't find the thyme. What did Aladdin have with his cup of tea?Jafar cakes. I went to an earthquake restaurant for lunch. The waiters keep moving your plates. Doctor, doctor, my invisibility meds is wearing off. I'll see you shortly. What do you call a man surrounded by beef stock?Stew. Where's the best play in New York to do multiplication?Times Squared.

Oh. All right. We let you go a little bit over a minute. Sixteen jokes by my count. Some of them were pretty funny.

They're all original jokes, I have to say. I don't think they're particularly good, but they don't have to be good. They only have to be quick.

turn 3 : implies to ask for advice from the writer on how to craft humor in writing.

turn 3 : In turn 4, "It's fun to write (laughter)" implies that the speaker enjoys writing a story which challenges the conventional expectations of the characters.

turn 3 : Mr. MacLeod is expected to tell a series of jokes quickly.

turn 3 : (3) is a sign of amusement, indicating the speaker was laughing at the metaphor.

turn 3 :  "night after night she watches the sea, longing for her husband's departure (laughter)." - The caption is meant to be humorous, as it contradicts the expected sentiment of missing one's husband who has departed. The laughter indicates that the speaker finds it funny that the woman is actually longing for her husband's departure rather than his return.


This is SCIENCE FRIDAY. I'm Flora Lichtman, filling in for Ira Flatow this week. Last week, when Hurricane Sandy sent a surge of salty water into cities and towns up and down the East Coast, among the casualties were thousands of research subjects: lab mice. A building at New York University's Medical Center flooded, and thousands of mice and rats that were being used to study cancer, heart disease and all kinds of other medical disorders died.

What does this mean for the researchers who relied upon these animals?Do scientists back up mice?Here to tell us more is Gordon Fishell. He's the associate director of the NYU Neuroscience Institute at New York University here in Manhattan. Welcome to the show.

Pleasure to be here.

How was your lab affected by this?

turn 3 : Hurricane Sandy flooded the east coast and a building and means that mice which was use for cancer study died which was a lab located in the building which was flooded.

turn 3 : The loss of mice was a great setback as they are vital for research purposes

turn 3 : they are performing experiments on mice, and the mice are all dead

turn 3 : People were evacuated to avoid the storm surge


Yeah. I mean, it may be too far to say that they elected the person. They may have contributed to a groundswell of opposition to, you know, Trump's opponent, Hillary Clinton, by having those emails released. You know, we don't really know to what extent they actually succeeded in changing how people voted and perceptions of Hillary Clinton. And how do you quantify that?

But you - you know, you do see that there is, you know, a view now within the intelligence community that this was the intention of the Russians. Their intention wasn't - according to the CIA briefing, the intention wasn't just to make us - make them look weak, but actually to help Trump win.

Adam Entous of The Washington Post, thanks so much.

Great to be here. Thank you.

turn 2 : The speaker is actually expressing gratitude and appreciation for the host's interest in their work.

turn 2 : Thank you so much for speaking with us." - The literal meaning is the speaker thanking the person for speaking with them, and the implied meaning is likely just gratitude and appreciation.

turn 2 : thanking the NPR reporter, so it does not have a different actual meaning from its literal meaning.

turn 2 :  The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker is thanking the guest for appearing on the show and expressing appreciation for their insight

turn 2 : By saying "Adam Entous of The Washington Post, thanks so much," the speaker is expressing their gratitude for the discussion, while by saying "Great to be here.


When I met him a couple of months ago, I said, listen. You have fought against Islamic radicalism. And you have saved Benghazi and eastern Libya from the terrorist threat. But if you try to run for office, you will lose all that because Libyans are difficult to govern. And I said to him, do you have any aspirations with that?He says, no. I want to rise above this. So I think he sees a real threat to Libya by the existence of these elements. And unfortunately, the international community and the United Nations, they are supporting a government that has no power. And in the end, that government that has no power is being run by militias.

Some people would counter that, actually, Haftar's forces are also comprised of militias with little ideology, some elements within them are so-called extremists and that he is no better than the forces he's purporting to counter.

I mean, I hate to disagree with this. I mean, Haftar is not perfect. I don't say he's perfect. But he has a Libyan army. They might have started off as militias. But now they are inducted into regular army. And more important, they try to paint Haftar into a warlord. You know, he's not. He has been authorized by the only representative body in the country, which is the Libyan Parliament. And so, please, don't get me wrong. I am not enamored with Haftar. And the last thing I want to see in Libya is another military dictatorship. I don't want to see that.

So why is Haftar making this move to take Tripoli now?

turn 2 : They are not painting but describing the man in a certain way.

turn 2 : B is implying that the painting is so large that it's difficult to picture how it looks, not that it's physically impossible for A to imagine it. B is also implying that A may have thought it was important for the public to see the painting because of its size, not necessarily because of its significance.

turn 2 : paint a portrait means that they are asking for an explanation of the area in this context.

turn 2 : This is implying that A believes art should have an interesting or captivating element to it.


MR. PAGE: OK.

Yesterday, Keith Reid, who is one of our regular economics contributors, said that there could be a new New Deal, meaning the government will create jobs directly. Do you think that's possible?

You know, I tend to - well, it's certainly popular with Democrats, the idea of public works, and it's already worked in Chicago, Obama's adopted home town. Mayor Daley's gotten a long way with that. But I suspect he may be kind of a new frontier kind of president, at least initially, and that's the John F.  Kennedy model, where he raised the morale of the country and rallied people together for joint action to tackle common problems instead of coming out with public works programs.

All right. Clarence, thank you.

turn 2 : It's not literally a "brand" the president has; here it is referring to his own style and approach.

turn 2 : The speaker believes that the current state of affairs in America is bleak and lacking in resources and opportunities for most people, regardless of their race.

turn 2 : is asking for the president's statement today, but the actual meaning is asking for an update on the situation.

turn 2 : In turn (3), the speaker says "You can achieve limited political objectives with support for the opposition and limited military force. But the ultimate political objective of regime change takes a lot more than we have been prepared to do." The literal meaning of this turn is that achieving limited political objectives requires some support for the opposition and limited military force, while achieving the ultimate political objective of regime change requires more effort than what has been done so far.

turn 2 : new frontier in this context means that the president is different, or does something differently


They are the best kids in the world. You know, I'm really lazy, so I get up at seven, wake them up, and then go back to sleep for a half hour before I have to wrestle them school. And Chet snuck into my bed and just said, I'm not - you know, just daddy hug me, you know, at six still. And so I spent a half hour just hugging him. So the rest of my day was great because of that.

Yeah, yeah. What do you think has changed for them as kids from having a single father as opposed to a single mother or as opposed to a couple?How do you think it might have changed their lives?

That's a hard thing to figure out because, you know, when my ex-wife moved out, Chet was only about eight months old, and she moved down the street. So she still was in their life, but I've always been, you know, the primary person for both of them. So it's really the only thing they know.

turn 1 : The speaker is mentioning a song that reflects their current emotions.

turn 1 : the turns whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings. By saying "you're not one of these people that thinks I'm young and strong and nothing will happen"

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using a metaphor or analogy to convey a deeper meaning or idea, often related to emotions or personal experiences.

turn 1 : The turn with an actual meaning different from its literal meaning is (2).  In this conversation, A is acknowledging the wisdom in what B's mother said about talking to people in their 80s because they have a unique perspective on life. However, when A says "Nobody wants to hear that you met Harry Truman, you know. Shh.", the literal meaning is that A is telling B to be quiet about meeting Harry Truman because it's not interesting. The actual meaning, however, is that A is making a sarcastic comment about how people only seem to care about meeting famous celebrities like Rihanna, rather than valuing the life experiences and wisdom of those who have lived longer.

turn 1 : When A says, "And Eva thinks that I'm, you know, like The Beatles rolled into one. It's amazing." The literal meaning is that Eva thinks that A is similar to The Beatles in some way. However, the intended meaning is that Eva holds a very high opinion of A.


Four-fifty a month, sorry, I think I missed it. But that would translate to, like, 15 hours a day.

Yeah, yeah.

You're saying yeah, like it's no big deal. I mean, but where does - what drives you?That seems like a lot of time.

It is a lot of time, but, I mean, at the end of the day, why does anyone do anything?It makes me feel alive, and it makes me feel excited about the world, I guess.

There's no ads on Brainpickings, either. Why did you make that decision?

turn 2 : He mentions what drives you as A is taking a his tasks with an overwork schedule.

turn 2 : There were some personal problems, and he is trying to understand the reason behind them without being too direct.

turn 2 : (2) implies that A has a very tiring day in the lab and wants to finish the work quickly and go home.

turn 2 : I am working harder now than I used to, sometimes until late at night

turn 2 : His work is odd and seen as very different from what people normally do and/or expect.


Yeah, yeah.

turn 4 : The interview or conversation is coming to an end and the speaker needs to conclude.

turn 4 : The narrator said there's no ads as in interruptions from A's mind. He wants an explanation to why he took the job.

turn 4 : The interviewer reminds the speaker of what they've been saying, which is different from what the speaker is saying now.

turn 4 : The literal meaning of this turn is that the listener is being asked to visualize the scene of the Romney-Ryan announcement. However, the actual meaning is that the event is being presented as a carefully planned media spectacle designed to generate excitement and favorable media coverage.

turn 4 : The implied meaning of this turn is that B is suggesting that the joke is related to Wall Street, such as the stock market and other financial activities.


Yes, I think there probably would be. There are certainly places in Australia and potentially in South Africa where one could look. But the number of places where rocks of this age are preserved or well-preserved is rather few. Most of them have got sort of cooked and baked and shoved up and down by mountain buildings and the like.

And so you often have to look inside the interiors of very large and very ancient continents: North America around the margins of Canada; or in Australia, both of which are very ancient continental masses.

So what happened to the smell?Why doesn't the world smell like rotten eggs today?

Well, it's true that these bacteria are still active, and of course if you pass a blocked drain or something like that, you can see that smell, and it's exactly the same activity going on. Bacteria are eating other things, eating algae, eating other bacteria. And the reason you don't smell it is because the creatures that were living at the surface, the fossils that we first saw, were producing oxygen by photosynthesis.

turn 1 : There is more than one British Columbia besides the one in Canada

turn 1 : It could be Canada because of the weather and the way it looks.  The hillsides have a large variety of trees that have different colored leaves on them.

turn 1 : Canada and Australia have ancient continental masses which you can look inside the interior.

turn 1 : Ancient structures can be identified by the trenches around them that retain moisture.


No, that's a good question, but we - the chemical strengthening process actually happens after our immediate customers have cut the parts down to the size, the shape of the parts.

There's a famous story in Walter Isaacson's biography of Steve Jobs that says he actually came down at one point and demanded that Corning make him some glass for his - any truth to that?

Well, the story, we certainly, we don't comment in detail about the relationship with different customers, but the story is there in the book, and it's true.

Is there other kinds of products, now that you've discovered how popular and ubiquitous the Gorilla Glass could be - any other places we might see it showing up?

turn 2 : This statement implies that the answers regarding the relationship with different customers may be found in the book but no comment.

turn 2 : It is being implied that consumer behaviour is not obvious.

turn 2 : Implies that B is asking A to tell them more about a library that may not be as well known as the New York Public Library.

turn 2 : B disagrees with the premise of the question but is willing to discuss it further.

turn 2 : This implies that the book has potential benefits over time, but it may not have widespread appeal and may only appeal to a small or specific audience.


Well, that's the thing. Three areas we've looked at - covering about 55 square miles of the jungle - target one, target two and target three. And the first one was target one, and we found these all these archeological features. They covered hundreds of acres, maybe even thousands of acres, and this is gigantic. And then they moved on to target two, and they marked that, and then they moved on to target three. And target three showed even more striking features.

And we've - an archaeologist has been looking at them and a guy named Chris Fisher, who is an archaeologist at the Colorado State University, who's an expert on LIDAR, and he tells us that there is a city in T3 that is comparable in area to the city of Copan. It's absolutely enormous. The track is two square - five square kilometers.

And if these valleys are so remote, how did these civilizations develop in this unforgiving area?

Well, that's the thing. We're only now starting to realize that this so-called virgin or impenetrable jungle in prehistoric times was anything but. It was very heavily settled. There were many thousands of people living in these areas, and it wasn't virgin jungle. It was more like a tended garden. They cleared huge areas for farming. They terraced. They built irrigation canals. They built roads. They built enormous pyramids and structures.

turn 0 : The jungle was not virgin but was heavily settled.

turn 0 : The jungle wasn't as untouched as originally believed and was heavily populated in prehistoric times.

turn 0 : The machine can read images under the jungle foliage.

turn 0 : The story was told to people and many became aware of it.


turn 1 : Despite being unified there are many roads to go forward to in order to find their goal to reach.

turn 1 : The development of the city will be very difficult due to the lack of infrastructure.

turn 1 : There will be significant concerns in the region moving forward.

turn 1 : There is a city in T3 that is enormous and comparable in area to the city of Copan.


turn 3 : Humans began changing the way plants spread and grew.

turn 3 : The jungle was not virgin but was heavily settled.

turn 3 : The best of the crop of bamboo was brought from Vietnam.

turn 3 : The farming communities are disappearing due to factors such as depopulation, urbanization, and economic challenges.

turn 3 : The jungle was transformed by early civilizations through farming, terracing, irrigation, and building.


turn 3 : The prehistoric people cleared huge areas for farming, terraced, built irrigation canals, roads, pyramids and structures.

turn 3 : The implied meaning of this turn is that people are worried that the reconstruction of historical sites, while intended to preserve them, may actually erase the original context and erase the history that was connected to them.

turn 3 : The town has farms and preserves as part of its tradition.


And he - those books served as sort of benchmarks of learning of the time. They were encyclopedias on whatever it was: optics, even music, that kind of thing. And even though they contained many propositions that could then be proven wrong by experiment, which is by the way a pretty valuable service in a way, you know, they were important works that almost all the major figures of that time had to contend with.

You've likened him to a kind of Forrest Gump of the 17th century.

I have, yeah. I mean, well, the thing is - the only difference is that Forrest Gump, you know, was this innocent, naÃ¯ve, you know, sort of - had a kind of pure quality to his character. Kircher was a courtier, a careerist. He was not above fibbing if it suited him to get ahead in his career. But he was, in the way that Forest Gump was, kind of one or two degrees of separation away from so many kind of characteristic moments of the time and also as well as people.

So as I say, you know, born on the eve of a witch hunt, he was kind of thrown around in the turmoil of the 30 Years War. He arrived in Rome in 1633 just months after the Galileo trial. He was in Rome in 1656 for the plague, you mentioned the plague, and. . .

And he survived.

turn 1 : Being good at something is not enough for success.

turn 1 : Forrest Gump implies a person achieves a lot when they aren't expected to achieve a lot

turn 1 : Everybody isn't struggling, but enough people are to make it notable that Person A is making money.

turn 1 : The speaker wonders if the average person is also experiencing a similar change in circumstances from being wealthy to not wealthy, as opposed to just a select few.

turn 1 : This statement implies that the actress was able to achieve a lot in her dedication to her craft and her desire to explore different roles in 53 years life.


Thanks very much, Sacha.

In her remarks, Ambassador Yovanovitch claims she was told that President Trump had lost confidence in her abilities and there was, quote, "a concerted campaign against me and that the department had been under pressure from the president to remove me since the summer of 2018. "Would you share your thoughts on her claim that the president targeted her before releasing her from the post?

It's an unusual situation for an American ambassador to be removed in any case. It doesn't happen very often. But this is a particularly important case because her central charge in her statement yesterday was that private individuals working with Rudy Giuliani had essentially circumvented her embassy and her position in Ukraine. They'd gone to the White House to make complaints about her that were totally unsubstantiated because she was standing up against corruption in Ukraine. The central point she made yesterday is that government really suffers and our country suffers when private individuals operating for private gain circumvent what is clearly in the interests of the United States.

For anyone who might argue that since the State Department is under the executive branch, the president should be able to fire and hire whomever he wants for whatever reason, how do you feel about that argument?

We serve at the pleasure of the president, so the president, of course, has the right to fire an ambassador. But we're a democratic country, and we're a country of laws. You don't fire an ambassador who is completely innocent. And to have this campaign launched against her, a 33-year veteran of the American Foreign Service - she served her country exceptionally well. I know her.

turn 1 : Trump said the person is bad at their job and causes trouble to others.

turn 1 : SENATOR HILARY CLINTON KNEW HER ROLE  VERY WELL AND TOO A GREAT AMERICAN

turn 1 : She might have discovered the illegal activity Rudy Giuliani was conducting.

turn 1 : The president's statements caused tension among other leaders

turn 1 : The president insulted her before releasing her from her job.


All over. I was just meeting with a friend. I had served at the U. S.  Embassy in Mexico. She's here with a group of students and professors. I have just met recently a TV crew from Romania. Another one has come in from Serbia. And, of course, of special note, a number of journalists have come in from Kenya, where there's a very very big interest, obviously, for the roots of the candidate Senator Obama.

Well, tell us, what's drawing the other journalists?What is it that they're so fascinated by?

I think it goes back probably to the caucuses in Iowa in January, and it's just grown. Clearly, as the enthusiasm in the United States has grown, I think a lot of them are focusing on the young people so involved, but in general, the U. S.  public so involved in these elections and in these campaigns. And I think, in part, it is, the U. S.  does remain a certain kind of example in terms of democracy.

Well, I mean, is it fair to say that, were Barack Obama not in this race, there wouldn't be as much interest?

turn 1 : The other journalists are fascinated by the reason behind the interest in the candidate Senator Obama.

turn 1 : The president is trying to divert attention away from negative news about him and his administration

turn 1 : The president thinks that the media is out to ruin him and makes them out to be evil.

turn 1 : Obama wants to be seen as the voice of the people.

turn 1 : In turn (2), the speaker questions the future of traditional journalism and whether there is an opportunity for novelists to fill the gap.


turn 2 : As a leader and parent, it is important to help young people achieve their dreams and goals

turn 2 : Young people globally can advocate for free and fair elections

turn 2 : They're actually encouraging a lot of these kids to go back home so that they can filter out the vote in the rest of the state because the way delegates are picked, they need a little bit more of these kids to go back to other places."  Implicated meaning: The campaign is strategically urging young supporters to return to their hometowns to vote, aiming to influence the outcome of delegate selection across the state.  Explanation: The literal meaning of the statement implies that the campaign is encouraging young supporters to leave the event and go back to their homes. However, the implicated meaning reveals a strategic motive behind this action, which is to distribute the youth vote across different areas to have a better chance at winning delegates.

turn 2 : 'focusing on the young people so involved' implies young people have a significant role in the election

turn 2 : the group of people they are referring to have been pivotal to the success of the country


turn 3 : Then they changed the topic to President Obama

turn 3 : 'were Barack Obama not in this race, there wouldn't be as much interest' implies Obama is the main reason for the interest

turn 3 : Implies that Bill Clinton is both a valuable asset and a potential liability to the campaign.

turn 3 : "Do you find it interesting that we have a president who is literally African-American?" - The literal meaning of this turn is a question about the speaker's opinion on having a president of African American descent, but the actual meaning is a comment on the significance of Barack Obama's presidency as a milestone in American history and a recognition of the progress made in race relations.

turn 3 : The implied meaning behind this question is that A was initially willing to support Donald Trump and even offered to be his running mate at one point, but has since changed his mind and is now opposed to him.