(Laughter) He was her father's boss. And he was one of the great nobleman of France at the time, a very, very powerful man. And all of a sudden, she was the very young mistress and was moved into Paris so that he could keep her separate from his wife, but she wanted more. And so very quickly she got bored and she ran off with her fencing master.

Yeah. There's a lot of fencing in this book. As soon as I say that, I realize metaphorical but also actual fencing in this book.

Well, I used to fence as a kid. It's one of the reasons I know about her. I fenced all through school and college, but I have to say that I'd - when I'm writing the fencing scenes, I do jump out of my chair and grab a foil - I've still got my old swords - and I act out the scenes for myself just to make sure that they make sense.

turn 0 : The mother was surprised that her 7-year-old son already knew about the terms 'hooker' and 'stripper' and their connection to violence and sexuality without her teaching him.

turn 0 : The implied meaning is that the more A learns about the people they are close to, the more they appreciate them and form a stronger bond.

turn 0 : A rented out her classroom to students to collect information for her business.

turn 0 : Her fencing tutor, when she is 13, makes her his mistress. Julie says he gave everything I desired and quite a few things I hadn't known existed. Oh, my word.  The implied meaning here is that the fencing tutor didn't only provide fencing training but also engaged in a romantic and possibly sexual relationship with Julie when she was 13. The phrase "makes her his mistress" suggests a deeper relationship beyond a mere student-teacher dynamic.


turn 1 : The mother was surprised that her 7-year-old son already knew about the terms 'hooker' and 'stripper' and their connection to violence and sexuality without her teaching him.

turn 1 : In turn (3), when Mary's cousin joked about making the candidates carry her bags if the reporters weren't able to do so, the actual meaning is that Mary was a skilled and respected journalist who deserved better treatment than having to rely on others to carry her equipment. The joke is a sarcastic critique of the sexist attitudes prevalent at the time,

turn 1 : (Laughter) He was her father's boss. And he was one of the great noblemen of France at the time, a very, very powerful man. And all of a sudden, she was the very young mistress and was moved into Paris so that he could keep her separate from his wife, but she wanted more. And so very quickly she got bored and she ran off with her fencing master.  The implied meaning here is that the phrase "very young mistress" suggests a romantic and possibly sexual relationship between the man and the young woman. It implies that she became involved with him as a lover or partner, rather than solely as a student of fencing.

turn 1 : A was taken advantage of by a manipulative older man in her youth.


turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker's use of a certain metaphor or analogy suggests they are drawing a comparison to another concept in order to illustrate their point or express a deeper meaning.

turn 2 : Yeah. There's a lot of fencing in this book. As soon as I say that, I realize metaphorical but also actual fencing in this book.  The implied meaning here is that the phrase "metaphorical but also actual fencing" suggests that fencing is not only a physical activity portrayed in the book but also serves as a metaphorical representation of conflict or rivalry between characters. It implies that fencing is used symbolically within the book's narrative.

turn 2 : The content of the book is humorous and not meant to be taken seriously.

turn 2 :  The speaker is using running as a metaphor for the struggles and sacrifices that are necessary in life and the importance of embracing them, even when they are difficult.

turn 2 : "which is absolutely central to the book" implies, that without that part of the story, there really wouldn't be much of a story


turn 3 : Well, I used to fence as a kid. It's one of the reasons I know about her. I fenced all through school and college, but I have to say that I'd - when I'm writing the fencing scenes, I do jump out of my chair and grab a foil - I've still got my old swords - and I act out the scenes for myself just to make sure that they make sense.  The implied meaning here is that the author's statement "I act out the scenes for myself just to make sure that they make sense" suggests that the author physically performs the movements and actions of fencing while writing the fencing scenes in the book. It implies that the author engages in a form of role-playing or physical enactment to ensure the authenticity and realism of the fencing scenes.

turn 3 : She believes that child actors are like cattle to be used by others.

turn 3 : a tension you draw out within yourself means that the writer likes to use tension really effectively in writing.

turn 3 : playing refers to as and implies engaged with or undertake

turn 3 : She writes a wide variety of stories and the lessons that she learns as a writer can be seen in her stories.


The European soccer championships are being played in France right now, but events in the stands among fans are also making news. European soccer's governing body has given the Russian team a suspended disqualification and a fine of 150,000 euros for the behavior of dozens of Russian fans who've clashed with supporters of other teams. A number of Russian fans have also been arrested and deported from France.

Marc Bennetts is a journalist who's based in Moscow. And he spent time with Russian fans. He's the author of "Football Dynamo: Modern Russia And The People's Game. "He joins us over Skype from Moscow. Thanks so much for being with us.

No problem.

Aren't the British the original soccer hooligans?

turn 3 : This turn is literal in meaning, as it is a straightforward question asking about the speaker's children.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using a euphemism or understatement to convey a more significant or sensitive message.

turn 3 : not a literal meaning but rather a rhetorical question.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using sarcasm or irony to convey a different meaning than what is being explicitly stated.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using humor or sarcasm to make a point or convey a message in a lighthearted way.


They can get federal aid. They can get the Pell Grant. In Illinois, they can get state aid, which is up to $5,000 year. And they can qualify for university aid. They can qualify for university scholarships for needy students.

What's been the reaction to your story so far?

There's been a lot of outrage. The thing is there's only a finite amount of money. It's not limitless. So that is true for federal aid, state aid and university aid. So money that is going to these families who would not otherwise be eligible for it means that that's money that is not going to a student who really needs it. In Illinois, for example, last year, there were 82,000 students who were eligible for the state grant who did not get it because the state ran out of money.

Have you heard from federal aid officials?Has anyone weighed in on this?

turn 3 : to weight in on something means to give an opinion on something

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be hinting at a desire or need for help or support from the listener.

turn 3 : (4): Implied meaning: Advising to not waste energy in trying to convince people who are negative about unknown normal things, since it is not possible to change their mindset.


As it stands now, it's getting bigger and better, and I am very hopeful that it would stay that way. At the same token, I know that it takes a smart business person to run a successful business. So it's all about how you position yourself. I'm continuously networking, and meeting with people, and developing relationships with some very prominent people. So therefore, business is prospering, and I will continue to do that.

But it would seem to me - and perhaps you can offer some clarification on this point - that there are a lot of people who are in business such as yourself, who are good at what they do, who are conscientious, who are working hard and yet who find themselves, for whatever reasons, not doing and not being as successful as they would like. And there must be something that separates you from them besides, perhaps, your business plan and your enthusiasm. Is that realistic?

That is very realistic. I mean, I think that goes with any position. You have singers, actors, and a lot of them have been in the business for years and have never made it, if you will, because certain people have it and certain people don't. You either have a drive and a knack for really connecting with people and making some things happen for yourself. Or you can be as talented as the next person, but you may never go anywhere with that talent if you don't have the right connections, the right personality and the right know-how.

You said that you've lived near the Obamas in Chicago, in the High Park area, right?

turn 1 : It's important to take risks and learn from failure.

turn 1 : you've got the whole thing likely means that they have everything needed to succeed.

turn 1 : Everybody isn't struggling, but enough people are to make it notable that Person A is making money.

turn 1 : Being good at something is not enough for success.


turn 2 : Personal responsibility, hard work, and self-acceptance are essential for success.

turn 2 : It gives you insight of how to be a man and take care of your business and have integrity, visionary goal-setting and respect for one another.

turn 2 : I learned from my past experience and prepared accordingly.

turn 2 : Having the right connections, personality and know-how is essential for success.

turn 2 : build bridges implies engaging in good human relationship and connections


I want to say the same thing that Al Pacino says in "Godfather" - that every time he wants to quit the mafia business, they pull me in. And every time I want to retire, some customer comes and tells me how much he enjoyed the food. And there I am, back to the drawing board, trying to think of something new to make and put on the menu. I'm working on a few more things, whereby I could have a Himalaya goes West kind of restaurant. Yes, it's contradictory to what I said - that I want to retire. And then I want to. . .

I was about to say.

. . . A part of me wants to open a second place where everything is Indian and Pakistani-style hamburgers, Indian and Pakistani-style fried chicken, Indian and Pakistani-style pizza. I've already done some tacos, some tamales with the Indian spices. So sky's the limit. As long as there are other ethnic foods to draw from, I'll be busy.

That's chef Kaiser Lashkari, speaking at his Houston restaurant, Himalaya.

turn 2 : A has a new vision for a type of restaurant he would open.

turn 2 : The restaurant is experiencing a decline in business due to the current economic situation

turn 2 : (4) Implies that the speaker is asking if the restaurant that the person they are talking to owns has helped them in any way with their endeavours.

turn 2 : when something is front and center in this context it means its out in the open, or some type of problem everyone notices


Jon Foley, director of the Institute on the Environment at the University of Minnesota. You're listening to TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News.

And this email from Mark in Burnsville, Minnesota: Is there a middle ground?Either you believe in evidence-based science or you don't. Some people seem unwilling or unable to accept facts that confront their belief systems and would rather live in a world that matches their internal security beliefs than deal with reality.

And I don't think, Jon Foley, you disagree with him on the science, but you disagree with him on the approach.

Well, I absolutely agree with him on evidence-based reality. I absolutely cannot - we - and never should have concede that. I'm a scientist, and I absolutely support the, you know, evidence-based view. That is one place where I will not back down on an issue at all. But I think it's really more of what we do about it and how we frame these conversations. So, you know, I will always stand by the idea that, yes, climate is changing. We are the cause of this. That is what the science is saying. That is absolutely true. We're not backing down from that at all.

turn 1 : Not all scientific beliefs are accurate, even if widely accepted.

turn 1 : late to the party implies that the scientists engaged with the issue after most people

turn 1 : Some people prioritize their internal beliefs over scientific facts

turn 1 :  The implication of this statement is that it will be difficult to reach a consensus among the scientific community due to their diverse opinions

turn 1 : knew deep inside implies that a person had very strong beliefs about a topic


turn 3 : "And will we know if this does move into the - more into the political discourse as well as the public discourse?" - This is a literal question about whether or not the topic of climate change will become more prominent in political and public discussions.

turn 3 : The speaker believes in the science of climate change and will not compromise on evidence-based reality, but thinks the conversation needs to be framed differently

turn 3 : (3) When the speaker states that science is under attack, they are implying that politicians are misusing science to further their own agendas, rather than relying on scientific evidence to inform their decisions.

turn 3 : (2) implies that the media environment is desperate for viewers, and so it chooses to show people yelling at each other instead of presenting the science of climate change in an informative way.


The United Nations, in a new report, paints a picture of just how violent Venezuela has become. The U. N.  human rights chief says security forces have killed nearly 7,000 people over the past year and a half. She says, quote, "a shockingly high number of these were extrajudicial killings at the hands of what interviewees called death squads. "All as President Nicolas Maduro has vowed to stay in power.

NPR's Philip Reeves joins us now with more on that report. Philip, can you give us a little more detail on what the U. N.  team found in Venezuela?

Yeah. This takes a very broad look at the crisis in Venezuela over the last year up to this May. But a couple of things really leap out at you. One is the treatment of men and women in detention. The report says people are frequently arbitrarily detained and cites evidence of a variety of forms of torture - routinely used, it says - against prisoners by the intelligence or security services, others a form of punishment or to get them to talk. And that includes electric shocks, suffocation by plastic bags, waterboarding and sexual violence.

And the other striking section concerns those extrajudicial killings you mentioned. The Maduro government says, since the beginning of last year, some 7,000 people were killed in security operations, as you mentioned. And it says this was for resisting authority, as it puts it. But the U. N.  rights team believes many of these may be extrajudicial killings.

turn 0 : It is unexpected for a country with low crime rate to experience such a violent crime

turn 0 : The situation in Venezuela is very violent and dangerous.

turn 0 : Mexico is facing a very serious and dangerous situation.

turn 0 : The situation in Argentina is very bad due to high inflation, strikes and protests, and the government's decision to sign a huge IMF bailout.

turn 0 : There is a problem with gun violence in America.


turn 3 : The regime has been causing damage to the country and harming innocent people.

turn 3 : The Venezuelan government is responsible for many extrajudicial killings.

turn 3 : They need the countries to realize this is the way things should be done in other countries.

turn 3 : Venezuela's situation is dire due to falling oil prices and governmental mismanagement.


Hello.

Hello.

Now, the New York Times report that described your resignation in 1995 said that sources at the time said you had aroused opposition with your, quote, "emphasis on reshaping Planned Parenthood into a broad health organization that could compete in the era of managed care" - a focus that some of the group's affiliates felt would inevitably diminish their role as advocates for abortion rights and low-income women's access to health care.

Now, this week, in a letter explaining her ouster from Planned Parenthood, Dr.  Leana Wen said she had come to the organization to work on a broad range of health care issues but that, quote, "the new board leadership has determined that the priority of Planned Parenthood moving forward is to double down on abortion rights advocacy. "She's also said in an op-ed for The New York Times that she wanted to depoliticize abortion but that her approach seemed at odds with the direction the board wanted to go. What does this say about the trajectory of not just Planned Parenthood but also the abortion rights movement?

Certainly everybody would agree that reproductive rights are hanging the balance right now. It's a tough time, and there are two schools of thought. I think that the leadership at Planned Parenthood has to do what it thinks is right. I don't think there's a right or wrong. For my part, I would do what I did, you know, last time around.

turn 3 : The AMA is concerned about another abortion law.

turn 3 : The AMA has been inconsistent on abortion issues and it's uncertain where they stand now.

turn 3 : The leadership of Planned Parenthood is focusing on abortion rights advocacy instead of a broad range of health care issues.

turn 3 : Abortion is a controversial and politically charged topic.

turn 3 : The question is whether the Court will redo the case of Roe v. Wade and change the outcome of it.


Hello.

Hello.

turn 4 : In (4) the speaker is implying that the US has a higher level of tolerance for school shootings than for terrorism.

turn 4 : Two "schools' are not literal schools. The implication is there are two differing beliefs about how the organization should operate.

turn 4 :  I think that it could result in a lot of these either being kicked back to the school and these students

turn 4 : Schools alone cannot solve the issue of safety, society as a whole needs to address it.


Correct. We discovered to our surprise that the law was being used with fair frequency in an effort to prevent mass shootings. So we decided to focus on those cases, and we reported 21 of them. We can't prove that the recovery of firearms in most of those cases prevented mass shootings from happening, but we do know firearms were recovered or purchases blocked in most cases and the shootings didn't occur.

OK. So what we have here is not definitive proof that red flag laws do indeed work, but we have some anecdotal evidence that show they might be working. Could you give us an example of one or two of these cases you looked at?

Sure. A disgruntled former employee made credible threats to return to his workplace and kill co-workers. One of the employees of that company reported this to law enforcement, who determined that this person had just purchased a 12-gauge shotgun. And our mandatory 10-day waiting period before he could acquire the gun, there were about two days left. So during that time, law enforcement was able to go to a judge who reviewed the evidence, issued a restraining order and the purchase was blocked. So when law enforcement went to the man's house, they found 400 rounds of ammunition for that shotgun.

Wow. All right. So that's an example of maybe law enforcement intervening just in time so he couldn't get his hands on a gun that would have been used to perhaps kill his colleagues.

turn 1 : red flag usually means that something very bad is obvious

turn 1 : A statement implies that they were caught off guard or surprised by the previous speaker's comment.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker is hinting at an underlying issue or concern that they are not comfortable discussing directly.

turn 1 : NOTHING IS NOT GOOD.SO IT WAS A VERY MEANING FULL

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be hinting at something indirectly and expects the listener to understand the intended message.


Yeah. That is right because he has been uploading a number of videos on YouTube. He was calling, basically, for the killing off of nonbelievers.

You talk about wanting the authorities to take action against Zaharan. But did you get any sense in recent years that he was attracting followers or that you saw men being drawn to radical groups?

At the time, you know, we thought that Zaharan was a loner and that, you know, he had no major following as such, except a few people in his hometown. But in 2018, December, we realized that there were basically a bunch of youths going around and damaging Buddhist statues. And we found out that Zaharan has been their mentor.

So this was in one particular village. You're saying that back in December of 2018, there were some young people who defaced some Buddhist statues.

turn 0 : Being called a Muslim terrorist is hurtful and dangerous.

turn 0 : "calling for the killing off of nonbelievers" - This phrase does not literally mean that the person is calling for the killing of nonbelievers, but rather it suggests that the person is promoting violent extremist ideologies and possibly inciting violence against nonbelievers.

turn 0 : implies that the speaker was advocating for themselves to be violently punished,

turn 0 : to call someone out means to challenge someone, be it on their beliefs or if they are bullying someone

turn 0 : The phrase "it's also a campaign against collective silence"  has a non-literal meaning, as it does not refer to an actual physical campaign but rather a figurative one, meaning that the author's book aims to raise awareness and encourage people to break their silence on the topic.


turn 1 : Fueling it means that he made the idea gain more followers.

turn 1 : "attracting followers" - This phrase does not literally mean that Zaharan was physically attracting people towards him, but rather it suggests that he was gaining supporters for his extremist ideologies and possibly forming a following.

turn 1 : what drove him in this context means what inspired or motivated him

turn 1 : The literal meaning of the turn is asking why they want to cause violence, but the implied meaning is asking why they find violence appealing or attractive.

turn 1 : very attractive to people in this context means that they like a policy a lot


A few hundred?

A few hundred?

A few hundred, yeah.

There is a composition on this recording "Fur Elise". . .

turn 1 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer

turn 1 : The literal meaning of turns (1) and (2) is asking a question about the number "a few hundred". The implied meaning of these turns is that B is surprised by the number A mentioned.

turn 1 : (2) The literal meaning of this turn is a simple question, but the implied meaning is that the speaker wants to know what actions can be taken to address the issue being discussed and is seeking guidance or suggestions.

turn 1 : B is impressed or surprised by what A said.

turn 1 : There are no turns in this conversation.whose actual meaniniNG are different from their literal meanings .All of the turns are being used in a straightforward and litreal meanings


That's absolutely - and people are outraged at the written bylines. They just haven't taken that conversation from the words to the images.

You have cited a bombshell report in the Columbia Journalism Review by Kristen Chick. It documents assault, harassment, allegations against prominent men in the field. And you, I gather, were not surprised.

We all knew this. We all know how bad it's been. I've been in this industry for almost two decades. I've been paid less by men, overlooked on assignments that have been given to men. I've been groped and intimidated in the field and in the workplace by men. But I have been lucky for the most part. Kristen interviewed 50 women over five months, named two prominent photographers but, more importantly, detailed an industry that is rampant with physical, emotional, mental discrimination that is preventing women from being behind the camera, that is causing women to leave the industry but also that is signaling to women, this is the cost of business. This is what you have to accept if you want to do this job.

I want to drill down on one of the photojournalism agencies involved in these allegations. That's VII. It's an incredibly prominent agency, influential in the field. Can you remind us of what those allegations are about?

turn 1 : Not a shell of a bomb, but a very surprising bit of information that shocks people.

turn 1 : The authorities are not revealing the actual cause of the explosion.

turn 1 : It is dynamite implies that the information is very surprising and important

turn 1 : Stunned and shocked means that they were surprised greatly by the information.

turn 1 : Implies that the situation is incredible and shocking, rather than simply saying that it is amazing.


turn 3 : The information was told to others when it was not supposed to be told.

turn 3 : They want to find out what is happening not take a pin to it.

turn 3 : The person wants to know where the crimes are not taking place and who is not getting hurt.

turn 3 : There is no drill, the person wants to get right to the basic part of the information.

turn 3 : Turn not provided. Please provide a turn for me to analyze.


And since January, it's been a virtual storm of controversy. Not only these felony counts, but the city council is moving to have him removed. The governor of the state is now considering hearings to have him removed, and there's a petition drive in effect right now where they're collecting thousands of signatures to try and get him recalled.

So with all this negative publicity and apparent negative sentiment against the mayor, why doesn't he step down?

Most people in the know say that the reason that he does not step down is because being the mayor of Detroit helps him in his case, that he can leverage all kinds of things, not only fundraising things to help pay for his legal fees, but also that it helps his case that he is still in an official standing going into this criminal case.

Celeste Headlee, covering the latest in the story of Detroit mayor Kwame Kilpatrick, now in jail. Celeste, thank you.

turn 1 : The person in question is not willing to resign from his position despite the controversy surrounding him

turn 1 : The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker is asking if the Alderman has any reservations about the safety of the St. Louis area, given the protests and violence that have been occurring.

turn 1 : The mayor is implicitly expressing his fear that he may not be helping as many people as he hopes he is, even though he is trying his best to reach out to them and provide them with the support they need.

turn 1 : The implied meaning of (2) is to ask why the mayor is not taking responsibility for his actions and resigning, rather than asking why he isn't simply stepping away from the role.


Think of it this way. So, I mean, if you had a bucket of rice, right?

Yeah.

And they're mostly white grains of rice. But in there, there are a few ones that are brown, and you know that a certain country tends to produce that mixture. Well, then you'd say I have some confidence this rice came from that country. It's like that, except that the ones that are a different color, they're not that easy to tell. You have to actually look into their genome along the many, many, many chemical letters, and you'll find a slight, slight difference. So it's very difficult.

So what is it that these scientists were doing?What were they creating along the way to try to solve the mystery of who had perpetrated this crime?

turn 2 : The literal meaning of turn (2) is a question asking what the speaker can add to the race that other candidates do not already have. However, the actual meaning is that the speaker is being challenged to prove their value and justify their entry into the race. The literal meaning of the turn does not reflect the underlying challenge and skepticism expressed by the speaker.

turn 2 : The turn (3) by speaker B is an example of a statement whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning.  In this turn, speaker B uses a metaphor of a bucket of rice to explain the concept of DNA analysis and how it can be used to identify the origin of a sample. The actual meaning of the turn is that DNA analysis can reveal subtle differences in the genetic makeup of individuals, which can be used to identify their origin or other characteristics. However, the literal meaning of the turn is about a bucket of rice and the difficulty of identifying a few brown grains of rice in a sea of white grains.

turn 2 : Literally, this turn is a short response to A's previous statement about the time-lapse videos of human development. However, the implied meaning is that B understands and acknowledges A's previous statement about the videos featuring embryos, and is simply reiterating that fact.

turn 2 : The turn in (2) is a figurative expression and its actual meaning is different from its literal meaning.


Yeah.

You know, so, yeah, I think that there are people who really enjoy - just like it's sort of a niche market that people like the Winter Olympics. But largely, I think a lot of people who couldn't tell, you know, an Olympic torch from, you know, a fire extinguisher are waiting to find out if - can we wrest the gold medal back in basketball?

Why do you think that is?I remember watching the Olympics growing up, you know, and as a young man, I mean, it was big, big deal. You wanted to watch all of it. That's how you learned about other sports that you didn't even know anything about was through watching the Olympics. But it seems of late that it's lost some of that. I don't know if it's because of the doping scandals and Marion Jones and others. Why do you think that our interest has changed?

That's a great question. But I think it's - what's happening in entertainment in general is that there's just so much on our palette. There are so much to choose from and to watch. You know, when we were kids, you know, back in oh-hundreds, you know?

turn 1 : Despite potential lack of interest, the Olympics are still a significant event.

turn 1 :  Implies that the speaker was initially skeptical about the Olympics in England but changed their opinion after seeing the opening ceremony.

turn 1 : The speaker suggests that many people are only interested in the Olympics for popular events

turn 1 : The coach is confident in the team's abilities for the Olympics.


Yeah.

turn 2 :  Implies that the speaker was initially skeptical about the Olympics in England but changed their opinion after seeing the opening ceremony.

turn 2 : The speaker is excited about the interest and attendance at the games

turn 2 :  The actual meaning of this turn is that professional athletes should take advantage of the opportunities they have and make the most of them, because they may not get the same opportunity again.

turn 2 : The speaker is reflecting on the declining interest in Olympics and questioning the reasons behind it.


Sure. There are a lot of things on the horizon right now. I know learning about the systems on the space station will be part of our training over the next two years. But, you know, right now, both Boeing and SpaceX are working on commercial crew vehicles, the CST-100 Starliner and the Dragon vehicle, so those are also possibilities. And then NASA itself is working on the Orion. So a lot of new, exciting things coming up that we could potentially be doing in the near future.

So what is your dream, though?If you could go anywhere, do anything in space, reality, you know, not even being a limit, what would you like it to be?

Honestly, right now, my dream is to go to space, so anything that NASA would give me if they assigned me to any mission I would be more than overjoyed.

I have a question because I'm the mother of a young girl who is fascinated like you were by space exploration. And especially to young girls of color, what is your message to them?

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The way people communicate can reveal their values, beliefs, and attitudes, and understanding these can help build stronger relationships and resolve conflicts.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker's tone or body language suggests that they may be withholding information or not fully expressing their thoughts and feelings on the topic at hand.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using a euphemism or understatement to convey a more significant or sensitive message.

turn 3 :  To give a message means to communicate an idea or opinion in an attempt to influence people, rather than simply conveying facts

turn 3 : Implied meaning: Communication involves not only transmitting information but also interpreting and responding to the feedback and reactions of others, and adjusting the message accordingly.


I don't know what you would do to keep them from doing it. If they can get in and steal stuff like this, how can they - how could you block the Internet down?I mean, I don't know.

Ronnie Hipshire is a retired coal miner from West Virginia.

Ronnie, thank you for talking with us about this.

Thank you. You have a blessed day.

turn 2 : The turn whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning is (4): "A: Thank you."  The literal meaning of "Thank you" is an expression of gratitude or appreciation. However, in this context, it is likely used as a polite way to end the conversation or acknowledge the host's farewell. In other words, it implies that the speaker is ready to end the conversation and move on.

turn 2 : (3) implies gratitude and appreciation, (3) implies that the conversation is coming to an end

turn 2 : Thank you so much for speaking with us." - The literal meaning is the speaker thanking the person for speaking with them, and the implied meaning is likely just gratitude and appreciation.

turn 2 : "Thank you." - While the words "thank you" are often used to express gratitude, in this context it could also be interpreted as a polite way to end the conversation.


It's time now for our Africa Update. The search begins for an African Einstein. In South Africa this week, at least two dozen people have been killed in a wave of attacks on foreigners and we look at Rwanda's new economic force, women. For more, we've got Roxanne Lawson, she's director of Africa Policy for TransAfrica Forum. Hey, Roxanne.

Hi, how are you doing?

I'm doing great. So let's talk about some disturbing news form South Africa. It's the biggest economic power on the continent and plenty of immigrants from other African nations are flooding into the country, legally or not. South Africans are accusing these immigrants of taking away jobs and causing crime, in some ways it's similar to a lot of the debates right here in the U. S.  Now, some South Africans are getting into brutal attacks on foreigners. At least 24 people have been killed in unrest that broke out a week ago. So what's the latest on the violence?

You're directly right that it actually is very much like what we see here in the United States with our migration issues. As of this morning, official reports that 217 people have been arrested, over 3,000 have been displaced and 22 people are dead.

turn 1 : There are no turns in this conversation whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings. All of the turns are being used in a straightforward and literal manner.

turn 1 : There are no turns in the given conversation that have a meaning different from their literal meanings. All the turns convey their literal meanings without any implied or figurative language.

turn 1 : There are no turns in this conversation.whose actual meaniniNG are different from their literal meanings .All of the turns are being used in a straightforward and litreal meanings


Hi, how are you doing?

turn 2 : (3) Implied meaning: Were South African mobs and looters targeting African migrants?

turn 2 : It is being implied that the criminals are having a difficult time.

turn 2 : The speaker is contrasting the peaceful transition to democracy in South Africa with the ongoing struggles of black people in America to achieve equality. Implicated meaning: The speaker is highlighting the unique historical context of South Africa's transition to democracy and the significance of the peaceful transition.

turn 2 : The subject is actually from Los Angeles where as the reply is regarding an African

turn 2 :  "South Africans are accusing these immigrants of taking away jobs and causing crime" - This turn has a figurative meaning, as immigrants are not literally taking away jobs and causing crime, but rather this is a perceived issue by some South Africans.


Hi, how are you doing?

turn 2 : Migrants are suffering from inhumane conditions in detention centers.

turn 2 : The regime has been causing damage to the country and harming innocent people.

turn 2 : Immigrants in South Africa are being blamed for job loss and crime, leading to brutal attacks on foreigners.

turn 2 : Many people are losing their jobs and companies are going bankrupt.


Yeah.

That's toe master Terry Lee speaking with us from the Sourdough Saloon in Dawson City, Yukon. Terry, good luck. Thanks so much.

Thank you very much.

turn 0 : The speaker is highlighting the severity of the allegations against Jeffrey Epstein and warning the listeners that the details may be upsetting.

turn 0 : A is unhappy that their music is not receiving as much attention as other artists.2. B is trying to console A by mentioning that they have received praise from Vibe Magazine.

turn 0 : The speaker is expressing amusement at the topic being discussed.

turn 0 : (1) B: Well, the call has gone out to our NPR listeners, who are either going to be repulsed or intrigued by what you're talking about here, Terry Lee.

turn 0 : B is surprised or impressed by what A just said


Yeah.

Thank you very much.

turn 2 :  (3) is a polite way of thanking Robert Groves for joining the show

turn 2 : (3) B: That's toe master Terry Lee speaking with us from the Sourdough Saloon in Dawson City, Yukon.Terry, good luck.Thanks so much.

turn 2 : "That's Dr. Steven Loyd. He's based in Nashville, Tenn. Thanks for talking with us."  The literal meaning of this turn is simply an introduction to Dr. Steven Loyd. The implied meaning is that the interview has ended and the interviewer is thanking Dr. Loyd for his time and participation.

turn 2 : (4) is that the toe must be served in a specific type of alcohol.

turn 2 : Step a toe means to test the waters and try something new


We noted that you're a writing fellow at the Beckley Federal Correctional Institution. Is there a great story in every prisoner?

I think there's a great story in every human being. And that - so that - the same is true. There's a great story in every prisoner.

But the thing that I love about teaching there is just how - obviously, how much it means. The guys who are in my class - being able to sit down once a week for two hours and focus on their writing. And they've told me just to be in a quiet room, too, where, you know, I'll give them a writing assignment, and then we're quiet - they've told me that that, in many ways, is one of the things that is most valuable to them.

Without giving away the end of the novel, does Jodi go on with you in your life now?

She does to less of a degree. I mean, I think when I found the end of the book, I was able to let her go in some ways. I definitely still think about her.

turn 3 : give away in this context means to tell someone something without much warning, usually a secret

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is hinting at something they want or need, but they don't want to ask for it directly.

turn 3 :  (4) is an expression of surprise. The implied meaning is an expression of admiration.


Could you cite a single example of bias?

Sure. Andrew Weissman, the No. 2 member of the Mueller probe, attended the Hillary Clinton election night party. You would think with all the talented prosecutors to be asked throughout the federal system, we could likely assemble a team without having to pick the people who were engaged in the 2016 election to the extent that they would be at one of the candidates' election night parties.

Well, I mean - A, I don't know that; B, so he attended a party - I mean, public officials, like reporters - for example, I think in many ways, like representatives in Congress, who are supposed to be capable of independent and unbiased judgment when it comes to doing their jobs.

But members of Congress don't end up prosecuting people. And, you know, when you're dealing with a prosecution and potentially, you know, here, with the president the United States being investigated, I would think that you would want to avoid even the appearance of bias. And here, the bias seems to be significant. It's also laid out in the text messages between Peter Strzok and Lisa Page.

turn 1 : B is asking for an update on the Mueller investigation.

turn 1 : The speaker is suggesting that there may be a hidden agenda or underlying motive behind their words.

turn 1 :  Implies disbelief in the official explanation for the meeting and wanting a better answer.

turn 1 : Implied meaning for turn (3): The questioner assumes that the speaker decided to support Donald Trump based on something he said, but the speaker clarifies that his decision was based on Trump's track record of job creation, as well as input from other people involved in the election.

turn 1 : The implied meaning is that Andrew Weissman's involvement in the Mueller probe creates an appearance of bias, regardless of his actual objectivity.


turn 3 : The implied meaning is that bias should be avoided when dealing with a prosecution, and that the text messages between Strzok and Page demonstrate bias.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be suggesting that there are some hidden or unknown factors that could influence the situation being discussed.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker's tone or body language suggests that they may be withholding information or not fully expressing their thoughts and feelings on the topic at hand.

turn 3 : The speaker is expressing concern that the justice system might be unfairly biased against certain individuals based on their race and access to resources.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is hinting at a deeper or hidden motive or intention behind their actions or words.


So these are two guys who get along really well, who see eye-to-eye on a lot of issues, and who are already just starting to generate a lot of enthusiasm that was, frankly, kind of lacking in parts of the Republican Party.

Do you know how this decision was made, why Mr.  Romney was so silent for so long and then finally said, OK, it's Paul Ryan?

Well, that's the way it typically works. But we do know that he was, up to the last minute, vetting a few possible options. And interestingly, these options are sort of often divided into two categories: The safe which is Tim Pawlenty of Minnesota, Rob Portman of Ohio, and then the bold, which might be Marco Rubio of Florida, Chris Christie of New Jersey. And Paul Ryan of Wisconsin is sort of in that bold category.

But, you know, the opposite of safe is bold. The opposite of safe can also be risky. And as excited as parts of the Republican base are about Paul Ryan, parts of the Democratic base are also really excited about being (technical difficulties) Romney, through proposals that Paul Ryan is made in the House that have been very controversial.

So he may add a little pizzazz to this campaign on both sides.

turn 4 : The literal meaning of this turn is that the listener is being asked to visualize the scene of the Romney-Ryan announcement. However, the actual meaning is that the event is being presented as a carefully planned media spectacle designed to generate excitement and favorable media coverage.

turn 4 : The implied meaning of this turn is that Democrats might not be interested in a bipartisan effort since their own plan has been successful.

turn 4 : The implication is that the Republicans may have to use strong tactics to pass their agenda, even if it means having to pressure members of their own party.

turn 4 :  implies that the Democrats should not become complacent with their current demographics and should focus on further outreach

turn 4 : To "add a little pizzazz to this campaign on both sides" means to make the campaign more interesting and engaging for both the Republican and Democratic parties.


There are politicians from a wide variety of political parties that complain that the prime minister, Nouri al-Maliki, who is an Arab Shiite, that he has simply too much power. And critics have taken to calling him a dictator on TV over the last week. They're comparing his style of governance to Saddam Hussein. And they're basically holding up ratification and calling for a reform proposal that would curb many of Nouri al-Maliki's powers.

Meanwhile, Maliki's advisers are accusing these parties of using the American-Iraqi Treaty as a way to twist the prime minister's arm. They're calling this a desperate ploy for rival politicians to try to win popular support from the Iraq people.

So, Ivan, what are the prospects now for this status of forces agreement?It's intended to replace a U. N.  mandate which governs U. S.  troops being there. It's set to expire at the end of this year.

Well, that raises a lot of questions. The Iraqi prime minister has said he will not extend the United Nations mandate. The U. S.  has threatened, from what we're hearing from some Iraqi lawmakers, to begin withdrawal immediately.

turn 1 : The Iraqi Sunni insurgents have given up their struggle against the US-led government, and have accepted its terms for peace.

turn 1 : This statement implies that Americans are skeptical about sending more troops to Iraq due to the country's previous history with military involvement in Iraq.

turn 1 : The US military has evidence to support their claim.

turn 1 : Maliki's advisers accuse rival politicians of using the American-Iraqi Treaty as a desperate ploy to gain support from the Iraqi peopl

turn 1 : The situation between Iran and the US may lead to a military conflict, which nobody wants.


turn 3 : The U.S. is using the threat of immediate withdrawal to pressure Iraq into extending the United Nations mandate

turn 3 :  (4) implies that the US is trying to reach a political solution to the conflict in Syria, but without a strategy to deal with Assad and the refugee crisis.

turn 3 : (4) Implied meaning: The United States has to choose between Assad and ISIS, and it should prioritize the destruction of ISIS.

turn 3 : Iran is responding to the US's maximum pressure campaign

turn 3 : They need the countries to realize this is the way things should be done in other countries.


From NPR News, I'm Farai Chideya. For Wednesday, February 13th, this is News and Notes.

From NPR News, This s News and Notes. I'm Farai Chideya. The White House race only gets hotter, especially if you're John McCain. Yesterday the Arizona Senator picked up the Potomac primary wins in Washington, D. C.  and Maryland. He also took Virginia, where Mike Huckabee put up a good fight. The victories are edging McCain closer to the GOP candidate seat, and as for the Democrats, yesterday was all Barack Obama. He swept the Potomac Primaries and stacked up key delegate points. Joining me now to sort through the numbers is Ron Elving. He's NPR's senior Washington editor. Hi, Ron.

Hello, Farai.

So how many delegates did McCain pick up?

McCain picked up a little over a hundred, possibly as many as 113, depending on how they sort out Maryland. But he got everything in Virginia, all 30 delegates, despite the fact he only won by nine percentage points. That's the way the Republican rules work. You can win certain winner take all states, no matter what your plurality or majority may be, you get all the delegates. So he did that in Virginia and the District of Columbia and he'll get virtually all of the delegates in Maryland. So he picked up somewhere between 100 and 113 delegates. It puts him pretty much out of sight. He's got more than three times as many as Mike Huckabee.

turn 1 : McCain already has a team of potential cabinet members lined up.

turn 1 : John McCain is facing political isolation and uncertainty in the Senate

turn 1 : McCain campaign is facing a difficult challenge from Obama

turn 1 : John McCain is doing well in the Republican primaries.


Hello, Farai.

turn 4 : McCain already has a team of potential cabinet members lined up.

turn 4 : McCain has a significant lead over Mike Huckabee in terms of delegate count.

turn 4 : John McCain is facing political isolation and uncertainty in the Senate

turn 4 : McCain campaign is facing a difficult challenge from Obama


Well, Lyrics Born, thanks so much.

Thank you. My pleasure.

Rapper and producer Lyrics Born's new album is "Everywhere At Once. "He joined us from the studios at UC Berkeley School of Journalism.

(Rapping) I came a long way From eating off-brand rice I came a long way From writing fourth grade rhymes I came a long way To get my pay grade high Baby, you ain't never heard me come the same way twice.

turn 3 : The lyrics of the song call for change in the society

turn 3 : The speaker lists some of their favorite poets.

turn 3 : Lyrics Born has come a long way from his humble beginnings.

turn 3 : Even though they faced many obstacles in their music career, they persevered and continued to move forward.

turn 3 : The speaker identifies with various forms of art and culture, and has a deep appreciation for life and love.


Not the algorithm?

Not the algorithm. He gets a little credit at the bottom.

How much of what I read every day in the L. A.  Times is written by an algorithm?

Well, the only places we really use it is for, you know, earthquakes, and just the initial reports, and if you are a reader of our homicide report, which tracks every homicide back since 2007, anything that we couldn't get further information on, that we just have basic details on, gets templatized into a robo-post as well.

turn 0 : B is asking A if he/she thought carefully before doing something.

turn 0 : "the algorithm kicked in": In this context, "kicked in" is a figurative expression that means the algorithm started working or began to be used. It does not mean that the algorithm literally kicked anything.

turn 0 : you imply that something is the case

turn 0 : (1), when B says "Not the algorithm?" the actual meaning is not just a question about whether or not the algorithm is involved, but also a suggestion that the algorithm may not be the best solution or may have negative consequences.

turn 0 : has a literal meaning of "Yes, the numbers aren't looking good for the person," but its actual meaning is "It looks like the person isn't likely to succeed."


Well, I brought it back from that evening on the island of Roatan, and he processed it. He had to crunch the data. There was also data that had to come from Houston that had been collected by them, and all those had to be combined to make this map. And he was working till the wee hours of the morning making these maps. And then the Internet connection was down so he went to bed. His name is Michael Sartori, by the way. He was a really fascinating guy.

But then he uploaded those images in the morning to Houston and the - one of the directors of NCALM, this organization, the National Center for Airborne Laser Mapping, a guy named Bill Carter, was the first one to look at the images and he was in West Virginia. He was about to go out and buy a refrigerator or something, and this email came in with these images attached.

He looked at them, and he said, oh, my God. He was thunderstruck. He almost immediately saw in this valley pyramids, structures, buildings, plazas, terracing, roads. He saw this incredible amount of archaeological features that he recognized immediately even though he's not an archaeologist.

So not just a lost city, a lost civilization?

turn 2 : He worked on the intelligence committee and learned a great deal of things that most people don't know about the world.

turn 2 : Bill Carter recognized the archaeological features immediately despite not being an archaeologist

turn 2 : The prehistoric people cleared huge areas for farming, terraced, built irrigation canals, roads, pyramids and structures.

turn 2 : Studying history helps to make better decisions in the present.


Thank you for having me.

Let's begin with the top line of the report. We certainly know retail is suffering. We see stores all over America closing. Midtown Manhattan is having problems with retail space. We assume it's online shopping and delivery. But how many job losses do you fix specifically to the role of private equity?

Well, we found that over the last decade, 1. 3 million people lost their jobs at retailers that had been acquired by Wall Street private equity firms and hedge funds. During that same 10-year period, the retail sector had actually added an additional 1 million jobs. So what we find is that in key areas, Wall Street firms are destabilizing retailers. Toys R Us is a good example. Toys R Us was highly profitable when it filed for bankruptcy. Their private equity owners had loaded the company with debt and did not really invest in necessary technology upgrades to support e-commerce and to make it viable.

Well, let's peel back a phrase like Toys R Us was highly profitable when it filed for bankruptcy. That wouldn't seem to fit in the same sentence. But how do you explain that?

turn 3 : implies to not being in support and feeling unfavorable about the result.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: It's important to take a step back and reflect on our actions before making decisions.

turn 3 : peel back means look at the many different contributing factors

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be suggesting that there are some hidden or unknown factors that could influence the situation being discussed.

turn 3 : Implies that the speaker would like to see further reforms beyond what is suggested by Speaker Ryan.


Thank you for having me.

turn 3 : THERE IS A BIG CHANGE THE PEOPLE HAVE ALREADY LOST THEIR MONEY

turn 3 : Lets go back to what you said about Toys R Us being profitable when they filed for bankruptcy and talk about that more.

turn 3 : GM is only trying to get money from Congress, not save the industry. (line 4)

turn 3 : People may be selling their belongings to cope with the financial crisis.

turn 3 : Many people are losing their jobs and companies are going bankrupt.


Right, but it was not my choice to be here. And this is what people forget. I applied for asylum in 27 different countries around the world, and it was the government, the United States government, then-Secretary John Kerry, that canceled my passport as I was leaving from Hong Kong en route to Ecuador. And this locked me in place.

I believe they panicked. And I think the reason that I'm in Russia today is because what we know - this was actually publicly reported in 2013. Every time one of these other countries, one that the United States public would be much more comfortable with - a France, a Norway, a Germany - one of two people would call the Foreign Ministry of that country. And it would be either Secretary of State John Kerry or then-Vice President Joe Biden.

The idea here is they would go, look; we understand that he has been charged with political crimes. This means you don't qualify for extradition, and you almost always do qualify for asylum protections. And the government - we know you can do this, but if you do, we want you to understand there will be a response. We're not going to say what it will be, but it will be severe because we don't want to see the public seeing this guy as a whistleblower, which the public then was coming around to do.

You say the U. S.  government panicked. Did the U. S.  government panic, or just they felt it was important to the national interest of the United States to make certain you - your movement was limited?

turn 0 : The situation is uncertain and they need to take it one step at a time

turn 0 : Staycation is a vacation taken close to home.

turn 0 : There is a dangerous situation happening that requires people to seek shelter and take precautions.

turn 0 : This made the person have to stay where they were at.

turn 0 : Standing up for what is right even if it goes against the law.


turn 2 : The complaint was about someone that exposed something being done illegally by another person or group.

turn 2 : A whistle was not blown but a person complained about an event publically that could be illegal.

turn 2 :  "It puts illegal behavior, in a way, on the same level as dislikable and unfair behavior" - The actual meaning is not that illegal behavior and dislikable behavior are being equated, but rather that both types of behavior are being reported anonymously without any substantiation, making it difficult to differentiate between them.

turn 2 : The person complained publicaly about things that were illegal and private.


Let's start with the AP style guide - maybe I should say the Associated Press style guide because we're going to be talking about abbreviations. Those sometimes present decisions, right?Do we always need the say Internal Revenue Service on first reference?Doesn't everybody kind of know the UN or FBI by its initials, or NPR for that matter?So AP has now ruled about BLT.

They have. We can say BLT on first reference. Now I should start out by saying that NPR - we have our own standards and styles, but we usually are in line with AP's. In this case, I found a reference going back, at least to 2002 by someone named Scott Simon. . .

(Laughter) Oh, no.

. . . Who referred to a BLT as a BLT without saying bacon, lettuce and tomato.

I bring this up though because, as I don't have to tell you of all people, Mark, there are initials that have entered everyday language because they're abbreviations for profanities.

turn 3 : (4) is a straightforward denial of B's implied meaning, and does not carry any additional implied meanings beyond that.

turn 3 : None of the words in turn (4) have a different meaning from their literal meanings.

turn 3 : The literal meaning of (3) is a simple expression of agreement, while the implied meaning is that the speaker is amazed by the story of Steve Dalkowski's feats.

turn 3 : The implied meaning is that B's special person is being given the utmost care and protection.

turn 3 :  "referred to a BLT as a BLT without saying bacon, lettuce and tomato" - The literal meaning is that the person referred to a BLT sandwich without mentioning its components, which is also the actual meaning.


Oh, the subpoena is the basic working tool of these investigations. It can be a single piece of paper that demands that the witness show up on pain of contempt. Or it can also be a subpoena of the kind that seeks documents, including digital material like emails. By bringing in a witness, they cut through a lot of the stalling. And by demanding the documents, they have the materials to pin the witness down in the questioning.

And what about the value of closed-door sessions?Jared Kushner, the president's son-in-law and top adviser, met with the committee behind closed doors this week. What's the value of that to the committee even as it frustrates the public a bit?

Well, there are pluses and minuses to it. It's best if it's a preparation for a public session. Committee staff, for example, will do a behind-closed-doors questioning very thoroughly and minutely using documents in a way that you don't see so much in a public session. So it can be good preparation. It's also, in this particular situation, it's possible that there's a mixture of classified and non-classified material and you sort that out during the behind-closed-doors.

It sounds like you're describing a dress rehearsal or something like that.

turn 1 : is a private meeting between people, while the actual meaning of "dress rehearsal" (

turn 1 :  Implies disbelief in the official explanation for the meeting and wanting a better answer.

turn 1 : it represents the person is very enthusiastic and interested to be engaged in doing it

turn 1 : implies that the quietness of the supper conversation before the shower scene prepares the audience to be shocked by the violent moment that follows

turn 1 : The speaker was misled into attending a meeting under false pretenses.


turn 1 : (2) The literal meaning of this turn is a simple question, but the implied meaning is that the speaker wants to know what actions can be taken to address the issue being discussed and is seeking guidance or suggestions.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker's tone or choice of words may suggest that they have reservations or doubts about a particular topic or decision.

turn 1 : Although the literal meaning of this turn is simply an acknowledgement or agreement, the implied meaning behind it is that the speaker may not be fully engaged or interested in the conversation. It could be interpreted as a way of signaling disinterest or a desire to move on to a different topic.

turn 1 : The literal meaning of turn (2) is a question asking what the speaker can add to the race that other candidates do not already have. However, the actual meaning is that the speaker is being challenged to prove their value and justify their entry into the race. The literal meaning of the turn does not reflect the underlying challenge and skepticism expressed by the speaker.

turn 1 :  The literal meaning of this turn is to ask what is the value of closed-door sessions, however the implied meaning is to question the fairness of closed-door sessions to the public.


turn 3 : To bring recognition to several people in the field.

turn 3 : is to practice or prepare for a performance.

turn 3 : Turn not provided. Please provide a turn for me to analyze.

turn 3 : The details will be hard to work out and difficult to deal with.

turn 3 :  implies that you should be mindful of the information you hear and stay informed.


No, that didn't happen until after the article came out.

Really?

Yeah. I didn't get a ton of responses on Craigslist. I think people probably just saw it and thought it was a weird curiosity. And, you know, I didn't want it to be - I'm going, you know, I'm putting on my anthropologist hat and I'm going into black America and I'm going tell you what black America's like, because it really wasn't about that. It was more about - there are lots of different, you know, cultural bubbles that we live in and the Venn diagrams often don't overlap, and for some reason we don't seem to care about that anymore.

Almost every day, I see some newspaper article that has sent some reporter to some place where someone is having a racial moment. You know, whether it's. . .

turn 2 : The subject is actually from Los Angeles where as the reply is regarding an African

turn 2 : Some people expect the speaker to provide insights into black culture and use him as an example to improve their understanding of it.

turn 2 : black per person implies African American person  and not a black color human being

turn 2 : THe person isn't putting on an anthropologist hat. It means the person is thinking. This person is also learning about Black America, nit getting into black America.

turn 2 : A person wants to identify as cool, American black instead of African-American despite not being from Africa.


This has been just week one of the trial. And as we noted, there's another Manafort trial ahead. And gosh knows what the fallout will be in reporting about the lobbying industry. But do you - is it possible, do you think, that the lobbying industry - is it some kind of break point, as arguably it was, let's say, a decade ago about the Jack Abramoff revelations?

It might be, particularly for foreign interests. I know that there's a lot of concern from the president on down of people everywhere trying to get at America and learn our interests and learn our secrets. And there may be some attempt to have more transparency about public lobbying for foreign interests.

I mean, the suggestion is, they'd just walk out on K Street, hire somebody, and that's how they'd do it.

Right. That's right. And I think people would say, I think we need to have a little bit more oversight. You know, we don't want individuals - American lobbyists - looking for secrets and then selling them to our foreign adversaries. It kind of reminds me in a way of, like, the 1950s. You know, we're all real nervous about what foreigners are doing, so let's pass some laws to make sure that America doesn't help our enemies.

turn 1 : The government could acquire loans and make changes more easily.

turn 1 : The Treasury is struggling to minimize conflicts of interests in their program.

turn 1 : They think it does make the government look bad to the public.

turn 1 : Big donors can influence elections across all levels of government.

turn 1 : There may be a need for more transparency in lobbying for foreign interests.


turn 3 : It tells about developed our nation and innovoted lot of things

turn 3 : There is a concern that American lobbyists may sell secrets to foreign adversaries.

turn 3 : implies that this sensitive information could be used by malicious individuals to blackmail federal employees.

turn 3 : "sharing intelligence" and "protecting their external borders" - These are non-literal uses of "sharing" and "protecting" meaning "cooperating and exchanging information" and "strengthening border security," respectively, not literal physical actions.

turn 3 : (4), the speaker acknowledges that each country has its own intelligence apparatus and that some countries, like the United Kingdom, are accused of spying on other Euro member-states. However, the speaker goes on to argue that there are stricter standards among allies, and that there is a difference between spying on American leaders and members of Congress versus spying on trade delegations. The implied meaning is that spying on American leaders and members of Congress is not acceptable and violates the standards among allies. This is different from the literal meaning, which is that there are stricter standards among allies.


Andrew, Ivan Golunov has been a vocal critic of the Russian government. But his arrest is, apparently, unusual.

Right. Yeah, I do think it's unusual. You know, when - attacks on journalists do happen in Russia and, you know, journalists have been beaten. They've been killed for their reporting in certain cases. But the idea that drugs would be planted on a journalist, that's a more unusual case here. It leaves sort of very little daylight between the journalist's reporting and kind of direct pressure being put on him by the government. So to be honest, I've been here for eight years, and I can't remember a case similar to this one. And I think that that in particular is what made people so angry about what's going on.

There wasn't even a requirement to sort of exact violence against him, but this idea that if Ivan can have drugs planted on him while he's walking through Moscow then literally anybody could have drugs planted on him, as well. And I think that that's what made people so nervous about the case, specifically among journalists, and that's why we've seen such a backlash.

Andrew Roth is Moscow bureau chief for The Guardian.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker is expressing a sense of frustration or dissatisfaction with a situation or person, without explicitly stating it.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be expressing their dissatisfaction or disappointment in a subtle or indirect way, rather than stating it directly.

turn 2 : The backlash means that people are complaining about the situation.

turn 2 : that the people don't want any more violence and want it to stop

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker has some reservations or doubts about the situation being discussed.


When you first started out, though, as - performing in those amateur clubs, what was that like?

It was great because it was new. You know, comedy in itself was illegal. We had a few satirists but no - first of all, there were no black comedians. I mean, as a black person you were lucky if you're allowed to speak, never mind tell jokes in public, you know?So we had a few white South Africans who challenged the status quo, guys like Pieter-Dirk Uys, who was a legend in the country, and he got arrested many times. You got arrested if you did that. So for us young-uns, we came up and it was just this free speech - we had verbal diarrhea, just run around and just, you know, I can say this now. I can say anything now and that's what we've been doing.

Where did you learn the technique though?

From my family. Storytelling is an African tradition. You know, you laugh. And if you look at it, the history of comedy has always been strongest amongst the nations who have been persecuted the most. In America, the stronghold of comedy was always amongst Jewish people. And that's what many Jewish families have said, is that without their food and their laughter, they wouldn't have gotten through what happened to them as a people, you know?And that's what happened to black people all over the world. As you learned to find joy in your pain, you know, that's where the music comes from. That's where the culture comes from. That's literally - with the oppression will come the laughter.

turn 1 :  "It puts illegal behavior, in a way, on the same level as dislikable and unfair behavior" - The actual meaning is not that illegal behavior and dislikable behavior are being equated, but rather that both types of behavior are being reported anonymously without any substantiation, making it difficult to differentiate between them.

turn 1 : The speaker is asking about the tradition of political comedy in South Africa and whether there is a history of satirizing those in power. Implicated meaning: The speaker is curious about the role of comedy in South African politics and whether it has been used as a tool for dissent.

turn 1 : (2) A: "You know, comedy in itself was illegal." - The actual meaning here is not that comedy was explicitly illegal, but rather that it was risky and subversive to use humor to challenge the oppressive status quo in a society where certain groups were not allowed to speak freely.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: This turn's use of humor or sarcasm may indicate a deeper subtext or intention, highlighting the potential for indirect communication to convey complex messages.


turn 3 : The turn "Laughter" is not meant to indicate that someone is actually laughing but rather to acknowledge the humorous nature of the story being told.

turn 3 : In turn 4, "It's fun to write (laughter)" implies that the speaker enjoys writing a story which challenges the conventional expectations of the characters.

turn 3 : (4) A: "As you learned to find joy in your pain, you know, that's where the music comes from. That's where the culture comes from. That's literally - with the oppression will come the laughter." - The actual meaning here is not that laughter is a direct consequence of oppression, but rather that humor and storytelling can be powerful tools for coping with and resisting oppression, and that they can help build resilience and cultural identity in marginalized communities.

turn 3 : (2) Laughter could mean disbelief, surprise, or disbelief in what A just said.


(Laughter).

. . . The future seems to be getting here, doesn't it?

Well, we've always joked on "Men In Blazers," Scott, that soccer has been America's sport of the future since 1972. But that future is very much now. So next Friday, next Saturday we are holding BlazerCon, which is kind of a Comic-Con but for football. You could say it's like Comic-Con but nerdier, where football fans from across America will come together in Brooklyn and meet with some of the elite global thinkers who are shaping the tectonic plates of football from the Premier League Chairman Richard Scudamore, Christian Siefert, who runs Bundesliga, the gentleman that runs Liverpool, Manchester City, Everton Football Club, as well as the U. S.  women's national team players, MLS owners. It's going to be an absolute cacophony of really exploring joyously the future of football globally, but more importantly, I guess for us, how this game is going to evolve in America in the next decade.

Roger Bennett, host of "Men In Blazers," thanks so much. Hope to talk to you soon, Roger.

turn 0 : The speaker is expressing amusement at the topic being discussed.

turn 0 : The speaker is expressing surprise and amazement at the coincidence.

turn 0 : at the end of the day means something is likely going to happen or what happens after everything else.

turn 0 : The turn in (1) implies that the speaker is excited about the attention they're receiving because they have a history of making groundbreaking decisions in the political arena.

turn 0 : The speaker is expressing amusement at the idea of the future being here.


(Laughter).

turn 1 : The implied meaning of turn (1) is to hurry up and finish the task quickly.

turn 1 : A is implying that the topic is something that is futuristic, or ahead of its time.

turn 1 : The speaker is implying that the future is arriving faster than expected.

turn 1 : to look forward to something means they are excited for an event.


The videos of the embryos. He does sort of time lapse of human development, and it was really fascinating to watch, going from this sort of little hard to, you know, nondescript ball to what you would recognize. . .

As an embryo.

. . . as an embryo or a fetus.

This is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR. I'm Ira Flatow talking with Flora Lichtman about our Video Pick of the Week, and it's a - videos of embryos, all different kinds of embryos. So you got the film, the footage. . .

turn 0 : All the turns in this conversation appear to have their literal meanings, and there are no metaphors, figurative language or idioms used.

turn 0 : This is a figurative expression that describes the appearance of an early-stage embryo.

turn 0 : None of the turns in this conversation have a figurative or non-literal meaning.

turn 0 : "How did this start?" - This turn has a literal meaning and it is asking for the beginning of something.

turn 0 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer


As an embryo.

. . . as an embryo or a fetus.

turn 1 : Literally, this turn is a short response to A's previous statement about the time-lapse videos of human development. However, the implied meaning is that B understands and acknowledges A's previous statement about the videos featuring embryos, and is simply reiterating that fact.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using a metaphor or analogy to explain or describe something, often to make a complex idea easier to understand or to create a vivid image in the listener's mind.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using metaphors or analogies to convey a complex idea or emotion in a more relatable or understandable way.

turn 1 : Although the literal meaning of this turn is simply an acknowledgement or agreement, the implied meaning behind it is that the speaker may not be fully engaged or interested in the conversation. It could be interpreted as a way of signaling disinterest or a desire to move on to a different topic.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using a metaphor or analogy to convey a deeper meaning or idea, often related to emotions or personal experiences.


As an embryo.

. . . as an embryo or a fetus.

turn 1 : This is an idiomatic expression that refers to a selected video for the week, rather than a literal pick of a video.

turn 1 : Now I know you like to limit the size of your video pick to like three or four minutes." Literal meaning: The speaker has learned that the person being addressed prefers videos that are three or four minutes long. Actual meaning: The speaker is likely to be suggesting that the person being addressed limit their video pick to a short length of time, possibly due to some constraint such as the attention span of the intended audience.

turn 1 : The implication is that the person realised something about the video - it did not literally hit them.

turn 1 : B: "And in your video - it's our Video Pick of the Week, which you have called the best laboratory in the world?" In this turn, the phrase "best laboratory in the world" is likely being used metaphorically to describe the quality or significance of the subject being discussed in the video, rather than referring to an actual physical laboratory.


As an embryo.

. . . as an embryo or a fetus.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be subtly implying that they are not interested in continuing a conversation or that they would prefer to end the discussion.

turn 2 : Although the literal meaning of this turn is simply an acknowledgement or agreement, the implied meaning behind it is that the speaker may not be fully engaged or interested in the conversation. It could be interpreted as a way of signaling disinterest or a desire to move on to a different topic.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker is trying to indirectly communicate a message or request to the listener.

turn 2 :  is to sing, but the implied meaning is to not take the conversation in the direction being presented.

turn 2 : his is an idiomatic expression that refers to a conversation or discussion, rather than a literal act of talking with someone.


It's very different, obviously, from normal public sculpture. I have to use materials which obviously don't pollute in any way, that are friendly to the marine life. They're also durable. The idea, especially with a lot of the tropical pieces that make artificial reefs, is that they're going to be around for a very long time. Obviously corals, you know, can - hard corals can take ages to really get established.

Do the elements always behave as you would like them to?Is that a real challenge?

It works in both ways. I mean, obviously they're all designed to change and evolve in the ecosystem where they're placed. And sometimes that provides spectacular results. You know, we get sort of pink and purple corals and sponges and all these amazing things growing on them and morphing them. And that only adds to them. They really sort of then become alive. But also you're in this really kind of difficult environment. You're in the sea. So in tropical areas, you get big hurricanes, you get the surges of waves. And so with that in mind, you know, I really have to sort of program them then so they're fixed. And that can be a challenge.

I wonder, is part of the appeal you want to make to people with these installations, you have to work a little to see them?

turn 3 : (4) implies that part of the appeal of the installations is that people have to work to see them, rather than them being immediately visible.

turn 3 : They are implying that they are short on time

turn 3 : a little foggy implies that the people do not have exact information

turn 3 : something that was hinted at or suggested, but not directly stated.


Greetings.

The WHO says the crisis is worse than they'd estimated. What are you hearing?

Indeed. And Keiji Fukuda of the WHO is warning that the speed and the spread of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa is unprecedented. And he says it has never spread as fast and over such a large area. We're talking about four countries. It started in Guinea and then crossed the border into Sierra Leone and then Liberia with a few cases in Nigeria, Africa's most populous nation. And he cites factors such as families hiding sick relative, as you said, Scott, instead of taking them early to Ebola health centers, which, of course, gives them the best chance of survival. And the WHO describes what it calls shadow zones. That medical workers cannot enter because of resistance from communities. And we've seen problems like that in Liberia - the hardest hit of the countries.

And what countries are blocking entry to travelers and how is that likely to affect them?

turn 3 : Literally, turn (4) is asking for information about which countries are blocking entry to travelers and how that will affect them. However, the implied meaning is that B is concerned about the impact of travel restrictions on those countries and possibly on the global effort to contain the Ebola epidemic.

turn 3 :  Implied meaning: There is a fear of the spread of Zika, malaria, cholera, and other diseases due to the lack of access to aid.

turn 3 : (2).  In this turn, B says "I don't want to leave the conversation with you without asking what can the world do as far as you're concerned?" which literally means that B wants to know what the world can do to help. However, the implied meaning here is that B is acknowledging the gravity of the situation and the need for collective action to address the Ebola outbreak. This turn is an example of rhetorical questioning, where the speaker asks a question for effect rather than to elicit a direct answer.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be suggesting that there are some hidden or unknown factors that could influence the situation being discussed.

turn 3 : The literal meaning of the turn is to ask what role the United States can play in trying to combat human trafficking. The implied meaning is to ask what role the United States should play in trying to combat human trafficking.


Well, speaking of that, sir, you're the only Democrat to support President Trump's nominee for CIA director, Gina Haspel. Republican SEnator McCain won't support her. Why does she have your vote?

Gina Haspel has my vote. I sat on in intelligence, so I've been privileged as one of a hundred senators - there's only 15 of us to get to see the deep dive, if you will, into the intelligence. That gives me the comfort level I have. Forget about being a Democrat or a Republican. Here's a woman of impeccable career with the United States government, working in some of the most dangerous places in the world. She's done everything asked about. She didn't break any laws. No one said she's broken a law. They're asking her on her moral values. After 9/11, this was the rules of engagement of what they were doing for intelligence gathering. I have not found a reason for me not to vote for the most qualified person I've ever seen come before us in that agency. She was - she was not in charge. And everyone makes it look like she made these decisions. They were not her decisions to make.

Senator Joe Manchin of West Virginia, thank you so much for speaking with us.

Thank you, Lulu.

turn 1 : He would be fulfilling a government role and Trump makes it look like he does all of the work.

turn 1 : He is a reliable source of information and is knowledgeable and qualified and what he says can be trusted.

turn 1 : He does not have many ways to solve the problems as of yet.

turn 1 : He worked on the intelligence committee and learned a great deal of things that most people don't know about the world.

turn 1 : The people have seen what he is capable of and believe he posses the skills and abilities to win.


What are you going to do when your internet connection goes down?

We have actually, so far, been able - we have reporters who are also out of town that we're in touch with. We're determined that we're going to keep reports on this storm on the internet, no matter how we do it. We've got a lot of backup for that at www. dailycomet. com and at Houmatoday. com.

We're determined that we're going to keep reports on this storm on the internet, no matter how we do it. We've got a lot of backup for that at www. dailycomet. com and at Houmatoday. com. We didn't stop yet and we don't plan to stop.

You have reporters out trying to cover this story all over where this hurricane is going. There must be some point where you say and where the reporters say to you "Hey, I got to stop for a while because there's a hurricane coming. "

turn 1 : People are starting to notice and take action on the issue.

turn 1 : The Daily Stormer readers are not just exchanging information but also inciting each other to commit violent acts.

turn 1 : Despite any obstacles, they are committed to reporting on the storm via the internet.

turn 1 : No one is currently out due to the strong winds

turn 1 : The constant weather warnings are taking an emotional toll on people.


turn 2 : The situation is concerning enough that it could make someone anxious, despite the monitoring systems in place.

turn 2 : B is asking about A's plans after the storm, assuming that they are in the hospital for a reason.

turn 2 : They will continue reporting on the storm via the internet no matter what.

turn 2 : The scale of the flooding is massive and poses a serious threat to infrastructure and public safety.

turn 2 : We are taking strict actions against irresponsible prescribers.


OK.  Let's talk taxes. The latest GOP tax plan sailed through the House of Representatives this week. It's now in the Senate. What will be the greatest challenge there. Could it fail there, or is it likely to pass?They need a win.

Well, they already have - the Republicans already have some problems going on with even some of their most conservative members. So you've got Ron Johnson from Wisconsin who's already said, I won't vote for this bill in the way it stands. Someone like Susan Collins objects to the fact that the repeal of the individual mandate - the health care mandate - has been attached to this bill. So while it passed through the House pretty easily, the Senate is an incredibly different climate. You have people like Bob Corker and Jeff Flake who are a little bit of - you know, they're sticking in the craw of Republican leaderships because they're - you know, they're sort of doing. . .

Deficit hawks. Yeah.

Yes, exactly.

turn 1 : The implied meaning of this turn is that Democrats might not be interested in a bipartisan effort since their own plan has been successful.

turn 1 :  implies that the Democrats should not become complacent with their current demographics and should focus on further outreach

turn 1 : This last Republican debate may have been the most contentious, at least between the candidates and the questioners. What do you see as the immediate fallout?"  In this turn, the implied meaning is that the Republican debate was highly intense and filled with conflict, especially between the candidates and the questioners. The speaker is asking about the immediate consequences or repercussions of such a heated debate, suggesting that there might be significant outcomes or effects stemming from it. The implied meaning goes beyond a simple description of the debate's level of contention.

turn 1 : "Well, they already have - the Republicans already have some problems going on with even some of their most conservative members." - The literal meaning is that some conservative members of the Republican party are having issues. The implied meaning is that the Republicans are facing challenges within their own party and may have difficulty passing the tax plan in the Senate.

turn 1 :  This turn actually means that people should not expect to "love" Donald Trump as the Republican nominee, but should come together as a party to face the challenges that lie ahead.


Deficit hawks. Yeah.

Yes, exactly.

turn 3 : The Legislature wants to get the governor out of office before dealing with a huge budget deficit and the dysfunctional relationship between them.

turn 3 : (4) - The actual meaning is that the Republican Party's leadership is being questioned due to their inability to pass important legislation and their slow response to certain issues, such as the hurricane in Puerto Rico.

turn 3 : (3) The actual meaning is that Republicans may see this tax bill as an opportunity to demonstrate their ability to govern, having control of the Senate, the House, and the presidency.

turn 3 :  (4) - This turn implies that A will support McConnell if he succeeds in passing the tax plan, and that the Republicans still have a chance to win.

turn 3 : "Deficit hawks. Yeah." - The literal meaning is that Bob Corker and Jeff Flake are concerned about the deficit. The implied meaning is that they are causing issues for the Republican leadership because they may not support the tax plan if it adds to the deficit.


China's been the fastest-growing major economy in the world for decades. That growth is slowing now. Last month's devaluation of China's currency shook global trading markets. And this week, Treasury Secretary Jack Lew said the U. S.  will hold China accountable for exchange rate fluctuations that caused the recent stock market plunge. But the numbers from China's state-controlled economy are always a little suspect. NPR's Frank Langfitt is traveling in western China to see what the real economy looks like outside of Shanghai. Frank, thanks for being with us.

Good morning, Scott.

And tell us where you are and what you're seeing, please.

Well, I'm in this place called Luliang. It's a city of three to four million, very large area, and it's coal country. There are mountains. There are factories. It's kind of a little like China's Appalachia in a way, except a big difference is until recently, the place was really booming. If you went back to 2010, GDP here was 21 percent. It was enormous. Last year, the place went into recession and was down actually 2 percent. And basically, the last couple days I've been driving all over the area, and the economy here is really a mess.

turn 3 : The literal meaning of this turn is simply a confirmation question about China's status as the largest coal user and producer. However, the implied meaning is that China's heavy reliance on coal for energy production contradicts their efforts towards renewable energy and environmental benefits. This turn serves as a counterpoint to the previous discussion about China's growth in renewable energy and job opportunities in that sector.

turn 3 : In turn (4), the implied meaning is that the Chinese Ministry of State Security is trying to take revenge for the U.S. FBI catching their spies in the U.S.

turn 3 : The literal meaning of (4) is that the speaker is physically located in Luliang, a city in China's coal country, and is observing the area's economy. However, the implied meaning is that the speaker is reporting on the current state of China's economy outside of Shanghai,

turn 3 : The implied meaning of the speaker's turn is that China is taking advantage of its renewable energy resources, not just for environmental benefits, but also for economic growth and job creation.

turn 3 : "China has a role in this?"  The actual meaning of this turn goes beyond the literal question. The speaker is implying that China may have some level of involvement or influence in the situation being discussed, suggesting a potential factor that contributes to the problem.


Donald Trump questioned John McCain's war heroism. He suggested that Senator Ted Cruz's father was involved with the Kennedy assassination. He slurred Senator Cruz's wife. What do you say to colleagues who just say, I'm sorry, our nominee just shouldn't be someone who talks like that?

Well, you know, and I've heard that from a number of people. And I've said to them, look, you know what, not asking you to fall in love with him. Let's just fall in line as a party because we're facing now the greatest challenge I think we've seen, not just as a party but our country.

And I'm more concerned with a Never Hillary (laughter) than a Never Trump. And I just don't understand how an Obama, Clinton or Sanders agenda would be good for the country. And I'm just thinking right now for our country, we need to come together. For our party, we need to come together.

Republicans have called Donald Trump a demagogue and a racist - prominent Republicans - for statements on mass deportations, Mexican immigrants and barring Muslims from the United States. What do you say to them?

turn 1 : (1) - The actual meaning is that every president in their first year faces unexpected challenges, and Donald Trump is currently facing one. He may be feeling the pressure and acting out as a result.

turn 1 : In statement 1, the speaker is subtly suggesting that the Republican friends should be open-minded and consider the possibility of voting for Trump in the upcoming election

turn 1 : The implied meaning of this turn is that Democrats might not be interested in a bipartisan effort since their own plan has been successful.


turn 2 : Implies that the speaker is asking for the other person's opinion about the political implications of the current situation.

turn 2 : In statement 1, the speaker is subtly suggesting that the Republican friends should be open-minded and consider the possibility of voting for Trump in the upcoming election

turn 2 :  This turn actually means that the speaker is more concerned with the alternative (Hillary Clinton, Barack Obama, or Bernie Sanders) than with a "Never Trump" attitude, and that it is important for the country and party to come together despite any reservations about Trump.

turn 2 : The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker is a supporter of Obama and is not afraid to express it publicly, even if it goes against the expectations of his mother.

turn 2 : Implied meaning for turn (3): The questioner assumes that the speaker decided to support Donald Trump based on something he said, but the speaker clarifies that his decision was based on Trump's track record of job creation, as well as input from other people involved in the election.


Absolutely. In fact, Dr.  Landreth and his colleagues have replied to these four and said no, no, no, wait. I mean, while the general tenor is you've got four papers that didn't replicate our findings, there are elements of these papers that, in fact, do replicate their findings.

So, in particular, some of the behaviors improved in some of the animals that were tested in these other studies, and a particular form of the amyloid - the so-called soluble amyloid, or the oligomeric form of the amyloid - was in fact replicated in these other papers.

So Dr.  Landreth and colleagues are saying no, no, no. I mean, some features weren't, but in general, the basic premise was replicated.

Since that original study came out, did you have patients that actually came to specifically asking for this drug based on the reports they heard in the news?

turn 0 : General tenor means that the basic idea is true but there is conflicting data.

turn 0 : you imply that something is the case

turn 0 : They are implying what is your opinion

turn 0 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer


Well, the main thing is it's this stew of ingredients that really never quite come together right. We have people from all over the world who come here to visit and to party and it's a lot of them just to live or to get away from something. Then we have the fact that it's basically a swamp. I mean, I live in a swamp. Right now, we have an infestations of Burmese pythons, gigantic snakes, roaming around the Everglades, and it just never, ever calms down. down here.

You make it sound like it's a city that's been only nominally reclaimed from the wilds of swampland.

It hasn't been reclaimed. When I first moved here, the first day of my life as a homeowner in South Florida, I walked out onto my lawn to get the newspaper, and on my lawn were crabs. Like, not just a few but hundreds and hundreds of crabs, and they were not happy about me being there because it turns out it was crab mating season. And they were, like, waving their pinchers at me, like, angrily, like, I wanted to mate with their women. I didn't want their women. Their women are crabs, you know. But they didn't know that - or maybe they were bitter about that. I don't know. But I remember sprinting back into my house barefoot, afraid to go out and get the paper. I thought where I have I moved?I lived in Pennsylvania. We had crabgrass. But here we have crabs.

You really love Miami, don't you?You're from Pennsylvania, but you really love Miami.

turn 0 : The food in a region is influenced by its religion and proximity to other countries.

turn 0 : stew of ingredients implies that the people that live there come from varying backgrounds

turn 0 : bunch of its residents implies many people living within the area

turn 0 : Producing beef has a significant impact on the environment.

turn 0 : The town has farms and preserves as part of its tradition.


We have - what we've done is we have our reporters strategically placed in such a way that they are as safe as we could expect under the circumstances. We're certainly not going to ask them to do anything that's foolish. They're embedded with authorities at different places and so they're, you know, following the instructions of the emergency personnel that they are with.

When you say that 90 percent of the people have left the area, 10 percent haven't. Who's staying behind after the devastation of three years ago and why?

Some of the people who stayed behind or have said they're staying behind we've spoken to, are just very stubborn people who have said that they're not leaving, that they didn't have to leave for the other storms and that they're not leaving for this one. I've spoken with a few of them.

John DeSantos, city editor for the Daily Comet from Thibodeaux, Louisiana.

turn 0 : Journalists sometimes face danger, and killing them won't stop the truth.

turn 0 : News coverage can cause people to pay more attention to things that were happening anyway.

turn 0 : The reporter tries to avoid getting caught up in the action.

turn 0 : The news organization prioritizes accuracy over speed in reporting breaking news (1 suspect in custody confirmed)

turn 0 : Reporters are in dangerous situations but being cautious