So tell us why. Why is it that some parts of the country are so twister prone?

Yeah. Well, the United States itself, we have this dubious honor of sitting right in the collision zone between really cold air masses coming down from Canada and moist, warm air that comes up from the Gulf of Mexico. And so the well-known Tornado Alley is a convergence zone, couple that with the position of jet stream and other factors that we as meteorologists look for, a dry, mid-layer or wind sheer, and you have the perfect ingredients for tornadoes.

Most tornadoes affect the United States east of the Rocky Mountains. And in fact, there is another alley we call Dixie Alley because if you look at a map of climatological occurrence of tornadoes, there are areas in the South as well that seemed to get quite a few tornadoes. But certainly this region, as you were leading into the story, was an area that we would've expected tornadoes for May 20th based on climatology.

Well, let's talk about the forecasting because one of the amazing parts of sort of science of this story was that hours before, the National Weather Service locally issued a warning that there might be a tornado. And it was pretty spot-on, it sounded like.

turn 0 : The tensions do not cool as they are hot but they do lesson.

turn 0 : It changes the way you think about the situation. Russia wants to capitalize on everyone's problems in the region.

turn 0 : A wasn't willing to risk his fingers to summit K2

turn 0 : The situation is uncertain and they need to take it one step at a time

turn 0 : They want to k now why some parts of the countries have twisters a lot.


turn 1 : The tornadoes did not actually hit but touched down in the areas.

turn 1 :  B states that "Getting up so many mornings of the year not knowing whether or not a tornado might come churning through your street must make a different kind of person." The implied meaning here is that people who live in areas prone to tornadoes must be resilient and adaptable in order to deal with the constant threat of danger. The literal meaning is simply that living in an area prone to tornadoes must create a different type of person.

turn 1 : On tornadoes there is not a lot of peer review literature to read. There are more articles and studies on climate change and drought and other things. If the person were to glance at articles in those areas he would still find very few on tornadic activity.

turn 1 : The forecast for the tornado warning was exactly right for the place and time it issued it.

turn 1 : Tornado Alley is the area of the country that has the most tornadoes.


Yeah. It's the fastest and oldest field game in the world, as far as we're concerned, and the only sport that I can really compare to - and you've alluded to it yourself - would be lacrosse. And to American viewers or listeners, sometimes I try and explain it as ice hockey on grass except for the ball leaves the ground and travels at speeds of up to 140 kilometers an hour. It's extremely brave. They wear minimal padding. And it's a full-contact sport.

And tell us about the hurling stick because I've seen those. They're - if I may - to an American audience, they look a little bit like something you'd use to handle a pizza in a brick oven.

(Laughter) I've been told they look like a large spoon. It's a coral-shaped (ph) stick. And at the end of the - at the bottom, it's called a bas where you strike the ball. The ball is made of leather. And it's called a sliotar. The hurley's supposed to reach from your foot up to your hip and is generally about 33, 34 inches for a grown adult.

Do you think that hurling expresses some intrinsic aspect of the Irish spirit?

turn 0 :  (2) implies that although golf is considered the most boring sport in America, it is still successful.

turn 0 : Comparing hurling to ice hockey on grass is a better way to explain it to American viewers than saying it's the fastest and oldest field game in the world

turn 0 : level playing field implies that all things rightly set in place or things happening as supposed and not a football field

turn 0 : Professional football is still popular, but it has declined in viewership and raised concerns over players' safety and political protests.


Oh, absolutely. The lactobacillus have been around for many years, thousands of years, perhaps millions of years, and they are already, you know, well identified as being able to survive in the human body and thought to be, quote, "beneficial," unquote, bacteria.

Mm-hmm. And it's just a question of testing this out, I would imagine.

Well, yes. So the investigators did test it on human cells, like in a petri dish, where they caused them to get inflamed and then show that by giving them this bacteria, that produces the LFn that decreased that, too. So they've done it in live mice. They've done it in human cells.

Right.

turn 2 : they are performing experiments on mice, and the mice are all dead

turn 2 : (3) In turn (3), the speaker is talking about molecular cuisine, which is a type of cooking that uses scientific techniques to create new and unusual dishes. The implied meaning is that while molecular cuisine can be interesting and exciting to try, it may not be satisfying or enjoyable in the long run. The speaker prefers traditional cooking methods that are familiar and comforting

turn 2 : mice play a crucial role in the scientific research conducted by the speaker.

turn 2 : the speaker uses the phrase "in a petri dish" which literally means a flat dish used to culture cells. However, in this context, the speaker is using it to refer to an artificial environment created in a laboratory setting. Similarly, the phrase "live mice" in this context is used to refer to real, living mice that were used in an experiment.


This may sound naive, but do you think it works?Do you think what you are doing makes a difference?

Actually, yeah. I had to say so, most of the time. A child just needs some attention, little bit of guidance, you know. And just needs to know that they are not alone in this world. You know, with all these things going on around them, despite the environment that they are living in. Just to know that somebody is there and somebody is willing to listen. And willing to, you know, say wait, you know, whatever situation you maybe in. There is - you always have a choice, you know?

Mario, thank you.

OK.

turn 1 :  The statement implies that it's easier to manage the situation if the children are in a familiar environment.

turn 1 : Speaking, reading, and singing to young children is important for their growth and development

turn 1 : Mothers who have lost their children recognize and approach each other for comfort.

turn 1 : Adults tend to make mistakes and create chaos when they meddle in things that are meant for teenagers.

turn 1 : Children need attention, guidance, and someone to listen to them, despite their environment.


The technology is there, but it's rare. And there isn't - there aren't that many vehicles that can operate at these sorts of depths.

We realize you're thousands of miles away from the scene, but do you have any strong feelings about whether this ping is for real?

It's very difficult to tell. I've seen the pictures. I've seen the news report. I've seen the data that they're collecting. The fact that they have picked up two separate pinger systems - and bear in mind, the 777 has two pingers on board - does lee credence to the fact that this is probably, and I emphasize probably, the MH370 on the seafloor.

Simon Boxall, an oceanographer at Southampton University in Britain. Thanks so much for being with us.

turn 2 : Literally, turn (4) is asking for information about which countries are blocking entry to travelers and how that will affect them. However, the implied meaning is that B is concerned about the impact of travel restrictions on those countries and possibly on the global effort to contain the Ebola epidemic.

turn 2 :  implies the speaker is asking what would make the best outcome for the speaker's book if the identity of the ship was discovered.

turn 2 : (4). While the literal meaning of the turn is that President Obama will be somewhere, the actual meaning is unclear without further context. It is possible that the speaker is asking whether the person they are speaking to wants President Obama to make a statement or take action regarding Sandy's situation, but this is not explicitly stated.

turn 2 : In (3), the implied meaning is that the oceanographer is suggesting that the ping signal is most likely coming from the MH370 plane, but the oceanographer is not 100% sure.


It's "Someone Who Will Love You In All Your Damaged Glory. "And I love that phrase, damaged glory, and it comes in the context of a story where a drunk woman slurs into the narrator's ear, you deserve someone who will love you and all your damaged glory. What does that phrase, damaged glory, mean to you?

What I like about it - what I think it invokes - or evokes. Does it invoke or evoke?

I think it evokes.

Yeah. What I think the phrase vokes (ph) and then you can edit in an en or an E.

turn 0 : A is expressing a desire for love and acceptance, despite making mistakes.

turn 0 : Turn: "didn't quite get the same glory" Actual meaning: Did not receive the same recognition or fame.

turn 0 : The speaker believes that humans are both wonderful and flawed, but still deserving of love

turn 0 : The phrase 'damaged glory' refers to someone's flaws and imperfections, which should be embraced and loved.

turn 0 : The literal meaning is that the speaker is expressing love and gratitude towards their mother. However, the implied meaning is that the speaker's mother had a difficult childhood and overcame it to become a great parent to the speaker.


Human smugglers prey on the desperation of people who flee war and oppression. Human traffickers have made millions moving people across borders, without regard to safety. Thousands of people have died, locked in packed trucks or trapped in sinking ships. Remember the so-called ghost ships, crowded with Syrian refugees, set on a course to crash into the Italian coast.

Italian prosecutors are trying to track and arrest smugglers, arguing that organized criminal gangs who run these smuggling rings are mobsters and ought to be prosecuted like the Mafia. Using survivor testimony and wiretaps, six alleged traffickers are now on trial in connection with a shipwreck in which more than 300 asylum-seekers drowned. Gery Ferrara is part of an elite prosecution team in Italy, and he joins us from Palermo. Thanks very much for being with us.

Thank you for inviting me.

How do you trace these smuggling networks because I'm - I would guess they take some pains to disguise themselves?

turn 1 : It is being implied that the criminals are having a difficult time.

turn 1 : highlighting the deceptive tactics used by traffickers to convince girls that there are job opportunities in the Middle East as teachers or nurses, but in reality, they are being trafficked and subjected to exploitation.

turn 1 : They are trying to ask what happen in Europe

turn 1 : They are worried about any negative consequences of their actions and will fix them quickly.

turn 1 : Italian officials are attempting to punish traffickers harshly, similar to how they would treat members of organized crime syndicates.


Yeah. So one of those ideas is quite simple, and it's to make the ice bigger. These players out on the ice are massive and fast. And they're running into each other at incredible speeds. And the thought is that if you go to a larger ice surface like they have in Europe, like they have in Olympic hockey, that gives more room to skate, less strife, less collisions, things like that. So that's one idea.

But what it comes down to as well is just the administration of the game and an administrator who has influence over the rules being able to step forward and say, I'm going to put the health and safety of players first. And what they can do - just a few years ago in the Ontario Hockey League in Canada, they brought in a rule that says if you fight more than three times in a season, you're suspended for every fight subsequent to that.

And what do hockey players love most?They love to play the game of hockey. So when you take that away, it really cuts down on the fighting. And what you know what they did?In one season, with the stroke of a pen, they cut fighting in half. So it can be done. It simply requires vision and a courage of conviction.

Jeremy Allingham is a journalist with the CBC, and his new book is called "Major Misconduct: The Human Cost Of Fighting In Hockey. "Jeremy, thank you for talking with us about this.

turn 1 : No one is getting tackled. The people are trying to solve the problem the wrong way.

turn 1 : The ruling drastically reduces the number of fights during a game

turn 1 : 1- The speaker got into a fight because someone hit him after he danced with someone else's partner. It was a territorial dispute between gangs. It was also a way to gain respect. 4- The speaker was surrounded by guys and warned his friend not to give up.

turn 1 : The judge rejected the law so hard that it's being compared to striking something down.

turn 1 : The opponent is a strong and worthy adversary.


You'd hear it - kind of like a whistling noise. And you'd also hear the trees kind of swaying outside the windows.

After the storm passed, they were able to return to their hospital room, where they slept through the night.

First thing in the morning, I went home to check on my house. I saw multiple trees down in our neighborhood. Some were even close to some of my neighbors' houses. But it was a relief when we found out that my house was intact.

They'd lost a grapefruit tree. Their yard was a mess, though, and the power was out. So Susie went to Gainesville to recover at her parents' house. Ben spent the week cleaning up at home and thinking about what preparations to make for the next hurricane.

turn 2 : The speaker's house was not damaged by the hurricane

turn 2 : The speaker is taking measures to protect their home from potential storms in the future

turn 2 : The hurricane caused severe destruction and devastation in the area.

turn 2 : People were evacuated to avoid the storm surge


Global warming?

Global warming, you know, is warming or changes in the, you know, there are two theories right now kind of competing, although it's probably some of the both. Natural cycles versus anthropogenic causes in global warming. And both have been identified in records of gulfstream modulation or the changing of its speeds.

Yeah. Water will also - changing the temperatures, water gets warmer. We all know it expands and rises sea levels. So there's three causes of sea level rise. One, the land can sink or rise up. That will change sea levels of the coasts. Warming of the water, as it gets warmer, it expands, and sea level will go up. And you can add water essentially to the bathtub by melting ice sheets from the. . .

turn 2 : There are no idiomatic expressions or figurative language in this turn.

turn 2 : The turn "If the water gets - just gets warmer, though, doesn't it expand the volume of it?" is an example of literal language. The speaker is referring to the scientific fact that water expands as it warms.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker is hinting at something indirectly and expects the listener to read between the lines.

turn 2 :  A's turn does not contain any figurative language. The speaker is expressing their genuine reaction to the artist's work.

turn 2 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer


And she had been through family illnesses and the death of her husband and all these things. But she said that the comment, the Don Imus comment about "nappy-headed hoes," referring to her team at Rutgers, was the toughest thing she'd been through. How did you feel when that statement was made and hit the news?

I felt saddened again. I felt like, wow, are you serious?Like, here we are in 2007 and once again, I don't know if at times, we - and I say we, I don't know if black people or just we Californians or we some people - just feel like, wow, we've really passed that point. Like it doesn't really exist, or you don't experience it so much, that I guess when we do experience it, you're just like, you feel like you have to take another step back.

What do you see coming up?You've done modeling, been to the Olympics, you know, obviously you're a wife and mother. What do you see coming up for you?

I have the Lisa Leslie Basketball Academy, which is great because I never wanted to lend my name without being able to give back to the youth myself. And this is a place where the kids can come out and play. And they will be able to learn and go through drills. And I also have a camp. Also I see me doing public speaking. I really think that our youth needs to hear positive stories like mine, and just see that it doesn't matter what your situation is at home.

turn 0 : Despite facing several difficult situations, the Imus ordeal made the person feel powerless

turn 0 : The teams were not upset emotionally but picked to win and lost.

turn 0 : The Don Imus comment caused emotional pain to the coach and her team

turn 0 : He said that he had a huge emotional reaction to the testimony.

turn 0 : They got a lot of people complaining about what they spoke about.


Well, it is. It starts off in Pumalin Park, which is temperate rain forest - so think of the coast of British Columbia - all the way down into the grassland/steppe areas toward the tip of the country. It really encompasses almost every ecotone that one would find in the south of the country.

We should note this is now the largest private donation of land to a government ever. You and your husband ran this place as a park for a long time. I've been there. And it is indeed just one of the most beautiful places I've ever been. Why hand it over to the government of Chile?

Well, you know, we grew up within the national parks here in the United States. And there is a sense of, I would even say, ownership by every American who goes through the front gates of Yellowstone or Yosemite, that those are public parks. They belong to everybody. And Chile is no different. We hope that somehow between the creation of national parks, the development of what we call economic development as a consequence of conservation that precious masterpieces of the country will be preserved forever.

Have you gotten guarantees, though, that the government of Chile will run it in a way that's sustainable?There have been concerns about the capacity of the government of Chile to really run these parks in the same way that you've run them.

turn 1 : The literal meaning of this turn is that some people may question whether the President of the United States, who is from the South Side, is a role model for people in that area. However, the implied meaning is that the President should be doing more to address the issues and problems faced by the people in the South Side. The speaker is suggesting that the President has a responsibility to use his position to help the community and that some people may feel disappointed by his lack of action.

turn 1 : This turn does not literally mean that the speaker is asking for an explanation of why the land is being handed over to the government of Chile, but rather implies a more rhetorical question that suggests that the land is so beautiful and valuable that it might seem strange to give it away. The speaker is actually acknowledging the value of the land and asking the interviewee to explain the rationale behind the decision to donate it to the government.

turn 1 : (2) The literal meaning of this turn is a simple question, but the implied meaning is that the speaker wants to know what actions can be taken to address the issue being discussed and is seeking guidance or suggestions.

turn 1 : In turn (2), the speaker acknowledges that people who own properties are more likely to benefit from property buyouts. However, the implied meaning is that the property buyout program may reinforce existing socioeconomic disparities, as people with more wealth are generally more often property owners. This suggests that the program may not be equally accessible to everyone, which is different from the literal meaning of the turn.

turn 1 : In this turn, the speaker is not just providing a straightforward answer to the question asked by the interviewer. Instead, they are using the opportunity to condemn the violent behavior of protesters and emphasize the importance of peaceful demonstrations. The implied meaning is that the government does have a policy for dealing with protesters, but the speaker is more interested in making a statement about the need for peaceful protest.


turn 2 : In turn (2), the speaker acknowledges that people who own properties are more likely to benefit from property buyouts. However, the implied meaning is that the property buyout program may reinforce existing socioeconomic disparities, as people with more wealth are generally more often property owners. This suggests that the program may not be equally accessible to everyone, which is different from the literal meaning of the turn.

turn 2 : In this turn, the speaker is using the phrase "ownership" in a figurative sense, meaning a sense of responsibility, connection, and stewardship towards national parks, rather than actual legal ownership.

turn 2 : "And no one's above the law. This guy's family has got $2.7 billion." - Literal meaning: The person's wealth is irrelevant to the statement that no one is above the law. Actual meaning: None. This turn is meant literally.

turn 2 : to hold something in this context means that the person has power


turn 3 : In this turn, the speaker is using the phrase "run it in a way that's sustainable" in a metaphorical sense, meaning to manage the park in a way that preserves its natural resources and ecological balance, rather than just its financial profitability.

turn 3 : The implied meaning of the speaker's turn is that China is taking advantage of its renewable energy resources, not just for environmental benefits, but also for economic growth and job creation.

turn 3 : "Let's use the recession to start creating a green economy." - The literal meaning is that during a recession, the speaker proposes investing in creating a green economy. The actual meaning is that the speaker sees an opportunity to address global warming and energy independence issues by investing in a green economy during a recession, which could create jobs and stimulate economic growth

turn 3 :  The speaker is using running as a metaphor for the struggles and sacrifices that are necessary in life and the importance of embracing them, even when they are difficult.


Are you going to zap it and drill it?Because I know you have a big drill onboard, too.

Yes, we will. We hope to. The idea of this drive is to give us time to check out the rest of the sampling hardware. We will be able to take ChemCam laser measurements as we go, but we do need to do a little bit more work to check out the scoop, for example, and the drill. And so that'll take us, you know, probably another month or so to get all that hardware checked out.

By that point, we hope to be at the - in the area of the Glenelg area, and so it'll be good timing to try to get our first samples.

So you'll be testing out while you're moving, along the way?

turn 0 : It is not actually zapped. It has been exposed to radiation.

turn 0 : Creating the semiconductor laser required trial and error.

turn 0 : to get your hands on something is to buy something, or to touch something, in this case the person was getting a gun

turn 0 : B is asking for more information about the suspects

turn 0 : B said zap it and drill it by zap they mean by firing a laser.


The field is shrinking. That's the first thing that's happened. There are going to be 10 candidates and only 10. And for the first time, you're going to see the top three candidates standing next to each other in the center stage. That's Joe Biden, who's been leading the polls, Elizabeth Warren and Bernie Sanders. And what most people are waiting to see is if there will be a Warren-Biden clash.

OK. So of those three candidates you just named, Joe Biden remains still at the top of the Democratic field. But he hasn't had really great debate performances. So the one question I have is, how much do debates really matter to the campaign?

You know, you can make an argument that the debates really haven't mattered much because look at Joe Biden. He's still on top of the field even though he has not had a good performance in the debates. Elizabeth Warren has moved up steadily, but not because of anything she did in the debates. It's because she's had all these plans, and she's performed well on the campaign trail. But in one sense, the debates are having an impact, and it's a negative one because the overall image of the Democrats and their policy ideas has gotten more negative among the general electorate as this debate season has gone on.

Interesting. The debates have not been great PR for the Democratic Party. Well, Elizabeth Warren has been gaining support the past few months. She's going to be facing Joe Biden onstage for the first time. What do you think her hardest challenges are going to be onstage?

turn 0 : level playing field implies that all things rightly set in place or things happening as supposed and not a football field

turn 0 : The field is not getting physically smaller, it has less candidates.

turn 0 : None . There's nothing in this that implies anything.


turn 0 : it is a metaphorical field, it just means there are not as many candidates running for the election as there was in the past because some decided not to continue running

turn 0 : (1) - The actual meaning is that every president in their first year faces unexpected challenges, and Donald Trump is currently facing one. He may be feeling the pressure and acting out as a result.

turn 0 : has a literal meaning of "Yes, the numbers aren't looking good for the person," but its actual meaning is "It looks like the person isn't likely to succeed."

turn 0 : People who usually would vote for the Republican candidate are considering voting for Hillary Clinton instead.

turn 0 : Everyone is talking about something that no one can deny as everyone sees it. It might not upset people who like Bernie Sanders and make them want to vote for someone else.


turn 1 : The people have seen what he is capable of and believe he posses the skills and abilities to win.

turn 1 : top pick usually means the number one choice

turn 1 : there isn't a "top" of a field... it just means he is performing the best currently

turn 1 : (2) Implied meaning: The speaker is acknowledging that while some people consider Pete Reiser to be one of the greatest ballplayers of all time, his career was plagued by multiple collisions with outfield walls, which may have prevented him from achieving even greater success.

turn 1 : "Top of the world" is not literal, it just means the man was very successful at the time.


And in the end, what has speech enabled us to do as a species?

It's enabled us to think up strategies to head off what you think might be about to happen, and the strategies depend upon memory. And speech is a fantastic memory device. There's absolutely nothing like it, and I think it's time for people who are interested in evolution to say that the theory of evolution applies only - only to animals.

Tom Wolfe - his book - "The Kingdom Of Speech. "Thanks so much for being with us.

My pleasure, thank you very, very much for having me, Scott.

turn 0 : Speech has enabled us to communicate more effectively and creatively, enabling us to come up with solutions and strategies to deal with situations.

turn 0 : This turn expresses willingness to engage in the conversation.

turn 0 : The speaker is expressing amusement at the topic being discussed.

turn 0 : It doesn't actually speak, but it it does mean that nothing good comes from the information.

turn 0 : The speaker is often expecting bad things to happen, so when something good happens, it's more exceptional than usual.


I wish, by this time, I had better news. Our colleagues in the U. N.  system are now reporting that at least 2. 3 million people have been uprooted. Officially, there are 1. 2 million internally displaced. And don't forget that a year ago, there were no displaced people and now Ukraine is in the top 10 countries in the world with large displaced populations. We can tell you also that the humanitarian situation is very dire. Well over 6,000 - almost 7,000 - people have been killed and almost 17,000 have been injured. There's very little water, food, medical supplies available, so life is very, very difficult. But the problem for Ukraine, of course, is it's been well over a year now that the conflict has been active, so you can imagine the strain on the system and on society's fabric.

Ukraine says that Russian humanitarian convoys are carrying weapons across the border.

We have no way to verify that but what we do observe - we have a sister border monitoring mission on the Russian side of the border and they do report when these convoys cross - what time, how many vehicles, whether they're inspected. But I can't recall one time where we've actually reported that we've seen arms or anything like that. But I do have to point out is that we're not able to enter these vehicles.

turn 3 : In turn (4), the statement suggests that despite the appearance of a positive sign, the comments from the British Foreign Secretary indicate that the situation is more challenging and difficult to resolve than it may seem. The literal meaning of the words may convey a positive outlook, but the implied meaning highlights the potential obstacles and complexities involved.

turn 3 : not a literal meaning but rather a rhetorical question.

turn 3 : The turn whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning is (3) where the interviewer asks the French Ambassador how frustrating the last few months were for him.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is subtly trying to convey a sense of urgency or importance in the matter being discussed, without explicitly stating it.

turn 3 : The turn whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning is turn (4) "Is this frustrating work, Mr. Bociurkiw?" The literal meaning of the question is asking Mr. Bociurkiw if he finds his work frustrating, but the implied meaning is whether Mr. Bociurkiw finds his work challenging due to the difficult and complex nature of the situation in Ukraine


A degree, yeah.

Yeah. We're talking Jay Kang about his article that ran in The New York Times magazine this past weekend, "That Other School Shooting. "And you're listening to TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News.

I wanted to ask you about another Korean-American you ran into. An Eagle Scout who, in fact, wanted to build a memorial garden.

Yeah, Kinsa Durst. He was - I think he is 19 now. You know, he's the type of the kid that I think every parent wants to, you know, at some way, their kid to grow up to be. He had sort of the same reaction that I had. And it was interesting to me that, you know, somebody so young who's father was not Korean but his father was Caucasian but living in Korea, I think, for a while, would be so honest about this idea that this reflects violent Koreans because Virginia Tech also happened, which I think is a quote he gave me verbatim.

And instead, you know, instead of sort of - I guess, sort of, wallowing in the shame of it or trying to suppress the connection or even sort of bearing it with post-modern, sort of, academic speak about how we, you know, no one person should represent anybody else. And he went on built a peace garden in front of the school with commemorative stones for the dead. And on - during one of the memorial services that I attended, he gave this talk about how he wanted to help Korean and American relations.

turn 3 : He felt like he was watching a contestant on a game show.

turn 3 :  (2) implies that the speaker was surprised by the unusual words used in the exchange between the president and Kim Jong Un, and had to look up the meaning of one of them.

turn 3 : The literal meaning of (3) is a simple expression of agreement, while the implied meaning is that the speaker is amazed by the story of Steve Dalkowski's feats.

turn 3 : "He had sort of the same reaction that I had" - The literal meaning is that Kinsa Durst had a similar reaction to the speaker. The actual meaning is that Kinsa Durst had a similar reaction to the speaker regarding the Virginia Tech shooting and its connection to Korean Americans.

turn 3 : In (4), the speaker tells a story about a Swedish prime minister who believed that his country was being invaded by submarines from Russia. The prime minister put microphones in Stockholm harbor and recorded sounds that he thought were proof of the Russian invasion. However, the actual meaning of the recorded sounds was different from the literal meaning, as they were caused by something else entirely.


A degree, yeah.

turn 4 : "And he went on built a peace garden" - The literal meaning is that Kinsa Durst constructed a peace garden. The actual meaning is that Kinsa Durst took action to honor the victims of the shooting and to promote peace between Korean and American communities by building a peace garden.

turn 4 : B: "...Not making peace there, certainly." This turn uses the idiomatic expression "making peace," which means to resolve a conflict or disagreement. However, in this context, it is used sarcastically to suggest that the daughter's actions are not aimed at resolving the conflict with her father.

turn 4 : "And to have built it there in the first place would be crazy, and they rebuilt it anyway." - The literal meaning of this turn is that building a city in a vulnerable location is illogical, yet they rebuilt it regardless. The actual meaning is that the city was rebuilt despite the knowledge of its vulnerability.

turn 4 : The literal meaning of this turn is that Secretary Kerry has been talking about the idea of a transitional government. The implied meaning is that Kerry is proposing a new government as a way to address the root of the conflict and end the fighting.


So, you're a beauty journalist living in London, and your life is very cosmopolitan - very British in some ways. You say that this experience made you feel even more British. But it took you 10 years to decide whether or not to really seek out your biological family. Take me through that process that you had of trying to make that decision.

Well, like you said in the introduction, when I was 19, as far as I knew, I didn't have any family. When my family in the U. K.  adopted me from the orphanage in Eritrea, they were told I had no family. My father was dead. My mother was dead. I was, you know, quite literally an orphan.

And so it was only when my father went back to Eritrea in 1993 for the independence celebrations that he visited the orphanage that they got me from. He left a photograph of me there with - there was actually the nun who was in charge of my adoption was still there. She's very so old now, but she was still there.

And he left a photo of me because he thought it would be a nice thing to do. And several months after he returned, we got a letter from somebody who said he was my brother, and basically, it turned out that after my father had left Eritrea, this nun had got in touch with my family, and that's when everything started to unravel.

turn 3 : The families, town, and communities lose members and become non existent as a unit.

turn 3 : This turn is literal in meaning, as it is a straightforward question asking about the speaker's children.

turn 3 : Baby William and his sister are adjusting well to their new family dynamic

turn 3 : The children in the war had to face and endure many difficult and tragic things.

turn 3 : Family was not lost, but separated by circumstances


There is also a pledge now by this, again, outside group, the opposition coalition, to actually try to form a government in exile as soon as this weekend. It's a long-time coming.

Yeah. This has been going on for a while. They've talking about forming this government in exile for a long time. As we've seen with many of these different Syrian opposition groups, the political groups, the people who are based outside, they have a hard time. There's some reasons for that. I mean, it's hard for someone to say they want to claim responsibility as the leader of a group because they immediately become a target, their families become a target from the Syrian regime. But there's also just a lot of disagreement about who should lead. Should he be from the south?Should he be from the capital - he or she?Should he be a she?

You know, and, you know, secular, Islamist, which group - Christian minority, majority Sunni, so these are the questions that they're all hammering out. There's supposed to be a meeting in the coming ways. We've heard that that might be postponed.

Really?

turn 1 : It's not a front, but a different part of the government that is being asked about.

turn 1 : They think it does make the government look bad to the public.

turn 1 : "Based outside" doesn't mean they are outdoors, it means they are outsiders to the current government. They are not in power now.

turn 1 : A is stating the obvious about the power being out

turn 1 : All they have is the way of life that takes place outside of buildings.


No, no. It definitely can't. And the argument that you sort use is it's just growing too fast, and we're seeing it as it was six billion years ago almost. So if they grew that fast for six billion years, it would be just far too big.

Oh.

So it probably only lasts for a measly 100 million years or so.

Where do you go from here with this work?

turn 0 : "growing" in "a situation that's been growing since '94" means the situation has been getting worse or more intense over time, so the actual meaning is different from the literal meaning of physically increasing in size.

turn 0 : (1) "it's just growing too fast" - This phrase is not referring to the physical speed of growth but rather the rate of growth over time.

turn 0 : "excessively high percentages of sales" - This turn's actual meaning is different from its literal meaning because "excessively high" means a lot or too much, but it is not necessarily related to a specific number or percentage.

turn 0 : The implied meaning here is that B thinks that old growth forests take a long time to develop, and won't look impressive for hundreds of years. However, the literal meaning of the statement is simply a statement of understanding about the appearance of old growth forests.


Oh.

turn 2 : A certain amount of time has passed by surprisingly quickly

turn 2 : a long time coming means something has been meaning to happen but hasn't happened until recently

turn 2 : the time has flown means time went by fast.

turn 2 : long stretch in this context means a long era

turn 2 : (3) "measly 100 million years" - The word "measly" is used in a sarcastic manner to imply that 100 million years is actually a significant amount of time in the context of the conversation.


So, Emery, let's find out a little bit more about where you started and your family. You grew up in Hilton Head. And a lot of folks know it now as a resort town, but I'm sure it's changed a lot. What do you remember from your childhood?

Oh, I remember Hilton Head when they were only about 1,500 people, at most, living here. I grew up here in the '40s and the '50s and I tell folks that I thought everybody in the world was Gullah except Dick and Jane.

So what does Gullah mean to you?What does it mean in terms of how you speak, how you dress, how you tell stories?Tell us what it means on the inside to be a part of Gullah culture.

Well, to be a part of Gullah culture meant that you pretty much knew who you were - we still do know who we are. And by that, I mean, everything that we saw when we grew up, Gullah people produce it - we produce our own food, we produce our own stories because we told them to one another, and made our boats, gather our own food, had our own spiritual life because we have little praise houses in every neighborhood. And the leaders of those praise houses were Gullah family members. And family was very important because families live close together. To us, Gullah was a world to itself.

turn 1 : This turn implies that the speaker is asking for more information about the tour.

turn 1 :  the figurative use of the phrase "flipping the bird" and the phrase's implication in New York City, respectively.

turn 1 : The parlor is small despite seating for seven.

turn 1 : This turn does not mean that the speaker is proposing to explain that they slept in motels, but rather that they are suggesting to mention it as an additional piece of information to the conversation, which is a different meaning than the literal one.

turn 1 : In this turn, the speaker is comparing the size of Hilton Head when it was a small town in the 40s and 50s to its current size now as a resort town.


. . . Transparency. They want to know how we got to this point so that no presidential candidate, Democrat or Republican, ever sees something like this happen to them.

So you would like to see an investigation of the investigation. You do think that's a productive use of time.

What I want to make certain is we know that bad actors are rooted out and that we are going to be well served by individuals who realize we are a nation of laws, that we will abide by the rule of law. And you are going to have law enforcement there that is to uphold the law.

Marsha Blackburn is a Republican senator from Tennessee. She sits on the Judiciary Committee. Thank you very much for joining us.

turn 3 : joining us implies being part of a program or activity and not referring to mixing or attaching people together

turn 3 : joining us implies being part of an activity and not being to mix up


So after more than a week of protesting, it seems like you may be about to get what you've been asking for. There's a deal to sell the mine and money set aside to pay back wages. Does that mean you're heading home?

No. It's a step in the right direction. What's been set aside is like probably around 35, 40% of back wages on that. And they decided that they won't stay until we've been fully reimbursed.

The deal has set aside about $450,000 of an estimated 2 1/2 million that are owed to the miners.

Right. Right. That's the deal. That's Kopper Glo stepping up.

You know, some local officials have said you're actually depriving yourselves of money by blocking the tracks because you are blocking coal that would otherwise get sold. What do you say to that?

turn 1 : The state of California is in financial trouble and may not be able to pay its employees or meet its financial obligations

turn 1 : paycheck to paycheck implies that the amount a person makes can only cover necessities

turn 1 : The amount set aside for wages is insufficient.

turn 1 :  I'm, you know, it's almost paycheck to paycheck meaning they don't have much money


And prior to that, they'd had him ahead by double digits again. So, there is a rhythm within each of these polls where it goes up and down a little bit, and if you want something to rely on, you need to look at the range within each poll.

So, why is that people reacting to the news each day, or to ads, or to stuff they see on the Internet?What is it?

Well, I could think they're reacting to something, I just like - we like to think the stock market is responding to some kind of real news or conditions. But it's not all that clear that it's all that rational, and the same is true of the political polls as well.

So, given that up and down in each individual poll, you have to think a lot of it has to do with the internal processes of poll taking, and then poll analysis. They weigh the polls, they look at whether or not their sample of the public really matches the demographic mix of the public, and then they weigh of responses of people to try to match that statistical model.

turn 3 : the literal and actual meanings are the same. The speakers are simply exchanging pleasantries and expressing gratitude for the conversation

turn 3 : The literal meaning is that the listener doubts that they would tire of hearing from the speaker. The actual meaning is that the listener is being polite and respectful towards the speaker.

turn 3 :  Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples.

turn 3 : None of the words in turn (4) have a different meaning from their literal meanings.

turn 3 : There are no turns in the given conversation that have a meaning different from their literal meanings. All the turns convey their literal meanings without any implied or figurative language.


The fighting between Israel and the Palestinians reminds us that world events do not wait for changes of leadership in Washington. President-elect Barack Obama will not take office for another three weeks, which means he'll watch from the sidelines as the current administration responds to a crisis that Obama will inherit very soon. For some analysis of this moment, we're joined now by NPR's senior Washington editor Ron Elving, who's with us most Mondays. Hi Ron.

Good to be with you, Madeleine.

Well, so how much is President-elect Obama being consulted on the U. S.  response at this point?

Not so much consulted as kept informed. He gets regular security briefings, of course. He had one on Sunday. He has had conversations with Secretary of State Rice, and he is expected to talk today to his own incoming national security adviser, General James Jones, and also to Senator Hillary Rodham Clinton, who is his own nominee, of course, for Secretary of State. She's certainly sharing in a lot of the information. She's a senator; she's on Armed Services; she's been immersed in much of this for many years; she's had top clearances; and I'm sure the Obama folks are sharing with her.

And how much does his stated policy regarding the Middle East - how much does it differ from the Bush administration's?

turn 3 : Obama is not yet in power but is being kept informed of the situation

turn 3 : Obama is already working before he is officially in office.

turn 3 : The president will propose something new later today

turn 3 : There is evidence that would support the Presidents statement.


The president said Mr.  Bolden, has there ever been a negro on the White House detail protecting and guarding the president of the United States?I said not to my knowledge, Mr.  President. He said, would you like to be the first one?I said yes, sir, Mr.  President.

And he said, I'll be looking forward to seeing you in Washington, D. C. , and that's how I happened to be appointed to the White House detail.

You had that moment, this incredible moment, and then you write very early in the narrative, in the book, about an agent who was not so friendly. You describe him saying I'm going to tell you something, and I don't want you to ever forget it. You're a (censored). You were born a (censored), and when you die, you'll still be a (censored). So act like one.

What did you really face when it came to dealing with your colleagues?

turn 0 : They aren't literally going to put a black man in the White House, they are going to vote him in.

turn 0 : "Do you find it interesting that we have a president who is literally African-American?" - The literal meaning of this turn is a question about the speaker's opinion on having a president of African American descent, but the actual meaning is a comment on the significance of Barack Obama's presidency as a milestone in American history and a recognition of the progress made in race relations.

turn 0 : Would you like to be the first one implies that the president already knew there had never been a negro on the White House detail

turn 0 : Obama missed the chance to claim his bi-racialness.

turn 0 : The president may be lying about not being informed


Here's a novel idea for how to fix the auto industry, nationalize it, or at least nationalize the biggest American carmaker, GM. That's Los Angeles Times car columnist Dan Neil's idea. And, Dan, you mean basically just stop fooling around with bridge loans or anything like that and just outright buy GM?

Yeah, I don't see that the federal money that they're talking about really will save GM. I also think that, you know, we should just be intellectually honest about this. If this money, federal money, is going to come with all these conditions, including the idea that Congress is going to weigh in and adjudicate their future business plans, I mean, its nationalization. Just call it that and embrace it and move on.

What would be the advantages to owning GM?

It'd be cheaper than a loan that we'd never get back. Also, General Motors is a very, very strong company with, you know, something like $50 billion in real assets. And it's done a lot of the work to turn itself around. That's one of the ironies is that it was turning the giant ocean liner around when it happened to hit an iceberg, which was the credit crisis and some other problems that have made their chronic liabilities acute. But I think General Motors is a good investment.

turn 0 : The current economic situation requires more than loans to help the auto companies - other measures must be taken.

turn 0 : Nationalizing the auto industry, or at least GM, is a better solution than bridge loans or other options.

turn 0 : The car czar should not be the only answer to the auto industry's problems; loans should be offered, but with strict conditions.

turn 0 : Ford doesn't need the money right now, but GM does


In a word, Ari - schadenfreude. I think at this moment, whether you look at politics or society in general, there is a lot of concern about fraud, about misrepresentation, people not being who they say they are, not to mention a lot of resentment of wealth and privilege and all the trappings that come with it. And the way this story has unfolded, the fact that these families really seem to believe that the rules should not apply to them - that's been galling to many people.

And then look at the setting, right?So elite colleges are the source of such cultural fascination. Some would say obsession. Highly selective colleges - you know, they only enroll about 1 percent of all college students. So they're very, very small. But then again, they have these brands that are known all over the world. And they're supposed to stand for merit, for hard work, for the best and the brightest.

And so when you look at something like this or, even bigger, the legacy admissions or the fact that some wealthy donors can write a check and get their kid into college that way supposedly, it - all of this is really going to undermine the idea of having institutions in our society that represent hard work and being kind of excellent.

So where do these cases go from here?

turn 0 : Implied meaning: People are feeling resentment and anger towards people who think they don't have to follow the same rules as everyone else.

turn 0 : to draw a lot of hatred means something got a ton of hatred or anger towards it

turn 0 : Implied meaning: The speaker is indirectly suggesting that they may have information or opinions that they are hesitant to share openly.

turn 0 : The implied meaning of the first turn is that people have become apathetic to the problems facing the city and are not taking action.

turn 0 : They are implying what is your opinion


So where do these cases go from here?

turn 1 : The underlying implications are that elite colleges are more concerned about their own bottom line and reputation than actually providing access to higher education for all.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using metaphors or analogies to convey a complex idea or emotion in a more relatable or understandable way.

turn 1 : Turn: "didn't quite get the same glory" Actual meaning: Did not receive the same recognition or fame.

turn 1 :  Implied meaning: Elite colleges are seen as a source of envy and reverence, but they are also seen as a symbol of hard work and excellence.


So where do these cases go from here?

turn 2 :  (2) implies that people are facing a lot of bureaucracy and paperwork,

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker might be implying a hidden agenda or ulterior motive behind their words, actions, or decisions, without making it explicit.

turn 2 :  Implied meaning: These cases may lead to a general mistrust of institutions that are supposed to represent hard work and excellence

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker is expressing a sense of frustration or dissatisfaction with a situation or person, without explicitly stating it.


Yeah. We need to start thinking about them now, and people are thinking about it. There's researchers now who are working on thinking about stuff like how do you find a person who's DNA is really robust against radiation damage because of course radiation damage is a huge concern in space travel and in living on other worlds. And right now there are researchers who have gotten a little funding from NASA and a little funding from other sources to look at how does DNA repair itself after radiation damage and is there a variation between people. Are there some people who might be better suited for space travel or are there some sets of genes that make people better at dealing with that?

Well, Annalee, thank you for giving us optimism today about wiping out the - most of the people or life on Earth. Annalee Newitz is author of "Scatter, Adapt, and Remember: How Humans Will Survive a Mass Extinction. "Thank you very much, Annalee, for coming on this show.

Thank you for having me.

You're welcome.

turn 1 : "You didn't come here to stay and you will perish." - This turn is a figurative expression and means that we all have a limited time on earth and will eventually die. It does not have a literal meaning.

turn 1 : AGREE WITH THE TURN AND IMPLIED MEANING AND BELIVE THAT EVERYONE

turn 1 : (2) Implied Meaning: Is this the overall goal we are striving towards?

turn 1 : The implied meaning is that the demise of all people on earth is not a reason to be optimistic.

turn 1 : at the end of the day means something is likely going to happen or what happens after everything else.


They also break up the states into more subregions than the current exit polls do. They think that this is going to help them be more accurate. And Fox and AP are pretty confident that their results are better than the traditional exit polls in some ways. They actually did shadow polls with the new system in three big specials this year - special elections in the 6th Congressional District in Georgia, the New Jersey governor's race and the Alabama Senate race. And guess what - they got the winner right in all three.

That sounds promising. But are there pitfalls to this way of doing things?I mean, are people asking questions about whether or not they are going to be able to keep their winning streak?

Yes (laughter). And there's a big degree of risk when you're not actually speaking to voters. They're not actually speaking to people who have gone and voted. There's always a number of people who say they're going to vote who don't. And this is an experiment. AP and Fox - even though they're putting this - they're operationalizing this, they acknowledge that there are some demographic shortcomings. They found this in their tests in their poll. They underestimated in Alabama, for example, the number of black voters who would show up. But like scientists, they acknowledge those shortcomings. And they're going to be tinkering with their models along the way. So we may have something good eventually, but it's a whole new Wild West era here.

What has been the reaction to this from the pollsters at this conference that you're at?

turn 0 : The new system was tried against the old and was found to be correct.

turn 0 : No, this is not the same thing that happened a couple of years ago. It might be similar, but it is not the same.

turn 0 : The long haul is a length of time where the issue had to be dealt with.

turn 0 : It would be a mistake for me to do that.

turn 0 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer


turn 1 : the accuracy of polls during midterm elections is already questionable due to the nature of the district and state-by-state voting process.

turn 1 : The candidate had something troubling in their past.

turn 1 : The outcome of the parliamentary election is uncertain, and it is difficult to predict what will happen next

turn 1 : The situation in Afghanistan is unstable and dangerous, and there are concerns about the security of the upcoming elections despite government assurances.

turn 1 : There are dangers that cause problems by doing these polls.


No question. The young senator from Florida, though, is really the hot ticket in New Hampshire right now. He is expected to do no worse than third. He's certainly in the running for second John Kasich is also in the running here. Everyone coming up, of course, a little behind Donald Trump still at this point. But it's Rubio who has the national momentum then going on into South Carolina if he does well in New Hampshire. South Carolina is on the 20th. And he'll have real appeal in Nevada on the 23rd.

What about Bernie Sanders?His lead in the polls just seems to be growing. According to reports, he might be on "Saturday Night Live" on Saturday night, just before the vote. Hillary Clinton tried to suggest that just because he's a guy from next door in Vermont.

You know, he was well-known here from the start of course. But there's so much more to it than that. His numbers are still going up at this point. And even for Democrats who expect Clinton to be the nominee eventually, Bernie is still their feel-good vote. He is a get-it-off-your-chest vote. And, you know, Democrats have never really liked a coronation. They want a contest. And Clinton is not connecting to voter concerns on an emotional level. And she's not communicating a clear message either here or elsewhere in the country. That's why the national polls have narrowed. And you know it's going to be hard to tell Larry David and Bernie Sanders apart tonight.

turn 0 : (4) B: The downside to getting more attention, like Marco Rubio, is more criticism. And he seems to get more direct criticism from his opponents as he rises in the polls.  The actual meaning here is that as a politician becomes more popular, they also become more of a target for criticism from their opponents. The literal meaning, however, is simply that as one gets more attention, they also get more criticism.

turn 0 : Two people in particular, Trump and Cruz, Donald Trump and Ted Cruz. Trump is no longer the dominating personality that he was, but he's still the name leading in national polls and in most of the early states. Cruz, though, is the central figure in this particular debate if only because he was the object of most of the attacks from the other candidates. And he is masterful at slipping the punch, changing the subject, turning the criticism back onto others.  In this turn, the actual meaning goes beyond the literal meaning. The speaker is not simply providing a factual description of the debate and the candidates, but they are also implying that Trump's dominance has diminished, although he still leads in polls. They also suggest that Cruz's ability to deflect criticism and turn it against others makes him a significant figure in the debate. The implied meaning is about the shifting dynamics and strategies of the candidates and their relative strengths.

turn 0 : "Immediate fallout would be Jeb Bush's problem. He needed a revival, and he wound up looking worse than he had in the first two debates and out on the stump as well. The memorable punches in these debates tend to be counter punches. And Bush went after his one-time protege, Marco Rubio, and Rubio came back smart, fast, tough and got a highlight moment out of it, just one of several for Rubio, by the way."  Here, the speaker is discussing the consequences or negative outcomes for Jeb Bush after the debate. The implied meaning is that Jeb Bush's performance in the debate was disappointing or damaging for his campaign. The speaker highlights that memorable moments in debates usually involve counter-attacks or responses, and in this case, Jeb Bush targeted Marco Rubio, but Rubio responded effectively and gained a notable moment. The implied meaning goes beyond a literal description of the events and emphasizes the impact on Jeb Bush's candidacy.

turn 0 : Marco Rubio is facing increased criticism from opponents as his popularity rises.


Ground-based solar is only good when the sun is shining. And this applies to wind energy, too. It's only good when the wind is blowing. You have to have fossil fuel generators, standing by to pick up the load when the wind stops blowing, or the sun stops shining. So that has to be figured into the economics of wind- and ground-based solar. And, of course, you don't have either of those problems with a solar power satellite.

What would my electricity bill look like if I were getting solar power beamed down from satellites?What would it cost me?

That is hard to come by, but the best estimates we have, it's somewhere between eight to 20 cents a kilowatt hour.

Well 20 cents a kilowatt hour would be very expensive electricity.

turn 0 : Ground-based solar and wind energy are not reliable sources of power.

turn 0 : The power grid is unreliable due to generators and solar power being used instead.

turn 0 : Renewable energy is still too expensive for developing countries

turn 0 : Minnesota has good solar potential despite being in the northern part of the US

turn 0 : The government has not handled the financial crisis effectively.


turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using a euphemism or understatement to convey a more significant or sensitive message.

turn 3 : (4): Implied meaning: Advising to not waste energy in trying to convince people who are negative about unknown normal things, since it is not possible to change their mindset.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker's selection of a seemingly insignificant turn may be interpreted as an attempt to change the subject or redirect the conversation, potentially indicating discomfort or disinterest in the current topic.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using understatement or exaggeration to convey a message, often to emphasize a point or to add humor to a situation.

turn 3 : "very expensive electricity" - This turn has a figurative meaning, as the term "expensive" is relative and varies depending on the person's perspective and circumstances. The actual cost of electricity may not be considered high by some people, while others may view it as unaffordable.


And it's interesting, your book had pictures of the hands of some of the great catchers of those days, gnarled and twisted. Anybody who played catcher could expect to be crippled - their hands - for the rest of their lives.

Exactly. And people would say, you know, I don't know what this guy looks like but just look for a catcher's hands. And as soon as you'll see - you see those hands, you recognize, oh, that's - that must be who it was.

Are there stories about Deacon White?You mentioned he traveled from team to team. I guess he had one fantastic year in Boston. But what kind of a man was he?Do we know?

He was a really high-character man. In a time when baseball had a lot of guys who spent their evenings drinking and carousing, Deacon - he was known as Deacon because he went to church and he was a Sunday school teacher. And family came absolutely first for him.

turn 0 : Playing catcher is a dangerous position that can cause permanent physical harm.

turn 0 : The catcher played a crucial role in baseball games in the 1870s.

turn 0 : The catcher is tough and plays a crucial role in the pitcher's success.

turn 0 : A good catcher is essential for the success of the team.

turn 0 : The standards for catcher errors have evolved over time.


turn 3 : A reflects on his childhood experiences of racism and isolation as the only black kid.

turn 3 : He resigned because the job was not worth all of the trouble that he and his father were going through.

turn 3 : The story of Alan's life is not as it was originally portrayed.

turn 3 : That's what won, finally, the attention of the old man. And only when he was tough did the old man respect him. And I think when his father became incapacitated, Bobby began to resort to who he was as a kid.  The literal meaning would indicate that the person gained the attention and respect of their father by being tough, and when their father became incapacitated, they reverted to their childhood behavior. However, the implied meaning suggests that the person's father only recognized and valued them when they displayed strength and resilience, and when their father's condition changed, they reverted to their true self, which may have included aspects of vulnerability or a different set of values.

turn 3 : Deacon White was a man of high moral character who prioritized his family.


Thank you.

You introduced your own proposal based on an idea that you've called unilateral disarmament. Can you explain that?And I'm assuming it doesn't have anything to do with guns.

No, absolutely not. Democrats have used the term unilateral disarmament when it comes to redistricting a number of times. It seems more often than not that it's Democrats taking the mantle of reform and Republicans not following suit. And so I have proposed a bill - and I will be proposing it again this year - for a two-state compact between us and Virginia.

Maryland does have some issues with redistricting that we do need to solve, and we do want to put it to a truly independent commission to be able to draw those lines. But Virginia has the same problems in the opposite direction. And I think if you look across the map, I think there are more states that have a Republican redistricting problem than a Democratic one. And so my bill, in addition to creating an independent commission, also requires that before we implement, Virginia does, as well.

So basically, everyone has to drop their arms at the same time. I want to get to the crux of the matter, though. Let's talk about Maryland. Democrats have a huge advantage in the state, and they hold seven of the state's eight seats in Congress. Is that good for the people of your state?Can it really show their will?

turn 2 : the democrats did everything they could to make it look bipartisan.

turn 2 : Democrats are usually in favor of reform while Republicans are not.

turn 2 : (2) Implied meaning: Is there any incentive for Democrats to cooperate with Republicans on health care reform now that they have been successful in preserving the original?

turn 2 :  implies that the Democrats should not become complacent with their current demographics and should focus on further outreach

turn 2 : suggests that the Democratic Party must put forth a more persuasive and powerful economic message to win more elections


Well, this technology is fantastic. Basically, if you're about to rear-end someone, this technology will first warn you. And if you don't act, it will hit the brakes for you. And the data show that it could reduce rear-end crashes by 40 percent or more.

Now, I said it will be standard by 2022, but if I buy a new car today, am I likely to have this feature?

Honestly, it's 50-50. If we look at 2019 model year data, about half of the automakers sell vehicles where the technology comes standard. Toyota, for example, and Honda have been making a lot of this technology standard on their vehicles. With the others, you may have to pay thousands of dollars to get that technology.

Is there something troubling about offering a safety feature that can save lives that costs thousands of dollars extra?

turn 0 : drove out in this context means to scare someone away

turn 0 : "hit the brakes for you" - This phrase does not imply that the technology physically hits the brakes for the driver, but rather automatically applies the brakes to prevent a collision.

turn 0 :  "Let's start by talking about a feature called automatic emergency braking."

turn 0 : The damage itself can not face anything. The cause of the damage, the person or people are what is meant here.

turn 0 : to pull up somewhere means to drive to a particular place


Thank you.

Are there drawbacks to this kind of partnership?

Are there drawbacks to partnering with Bashar al-Assad?None that I can think of, Scott.

None that I can - of course, there are practical drawbacks. Which is to say when you partner or with a lying terrorist, it's not a stable relationship. They're not really good at stable relationships except with other lying terrorists. And there are profound moral consequences to this. And you know, you don't envy Barack Obama in this situation because he doesn't want to be a partner - in a perverse way, partner - with this terrible man and this terrible regime. On the other hand, if you can remove the chemical weapons from Syria, and that's an enormous if, who wouldn't jump at that chance?

turn 2 :  (3) implies that B is asking A to comment on the administration's decision to prioritize the threat of ISIS over the Assad regime in Syria,

turn 2 : In (1), A is expressing a pessimistic view about the chances of success for the peace talks in Syria. A is highlighting a major obstacle to the talks, which is the opposing views on the future of Bashar al-Assad's presidency. A is suggesting that this disagreement is a significant barrier to progress and is indicating that there are no positive examples from the past to suggest that the talks will be successful.

turn 2 : He does not go into Syria, just told what is happening there.

turn 2 : B disagrees with the premise of the question but is willing to discuss it further.

turn 2 : A is being sarcastic in response to B's question and implies that there are many drawbacks to partnering with Bashar al-Assad.


Thank you.

turn 3 : There is a concern that American lobbyists may sell secrets to foreign adversaries.

turn 3 : The literal meaning of this turn is that the ICRC should do more about Syria, but the implied meaning is that some people might find this conversation interesting, but they may ask why the ICRC is not doing more to help with the situation in Syria.

turn 3 : Implicates that the speaker is willing to sacrifice certain moral values for the sake of saving lives.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: Is there any indication of what will happen next in the conflict?

turn 3 : A acknowledges there are practical drawbacks to partnering with a lying terrorist like Bashar al-Assad, but also highlights the moral consequences of such a partnership and the difficulty of navigating the situation.


I'm doing quite well. Always great to talk to you. We just heard from Deroy Murdock, who gave an analysis as a conservative, as a Libertarian conservative that basically said the president is doing us wrong by moving ahead with a program like TARP. Party lines have been divided over this, you know, within the Democratic and Republican parties. What's your perspective on the usefulness of TARP and how the money that has not been allocated is best used?

Well, let me kind a give you a little bit of the history of TARP. As you know, we were confronted with an emergency situation where the secretary, Secretary Paulson, came to us and said, we're in a crisis.

Over the weekend prior to his being in contact with us about our crises, he had engineered a big sale on Wall Street because it appeared that if one of the big banks that was involved in the sale had gone bust-up on that weekend prior to the markets opening on Monday morning, it would have triggered a depression.

When he came to us as the treasurer, knowledgeable about the economy, describing the dire situation, he had a four-page proposal. It really did shake everybody up. But we tried to put some meat on the proposal and not just give him what he was asking for with no strings attached.

turn 2 : So you went out to see if the economy was going down in terms of less people spending money.

turn 2 : The lack of bonuses affected stock market sales.

turn 2 : The big sale on Wall Street was engineered to avoid depression

turn 2 : The music business was losing a great deal of money with end in sight.

turn 2 : The state of the stock market reflects the worldwide pessimism and depression


I think, in essence, it's just because of what might happen if this ruling stands - court challenges, that Mexico will see a huge increase in asylum-seekers. And it's just something they aren't prepared to do. Look. Detention facilities in the southern border are overcrowded. They're dirty. They're ill-equipped for such large numbers now. And shelters are the same, they're at overcapacity at the southern and the northern Mexican borders.

So describe the system that is in place. I mean, Mexico must have some resources in place to handle the existing flow of asylum-seekers.

Yes, it has a Refugee Assistance Commission. It's called COMAR. And Mexico has a long history of accepting refugees. It was one of the biggest countries to take in Jews during the Holocaust. It took in the Spanish during their civil war, Guatemalan refugees during that country's long civil war. So it has always dealt with refugees. But the agency is overwhelmed. The numbers now coming into Mexico are huge.

For the first eight months this year, nearly 50,000 migrants have received refugee status or protection. That's almost a 70% increase over the same time last year. And Mexico's acceptance rate is pretty high too in some categories. You know, to get refugee protection asylum in Mexico, the bar is a lot lower than it is in the U. S. But Venezuelans are almost - get - 100% of the time they receive asylum, Guatemalans not so much.

turn 3 : There is no bar but it does mean that the requirements in Mexico are lower.

turn 3 : (4) - The actual meaning is to ask if the Mexican governments and the agency were ready for the floods and its aftermath.

turn 3 :  (4) Implies an acknowledgement of the dangerous risks taken when crossing the border illegally.

turn 3 : There will be significant concerns in the region moving forward.

turn 3 : Mexico is facing a very serious and dangerous situation.


Maybe they pass along in bodily fluids. Maybe they pass along through the air, on a cough or a sneeze. And those are the ones that become not just outbreaks but epidemics and pandemics.

And some humans are even call super-spreaders. Can you - do we know why some people are super-spreaders?

Well, we don't know why, but we know that it happens, this phenomenon of super-spreaders. It's a little bit similar to the famous case of Typhoid Mary, but a super-spreader is a person who becomes infected with one of these diseases, and then Typhoid Mary didn't show symptoms, but these super-spreaders generally show severe symptoms, and they pass their infection along to more than their share of secondary cases of other people.

For instance when SARS, SARS virus spilled over into humans in Southern China and then got to Hong Kong in 2003, it was amplified out of Hong Kong and went on to Toronto and Hanoi and Beijing and Singapore. But one of the reasons it was amplified is because there were a couple of super-spreaders in the case of SARS, two men who were very sick and who really spewed the virus out and infected a lot of health care workers.

turn 3 : A is reflecting on the nature of relationships between people close to each other.

turn 3 : It implies that issue of rape and AIDS are interconnected and cannot be viewed in isolation from one another.

turn 3 : B is asking if viruses can easily infect multiple species or if there needs to be specific conditions.

turn 3 : couple implies few carriers of the virus and not two people in romantic relationship

turn 3 : Delays in treating people with the virus could lead to it spreading rapidly.


How concerned are you, if at all, about the fact that the changes will now mean that the president, the head of the party, George Bush, will not be attending the convention, not be giving an address as he was scheduled to tonight, nor will Dick Cheney?

Well, I'm, you know, I was kind of halting between two opinions about that, whether the president would be there. I don't think that that would change very much. Of course, if you noticed, the president has not been very, very involved in the campaign of Senator McCain so far as public appearances. So that - and of course, that cemented my decision not to go, because when the president and the vice president was going to go, you know - and I feel that I have an obligation to the citizens that I serve as a committee person to be back home. The whole team didn't need to go.

Had the president and vice president gone, are you saying you would have gone then in that instance?

It would have been - in other words, the decision for me would have probably been harder for me to make the decision. But it was easy knowing that President Bush wasn't going to go.

turn 1 : The speaker was misled into attending a meeting under false pretenses.

turn 1 : The organizers faced difficulties in getting Obama to attend the convention.

turn 1 : (2) Implies that Governor Pence may have a valuable contribution to the ticket, and the speaker wants to know what it is.

turn 1 : The speaker did not want to go to the convention even if the president and the vice president were going to attend.

turn 1 : The candidate had something troubling in their past.


Well, I think a lot of us have become inert to that. Certainly, we have problems in spades. And for any journalist who wants to come to the city and write about its resurgence, which is taking place in pockets in the city, they do well not to generalize because it shows that you're turning a blind eye to the people who've struggled the hardest to stay here.

Michael Jackman is managing editor of the Detroit Metro Times. Thanks so much for being with us.

It's my pleasure.

This is NPR News.

turn 0 : In turn (1), the speaker asks why the neighborhoods around Logan were affected by some issue or problem. The literal meaning of the turn is a question about the specific cause or nature of the issue.

turn 0 : (1) is that people have become inactive or lacking in energy, and the speaker is suggesting that there are significant problems that need to be addressed in the city. However, the implied meaning is that people have become desensitized or accustomed to these problems, and the journalist should not make broad generalizations about the city without considering the struggles of its residents.

turn 0 : (1) has an implied meaning that is different from its literal meaning. The literal meaning is that the speaker is asking if there is any sign of improvement in the situation being discussed, but the implied meaning is that the situation is bad and the speaker is hoping for some positive news or indication that things will get better.

turn 0 : (1) - The actual meaning is that every president in their first year faces unexpected challenges, and Donald Trump is currently facing one. He may be feeling the pressure and acting out as a result.

turn 0 : In turn (1), the speaker implies that the big local newspaper was a point of pride and reflection for the community, despite the hostility towards it.


It's my pleasure.

This is NPR News.

turn 0 : Implied meaning: People are feeling resentment and anger towards people who think they don't have to follow the same rules as everyone else.

turn 0 : The implied meaning of the first turn is that people have become apathetic to the problems facing the city and are not taking action.

turn 0 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer


And one alternative for officials looking to monitor nonviolent offenders as they await trial are electronic monitoring devices - ankle bracelets. But according to a report in The New York Times, ankle monitors are often provided by private companies that can charge large fees for their services. In fact, defendants are often left to foot the bill - up to $10 a day. If they don't pay up or miss payments, they may end up behind bars anyway.

We wanted to talk about this, so we've called Blake Strode, executive director of ArchCity Defenders. They're one of the civil rights groups that brought a class-action lawsuit against the city of St.  Louis, which led to this week's cash bail changes. Blake Strode, welcome. Thanks so much for talking to us.

Thank you. Thanks for having me.

So, first, would you just tell us the two big changes that the Missouri Supreme Court ruling is supposed to bring about?

turn 0 : a lot of stuff means there is a massive amount

turn 0 : They are not asking for a lot of really expensive items.

turn 0 : They are lot literally bracelets, which are a form of jewellery, they are just known as such

turn 0 : The actual meaning is that smartphones with touch capabilities have become very popular, not that handsets have literally taken off.

turn 0 : None of the turns have implied meanings that are different from their literal meanings. They all convey their literal meanings without any hidden or implied messages.


Well, interestingly enough, Tracy and Amy have actually played husband and wife eight previous times in different productions. And so many of the audience members come in and actually mistake them for a real couple, which they are not, unlike Elizabeth Taylor and Richard Burton, who were a real couple. And so it's interesting. Onstage they do come across as two people who have been together forever with all of those ineffable qualities of love and marriage and cruelty.

I'll put the plot just this way: a small college town dinner party from hell, in which the host and hostess play destructive verbal games. So, how do you get an audience to watch a three-hour play of a dinner party that they'd probably want to leave from as soon as possible?

There's a lot of wit. Of course, Edward Albee's classic play. And on stage, they're in this confined space. Unlike the film, they can't the leave the room. They can't get in the car and drive around. And so I think they rely a lot on their physicality and the comedy of that, the destruction of that. It's really interesting to see them sort of reinterpret this play just in one space with completely new characters. And it's as if this play were written five years ago instead of 50.

To the best of your knowledge, did they update it or is it just that, is it that penetrating?

turn 3 : NONE
turn 3 : none
turn 3 : none
turn 3 : none
turn 3 : none


No, not at all. And I've been pretty much apolitical my entire adult life. But this election is obviously quite different than previous presidential elections. So I just thought - I thought it was necessary to jump in and use my voice.

Why?

The prospects of Donald Trump being president just scare the hell out of me. And that's coming after having initially, you know, supported him and hoped that he would be 180 degrees different from what he turned out to be.

I mean, am I wrong?I seem to remember there was a time when you offered to be the running mate for either of them.

Oh, sure. Yeah, a lot of that was a little bit tongue-in-cheek. I didn't really expect that to happen. But, you know, there was a time when Donald first got into the race where I would talk to him on the phone.

turn 0 : "use my voice" - This is a metaphorical expression that means to speak out and express one's opinions.

turn 0 : to give an idea means to tell them their opinion, or what is happening

turn 0 : The speaker disagrees with the other person's argument.

turn 0 : Implied meaning: The speaker is indirectly suggesting that they may have information or opinions that they are hesitant to share openly.

turn 0 : This turn expresses willingness to engage in the conversation.


Why?

turn 2 :  "scare the hell out of me" - This is an idiomatic expression that means to frighten someone a lot.

turn 2 : drove out in this context means to scare someone away

turn 2 :  implies the beast served to represent the fear, horror and cold of the situation;

turn 2 : "Something about the noises he heard the night before, and that was horrifying." - The literal meaning is that the son heard noises the night before, which were scary or upsetting. However, the actual meaning is that the son may have overheard the person having sexual activity, which was embarrassing and uncomfortable for the person to hear.


Why?

turn 3 : (4) Implied meaning: Does Mr. Trump have the support to win the Republican nomination, or is it uncertain?

turn 3 : implies that A has endorsed Hillary Clinton and believes she effectively addresses the issues.

turn 3 : The implied meaning behind this question is that A was initially willing to support Donald Trump and even offered to be his running mate at one point, but has since changed his mind and is now opposed to him.

turn 3 : This implies that people are already curious to know how A intends to defeat Trump.

turn 3 : The implied meaning of this turn is that other members of the White House may seek legal counsel in light of President Trump's actions.


Why?

turn 3 : run for president means to campaign for presidency

turn 3 : "run for office" implies to be a candidate in an election

turn 3 : Plan A" - The literal meaning of Plan A is the primary plan or strategy for achieving a particular goal. However, in this context, it implies the shared strategy of both campaigns to win the first four states and avoid personnel shortages, indicating the high stakes of the early primary elections.

turn 3 :  "running mate" - This is a metaphorical expression that means a person who is chosen to run for office with a presidential candidate.


Oh yes, in fact the conventional laser was only two years old, and it taught us that light could be coherent. But it didn't say anything about a semiconductor and whether the semiconductor would do this. And actually the furor started with Rediker's group from Lincoln Laboratories, MIT, reporting that they had gotten good spontaneous light out of gallium arsenide.

And then several of us went home and realized there ought to be a way to make that coherent, into a laser, and we did it. And - but I'm the guy that was crazy enough to make my own homemade alloy, which a lot of people didn't think would work, and shift it up to where the eye could see. And that's the whole basis of it.

Ah, did you - why did it take 50 years?

Well because these crystal systems are complicated, how to grow them is complicated. There are wrong methods and arguments about right ways to proceed, and it just - it's a zig-zag process. You make a bad move, and then you're going to make another move to find your way, and it just took a long while to get there.

turn 1 : Developing the semiconductor laser required experimentation and risk-taking.

turn 1 : The LIDAR machine is a highly classified technology.

turn 1 : B said zap it and drill it by zap they mean by firing a laser.

turn 1 : The goal is to make micro solar installation easy and convenient for inventors and companies.


Ah, did you - why did it take 50 years?

turn 3 : B said zap it and drill it by zap they mean by firing a laser.

turn 3 : Creating the semiconductor laser required trial and error.

turn 3 : is to practice or prepare for a performance.

turn 3 : Designing and engineering glass for touch functionality is necessary.


OK, now let's talk nuts and bolts here, Nick. How close are we to actually getting something of practical use outside of the experimental laboratory here?

We don't know because we're relying on technology to improve to bring those prices down. But we've looked at what's been going on in the last few years, driven by genome research. And the most expensive stage is synthesizing DNA - the prices there drop by a factor of 10 about every five years. So 10 years from now, it will be 100 times cheaper, and our projections are that at that point it's something you or I might be able to afford to do for information that was of great value to us that we wanted to keep on something like a 50-year time scale.

And that's something like - you know, maybe that will be my children taking a video recording of their wedding and wanting to put that somewhere safe for their grandchildren. It will be expensive, but it will be possible. And if you care enough about the information you want to pass down through a couple of generations, you might choose to do it.

I'll place it on the shelf right next to my 3-D printer when I. . .

turn 0 : nuts and bolts in this context means schematics, or the finer details

turn 0 : "puzzle pieces to fall back down in place" - This is a metaphorical phrase used to describe the resolution of trade issues. It means that the trade issues need to be sorted out and resolved before the situation can return to normal.

turn 0 : when something is made clear in this context it means that it is explained so people understand

turn 0 : to move in direction in this context means to change something

turn 0 : The speaker is asking about the process of obtaining a vanity plate and the motivations behind it.


They are, yes, they're getting longer. Yeah, the Earth's spinning down. And this actually goes back to George Darwin's original idea that the Earth could have been spinning really fast because being the son of Charles Darwin, he was familiar with the fossil record, and there were these puzzles when you looked at certain fossils that should have little layers accreted on the - you know, I think it was corals every day.

You know, go deep back into the fossil record, and you start to see 400 layers accreted per year instead of 365. And so there was this evidence that there were more days per year, which indicates that the days were shorter. And so our days are lengthening, the months are lengthening. There's nothing you can do about it.

I think that's a great place to call it. Thank you, Dr.  Asphaug, for coming and joining us on the show.

Oh, you're most welcome, thank you.

turn 0 : at the end of the day means something is likely going to happen or what happens after everything else.

turn 0 : The idea of climate change is not new but our understanding of it has improved.

turn 0 : The Earth's days are getting longer due to the planet spinning slower and there were more days per year in the past based on fossil record evidence.

turn 0 : We're slowing down but transferring spin to the moon.

turn 0 : Extreme weather swings are happening more often due to climate change


Sounds like if you could meet with the president again, you would tell him the same thing you told him last time.

That's exactly right. Matter of fact, obviously that was the announcement there, but he was heading to Japan. And in the Oval Office, I said, Mr.  President, we need a trade agreement with Japan. We're losing market share there right now because others are entering that market at a lower tariff rate than what we are. Canada is taking our market share that we worked hard to earn. And the longer this goes on, the more harm it is. It's going to be the more difficult force to be able to regain. And so, Mr.  President, when you're talking to Abe, please let's get back into have a free trade agreement with Japan.

Is it frustrating though that you would have to tell them the same thing again when you thought less than two weeks ago you had a fix?

Well, compared to me not planting my corn, it's not that frustrating. So - but, you know, I think you've got to be understanding that on the rural playing field that yes, there are other issues. We can be patient. We know that - I would have a tendency to agree that there is unfair trade practices in other areas, and those need to be addressed. To a certain effect, we're getting sideswiped because it's not our product. It is what it is, but I think we need those that - we are true believers in free and fair trade. And so we want that in all sectors of society.

turn 1 : Despite the friendly relations between the US and Japan, the President is unhappy with Japan's trade policies and is pressuring Prime Minister Abe to make changes.

turn 1 : The speaker wants the President to negotiate a new trade agreement with Japan

turn 1 : Mr. Abe is trying to please President Trump by showing him a good time in Japan

turn 1 : China is trying to negotiate the best possible deal while doing as little as possible to please Trump.


We've been covering the life and legacy of President George H. W. Bush today. A look now at his foreign policy; the first major foreign crisis for the U. S.  after the end of the Cold War occurred during his presidency. In August of 1990, Saddam Hussein, the leader of Iraq, ordered his army to invade Kuwait. The small gulf country was a major supplier of oil to the U. S.  Saudi Arabia was also worried. So in December, the United States launched Operation Desert Shield. We're going to turn now to a well-traveled war correspondent, our colleague, NPR's Deborah Amos. She arrived in Saudi Arabia two days after the invasion of Kuwait and was there for the duration. Deb, thanks so much for being with us.

Good morning, Scott.

Tell us about Gulf War I. It was preceded by a lot of diplomacy, wasn't it?

Well, he - President Bush is remembered for this phrase - this will not stand, this aggression against Kuwait will not stand. Here was a leader who - he was the last president who served in World War II. He was a diplomat. But what was important about the way he embraced this war, he was proud of being prudent. You know, it's said that. . .

turn 0 : Bush admits he compromised his beliefs to address economic crisis

turn 0 : "And in that sense, we are having a crisis that really affects Western liberal democracies writ large."  The actual meaning implied here is that the crisis being discussed is not limited to a specific country or region but has a broader impact on Western liberal democracies as a whole. It suggests that the crisis is significant and far-reaching.

turn 0 : The US has failed to protect its national interests by instead pursuing nation-building activities and regime changes in foreign countries.

turn 0 : The first major foreign crisis for the U.S. after the end of the Cold War occurred during his presidency.

turn 0 : The dominance of the dollar gives the US considerable power in international trade.


And one more email.

And one more email, yeah. And it was quite literally the last email that I opened. And the email said, basically, Dear, Mr.  Feuer. Ever since I saw your story on the other Alan Feuer one year ago, I've been meaning to get in touch with you. I didn't want to do so while Alan was alive. Now, that he has passed away, would you like to know the truth about his background?

Well, you know, she - this woman who was, in fact, Alan's step niece. So, you know, imagine a, you know, a niece coming in by second marriage essentially. She went on to kind of flash out the family relationships, and she told me that while this life of grand society that I, in fact, had witnessed myself was absolutely true, the sort of back story that Alan had held up - Austrian blue blood, you know, mother live too long - all these stuff was, in fact, not true. And she said that, you know, if I wanted to get in touch with her, she would tell me, in fact, what the truth was. So I got in touch with her.

And this is a story of a man not from Austria but, in fact, born in Brooklyn and raised in Westchester?

turn 1 : The actual meaning of this turn is to be aware of the potential consequences of what you write in emails and to be careful with what you say via email.

turn 1 : The email contains information about the background of someone named Alan Feuer which cannot be disclosed until he passed away.

turn 1 : This implies that people have been hiding secret messages within a seemingly innocuous message, image, or other file in a way that is not apparent to anyone who is not the intended recipient for ages.

turn 1 : The literal meaning of the fourth turn is that one should be careful when writing emails so that they wouldn't be embarrassed if they were published. However, the implied meaning is that one should be careful when writing emails because they may be exposed and used against them.


And one more email.

turn 1 : is that Alan was very sophisticated and charming.

turn 1 : The statement "I know in my heart he shouldn't be dead," actual meaning a deep sense of sadness and loss over Jason's death, and wishes that he were still alive.

turn 1 : The cover story in question caused controversy but served an important purpose.

turn 1 : Someone wants to reveal the truth about Alan's background after his death.


And one more email.

turn 3 : is that Alan was very sophisticated and charming.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is implying that her character's story line on the show mirrored her own life experience.

turn 3 :  "I don't know that story" - This turn has a literal meaning, which is that the person speaking is not familiar with the story being referred to.

turn 3 : The author included difficult experiences in the book for a reason.

turn 3 : The story of Alan's life is not as it was originally portrayed.


Was it an easy decision for you to make?What was going through your mind when you made that switch?

No, it was definitely - it was easy decision for me to make. You know, before this, I wasn't really a very political person. As far as the guns go, you know - I don't try to talk too much about because I know becomes too polarizing. We have, you know, people that go to the right, and people go to left, and they forget about making schools safe. Listen. I believe in the Second Amendment. I believe in the right for people to bear arms. But I think that we can come to common ground to make responsible laws and decisions in how we can make our society safer.

You have two sons who are also in the Broward County School System. What have you talked about with them as they've headed back to school this year?

Sure. So I've had some tough conversations with them. I bought them a ballistic-resistant backpack.

turn 1 : The phrase, "on the ground" implies being in a place or situation where something important is happening, rather than somewhere else.

turn 1 : AGREE WITH THE TURN AND IMPLIED MEANING AND BELIVE THAT EVERYONE

turn 1 : on the one hand refers to one argument a person might have, or an opinion

turn 1 : Common ground means a place in opinion where two different sides think alike.