Yeah.

. . . What role do you think Congress should be playing now?

Well, we've had this long debate - haven't we?- over the '01 and '02 AUMFs.

You mean the authorizations for use of military force?

turn 1 : to watch someone play means to watch them perform

turn 1 : The literal meaning is that they are playing games with each other. The actual meaning is that they are engaged in political posturing and not serious negotiation.

turn 1 : playing refers to as and implies engaged with or undertake

turn 1 : to serve in this context means to help

turn 1 : A: "This is a procedure that's sort of fun to play with."  The speaker is using the phrase "fun to play with" to describe an activity that may not necessarily be entertaining, but is interesting or engaging to participate in.


I started the business as a hobby. I needed a break from the logical legal work that I was doing every day, and I decided as a creative outlet I'd like to start making spa products as a gift. I contacted a store in Canada, and they sent me some raw ingredients, taught me how to mix some things. I took them in to work, and people really liked them.

People often think of, say, Carol's Daughter, you know, and the spa-product industry being a woman's thing. But I also remember going down to cover Hurricane Katrina and there was a doctor, Dr.  Friedman, who - he and his sons would make soaps and things like that. What spoke to you about this business?Why did you want to do it?

I was looking for a sense of wellness, and I've always tried to take good care of myself. So, one of the things I would do is, I work very hard, but I also take good care of myself in a healthy way. So, one of the ways I do that is by going to spas. I've always been a fan of the product, and I was a great consumer of the product. So, in building my business, I knew exactly what I expected, as a high-end consumer, of the market.

Some people say, OK, spa items, beauty items, those are all things that people will cut in tough times. What have you seen in terms of the past year or so of your business?

turn 0 : Starting the spa business was a way to escape from monotonous work.

turn 0 : Opening a restaurant without money was a difficult and risky venture

turn 0 : People want to work hard for things.

turn 0 : The behavior of the company should be investigated since it continued for many years.

turn 0 : when a company collapses, it means they went out of business.


turn 1 : It gives you insight of how to be a man and take care of your business and have integrity, visionary goal-setting and respect for one another.

turn 1 : Men can also be interested in the spa-product industry.

turn 1 : Advertising that promises dominance and masculinity appeals to certain people

turn 1 : The requirements for these positions are very strict and may seem excessive.

turn 1 : There is a shift in consumer behavior towards cheaper options, benefiting certain businesses.


turn 2 : my business, speaker does not an actual business, but means his line or work

turn 2 : The speaker is actually expressing gratitude and appreciation for the host's interest in their work.

turn 2 : The speaker feels he has reached the height of his professional career by performing in a certain venue

turn 2 : Asking how the speaker is managing their expenses.

turn 2 : The speaker's experience as a consumer helped in building their business.


And obviously, Florida is a very important state. It's no coincidence he's kicking off his campaign there. Where else do you expect to see President Trump in the months ahead?

So he'll be back in Florida; we know that for sure. It's a key state in that he isn't president without winning Florida, and he needs it for re-election. But you can also expect to see him in those other states that he won very narrowly in the upper Midwest - Wisconsin, Michigan. And the campaign is stretching. They want insurance. And at this point, they have money. They've been fundraising since Inauguration Day. And they are stretching, trying to reach into states you wouldn't expect, like Minnesota or even New Mexico and New Hampshire, which Hillary Clinton won last time around.

That's NPR White House correspondent Tamara Keith at President Trump's rally in Orlando, Fla. Thanks, Tam.

You're welcome.

turn 1 : The president is trying to divert attention away from negative news about him and his administration

turn 1 : The President has been using flashy events and rallies to maintain the spotlight on himself and his presidency

turn 1 :  This turn actually means that people should not expect to "love" Donald Trump as the Republican nominee, but should come together as a party to face the challenges that lie ahead.

turn 1 : President Trump's campaign is targeting swing states and expanding beyond the states he won in 2016

turn 1 : Donald Trump is becoming increasingly desperate as he realizes the gravity of the situation he's in.


You're welcome.

turn 1 : run for president means to campaign for presidency

turn 1 : President Trump's campaign is targeting swing states for re-election

turn 1 : People are expecting the President to come up with solutions to address the issues in the South Side.


And so in my defense perhaps, you know, overly defensive, I said Anne(ph), just because some Negro preacher, got his hand caught in a cookie jar, that's not my problem. She said I can't believe you. I said, well, he wouldn't have been indicted if he wasn't guilty. She said, what?

So, how did it get to the point where you got on the bus, so to speak?

His secretary, Dora McDonald called back and said, oh, Mr.  Jones — I never met her, I heard her over the phone — she says, you know, Dr.  King, he enjoyed so much his visit with you. He's a guest preacher over in Los Angeles, and he wanted you to come and see him and hear him preach on Sunday. And so, after I got the message, I told my wife verbatim what the message was from Dora McDonald. And her reaction, again, she went on the offensive. She says, well, you may not be going to Montgomery, but you are going to that church.

So, I go this church of Reverend H. B. Charles, I think that's the name of the church, and I go into this church. I'm sitting there about the 25th row and so forth, and Dr.  King gets up after he's introduced, and he gets up and he says, brothers and sisters, the text of my sermon today is the role and responsibility of a Negro professional to aid our less fortunate people who are struggling in the South.

turn 3 : "the role and responsibility of a Negro professional to aid our less fortunate people who are struggling in the South" - This statement implies that the speaker is discussing the responsibility of educated African-Americans to help those in need in the Southern United States. The literal meaning is the topic of Dr. King's sermon.

turn 3 : The speaker believes that the country needs to move past the legacy of slavery and racism to make progress. The reference to Martin Luther King Jr. suggests that the speaker believes in King's philosophy of non-violent protest and advocacy for civil rights.

turn 3 :  "Well, for so long nobody really knew where they were from." - The literal meaning of this turn is a response to the previous statement, but the actual meaning is an acknowledgment of the historical difficulties African Americans have faced in tracing their ancestry due to the legacy of slavery and displacement.

turn 3 : "Do they opt for a behavioral explanation saying that they're just apathetic and they tend toward bad behavior. And if they would just change their behavior, things would be better for them." - The literal meaning is that some people believe that the behavior of certain individuals in the black community is the cause of their problems, and if they changed their behavior, things would improve. The actual meaning is that this is a simplistic and flawed explanation for the complex issues facing the black community, and ignores the structural and systemic factors that contribute to their problems.

turn 3 : black people  implies African American people and not black color humans beings


Many political figures tweeted thoughts and prayers just after last week's church murders in Texas. Just as immediately, there were many sharp responses. Wil Wheaton, the actor and writer who has more than 3 million Twitter followers, wrote Speaker Paul Ryan, the murdered victims were in a church. If prayers did anything, they'd still be alive - and added an expletive. Mr.  Wheaton later tweeted an apology for insulting what he called real people of faith.

David French joins us now, a senior writer for National Review, a Harvard law graduate. He received the Bronze Star for his Army service in Iraq. And Mr.  French, on this Veterans Day, thank you very much for being with us.

Well, thank you so much for having me. I appreciate it.

You wrote this week that for people of faith, including those who were in that church, prayer is, in fact, a powerful response. How so?

turn 0 : Journalists sometimes face danger, and killing them won't stop the truth.

turn 0 : They are implying what is your opinion

turn 0 : They are implying celebrities do not care about murders

turn 0 : They want to know if the seriousness of the situation makes the government appear to be bad to the public.

turn 0 : He says it's incumbent on the press and on the media not to make it easy for celebrities to have these terribly serious transgressions alleged and be able to skate by on their charm, on their fame, on their accomplishments outside the arena of these allegations."  Implicated meaning: The speaker is emphasizing the responsibility of the press and media to hold celebrities accountable for their serious wrongdoings, rather than allowing them to escape scrutiny based on their charisma, reputation, or achievements unrelated to the allegations.


And you'll vote again, yes, today.

I will, although I'm pretty peeved at the Senate for putting in the baloney tax extension. I mean, I can't believe that the Senate did that. I mean, how disgusting. But we're over a barrel, we've got to hold our nose. You know, we can't let the state of California go belly up financially.

There is a real risk though, congresswoman, that even if the House passes this it goes through, the president signs it - that it won't help, that it won't unfreeze the credit markets.

We're still going to have a problem. I mean, there is no question that there is already layoff. There's going to be an economic decline. There's going to be a recession. The question is how deep and, you know, is this going to be a catastrophe or is just going to be bad. This is not the last thing we're going to have to do.

turn 2 : Passing this bill may not be enough to improve the credit market.

turn 2 : Credit is important for farmers to survive and the credit crunch has made it more expensive and difficult to obtain

turn 2 : The economy is doing very poorly, and consumers are struggling to pay their debts and bills.

turn 2 : Congressional Republicans won't pass the bill unless the President makes sure they will not be hurt politically.

turn 2 : The current economic situation requires more than loans to help the auto companies - other measures must be taken.


And you'll vote again, yes, today.

turn 3 : THERE IS A BIG CHANGE THE PEOPLE HAVE ALREADY LOST THEIR MONEY

turn 3 : The economic situation will get worse, and it's uncertain how bad it will be.

turn 3 : There are not actual signs but instances that cause worry for the economy.

turn 3 : The economic situation is causing a significant decrease in hiring, sales, and investment.

turn 3 : There will be significant concerns in the region moving forward.


But you're reporting the car companies don't want this to end up in the courts. How come?

So it takes a long time to bring a car to market. It takes five years to introduce a new product for these automakers. So they're planning years in advance. If you know what the regulations are going to be in five years, you can make decisions about what kinds of cars you want to bring to market.

If you don't know because it's up in the air and a judge could issue a ruling at any time that will change the regulation of your entire industry, then there's a lot of uncertainty. So even some carmakers who, again, were kind of skeptical about the original rules are really adamant now that they definitely don't want this feud, this back-and-forth, to continue.

They just want clarity. NPR's Camila Domonoske, thank you so much.

turn 1 : Car companies need to understand their industry's future to create effective advertising

turn 1 : Regulators should protect the interests of drivers and other small players in the industry

turn 1 : Car companies want to know the future regulations to plan ahead

turn 1 : The Big Three auto companies are facing financial difficulties.

turn 1 : The current economic situation requires more than loans to help the auto companies - other measures must be taken.


I think - and this is important to be aware of - you know, ISIS changed its messaging over time. And so there was women who went at different times, responding to different aspects of that appeal.

But I think a big part of the history that we have to remember is, in the Middle East, you know, ISIS unfolding in the wake of the collapse of the Arab Spring. And women were really central to those uprisings, to those protests. They didn't have a lot of - there was not a lot of space for women in a lot of the repressive orders in those countries before the 2011 revolutions. And you know, one by one, those collapsed into civil war, into greater repression. I think in the aftermath of that, ISIS emerged.

And for some young women in those societies, it was that just order. Those kind of dashed hopes were exploited. And part of the appeal of ISIS, I think, in those early days in countries like Tunisia and for girls like Nour, was that there was no other way to be politically active, to be a feminist of any kind. It was the only door that was open.

I was about to mention the story of Nour. She was a high school dropout from Tunisia. And you make the point in the book that she was sort of rebelling against a secular state. And it was her way of expressing her female identity.

turn 1 : International investment is necessary to maintain the success against ISIS

turn 1 : Unfolded meaning that things are revealed to what they really are, in this case the lives of young women involved in ISIS.

turn 1 : Isis began just as the Arab's began to collapse or at least lose popularity.

turn 1 : The issue of people joining ISIS should be a continuous and well-funded focus, not just a temporary concern when a catastrophic event occurs.

turn 1 : The ISIS terrorist attack in Egypt is now on both Christians who were their initial target to their fellow Muslims.


If that works for them - you know, Rick Barry obviously had a lot of success with that.

Yeah.

But it's definitely, I think, probably more difficult. But if you can master that, then do what you please. But it's definitely been easy for me shooting overhand.

Yeah. You do have two more years to break your own record, you know?

turn 2 : It is easier to do something when there are no obstacles (guards) around.

turn 2 : The decision to turn back was a difficult one, but it was the right decision to protect your hands from potential damage.

turn 2 : Take a shot means have a try in this context, not actually shoot someone

turn 2 : Shooting overhand is easier for me than underhand.

turn 2 : is to practice or prepare for a performance.


And this week on Africa update, we have more on the political crisis in Kenya. President Bush has pledged aid to Africa, but is it enough?And France extends an olive branch to Rwanda.

For more on all of this, we've got Bill Fletcher. He is a senior scholar with the Institute for Policy Studies and former president of TransAfrica Forum. Hi, Bill.

Hey.

So we just heard Ofeibea Quist-Arcton's report, very vivid report on the violence in Kenya's Rift Valley area. Can you tell us a bit more about that area?Give us some background on the ethnic groups that live there.

turn 3 : The literal meaning: B is asking for analysis or insights regarding the current state of the Libyan government and the factors that influence society. The implied meaning: B is seeking a deeper understanding of the implications and consequences of the television-only coup, possibly in relation to the stability and functioning of the government and the societal dynamics in Libya.

turn 3 : The speaker is asking about the tradition of political comedy in South Africa and whether there is a history of satirizing those in power. Implicated meaning: The speaker is curious about the role of comedy in South African politics and whether it has been used as a tool for dissent.

turn 3 : Although the question is asking for background information on the ethnic groups that live in Kenya's Rift Valley area, the implied meaning behind this turn is that Bill Fletcher is being asked to provide context and further information on the political crisis and violence in Kenya,

turn 3 : "what more you know" - This turn literally means "what additional information do you have," but it implies that the person being asked already has some information about the bombings, so it is asking for further details.

turn 3 : Literally, turn (4) is asking for information about which countries are blocking entry to travelers and how that will affect them. However, the implied meaning is that B is concerned about the impact of travel restrictions on those countries and possibly on the global effort to contain the Ebola epidemic.


Well, I think what's wrong with it is manifold. Our social safety net is embarrassingly weak; it barely merits the name. We give unemployment benefits that are stingy by rich countries' standards over periods that are short by rich countries' standards. And something a lot of people don't know, only about one-third of the unemployed even qualify because of various eligibility requirements. And on top of that, people lose their health insurance, some of them lose their pensions and so on.

And, we have estimates now that the unemployment rate will go up to at least 8 percent now.

I think that's right. I think at this point, we'll be fortunate or skillful, depending on how you want to think about it, if we can hold the line at 8 percent. I think higher is probably likely.

OK. So let's talk about unemployment benefits, and what do you think President-elect Obama should do about extending those?

turn 0 : The social safety net is inadequate due to strict eligibility requirements and inadequate benefits.

turn 0 : There is a dangerous situation happening that requires people to seek shelter and take precautions.

turn 0 : It's important to take risks and learn from failure.

turn 0 : Despite the court case, people can still enroll for insurance


You know, I thought at this point that nothing the president did could surprise me. He surprised me. To say the least, it is a stunning lack of understanding and judgment on his part, frankly.

Can you just walk me through that why?

Well, look at who we're talking to. This is the Taliban. It is not a sovereign government. To extend an invitation to Camp David for a meeting with the president when they have not accepted a ceasefire, a full ceasefire, when they are very much in the business of killing American troopers and Afghan civilians. This is not the first casualty that we've had out there since these talks began. But to invite people like that under these conditions to Camp David to be hosted by the president of the United States - that to me was something unthinkable until, obviously, he thought it.

Do you have any sense of what role this meeting would have played in the discussions that have taken place so far?I mean, a lot of people are focusing on today sort of the optics of it. A lot of the people in the president's own party are having trouble with that - I mean, bringing the Taliban to meet at Camp David with the president of the United States. But substantively, though, what role would a discussion like this have played in trying to finalize these negotiations?

turn 1 : The person is asking the other person if they can say someting that might make them think differently about something.

turn 1 : They are asking if the other person can help them to understand what they mean.

turn 1 :  (2) Implies that the speaker is asking if the person they are talking to has anyone that helps them verify the facts that they are gathering.

turn 1 : They are asking what would be the best thing for the person to find.

turn 1 : they are just acknowledging the person's response


Can you just walk me through that why?

turn 1 : (2) The literal meaning of this turn is a simple question, but the implied meaning is that the speaker wants to know what actions can be taken to address the issue being discussed and is seeking guidance or suggestions.

turn 1 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer

turn 1 : walk me through means to explain why to the person asking

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be hinting at something indirectly and expects the listener to understand the intended message.


Yeah. He's a very open-minded and sweet kind of guy. He actually genuinely cares about the kids that he helped create. And he doesn't feel too detached to call us, like, his offspring. But he doesn't feel attached to call us his kids. So he calls us his ducklings.

(Laughter) Do you like that?

I love it.

And did he know that he had so many offspring when you first encountered him?

turn 0 : Kids like to learn about everything and they are always questioning what they see.

turn 0 : lame duck implies the person is a failure or couldn't achieve success

turn 0 : Open minded means to be ready to consider all options and ideas. Ducklings is because ducks have large numbers of children and so does he.

turn 0 : squirrel implies to hide some money for future use and not referring to an animal or rodents

turn 0 : Duck can swim is for sure impling that I can take care of myself is for sure.


Yeah, it was. And you know, people did everything from bringing full-on sleeping bags to wearing what looked like, you know, fall clothes for a stroll in the park. People had very different strategies about what they were going to bring. They had very different understandings of what the security lines would let them bring in. There were huge piles of debris afterwards from things people couldn't bring onto the Mall. You know, it was organized chaos. I mean, it went off really smoothly considering, but there was certainly moments where people didn't completely know what to do, but there was no one who I've heard of who had a bad time. The only time that things are bad here is when you're trying to catch a taxi because there aren't any.

Well, you know, Metro police said there were no arrests, at least initially, as a result of all those people being there, which is remarkable in and of itself. You could have that large a crowd and everyone be that well behaved.

People were amazing. I saw these young brothers last night, and they were like, where's the Mall?And this is one o'clock in the morning. And I went, oh, there's not going to be any parking over there. They're like, we just drove from Chicago. Where's the Mall?I was like, that way. So, people just brought their A-game.

All right. Farai, thank you very much.

turn 0 : They had a hard time coming up with something that would amaze and impress people.

turn 0 : The rareness of the event made it unexpected and surprising.

turn 0 : The behavior was unacceptable to what the people would accept.

turn 0 : Despite the chaos, people had a good time at the event.

turn 0 : Despite differences, he saw the good in all people.


All right. Farai, thank you very much.

turn 2 : There was almost a competition for who had the authority of the the situation.

turn 2 : They didn't get into position in the same way as some places were protests and riots occurred.

turn 2 : Contrary to the prediction, many Americans did not cancel their summer road trips

turn 2 : They would not do bad things were most people would find out about them.

turn 2 : People were determined and enthusiastic despite the late hour and lack of parking.


Yeah.

. . . And they're called casseurs - breakers. They love to smash windows. They love to tear stuff up. And actually, the interior minister said that Marine Le Pen - that's the far-right leader - sent out far-right, you know, hooligans to cause havoc. So she, of course, denies that. But in every demonstration in France, these young men - they wear hoods, and they love to come out. So there's definitely that element.

And I've been talking to people out here. You know, a father had his 6-year-old daughter out here. He's not out there smashing things. So they're angry. They feel like their march is being taken over. But I can hear them screaming, Macron resign, way up, chanting in the crowd. So yes, people are causing, you know, damage and havoc, but there are regular people who are just angry.

NPR's Eleanor Beardsley on the streets of Paris. Eleanor, thanks very, very much for being with us.

turn 1 : "talk about a single aspect" - actual meaning: talk about a single element or component

turn 1 :  you imply that something is the case

turn 1 : elements in this context is something that causes something else, or something that can help something, in this case its asthma

turn 1 : when something is a headache in this context it means its annoying


No, no. I'm a member of the House of Lords, and I'm a proud British citizen. And, you know, if you want to meet monarchists, I'm about as monarchist as you can get. Now, I'm absolutely a proud Brit.

But I do want a German passport as well, which we're able to have, because I want to be able to travel freely throughout Europe. And I do feel that my ancestry is European. All four of my grandparents were German, and my mother and her parents came to this country before the war as refugees, and Britain was wonderful to them.

But now that I discover I am entitled to a German passport as well as my British one - I'm a proud British subject - that's what I'm going to do.

Is your decision impelled, or at least hastened, by the vote on Brexit?

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is hinting at a deeper or hidden motive or intention behind their actions or words.

turn 3 : (4) is a straightforward denial of B's implied meaning, and does not carry any additional implied meanings beyond that.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be hinting at a desire or need for help or support from the listener.

turn 3 :  (4) is an expression of surprise. The implied meaning is an expression of admiration.

turn 3 : (4) - Impelled in this context implies "motivated" or "influenced" which is different from its literal meaning of "urged or forced".


Well, yeah. But you see what I mean?Because it is about perception and how we need to be - to understand what we're seeing before we can really see it, that's really key to understanding this whole issue of climate change and why we see or don't see what's right in front of us.

What drew you to monarchs in the first place?

I had really wanted to write about the subject for a long time. I live in southern Appalachia. I am surrounded by neighbors and friends - people I respect very much - who don't really understand climate change or believe in it, even though, as farmers, they're getting socked by it. We've had unprecedented, disastrous weather time and again. So it's such a strange contradiction that the people in our continent who are first to feel the harm of a changing climate are the last to be able to talk about it.

That was such a conundrum and such rich territory for a novel to tread, that I was just looking for the right way to get into the subject. And one morning, I just woke up with this vision in my eyes of millions of butterflies covering the forest behind my house. I just - I mean, I didn't actually see it. I imagined it. I woke up and there it was, and I knew that was it.

turn 0 : The idea of climate change is not new but our understanding of it has improved.

turn 0 : We are already committed to climate change, so we need to focus on adapting to it.

turn 0 : A deeper understanding of climate change is needed to comprehend its effects.

turn 0 : Climate change is a significant issue in people's opinions and politics

turn 0 : Climate change is hard to see because of how we perceive it.


turn 0 : Understanding climate change is not just about seeing, but also about perception.


turn 2 : Farmers who are most affected by climate change are the least likely to believe in it

turn 2 : Climate change is a significant issue in people's opinions and politics

turn 2 : Climate change is real, dangerous, and costly. We need to take action.

turn 2 : Climate change is hard to see because of how we perceive it.


turn 2 : The farming communities are disappearing due to factors such as depopulation, urbanization, and economic challenges.

turn 2 : Farmers in southern Appalachia feel the harm of a changing climate but are the last to talk about it.

turn 2 : The discussion about climate change is not only limited to public discourse, but it is also a significant topic in political discourse, including presidential, Senate, and congressional races.

turn 2 : The Obama administration has made efforts to combat climate change


turn 3 : (3) - Describe for our listeners what the monarch butterflies look like, instead of asking the listeners to actually go and see them.

turn 3 : the phenomenon described in the book is extraordinary and could be perceived as a miracle by some readers, even though the literal meaning is simply acknowledging that the phenomenon is portrayed realistically in the book.

turn 3 : The poet's work is inspired by various cultural influences and experiences.

turn 3 : The author woke up with a vision of millions of butterflies covering the forest, which inspired the novel.


So this is the story. In Islam, you can't remove a picture which has a cross in it. That was my wife's understanding. She - that's what she gave me to understand. And she said, don't ever remove this. And then this restaurant became very lucky for us. We - from being hand to mouth, we became self-sufficient. So this proved to be a lucky painting. Plus, this was a colorful painting, and this was all we could afford at the time. So we want to keep it, and we want to keep that cross as long as I'm alive and kicking.

It's a sign of how so many communities have built Houston into what it is today - influencing each other, melding into something unique. Lashkari has applied that to the dishes he serves. His signature chicken curry, cooked in huge metal pots in his sweltering, fragrant kitchen, is made with Mexican tomatillos and cilantro. It's incredibly delicious. And we ate that along with the best saag paneer, a spinach and cheese dish, that I have ever tasted.

We do a lot of fusion right now. This restaurant is famous for its fried chicken. It's fried the Southern way, but it's - the chicken - the raw chicken is marinated with Indian spices. My white gravy is made with cashew nuts and almonds and coconut. So it looks like a white gravy of the chicken-fried steak, but it's totally different.

So Pakistani and Indian food with deep Texas roots.

Yeah, yeah.

turn 0 : "In Islam, you can't remove a picture which has a cross in it." - This turn has a figurative meaning because Islam does not allow the use of religious symbols like crosses, so it is unlikely that this would be a literal rule.

turn 0 :  "So this is the story. In Islam, you can't remove a picture which has a cross in it... Plus, this was a colorful painting, and this was all we could afford at the time. So we want to keep it, and we want to keep that cross as long as I'm alive and kicking."  The actual meaning of this turn is different from its literal meaning. The speaker is not simply describing the painting and its significance, but also explaining the cultural and religious background that led him to keep the painting with the cross, despite not being Christian himself.

turn 0 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer


Yeah, yeah.

turn 3 : "Lashkari has applied that to the dishes he serves... His signature chicken curry, cooked in huge metal pots in his sweltering, fragrant kitchen, is made with Mexican tomatillos and cilantro. It's incredibly delicious. And we ate that along with the best saag paneer, a spinach and cheese dish, that I have ever tasted."  The actual meaning of this turn is different from its literal meaning. The speaker is not simply describing the food and its taste, but also highlighting the diversity and cultural fusion that has contributed to Houston's unique culinary scene.

turn 3 : "So Pakistani and Indian food with deep Texas roots." - This turn is literal in meaning because it accurately describes the cultural influences on the food.

turn 3 : The literal meaning of this turn is to state that the speaker is of mixed racial and/or ethnic heritage. However, the actual meaning is to downplay the significance of the speaker's racial and ethnic identity.

turn 3 : The food in a region is influenced by its religion and proximity to other countries.


We don't presume when we cover the news. But we see estimates. For instance, FiveThirtyEight has her close to a 90-percent favorite in terms of their poll aggregation. If we're just projecting forward - and again, we don't know - this could be a very bitter aftermath.

Forget about honeymoons. You know, I was talking - I convened a roundtable of former campaign chiefs of staff yesterday - Republicans.

And two of them mentioned to me that they thought within the first year of her being in office, Paul Ryan, the speaker of the House, would be under great pressure to bring articles of impeachment.

During that debate, Hillary Clinton kind of deftly avoided any real response on the Goldman Sachs speeches, on her husband's transgressions, if I might put it delicately, and accusations of pay-to-play relationship between the Clinton Foundation and the State Department. Do you think these are the kind of issues that might persist after November 8, whatever the result?

Absolutely. And, of course, the email issues, as well - we saw this report come out last week of a, quote, unquote, "potential quid pro quo" between the FBI and State Department investigators. This is something that I think Republicans are going to use to unite themselves.

turn 1 : The speaker is worried about their own marriage

turn 1 : (2) "Forget about honeymoons" - This phrase implies that the situation is not positive and that there is no opportunity to start off on a fresh and positive note.

turn 1 : Being honest about the current situation can help restore confidence

turn 1 : having regrets implies not being happy and satisfied over an outcome

turn 1 : (2) can mean "I'm grateful for this opportunity"


turn 2 : Impeachment is not a viable solution and there are other pressing issues to address.

turn 2 : Democrats wanting to impeach Trump is not a good idea and they should focus on other issues.

turn 2 : Democrats are trying to limit the President's power to take military action without approval from Congress.

turn 2 :  Republicans may attempt to use impeachment as a tool to try to challenge and limit Clinton's power.

turn 2 : They don't think Nancy Pelosi would begin impeachment proceedings if she wasn't sure that what she knew would get the president impeached.


turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is subtly trying to convey a sense of urgency or importance in the matter being discussed, without explicitly stating it.

turn 3 : The literal meaning is that the listener doubts that they would tire of hearing from the speaker. The actual meaning is that the listener is being polite and respectful towards the speaker.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using a euphemism or understatement to convey a more significant or sensitive message.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be hinting at a desire or need for help or support from the listener.

turn 3 :  (4) "Delicately" - This word implies that the speaker is referring to a sensitive and delicate issue.


In the end, has the IMF been a force for good?What has it done that might otherwise not have been done?

You know, I think the comparison is with what happened in the '20s and '30s - that was a world in which we did not have a international lender of last resort. And it was a world in which countries went bankrupt. There was a massive retreat from globalization, countries lost confidence in the way the international financial system worked. And I think the proof of how valuable the IMF has been is the onward march of globalization.

But you're aware of the fact that when the IMF meets, there are going to be protesters outside who are saying that globalization is the problem.

Yeah and I think they're mistaken. They are objecting to some of the cultural consequences of globalization. But I don't think anyone can object to an institution that's committed to preventing people from going under.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: How does the IMF have the financial resources available to help countries in trouble?

turn 1 : The best way of thinking of the IMF is it's like a credit union that countries put deposits into the IMF, and then the IMF uses those deposits to help countries in trouble. - Implied meaning: Countries provide deposits to the IMF which can be used to help other countries in need.

turn 1 : There is a sense of panic in the financial system and central banks are the only ones willing to finance the banking sector.

turn 1 :  A: "lender of last resort" refers to a central bank or other institution that provides emergency funding to financial institutions or other entities in the event of a crisis. In this context, the IMF has been serving as a lender of last resort to countries facing financial difficulties, even if it is not a traditional central bank.

turn 1 : The rating agencies play an important role in the banks' ability to borrow money.


turn 2 : (2) Implies that the global migrant crisis is much bigger than most people think, and that many people are risking their lives in order to have a better life.  ChatGPT The global migrant crisis refers to the large number of people who are forced to flee their homes due to war, persecution, poverty, or environmental disaster

turn 2 : B: "the problem" refers to the negative effects of globalization, which may include job losses, cultural homogenization, and environmental degradation. The protesters are not necessarily saying that globalization is a problem in and of itself, but rather that the way it has been implemented has been harmful to many people and the planet.

turn 2 : There's mass starvation. There's mass poverty. There's mass oppression."  Here, the speaker is not simply stating the literal existence of these problems but implying that these issues are widespread and pervasive, affecting a large number of people in a significant manner.

turn 2 : The speaker believes that the protests represent a national issue and not just a local one.


And I just am saying to my Republican friends, look, I get it. I understand that there's certain things that he's said that really you can't ever look that way, but take a look. We're still months away from the election.

Mr.  Kelly, if you were advising Donald Trump - and, you know, he might hear this - is there some magic sentence that he could come up with that would - that would help heal things over?

I think he's already worked in that direction. I - I've never met Mr.  Trump, by the way, but I have been watching him. I've watched a Donald Trump who's different today than the Donald Trump I saw three or four weeks ago. I think he is a man who does understand messaging. He understands talking to people.

And as I said earlier, Mr.  Trump's success was not based just on his own ability and his own talent. It was working with many other people to get to something that was mutually beneficial. I've watched Mr.  Ryan. And I said before, he has more depth than the Pacific Ocean when it comes to policy, but he also works well with people to get to some common ground that makes sense. I would just say this - and Donald Trump doesn't need any advice from Mike Kelly. Paul Ryan doesn't need any advice from Mike Kelly.

turn 1 :  In statement 2, the speaker is implying that Trump should make a statement that can help heal the divide between him and the Republicans.

turn 1 : The turn that has an implied meaning different from its literal meaning is (2) when B asks, "Can you explain what part of Donald Trump's message is working with religious voters so that they would overlook maybe even some of their basic Christian beliefs to support him?" The literal meaning of the question is straightforward,

turn 1 : (2) B's question about a "magic sentence" that Donald Trump could come up with to heal things over implies a desire for a quick fix or easy solution to a complex problem of political division, which may not be realistic or possible.

turn 1 : Democrats wanting to impeach Trump is not a good idea and they should focus on other issues.

turn 1 : Donald Trump is becoming increasingly desperate as he realizes the gravity of the situation he's in.


turn 3 : (3) Implied meaning: Mr. Kelly is suggesting to his Republican friends to give Donald Trump a chance and to wait and see what happens before making a judgement.

turn 3 : B: "Does Speaker Ryan have the votes?" - This question is not asking whether Speaker Ryan possesses physical votes but rather whether he has enough support from fellow lawmakers to pass the legislation.

turn 3 : (4) A's comment that Paul Ryan doesn't need any advice from Mike Kelly implies that Kelly may not have the expertise or authority to offer advice to a seasoned politician like Ryan, or that Ryan may not be receptive to unsolicited advice.

turn 3 :  implies Donna was trying to remain supportive of Brian, despite his lack of interest in physical contact.


It's a natural product obviously. So a big thing in bikes is getting them aligned. And they said one of the things that took them years to figure out at Valid Cycles was how they get these poles all straight. So they had to build their own jig. I know that our bike geeks out there are going to like this.

Bike geek. They're going to love this.

Yeah.

But one of the question I need to ask you, as a bike geek yourself. . .

turn 0 : This implies that the bike industry intend to increase bike cost from current 10% increase to 25% increase.

turn 0 : The people that are very involved with and interested in bikes will like them.

turn 0 : They are implying what is your opinion

turn 0 : People want to work hard for things.

turn 0 : has a literal meaning of "Yes, the numbers aren't looking good for the person," but its actual meaning is "It looks like the person isn't likely to succeed."


It's interesting. There was an e-mail sent around by a professor at Berkeley yesterday to a bunch of prominent economists saying that the IMF and World Bank are having their annual meeting starting tomorrow, and it was incumbent on economists to weigh in and give them some suggestions. I just finished reading this list of essays, 15 of them written in one day. And the universal common denominator is that everybody sees the crisis right now as devolving from limited capital in the banking system. It's just remarkable how much economists have at least pin-pointed that as the problem, but I don't think that this is rocket science.

It's not rocket science; it's economics. It's the dismal science. It's just - it's not the University of Chicago's way, and now, you're saying, well, maybe this week, it is.

Look, it's not the University of Chicago. Most economists don't think that the government buying firms and taking them over or risking taxpayer money with no protection - to say that, if things improve, the taxpayers will get their money back - is a wise idea at all. I'm not saying that, but economists are famous for, on the one hand and on the other, and if, on the one hand, the choice is to let the economy sink into a recession just to teach these irresponsible bankers a lesson, or the other is to actually use the taxpayer money to prevent it, that's a pretty easy choice.

Anil Kashyap, professor of economics at the famed University of Chicago. Thank you.

turn 0 : There is little progress in the political process of finding a solution to the Syrian crisis.

turn 0 : "And in that sense, we are having a crisis that really affects Western liberal democracies writ large."  The actual meaning implied here is that the crisis being discussed is not limited to a specific country or region but has a broader impact on Western liberal democracies as a whole. It suggests that the crisis is significant and far-reaching.

turn 0 : Is this situation just overshadowed by other refugee and humanitarian crises in the world?  Implicated meaning: Is this situation being overlooked or given less attention compared to other refugee and humanitarian crises in the world?

turn 0 : The situation is more dire than what is being reported, as the resources available are not able to meet the needs of the refugees.

turn 0 : The problem of the crisis is not difficult to identify, but finding a solution is not that easy.


Well, that's a big part of the checkout of the - what we're doing for the first month or so is just going through and sort of systematically checking out each part of the rover, all of the science instruments, the basic mobility, capability, the arm, the different pieces just to make sure everything is okay after the voyage to Mars.

And then we'll start doing the science mission and really, in earnest, you know, start exploring the area around Bradbury's Landing. It's - in the case of ChemCam, we also get the benefit with the laser that we were actually able to do some early science measurements, as well. And so, as part of the checkout, we got science data in addition.

Do you have a rock in mind that you want to zap in earnest?

We did, yeah. Well, we actually zapped pretty much the area right around where the rover landed. And it's actually interesting to the scientists because the plume of the rocket engines actually, sort of, scoured out an area on both sides of the rover, which normally Mars is covered, all the surface area is covered, with a lot of dust.

turn 0 : This implies that the cold nature of Mars requires that some of the equipment be heated to some level before they can be used for science observation.

turn 0 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer

turn 0 : It implies the inspection of all necessary equipment that was used for the voyage to Mars.

turn 0 : 1) is a statement about air conditioners and furnaces breaking down in extreme weather conditions.


turn 1 : Scientists need more data to confirm their hypotheses.

turn 1 : They are just beginning and working with the first part of the data.

turn 1 : The findings are likely to vary depending on what field of study you have chosen, such as engineering or philosophy.

turn 1 : This implies that some science data were also gotten as a result of the inspection of equipment.


turn 2 : The implied meaning is that A is inquiring about the details surrounding B's special person.

turn 2 :  The actual meaning of these turns is that A and B are inquiring whether the car has been used and tested, not just looked at.

turn 2 : This implies that B wants to know if A has any Rock in mind that they want to use the rover's instruments to study.

turn 2 : It implies that A believe and understand what B means to a large extent.

turn 2 : A doesn't literally think the rock song proves anything about who can comprehend science. The implication is the concept of what science is should not be hard for ordinary people to understand.


I spent a lot of time reading, writing - self-education. I used the time to teach myself both criminal and civil law. And we lived on what we call an organized tier along the principles of the Black Panther Party, developing unity among the other guys on the tier. We taught guys how to read and write, which, you know, I think was my greatest achievement.

Mr.  Woodfox, how often were you gassed?

Oh, my goodness. Well, gas was a standard form of weapons that the security people used. So anytime you challenge inhumane treatment or you challenge unconstitutional conduct, they would gas you, you know. And depending on the severity of the confrontation, they would open up your cell, and they would come in and beat you down and then, you know, shackle you and bring you to the dungeon. And you probably would stay there a minimum of 10 days. The fact that I was involved in organizing a lot of the protests against - you know, along with Herman and Rob. . .

Friends of yours, fellow inmates who were in at the same time.

turn 2 : A is implying that the citizens were expressing their gratitude to Muscovites for protesting.

turn 2 : The speaker believes that the protests represent a national issue and not just a local one.

turn 2 : This implies that the morale of the protesters' was weakened probably because of the low turnout.

turn 2 : Speaker A is implying that they were gassed a LOT by exclaiming "oh my goodness" and noting he was involved in organizing a lot of the protests

turn 2 : In this turn, the speaker is not just providing a straightforward answer to the question asked by the interviewer. Instead, they are using the opportunity to condemn the violent behavior of protesters and emphasize the importance of peaceful demonstrations. The implied meaning is that the government does have a policy for dealing with protesters, but the speaker is more interested in making a statement about the need for peaceful protest.


(Laughter).

. . . I like that. Mannish is good.

It smelled mannish.

And then a day later, General Eisenhower gave the go-ahead.

turn 1 : A finds something amusing but doesn't want to explain why.

turn 1 : B finds something amusing or funny, but it's not clear what

turn 1 : (1) "B: (Laughter)." This turn implies that B found something funny or amusing, but it does not provide any literal information or statement.

turn 1 : B's laughter does not have a literal meaning but is likely a response to something humorous or lighthearted in the conversation.

turn 1 : B is impressed or surprised by what A said.


This week saw a victory for gun control advocates and a rare legal defeat for the firearms industry. The Connecticut Supreme Court ruled that families of victims of the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting can sue the manufacturer of the rifle used in that attack. The gun-maker is Remington Arms Company. The gun used is the AR-15-style Bushmaster rifle. One of the plaintiffs in the case is David Wheeler. His 6-year-old son, Ben, was among the 26 people killed - 20 of them first-graders. David, welcome to the program.

Thank you, Melissa.

What does this news mean to you?

Well, it's complex. Of course, it's complicated. I have an emotional reaction and more of an intellectual reaction that, you know, bounce around in me at the same time. It's a relief, certainly, emotionally. But I understand the - or have some layman's understanding of the complex nature of this case. But more importantly, it's not what it means to me. I think it's what it means for all Americans, which is this is the justice system prevailing. This is the Connecticut State Supreme Court saying these people have a legitimate claim. And they deserve a day in court.

turn 3 : The question is whether the Court will redo the case of Roe v. Wade and change the outcome of it.

turn 3 : The Connecticut State Supreme Court believes that the victims' families have a legitimate claim and deserve their day in court, which is a victory for all Americans

turn 3 : The justices will give their opinions on certain issues for the first time.

turn 3 : The judge ruled that the entire Affordable Care Act is unconstitutional

turn 3 : The supreme court has a great many decisions to make on cases.


Joel Rising has surely had this experience. Many frequent travelers have, a screaming baby on the airplane. But what's that baby doing there anyway?Is it safe for infants to fly?Doctor Sydney Spiesel is a pediatrician and a professor at Yale Medical School, as well as a contributor to slate. com. And when we spoke earlier, I asked him if a new study out on this topic had any answers.

What the study says is, if you have normal kids, yes, you know, when you're flying, the air pressure goes down in a plane. It's as if we were walking around the top of a mountain that's maybe 5,000 feet.

The amount of oxygen that's available for absorption is about three quarters because of the lower pressures. About three quarters of that - of the same amount as sea level. And young children we know don't do quite as well with lower oxygen levels as older. But, in fact, millions of kids fly, and they really fly quite well without problems.

And no problems for their ears?

turn 1 : In turn (2), the literal meaning of "if you have normal kids" suggests that the study is only applicable to children who are not abnormal or have any medical conditions. However, the actual meaning is that the study is applicable to healthy children who do not have any pre-existing medical conditions that may affect their ability to handle lower oxygen levels.

turn 1 :  The statement implies that it's easier to manage the situation if the children are in a familiar environment.

turn 1 : The implied meaning of this turn is that it is not possible to pass down acquired traits to offspring.

turn 1 :  In (3), the implied meaning is that some parents have chosen not to vaccinate their children, which may be contributing to the measles problem.

turn 1 : This turn is literal in meaning, as it is a straightforward question asking about the speaker's children.


And no problems for their ears?

turn 2 : Turn (3) is an example of a statement whose meaning is different from its literal meaning. The speaker is not actually asking about the ages of the women, but rather expressing surprise or concern about how young some of them were.

turn 2 :  The statement implies that it's easier to manage the situation if the children are in a familiar environment.

turn 2 : In turn (3), the literal meaning of "young children don't do quite as well with lower oxygen levels as older" suggests that younger children may struggle with the lower oxygen levels on a plane more than older children. However, the actual meaning is that younger children may not tolerate lower oxygen levels as well as older children or adults, but millions of children do fly safely without problems.

turn 2 : This turn is literal in meaning, as it is a straightforward question asking about the speaker's children.

turn 2 : to give them more flexibility in this context means they are allowed to do more things


Well, there was a plant in our area a few years back that was trying to make a point to the importance of their plant in the community, and they did a payroll in cash and stamped their name on all the money. And I wasn't trying to show how important my business is to the town, but I wanted people to recognize what was going on, and I decided the $2 bills was just as effective a way. So we passed out the money. I had to call a meeting, and I don't call many meeting so my employees sort of went into panic mode. I think their imaginations were running away, so they were definitely shocked when we had the meeting and they got their $2 bills, and they went to town shopping with a vengeance.

Well, yeah, I mean, I think most employees dread those meetings these days, that they're actually going to get laid off or fired. . .

Well, they. . .

Instead of getting money.

turn 0 : There was a factory in the area, not an actual plant that grows from the ground.

turn 0 : They are under control of the plant's internal system that is regulated by light and seasons.

turn 0 : The town has farms and preserves as part of its tradition.

turn 0 : The actual meaning implied here could be that whatever "it" refers to has a strong presence or quality of plant-like characteristics. It might not necessarily mean that "it" is literally made of plants or vegetables.

turn 0 : The corn planting season has been slow due to heavy rainfall.


There might be more by tomorrow.

OK. Yes. So do so many presidential campaigns suck up a lot of money and political talent from potential Senate races?

I think it's a good question. I think, on the one hand, yes. I mean, there are Senate races that need top-tier campaign managers, finance directors, field directors. Those folks who may be going to a presidential campaign because they see their opportunity are not taking jobs on Senate campaigns is definitely a problem. I think in terms of resources with the push to really cultivate these small dollar donors and use that to fund these campaigns, there's almost an endless supply of these folks. So I don't know that, from a money angle, they're sucking up resources. I think from a staff angle, it can be difficult. But you hope that on the flip side what you're getting are a lot more people who are engaged in working in politics than they might have been before.

Anne Caprara, formerly the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee, now the chief of staff to the new governor of Illinois, thanks very much for being with us.

turn 1 : "it takes almost nothing upfront" and "they can generate money basically out of thin air" - Literal meaning: The speaker is referring to the low cost and ease of starting a dropshipping business online. Actual meaning: These phrases are used figuratively to emphasize how easy it is to start a business without significant upfront costs or physical inventory.

turn 1 : to suck up in this context means that they use a lot of something, in this case its using a lot of money for campaigns

turn 1 : Everybody isn't struggling, but enough people are to make it notable that Person A is making money.

turn 1 : In (2), the speaker is saying that advertisers are desperate to reach young male viewers and are investing in esports to do so. The literal meaning is straightforward, but the implied meaning is that traditional forms of advertising are becoming less effective in reaching younger generations, which is why advertisers are turning to esports as a new platform to reach their target audience.

turn 1 : "whipped up some small-town votes" - This expression means that the nominee's vice presidential candidate was able to motivate and persuade people from rural areas to vote for their party. The literal meaning of "whipping up" is to mix or beat ingredients together quickly, so the phrase has a figurative meaning here.


You may have seen it. The photo has been everywhere on social media - a gunman, this week outside a federal courthouse in Dallas. It's one of those pictures that makes you wonder just how the photographer got it. The gunman appears to be only a few feet away from the camera, a military-style rifle in his hand. He's decked out in tactical gear, wearing a face mask with a hole for his eyes, and those eyes appear to be looking right into the camera.

Soon after the photo was taken, the gunman was shot dead by law enforcement. No one else was seriously injured. To hear the story of the photo, I spoke to the person who took it, Tom Fox of The Dallas Morning News. He told me about the moment he first heard the shooter.

There was about three quick shots. And at the time, it sounded like backfire.

Like of a car or something, you mean.

turn 0 : This statement from B implies that he was doubting how possible it was for the Photographer to have taken the shot while it appeared that he was so close to the Gunman.

turn 0 : The person took pictures of the other people at a rally in Chicago, they did not shoot them with a gun but with a camera.

turn 0 : Implies that the judge believes that the shooting was done out of self-defense, even though others may say differently.

turn 0 : B is asking A if he/she thought carefully before doing something.


Like of a car or something, you mean.

turn 3 : This phrase means that the endorsement is having an impact or causing reactions online. It is not referring to actual sound reverberation.

turn 3 : Implies that the speaker wants to know if the engine has been started and is running.

turn 3 :  "like backfire" as a way of clarifying the sound that they heard, rather than suggesting that the sound was actually similar to the backfiring of a car. It suggests that the speaker understood the previous speaker's description of the sound, and is confirming that they heard the same thing.

turn 3 : The speaker tried to protect themselves from danger.

turn 3 : The speaker is not actually hearing the sound of planes, but is describing a past experience.


Or probably not their wives, actually.

(Laughter) No, they were mistresses. They were wives. As as everybody explained to me, this was pre-AIDS. You know, the swinging '70s. Up to about '82, no one had kind of realized that promiscuity can bounce back and hit you in really deadly ways.

So, Roben, there's all this craziness and excess. But at the same time, of course, this cocaine trade brought a world of violence to Miami. And you talk about the murder rate in Dade County, which is doubling in just a couple of years.

You think about the combustibility in those wild cash profits. And on top of the fact, in 1980, Fidel Castro says that he's flushing his toilets on the United States. He unleashes 125,000 refugees - maybe 10,000 to 15,000 of those were criminals. Some of the most violent ones indeed had their weapons of choice tattooed on the inside of their lips. So Miami was really ill-prepared to handle that inundation. There were race riots going on. And amid all of this, you have the hot pursuit of cocaine, money and sex and speedboats. And lots of really deranged things, in 20/20 hindsight, happened in that midst.

turn 1 : Despite medical advancement, outdated and toxic drugs were used.

turn 1 : A had an inappropriate relationship with an older man at a young age.

turn 1 : In the 70s and early 80s, promiscuity was common and not well-understood as a health risk.

turn 1 : Sexual violence is a widespread problem in Alaska.

turn 1 : As a teenager, A was seeking connection and intimacy with others


As the biggest impact there?

From the tech sector in today's economy?

Yes.

Yeah, just job loss. It's been a major - I mean, specifically, you're looking at places that are - manufacturing is taking a hit. Companies are looking to do more with less. You are seeing just in recent news, other technology companies like HP and others are making some type of adjustments to - not only their work force but also to their strategies, in a good way though.

turn 1 : Sectors that grown when the economy is failing do better when the economy begins to improve.  The techology sector as a whole is trying hard to make money.

turn 1 : Tech companies may have negative impact on competition and consumer prices.

turn 1 : The tech sector has had a negative impact on the economy

turn 1 : An economic crisis can lead to better competitiveness.


As the biggest impact there?

Yes.

turn 3 : The economic situation is causing a significant decrease in hiring, sales, and investment.

turn 3 : Many people are losing their jobs and companies are going bankrupt.

turn 3 : Technology companies are restructuring and reducing their workforce

turn 3 : Dominance of a few large companies is discouraging people from starting their own businesses.

turn 3 : THERE IS A BIG CHANGE THE PEOPLE HAVE ALREADY LOST THEIR MONEY


Latin America and Mexico. South America, by contrast is being hit with a delay. When you go to Colombia or Peru, people are aware of the bad news of the global economy, but in the local economy they do not feel the - the impact with great strength yet.

Now, we're seeing reports, for example, that say that unemployment has hit every sector in Latin America, even the bodyguards in drug-torn countries like Colombia are losing their jobs. How big an issue is unemployment?

It will become an increasingly more important issue as time goes by. Latin America in contrast, say, with Asia, is less integrated into the production chain. So the falling in exports of Latin America are essentially the fall of commodity exports. And they are not very intense in employment.

However, as the tsunami of the global problems propagates through Latin America, unemployment will start picking up in other sectors eventually including in the non-tradable sectors like services and so forth. So, in countries like Mexico, surely, the impact is already being felt given its proximity to the U. S. In other countries, it's coming with some delay. But, unemployment and recession are the name of the situation for Latin America, not financial meltdown.

turn 1 : Implies that the United States' decision to end Temporary Protection Status does not make sense because of the positive impact Salvadorans have had in the US.

turn 1 : The situation in Argentina is very bad due to high inflation, strikes and protests, and the government's decision to sign a huge IMF bailout.

turn 1 : The weak jobs numbers highlight the dangers of more trade war.

turn 1 : The speaker explains that even though the general public has been well off, many people are starting to lose their jobs and companies are becoming bankrupt, leading to an increase in unemployment.

turn 1 : No one was hit, but the unemployment numbers have been a shock and have had a negative affect on latin america. No one fell, but numbers have gone down in exports.


For the last 40, 50 years, the education system has been translated into industry worker-producing system at high end, also, at low end, also. So - and that education system is becoming a reason to be tensed about the examinations themselves, the jobs, the admissions to the higher education classes, and every student was almost dying to get at the top positions. So all this was creating a lot of problem. So that's why we are not touching right now at graduation level; we are just touching about the bottom level - that is, starting from nursery classes to grade 8.

Minister Sisodia, who teaches a happiness class?

So there are 20,000 teachers that we have trained so far to take these classes, and they're taking these classes daily. This is 35-minute class, every day, first half of the morning. One class is for happiness class.

I have to ask, has any teacher said to you, if you want me to teach a happiness class, pay me more?That'll make me happy.

turn 0 : Most people don't have enough money to pay for school.

turn 0 : The education system is not working properly and is causing a lot of stress for students.

turn 0 : The students feel pressure to conform and not be different from their peers.

turn 0 : Their kids starting asking them repeatedly for math problems every night.

turn 0 : People want to work hard for things.


turn 2 : Mindfulness practices in class help teachers improve behavior

turn 2 : The teacher gets the class ready for school work by giving them a math problem to do.

turn 2 : A: "Spread laughter and learn at the same time" is an idiomatic expression that means "to entertain and educate at the same time." The literal meaning of "spread laughter" would be to physically spread laughter, which is not possible, and the literal meaning of "learn at the same time" would be to learn simultaneously with the act of spreading laughter, which may not be practical.

turn 2 : 20,000 teachers have been trained to teach a daily 35-minute happiness class.


Some folks get a little bit cranky about having to work on the holiday. It's a day that, you know, most of us spend with our family and friends. How do you feel about working on a day that most people get off?

Folks that work in NASA have a common bond of a real passion for the space program. So, we wouldn't be here if we didn't have that. And obviously, we'd like to be with our families, but if we can't be there, then the next best place to be is working on a space mission.

So, you know, we've been doing a space station for 10 years straight, and there's been someone here every year for every holiday. And beyond holidays even, you know, one of the crew members on board is having their wedding anniversary just yesterday, and tomorrow's one of the birthdays of one of the flight directors working the flight.

So, we all kind of take care and bond together and take care of each other. And we're having a Thanksgiving dinner here that management's all bringing in for the flight controllers that are working, and we try to shift people out so that, you know, there's three shifts so that people do get some time at home.

turn 0 : Turn 1: "spin" is used as a general term to describe rotational movement, whereas its literal meaning is to rotate rapidly and smoothly around a central axis.

turn 0 : cranky refers they're unwell or weak and not related to a shaft

turn 0 : you imply that something is the case

turn 0 : wind up means to suddenly be in a situation.

turn 0 : 1) is a statement about air conditioners and furnaces breaking down in extreme weather conditions.


turn 1 : Working on a space mission is a fulfilling experience

turn 1 : Mission accomplished doesn't necessarily mean that the mission was successful.

turn 1 : We appreciate the opportunities we get to perform

turn 1 : Being good at something is not enough for success.

turn 1 : Life is going to be a challenge due to reduced circumstances.


turn 2 : (3) Implies that the speaker used to have a difficult time during the holidays, as they had to worry about bills and expenses that come with the season.

turn 2 : The loop around the space station is a dangerous maneuver

turn 2 : This is a day where a something very important has happened or is happening.

turn 2 : People work on holidays and other special days on the space station

turn 2 : You may not actually want to be here.


turn 3 : Efforts are made to provide a sense of community and celebration among the workers

turn 3 : This is a day where a something very important has happened or is happening.

turn 3 : People who can manage to stay passionate and motivated to bring about change, despite the length of time it takes.

turn 3 : To bring recognition to several people in the field.

turn 3 : A is expressing that this is an important or significant day.


So I'm going to plunge straight into another topic. That's gas prices. They rose more than six cents in one day following news of the damage to the Gulf Coast. There is a lot of oil industry there. Tropical Storm Ike also damaged that area.

Now, there is a question of whether or not folks are getting unfairly gouged. One gas station is said to have charged five dollars for a gallon of regular, and there are some other places in the damaged areas that don't even have gas. So is this price gouging?And I'm not just talking about the people in the effected areas, but people across the country.

There is some price gouging, I think, when you get to five dollars. On the other hand, when you're talking about what's happening with production, the fact is that there are almost immediate shortages. Gas stations have the gas that they have under their stations to pump, that's all they have. They have to get deliveries of other gas and it's more scarce, it costs them more.

So if someone decides, in anticipation of price rises, to raise the price on the gas under their station, that's not fair but it's somewhat reasonable. But when they take it from a few cents to five dollars, if it was being posted as $3. 65, which was the national average, and then you get up to five dollars, that does seem to be a bit much.

turn 1 : GOVERNMENT HAS INCREASED GAS PRICE SO PROTESTER  BLAMING THE GOVERNMENT

turn 1 : Fueling hate does not mean to give it gas but to make more people hate each other.

turn 1 : People were evacuated to avoid the storm surge

turn 1 : (2): Implied meaning: Would the energy companies be opposed to this idea?

turn 1 : Gas stations may be charging unfair prices due to the damage caused by the storm.


turn 2 : GOVERNMENT HAS INCREASED GAS PRICE SO PROTESTER  BLAMING THE GOVERNMENT

turn 2 : Venezuela's situation is dire due to falling oil prices and governmental mismanagement.

turn 2 : The economy is doing very poorly, and consumers are struggling to pay their debts and bills.

turn 2 : Gas prices are rising because of immediate shortages caused by the storm.


turn 3 : The auto companies need to restructure their fixed costs due to the current economic situation, resulting in significant losses.

turn 3 : The Trump administration wants to keep fuel economy targets at 2020 levels.

turn 3 : The oil industry may be involved in bribery to get favorable treatment

turn 3 : GM is only trying to get money from Congress, not save the industry. (line 4)

turn 3 : Raising gas prices by a large margin is unfair and not reasonable.


Good to be here, Scott.

I tried. I tried, and she was insistent. She was in her first year at the great Georgia Tech studying aerospace engineering. She wants to be an astronaut. And she said, look, I've got to be fit. We have to do it. And I thought - past the age of 50, I just thought it was beyond me. I'd done it when I was young, but I didn't think I could anymore.

You are running six marathons in nine days, right?

turn 1 : Turn (2) has an actual meaning that is different from its literal meaning. The speaker is not discussing an attempt to physically move goalposts, but rather a rhetorical strategy of avoiding answering certain questions.

turn 1 : (2) The literal meaning of this turn is a simple question, but the implied meaning is that the speaker wants to know what actions can be taken to address the issue being discussed and is seeking guidance or suggestions.

turn 1 : The literal meaning of this turn is that the speaker is excluding the people currently present from the criticism they are about to make. However, the actual meaning is that the speaker is making a sarcastic remark and implying that the people present are also guilty of the behavior they are criticizing.

turn 1 :  "So why didn't you just tell your daughter Ronnie let's train for a chili cook-off instead?" - The literal meaning of this turn is a question about why the person didn't suggest training for a chili cook-off instead of something else. However, the actual meaning is sarcastic and implies that the person is doing something very difficult or challenging.

turn 1 :  (2) The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker is curious to know what kind of help the two people provided each other with during their lunch time.


Good to be here, Scott.

turn 3 : It is difficult to get near the finish line during a marathon day.

turn 3 :  (4) is an expression of surprise. The implied meaning is an expression of admiration.

turn 3 : "You are running six marathons in nine days, right?" - The literal meaning of this turn is a question about whether the person is running six marathons in nine days. However, the actual meaning is a statement of disbelief or amazement at the person's ability to do so.

turn 3 : "But generally, the average of the reputable polls has been showing Obama steadily in front since about mid-June and picking up some momentum in the last two or three weeks." - This turn has a literal meaning and is also used with its actual meaning.


That is the wildest story.

Ah, this is just wonderful drama, and the fact that now he lands on Broadway?Oh, come on. I mean, this is probably going to carry us through December. You know, just hope he doesn't get hurt, then all of a sudden it's. . .

(Singing) Da, da, da, da. . .

You know?

turn 1 : The story is emotional and difficult to hear.

turn 1 : The story is not wild but interesting or exciting.

turn 1 : The story is very different from stories people normally here

turn 1 : The story is a happy one that is also distracting and the people have been feeling sad so they need the story to make them happy again.

turn 1 : Short stories are an underdog and not taken seriously


But the important part for the corals is that these things are wonderful eating machines. They move slowly across the reef. They actually invert their stomach onto the corals and dissolve the coral tissue, you know, digesting it as they go. And they leave (technical difficulties) white behind them as they move forward.

So they're like little bulldozers.

Yeah, it's sort of like bulldozers. It's almost more like having a wave of people with flamethrowers going through the brush. You know, the coral physically is left behind, but it's all dead.

Do they have any natural enemies that might, you know, come out and eat them?

turn 0 : not literally served, as someone placing prepared food on a table for someone to eat, but working in a job or position

turn 0 : eating machines implies to eat too much and hardly get satisfied or filled

turn 0 : People want to work hard for things.

turn 0 : The taste of food is influenced by various factors such as the material, shape, color and weight of the utensils.

turn 0 : a lot of stuff means there is a massive amount


So they're like little bulldozers.

turn 1 : Bulldozer implies being tireless and can consume or finish anything set out

turn 1 : to carry something out means to do something

turn 1 : (2) implies that A has a very tiring day in the lab and wants to finish the work quickly and go home.

turn 1 : running implies a business and not to chase or purse like in a race


So they're like little bulldozers.

turn 1 : The writer means that they are flexible and can move easily.

turn 1 : Not arms that are funneled but weapons that are provided to them.

turn 1 : They are not literally bulldozers, but they move like them.

turn 1 : No one is getting tackled. The people are trying to solve the problem the wrong way.

turn 1 : The carrots and sticks refer to how you get a horse to move the way you want.


Now let's turn to West Africa. For more than a decade, Liberia has been struggling to recover from civil war. It has a female head of state now, and it also has big supporters in the U. S.  One of them is Bob Johnson, who founded and later sold Black Entertainment Television. Now he's building a four-star beachfront resort near Liberia's capital, Monrovia. Bob Johnson recently told me why he decided to invest millions of dollars in Liberia's economy.

It's part of a commitment I made to President Johnson Sirleaf and the people of Liberia, to help Liberia recover from some 13, 14 years of civil war. And it came about as a result of my participation, as well as President Sirleaf's participation in President Clinton's global initiative that he hosts every year in New York. And the charter is, do something, small or large, but do something. And so my something is to help Liberia.

What are we talking about in terms of the kind of money it takes to make this happen?

We are putting in approximately 12 to 13 million dollars in the construction of this hotel and the opening of the hotel, which is scheduled for March of '09. It'll be an 86-room hotel, as I said, situated on the beach, great facility for everybody from government officials and expats who want to go back and visit Liberia, as well as business people who are looking to do business in post-conflict Liberia.

So, do you expect to get a tourist crowd eventually?

turn 0 : Despite their past rivalry, Jim Jones may be needed to help smooth relations between Obama and Clinton

turn 0 : The civil war had good parts and bad parts. He lead the country and destroyed as much of it as possible.

turn 0 : "changes here will ripple through South Sudan" implies that what happened will have numerous effects on the country

turn 0 : Bob Johnson is supporting Liberia's recovery after civil war

turn 0 : Obama needs to balance his support from civil rights figures and moderate Democrats and Republicans


turn 1 : We are the reason that there is an economy. We've been buying things with our Visa cards without a care. When we stop doing that the economy is going to go down.

turn 1 : John McCain's economic message is weak and inconsistent.

turn 1 : Senator McCain needs to connect with ordinary people and their interests, especially on pocketbook issues like healthcare, energy, and taxes.

turn 1 : Bob Johnson is fulfilling his commitment to Liberia by investing in its economy

turn 1 : The world is desperate for the Treasury Department's moves to succeed in stabilizing the economy.


turn 1 : Mineral wealth in Congo has caused exploitation and conflict

turn 1 : A good relationship with President Sirleaf helped inspire the project

turn 1 : Bob Johnson invested in Liberia to help the country recover from civil war.

turn 1 : The civil war had good parts and bad parts. He lead the country and destroyed as much of it as possible.


turn 3 : Implies that Bill Clinton is both a valuable asset and a potential liability to the campaign.

turn 3 : The hotel is aimed at government officials, expats, and business people who want to do business in post-conflict Liberia.

turn 3 : They need the countries to realize this is the way things should be done in other countries.

turn 3 : THERE IS A BIG CHANGE THE PEOPLE HAVE ALREADY LOST THEIR MONEY

turn 3 : It's important to prioritize the country's future over personal gain.


I think Senator Clinton is prepared to carry forward into her service as secretary of state the change of heart that she underwent in the last several years regarding the war in Iraq. She was for it in the first place. She saw it as necessary in the wake of 9/11. She was, after all, the senator from New York, and she was, I think, in fairness, we can say, anticipating running for president at some future date against a Republican who would try to make her seem relatively a lightweight on national security.

She has seen it all in a different light, of course, and in running for president in 2008, while she did not ever say she had made a mistake, and she never really repudiated her vote for the war, she did make it clear that she had changed her mind about it. So, I think that she is in harmony with the general thinking of the other members of the national security and foreign policy team here, including, of course, the president-elect himself.

Although the president-elect did say that there would be disagreements when it came to how to approach his foreign policy objectives, he doesn't seem to be shying away from that. Where are some of those disagreements?

There could be disagreements with respect to how we deal with foreign leaders who are particularly of a mind to give the United States fits, let us say, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad of Iran, for example, other foreign leaders perhaps who might emerge in Pakistan or might emerge in other countries who are not in power there now, possibly also including Iraq.

turn 2 : Not shying away means he is not pretending those disagreements don't still exist.

turn 2 : There were some personal problems, and he is trying to understand the reason behind them without being too direct.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker's use of hesitant or noncommittal language may indicate a lack of confidence or a desire to avoid making a definitive statement.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker has some reservations or doubts about the situation being discussed.

turn 2 : his is an idiomatic expression that refers to a conversation or discussion, rather than a literal act of talking with someone.


It is. And there's actually - turns out, there's a lot of responsibility with that because there are spectators everywhere. There are cameras everywhere. There's high winds, of course. They have to watch out for that. And anybody who doesn't stop when the yellow jersey stops, they're - they get in big trouble. And anybody who pees when there is too much wind or when they're in a group stuck somewhere, there are repercussions for people who sort of break these secret pee rules.

What other anecdotes do you have from other sports?

Well, the way I like to put this is there are nearly 3 billion gallons of urine evacuated on earth every day. And my reporting discovered that it seems like most of it ends up on an NFL field somewhere. Really, at any given moment, on an NFL sideline, there are probably a handful of players relieving themselves. They're sort of hiding in plain sight, whether they're going behind a towel or just going into their football pants or going behind an equipment case. You know, there are maybe 10 different techniques that football players relieve themselves during NFL games.

And wait, did you actually say that some of them just pee their pants?

turn 0 : Getting the yellow jersey in the Tour de France is a great honor because it allows the wearer to control when the other riders stop for a bathroom break. Implicated meaning: The yellow jersey is a symbol of leadership in the Tour de France, and controlling when bathroom breaks happen is seen as a demonstration of power and control over the other riders.

turn 0 : "yellow jersey" - this refers to the leader of the Tour de France race and is not a literal yellow-colored shirt.

turn 0 : (4) - The speaker is suggesting that they should take the green shirt as a possible sign of suspicion, despite the fact that it was football season and the man was wearing a Green Bay Packers shirt.

turn 0 : The blue ASU uniform is not recognizable to the public and the Army is trying to change that by making it resemble the uniforms from World War II-era that people recognize from movies.


turn 2 :  "out of sight, out of mind" - This is a well-known idiom that means if you can't see something, you tend to forget about it, rather than a literal interpretation.

turn 2 : "hiding in plain sight" - this is a figurative expression meaning that someone is trying to remain inconspicuous while being in an obvious location.

turn 2 : The turn (3) "those people who are accidentally finding themselves in the situation of taking risky selfies" is an example of figurative language, as the phrase "accidentally finding themselves" implies a lack of agency or responsibility. In reality, individuals make a conscious decision to take risky selfies, and this phrase may be used to downplay their responsibility for their actions.

turn 2 : when something is front and center in this context it means its out in the open, or some type of problem everyone notices


As I don't have to tell you, because you helped negotiate the Paris Agreement, the United States pulled out more than a couple of years ago.

Well, actually, the United States can legally not pull out until November of next year. We, of course, certainly expect them to do so.

Be that as it may, what can be accomplished - how much does U. S.  withdrawal hurt?

Well, you know, the fact is that what you call a U. S.  withdrawal I call a national government withdrawal. I call it a White House withdrawal. It does not represent 100% of the U. S.  economy. Sixty percent of the U. S.  economy represented by many corporations, by many states and certainly by many financial institutions continue to decarbonize because they understand it is for their own good. It is for the strength of their economy and for commercial profitability in the case of corporations. The fact is that if the United States, as a central government, wants to leave the climate agreement and not continue the policies and the incentives for decarbonization, they're shooting themselves in the foot because other countries such as China, certainly, and perhaps even India are taking advantage of that vacuum and moving in.

turn 0 : The agreement will cause things to come to a halt with no further changes.

turn 0 : Congress and the president are not working at the moment.

turn 0 : The current situation is chaotic and not following the rules of the Constitution

turn 0 : The executive order signed by Trump may not be accomplishing anything new.

turn 0 : The United States stopped abiding by the terms of the agreement.


turn 3 : The US and China both want to establish their own spheres of influence in the region.

turn 3 : The United States is hurting themselves by their own actions. China and India are taking advantage of the Paris Agreement and the large amount of people that are working to save the planet from climate change.

turn 3 : President Trump has caused a negative impact on climate change policies

turn 3 : There are several issues that could lead to conflict between US and China in the short term

turn 3 : They need the countries to realize this is the way things should be done in other countries.


So I pretty immediately - because I was done with school - packed my things up. I quit the job that I had and moved back to Philadelphia and basically spent the last six months with her. It was, you know, it's an around-the-clock job. It's very draining. And at the end of the day, the only thing I had time to write were basically one paragraph or sometimes a sentence - reflections. And I just started collecting them in this folder. And I didn't tend to do anything with them, but they all started to fit together in this large story.

I want to have you read from one of those vignettes, Page 31.

(Reading) I've often thought that being a light-skinned black woman is like being a well-dressed person who is also homeless. You may be able to pass in mainstream society, appearing acceptable to others, even desired. But in reality, you have nowhere to rest, nowhere to feel safe. Even while you're out in public feeling, fine and free, inside, you cannot shake the feeling of rootlessness. Others may even envy you, but this masks the fact that at night, there is nowhere safe for you, no place to call your own.

Tell me a little bit about what that passage means to you. What were you trying to say?

turn 2 : (3) Turn A: The implied meaning is that being a black police officer in America can be difficult because of the historical and ongoing use of excessive force against people of color, which can make it hard to reconcile one's identity as a black person with one's role as a police officer

turn 2 :  (Reading) I've often thought that being a light-skinned black woman is like being a well-dressed person who is also homeless. Implied meaning: A is describing the feeling of rootlessness that comes with being a light-skinned black woman, despite appearing acceptable to others in mainstream society.

turn 2 : (1) Turn A: The implied meaning is that being an African-American police officer is particularly challenging because of the negative perceptions and biases that exist towards young black men, and that this can create tension and difficulties in relationships between police officers and the communities they serve.

turn 2 : black per person implies African American person  and not a black color human being

turn 2 : A person wants to identify as cool, American black instead of African-American despite not being from Africa.


Saudi Arabia's changing explanations over what really happened to Jamal Khashoggi culminated this week with Saudi prosecutors saying that Turkish evidence shows his killing was premeditated. How could this affect the relationship between the United States, Saudi Arabia and its crown prince, Mohammed bin Salman, or MBS as he's known?We're joined now by Robin Wright, a distinguished scholar at the Wilson Center and contributing writer for The New Yorker. Robin, thanks so much for being with us.

Great to be with you, Scott.

And let's begin with the crown prince. Is it possible he would lose power over the Khashoggi affair?

Well, there are four different options. One is that he stays in power, that the international furor eventually settles down, and he manages - kind of orchestrates his ability to stay on the throne. He is the de facto leader in Saudi Arabia because his father is aged and ailing. The second scenario is that he is replaced as crown prince, and there is precedent for that. Over the last three years, two other crown princes have been pushed aside in part to make room for him. There's a third option - that his powers are weakened, that the king appoints others in the royal family to assume some of the roles that MBS has managed to accumulate in his office over the last year and a half. And the fourth is that there's a kind of physical challenge as there was to King Faisal back in 1975.

turn 3 : The president will propose something new later today

turn 3 : (4) A: This is very standard stuff. (implied meaning: This type of disagreement between Iran and Saudi Arabia is not unusual or surprising.)

turn 3 : The Saudi foreign minister might not be actually standing next to the U.S. Secretary of State, but figurately.

turn 3 : There will be significant concerns in the region moving forward.

turn 3 : There are four possible scenarios for the crown prince's future in Saudi Arabia.


Yeah, you know, there was a lot of that. From our point of view, what we were looking to do was to serve and engage readers. And it was not our intention to look in the window of another bookstore that might be five miles away. And some of the press like to say we opened up in order to put these people out of business, which I thought was ridiculous. But we kind of ignored it and just moved on.

Jumping forward a few years, the digital book revolution changed things tremendously. And at one point, Barnes & Noble put a lot of energy into its own Nook e-reader. . .

Yes.

. . . Thinking it would really kind of be its salvation heading towards the future. But it didn't really work out that way. You know, could it be that the future of books really is going to be good old-fashioned print?

turn 1 : "digital book revolution" - this is a metaphorical expression that refers to the rapid shift towards digital formats in the publishing industry.

turn 1 : In turn (2), the speaker expresses their hope that The Root evolves into a platform where writers engage with each other and with communities outside the website, creating a vibrant marketplace for ideas. The literal meaning of the turn is straightforward. However, the implied meaning is that The Root aims to foster a diverse and inclusive online community where different perspectives are heard and debated. This suggests that the website has a broader mission than just providing a platform for writers to share their ideas.

turn 1 : In turn (3), the speaker implies that the same forces that are affecting newspapers are also affecting books, and that books may be perceived as archaic except as a form of entertainment.

turn 1 : Digital music sales are increasing, music labels need to adapt to the changing market.

turn 1 : "Well, about 20 years ago, we were thinking about doing a literary magazine because at the time there weren't too many journals out there for new writers. There weren't many literary journals at all during that time. And so we stumbled upon an idea that we had started with one of our friends from college where he had given me a first line to start a story." - This turn has a literal meaning and it explains how the idea of the literary magazine was born and how they came up with the concept of exchanging first lines to create stories.


Do not worry about that.

It's so hard to, like, finally put yourself in a place where you're ready to tell the world and then to feel like any justice that you would have gotten out of that has been robbed from you.

Do you think something can be done now?Is there something you want to see done now that would help you feel that justice has been done?

I don't know. People keep asking me that, and I keep going back and forth 'cause one minute, I'm like, no, there is no justice. My justice was - I needed him to hear what I had to say, and I'm never going to get that. But then there's part of me that's like, no, I'm going after this like a dragon, and I will find justice somehow.

turn 3 : something that was hinted at or suggested, but not directly stated.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using humor or sarcasm to make a point or convey a message in a lighthearted way.

turn 3 : "Going after this like a dragon" implies aggressiveness and powerful action.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: It's important to take a step back and reflect on our actions before making decisions.

turn 3 : (4) implies disbelief or shock at A's response in the previous turn.


Well, thanks so much for having me, Alex.

So, how do you and the retired general, James Jones, know each other?

My gosh, I think - I can't even remember when I first met him. It's been so long ago. I'm sure I met him when he was head of the legislative liaison over the Senate. But I really became acquainted with him when he became a brigadier general, and, of course, I followed his career. Of course, he served very ably as a commadant in the marine corps and then as the European commander, just been with him from time to time. And I just consider him a very good friend.

And what kind of a man is he?How would you describe him as a person?

A man of extreme integrity, high ability, good judgment, even temper, just admired him so through the years, and I just can't say enough good things about him. He is just an excellent choice, and he will give good advice to the president.

turn 2 : The author's portrayal of Johnny Appleseed's appearance highlights his eccentricity and unconventional ways, which contrast with his successful business dealings and religious beliefs.

turn 2 : B is playfully addressing A as A.J. Jacobs, a well-known journalist and author, likely as a joke or as a nod to A's profession.

turn 2 : A decided to be vulnerable and share about his severe depression in order to be authentic in his book and play.

turn 2 : The content of the book is humorous and not meant to be taken seriously.

turn 2 : A has a high opinion of James Jones' character and career.