Oh, thanks for having me on, Scott.

What made you decide to do this?

You know, Scott, we'd been trying to sort of open up the view of this place to the public pretty much from day one. But we had to get through some of these hurdles so that, in the event of bad things going on in jail, we're not going to hide from it. We're going to be transparent. And we'll attempt to work through firing, criminally charging, if - as necessary as well - but to let the public know that we're trying. We're not involved with some cover-up, or this isn't some big secret.

Bad things going on - I mean, to be plain about it, you mean mostly guards abusing inmates?

turn 3 : The literal meaning of turn (4) is that the interviewer is seeking clarification on what the interviewee means by "bad things going on." However, the actual meaning is that the interviewer is making an assumption that "bad things going on" primarily refers to guards abusing inmates, even though the interviewee did not explicitly state this.

turn 3 : (4) The literal meaning of turn (4) is that the reporter contacted the Department of Justice for comment, but the implied meaning is that the reporter wants to highlight the lack of response from the Department of Justice, which can suggest a lack of transparency or accountability.

turn 3 : Literally, turn (4) is a response to the question posed by the interviewer. However, the implied meaning is that the speaker is defending affirmative action programs and arguing against Ward Connerly's stance on the issue. The speaker is also accusing Mr. Connerly of being disingenuous and dishonest in his arguments against affirmative action.

turn 3 : The implied meaning of turn (4) is that the speaker is acknowledging what was said but may not have a specific response or further comment. It implies a lack of elaboration or engagement in the conversation.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker anticipates that the conversation with the boss will be negative or unpleasant based on the boss's tone.


Well, their explanation was largely that this is mostly normal. There were several years where they sort of deprioritized taking people out of this program and allowed families that they say were no longer eligible to stay in. And now they have restarted disenrolling people and expected a significant number of children to be cut from enrollment. I think there are still very large questions about how many of those families were removed because they are no longer eligible and how many were removed because they did not properly do paperwork.

What's your response to people who say, look, this is the responsibility of the parents - what's so difficult about filling out some forms?

Well, I have seen the packet, for one, and it's not easy. And two, even if tens of thousands of parents drop the ball, it's not the kids' fault. Is that really what we want, is a state where lots and lots of kids don't get health insurance, to which they are legally entitled, because their family didn't fill out paperwork or the state sent that paperwork to the wrong address or it got lost in the mail or any of many possible procedural errors that could have happened somewhere in this paperwork?

Your story came out earlier this week, and the governor has since acknowledged this reporting. What's been the fallout so far?

turn 2 : (3) - Well, I have seen the packet, for one, and it's not easy.And two, even if tens of thousands of parents drop the ball, it's not the kids' fault.Is that really what we want, is a state where lots and lots of kids don't get health insurance, to which they are legally entitled, because their family didn't fill out paperwork or the state sent that paperwork to the wrong address or it got lost in the mail or any of many possible procedural errors that could have happened somewhere in this paperwork? - Implied meaning: Is it fair to punish children for adults' mistakes and errors in paperwork?

turn 2 : The Affordable Care Act provides an incentive for young people to obtain health coverage, as those who do not enroll will incur a financial penalty.

turn 2 : Unrepresented children are at a disadvantage in court.

turn 2 : Suggesting that adults are often responsible for causing problems.


Governor, thank you so much for talking with us.

Oh, you bet.

And we are sorry for the loss. . .

Yeah.

. . . Of this important figure in your life and the lives of many other people. You've referred to Judge Keith as a mentor and even more than a mentor. Tell us a little bit, if you would, about how you came to clerk for him and why he meant so much to you.

turn 4 : (2) Implies that Governor Pence may have a valuable contribution to the ticket, and the speaker wants to know what it is.

turn 4 : (4) Implies that the qualities Governor Pence brings to the table are sensible, conventional and different from Donald Trump's.

turn 4 : It implies that the Governor was once a Clerk for Judge Keith who had probably stood by him before and during the reelection which he lost.

turn 4 : This implies that A's decision to decline his reelection has a personal reason and not all for political reason.


And in most car journeys, he'd be playing me music and reciting poetry. So it was really extraordinary being a daughter of such a man.

Rebecca, I mentioned earlier how I grew up in a very religious family. I don't go to church that much anymore. Actually, I don't go at all. So I'm wondering, for you, where is your faith now?Do you still have it?

No one's asked me that question (laughter). I would say that one of the things I expected from this book was that it would lay some ghosts for me, and I think it has. I still cannot open the Bible without hearing the sound of those men using scriptures almost like rapiers with each other. They knew the Bible inside out, so they would use one scripture to trump another. And it was all men locking horns, you know. So it's hard for me not to see the Bible full of words that have been used for warfare, if you like.

And yeah, I've been surprised at the effect on me of writing the book and also of the many, many people who have written to me, ex-Brethren - I would say 70 or 80 by now - beautiful letters from elderly people writing to me to say, the Brethren was a terrible thing. We all lived through it - and telling me their stories but saying, I came to find a kinder God and kinder Christians outside. And I've been really moved by how much people have wanted me to know about their kinder God.

turn 1 : This statement implies that there is a disagreement between A who is a religious person and the Activists who have different opinions about how faith works.

turn 1 : The turn that has an implied meaning different from its literal meaning is (2) when B asks, "Can you explain what part of Donald Trump's message is working with religious voters so that they would overlook maybe even some of their basic Christian beliefs to support him?" The literal meaning of the question is straightforward,

turn 1 : The implied meaning of the question is whether Rebecca still holds faith in her religious upbringing and if she has found a different source of faith.

turn 1 : Implies that religion is an important factor in the speaker's life, not just a literal question about religion.


turn 2 : This statement implies that there is a disagreement between A who is a religious person and the Activists who have different opinions about how faith works.

turn 2 : The implication of the statement is that the Bible has been used for power struggles and arguments between men.

turn 2 : You quote with approval the words of an Australian bishop who says quote, "we cannot talk about the integrity of creation, the universal and inclusive love of God, while at the same time colluding with the forces of oppression and the ill-treatment of racial minorities, women, and homosexual persons."

turn 2 :  (3) is not a meaningful statement, so its actual meaning is different from its literal meaning.

turn 2 : not a literal meaning but rather a rhetorical question.


turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is implying that her character's story line on the show mirrored her own life experience.

turn 3 : The implication of the statement is that Rebecca has been touched by the stories of how many of the ex-Brethren were able to find a kinder God and kinder Christians outside of the Brethren.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: Some people find it controversial to accept that God loves everyone equally.

turn 3 :  expressing appreciation for Father James Martin's efforts to promote understanding and dialogue between the Catholic Church and the LGBT community, as reflected in his book.

turn 3 : This turn does not have an implied meaning different from its literal meaning. It is a straightforward expression of gratitude towards Laura Sydell, the NPR correspondent.


Can anybody do this?And this being adopted and adapted by commercial industry?

Well, anybody with a little equipment could do it. The thing is, it's still not easy, and it's still really expensive because you can only make - right now they only know how to make really, really, really tiny amounts. But the big thing he was trying to show is you don't have to start with really expensive feed stocks, is the chemical term.

You can make this stuff from anything. So once people figure out their techniques a little bit better, the prospects for a huge drop in price are great. Now of course there are other problems with this stuff. There's not enough of it that people have figured a lot of the technical problems. Like if you make electronics from graphene, it has all these beautiful properties. But if you make them, you've got to connect them to wires.

And the connector problem, you know, just in a way it's a version of when you plug something into your computer, how do you connect it. How do you connect something to a sheet of carbon that's one atom thick so that it's reliable and does what you want it to?People are working on that. That's still a mystery.

turn 0 : when something is made clear in this context it means that it is explained so people understand

turn 0 : being adopted in this context means "is something being used?"

turn 0 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer

turn 0 : The implied meaning is that the person hopes for interaction and engagement between individuals interested in building their family tree or learning about family research, and that they will come across unexpected articles and ideas, leading to interesting discussions and experiences on the site.


Yeah, my mom was one of those moms that loved pretty much everything I did and encouraged me to do it and also just instilled in me a love for books and for reading. You know, she read to us all the time.

Yeah.

Yeah, just enjoying the ideas and the things that I did meant so much. And my dad was, you know, more critical, and I think maybe that balance was crucial, too. But I used to come home - Mom tells me I used to come home from kindergarten and I'd sit up on, you know, the kitchen counter and basically spend an hour telling her the story we heard, you know, from story time. And that's because she wanted to hear it, or at least, you know, gave me that impression. And I would - I just - I learned to tell stories and to, yeah, just enjoy that process of crafting a story for a person. And in that case, it was my mom. So yeah, I can't say enough about Mama.

It's funny because there's a cartoon that I've just turned to here that shows a couple of married couples chatting, and the wife in one of the couples says our son wants to be a comedian, so we're getting a nasty divorce.

turn 0 : "instilled in me a love for books" - this means that the speaker's mother taught and encouraged them to love books, not that the mother literally implanted something inside the speaker to make them love books.

turn 0 : The speaker is expressing appreciation for the theme of father-daughter relationships in the book and acknowledging that it has personal resonance for them.

turn 0 : It seems like a book that gives advice that helps people get with the one they love, in this case, what they love.

turn 0 : The literal meaning is that the speaker is expressing love and gratitude towards their mother. However, the implied meaning is that the speaker's mother had a difficult childhood and overcame it to become a great parent to the speaker.


Yeah.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using humor or sarcasm to make a point or convey a message in a lighthearted way.

turn 3 : "our son wants to be a comedian, so we're getting a nasty divorce" - this is a joke, and the literal meaning of the words is not what the speaker intends to communicate. The speaker is making light of the idea that having a comedian in the family might lead to conflict or tension, but the statement is not meant to be taken seriously.

turn 3 : The literal meaning of (3) and (4) is that A and B are laughing, but their actual meaning is that A and B are joking with each other.

turn 3 : A is trying to add some humor to the conversation

turn 3 : The speaker is asking about the tradition of political comedy in South Africa and whether there is a history of satirizing those in power. Implicated meaning: The speaker is curious about the role of comedy in South African politics and whether it has been used as a tool for dissent.


Yeah. It's a slam dunk. Yeah. I think that's kind of universal.

What's Krosno like?

Krosno is great. It's really small. It's about 50,000 people. It's kind of a young town, too - lots of high school students. But they get excited about basketball. So that's good.

I'm going to guess you're pretty well-known in town already.

turn 0 : Slam-dunked and dunked are basketball terms that aren't literal. Here, they mean making an effective attack on someone in the political arena.

turn 0 : 1).  In this context, "slam dunk" is not referring to a basketball move, but rather an expression meaning that something is certain or easy. The speaker is using it to convey their confidence in their statement.

turn 0 : soared in this context means to go up, or increase significantly.

turn 0 : "But well..." - This is an expression that doesn't have a literal meaning. It is an interjection that is often used to indicate hesitation, a change of subject, or a transition in conversation.


So they've also gone after defense contractors. So there - in that case, the motivation, of course, is military secrets and as well espionage, economic, you know, gains. And they've also targeted law firms, particularly law firms that are engaged in litigation in China or engaged in mergers and acquisitions so that they can obtain market information.

So there is an economic goal, here. There is a military goal. There is also what seems to be - there's a security goal and an image goal, public relations, if you will.

Yes. Like I said, it's multiple. They're going after - you know, it seems like this is an industry. And, you know, I'm hesitant to point a finger at China, because it's very easy to point the finger at China. And it's also very easy to make an attack appear to come from China when it's not coming from China. So, you know, and speaking in broad terms, you know, what we know of the attack, that they are coming from China, it appears that it is, you know, a very big industry there.

And we should note that Chinese deny it. I'm not sure that anybody holds any great belief in that.

turn 2 : There are several issues that could lead to conflict between US and China in the short term

turn 2 : There are some groups who see China as a threat, but not everyone agrees with this assessment.

turn 2 : This implies the growing economic war between Trump administration and China.

turn 2 : China.And it's also very easy to make an attack appear to come from China when it's not coming from China.So, you know, and speaking in broad terms, you know, what we know of the attack, that they are coming from China, it appears that it is, you know, a very big industry there.

turn 2 : It implies that there is a lot of political maneuvering happening behind the scenes in China which an average Chinese person have no knowledge about.


Some of our questions are very basic. Were you a slaveholder?Did your money come from the labor of enslaved people?Many of the questions we're asking at our university are the same as the questions that people are asking at other universities. But I think we have one very special part of our story. That is that Princeton really was a very Southern school.

And it turns out that between 1790 and the outbreak of the Civil War, about 40 percent of our students came from the South. That's extraordinary. And there were some consequences of this very Southern orientation of our student body. There were some horrific acts of violence in our community in the 1830s and '40s as Southern boys raised in slaveholding families came to this town in New Jersey and encountered a free black community for the first time in their lives.

These Southern students were important to our school. Their tuition money was important. Keeping their parents happy was important. So the ethos on our campus was, let's just not talk about this stuff. Let's keep the peace.

Obviously, we are having a debate in this country right now about the legacy of the Civil War. And as a historian, I'd like your thoughts on how you resolve the tension between remembering and honoring.

turn 0 : (3) "Do you don't - you don't spare African slave traders from villany, do you?" - This turn means: Do you not show mercy or kindness to African slave traders in your novel?

turn 0 :  (2) is implying that the money made in human trafficking is much greater than the money made in drug trafficking due to the low cost and lack of risk involved.

turn 0 : "Did your money come from the labor of enslaved people?" - This question is not just asking whether the person's money literally came from the labor of enslaved people, but it implies a broader inquiry into whether they have benefited from and perpetuated systems of oppression and exploitation.

turn 0 : Indentured servants were not actually free and were treated similarly to slaves.


turn 3 : to pay tribute means to do something respectfully to someone else

turn 3 : A is expressing that this is an important or significant day.

turn 3 : "remembering and honoring" - While these two terms are often used synonymously or interchangeably, in this context they represent distinct and potentially conflicting objectives. Remembering implies a willingness to confront the past and acknowledge its complexities and injustices, while honoring suggests a desire to celebrate and venerate a particular heritage or tradition without necessarily engaging with its darker aspects.

turn 3 : This is a day where a something very important has happened or is happening.

turn 3 : expression of gratitude, as the speaker is thanking Alice Fordham for her report. Both turns have a figurative meaning that is different from their literal meanings.


People see both sides. From one side, we see everything changed after Trump came to office and withdraw from the nuclear deal. In another side, we see mismanagement and corruption inside the government. So Iranians see both sides. But the much bigger side is this thing that we - they see from Trump's administration. They see, every day, sanctions. People see that the White House always says, we have nothing to do with Iranians.

But we think that maybe the most important part of the sanctions is its impact on Iranians. Maybe authorities, officials haven't been affected that much. They're rich. They're wealthy. They have no problems with inflation or with all the problems. But the Iranian ordinary people who have a limited income - it is very hard for them. They see the impact of the sanctions directly on them.

What's the overall mood in Tehran as all this plays out?

Hopelessness and uncertainty.

turn 0 : Right implies being correct or true and not the opposite of left

turn 0 : to move in direction in this context means to change something

turn 0 : To the right means politically right wing, not that they are actually sitting on the right

turn 0 : sides refers and implies perspectives not direction


Yeah. I mean, Jodi came to me very strongly. Before I even realized that I was writing a book, I was hanging out with Jodi. And she kind of took up residence in my mind. And I became a little infatuated with her. I started thinking about her all the time. And then the plot and the rest of the story sort of fell into place. I really, actually, kind of felt like I was getting to know her. And so it was a process of realizing what she had been through.

Well, Jodi - without giving too much away - gets out of prison. She meets an interesting woman, Miranda, who has three children, a failing marriage to a has-been country singer and an addiction. What draws them to each other?

She's just gotten out of prison. And she knows, in many ways, that taking up with Miranda is a bad decision. I mean, she kind of looks at her the first night that they're hanging out and tells herself, don't do this. But at the same time, she's drawn to her. I mean, she's physically attracted to her.

But she's also, I think, attracted to the fact that Miranda is bound and determined to enjoy life despite everything that's going wrong. So it's this sort of love of life and determination to make something joyful out of life.

turn 0 : It means the poems that the author has read, not the author herself.

turn 0 : The story was told to people and many became aware of it.

turn 0 : A is expressing a desire for love and acceptance, despite making mistakes.

turn 0 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer

turn 0 : A implies that what Jodi had been through inspired his write up.


turn 2 : gained the friendship implies making connection and meeting new people

turn 2 : A women should not associate with a women expect as a friend

turn 2 : Implying she is underestimated because she is a woman.

turn 2 : The only thing that women wants is money and status in society.


The military also can benefit tremendously from this because if trade were to open with India - the military is a major producer of cement. They own a lot of state-owned enterprises, which they run for the benefit of ex-servicemen for the veterans. And they would be a major exporter of cement to India. Moreover, if there was transit trade between India through Pakistan and Afghanistan to Central Asia, the military is the largest transporter in the country.

So there are opportunities that need to be spelled out. But more important, I think, this is an opportunity for the Pakistani prime minister to have a national debate about this issue so that he can bring everybody on board.

What has the change been in the past few weeks, even, that gives you some optimism?

Well, it's not just the past few weeks. I think this is a change that has been occurring in the last decade or so. It's not perfect, and both leaders in India, and Pakistan will face enormous opposition from entrenched interests, apart from having a sclerotic bureaucracy that won't want to give up power and controls and business interests that may have helped them win their elections that want to retain their preferred access to state resources. It's not going to be easy, but I see strong possibility and I see a convergence of the need for economic development and growth, which will benefit people in general.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker is indirectly suggesting that they have personal experience or knowledge related to the topic being discussed, and are subtly trying to convey their expertise without appearing arrogant.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker is aware that there may be differing opinions on the topic being discussed and is acknowledging the possibility of disagreement.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be indirectly suggesting that they have insider knowledge or expertise on a particular topic, and that their opinion or perspective should be given special consideration.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker's tone or choice of words may suggest that they have reservations or doubts about a particular topic or decision.


turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker is indicating that they do not wish to continue arguing or debating a particular topic or issue, but would rather end the conversation and move on. The tone and context of the situation may affect the implied meaning, as the speaker could also be indicating a desire to maintain a respectful or friendly relationship with the listener, or they may be suggesting that the topic is not worth further discussion or disagreement. Additionally, the speaker may or may not be open to revisiting the topic at a later time or in a different context.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker is making a subtle suggestion or insinuation that others may pick up on, but without being too direct or forceful.

turn 2 : Although the literal meaning of this turn is simply an acknowledgement or agreement, the implied meaning behind it is that the speaker may not be fully engaged or interested in the conversation. It could be interpreted as a way of signaling disinterest or a desire to move on to a different topic.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be subtly implying that they are not interested in continuing a conversation or that they would prefer to end the discussion.


We got a few letters about the interview you did with Rick Warren this week. Celine Welch(ph) in Fort Worth, Texas, wrote into say she was a fan of the show, but not of the interview you did with the influential pastor.

Celine wrote, you began by asking him about rumors that McCain may have heard the first part of the show. Regardless of what he said, there was no way for Warren to know what was happening with McCain while Warren was on stage. What you should have asked was, why did you tell the audience at the beginning of the forum that McCain was in a cone of silence when in fact he was in a motorcade on the way to the church. That's something Warren needs to account for.

Then Thomas Tenhave(ph) in Philidelphia, Pennsylvania, had a different take on the interview. But he still thought we missed some topics. Farai Chideya did an excellent job interviewing Rick Warren, however, as with most of the media, it rarely hones in on misstatements. Ms.  Chideya failed to ask Mr.  Warren why social justice concerns were such a low priority, that they weren't raised because he ran out of time. Really?Once again, social justice takes a back seat to abortion, foreign affairs, and gay marriage. So much for Mr.  Warren's attempts to separate himself from the Christian right.

This month we're doing a series on addiction. Listener Anise Rice(ph) wrote in to say. . .

turn 1 : The interviewer should have asked about the misleading information provided by Mr. Warren about McCain's whereabouts.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: Please provide us with information about Don McGahn, as he was the campaign's lawyer, correct?

turn 1 : (2) Implied meaning: Has George Papadopoulos been secretly recording conversations with others in the Trump administration?

turn 1 : A's turn: The actual meaning is that John McCain's position on enhanced interrogation techniques is inconsistent with what he has been saying on the campaign trail, and he seems to be trying to reconcile this inconsistency. The words used may imply that John McCain is being deceptive or inconsistent.

turn 1 : Asking why the candidate is outstanding, not just inquiring about the story


But it's a risk. Well, if you can't buy political advertising, what do you spend the money on?

Well, you spend the money, for example - and it's strange, because they call - his opponents call President Sarkozy l'Americain, the American. And they're not saying it with a smile on their lips. There's sort of a sneer on their lips. They're not any crazier about Americans than, for example, the Republican candidates in this country are about French socialists. But the irony is that it is the socialists.

And Hollande's campaign is ran by three absolutely charming young men who met at MIT and Harvard, three Frenchmen, in their late 20s, early 30s, and they are the ones running the campaign. And they have decided that they are going to replicate the Obama campaign of 2008 in France this year. And that's what they're doing. And they're going door to door. And they're using computerized systems. And they're using Internet radio. They're using all the same tactics that the Obama candidacy employed four years ago.

In the meantime, there is still power of incumbency. A lot of people thought the terrible situation in the south of France. . .

turn 1 : "Being crazy about" something here implies a fondness for something, it isn't related to any mental illness.

turn 1 : (3) - The actual meaning is that the speaker disagrees with the verdict of not guilty by reason of insanity and thinks that the legal definition of insanity is too narrow. This turn implies that the speaker believes that the legal system should hold people who commit crimes like Hinckley's to a higher standard of responsibility, even if they are mentally ill.

turn 1 : The literal meaning of this turn is that someone is suffering from schizophrenic paranoia and another person believes they should be put in jail instead of a hospital. However, the implied meaning is that the speaker is discussing the mental state of someone else and their legal situation, which may be relevant to the conversation but is not explicitly stated.

turn 1 : trying to place myself in his mind implies a persons way of thinking and/or their point of view


Yeah. To learn street - Glasgow street language.

They must have - well, a few particular words must have stuck to their vocabulary.

They spring to mind immediately, don't they?

Our guest is Billy Connolly. You're listening to TALK OF THE NATION, from NPR News. And there is a lot of material, it would seem to me, that would go over better in Scotland than it would here. How do you have to change to adapt to audiences?

turn 0 : The speaker is using Scottish slang to describe animals.

turn 0 : Learning Glasgow street language involves learning specific words.

turn 0 : Speech has enabled us to communicate more effectively and creatively, enabling us to come up with solutions and strategies to deal with situations.

turn 0 :  "And he started that program to get young boys like me off the street and try to put them in places where they could learn a trade." - The phrase "off the street" does not refer to a literal street, but rather means to get young people away from a life of idleness and potential trouble.


turn 2 : Being exposed to different cultures is an advantage.

turn 2 : Not really, no. Because the points of view changes, you know? I think the one - well, I could talk about Oprah. Oprah is worldwide. Yes. (This turn has an implied meaning that Trevor Noah's comedy material doesn't translate well across different cultural settings due to differences in perspectives. The mention of Oprah as a worldwide figure is a way of acknowledging that there are some cultural references that are universally understood)

turn 2 : Adapting to different audiences requires changing language and material used.

turn 2 : This implies that the book has potential benefits over time, but it may not have widespread appeal and may only appeal to a small or specific audience.

turn 2 : A's ability to adapt to different cultures may have influenced their comedic talent


And the president called federal efforts to assist Puerto Rico during Hurricane Maria an unsung success. But, of course, as we know, 3,000 people died. And then, the president said that his critics had just cooked up that number. And that - we have to say it - that's just not true.

That's right. Now a lot of those deaths did not take place directly during the storm. Rather, they took place indirectly during the painfully slow recovery. Remember, it was only last month that electricity was finally restored throughout the island. So if this is a success, Trump is in a very lonely chorus singing about it.

In Florida, some of the president's fellow Republicans tried to distance themselves from Trump's comments. Candidates like Rick Scott and Ron DeSantis - they know that downplaying the scale of that disaster is not the way to make friends in Florida. A lot of Puerto Rican transplants have relocated to that state, and many of them will be voting in November.

And turning to the political news of the week, which is important. The president's former campaign chairman Paul Manafort pleaded guilty yesterday to felony conspiracy charges and agreed to cooperate with Robert Mueller's investigation. Do sources in the White House believe Paul Manafort has a lot to dish about on Donald Trump and/or the Trump campaign?

turn 0 : The president may not have been as sympathetic to Puerto Rico's situation as he was to Texas and Florida.

turn 0 : The president was showing a lack of seriousness for the Puerto Rican crisis.

turn 0 : The President's remarks suggested that he was not taking Puerto Rico's plight as seriously as he did other disaster areas.

turn 0 : The president's claim of success in assisting Puerto Rico during Hurricane Maria is false.

turn 0 : The speaker is implying that the people of Puerto Rico feel forgotten and neglected by the Trump administration.


Huge.

Bringing peace there. Is there - there are some similarities I would imagine with Rwanda.

You know, I haven't heard the organized ones like we did see there. But always I think, they've been the backbone of the country but always in the background, not even allowed to own property. And now with these new rights given to them, we're seeing some real, real progress.

So, Carl, for you, in a sense you could say that Rwanda was ground zero, but now you have expanded beyond there to continue your works around the world. Tell us briefly about that.

turn 2 : The goal of the provocative activity is to create division and unrest between opposing groups

turn 2 : the group of people they are referring to have been pivotal to the success of the country

turn 2 : People are starting to follow suit in regards to the actions of others.

turn 2 : The regime has been causing damage to the country and harming innocent people.

turn 2 : They are trying to ask what happen in Europe


Basically, this conflict, it stems from a power struggle between two very big people in South Sudan, the president, Salva Kiir, and his former vice president, Riek Machar. You have two guys who couldn't be more different. Kiir's this former commander from the independence struggle, a man of few words, in his ubiquitous black cowboy hat. And Machar is a smooth-talking, British-educated guy with a green philosophy who happens to be a huge fan of Karl Rove.

Now, besides being different personalities, these guys are also different tribes. And the tribal aspect of this conflict is what's triggered the most horrific aspects of this war. That's the violence that the pre-genocide label gets attached to.

The United States has a lot at stake in South Sudan. It helped create the nation, first under President Bush and then President Obama in 2011. What's Secretary of State Kerry proposing?

Well, Secretary Kerry has been talking about this idea of a transitional government. It's kind of - if you remember, back in January they tried a ceasefire that was disrespected by both sides because it told people to stop fighting. It didn't address why they were fighting, which was to control the government.

turn 1 : The literal meaning of the turn is asking why they want to cause violence, but the implied meaning is asking why they find violence appealing or attractive.

turn 1 : The literal meaning: The speaker mentions that they discuss this as a significant starting point or origin for the book. The implied meaning: The speaker suggests that this event plays a crucial role in shaping the themes or direction of the book.

turn 1 : The literal meaning of this turn is that the tribal aspect of this conflict has triggered the most horrific aspects of this war. The implied meaning is that the tribal divisions are at the root of the war and are responsible for the extreme violence.

turn 1 : The literal meaning of turn (1) is a request for information about the options available to the United States at present. The implied meaning, however, is that the speaker is concerned about the situation in Syria and is looking for possible courses of action that the United States could take to address the root cause of the humanitarian crisis there. The speaker believes that the Assad regime's practice of shelling populated areas not under its control is the main driver behind the crisis and that this should be the focus of the United States' response.

turn 1 : (3) is different from its literal meaning. While the speaker is describing the vulnerability of women and children in a humanitarian crisis, the implied meaning is that despite the significant amount of funding provided in 2017, the situation has worsened in 2018 and there is still a critical need for aid.


turn 3 : (2) The implication of this turn is that Kerry is trying to get the two sides to agree to a transition government that will not include either of them, despite their protests and desires.

turn 3 : Implies that the speaker would like to see further reforms beyond what is suggested by Speaker Ryan.

turn 3 : Plan A" - The literal meaning of Plan A is the primary plan or strategy for achieving a particular goal. However, in this context, it implies the shared strategy of both campaigns to win the first four states and avoid personnel shortages, indicating the high stakes of the early primary elections.

turn 3 : The literal meaning of this turn is that Secretary Kerry has been talking about the idea of a transitional government. The implied meaning is that Kerry is proposing a new government as a way to address the root of the conflict and end the fighting.


I think so. I mean, I think that these experiences, again, they tend to get spectacularized, you know, and day to day things like, you know, at other universities, it might not have had these types of you, know, well-known explosive incidents. Maybe like a University of Cape Town or University of Witwatersrand.

Still, you know, it's well known on those campuses that once the dorms of the residences are for blacks, once they integrated, white students moved out. They didn't perform those same sort of stunts, but they still, you know, walked out, in protest, that they didn't want to live, you know, side by side, with blacks.

So I think that, you know, when these incidents happen, you know, they kind of shed a light on something that's kind of insidious in a lot of different universities. And again, the message that gets sent is that we're not going backwards on this, you know, that we know it's going to take time. You know, we know that it's not going to happen overnight, but universities will be integrated spaces. This country will be an integrated country, where, again, black and whites have to live side by side with mutual respect.

Zine, thank you.

turn 1 : The speaker faces racial discrimination and stereotypes from both white and black people.

turn 1 : This implies the level of Racial discrimination on Campuses.

turn 1 : This implies that there is a racial component to the exploitation of student-athletes.

turn 1 : The speaker is expressing concern that the justice system might be unfairly biased against certain individuals based on their race and access to resources.

turn 1 : White progressives cause harm to people of color despite their belief that they are not racist.


Well, it was a a very powerful scene. Francis stood with his head bowed in prayer next to the Armenian apostolate patriarch and a group of black hooded Orthodox bishops while musicians performed a mournful melody on an ancient Armenian flute that's called the duduk. Here's what it sounds like.

The memorial itself is very impressive - 12 tall, slanted slabs of rock that suggest figures in mourning in a circle around an eternal flame. Francis prayed, and then he wrote in the memorial guest book, here I pray with pain in my heart so that never again will there be tragedies like this. He went on - may God protect the memory of the Armenian people. Memory should never be watered down or forgotten. Memory is the source of peace and the future. And I've heard a lot of Armenians who are mostly Orthodox express admiration and thanks that the leader of the Catholic Church acknowledges their history and loyalty to the Christian faith.

Before the pope landed in Yerevan, I gather he met with reporters on the plane. And he was asked about the subject of the past couple of days - Britain's exit from the European Union. What did he say?

Well, he looked very pensive, and he said this was the will of the people. He added this requires a great responsibility on the part of all of us to guarantee the good of the people of the United Kingdom and also the good and coexistence of the entire European continent.

turn 1 : Studying history helps to make better decisions in the present.

turn 1 : Memory should never be watered down or forgotten.Memory is the source of peace and the future. - This implies that it is important to remember the past in order to build a peaceful future.

turn 1 : The speaker is worried that the lessons of the Holocaust might be forgotten or ignored

turn 1 : Memories of the past can be bittersweet and chasing them can be a futile effort.


turn 3 : EU citizens living in Great Britain and British citizens living in the EU have undefined rights

turn 3 : They need the countries to realize this is the way things should be done in other countries.

turn 3 : Europe wants to assert its independence from the US while risking consequences

turn 3 : This statement implies that while the British parliament are having approving a decision, the European parliament are good to go with the approval.

turn 3 : He added this requires a great responsibility on the part of all of us to guarantee the good of the people of the United Kingdom and also the good and coexistence of the entire European continent. - This implies that all of us have a responsibility to ensure a positive outcome for both the UK and the EU.


And, of course, we have humanitarian assistance programs on the ground providing lifesaving assistance to the thousands of people who are escaping, going into safety. The worry is, first of all, within Idlib itself, it's a governorate with 3 million people living. This is the area where many people had fled from throughout the country. So there's a displacement that is happening on the doorstep of Turkey with 3 million people inside. And it has, also, all the elements to create further regional destabilization should this escalation continue.

What we are calling for is a cessation of hostilities. There must be a peaceful way forward, a way which - a solution that does not involve residential areas being bombed, a solution that is not military and that - a solution that ensures the protection of the children, the women, the families, the civilians who are living in this area.

And there have also been strikes from the rebel side.

There have been strikes on both sides. There have been, also, victims on both sides. There's been civilians that then also have circulated from government areas, which have also been affected. And it's equally unacceptable to civilians on both sides to find themselves the victim of this conflict.

I gather the U. N.  has tried to protect civilians from attack by sharing information about the whereabouts of schools and hospitals with the government so they will know to steer clear. Has that not been successful?

turn 0 : It changes the way you think about the situation. Russia wants to capitalize on everyone's problems in the region.

turn 0 : The situation is more dire than what is being reported, as the resources available are not able to meet the needs of the refugees.

turn 0 : The displacement is happening on the border of Turkey.

turn 0 : The Middle East conflicts have a spillover effect on Europe.

turn 0 : just around the corner implies it is happening soon.


I don't think they picked Deming necessarily. You know, we just happen to be a big border patrol station as well as our neighboring county. They're dropping off here as well - the Hidalgo County drops here as well.

How are these people - the asylum-seekers being housed in an airport hangar - how are they handling things?

You'd be surprised. I think they're - you know, they're a little - you know, I guess they're a little worried when they first show up. But then, I think, it's actually better than most places they've been, and that's what they tell us. So they have more room and more freedom than most places they've been, so they're actually really happy.

And how is the community of Deming handling this influx of new people?

turn 0 : The decision was not something that was given up by one side.

turn 0 : She was not abruptly forced to return with no reason given.

turn 0 : They are not taking her size but are judging her competence.

turn 0 : They found out the information in an indirect way from people not involved.

turn 0 : 'They didn't specifically choose Deming' implies that Deming was not chosen deliberately.


turn 0 : The reason for choosing Deming is not necessarily related to its location or qualities.

turn 0 : "You can almost pick it up and put it in any city around the world and it would become synonymous with that city." - This turn means that tall buildings are often designed in a similar way regardless of their location, and therefore lack a unique connection to the specific environment or culture of a place.

turn 0 : It is better to be transparent about the negative aspects.

turn 0 : Popularity is important for the outdoor world, but it can have negative effects on natural areas.

turn 0 : All they have is the way of life that takes place outside of buildings.


turn 2 : 'Asylum-seekers are actually really happy' implies that the asylum-seekers are being treated well.

turn 2 :  The asylum-seekers have a legal status, which means the speaker is not responsible for them.

turn 2 : The speaker acknowledges some people don't support the asylum seekers, but they believe that most of them don't understand the situation well.

turn 2 : that the asylum seekers may be facing problems in their attempt to get to Canada, due to their association with Snowden.

turn 2 : The people involved in the rescue are risking their lives to help refugees based on their faith and compassion.


I'm Farai Chideya, and this is News & Notes. It seems that wherever the Olympics go, politics follow. And the 1960 summer Olympics in Rome brought all sorts of culture clashes to the fore. Journalist David Maraniss has written the book "Rome 1960: The Olympics That Changed the World. "David, welcome.

Thanks Farai. Great to be with you.

So this was the first nationally televised Olympics. And several African countries were fighting for independence, but no black African had won a gold medal thus far in the Olympics. That was about to change dramatically. So tell us about who changed that.

Who changed that was Abebe Bikila, a marathoner from Ethiopia. You're right, there had been no black African gold medalists before him. The summer of 1960 was a summer of enormous transformation in Africa. Fourteen nations got their independence that summer, throwing off the yoke of colonialism. And Abebe Bikila from Ethiopia sort of is the first of the great African runners.

turn 3 : Abebe Bikila is the first of the great African runners

turn 3 : Emira Woods will give an update on Africa.

turn 3 : The African National Congress is experiencing internal division and pressure after the ousting of President Mbeki.

turn 3 : It is difficult to get near the finish line during a marathon day.


Remember, David, the lead FBI agent assigned to this probe started a new job in Virginia this month. And other lawyers have been moving off the team, too. But Andrew Weissmann was, in some ways, aside from Robert Mueller, the most well-known. He's been attacked by conservative talk radio hosts. And he was called a killer by Steve Bannon, one of Trump's former advisers, who also called him the LeBron James of money laundering investigations.

The thinking being that, I mean, once the important work is done, you're going to let your investigators move on, even if you're putting the finishing touches on the report or whatever is happening.

That's exactly right. And we're seeing more high-level departures by the day.

So the prosecutor you're talking about, Andrew Weissmann, I mean, really played a central role in the case against Paul Manafort. And we're seeing a lot of news in that case over the past 24 hours with the sentencing. What exactly is happening?

turn 1 : None of the turns in this statement have a figurative or non-literal meaning. The speaker is describing a specific case they worked on and their role in collecting and analyzing physical evidence related to the crime.

turn 1 : The turn that has an implied meaning different from its literal meaning is (3). In this turn, the speaker is discussing how the names of crime scene investigators have evolved over time, and how many departments have now adopted the name "CSI." However, the implied meaning is that popular culture, specifically the TV show CSI, has had an influence on the naming conventions of law enforcement agencies.

turn 1 : The actual meaning is that investigators are typically moved off a case once their important work is done, even if there are still finishing touches to be made. This is different from the literal meaning which is simply a statement about the movement of investigators.

turn 1 : The turn that has an actual meaning different from its literal meaning is (2). The speaker is not talking about physically diving into something, but rather delving into the topic of a new class of online retailer that uses Shopify and AliExpress. The implied meaning is that the speaker has started researching and investigating this topic in depth


So I'm just going to put myself out. Ask me a question.

OK, I'll be nice.

"Everybody Hates Chris" star Terry Crews was drafted by what NFL team?So you have four options. Let me give those to you, the Redskins, the Eagles, the Chargers, or the Rams.

Oh, man. I am laughing here because I am so sports illiterate. I have no clue. I cannot even guess. But I will say that I was on the dance floor with Terry Crews last night at one of the BET parties, and he knows how to move and so does his wife. But I'm completely - I'll say the Redskins, I don't know.

turn 2 : B is asking A if he/she thought carefully before doing something.

turn 2 : B is asking for more information about the suspects

turn 2 : B doesn't know the answer to the question and is making a random guess

turn 2 : A is not fully agreeing with B's statement


There was an early and well-organized campaign of civil disobedience on the streetcars by forcing their way nonviolently onto streetcars and hanging onto their seats until conductors or police officers bodily threw them off.

You know, we like to say he's one of the few historic figures who has been likened to both Martin Luther King and George Steinbrenner. He was part of a generation of young men and women of color who had been raised by parents who had been denied the right to a schoolhouse. And yet, by the time Octavius Catto was 12 or 14 or 15 years old, he'd gotten a terrific education because his father was going to get that for his kid by hook or crook. And so along comes Catto and other men and women like him, by civil war time, came to adulthood believing that they could change the world.

And I have to ask about the baseball team.

turn 1 : "catnip" - figurative language meaning something that is appealing or attractive to a particular group

turn 1 : Implicated meaning: The speaker is expressing a desire to create a character in their book who is strong and believable, rather than simply creating a character who is physically strong. The implied meaning is that the speaker values depth and authenticity in their character portrayal, rather than creating a one-dimensional, superficial character.

turn 1 : Octavius Catto must have been an extraordinarily compelling personality.  Implicated meaning: The statement suggests that Octavius Catto possessed exceptional charisma or persuasive qualities that made him stand out. It implies that his personality had a significant impact on others and likely garnered attention and admiration.

turn 1 : what drove him in this context means what inspired or motivated him


And I guess the hope of getting to Europe has been extinguished for these people.

The European Union member states have effectively criminalized search and rescue operations on the Mediterranean Sea. And we think that this is a mistake, particularly in the light of how things have changed over last three months. The fact that the Libyan coast guard is taking people back into what is now an active war zone is simply unacceptable.

Elinor Raikes, the Europe and North Africa regional director for the International Rescue Committee, thanks so much.

You're welcome.

turn 0 : Pushing away emotions and experiences only leads to exhaustion and they must be faced.

turn 0 : A is expressing a desire for love and acceptance, despite making mistakes.

turn 0 : Snuffed out has the implied meaning of stopping.

turn 0 : extinguished implies to become hopeless and not to put out firr


Presidential candidates sure ate a lot this week - matzah, blintzes, pizza slices. The presidential campaigns have moved to New York for the next primary. After Bernie Sanders won the Democratic primary in Wisconsin this week, Ted Cruz won the Republican side. Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump hope to rebound in more familiar territory. NPR's Ron Elving joins us. Ron, thanks so much for being with us.

Good to be with you, Scott.

Let's begin with the Democrats. They were playing so nicely together. And then this week it seemed like they were calling each other unqualified. Both candidates say they're getting sick and tired. What happened?

I have no doubt that they are sick and tired of each other. But let's be clear, Hillary Clinton never actually said that Sanders was unqualified, despite multiple efforts on the part of many hosts to get her to do that. She kept saying that she thought she was more qualified and so on. And she never would actually say that he was qualified. And this, of course, all followed on a rather rocky interview that Bernie Sanders had with New York Daily News that went viral.

turn 2 : the democrats did everything they could to make it look bipartisan.

turn 2 : Everything was becoming negative in their respective areas. People got a change when the new president was elected. The news is about what is happening and what will happen.

turn 2 : The women are not running but they are trying to get elected.

turn 2 : The candidate had something troubling in their past.

turn 2 : ) Let's begin with the Democrats.They were playing so nicely together.And then this week it seemed like they were calling each other unqualified.Both candidates say they're getting sick and tired.What happened?


Good to be with you, Scott.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is subtly trying to convey a sense of urgency or importance in the matter being discussed, without explicitly stating it.

turn 3 :  The turn contains multiple layers of meaning, including both explicit and implicit information, and its true significance can only be fully understood through careful analysis of its context and subtext.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker thinks that there is a level of ambiguity or hidden message in the turn that may not be immediately apparent, but which can be inferred or interpreted through context or other clues.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be suggesting that there are some hidden or unknown factors that could influence the situation being discussed.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker perceives that the turn may have an underlying or implied meaning that could be interpreted in various ways depending on the listener's perspective and context, and while not everyone may agree, most people are likely to recognize some level of subtext or hidden message.


You've got videos being produces on one. And you've got TI and Grand Hustle and Will Packer and people making movies and trying to bring them here to be shot, in addition to Tyler Perry. I mean, you got music being produced, but also these musicians, you know, taking advantage of each medium, you know, film, TV, writing songs for a commercial.

You know, Toni Braxton, here, in Las Vegas when she gets healthy again. These people are still staying here but doing things across the globe now. And you know, people were upset and concerned LaFace closed in - what was it?2000, now?Now, you look at the charts and I would bet you that ten of the top 25 R&B artists are either from - R&B, people on the R&B charts, are either from Atlanta or produced by an Atlantan.

Same for the rap charts and also pop. I mean, you said that this is a city that has an impact on black music. You know, Atlanta has made black music popular music. These are artists that are on the Hot 100, the biggest songs in the country. So, I am very hopeful.

Dee Dee, same thing.

turn 1 : Atlanta has been influential in popularizing black music

turn 1 : Atlanta has contributed significantly to the music industry.

turn 1 : The new music coming out of Atlanta is a combination of the old and the new

turn 1 : The new music coming out of Atlanta is building on the past and pushing boundaries.


You're listening to SCIENCE FRIDAY. I'm Ira Flatow. Thinking about hitting the gym or going out for a jog this weekend?Well, we all need some kind of motivation to get us going, right?We make the plan. Well, here's a reason to do it, to stick to those plans. Researchers have found that aside from helping us burn calories and shed pounds, exercise changes the DNA, changes the DNA in our muscle fibers, which raises all kinds of questions. Just how do workouts change DNA?

Do we pass on those DNA changes to our offspring?And how do those modifications affect muscle strength and metabolism?Well, here to talk about it is Dr.  Juleen Zierath. She is a co-author of the study in the journal Cell Metabolism, and professor of clinical integrative physiology at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden. And she joins us from there. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY.

Well, hi, Ira. Thank you for your interest in our work.

We're very interested, because I don't think anybody has ever given two-minutes thought that exercise changes your DNA.

turn 2 :  The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker is thanking the guest for appearing on the show and expressing appreciation for their insight

turn 2 : The speaker is expressing his appreciation and gratitude for the guest taking the time to be on the show.

turn 2 : The speaker is expressing gratitude for being invited to the studio.

turn 2 : The speaker is actually expressing gratitude and appreciation for the host's interest in their work.

turn 2 : the literal and actual meanings are the same. The speakers are simply exchanging pleasantries and expressing gratitude for the conversation


I think there's also a message to be had in the region. Mr.  Trump in Tokyo, with all the pomp and circumstance, with even the irritations on trade and that mixed signal in North Korea - it was clear that this is an alliance that was vibrant, that was coherent and that was still being deeply supported by both countries. That's the message Mr.  Abe wants to send to Pyongyang and certainly the message he wants to send to Beijing.

That pomp and circumstance extended to the appearance of Trump 2020 campaign banners. They were visible as the president was making his way through Japan's streets. Another of the events that he attended was this sumo tournament. Why is Prime Minister Abe so intent on courting President Trump?

Well, you know, you - the backdrop here, too, is the Japanese people are not as critical of President Trump as many of the citizens of our other allies in Europe, for example. The president and the prime minister do have a reasonably strong working relationship. The Japanese diplomats pointed out before the visit that they've spoken or met 42 times since the president came into office.

Forty-two times, wow.

An unprecedented amount of contact. So I think there's still this sense that this is a good partnership and that Mr.  Abe can make it work.

turn 1 : Mr. Abe is trying to please President Trump by showing him a good time in Japan

turn 1 : Despite the friendly relations between the US and Japan, the President is unhappy with Japan's trade policies and is pressuring Prime Minister Abe to make changes.

turn 1 : Prime Minister Abe will be disappointed by President Trump's lack of concern for North Korea's missile tests

turn 1 : President Trump disagrees with both his own national security adviser and Prime Minister Abe on the significance of North Korea's recent missile launches, which could strain the relationship between Tokyo and Washington.


Forty-two times, wow.

turn 2 : President Trump disagrees with both his own national security adviser and Prime Minister Abe on the significance of North Korea's recent missile launches, which could strain the relationship between Tokyo and Washington.

turn 2 : Prime Minister Abe will be disappointed by President Trump's lack of concern for North Korea's missile tests

turn 2 : The relationship between President Trump and Prime Minister Abe is stronger than with other allies

turn 2 : This implies the growing economic war between Trump administration and China.

turn 2 : The political directive is not related to Abraham Lincoln or his team of rivals.


He used to love football because at the end of the year, we left him a gift. And it was a T-shirt, a real T-shirt of the Euro 2016 of France with his name behind the T-shirt and the number 41 on the top because we were 41 students in his class.

Heda says that she and her classmates have been talking and sharing thoughts with each other on Facebook and remembering their teacher.

I will never forget him, and he was the best ever teacher I ever had before. And I am so powerless with all this and I really want to be thankful for everything he did for us, for the class and also for me.

That's Laurence Heda, a student of Michael Pellegrini, who was killed, along with his mother and his grandparents in the Nice attack.

turn 1 : The bond between Cassie and Julia is strong and special, even though they grow apart in middle school.

turn 1 : Lisa Bloom's name and simply herself, is very noticeable and memorable to a great many people.

turn 1 : The speaker keeps the happy memories of her past with her loved ones locked up inside her to deal with her grief.

turn 1 : A rented out her classroom to students to collect information for her business.

turn 1 : Heda and her classmates have been connecting and sharing memories of their teacher on Facebook.


turn 3 : That's what won, finally, the attention of the old man. And only when he was tough did the old man respect him. And I think when his father became incapacitated, Bobby began to resort to who he was as a kid.  The literal meaning would indicate that the person gained the attention and respect of their father by being tough, and when their father became incapacitated, they reverted to their childhood behavior. However, the implied meaning suggests that the person's father only recognized and valued them when they displayed strength and resilience, and when their father's condition changed, they reverted to their true self, which may have included aspects of vulnerability or a different set of values.

turn 3 : A was taken advantage of by a manipulative older man in her youth.

turn 3 : Laurence Heda was a student of Michael Pellegrini, who sadly died in the Nice attack, along with his mother and grandparents.

turn 3 : The children in the war had to face and endure many difficult and tragic things.

turn 3 : The turn has a literal meaning, but it also contains two cultural references. "Son of Sam" refers to David Berkowitz, a notorious serial killer who terrorized New York City in the 1970s. "Dahmer" refers to Jeffrey Dahmer, another infamous serial killer who murdered at least 17 young men and boys in the 1980s and early 1990s. The references serve to illustrate the link between animal cruelty and violence against humans, which has been established through research.


This past week, we learned more about Russian interference in the 2016 presidential election. Special counsel Robert Mueller indicted 13 Russians and three companies for an extensive effort to influence the election and support the Trump campaign. Susie Wiles was senior strategist for the Trump campaign in Florida, one of the states that Mueller's investigation determined were targeted by the Russians. And she joins us now. Welcome to the program.

Hi. Good morning.

So the indictment alleges that the Russians pretended to be Americans and impersonated political activists. Looking back, can you remember anyone that fits that description or something that feels suspect to you now?

In hindsight, there are things that I think maybe should've been at least an Amber flag, if not a red flag. But at the time, the Trump campaign in Florida had 70,000-plus volunteers. They were active in person and on social media. And it came fast and furious. And I just don't think we were sensitive to the fact that this might be happening.

turn 2 : There is always people that are suspicious of those that are associated with Russia in any way, even the smallest way.

turn 2 : that Russia views itself as a victim of a Western conspiracy and is retaliating with its own tactics.

turn 2 : The Russians pretended to be Americans and impersonated political activists, which is suspicious and may have been noticed by the Trump campaign, but they were not sensitive enough to it.

turn 2 : The recent revelation about Michael Cohen seems to indicate that there was actual collusion between the Trump campaign and Russia.

turn 2 : Russian operatives used deceptive tactics to create far-right groups.


That's for sure. And what we really think this overdose, if it would be moved forward with a company, would be packaged as a shot to have on - hands on, you know, with an ambulance or ER clinics for, you know, life or death situations.

I don't think an antidote raises the ethical concerns. The ethical concerns would be more raised with what's known as the active vaccine, which basically requires multiple injections, and you have circulating antibodies for life in that potential individual.

So, you know, one could be potentially marked that you had that vaccine. The antidote vaccine we're developing now would be eliminated in the body within a matter of days.

turn 1 : (3) Implied meaning: When a doctor talks with a patient about end-of-life medication, the doctor should ask why and focus on addressing the patient's fear of death and alleviating their worries, rather than just prescribing the medication.

turn 1 : "Doesn't it raise some ethical concerns about having an antidote?"  The literal meaning of the turn is that B is asking whether the development of an antidote raises ethical concerns. However, the implied meaning is that B is questioning the ethical implications of having an antidote that can quickly reverse the effects of an overdose. B is concerned that having an antidote might lead to people being less careful with their drug use and may increase the risk of overdoses.

turn 1 : "And now, you know, providing them with quality help and watching them change their lives is one of the most fun things that I've ever been involved with... we need to make evidence-based treatment available without the stigma that goes along with it."  The implied meaning of this turn is that providing quality help to people struggling with addiction and witnessing their transformations is incredibly rewarding. The speaker believes that access to evidence-based treatment should be expanded, and the stigma surrounding seeking help for addiction should be reduced.

turn 1 : (2).  In this turn, B says "I don't want to leave the conversation with you without asking what can the world do as far as you're concerned?" which literally means that B wants to know what the world can do to help. However, the implied meaning here is that B is acknowledging the gravity of the situation and the need for collective action to address the Ebola outbreak. This turn is an example of rhetorical questioning, where the speaker asks a question for effect rather than to elicit a direct answer.


Well, you know, just like I said, be careful what you wish for, because it may come true.

Yeah.

So now, with the explosion in great technology in genetics, we're getting a whole bunch of candidate genes. And then through other genetic studies and comparisons between groups around the world, we can see which ones seem to light up for multiple groups, although it can be different in different populations.

Yeah. There are some - how shall we say - unorthodox treatment ideas, are there not, like infesting patients with worms for treatment?

turn 3 : A suggests using anti-microbial and rehabilitation approaches to clear out bad bacteria and reinstate appropriate organisms.

turn 3 : Doctors may push certain medications for reasons other than effectiveness

turn 3 : There are unorthodox treatment ideas, such as infesting patients with worms, which may seem strange but have been found to be effective

turn 3 : Delays in treating people with the virus could lead to it spreading rapidly.


Well, speaking of talking, do you think that Mr.  Obama is now speaking with both the Israeli and Palestinian leaders?

I would not expect that. It would not necessarily be in his interest to do that. There's certain amount of meaning in the often-repeated statement that we just have one president at a time, and of course, over the weekend, we heard Obama's people repeating that. It's really not something that makes sense for him to be caught up in, the decision-making or negotiations, until he has a standing to be so and to be doing so as president of United States.

Well, this is certainly something that Mr.  Obama doesn't need right now, given that he's got a lot on his plate dealing with the economy. How distracting will it be for him?

It would be a tremendous distraction, except that this is the nature of the job, and he has himself said, back during the campaign, a president of the United States needs to be able to focus on more than one crisis at a time. It's a good thing he's thinking that way because he's going to have lots of them, and he's going to have to try to use the energy and the attention focus that he gets from one crisis to keep the country going forward on a number of fronts - that's the economy, the energy crisis, the healthcare situation - all of this while he tries to deal with international crises. That's the situation we're in, and he seems to know that, and he seems to be up for it.

turn 1 : Obama is already working before he is officially in office.

turn 1 : A prefers Obama over the Republican candidate but is hesitant to vote for him.

turn 1 : Despite mixed feelings about Joe Biden, many assumed Obama would choose him as his VP.

turn 1 : There are multiple options for military action, and the president will choose one after considering diplomatic and political actions.

turn 1 : Mr. Obama should not negotiate with Israeli and Palestinian leaders before he becomes the president.


So to me, I'm not blaming what took place in El Paso on the politicians. What I am saying is that our political climate may very well serve as a facilitative platform for these crazy, extreme actions and ideas to be made manifest. So all of us need to build firewalls immediately. That's what I'm saying.

The question, though, I think, Reverend Rodriguez - I'm sorry, you just cannot escape the fact that many people feel that this president exacerbates these tensions in a way that few other national leaders do. I mean, telling people to go back where they came from, you know, who are people who happen not to be white - you know, when three of the four people he told to go back where they came from are people of color - I mean, how is that - how do you not account for that?I mean, how do you address that?

Again, I don't sign off on absolutely everything Nancy Pelosi, Donald Trump, Mitch McConnell, Chuck Schumer or Kevin McCarthy may tweet or declare. I don't. I'm not the endorser of anyone. And I have pushed back on statements that I do believe do exacerbate the very climate and culture that I just referenced. Indeed. But to put the onus exclusively on the president when on the other side of the aisle there are calls of uber-racism and absolutely. . .

When has Nancy Pelosi ever told anybody to go back where they came from?

turn 1 : (2) The speaker is not only referring to a specific incident but also highlighting the larger issue of racism in the country and how it affects individuals on a personal level.

turn 1 : President Trump's remarks contribute to tensions and exacerbate racism

turn 1 : By contributiing to Trump's campaign they are seen as contributing to the mistreatment of Hispanics because Trump speads this kind of rhetoric. They are giving Trump the means to continue his divisive rhetoric.

turn 1 : The president's statements caused tension among other leaders

turn 1 : White progressives cause harm to people of color despite their belief that they are not racist.


Help us understand how - what life has been like in Venezuela over the past few years that's brought the country to this point.

Venezuela's shockingly misgoverned. It's hard to wrap your head around a country that has lost half of its GDP in five years without a war. That's worse economic performance than Syria. It's the - only the first case of hyperinflation in Latin America in the 21st century. Inflation is running at over 1 million percent a year, and prices are doubling every three weeks or so. And so what we've seen is a mass exodus. People have just walked - in many cases, actually walked - tens, hundreds of kilometers to the border of Colombia and Brazil to find a better life in neighboring countries.

So it's a first humanitarian crisis in South America in the 21st century. And neighboring countries have never seen anything like it. Colombia had to send a fact-finding team to the Turkish-Syrian border to figure out how to deal with an influx of hundreds of thousands of desperate, hungry people.

Can your reporters operate freely?

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using a metaphor or analogy to explain or describe something, often to make a complex idea easier to understand or to create a vivid image in the listener's mind.

turn 1 : to wrap your head around something in this context means to understand something that is really horrible

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using metaphors or analogies to convey a complex idea or emotion in a more relatable or understandable way.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using a metaphor or analogy to convey a deeper meaning or idea, often related to emotions or personal experiences.

turn 1 : when something is a headache in this context it means its annoying


Can your reporters operate freely?

turn 1 : mass exodus meaning people leaving in large numbers to escape the situation they no longer wish to be a part of

turn 1 : The implied meaning is that the demise of all people on earth is not a reason to be optimistic.

turn 1 : "You didn't come here to stay and you will perish." - This turn is a figurative expression and means that we all have a limited time on earth and will eventually die. It does not have a literal meaning.

turn 1 : (2) Implies that the global migrant crisis is much bigger than most people think, and that many people are risking their lives in order to have a better life.  ChatGPT The global migrant crisis refers to the large number of people who are forced to flee their homes due to war, persecution, poverty, or environmental disaster

turn 1 : A: "breaking free from all of these identities and get down to that last one, which is human" - This turn is figurative language as it refers to the author's desire to move beyond societal labels and stereotypes and focus on our common humanity rather than actually breaking free from physical identities.


A lot of people are very skeptical of the talks. The government, before even going to Geneva, voiced their concern that they're not going to Geneva to negotiate or deal. They just wanted to go to Geneva to make sure that the Houthis will comply when the U. N.  see a resolution. So to begin with, the political parties were in Geneva not to talk, not for dialogue, not to negotiate. They were there for blinking contests.

And what's the mood there in the capital?

A lot of people are depressed 'cause pretty much everybody was hoping that there's going to be some sort of a truce, especially now that it's the month of Ramadan. It is the holy month for four weeks where people fast. People - they don't actually have food to begin with. But it's a religious month where people fast, so we were hoping for some sort of a cease-fire, some sort of a truce where the blockade will be lifted so that the aid will come in, so that the commercial vessels now stuck at the seaports will be allowed to move in. Yemen imports 90 percent of its food, so we're in dire need of those commercial vessels to be allowed into the country. Unfortunately, the Geneva talks ended without the lifting of the blockade, without a truce being agreed upon.

We should explain to our listeners that blockade has been led by Saudi naval forces to keep weapons out of the hands of rebels. You have said that you're both anti-Houthi and anti-airstrikes. How do you solve one problem without the other?

turn 0 : has a literal meaning of "Yes, the numbers aren't looking good for the person," but its actual meaning is "It looks like the person isn't likely to succeed."

turn 0 : when something is referred to as a hurdle in this context it means its something that stands in the way of getting something done

turn 0 : "But well..." - This is an expression that doesn't have a literal meaning. It is an interjection that is often used to indicate hesitation, a change of subject, or a transition in conversation.

turn 0 : Despite being nervous, the speaker finds the current situation interesting

turn 0 : (1) "blinking contests" - This phrase is a metaphorical way of describing a situation where neither side is willing to back down or concede to the other, creating a tense and unproductive atmosphere. It does not refer to an actual contest of blinking.


turn 2 : "fast" - The word "fast" is being used in a religious context to mean abstaining from food and drink during daylight hours as an act of devotion. It is not being used to describe moving quickly.

turn 2 : The implied meaning of turn (1) is to hurry up and finish the task quickly.

turn 2 : the time has flown means time went by fast.

turn 2 : "constant movement" - The speaker is referring to the busy atmosphere of a party, where people are moving around and socializing, but not necessarily in a literal sense of constant movement.

turn 2 : Literal meaning: A is describing how people in the house woke up early and were free to start their day as they pleased. Actual meaning: The actual meaning is the same as the literal meaning.


turn 3 : "solve one problem without the other" - This is a figurative way of describing a difficult situation where two interconnected problems must be addressed together, rather than separately. It does not literally mean that one problem must be solved without the other.

turn 3 : To "hang your hat" is a common metaphor that implies you have something you can rely and depend on, so here the speaker is saying that this solution isn't necessarily going to fix everything but it could definitely help.

turn 3 : several big issues are being discussed and negotiated at the same time

turn 3 : It implies that issue of rape and AIDS are interconnected and cannot be viewed in isolation from one another.

turn 3 : People should not put too much faith in any single person or institution to solve all of their problems.


Yeah.

Why has the price gone up in recent years?

Prices will rise to whatever the market will bear, right?We see that uniquely in the U. S.  One vial of insulin in the U. S.  costs seven times what it does in Germany. So there's a huge disparity there. Some of the reasons have to do with reformulations of insulin that are, in fact, better than some of the older ones. Although, when I'm talking about that 1 in 7 price comparison, that's the same exact insulin.

In the U. S. , what's happened - and this is something that I know the Trump administration is looking at and many experts in the field have decried - the slow arrival of biosimilars or generic insulins onto the market, which are on the market in other countries. The problem in this country is the lowering of prices of insulin. And insulin patents have been held up in the courts for years now in suits and countersuits between the three big insulin drug makers, including by Eli Lilly, which is the former employer of our new HHS Secretary.

That's Alex Azar - has been appointed Secretary of Health and Human Services.

turn 2 : Turn (2) implies that the speaker has no opinion on the subject but is interested in hearing the opinions of others and is marveling at the idea of how much can change in 40 years.

turn 2 : The turn that has a figurative meaning is (3) "agriculture is a leaky system". This is a metaphorical way of saying that the agricultural industry is vulnerable to various external factors, such as weather-related disasters, which can cause significant damage.  The other turns do not have any apparent figurative meaning and can be interpreted literally.

turn 2 : A's turn has a figurative meaning as it uses a common expression "Prices will rise to whatever the market will bear" to convey the idea that the prices of goods will be as high as the market can tolerate.


Yeah.

turn 3 : The Trump administration wants drug companies to lower their prices.

turn 3 : The public offering will not be the end of scrutiny and oversight over Uber

turn 3 : Everyone is aware that the issue of high prescription drug costs needs to be addressed, but there are opposing views on how to do so.

turn 3 : The slow arrival of biosimilars or generic insulins onto the market in the US, and insulin patents being held up in courts have resulted in high prices of insulin


President George W.  Bush's book of portraits of more than 60 soldiers, sailors, airmen and Marines who served in wars under his watch was published this week - "Portraits Of Courage: A Commander In Chief's Tribute to America's Warriors. "President Bush has done a number of interviews in recent days talking about how he took up painting after leaving office and how he came to paint portraits of men and women that he sent in to war. We're joined by one of the president's subjects now. They call each other friends. Michael Rodriguez was a U. S.  Army Special Forces Green Beret who served from 1992 to 2013 in Latin America, Somalia, Haiti, two tours in Afghanistan, nine deployments in 21 years. Michael Rodriguez joins us now from his home near Fort Bragg, N. C. Thanks so much for being with us.

Oh, thank you for having me.

What do you think of your portrait?

Oh, wow. I'm, you know, I'm blown away that my former commander in chief would actually take the time to paint those that served under him. And I'm humbled that he selected me as one of them. I think it's a pretty good representation of me. I couldn't - I'm still kind of processing the whole thing.

turn 2 : In Turn (4), when A says, "And then I look silly in it," they are not suggesting that they are physically looking at themselves while taking the photo, but rather that they appear foolish or ridiculous in the photo.

turn 2 :  This is a polite way of asking what the person thinks of their own portrait.

turn 2 : The person is asking the other person if they can say someting that might make them think differently about something.

turn 2 : They are not painting but describing the man in a certain way.


Oh, thank you for having me.

What do you think of your portrait?

turn 2 : is asking for the president's statement today, but the actual meaning is asking for an update on the situation.

turn 2 : Implies that the speaker is asking for the other person's opinion about the political implications of the current situation.

turn 2 : The literal meaning of this turn is that some people may question whether the President of the United States, who is from the South Side, is a role model for people in that area. However, the implied meaning is that the President should be doing more to address the issues and problems faced by the people in the South Side. The speaker is suggesting that the President has a responsibility to use his position to help the community and that some people may feel disappointed by his lack of action.

turn 2 : is asking what the subject thinks of the portrait painted of him, but the implied meaning is asking what the subject thinks of President Bush's gesture of honoring those that served under him by painting their portraits.


The program hasn't been very popular with the farmers. They would much prefer to just have more successful markets that they can go to rather than have to kind of accept government handouts.

President Trump tweeted earlier this year that with more than a hundred billion coming into the U. S.  in tariffs, the U. S.  would buy agricultural products from farmers, ship them to poor and starving countries in the form of humanitarian assistance. Has that happened?

No. They looked into a program along those lines but realized it was pretty infeasible. You know, there's problems with kind of dumping large amounts of crops on poor countries because you can ruin their own agriculture sectors. So they decided to just do the more simple program, where you provide the direct payments to farmers. Now, the part that is right there is that the total amount being brought in by these could get to be $100 billion. I mean, at the current pace - it was 6 billion in June. That would work out to about 72 billion a year if it continues. And there's talk of adding even more tariffs on top of that. So you really could get to 100 billion being the number.

But at the end of the day, this has not turned into some kind of windfall for the U. S.

turn 1 : This implies that the Farmers does want any aid from the government. They would rather prefer that the government remove harsh tariffs on the world's largest soybeans.

turn 1 : Trump's tweet was an attempt to influence the outcome of the military trial

turn 1 : Political agendas are taking precedence over the need for agricultural regulations.

turn 1 : President Trump's tweet did not lead to buying agricultural products for humanitarian assistance.

turn 1 : The actual meaning different from the literal meaning is:  "We're getting a tweet from President Trump... But he's tweeted, I called Chuck Schumer yesterday to see if the Dems would do a great health care bill. Obamacare is badly broken, big premiums. Who knows?"  The literal meaning of this statement is that President Trump tweeted about calling Chuck Schumer and his concerns about the broken state of Obamacare. However, the implied meaning is that the president's use of Twitter to discuss important matters like healthcare policy is unorthodox and lacks the seriousness or deliberation that is typically expected in political discourse.


turn 2 : The program of providing direct payments to farmers is more feasible than dumping large amounts of crops on poor countries.

turn 2 : Credit is important for farmers to survive and the credit crunch has made it more expensive and difficult to obtain

turn 2 : This implies that the Farmers does want any aid from the government. They would rather prefer that the government remove harsh tariffs on the world's largest soybeans.

turn 2 : The farming communities are disappearing due to factors such as depopulation, urbanization, and economic challenges.

turn 2 : The World Food Programme has to decide who is not going to get food due to the lack of resources, and those who are most in need often have to go without.


That's right. The discussions we've had about whether the First Lady should have worn clothing by black designers for her husband's inauguration is still creating a lot of traffic. Aljory Stallings(ph) wrote us this on our Web site, I am completely irritated on this trivial commentary on this issue. I wonder if the black designers who were complaining about this realize that by doing that, they are cutting off their noses to spite their faces.

Flora Gayle(ph) chimed in with this, I think she needs to get some credit for almost always wearing American designers. I am not black, but I do work in fashion. I think before we start judging this, we should look at how many black students are going to fashion school. I wish there were more.

And Dianne Truckenberg(ph) wrote in to say, I am concerned with the concept drawing lines for black versus white, for fill in whatever topic. Insistence on basing decisions on whether or not something or someone is of a certain race will certainly bring back racial tension.

And then last week, we had a discussion about spanking with Judge Lynn Toller. Well, that topic raised a lot of listener hackles. Here are a few letters that summed up the debate. Christopher Watson(ph) sent us this, I sat in my car shocked as I listened to your program talk about spanking. I'm a 33-year-old black male who was spanked as a child and has since worked for several organizations fighting domestic and sexual violence and child abuse. I was slack-jawed as I heard two highly educated adults advocate child abuse.

turn 0 : The discussion is still happening between a great many people. The black designers are only hurting themselves by complaining about what she wore.

turn 0 : White people are not held to the same standards as people of color when it comes to achieving success.

turn 0 : The person being black is relevant to the conversation

turn 0 : The black designers complaining about the First Lady wearing clothing by non-black designers are being counterproductive.


turn 3 : The speaker is suggesting that, similar to the evolution of laws and attitudes towards domestic violence, there needs to be a similar shift in the understanding and treatment of animal abuse. This implies that the speaker believes that animal abuse should be taken seriously and treated as a potential indicator of violent behavior, and that there needs to be a comprehensive effort involving legislators, law enforcement, prosecutors, and judges to address this issue.

turn 3 : The discussion on spanking raised concerns among listeners and caused shock among advocates against domestic and sexual violence and child abuse.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker's tone or body language suggests that they may be withholding information or not fully expressing their thoughts and feelings on the topic at hand.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be hinting at a desire or need for help or support from the listener.

turn 3 : not a literal meaning but rather a rhetorical question.


Good morning, Debbie. How are you?

I'm good. When you hold hearings on the administration's immigration policies, what are going to be the key questions you're going to be looking to have answered?

Well, for the last two years, we've had very few oversight hearings on the department. Now, we've only talked to the secretary one time since she's been secretary. And so we plan to do robust oversight on the whole department. It just so happens that the border is front and center now because of what's going on. We're very concerned about the tragic death of the two children. We're concerned about the wholesale release of migrants seeking asylum on the streets of El Paso.

So we want to get to the bottom of why these things are happening. Is it a resource issue?Is it an issue that the policies that are presently being implemented are causing the system to not work?So oversight is what we have to do. It's our mandate from Congress, and we plan to do it.

Now, you're not the only incoming chairman who's looking at oversight. There'll be other committees - judiciary, intelligence, for example - who will also be investigating. Could that be a recipe for overreach?

turn 1 : The speaker is asking for an explanation of the actions the committee plans to take to investigate the administration's immigration policies.

turn 1 : The speaker is suggesting that there may be a hidden agenda or underlying motive behind their words.

turn 1 : is asking for the president's statement today, but the actual meaning is asking for an update on the situation.

turn 1 : (2) The literal meaning of this turn is a simple question, but the implied meaning is that the speaker wants to know what actions can be taken to address the issue being discussed and is seeking guidance or suggestions.

turn 1 : Implies that the speaker is asking for the other person's opinion about the political implications of the current situation.


Well, Super Tuesday was not necessarily designed to be the end. It was designed to give some states that had been itching to get into the early part of the calendar an opportunity to do so - and many took - the opportunity to do so.

It began back 20 years ago when some Southern states felt like they weren't getting enough of a say in the nominee. And so, round about 1984, they started all having their primaries together. That just grew and grew. Until now, we've got 22 states on the Democratic side, 21 states on the Republican side - all doing it on the same day.

And, you know, it's getting down to a question of not just who's won how many states, because states after all is not how we do this at the convention. We do it by delegates. And so, of course, the focus is on California, New York, Illinois, Georgia - the big ones voting tomorrow. But all those states have delegates, and all the states give each candidate an opportunity to add to their delegate total. And that's in the end the math that really matters.

All right. Let's go to Republican math. Senator John McCain is leading in most national polls over Mitt Romney. What about surprises?Do we expect any surprises either in terms of the popular vote or the delegates that - will shake out tomorrow for the Republicans?

turn 2 : The turn (3) implies that being an unbound delegate gives a certain level of flexibility and freedom to vote for someone other than the candidate that the state's population has chosen. Although they will try to represent the state's desires, there is no law limiting their vote.

turn 2 : The implied meaning of this statement is that the focus is not only on the states, but also on the number of delegates that the candidates can gain from those states.

turn 2 : (3) Implied meaning: Do states have to make a difficult decision on how to use the limited funds?

turn 2 : They're actually encouraging a lot of these kids to go back home so that they can filter out the vote in the rest of the state because the way delegates are picked, they need a little bit more of these kids to go back to other places."  Implicated meaning: The campaign is strategically urging young supporters to return to their hometowns to vote, aiming to influence the outcome of delegate selection across the state.  Explanation: The literal meaning of the statement implies that the campaign is encouraging young supporters to leave the event and go back to their homes. However, the implicated meaning reveals a strategic motive behind this action, which is to distribute the youth vote across different areas to have a better chance at winning delegates.

turn 2 : (2) Implied meaning: Get enough votes to pass the legislation, no matter the number of votes required.


Well, I think we're certainly more prepared than we were back in 2016. I think what this did is alerted our agency, as well as election officials across the country, of the dangers and the vulnerabilities that their systems may have with respect to a cyber breach. So I think it's a lesson learned. And I think cybersecurity is something that everybody is taking very seriously, as they should, and are taking steps to prevent future attacks. Many election jurisdictions are in the same position as those in Illinois - with limited funds and a massive problem with respect to maintaining cybersecurity. No system of any type can be completely impregnable. So you're facing those odds to begin with.

Are you getting the help you need?I mean, obviously, states fund this. Should the federal government step in to help?I mean, are they taking it seriously enough?And what is it that you're asking for?

Well, I think they're taking it seriously. We've received assistance from the Department of Homeland Security. With respect to funding, Congress recently appropriated approximately $380 million to the states. Illinois received about $13. 2 million. It's a start, but we feel that cybersecurity is going to be an ongoing thing. So we're hoping that more funds will be forthcoming in the years ahead.

Steve Sandvoss, executive director of the Illinois Board of Elections, thank you very much.

turn 0 : The opponent is using complex systems to attack us

turn 0 : The systems are capable of being penetrated by someone.

turn 0 : you imply that something is the case

turn 0 : There is a dangerous situation happening that requires people to seek shelter and take precautions.

turn 0 : The situation is uncertain and they need to take it one step at a time