He says that. But the question is, is this chaotic approach getting any results?He doesn't have a better deal with Iran. He doesn't have any deal with North Korea. And you have to wonder what other countries are thinking. Even Mexico, after approving a free trade deal, a no tariff deal, all of a sudden, he turned around and threatened tariffs on Mexico for an unrelated issue. So it makes it unclear for other countries who want to deal with the United States, whether they're our allies or our enemies.

And then, at least with Iran, the situation is unchanged. What happens next time there's a conflict in the Gulf?

All right. Let's look at another policy turnaround. As we've mentioned, the president has, as you know, talked tough on immigration for a very long time. It's his signature issue. Earlier in the week, he said he would deport a million immigrants starting today, but now he has postponed those raids, and he says he will resume them if the Democrats don't agree to change the asylum laws. What's going on?

Well, it's more whiplash as - on his way to his first big rally of his reelection campaign, that's when he said he was going to deport millions. Immigration has always been the go-to issue to energize his base. On the other hand, he has competing political imperatives because his immigration policies are costing him with independent voters, with suburban women. And it turns out that Nancy Pelosi did call him over the weekend, asked him to delay these raids, which were going to deport thousands, not millions.

turn 3 : not a physical head, like a head from a body, but the  person in charge of something, the leader of something

turn 3 : (4) implies disbelief or shock at A's response in the previous turn.

turn 3 : The whiplash means that a person turns their head around quickly as the other person change's their opinions.

turn 3 : "last scalp" is being used as a metaphor for a definitive conclusion or resolution to a situation or investigation.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: Amused disbelief at the sudden change in the status quo.


You know, a lot of people who are successful at their jobs identify very strongly with their jobs, with their profession. They say, I am Joe Blow and. . .

Yes.

I work at X company and that's a big strong part of their identity. And so I imagine when those people lose their jobs, it's particularly devastating because a part of their identity is gone.

Right. I ask people to sort of, you know, draw out a pie chart like if you had a circle and you're going to divide the different parts of the circle into who you are. You're a brother, sister, son, father, mother, whatever, daughter, friend, you're a member of a community, you're somebody who can help other people. There's a tendency in our society to overidentify with the role of a job, but we're many, many, many other things. So redefining and sort of expanding your definition of who you are is a magnificent way of empowering yourself.

turn 0 : They thought he was a joke or not a serious person

turn 0 : What people think of him has lessened due to the situation.

turn 0 : The person is thinking of a particular person but they are not going to say who.

turn 0 : Joe Blow isn't a real person. It implies someone who is just a regular guy who has little power.

turn 0 : "blow right straight through" - This is an idiomatic expression that means to exceed a goal or a limit with great force or speed. It does not mean that Barack Obama physically blew through anything.


Yes.

turn 1 : The implied meaning is that B has a unique and special person in their life that they want to share with the world.

turn 1 : The implied meaning is that A is inquiring about the details surrounding B's special person.

turn 1 : "I" isn't literal and there is no Company X. B is just referring to what aworker who is employed at any company would think.

turn 1 : B implies that being a comedienne is not the same as being a businesswoman, and she wants to know how A manages the business side of her career.

turn 1 : The implied meaning in this turn is that B is suggesting that Rob Kuznia should be hopeful of getting a job offer from a big-time newspaper editor.


Thank you. I - so each morning in my newsletter, I include the schedules for all of the 2020 presidential candidates. And so I'm kind of, you know, kind of scouring the Web to make sure that I can keep on top of all of them. And on Wednesday night, I stumbled upon a Facebook post from a county party in Iowa announcing that de Blasio would be coming there for the first stop on his presidential announcement tour. And that rings alarm bells since he hadn't announced yet. And so I tweeted out and was able to kind of pre-empt his announcement.

That is a huge scoop. And it's great sleuthing. I mean, it's amazing attention to detail. And you also put out your news on the same day you were taking a four-hour Advanced Placement exam, which is extraordinary. That must have been a lot of work.

It was. It was a big day, for sure.

You have been writing this newsletter since you were 9 years old. I mean, you've clearly been a journalism junkie for a long time.

turn 0 : to look for something in this context means they are trying to see if something will happen

turn 0 : "got a glance" means "saw briefly" rather than "obtained a glance"

turn 0 : "caught our attention" means that something drew our interest, not that it physically grabbed us.

turn 0 : turned on their head implies that something unexpected happened

turn 0 : Scouring means to be reading the internet.  Stumbled upon simply means it was an accident to find the information.  Alarm bells did not ring but the person did get alerted to the information.


It was. It was a big day, for sure.

turn 1 : They asked more questions to find out the answer and got one.

turn 1 : It was not a scoop but a finding out of information that could be shared with others.

turn 1 : "dug up" - This implies that the speaker did extensive research and found information that was not easily accessible.

turn 1 : They found out the information in an indirect way from people not involved.

turn 1 :  implies that the investigators used information from the traffickers to further investigate the route of the people who survived the tragedies.


So when you think about -particularly African-American neighborhoods you've got a lot of neighborhoods - and you know not just black neighborhoods where you'll see for sale signs. Sometimes now you are starting to see abandoned houses. We've even heard stories about how abandoned houses then produce crime, because people will base out of those houses. Is this going to really help people at the grassroots level?

It's going to help some people at the grassroots level. As with anything in the economy, it's going to take a long time or at least some months for the real fallout from this to be known. What it does mean in the immediate term is that some banks will be able to lend more money, again, because Fannie and Freddy is going to get a cash infusion from the government to continue their work of buying mortgages from the banks, and so that should ease up credit. It should also make it potentially a little bit easier and a little bit cheaper to borrow because banks- when they're not taking as much risk then they can lower some mortgage rates things like that.

I don't know that it's necessarily going to clean up any neighborhood where you've got people going into an abandoned house and free basing or selling drugs or, you know, abandoned houses, that sort of thing. I don't know that this move is going to have that immediate impact on the ground in neighborhoods that are already blighted.

What about at this upper level?What about what's happened in the stock markets and in the international communities?The ramifications of this?

turn 0 : The underlying trends and geographical concentration of incarceration disproportionately affect low-income communities of color, particularly young African-American males.

turn 0 : a heavily African-American district' implies that the majority of the district's population is African-American

turn 0 : Iowa's current distinction in the ratio of African-Americans in prison is a problem that needs to be addressed

turn 0 : Abandoned houses in African-American neighborhoods lead to crime


Yeah. It's interesting. In Japan, it's the same prime minister that was in place six years ago, but the political environment, I think, has shifted in some dramatic ways. And so I think one of the interesting aspects of the Japanese situation is that the LDP has returned to power. The Liberal Democratic Party has returned to power. But now they have a party that is to the right of them.

And so we talk about those two states. And, of course, the other major player, the biggest in the region, China, where Xi Jinping took command just last month, formally.

That's right. I think we're still waiting to see how China's foreign policy priorities are really going to develop under Xi. The process seems to be moving slowly, and it's not necessarily terribly transparent at this point. We know there are new top leaders in the room, but it's just not clear exactly how they're making decisions or whether they're going to change much in terms of China's overall priorities.

And transparency's a problem in Beijing. It's positively - well, murky is too easy a word for what's going on in Pyongyang.

turn 0 : Despite the friendly relations between the US and Japan, the President is unhappy with Japan's trade policies and is pressuring Prime Minister Abe to make changes.

turn 0 : A is advocating for social and political change.

turn 0 : Mr. Abe is trying to please President Trump by showing him a good time in Japan

turn 0 : The current situation is chaotic and not following the rules of the Constitution

turn 0 : The political environment in Japan has shifted significantly despite the same prime minister being in power for six years.


turn 0 : A implies that the process of political maneuvering can be absurd and comical to an outside observer.

turn 0 : To the right means politically right wing, not that they are actually sitting on the right

turn 0 : People who usually would vote for the Republican candidate are considering voting for Hillary Clinton instead.

turn 0 : "to the left" - the literal meaning is a spatial direction, but the intended meaning is a political position that is more progressive or liberal than the average voter in the district.


turn 3 :  implies that Kim Jong Un is either ill or has lost power,

turn 3 : The statement implies that despite the small number of North Koreans who have escaped, they have provided valuable information about the reality of life in North Korea.

turn 3 : Well, I think one is that I think there's time... And the Washington Post story kind of created a shock that somehow we don't have the time, that we're already in the bull's-eye of North Korea's nuclear weapons."  The literal meaning of this turn is that there is a perception that there is enough time to engage in negotiations for denuclearization, and a Washington Post story caused concern that time is running out and the threat of North Korea's nuclear weapons is imminent. However, the implicated meaning is that the perception of having enough time for negotiations is in contrast to the urgent and imminent threat posed by North Korea's nuclear weapons. The Washington Post story has highlighted the need for immediate action.

turn 3 : The literal meaning of (4) is asking what North Korea wants to achieve with nuclear weapons. The implicated meaning is questioning why North Korea wants nuclear weapons in the first place.

turn 3 : The situation in Pyongyang is extremely unclear and difficult to understand


I think the major difference from the time you were here is that then we were experiencing shortages, but as we speak right now, there is nothing on the shops here. People also surviving on imports, that is the food that people are surviving on is direct imports by the citizens themselves from South Africa from Botswana. And most of the families that are also surviving from their kid's work - seeking economic refugee in those countries and give them to (unintelligible) of Africa. Pay taxes affected the livelihoods of the people involved. As we speak especially with the finding of food distribution by NGOs, we will Zimbabwe is heading towards Somalia. People starve of hunger. There's no food for people to buy even in the stores, that means that people don't have money, but if they had money there is nothing to buy.

Do you plan to vote even though the MDC has dropped out on Friday?

Well, voting on Friday means I'll be legitimizing an illegitimate process. I'll be saying what, even if I don't want from Mugabe, but the outcome of that election will be a reflection of the people in Zimbabwe.

Are you hopeful that someone, I mean the U. N.  Security Council has heard arguments from the U. S.  and Britain, different countries and coalitions of African leaders have tried to make statements, but statements have not so far changed things. What would help?

turn 0 : Despite being one of the wealthiest countries, people are struggling to make ends meet.

turn 0 : Capitalism has changed and now requires more regulation and reduced expectations in terms of return. Prices are not assumed to always go up anymore.

turn 0 : Despite the presence of goods in shops, people are still starving due to lack of money and high taxes.

turn 0 : When you hand out money quickly with no regulations people will spend it on things that are not needed.

turn 0 : Money is being printed irresponsibly in Zimbabwe and the person wonder's how the lowering economy of the world affects them.


How does the government even know that they might have overpaid?

Well, they have records going back that say, you know, you were eligible for X amount per month. And then maybe somebody in the family went back to work and got more in the way of earnings than they would have had to be eligible for those benefits. And so there was this debt sitting there on the account over all these years. But in many of these cases, the government can't even say who exactly incurred the debt. It might have been a surviving spouse. It might have been surviving children. All they know is that the debt is on the books. And apparently their regulations allow them to go after almost anyone in the surviving family without regard to whether they were the ones who got the benefits in the first place.

And they have no recourse?

Well, there's an appeals process, and you can seek a waiver. The folks I've spoken to, for the most part, when they call or visit Social Security, they're told, yeah, you can go through the waiver process, but you're not likely to win. The Social Security Administration tells me that about 10 percent do win their case, but that's 90 percent who don't. And of that 90 percent, some of them, it's just, you know, a few hundred dollars maybe, and they figure it's not worth the battle. In other cases, it's some thousands of dollars, and they really need the money. But very few lawyers will touch these cases because they are relatively small amounts of money involved.

turn 1 : "But, you know, who knows?" - The literal meaning of this turn is simply acknowledging the uncertainty of the situation. The implied meaning, however, could be interpreted as a sarcastic remark indicating the speaker's lack of faith in the legal system's ability to keep information confidential.

turn 1 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer

turn 1 : "you know" is used as a filler phrase and does not add any literal meaning to the sentence

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be hinting at something indirectly and expects the listener to understand the intended message.


And they have no recourse?

turn 3 :  you imply that something is the case

turn 3 : The company may be motivated to pay the settlement to avoid further legal complications.

turn 3 :  "win their case" does not refer to a legal case but rather to the process of appealing and receiving a waiver for the debt owed to the Social Security Administration.

turn 3 : The judge ruled that the entire Affordable Care Act is unconstitutional

turn 3 : Case is a legal judgement that will take place before a judge.


Now, going back to the delegate question. Mitt Romney had a significant number of delegates. What happens to his delegates on the Republican side?Who gets to choose what pile they get thrown in?

He had 282 pledged delegates when he got out of the race last Thursday, bowing out to John McCain. But he did not actually totally 100 percent leave the campaign. He suspended his campaign, which means he's no longer really contesting John McCain's nomination. But if something should happen, some untoward event were to really alter the course of things, in the next couple of weeks or months or as we get closer to the convention, if something happened to John McCain and Mitt Romney wanted to get back into the fray, he's still holding on to that cash of delegates, which is at this point still the second largest. He's still a little bit ahead Mike Huckabee, even though Huckabee had a pretty good weekend out there.

So Mitt Romney's hanging onto those delegates for now. In the end we expect there will not be a big fight for the nomination at the convention and all the delegates will make it unanimous for John McCain, except those few who might choose to cast a kind of protest vote.

All right. Well, Ron, thanks again.

turn 1 : John McCain is doing well in the Republican primaries.

turn 1 : McCain campaign is facing a difficult challenge from Obama

turn 1 : Mitt Romney has suspended his campaign, which means he is still technically in the race and has not fully withdrawn. (3) - All the delegates are expected to vote for John McCain at the convention, but a few may choose to cast a vote of protest.

turn 1 : John McCain is facing political isolation and uncertainty in the Senate

turn 1 : McCain has a significant lead over Mike Huckabee in terms of delegate count.


If you want to talk about people, not governments, you'll find that the vast majority of Arabs in the Middle East and wherever else, they do support - not Hamas as an ideology or whatever, they support a people surrounded in a very small piece of land besieged, not allowed to leave, travel, import goods. That is what they support.

They sympathize with the people in general, be it Hamas. If we had Buddhist government governing Gaza, they would also sympathize with them. It's not really about Hamas or Fatah or whatever.

You said you were not a supporter of Hamas before. Are you now more favorably inclined to Hamas?

No, no, I wouldn't say that. I wouldn't say I am inclined to Hamas or any other party here in Gaza, but human beings by nature will probably go for the underdog. And at this moment in time, Hamas is the underdog.

So what do you think needs to happen on your side for the bombing to cease, for there to be another ceasefire?

turn 1 : Arabs sympathize with the people in Gaza, regardless of their governing party

turn 1 : The situation in Gaza is much worse than the humanitarian supplies suggest.

turn 1 : Israel is engaged in a serious conflict with Hamas.

turn 1 : Isis began just as the Arab's began to collapse or at least lose popularity.

turn 1 : Jordanians support the uprising but are hesitant to support military intervention. Government may change its position later


Members of the Writers Guild of America are back at work today. The three-month labor dispute with Hollywood producers was put to rest last night. Members voted overwhelmingly to end the strike. The dispute centered on what writers should be paid for work distributed over the Internet. So did the writers get what they wanted?That's the question we pose now to Larry Wilmore. He's a member of the WGA's negotiating committee. He's a long-time television writer and producer, also the senior black correspondent for Comedy Central's "The Daily Show with Jon Stewart. "He's a clip of Larry on "The Daily Show" before the strike:

Frankly, they kind of overdo it, you know?So for blacks to support Obama, he's got to make up his mind. Is he African or American?Because he can't be both. That doesn't make sense.

You were so wrong, Larry. How are you doing?

turn 1 : "Do you find it interesting that we have a president who is literally African-American?" - The literal meaning of this turn is a question about the speaker's opinion on having a president of African American descent, but the actual meaning is a comment on the significance of Barack Obama's presidency as a milestone in American history and a recognition of the progress made in race relations.

turn 1 :  "American blacks love African art, African clothes, African music. We're just not that crazy about Africans." The literal meaning of this turn is that American black people appreciate African culture but are not fond of African people. However, the actual meaning is that there is a cultural appreciation for African arts and music, but there is a disconnect with the people who produce them.

turn 1 : The implied meaning in turn (2) is that the author created the book out of a desire to educate young black people about their cultural history, which they may not have learned from mainstream media sources such as hip-hop videos.

turn 1 :  "Well, for so long nobody really knew where they were from." - The literal meaning of this turn is a response to the previous statement, but the actual meaning is an acknowledgment of the historical difficulties African Americans have faced in tracing their ancestry due to the legacy of slavery and displacement.


turn 2 : "Do you find it interesting that we have a president who is literally African-American?" - The literal meaning of this turn is a question about the speaker's opinion on having a president of African American descent, but the actual meaning is a comment on the significance of Barack Obama's presidency as a milestone in American history and a recognition of the progress made in race relations.

turn 2 :  "Frankly, they kind of overdo it, you know? So for blacks to support Obama, he's got to make up his mind. Is he African or American? Because he can't be both. That doesn't make sense." The literal meaning of this turn is that Obama cannot be both African and American, and that it is difficult for black people to support him. However, the actual meaning is that there is a sense of confusion and identity crisis regarding Obama's background, and that this confusion affects how some black people feel about him.

turn 2 : The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker is a supporter of Obama and is not afraid to express it publicly, even if it goes against the expectations of his mother.

turn 2 : Despite facing insults and criticism, the writer encourages others to have hope and support Barack Obama's presidential campaign.


Iran airstrike - canceled. Raids on immigrants here in the United States without authorization - canceled. President Trump has promised and then gone back on a number of signature actions this past week. And here to illuminate us, as she does almost every week, is NPR's national political correspondent Mara Liasson.

Good morning, Mara.

Good morning, Lulu.

All right, let's start with Iran. That is a very dangerous situation. Where does the president's policy stand after calling off the airstrikes?

turn 0 : to make a switch mean they go do something else.

turn 0 : The mom is not confined to doing things one way and staying in one place.

turn 0 : This made the person have to stay where they were at.

turn 0 : She does not light them up but tells them what is going on with everything.

turn 0 : They are not going to a table and picking up pieces but are actually just resuming conversations and trying to fix problems between them.


It's so weird because we're in the day in time where you had you wonder, this time you wonder, OK did they did not offer her enough money, because everybody does it. You they're going to figure now for Angelina Jolie and her twins and like, you know, 15 million dollars per picture. So, you're just wonder, you know like why hasn't Halle done it, have they offered her?And I saw her, I guess it was African-Americans, I'm not sure that they get the kind of money or the offers that white celebrities do. And I don't know if that has played a factor in it or is she just a celebrity that decided, you know, I'm not going to put my child out.

This is my kid. I'm not going to sell her to the highest bidder. I'm hoping is that one, but I think that, you know, that is how you get publicity now. You know, not that she needs it, but it does sort of fuel the fire for people being interested in you and you being, you know, sort of the talk of the town so people actually want to go see your next film. So, I don't know it's sort of weird that we haven't seen the baby and I look at it, you know, Tori Spelling. I mean, at this point they had the baby one day and then they cover the next day.

Oh my gosh.

It's amazing the way it works.

turn 0 : Asking why the person is hiding their baby and not showing it to the public.

turn 0 : They are implying celebrities do not care about murders

turn 0 : She claimed someone was obtaining illegal access to her Instagram account.

turn 0 : A suspects that Halle Berry hasn't been offered enough money for selling her baby's pictures


(Laughter).

And I said - I said, yeah, buddy, I'm everywhere.

He was a longtime customer of mine who hadn't realized that I had left the shop.

Well, what was the path from you looking into the hoods of cars to under the - into the insides of people?

turn 1 : He is just trying to get people to laugh around Halloween by telling a joke.

turn 1 : B finds something amusing or funny, but it's not clear what

turn 1 : A finds something amusing but doesn't want to explain why.

turn 1 : He jokes to the person that he can be seen and found everywhere all the time.

turn 1 : the literal meaning is that the other person laughs in response to something that was said.


FLDS has been accused of forcing underage girls to marry adult men. For more, we turned to Salt Lake Tribune reporter Brooke Adams, and, Brooke, many people likely remember this story. Hundreds of children were removed from the ranch in April. And later on, they were returned to their family. When did that happen and why?

They were returned to their families in June - actually on June 2nd after first the Texas Court of Appeals and then the Texas Supreme Court ruled that a San Angelo judge didn't have enough evidence to hold all of them in custody.

And so they went back to their families. You wrote about a new report that was released just last week. There was a commission that reported on FLDS. What were some of their key findings?

The Texas Department of Family and Protective Services found that there were 12 young girls ranging in age from 12 to 15 who had been married to older men. It's unclear from the report whether all of those marriages took place at the ranch, but that's where they found the evidence for that. And of those 12 girls, seven of them have had children, which is interesting. The girls now range in age from 14 to 18, so many of them are still minors. The youngest of those girls, I will say, however, have not had children.

turn 1 : Unrepresented children are at a disadvantage in court.

turn 1 : The courts did not have enough evidence to hold the children in custody.

turn 1 : Representation in court is necessary for children's cases.

turn 1 : It is being implied that it will be difficult to proceed to court.


As someone who has worked for so many years to promote human rights in Afghanistan, do you feel this in your gut?Are you optimistic that this peace can hold?

I yet do not trust the promises the Taliban make. I'm worried about my little girls, two of them, and their future. But also, I'm optimist about the fact that Afghanistan is a different country.

You think Afghanistan is a place where your two daughters can have a happy, successful life.

As a nation who have suffered for a large number of years, our country and our people deserve peace and stability and to move on. However, this is the time that we make a commitment that we would fight for the rights of our people, including the right of my two little girls. And that's why my focus is to make sure that the peace process is not rushed; we take enough time to develop the details of a peace agreement that ensures and guarantees the freedom that I want for my daughters.

turn 3 : The speaker is expressing appreciation for the opportunity of being able to discuss the issue.

turn 3 : the literal and actual meanings are the same. The speakers are simply exchanging pleasantries and expressing gratitude for the conversation

turn 3 : The speaker's emotions and thoughts are being explored in order to gauge their optimism and trust in the peace process.

turn 3 : The speaker realizes the value of being present in the moment and the importance of not missing out on important experiences.

turn 3 : (4) - This turn implies that the speaker is urging the other speaker to stay and lend their voice to the debate, as their opinion is important and relevant.


Was part of the problem that they knew it was Einstein's brain, and therefore they were predisposed to see things?

Exactly right, exactly right. It's rather like seeing faces or shapes in clouds. Those shapes really aren't in the clouds. They're in your mind.

Forgive me - what amounts to a philosophical question - why have we been fascinated by Einstein's brain matter over the years?

Well, I think it's kind of a cult of personality. He was obviously a very, very bright individual but one of the, kind of, myths of his intellect is that he was this great over-towering mathematician. In fact, he wasn't - amongst his colleagues in physics - a particularly good mathematician. And that's kind of overlooked in the kind of cult of personality about him.

Do we find it interesting - or maybe reassuring - to try and look for special clues in Einstein's brain because, I mean, if it can all be traced to the guy's brain, we can hardly be held responsible for being born with, you know, what amounts to inferior material?

turn 4 : The work that he is doing is dangerous and scary. (Ebola implies deadly nature of the work)

turn 4 : The fight against Ebola is not just a health problem, but also a political one

turn 4 : In (2), President Obama's commitment of money and military personnel is a literal statement, but it implies that he is taking action to help with the Ebola crisis.

turn 4 : Obama is being tested to see if he is capable of successfully managing a crisis.


It was like a scientific menagerie. It was just amazing.

And they have a cockatiel or. . .

Yeah. The main - a cockatiel. The main activity that day was happening in the wind tunnel. So this is - it's huge. I think - I hesitate to do the actual length, but I think probably like 40 feet, not the actual enclosure, but between the fan on one side. And they blow wind through this sort of enclosure and put the birds in, and then they can change the wind speed to make the birds flap, at sort of the equivalent of different speeds.

So they're like flying in the wind tunnel with the wind in the face.

turn 3 :  the figurative use of the phrase "flipping the bird" and the phrase's implication in New York City, respectively.

turn 3 :  In turn (4), the speaker describes the birds "flying" in the wind tunnel with the wind blowing in their faces, which is not a literal description of flight but rather an approximation of the experience.

turn 3 : (3) is a sign of amusement, indicating the speaker was laughing at the metaphor.


I gather Jim Dunne was a great father.

He was a great father. And - yes. And he has two sons that are in the automotive business. And yeah, he was a terrific father and a wonderful grandfather as well and a great friend.

Yeah. You're going to miss him.

I'm going to miss him. I'm going to miss - he also was wonderful for - he held lunches at some of Detroit's divier (ph) places. And you know, I'm going to miss when he'd call up and say, hey, we're meeting at Buddy's Pizza (ph) at 12:15. Be there. I wish I'd said yes more often.

turn 1 : B was raised by his grandparents who were foster parents, not his biological parents.

turn 1 : ‘Dad was just Dad at home’ refers to the children not seeing their father’s fame as affecting their relationship in any way - a separation of job and home life.

turn 1 : Jim Dunne was a great father and successful in raising his sons, while emphasizing he was a wonderful grandfather and friend

turn 1 : The speaker is expressing appreciation for the theme of father-daughter relationships in the book and acknowledging that it has personal resonance for them.

turn 1 : Deacon White was a man of high moral character who prioritized his family.


Yes, yes indeed, yeah.

Where are they now?

They're blue-collar, and many of them remain Democrats, although when the national election comes, many of them outside of Allegheny County do start voting Republican. Part of the reason is that this is an older state, and for pensioners, unless the economy is really going haywire and frightening them about the condition of their pensions and the future of their Social Security, they are going to worry less about breadbasket issues than they're going to worry about the social flashpoint issues.

And out here, Democrats, and we're talking about liberals, Democrats are pro-Second Amendment. They're pro-life. They are very religious. They're socially conservative. Gay marriage simply confounds them as a theory. In other words, we're talking about a place where the liberals have guns.

And so, where are those liberals going?Are they going to Obama or McCain?

turn 3 : The Green Party has good attitudes towards diversity, opposes populist parties, and is pro-European.

turn 3 : Liberals in this place have socially conservative views.

turn 3 : implies that A has endorsed Hillary Clinton and believes she effectively addresses the issues.

turn 3 : Being expelled from the Conservative Party was not their choice

turn 3 : The person wants to know what can be done to find a common thing the two political parties can agree on.


Yes, yes indeed, yeah.

Where are they now?

turn 3 : 2. Conservatives prioritize issues such as school prayer and abortion.

turn 3 : Liberals in this area hold conservative beliefs and values.

turn 3 : The goals of the gay rights movement are essentially conservative, so conservatives should support them.


Well, do you know, patients liked me 'cause I was really jolly and nice and what they didn't realize is they'd probably been much better off with some mumbling introvert who actually knew something. And in fact, I dreaded it. And my only happy day as a doctor was one sunny summer day where we got no admissions at all and I sat on the lawn outside the hospital and read "The Longest Journey" by E.  M.  Forster. That was the only happy day, and in the end, I didn't go back. And I thought, well, what could I do?I'm not qualified for anything else. I thought, the only thing I've done is comedy. And I applied for and got a job with BBC Light Entertainment in radio.

I am among those that think that British humor is one of the great forces for civilization in the world.

(Laughter).

But that being noted, it must be rough to - a challenge to take a comic approach to the Blitz, which is, in a sense, the great national heroic story of Britain.

turn 1 : A humorous response indicating agreement with continuing to criticize the British.

turn 1 : B's laughter does not have a literal meaning but is likely a response to something humorous or lighthearted in the conversation.

turn 1 :  The speaker is not only expressing admiration for British humor but also implying that it has been a positive force in the world. (3) The speaker is expressing amusement and agreement with the previous statement, not simply laughing for no reason. (4) The speaker is expressing admiration for the challenge of using comedy to tell the story of the Blitz, not simply noting the difficulty of doing so.

turn 1 : (1) "B: (Laughter)." This turn implies that B found something funny or amusing, but it does not provide any literal information or statement.


(Laughter).

turn 3 : The literal meaning of (3) is asking what type of story was popular in the 19th century that could be compared to a modern day internet meme. The implied meaning is asking what was popular or trendy in the 19th century.

turn 3 :  "But that being noted, it must be rough to - a challenge to take a comic approach to the Blitz, which is, in a sense, the great national heroic story of Britain." - This turn does not have a literal meaning, as it expresses the speaker's opinion about the challenge of taking a comic approach to a serious historical event.

turn 3 : The turn whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning is turn (4) "Is this frustrating work, Mr. Bociurkiw?" The literal meaning of the question is asking Mr. Bociurkiw if he finds his work frustrating, but the implied meaning is whether Mr. Bociurkiw finds his work challenging due to the difficult and complex nature of the situation in Ukraine

turn 3 : The speaker is asking about the tradition of political comedy in South Africa and whether there is a history of satirizing those in power. Implicated meaning: The speaker is curious about the role of comedy in South African politics and whether it has been used as a tool for dissent.


We're still going to have a problem. I mean, there is no question that there is already layoff. There's going to be an economic decline. There's going to be a recession. The question is how deep and, you know, is this going to be a catastrophe or is just going to be bad. This is not the last thing we're going to have to do.

Yeah, we've got $2. 1 trillion in non-prime mortgages about to reset in the next 18 months. Many of which will go into foreclosure unless there is a mechanism for those homeowners who could meet obligations to renegotiate with their lenders. And there was a bubble in the housing market that's going to be deflated. But the question is, are we going to go off a cliff?Or is there going to be a gradual decline and then the settling down and that's what we hope to achieve.

Democratic California Congresswoman Zoe Lofgren. Thank you very much for joining us.

Thank you.

turn 1 : The economists are watching New York City next to see if its bubble will burst.

turn 1 : The financial crisis is recurring and becoming more severe each time it comes back.

turn 1 : Decline in homeownership is affecting young people the most.

turn 1 : People aren't spending money due to the recession.

turn 1 : The housing market bubble will burst and we hope for a gradual decline.


What are you, Lisa, most thankful for this holiday season?

Does that make any sense?

It does. Do a lot of other businesses there locally that might not be affected by the baby boom - are they having a harder time?

turn 1 : The speaker is using the quote "why do you rob banks? 'Cause that's where the money is" as a metaphor to ask if the area of focus is chosen because that's where the opportunity is.

turn 1 :  "I'm thankful I don't have the banks on my butt." - The literal meaning of this sentence suggests that the speaker is physically carrying banks on their buttocks, which is nonsensical. However, the actual meaning is that the speaker is relieved that they don't owe money to the banks and are not being pursued by them.

turn 1 : The literal meaning of (3) is that no one is taking credit for the decision to go after old debts owed to the government. However, the implied meaning is that there is a lack of accountability and transparency within the government, as no one is willing to take responsibility for the decision.

turn 1 : "Thank you" - The literal meaning is an expression of gratitude or appreciation.


Does that make any sense?

turn 1 :  I'm, you know, it's almost paycheck to paycheck meaning they don't have much money

turn 1 : (2) can mean "I'm grateful for this opportunity"

turn 1 : You put money in the savings in case you have a problem and need it

turn 1 : I'm thankful that I'm not in financial trouble.

turn 1 : financially "pinched" implies the money situation is painful


Does that make any sense?

turn 2 : Implies a question as to whether the idea presented is correct.

turn 2 : "Does that make any sense?" - The literal meaning of this question is asking if the previous statement is logically or grammatically correct. However, the actual meaning is that the speaker is questioning whether their statement was appropriate or relevant to the conversation.

turn 2 :  "What's the reason for that?" is a literal question that means what is the motive or purpose behind the actions described in the previous turns, and its actual meaning is the same as its literal meaning.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker has some reservations or doubts about the situation being discussed.


Thank you very much, I'm really happy to be here today.

What do you remember most about Lonesome George?

Wow, I've known George for over 30 years, and some of the interesting things working with him was just, he was a very different personality than many other tortoises, and it was always a challenge to try and figure out what the best thing to do was for George.

And among the things that we tried when I was supervising the tortoise breeding center was bringing some - a couple of females from Wolf Volcano to be in his corral. I also had a young woman from Switzerland volunteering for a couple of months, trying to do sexual stimulation with George.

And there were a lot of things we did with George, always trying to recover the Pinta population of tortoises.

But nothing worked out, huh?

turn 5 : 5: Someone on A's team proposed the challenge as a fun activity, not as a serious test. There are no turns in this conversation whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings. All of the turns are being used in a straightforward and literal manner.

turn 5 : not a literal meaning but rather a rhetorical question.

turn 5 : (2) The literal meaning of this turn is a simple question, but the implied meaning is that the speaker wants to know what actions can be taken to address the issue being discussed and is seeking guidance or suggestions.

turn 5 : Turn 6 is a question that seeks clarification on the outcome of the speaker's efforts to recover the Pinta population, which is also a literal meaning.


So before - so just in case that happens, you were there for the eclipse. How was it?

The eclipse - you know, people say, how was the eclipse?It was fantastic. How did it compare to others?I have no idea. It was the first one I ever saw. But the scientists seemed pleased that were watching it with me both as a scientific event and as a spiritual event. So it was a really good example of a total solar eclipse.

That is NPR's science correspondent Joe Palca reporting from Chile.

Joe, come back.

turn 0 : cases implies situations, issues or conditions and not suitcases or packs

turn 0 : case implies a situation and not a pack or suitcase

turn 0 : you imply that something is the case you imply that something is the case


And first we need to give a tip of the hat to Sports Illustrated and a story by Richard Deitsch, which caught our eye. And it detailed the lengths that women sportscasters, like yourself, are going to try to protect their security on the road. One woman said she actually travels with Band-Aids to put over hotel door peepholes. Do you do the same thing?

No, and to be honest, I read that and went, oh, I had never thought about that and went wow, that's a pretty good idea. But before Erin, I had never thought about a peephole, period. And I'm guessing most women who travel, period, would say the same thing.

What are some of the protective measures that you do take when you're traveling to games?

It can be as simple as when I walk into an elevator, I never open the envelope that holds the card so anybody can look into it and see what room number I am. I'm very aware of making sure that I feel as protected as I can. One time I was in the elevator, someone walked in real close before it was shutting and kind of jumped in with me and didn't press a button and said, hello, Laura Okmin. And it could be as simple as just somebody who happened to recognize me and was going to the same floor, but I think my antenna was raised enough to just stand there. And then when I walked out, he walked out. I walked back in, and I went downstairs to the lobby and I switched my room.

turn 1 : Is this situation just overshadowed by other refugee and humanitarian crises in the world?  Implicated meaning: Is this situation being overlooked or given less attention compared to other refugee and humanitarian crises in the world?

turn 1 : "And in that sense, we are having a crisis that really affects Western liberal democracies writ large."  The actual meaning implied here is that the crisis being discussed is not limited to a specific country or region but has a broader impact on Western liberal democracies as a whole. It suggests that the crisis is significant and far-reaching.

turn 1 : (2) Implies that the global migrant crisis is much bigger than most people think, and that many people are risking their lives in order to have a better life.  ChatGPT The global migrant crisis refers to the large number of people who are forced to flee their homes due to war, persecution, poverty, or environmental disaster

turn 1 : B: "the problem" refers to the negative effects of globalization, which may include job losses, cultural homogenization, and environmental degradation. The protesters are not necessarily saying that globalization is a problem in and of itself, but rather that the way it has been implemented has been harmful to many people and the planet.


Yeah. So let's take Muslim China, you know, the western part of China - Uighur country. They use lamb, which they don't use in the rest of China, or very little. And their noodles are made from wheat. And they have bread. So that region has this food because of its religion and because of its proximity to Turkey.

The reason I called Anissa Helou is because of a dish I've been meaning to make for a long time. In her book, she has two versions - one from Egypt, one from Syria - a nutritious and simple meal made from beans that's perfect for Ramadan or for any time, really - ful medames, or simply ful.

Ful is a very filling dish. So if you ate ful at whatever hour, you could stay without eating anything or feeling very hungry for at least five, six hours.

Helou join me in my kitchen here in D. C.  via video chat to teach me how to make both the Egyptian and the Syrian recipes.

turn 0 : stew of ingredients implies that the people that live there come from varying backgrounds

turn 0 : The town has farms and preserves as part of its tradition.

turn 0 : when a country is divided it means that the people living in the country have very different opinions from one another

turn 0 : The food in a region is influenced by its religion and proximity to other countries.

turn 0 : Producing beef has a significant impact on the environment.


turn 1 : Despite being a simple and cheap meal, ful is delicious and irresistible

turn 1 : Ful medames is a very filling dish that can sustain you for several hours.

turn 1 : The water is so clean that it is safe to drink.

turn 1 : Haj Abdo's ful recipe is highly regarded by locals and uses a special technique despite his simple cafe.


turn 2 : He does not go into Syria, just told what is happening there.

turn 2 : Helou is teaching B how to make the Egyptian and Syrian versions of ful medames via video chat.

turn 2 : Jordan is open to international efforts to resolve the situation in Syria, but is not taking unilateral action

turn 2 : The key point is made to make people want to learn more about what happened.


Oh, my goodness, the crisis keeps deepening by the day. Yesterday, some of the parties called for a vote of no confidence. The chancellor, Sebastian Kurz, was hoping that he could get rid of Interior Minister Kickl, who has also been the center of several scandals himself during the course of the 18 months that they've been in government. The other ministers of Transport, Defense and Labor said, we're going to leave, too.

So you're describing all sorts of behind-closed-doors machinations going on here. But bottom line - as Austria prepares to go to bed tonight, Chancellor Sebastian Kurz is still in charge of the government, but he doesn't have much of a government now that his coalition has fallen apart.

Exactly.

How is this playing as you are out and about interviewing people on the streets of Vienna?

turn 0 : The government is cautious in its approach towards the regime, but it's clear that the regime is not going to survive. However, the government is worried about taking action that might destabilize the region.

turn 0 : "And in that sense, we are having a crisis that really affects Western liberal democracies writ large."  The actual meaning implied here is that the crisis being discussed is not limited to a specific country or region but has a broader impact on Western liberal democracies as a whole. It suggests that the crisis is significant and far-reaching.

turn 0 : This means that the leaders are corrupt - there is nothing quite literally going into their pockets.

turn 0 : The government has not handled the financial crisis effectively.

turn 0 : The government is in a state of crisis due to political machinations behind the scenes, but Sebastian Kurz is still in power despite losing his coalition.


Exactly.

turn 1 : It is being implied that the leader made it difficult for the coalition.

turn 1 : The government is cautious in its approach towards the regime, but it's clear that the regime is not going to survive. However, the government is worried about taking action that might destabilize the region.

turn 1 : The government is not providing strong leadership, which is causing dissatisfaction among the people.

turn 1 : Implies that the current situation is a de-facto form of long-term leadership by President Kabila, without the need for elections.

turn 1 : Although Kurz is technically still in charge, the government has lost much of its power and stability due to the coalition's collapse.


And yet despite all this, is Sisi still a popular figure?

Yeah, he is a popular figure. The military is seen as the most trusted institution in Egypt. He comes from that institution. He was elected in an election that maybe wasn't really fair, but it wasn't rigged in a wide scale manner. He was voted in with more than 95 percent of the votes here. But it's an election that took place in an atmosphere of fear, where you're basically with us or against us. And if you're against us, the idea of against us lands you in jail.

What are the challenges that he faces?

The biggest challenge he' got is the economy - the foundering economy. Egypt is in debt and needs to dig itself out of that hole. And there are constant power cuts going on right now in the soaring summer heat. And the way he's doing that is lifting the subsidies, which take a huge part of the budget. But that will also possibly lead to protests against him, possibly, because that means people are going to be paying higher gas prices, which have already been lifted, and higher food prices.

turn 1 : The candidate had something troubling in their past.

turn 1 : The situation in Afghanistan is unstable and dangerous, and there are concerns about the security of the upcoming elections despite government assurances.

turn 1 : The voters did not seem to change their opinions when they voted again.

turn 1 : The person campaigned without opposition and was scared while doing so.

turn 1 : That statement implies that Sisi's election may not have been fair and that there was an atmosphere of fear during the election.


What are the challenges that he faces?

turn 1 : The actual meaning of the turn is different from its literal meaning. The turn is using a hypothetical scenario to explain how a narrow victory in the upcoming election could be possible based on current polling data.

turn 1 : In turn (3), the speaker says "You can achieve limited political objectives with support for the opposition and limited military force. But the ultimate political objective of regime change takes a lot more than we have been prepared to do." The literal meaning of this turn is that achieving limited political objectives requires some support for the opposition and limited military force, while achieving the ultimate political objective of regime change requires more effort than what has been done so far.

turn 1 : (2) The implication of this turn is that Kerry is trying to get the two sides to agree to a transition government that will not include either of them, despite their protests and desires.

turn 1 :  The implied meaning of this turn is that Sisi is popular only because he is part of the military and he was elected in a possibly unfair election, with many people voting out of fear.

turn 1 :  This turn actually means that people should not expect to "love" Donald Trump as the Republican nominee, but should come together as a party to face the challenges that lie ahead.


There's a moment in class I want to ask you about there. They're discussing "Madame Bovary. "And Fatima and Meagan (ph), another young woman in the class, have a telling difference of opinion.

Yeah. I came to that when I was thinking about what it meant to outlaw the hijab in France and what it means to claim yourself as a woman in a world that is supposed to be becoming more pluralistic but is actually becoming more tribal. And it should be an acceptance. And I think when a Middle Eastern woman would like to claim her authority and her strength and her centeredness while being covered, the West, in general, will give her argument about that.

Rez goes on the Internet. What's he searching for?

turn 2 : Her life was a representation of the celebrated tradition of women warriors in France at that time.

turn 2 : And in "Madame Bovary" there is a - you know, Flaubert is trying to make this statement about female vanity and a sense of class sort of raising yourself up and having your womanhood be your bootstraps. And in this case, Meagen is arguing that that's the way it should be. And America offers you this, and it's an illuminated culture because of that. And Fatima says, no, I think that it actually weakens and debases the woman to have to expose herself or use her beauty to attain wealth or stature.  In both of these turns, the speakers are discussing deeper societal and cultural implications rather than just the literal actions or events being described. They explore the meaning and significance of outlawing the hijab in France and the contrasting views on female vanity and societal expectations portrayed in the novel "Madame Bovary." The actual meanings conveyed go beyond surface-level descriptions and delve into broader social, cultural, and philosophical discussions.

turn 2 : This statement implies the complexity of Joan's personality and the interesting contradictions in her life and actions.

turn 2 :  (4) implies that Rez is drawn to the strength that comes from Fatima's cultural identity and her refusal to conform to American teenage norms.


But Joan Warren, another reader, saw it this way. She wrote: I think it's incumbent upon voters to rise above this kind of distraction. The responses from both campaigns, reaction from our readers, and the photo from his trip to Africa that we're talking about is on the front page of our blog right now. So people can go and check it out.

So we also covered the president's trip to the continent of Africa. What's been the response on the blog?

Well, you know, all sorts of video and photos of President Bush dancing and making nice with the locals in Africa are all over the Web. On our blog we talk specifically about what his Africa legacy would be. The blogger D. J. Black Adam wrote on our site: Dare I say his record will be better than that of our first so-called black president, Bill Clinton?However, his administration has done nothing regarding Darfur. Overall grade: F+ in contrast to Bill Clinton's F.  So some tough words there.

What else is getting traffic on the blog?

turn 0 : The media does not have as much influence over voters as people might think.

turn 0 : Everyone is talking about something that no one can deny as everyone sees it. It might not upset people who like Bernie Sanders and make them want to vote for someone else.

turn 0 : Joan Warren believes voters should not be distracted by the controversy surrounding the photo from Bush's trip to Africa.

turn 0 : People make their own decisions when it comes to voting and are not influenced by the media as much as one might think.

turn 0 : The implied meaning here is not about the fairness or accuracy of the idea, but rather about whether Joan Kroc's donations were in line with Ray Kroc's beliefs and whether Joan acted out of spite or not.


That's the problem we have when trying to operator motors on Mars when it's quite cold. And so we just - what we use is we use heaters. And we have little electrical heaters that a few hours before we want to drive or turn the science cameras, for example, we turn on heaters, we heat them up to the point where they're relatively warm, warm enough to operate, and then we're able to go ahead with the science observations.

You've obviously lived in Alaska or Minnesota if you know what a heater is on your car.

Exactly. Born in North Dakota, so yeah, I should know.

So of course you would have thought of that.

turn 0 : It implies the inspection of all necessary equipment that was used for the voyage to Mars.

turn 0 : Terraforming Mars as a way to deal with climate change is well-known

turn 0 : 1) is a statement about air conditioners and furnaces breaking down in extreme weather conditions.

turn 0 : This implies that the cold nature of Mars requires that some of the equipment be heated to some level before they can be used for science observation.

turn 0 : Asking about Mars's core can teach us something.


It's a great legal strategy. You know, if Zazi didn't cooperate, he was going to be facing life in jail. The other options is to go to trial. And when you go to trial, universally you end up getting sentenced to a much longer sentence than you would if you cooperated.

Can you compare how we handle a case like this, which has to do with Islamist terrorism, with the domestic terrorism cases we've been hearing about recently?I'm thinking specifically about white supremacists. Does the government deal with them in the same way?

Yeah, in many ways they do in terms of cooperation. They don't in terms of charges. So you can charge an individual with material support to terrorism as it relates to ISIS or al-Qaida. You can't have that same statute when it comes to white supremacy. There isn't a parallel statute. For white supremacists, you know, they do flip a lot of individuals. But it's a different approach.

In this case, as you mentioned, they were able to put a lot of pressure to bear to get information, the names of people who were involved. Do you think that's happening with investigators who are dealing with the synagogue shooting suspect, for example?

turn 2 : People do not physically flip. They change their positions on issues.

turn 2 : This statement implies that the situation is unpredictable and confusing for many people.

turn 2 : Turn (2) has an actual meaning that is different from its literal meaning. The speaker is not discussing an attempt to physically move goalposts, but rather a rhetorical strategy of avoiding answering certain questions.

turn 2 : Flip a lot of individuals does not actually mean they are physically doing a flip.

turn 2 :  The actual meaning of this turn is that professional athletes should take advantage of the opportunities they have and make the most of them, because they may not get the same opportunity again.


Thank you very much. It's nice to be here.

So dung beetles use the starry night, they use the Milky Way to navigate around?

They do indeed. Yes. It's a surprising finding, but they do indeed. Yeah. We discovered it almost by chance, really, because we were studying their mechanisms of navigating with regards to the moon, which is slightly more visible and obvious stimulus during the night sky. But we discovered on most parts of the month when the moon came up extremely late after midnight, particularly that until midnight, we suddenly discovered that the beetles were still able to navigate even without the moon. So we were quite puzzled by this, a bit alarmed actually at first because we were worried that our previous work was wrong. But then after further contemplation, we sort of realized that, well, maybe they were using the stars. And it turned out to be the case.

They can actually see the Milky Way at night time?

They can, yes. They probably don't see that many individual stars because their eyes really aren't sensitive enough to discern many more than probably the 10 or so brightest stars. But they can actually see the very dim stripe of light, which is - which makes up the Milky Way, especially in the Southern Hemisphere. It's very, very obvious actually compared to the Northern Hemisphere. And it's this broad and rather dim stripe of light which they're able to detect and to orient with respect to.

How do you craft an experiment to discover this?

turn 0 : nice to be here means its nice that I'm here being interviewed

turn 0 : Expressing gratitude for the invitation and glad to be here.

turn 0 : This turn expresses willingness to engage in the conversation.

turn 0 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be expressing frustration or dissatisfaction with their current experiences using crowdsourcing platforms like AMT and is looking for ways to improve their outcomes.

turn 0 : Good to be here implies that it's very interesting and I'm accepting to be part of it


Yeah. Well, I mean, this last week, for instance, (laughter) in the last four days, I went on tour because my husband was going to be traveling. And so I left for the three days when he was gone, had three shows in two days. So I was away from my kids for just the 24 hours. Flew back in this morning. We had lunch all together just now. And then I came over here to be with you guys. So we just do it all as a family.

We count it as an adventure. I'm always talking to my kids about it. You know, this is an adventure. This is such a fun experience. And we use the time together out in the world as an opportunity to explore and an opportunity to teach our children and to allow them to see the nation.

Julianna, why six days?What - how did you come up with that magic number?

I have no idea. And it is not - I don't know. It's not a magic number. It's not like the golden ticket to a perfect marriage. But for us, it was a starting point. It was, all right, we've got to draw the line in the sand somewhere, and a week just felt too long (laughter). And every single spring, we sit down for about four to eight hours with our teams. And we - I get one of those massive calendars. And we literally go through and write down every city that we're going to be in. We write in date nights. We write in family date days. We write in. . .

turn 1 : The turn in (2) is a figurative expression and its actual meaning is different from its literal meaning.

turn 1 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer

turn 1 : Turn (2) has an actual meaning that is different from its literal meaning. The speaker is not discussing an attempt to physically move goalposts, but rather a rhetorical strategy of avoiding answering certain questions.

turn 1 : The literal meaning: The speaker mentions that they discuss this as a significant starting point or origin for the book. The implied meaning: The speaker suggests that this event plays a crucial role in shaping the themes or direction of the book.

turn 1 : Turn (2) has a meaning that is different from its literal meaning. The speaker is using the phrase "count it as an adventure" figuratively to mean that they view their travels and time away from home as an exciting experience for the family, rather than just a regular trip.


Yeah. So it's interesting with Magnus Carlsen - he realized early on that fixing small things, like what he drinks during the course of a game, will alter the way he functions, especially in the last hour or so of the game. And so one of the things that was really fascinating about this was when I was talking to his dad. His dad was like, oh, we went to the Olympic Training Center. And they were told immediately that the orange juice that he was drinking was causing for the sugar levels to take a huge dip in the fifth and sixth hours of game. And so they were asked to replace that with milk.

Meaning he'd have a little energy crash. So the idea is you need to keep yourself sustained with something that gives you energy but won't have the crash and that you need to do that even if you're not skiing, right. . .

Exactly. Exactly.

. . . Even if you're playing chess. So as we look at the world cup of chess, which is happening right now, what are you going to be watching for?What are the things you'll see and you'll think, that's somebody who's using some training?

turn 1 : having an energy crash implies that a person runs out of energy all of a sudden.

turn 1 : The energy released in the explosion is incredibly powerful.

turn 1 : Energy does not actually crash but the person gets very tired after a while.

turn 1 : Constantly being plugged in prevents people from becoming wise


Oh, she did, and in such an interesting time. In the '70s, even before Betty Ford had famously stepped forward and talked about her struggles, Joan was convening people who were early thinkers in how to treat people differently. You know, AA had been around, of course, for decades. But there was a movement in the '70s to get people to look at the whole person with alcoholism. And Joan was really passionate about getting the word out.

Yeah. With Ray's death, Joan Kroc became one of the principal philanthropists in America. And she really took that responsibility seriously, didn't she?

She lived large, and she gave large. She felt this almost-burden with the money that she had. And saying she hit the lotto isn't really fair. But - she had this money at her disposal, and she felt obligated to use it in a constructive way. But that's not to say she was ascetic or like a monk. She lived very, very lavishly as well.

Yeah, she'd drip with jewels. She went to nice places. She. . .

turn 0 : (4) "Joan was really passionate about getting the word out" - Implied meaning: Joan was determined to spread awareness of the new way to treat people with addiction.

turn 0 : Her life was a representation of the celebrated tradition of women warriors in France at that time.

turn 0 : The implied meaning here is not about the fairness or accuracy of the idea, but rather about whether Joan Kroc's donations were in line with Ray Kroc's beliefs and whether Joan acted out of spite or not.

turn 0 : Joan was a pioneer in the treatment of alcoholism and was passionate about spreading awareness of the issue.


turn 1 : After Ray's death, Joan Kroc became one of the main donors in America and she took her responsibility seriously.

turn 1 : The implied meaning here is not about the fairness or accuracy of the idea, but rather about whether Joan Kroc's donations were in line with Ray Kroc's beliefs and whether Joan acted out of spite or not.

turn 1 : Lisa Napoli wrote a book about Ray and Joan Kroc, but its actual meaning is that Lisa Napoli wrote a book about Ray and Joan Kroc and their relationship.

turn 1 : (2) "What she said in interviews a number of times was very circumspect - what is love?" - Implied meaning: Joan was not able to directly answer the question of whether she loved Ray or not, as her answers were often evasive and indirect.


turn 2 : This statement implies the complexity of Joan's personality and the interesting contradictions in her life and actions.

turn 2 : (4) "Joan was really passionate about getting the word out" - Implied meaning: Joan was determined to spread awareness of the new way to treat people with addiction.

turn 2 : She wrote very close to what happened in her own life.

turn 2 : Getting rich may not lead to a good life.

turn 2 : Joan felt a sense of responsibility with the money she had and was determined to use it for good causes. She was not averse to living lavishly.


turn 3 : Lisa Napoli wrote a book about Ray and Joan Kroc, but its actual meaning is that Lisa Napoli wrote a book about Ray and Joan Kroc and their relationship.

turn 3 : Getting rich may not lead to a good life.

turn 3 : Joan Kroc used her wealth to live a luxurious lifestyle and still dedicate her wealth to charitable causes.

turn 3 : She was able to rise above her difficult circumstances and become a successful artist despite her hardships.

turn 3 : (4) "Joan was really passionate about getting the word out" - Implied meaning: Joan was determined to spread awareness of the new way to treat people with addiction.


Well, we've - they've already spent too much time, that is the Congress and the president, in getting a deal. So they can't, in my opinion, put together a real big debt reduction bill that the country and its people deserves. In the meantime, this tax problem came in, the Bush tax is going to expire, which was done by the law that adopted it, and that's going to put a big pressure on the budget.

And we've got a law that is so unreasonable that it ought to be repealed, the sequester. I think they're going to find a way to repeal the sequester. I think they're going to find a way to do all of the savings required in the appropriated accounts, the annual billings, but I think they're going to be very short of savings in the entitlement programs, the long-term health care, which costs are going to go skyrocketing along while we sit around thinking everything's rosy. They may not find a way to solve that one.

I hope they do, but I see no evidence that they are doing that one right. So I think they'll get two or three out of the four, and then question for everyone: will they put that much together and say, take it, and some language saying we'll do more next year?I would have some further suggestions, but we don't have time.

Well, Senator Domenici, thank you very much for your time today.

turn 0 : The $4 trillion tax cuts will be difficult to fit into the $5 trillion budget.

turn 0 : A large national debt will lead to a non-functional country.

turn 0 : We already knew about the uncertainty regarding tax and spending policies in 2013

turn 0 : It is unlikely that the Congress and the president will be able to create a debt reduction bill that benefits the country and its people, and this will put a big pressure on the budget due to the tax problem

turn 0 : The deficit and debt are similar to a person overspending and accumulating credit card debt.


turn 2 : Impeachment is not a viable solution and there are other pressing issues to address.

turn 2 : the democrats did everything they could to make it look bipartisan.

turn 2 : Congressional Republicans won't pass the bill unless the President makes sure they will not be hurt politically.

turn 2 : The implication is that the Presidential contest will make a difference to this issue but that it is not literally going to be injected.

turn 2 : There is doubt whether the Congress will be able to come up with a comprehensive solution for all the issues and it may require multiple attempts


Some people are afraid that the extradition law will basically legalize kidnapping by the Chinese state. And that has already happened with several booksellers in Hong Kong being whisked away and mysteriously reappearing in Chinese detention. And so if this law is to pass, people fear that that will no longer be a news item or will just be a regular thing.

And to that question of how this bill is being rammed through, you know, what about that?Is there something about the way this bill is being, you know, processed, is extraordinary?

There are widespread complaints that there was no real public consultation about this. The legal sector, thousands of lawyers came out in force just this past week, and they marched in black in silence. And these are the people who would understand the law the best. And yet, the government has told them repeatedly that no, you lawyers don't understand the bill at all. And so that just shows that the government isn't really listening to the people, and people are feeling that. And that's why they took to the streets.

And, you know, authorities in Hong Kong did release a statement in response to the protests. What did it say?

turn 0 : The Chinese government actively sought to identify and punish protesters.

turn 0 : Chinese people face restrictions on moving their capital out of the country

turn 0 : The extradition law may result in Chinese state kidnapping.

turn 0 : In turn (4), the implied meaning is that the Chinese Ministry of State Security is trying to take revenge for the U.S. FBI catching their spies in the U.S.

turn 0 : The situation is not necessarily an 'either/or' between China and the United States.


turn 2 : China wants Hong Kong to focus on making money and ignore politics

turn 2 : The Hong Kong government is ignoring public opinions.

turn 2 : The protests in Hong Kong are not about gaining more democracy or freedom, but rather to protect what they currently have.

turn 2 : The Hong Kong people are more determined this time and the young people are actively participating in politics


Exactly right. The jet stream - if you remember last year, when we kind of had a winter with no winter, we had a jet stream that was very zonal, meaning it came across the time zones from west to east, and it kind of stayed right along the Canadian-U. S.  border, and that's kind of the separation between the cold air and the warm air. So we were on the southern part of the jet stream, and so we were very warm all winter long.

Now with this Sudden Stratospheric Warming event and the disruption of the circum-polar vortex, our jet stream has started to buckle and meander quite a bit. And so now instead of going primarily from west to east, we have a big north and south component of that jet stream, allowing cities like Anchorage to be very warm while New York City or even areas in Georgia are much colder than Anchorage.

Georgia was 32 degrees when Anchorage was 48.

Wow, is this the same thing that happened a couple of years ago, or am I just imagining this?

turn 3 : to imagine something in this context means to think that something was right, but they might be wrong

turn 3 :  (4) - Implied meaning: What thoughts or feelings were you experiencing in that moment?

turn 3 :  (4) is an expression of surprise. The implied meaning is an expression of admiration.

turn 3 : to imagine something in this context means something was unbelievable to the person but it still happened

turn 3 : the phenomenon described in the book is extraordinary and could be perceived as a miracle by some readers, even though the literal meaning is simply acknowledging that the phenomenon is portrayed realistically in the book.


Well, maybe before 20 September, yes, but maybe after 20 September, there might be some people from the military that think that, well, he has went too far. Actually after Trump support and blind support to Sissi, the number of people who has been arrested have been increased dramatically. So I would say that endorsing and supporting Sissi publicly by Trump give him a green light to continue and to continue crackdown on peaceful dissent.

I'm told, Mr.  Zaree, that you're on the travel ban list. Are you worried about your own safety?

I'm always worried about my own safety. And I am worried about the safety of my family. But at the same time, I can't just see what's happening and remain silent.

Mohamed Zaree is with the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies. Thank you, sir.

turn 0 : The president may be lying about not being informed

turn 0 : He can talk to the president directly with no in between people.

turn 0 : This statement implies that President Trump has a history of not trusting U.S. intelligence agencies, which may affect his response to the CIA report on the killing of Jamal Khashoggi.

turn 0 : He asked the foreign governments to collectinformation about illegal and/or immoral things that his opponents had done.

turn 0 : Trump supported Sissi without obtaining information about the man and what he does.


Even - and especially if it comes afterwards, but it's that - it's - once you charge somebody up with emotion, you're putting them into a state where their critical thinking or what, you know, what Kahneman would call system-two thinking, that reflective thinking becomes harder. And you have to keep in mind, this also - I'm making this sound like this sinister thing, you know, that, oh, we're trying to get away with - well, maybe when the car salesman is telling you a joke just at the point where you were about to, you know, open the hood and look at the engine, and you go, oh, this is a nice guy. I'll buy this car from him. Maybe there, it's sinister, you know?In magic, you come in expecting and hoping that the person is going to amaze you and/or make you laugh.

And if he doesn't, you're disappointed. I want to thank you so much for joining us, Teller. Teller's piece called "Teller Reveals His Secrets" ran in the March issue of Smithsonian magazine. There's a link to it at npr. org, click on TALK OF THE NATION. He joined us from NPR member station KNPR in Las Vegas, Nevada. Thank you very much for joining us, Teller.

Hey, thanks.

Tomorrow, we will talk about the science of pet therapy and how the happiness can go both ways. This is TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News. I'm John Donvan in Washington.

turn 3 : The person thinks that the good feelings have lessened a bit.

turn 3 : The speaker is suggesting that, similar to the evolution of laws and attitudes towards domestic violence, there needs to be a similar shift in the understanding and treatment of animal abuse. This implies that the speaker believes that animal abuse should be taken seriously and treated as a potential indicator of violent behavior, and that there needs to be a comprehensive effort involving legislators, law enforcement, prosecutors, and judges to address this issue.

turn 3 : Sadie is not just a pet but a service animal for Jim's bipolar disorder

turn 3 : B: "How the happiness can go both ways." Implicated meaning: The positive effects of pet therapy can be experienced by both the animals providing the therapy and the humans receiving it.

turn 3 : (2) is expressing disbelief and exasperation, (3) is expressing amusement, and (4) is expressing exasperation and helplessness.


You were screamed at in Duluth?Could you tell us these stories?

I think the man in Braddock, PA was a case in point. I was photographing the original Carnegie Library, the very first one. And it was, you know, quite an amazing experience for me. The interior Carnegie had produced was quite magnificent, and it had a swimming pool and a basketball court and, you know, as well as all the books. And then I went outside to photograph the exterior. And the entire project I did with a large-format 4-by-5 camera, so it's - I have to be under a dark cloth to focus the camera.

And the - at one point, while I was focusing, a hand reached in and tried to grab the camera. And I pushed it away and came out from under the dark cloth and was punched very strongly in the jaw. This man had thought I had photographed him. You know, he obviously was out of his mind. He had - who knows what his problem was - but the homeless population is something that librarians have to deal with in the libraries. It's not something they're necessarily trained to do. It's just an added thing. And I - you can't blame the libraries. It's - where do people go if they're on the streets?

The Northeastern Nevada Regional Bookmobile, as the name implies, that's a library on wheels.

turn 3 : The person has a great many books in stacks around his home.

turn 3 : The chosen book for the Book Club is Flatland.

turn 3 : Is the Northeastern Nevada Regional Bookmobile a library service that provides books to people in remote areas?

turn 3 : The facility only allows guided tours at specific times and lawyers have to sign an NDA, suggesting they have something to hide.

turn 3 : There is a serious need for public transportation in the region.


So wait, you're saying to invest in fat?

Well, exactly. Or to invest in companies that prevent that fat. So that's one potential demographic change. The amount of chocolate consumed worldwide is greater every year, particularly, you know, as you have a lower class in China that's moving towards the middle class.

The problems with clean water in these urban areas is getting larger and larger every year. For instance, right now, just about 50 percent of all hospital beds worldwide are filled with people suffering from clean-water-related diseases or unclean-water-related diseases. So making investments based on these trends and the others I discuss in the book could be enormously profitable in the long run.

Does the fact that this economy, which seems to just take hit after hit after hit, and it seems to be heading straight into a recession if not worst, does that at all change the advice that you give?And presumably, you wrote this book before all the really bad news hit.

turn 1 : The implied meaning of the speaker's turn is that China is taking advantage of its renewable energy resources, not just for environmental benefits, but also for economic growth and job creation.

turn 1 : The implied meaning is that A is suggesting investing in companies related to the growing middle class in China.

turn 1 : This statement implies that B wants to know how A's family are dealing with the downturn economy and what the also think about America's economy.

turn 1 : The implied meaning of this turn is that B is suggesting that the joke is related to Wall Street, such as the stock market and other financial activities.


turn 2 : "And the fact is we could certainly treat water if we wanted to, to the point where there's nothing in it, but we wouldn't be willing to pay the cost."  The literal meaning of this turn is that it is possible to treat water to the point where there are no contaminants in it, but the cost would be too high for people to be willing to pay for it. The actual meaning is the same as the literal meaning, and there is no figurative language or idiomatic expression used.

turn 2 : Water infrastructure is a critical yet underappreciated aspect of our economy and daily lives, and requires more attention and investment.

turn 2 : The statement of A implied that he is suggesting investing in companies that are working to address the problem of lack of clean water

turn 2 : (2): Implied meaning: Would the energy companies be opposed to this idea?


That's right.

Tell us about that one.

Well, that's around a star called HD 10 - excuse me, 40307. I'm losing track of the numbers, there are so many stars now. And this is a system where we first tried out some of these techniques, where there were already several planets known around it, three planets known around it, and we found three more by basically being more clever in how we deal with the noise due to the star's surface activity.

And this was - you have a rating scale for how close to Earthlike they are correct?

turn 1 : star implies a luminous body in the sky and not a celebrity.

turn 1 : stars implies the tiny luminous body in the sky and not a celebrity

turn 1 : big star implies being very popular  well known  or famous and not talking about the star in the sky

turn 1 : The stars are not actually very close to Earth. The implication is that they are closer to Earth and its Sun than other stars.


That's right.

Tell us about that one.

turn 2 : The stars are not actually very close to Earth. The implication is that they are closer to Earth and its Sun than other stars.

turn 2 : Planets didn't actually "pop pout." This merely implies that the analysis surprisingly revealed five planets that fit their research.

turn 2 : Well, that's around a star called HD 10 - excuse me, 40307.I'm losing track of the numbers, there are so many stars now.And this is a system where we first tried out some of these techniques, where there were already several planets known around it, three planets known around it, and we found three more by basically being more clever in how we deal with the noise due to the star's surface activity.

turn 2 : Studying the nearest stars is interesting because it increases the chances of contacting intelligent beings

turn 2 : It's likely there are similar Earths out there


U3 is the classic headline number. What is the total unemployment as most people commonly understand it?It's a somewhat narrow definition of unemployment, and there are actually much broader definitions of unemployment.

So, tell us about those. There's one called the U6, I understand.

Well, U4, U5, U6 and they are all subsets of - each one is the previous one plus another group of unemployed. So, to go from U3 to U4, we add a group of people called discouraged workers. These are people who have given up looking for jobs even though they want a job. Then there's a different group called the marginally-attached worker, and that's somebody who isn't looking for a job but wants one. And there's another group of people who are working part time, but want a full-time job, but can't find them. If you take the broadest measure, the U6 measure of unemployment, we're talking about 11. 8 percent, and those are numbers similar to what we saw in the 1970s. That's an ugly unemployment number.

Well, why doesn't the government count that number or use that number when reporting these numbers?

turn 1 : None found - the turns "less talk about trade" and "focused on unemployment" appear to have their literal meanings.

turn 1 : There are broader definitions of unemployment beyond U3.

turn 1 : They are implying that drugs running rampant in their country may be cause for "unemployment."

turn 1 :  "the employment piece" is a metaphorical phrase that refers to the importance of employment in the overall economic situation, rather than an actual physical piece.


turn 2 : It will be difficult to keep the unemployment rate at 8 percent and it is likely to increase.

turn 2 : The unemployment rate is expected to rise to 8 percent, which is a significant increase.

turn 2 : The U6 measure of unemployment is higher than the commonly understood unemployment rate.

turn 2 : The unemployment rate has dramatically increased in various metropolitan areas.

turn 2 : The speaker explains that even though the general public has been well off, many people are starting to lose their jobs and companies are becoming bankrupt, leading to an increase in unemployment.


Yeah, yeah. yeah.

So. . .

You know, you had - your career - I mean, you've done a lot of things - you've been a model; you've been a teacher, as we said - but getting your record career going was a little bumpy.

Very bumpy. And I was a musician first. I did all the other stuff to try to fund my music career, and yeah, it took a long time. It took about seven years to get my deal off the ground for a variety of reasons. The music industry is in flux. I mean, we'd have deals on the table; they'd fall through. And in that time, we just kind of kept moving forward, which you have to do. So. . .

turn 3 : The person being referred to was a great loss to the music industry and cannot be replaced

turn 3 : Even though they faced many obstacles in their music career, they persevered and continued to move forward.

turn 3 : the musicians actually created a spark in the speaker's imagination, but the figurative meaning is that the musicians inspired the speaker's creativity.

turn 3 : You can never truly escape the influence of the Eagles' music

turn 3 : The music business was losing a great deal of money with end in sight.


What we saw was as the Republicans proposed their version of Trumpcare, no matter what you called it, people began to understand the important components of the Affordable Care Act that they relied on and that had made health insurance available to many people who hadn't had it. You know, Senator Shaheen and I - my senior senator - had an emergency field. . .

Let me interrupt.

. . . Hearing. And I'll just say, people told us over and over again that they had pre-existing conditions and they finally got health care.

But didn't health care prices and premiums go up for millions of Americans?

turn 3 : THERE IS AN UNUSUAL CONDITION WHICH IS UNEXPECTED

turn 3 :  you imply that something is the case

turn 3 : Turn not provided. Please provide a turn for me to analyze.


Are you - at the same time, though, you're in Moscow. Are you, a very smart man, naive to think that Vladimir Putin is going to give you asylum without expecting something in return?

All throughout the Cold War in the United States, we protected dissidents from the Soviet government. These are, you know, writers. These are speakers. These are physicists. These are not people who can benefit the United States government even if they had wanted to. And we protected them nonetheless because of the message it sent.

Now, the Russian government doesn't get many chances in this context internationally, on the global stage, to do the right thing. I have been criticizing the Russian government while I am here. What more can I do to satisfy you or any of these critics who hold these positions?The reality is there is nothing that will satisfy them because it is their suspicion, it is their skepticism, it is their distrust of the Russian government as an institution which is motivating this.

I mean, do I have to detail for you the ways in which the Putin government has earned (laughter) some suspicion?

turn 2 : We need to give it our best attempt and relations with Russia could use some help to get better.

turn 2 : The Russian goverment doesn't get many chances to do the right thing where people all over the world will see and know about it.

turn 2 : There is always people that are suspicious of those that are associated with Russia in any way, even the smallest way.

turn 2 : The Russian government does not get many chances for people to see them all over the world.

turn 2 : He is not saying that Putin never does anything wrong and is very nice.


So it was a very protracted civil war, but during the 17-month period that Rios Montt was the leader of the country, the scorched earth campaign that he presided over was the, by far, the most violent period in this protracted civil war. The United Nations, it was instrumental in establishing a truth commission for the country in the late 1960s after the civil war ended. And it was chaired by a German - a law professor.

And it found that there were acts of genocide against the Ixil Mayans during this period that the trial covered. And so its findings confirmed after extensive research that, again, as you said, there was a very protracted civil war, but this period was, by far, the period of most staggering violence.

And that commission, I believe, found that of the 200,000 people who were killed over the course of the whole civil war, I believe they found that 83 percent were Mayans. And that was the foundation for their finding that acts of genocide were committed.

And as I understand it, in the cities of Guatemala (unintelligible) there were many individuals who were targeted, identified as labor leaders or insurgents, one way or another, and murdered or disappeared. In the countryside it was indiscriminate. Everybody was a target.

turn 0 : (1) Implied meaning: Are you suggesting that despite the good things Franklin Roosevelt and Abraham Lincoln did, they were still wrong for certain actions?

turn 0 : Despite differences, he saw the good in all people.

turn 0 : The civil war had good parts and bad parts. He lead the country and destroyed as much of it as possible.

turn 0 : America thought it could make the world better by force

turn 0 : The man was highly involved in social events and had long-standing involvement with various organizations.


(Reading) I pace the cell to think. I pace to relieve tension. I lightly box the walls. My knuckles have calluses on them from boxing the wall. I do pushups on my fists. I don't have deep thoughts. I'm practical. I get through the day the way I have done a thousand times. Will this be the day I break?I push that thought away. Mind over matter. I keep moving so later I can sleep sometime.

Albert Woodfox served more than 40 years in solitary confinement in Louisiana's Angola Prison for a crime he says he didn't commit - the murder of Corrections Officer Brent Miller. Mr.  Woodfox was already serving time at Angola for armed robbery and believes he and another inmate were set up because of their prison activism as members of the Black Panther Party. His conviction for Brent Miller's murder was overturned twice. Each time, the state indicted him again. He was finally set free in 2016 after a plea deal to lesser charges. Albert Woodfox says the self-discipline instilled in him by his mother helped him through those decades alone in his cell.

I spent a lot of time reading, writing - self-education. I used the time to teach myself both criminal and civil law. And we lived on what we call an organized tier along the principles of the Black Panther Party, developing unity among the other guys on the tier. We taught guys how to read and write, which, you know, I think was my greatest achievement.

Mr.  Woodfox, how often were you gassed?

turn 0 : Pushing away emotions and experiences only leads to exhaustion and they must be faced.

turn 0 : He is a guy that sees positive outcomes in times of trouble. He has the ability to not think about the impact some lawsuits have.

turn 0 : A is in prison and has developed coping mechanisms to get through the day. He keeps himself busy and tries not to dwell on negative thoughts.

turn 0 : The person refuses to change their mind on what they think about the situation.

turn 0 : A is expressing a desire for love and acceptance, despite making mistakes.


Oh anywhere in the blood stream would be fine. The only question would be is it better if it's just floating, as you say, or would it be better to put in a very tiny micro drug-coated stent and keep it somewhere, you know, like in the wrist or someplace that's accessible. So that is another - which one of those paths is better is still not clear.

Are there any dangers associated, that we know of, of putting a sensor like that in our body?

Well, multiple centers are doing it, and there's already, you know, models being done in animal studies, and there doesn't appear to be any danger, and it goes even beyond heart attack. You could pick up antibodies before diabetes is struck in auto-immune diabetes or cancer cells. So there's a lot of things that it has potential for if we can get these nano chips to last a long time, powered by the blood, the movement of the blood, so there's no other power need, which is also a big advance.

For people with heart disease, do you have a sense of how much is sort of genetics, the stuff you're born with, and how much are environmental effects?

turn 1 : B wants more information about the FDA research findings

turn 1 :  (2) implies that B is wondering what the latest news or developments are in the situation,

turn 1 : B is expressing concern about the safety implications of putting a sensor in the body, and is seeking more information on the subject from A

turn 1 : A is discussing a scientific concept or discovery with B.

turn 1 : B is amused at the situation, showing empathy for the people who sent the probe.


Good to be with you, Linda.

So we've got a ticket, at long last. What is Governor Pence's contribution?What does he bring to the table?

He has three things that Donald Trump lacks and needs. He has the trust of most social conservatives. He has a long history of working with other party leaders in Washington. And he has good relationships with the kind of Republican donors who have been shying away from Donald Trump up to now.

Which sounds sensible, conventional and not at all like Donald Trump.

turn 1 : There is no indication that the actual meaning is different from the literal meaning. It's a straightforward question about whether people at the location are excited about the election.

turn 1 : Implies that the speaker is asking for the other person's opinion about the political implications of the current situation.

turn 1 : The candidate had something troubling in their past.

turn 1 : (2) Implies that Governor Pence may have a valuable contribution to the ticket, and the speaker wants to know what it is.

turn 1 : This turn implies that the speaker is asking for more information about the tour.


Good to be with you, Linda.

turn 3 : implies a contrast between the two parties and the different ways that they conduct their caucuses.

turn 3 : (4) Implied meaning: Does Mr. Trump have the support to win the Republican nomination, or is it uncertain?

turn 3 : Implies that Bill Clinton is both a valuable asset and a potential liability to the campaign.

turn 3 : (4) Implies that the qualities Governor Pence brings to the table are sensible, conventional and different from Donald Trump's.

turn 3 : Implies that the speaker would like to see further reforms beyond what is suggested by Speaker Ryan.