Hey there, Lulu.

So I saw on your Twitter feed that you had only run into half the journalists in the Western Hemisphere.

(Laughter).

What is the atmosphere there?

turn 3 : The atmosphere is how people are feeling toward one another and treating one another.

turn 3 : A is reflecting on the nature of relationships between people close to each other.

turn 3 : The person thinks that the good feelings have lessened a bit.


Yeah. It's just pretty much everything.

Yeah.

But overall, is this space open to entrepreneurs of color?This space - meaning online social networking. Is there still room for new innovation?

Yeah. I think that's a great question and it absolutely is. I mean if anything, what we've seen now and what I've been preaching is that we need to start being more niche. More niche-focused is actually the better. So we come from a long way of having these broad sites that would just aggregate a whole bunch of people and just be this commercialized area to now to seeing real value and having super niche sites. It's kind of this whole thing that goes back to this idea of the long tale having fewer people that may be really passionate about a certain thing, than having a lot of people that may not really ultimately be interested.

turn 2 : The NAACP needs to work with people of color regardless of tensions or issues

turn 2 : Entrepreneurs of color may face challenges in the online social networking space

turn 2 : The NAACP should form coalitions with other people of color

turn 2 : It is a bad idea either way for the social media companies.

turn 2 : Dominance of a few large companies is discouraging people from starting their own businesses.


Well, I am, and I have been watching it this morning. There's video of water rolling over the top of a levee.

That's Industrial Canal in New Orleans.

That's right. Still, wouldn't that make you a little anxious?

Well, it would, but our reporting systems we have, we have monitoring systems throughout the parish on our levees, on our drainage canals, on our pumping stations. Right now all of them are reporting well below flood stages.

turn 2 : The future of the town is uncertain and it is causing anxiety

turn 2 : The speaker is suggesting that the situation might not be as serious or dangerous as it initially seemed.

turn 2 : The situation is concerning enough that it could make someone anxious, despite the monitoring systems in place.

turn 2 : the computer gets upset implies that the computer does not do what the person wants it to do

turn 2 : The authorities are trying to stop the panic and the meeting is a test to see if they can do more than just plan for the long term.


Well, what are some of the alternatives that have been proposed?

The prime minister, John Key, here is a big fan of the silver fern. We have a symbol that we use on our sporting outfits. And one of our major teams, which is literally of a plant, a wee fern plant on a black background. For others, though, that's a bit too much like a brand or a logo than really a sovereign flag. There are artists who have come up with sort of designs of white skies and - 'cause, you know, it's also known as (Foreign language spoken) in Maori, the land of the long white cloud. There are Maori, the native people here, have independence flag that are talked about. So, quite a lot of options on the table to be debated.

Who gets to choose?

turn 0 : Implied meaning: the West's obsession with originality is a cultural clash with the East's approach to objects, which is to replace the parts of objects and thus keep them alive in memory and history.

turn 0 : It is largely an age distinction. There are younger people who think that our geography has now trumped our history. We are in the world where it's more relevant than the ties we used to have. But for an older generation, those ties are really important, especially when it comes to war, and World War I and World War II, and New Zealand lost more soldiers per the population than most countries in the world. And they died and served under that flag.  In this turn, the implied meaning is that the younger generation values geography and current circumstances more than historical ties, while the older generation places significant importance on the historical connections, particularly in the context of war and the sacrifices made under the existing flag. The literal meaning would simply state the generational differences in perspective and the historical significance of the flag.

turn 0 : The speaker is pointing out the cultural differences between America and their country, where America tends to cover up imperfections while their country embraces them. Implicated meaning: The speaker values authenticity and honesty over superficial appearances.

turn 0 : when a country is divided it means that the people living in the country have very different opinions from one another

turn 0 : The literal meaning of this turn is that the tribal aspect of this conflict has triggered the most horrific aspects of this war. The implied meaning is that the tribal divisions are at the root of the war and are responsible for the extreme violence.


Who gets to choose?

turn 2 :  B: "And what's the seal look like? How would you describe it?"  The literal meaning of this turn is a request for a physical description of the national seal. However, the intended meaning is to ask for the significance or symbolism behind the design of the seal.

turn 2 : A: "These state symbols are really marks of consensus. They're about design, but they're really about agreement."  Here, the literal meaning would be that state symbols are merely designs created for aesthetic purposes. However, the intended meaning is that these symbols represent the agreement and consensus of the people and hold significant cultural and political value.

turn 2 :  The phrase "stitched with a fuse" is figurative, meaning that each generation of people should be prepared to fight for their rights and freedoms. The speaker is not literally suggesting that flags should be physically stitched with a fuse.

turn 2 : The prime minister, John Key, here is a big fan of the silver fern. We have a symbol that we use on our sporting outfits. And one of our major teams, which is literally of a plant, a wee fern plant on a black background. For others, though, that's a bit too much like a brand or a logo than really a sovereign flag. There are artists who have come up with sort of designs of white skies and - 'cause, you know, it's also known as (Foreign language spoken) in Maori, the land of the long white cloud. There are Maori, the native people here, have independence flag that are talked about. So, quite a lot of options on the table to be debated.  The implied meaning in this turn is that some people perceive the silver fern as more of a commercial symbol or branding rather than a true representation of national sovereignty. The mention of alternative designs, such as white skies representing the "land of the long white cloud," and the discussion of independence flags for the Maori people, suggests a range of options for consideration. The literal meaning would focus on the description of different symbols and designs being discussed.


And after a couple of interviews, she got a job there making about the same salary she received at the bank.

Theresa advises everyone looking for work to, as she puts it, network backwards, reach out to former employers. You might get lucky.

Now, here's a guy after my own heart, Mike Parcialli(ph) of Portland, Oregon. He started a cheap, roundtrip shuttle service taking people from the city up to Mt. Hood for a day of skiing.

Now, listeners. Here's what Madeleine likes about this. Mike runs his shuttle van on waste vegetable oil.

turn 1 : gained the friendship implies making connection and meeting new people

turn 1 : She means to get in touch with people you have known before. The guy is a person that she can like.

turn 1 : Turn (2): The speaker is implying that the person proposing marriage to a woman at the ballpark is likely to be rejected in public.

turn 1 : The person being referred to has accomplished many things and is currently engaged.

turn 1 : A women should not associate with a women expect as a friend


Yeah.

Suffering from schizophrenic paranoia. And the other one says that he was a narcissist, and that it was possible to put him in jail, and not in a hospital.

And as he's been presented in the courtroom, how did he hold up under cross-examination?One thing to read out your own statement on your own behalf, another to face a prosecutor.

He's been - like I said, he's been very self-confident. He's given - his answers are very stable. He speaks very well for himself. And except the fact that his ideology is, to say it weakly, it's very special and it's very extreme. As he says himself, he's a violent extremist. He's a militant, violent extremist, and that's what he wants to be, and he doesn't really try to get away from that fact.

turn 1 : The literal meaning of this turn is that someone is suffering from schizophrenic paranoia and another person believes they should be put in jail instead of a hospital. However, the implied meaning is that the speaker is discussing the mental state of someone else and their legal situation, which may be relevant to the conversation but is not explicitly stated.

turn 1 : The actual meaning of turn (2) is different from its literal meaning. While the literal meaning refers to the painful methods that psychiatry has used in the past to cure people, the implicated meaning is that psychiatry has a history of questionable and even harmful practices, which have affected people's trust in the field.

turn 1 : Although the literal meaning of this turn is simply an acknowledgement or agreement, the implied meaning behind it is that the speaker may not be fully engaged or interested in the conversation. It could be interpreted as a way of signaling disinterest or a desire to move on to a different topic.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker is subtly suggesting that the other person is being unreasonable or unrealistic in their expectations or demands.

turn 1 : "There's people who become who they are on the inside."  This turn is a figurative expression that means some people change and grow emotionally and mentally while incarcerated.


In this piece, you write about a man named Jim Eggers, and he has bipolar disorder with psychotic tendencies. Could you tell us about his service animal?Her name is Sadie.

Yeah, Sadie is an African Grey parrot. So she's a pretty small parrot. And she rides around on his back in a backpack, a bright purple backpack, that he's had built around a cage. So, she's in a cage on his back, and he's pretty severely bipolar, and he has these psychotic tendencies, and he is often threatening to attack people or actually attacked people in past. And what Sadie does is she rides around his back, and she can actually sense when he's starting to get upset before he realizes it's even happening. And she'll say, it's OK, Jim. Calm down, Jim. I'm here, Jim. You're all right, Jim. And she'll just do this in a loop, and she'll talk him down.

According to the Americans with Disabilities Act, service animals are allowed to go wherever there are human owners are, but as you write, that's been causing some problems. What's been happening there?

People are just used to dogs. They don't associate parrots, horses, monkeys, ferrets, you know, ducks, goats with service animals. So, I think the reaction of a lot of business owners and the general public is often one of suspicion that you're sort of making it up.

turn 1 : B: "How the happiness can go both ways." Implicated meaning: The positive effects of pet therapy can be experienced by both the animals providing the therapy and the humans receiving it.

turn 1 : MY CAT IS VERY VERY BEAUTIFUL BIRD AND VERY CALM

turn 1 : The speaker is using Scottish slang to describe animals.

turn 1 : Sadie is not just a pet but a service animal for Jim's bipolar disorder


Now, the Russian government doesn't get many chances in this context internationally, on the global stage, to do the right thing. I have been criticizing the Russian government while I am here. What more can I do to satisfy you or any of these critics who hold these positions?The reality is there is nothing that will satisfy them because it is their suspicion, it is their skepticism, it is their distrust of the Russian government as an institution which is motivating this.

I mean, do I have to detail for you the ways in which the Putin government has earned (laughter) some suspicion?

No, no. Absolutely not. Again, I agree with you. This (laughter) - look, look; this is why I have been criticizing the Russian government. There's no distance between us on that. I'm not saying Vladimir Putin is an angel. I'm not even saying Vladimir Putin is a decent guy. What I'm saying is you have to understand there doesn't need to be a quid pro quo here for it to make sense.

Edward Snowden. Elsewhere in the program, he talks about his work at the NSA before he leaked classified information and tells us what's keeping him from returning to the U. S.  to face trial.

turn 0 : The Russian goverment doesn't get many chances to do the right thing where people all over the world will see and know about it.

turn 0 : The Russian government does not get many chances for people to see them all over the world.

turn 0 : It changes the way you think about the situation. Russia wants to capitalize on everyone's problems in the region.

turn 0 : Russians have interfered in the elections and are doing it again.


turn 2 : The Russian goverment doesn't get many chances to do the right thing where people all over the world will see and know about it.

turn 2 : In turn 2, the speaker is implying that even though Mr. Putin's arguments may sound familiar to those of Hitler in 1938, the analogy between the two is still an exaggeration.

turn 2 : We need to give it our best attempt and relations with Russia could use some help to get better.

turn 2 : He is not saying that Putin never does anything wrong and is very nice.

turn 2 : "tar him with the responsibility": This phrase is being used metaphorically to mean to assign blame or responsibility to Putin, rather than literally tarring him with something.


turn 3 :  implies that you should be mindful of the information you hear and stay informed.

turn 3 : The information was told to others when it was not supposed to be told.

turn 3 : a little foggy implies that the people do not have exact information

turn 3 : something that was hinted at or suggested, but not directly stated.


Struggling yes, and because our ballots were delivered late this time. There was a delay in approval from the State Board of Elections which affected everybody in the state really. Consequently, the printer had to work all weekend to get the absentee ballots to us and he walked in about two o'clock yesterday afternoon. So then of course we had three volunteers yesterday afternoon folding those eight and a half by fourteen ballots and putting them in the - in a sealed envelope that then goes in the pack that we had previously prepared.

We've been hearing that there is a big increase in the number of people who want to vote early this year about a third of all voters nationwide. Are you seeing that where you are, an increase?

Well we don't have early voting in Virginia in the same sense that North Carolina for instance does. In Virginia you have to have a reason, one of the reasons listed on the absentee application for needing to vote absentee.

What are those reasons?

turn 0 : Congress and the president are not working at the moment.

turn 0 : The government rigged the election and caused violence.

turn 0 : The late delivery of absentee ballots caused a lot of work for us

turn 0 : There is a possibility of an election despite no official announcement yet.

turn 0 : "Hanging fire" is an expression meaning to delay. Here, the issue is whether there's some issue that hasn't had an impact on the vote, but will do so before Election Day.


What are those reasons?

turn 2 : In (4), the speaker is implying that more people are choosing to vote early, not because they have to, but because they want to.

turn 2 : It would be difficult to conduct an election in the 9th District quickly.

turn 2 : In Virginia, it is difficult to vote early without a valid reason

turn 2 : The Senate race was controversial due to bad ballot design.


Yes. There's our only two fans in the room. That's great.

It is great, but surely not the reaction that Slat expected when he first dreamed up his plan to clean the ocean. Here's Slat explaining his original concept the first time we spoke in 2016.

I envisioned an extremely long network of floating barriers. They're like curtains floating in the ocean. And because it's in a V shape, the plastic gets pushed towards the center. And that's the spot where we can efficiently extract it from the seawater and store it before shipping it to land for recycling.

Well, as we know, Slat's idea didn't quite work as planned.

turn 2 : when something is front and center in this context it means its out in the open, or some type of problem everyone notices

turn 2 : It is easier to do something when there are no obstacles (guards) around.

turn 2 : They are long strips of material that cover a wide area.

turn 2 : I see means in this context I understand

turn 2 : They are not going to do nothing while the obstruction is going on.


Well - so these agents actually do, from my experience, from my research, find themselves connected with the people that they encounter. But for many of them, this job is not necessarily about stopping immigration. This isn't about their dedication to immigration law or their dedication to keeping migrants from crossing the border illicitly or anything like that. This is about economic self-interest. This is about survival.

Because a lot of the Border Patrol agents are recruited from the border areas, and many of the border areas are very economically depressed.

Yeah, exactly. And so we might look at this - and that's, I think, what's so tragic about this kind of broader story, is that the stories of the Latinos who enter immigration law enforcement parallel so strongly the stories of the men and women who are trying to come to this country and willing to do anything to get here in order to provide for their own families.

But Border Patrol is there to enforce the United States' borders, which is important for any country. Borders are places where lots of things happen - some of it criminal. How would you enforce a border then?

turn 2 : You may not actually want to be here.

turn 2 : what do you want from the US that implies they want freedom from the other country

turn 2 : please provide me with the turn you want me to analyze for the implied meaning.

turn 2 : "and willing to do anything to get here" implies "are desperately trying to get here".

turn 2 : you've got the whole thing likely means that they have everything needed to succeed.


Yeah. Yeah, I was. I got given "The Hobbit" to read on the set of "About A Boy," actually - by the directors, the Weitz brothers. So I read that then and really loved it, obviously. It's a magical world to disappear into. And then I was a fan of the films. They came out when - I think I was about 13, 14.

Exact age when this is the good stuff to be reading and watching.

Oh, I was prime, yeah, for that.

(Laughter).

turn 2 : I was prime, meaning I was the ideal age to appreciate and enjoy the book.

turn 2 : The author included difficult experiences in the book for a reason.

turn 2 : The content of the book is humorous and not meant to be taken seriously.

turn 2 : The phrase "central to the book you've written" in this context does not literally mean that the book is physically located in the center, but rather that the kidnapping plays a major and important role in the narrative of the book. Similarly, the phrase "well into middle age" does not refer to a specific age range or point in time, but rather a general time period when someone is considered to be middle-aged.


The government sets the interest rates and so the banks can make a lot money. And if you're a Chinese person, you can't really get much of your capital out of the country. So where else are you going to put it?

One of the problems with the banks is that they tend to invest in state-owned enterprises. It's kind of part of their job, and it's less risky. But most of the jobs in China are really produced by private enterprise, as they are here in the United States. And it's much harder for them to get capital. So people are, in many ways, feelings that the economy is out of whack in a number ways and that there need to be some serious changes. The government knows this, but there are now very strong vested interests in state-owned enterprises and the banks. And so getting that done is not going to be easy politically.

And even some of those big industries who are in the, I guess, the equivalent of a China's Pittsburgh, the Steel City, and a couple of vast enterprises there, well, they've gone under.

The over-capacity in the steel is extraordinary, and the debt now is over $400 billion. It's actually owned by steel companies largely to Chinese banks. And it's going to take years to work through that over-capacity.

turn 0 : Chinese citizens have limited investment options due to government regulations

turn 0 : The people of Hong Kong are not willing to trade their freedom for economic growth offered by China's government.

turn 0 : The extradition law may result in Chinese state kidnapping.

turn 0 : Chinese people face restrictions on moving their capital out of the country


turn 1 : China is willing to support North Korea's terrible regime to prevent its collapse and the horrible situation that might ensue

turn 1 : China is trying to negotiate the best possible deal while doing as little as possible to please Trump.

turn 1 : China did not want to commit to difficult structural changes in their economy in writing because it would look like a concession to the Chinese people.

turn 1 : The Chinese economy is not balanced and requires serious changes

turn 1 : CHINA IS GOING TO BE COMPETITION AS FAR AS IT'S ADVANCEMENTS IN THEIR ECONOMY


turn 3 : CHINA IS GOING TO BE COMPETITION AS FAR AS IT'S ADVANCEMENTS IN THEIR ECONOMY

turn 3 : The decision to let Lehman Brothers fail was a key factor in the credit market freeze

turn 3 : The situation in Chinese factories is dire with many factories closed and workers losing their jobs, including millions of migrant workers.

turn 3 : China did not want to commit to difficult structural changes in their economy in writing because it would look like a concession to the Chinese people.

turn 3 : Chinese steel industry's overcapacity and debt are significant problems


Absolutely. And, you know, so I asked this about luck too. And he said, yes, well, we have to take what we can get, but it turns out that Comet Ison is headed towards the sun in November. So they're hoping for another batch of data coming up this fall, something to keep an eye out for, he said, because it's going to look really full too, even for us.

For us. That's supposed to be a super comet we'll see with the naked eye up in the sky.

Yeah.

So this comet actually was not gobbled up by the sun. It was - it's made its journey and went back out again.

turn 3 : A: (Singing) There'll be a little black spot on the sun that day.  The actual meaning of this turn is different from its literal meaning. It is a reference to a song by The Police, and is being used metaphorically to describe the transit of Venus, which will appear as a small black dot moving across the face of the sun.

turn 3 : B is being sarcastic and dismissive about the sun.

turn 3 : Gobbled up is not literal. The comet would not be eaten by the sun, but would be burnt up by the sun's heat.

turn 3 : Sunflowers figured out how to follow the sun's movement.

turn 3 : The tremendous series of 21 impacts with our own eyes when Shoemaker 9 hit Jupiter was a comet.


Do you ever get parents who say, well I don't really like the way you're approaching this, I don't believe that that the way you're approaching this is the best way for my child?Even if they brought their kids or they've had their kids kind of come on a field trip.

We've had very few people who have said that. We have people who have left suggestions of how we can do things better, which we really want. But the focus groups that we conducted with parents before - as we were putting this exhibit together at school sites around the country, it was very clear. They were hungry for us to do something that would allow them to help explain to their children why people look different, what the concept of race is and more importantly, how people of all different backgrounds can get along in the school site.

Give me a very concrete example of something that you have in the exhibit. Describe to us one thing.

We have a wheel, color wheel, and we ask students to find their color on the color wheel. And this is the place where we talk about the history of skin color and why people have different skin color. And it has a lot to do with how humans migrated out of Africa over the, you know, past 20,000, 50,000 years. Anyway, they find themselves, and then they look at ranges of people from around the world who look like them. And it's a big a-ha moment.

turn 1 : The school is diverse despite being majority minority

turn 1 : The speaker faces racial discrimination and stereotypes from both white and black people.

turn 1 : The kids will begin to think of ideas as they explore on their own.

turn 1 : The exhibit helps parents teach their kids about diversity


turn 3 : The speaker is concerned about their biracial children feeling pressure to choose between their racial identities.

turn 3 : This implies that there is a racial component to the exploitation of student-athletes.

turn 3 : The exhibit helps students realize people of different races can get along.

turn 3 : The speaker is worried that their work may contribute to the stereotype that black people are oversexualized.

turn 3 : A reflects on his childhood experiences of racism and isolation as the only black kid.


Well, it definitely leaves him - I'd say in the immediate sense, it leaves him with a very tarnished reputation. I mean, this is somebody who appeared on the scene in 2015, taking up one file after another, everything from military to economy to oil policy. I mean, he's really collected everything.

He had charmed a lot of people in the United States as somebody who was finally going to change this kingdom from its strict Islamic way of doing things. And this has really taken a lot of the shine off. I think a lot of people have really sort of wondered, you know, is this somebody who's actually - has good enough judgment to wield the kind of power that he's wielding inside this incredibly important country in the Middle East?

Yeah. Well, looking at that, I mean, we are seeing increasingly strident rhetoric coming from Washington on the war in Yemen. The crown prince is very, very involved in that war. What's going on?

When his father became king in 2015, he was soon named defense minister, and the war started right after that. So this has been his war from the beginning. And it's really just been a disaster throughout. I mean, at the beginning, he and other Saudi officials were telling their American counterparts this was only going to last a few weeks.

turn 0 : They thought he was a joke or not a serious person

turn 0 : Despite differences, he saw the good in all people.

turn 0 : He is a guy that sees positive outcomes in times of trouble. He has the ability to not think about the impact some lawsuits have.

turn 0 : The behavior was unacceptable to what the people would accept.

turn 0 : What people think of him has lessened due to the situation.


Well, we have very large ones - gorillas are our largest - all the way down to Cotton-top Tamarins, which are probably about a pound.

You've been there for quite a few hours already. How's the day going so far?

My morning has been fairly busy. I went down to our gorilla area. We have a gorilla that has some teeth issues, and we were brushing her teeth. We did a dental rinse on her and getting them ready to go out in their habitat for the day. And I went early this morning to our Mandrill building and was checking the exhibit. We're doing some rehab work and mandrills went out for the first time in several months.

Mandrills is a type of animal?

turn 0 : a pound refers and implies to a body weight and not one British pound

turn 0 : 50 pounds  implies a weight and not referring to 50 British pounds

turn 0 : 160 pounds implies the body weight and not referring to money or 160 British pounds

turn 0 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer


Mandrills is a type of animal?

turn 0 : The speaker disagrees with the other person's argument.

turn 0 : The speaker is expressing amusement at the topic being discussed.

turn 0 : All the turns in this conversation appear to have their literal meanings, and there are no metaphors, figurative language or idioms used.

turn 0 : The speaker is referring to different sizes of primates.


Yeah.

(Reading) Bridgette McNeal, the Atlanta mother of four, has been on Second Life for just over a decade. Though Bridgette is middle-aged, her avatar is a lithe twenty-something whom she describes as perfect me, if I'd never eaten sugar or had children. When we spoke, Bridgette described her Second Life home as a refuge that grants permission. When I step into that space, I'm afforded the luxury of being selfish, she said, invoking Virginia Woolf. It's like a room of my own.

I mean, there are so many reasons to love this woman. Her real everyday life is so difficult. She's raising two disabled children. What did you feel when you talked to Bridgette McNeal?

I felt so much. The idea of constructing these online selves that we prefer in certain ways to our real selves is really relevant to so many people. And for Bridgette, I was fascinated by her daily life. She's raising four kids, two of whom are autistic teenagers, and there's a lot of joy and meaning in those relationships and also a lot of hard work.

turn 1 : She hopes people find a way to read the book that she has written.

turn 1 : She creates lines of written work in stories that sound good and have a great deal of emotion. Also, the way she writes her stories has a great deal of meaning.

turn 1 : She began to act like and say things like the author, Virginia Woolf.

turn 1 : She wrote very close to what happened in her own life.

turn 1 : how she became herself implies the story of her discovery and success


So it's sort of the end of era, then, for all of us who have seen him and visited the Galapagos and got to watch him poke around a little bit. It's sort of the end of an era.

It is definitely the end of an era, and everyone down here on last Sunday, when we got the news, it was a very difficult time for all of us both for the individual Lonesome George and for the fact that we lost this subspecies forever.

It also was an interesting thing here because it kind of reinforced the importance of the work we do and the future and trying to ensure that no other species or subspecies are lost in Galapagos. And the timing itself is interesting, as we have an international workshop planned for next week that is convened by the Galapagos National Park and part-organized by Galapagos Conservancy to discuss the tortoise situation on all of the islands and look at the next 10 years of research and management leading to better tortoise population restoration throughout the archipelago.

Have you been able to restore the populations to any extent?

turn 2 : In turn (3), the speaker uses the word "hunting" to refer to the killing of tortoises, but this word carries a connotation of hunting for sport or pleasure, rather than the more utilitarian and exploitative meaning of the word as used in the context of the Galapagos tortoise population. Additionally, the speaker uses the phrase "all alone up there" to describe George's isolation on his island, when in fact the actual location of the island is not specified and the use of the phrase "up there" is a colloquial expression that does not convey any specific location or orientation.

turn 2 : "it kind of reinforced the importance of the work we do and the future and trying to ensure that no other species or subspecies are lost in Galapagos." This turn has a metaphorical meaning. It means that the death of Lonesome George highlighted the significance of preserving endangered species and preventing their extinction.

turn 2 : (3), "It seems good here to remember the words that President Roosevelt said after the sinking, quote, 'our enemies have given us the chance to prove that there will be another USS Houston and yet another USS Houston, if that becomes necessary. And still another USS Houston, as long as American ideals are in jeopardy.'"  The literal meaning is simply a quote from President Roosevelt about the USS Houston and its crew. However, the implied meaning is that the quote represents the resilience and determination of the American people in the face of adversity and how they will continue to fight for their ideals even in the most difficult of circumstances. It is a call to action and a reminder of the sacrifices made by those who fought for their country.

turn 2 : The literal meaning: The speaker mentions that they discuss this as a significant starting point or origin for the book. The implied meaning: The speaker suggests that this event plays a crucial role in shaping the themes or direction of the book.

turn 2 : The implied meaning is that the demise of all people on earth is not a reason to be optimistic.


turn 3 : "Have you been able to restore the populations to any extent?" This turn has a literal meaning. It asks whether any progress has been made in increasing the population of the tortoises.

turn 3 : "out of danger" - This implies that the populations of the tortoises are no longer threatened or endangered, rather than just not in immediate danger.

turn 3 : "released back to that island through the reproduction program" - This implies that young tortoises were bred in captivity and then reintroduced to the wild on the island of Espanola to increase the population, rather than just physically released.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: Dr. Yphnatides is being asked to think about what changes should be made in the future to prevent another outbreak like this.


President Obama says he wants to close the U. S.  detention center at Guantanamo Bay during his final year in office, just as he said he wanted to close it his first year, too. The president and his supporters say Republicans in Congress prevented him from doing that. But a new book presents original essays from 14 lawyers who represented some of the detainees, and many of those attorneys hold the Obama administration responsible, too.

They say that once in power, the administration found it convenient to have a place in which to park people it suspects of being terrorists without charge or trial. Reportedly, there are now about 80 detainees in Guantanamo. The book is "Obama's Guantanamo: Stories From An Enduring Prison. "It's edited by Jonathan Hafetz associate professor of law at Seton Hall. He joins us from New York. Thanks so much for being with us.

Great to be here.

Seems to be a lot of disappointment and even some anger in this book.

turn 3 :  implies that something else is going on behind the scenes that is not typical of director changes, (3) implies that the Obama-era appointee was trying to protect the agency in an unconventional way, and (4) implies that the White House is attempting to justify their side of the argument by citing the law.

turn 3 : The speaker is implying that the initial positive buzz surrounding the book was overshadowed by the negative review and the controversy that followed.

turn 3 : This implies that the book contains criticisms and negative opinions about the Obama administration's handling of Guantanamo Bay detainees.

turn 3 : The author included difficult experiences in the book for a reason.

turn 3 : This statement implies that President Trump is skeptical of the CIA's findings and is seeking irrefutable evidence before taking action.


One sergeant in the Green Berets told you - and this gives you some sense of the intensity of what went on - I've never seen that many rocket-propelled grenades in my career.

That's correct. He's an 11-year veteran of the Green Beret team, so he's pretty much seen it all in Iraq and Afghanistan. And he said it was almost, you know, cinematic. This particular attack seemed so highly orchestrated that they just felt like, you know - that they were throwing everything that they could at them.

Why weren't the Afghan military forces in Ghazni able to repel this Taliban attack?

The local forces had communication problems. They weren't able to really strategize about how to beat back the Taliban forces. They were overwhelmed in a lot of ways, despite the fact that they're flush with U. S. -supplied weaponry, at that. There were reports of Afghan military firing on their own forces, as well as American convoys. And there were reports that they had delivered the wrong supplies to police departments that were in desperate need of more ammunition. So really, what it came down to was that they needed the U. S.  Special Forces and Afghan commandos, which is special forces of sorts for the Afghans, to be able to have strategy, to be able to communicate with one another and to be able to act in concert rather than these sort of disparate skirmishes.

That adds up to a pretty damning appraisal of the Afghan military's readiness.

turn 0 : The blue ASU uniform is not recognizable to the public and the Army is trying to change that by making it resemble the uniforms from World War II-era that people recognize from movies.

turn 0 : The military council is not trustworthy and will not allow observers to carry out their job

turn 0 : they are trying to imply they want peace not war instead

turn 0 : The green berets are a military organization that wears green berets.

turn 0 : it is a metaphorical field, it just means there are not as many candidates running for the election as there was in the past because some decided not to continue running


turn 1 : The attack looked so perfect, like something straight out of the movies.

turn 1 : The disaster was so immense and overwhelming that it was hard to comprehend.

turn 1 : The tactics used were very dangerous and deadly to the protestors.

turn 1 : Implies that the situation is incredible and shocking, rather than simply saying that it is amazing.


turn 3 : They had a large amount of weapons from the United States.

turn 3 : They were in the middle of the highest tensions between the two countries.

turn 3 : They used ammunition to make their way into the city.

turn 3 : (4) Implies that by delaying action, the U.S. appears to be tolerating the use of chemical weapons.

turn 3 : It tells about developed our nation and innovoted lot of things


Meanwhile, they put in 40 gigawatts of coal. So renewables are great, but for the developing world, they're still too expensive. And so China and India are going the way they can afford. We can't criticize them for that, and we can't afford to subsidize them. So the switch to natural gas I think is absolutely essential for the next several decades.

All right, thank you very much, it's been enlightening to talk to you, and hope that you'll be back when you've got new data to share with us.

We'd be happy to come back any time, Ira.

Richard Muller, thank you. He's author of "Energy for Future Presidents: The Science Behind the Headlines. "He's also senior scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. And we're going to take a break, and when we come back, we're going to talk about planetary science of another kind, a trip to Mars.

turn 0 : China sees renewable energy as a future economic opportunity, which can be exported and reduce environmental impact.

turn 0 : The topic of energy is crucial to our world's future and has significant impacts on policy decisions, including war.

turn 0 : Renewable energy is still too expensive for developing countries

turn 0 : Economic policies like bio-fuel increase fuel cost and food prices, leading to global crisis.

turn 0 : Selling off natural resources makes the economy in a country worse than before.


You know, I would say those days coaching were some of the best days of my life. Internally, we were really solid, you know, from the players to the coaches. They were all very supportive. I think the skeptics came, a lot of the times as they do, from the outside looking in. They saw us as being very different, you know, men working with women. And what they didn't realize is that we were more alike than we were different. We were alike in the game and in what we had dedicated to be great. And those guys knew everything about me and my story before I got there, right?Like, they were literally like, coach, we watched your game film. Like, you are a beast off the edge, like - and they couldn't believe that I had played a season against guys, like, getting tackled by guys their size. And there was definitely an energy within the team that it was something very special, and those guys were proud to be a part of history.

There's been a lot of focus on the culture for women in the NFL. I'm thinking particularly of the Ray Rice scandal, and what can be perceived as a tolerance for abuse by male players. Does that make it harder for women, do you think?

Well, you know, I think in - let's like back out of that for a second, right?

OK.

turn 0 : Despite being the champions, the female players were not given the same bonus as the male players, showing the inequality in the sport industry.

turn 0 : The female players were not given proper uniforms, showing the lack of resources and support for the female national team.

turn 0 : They had a hard time coming up with something that would amaze and impress people.

turn 0 : Men tend to focus only on outcomes, prefer win-lose scenarios and have commanding leadership style, unlike women who are more inclusive and interactive

turn 0 : The team faced challenges due to gender differences, but overcame them with unity and dedication.


Yeah.

Even the CIA's, like, getting this information. I imagine it's like the details that are the stuff that really make it pop, right?So can you give us an example of some of the details that you get about the personal life and interests of the dignitaries he may meet?

Sure. So as you can imagine, politics is about relationships and personalities. And so every leader has their own lifestyle, their own favorite things to do, their own personal interests. And so we endeavor to find out what those are. So for example, I'll take a meeting that happened between President George W.  Bush and Prime Minister Koizumi of Japan. Koizumi was a huge Elvis fan.

(Laughter).

And we learned that, and we knew that. And so the president decided, let's take Prime Minister Koizumi to Graceland. So they flew to Memphis. . .

Wow.

turn 2 : The Saudi foreign minister might not be actually standing next to the U.S. Secretary of State, but figurately.

turn 2 : The website provides personal and political information about people based on their address, which may be an invasion of privacy.

turn 2 : So you think there's more to be known about this mission and about U.S. operations in that area of the world?" Implicated meaning: The speaker believes that there is additional information or details that have not been disclosed regarding the mentioned mission and broader U.S. operations in that region.

turn 2 : He is a reliable source of information and is knowledgeable and qualified and what he says can be trusted.

turn 2 : Knowing personal details about foreign dignitaries is important for diplomacy


So one of the most famous stories about Julie takes place at a royal ball, at the Palais Royal. She attended in men's clothes. She often dressed in men's clothes, in the way that Katharine Hepburn dressed in men's clothes, not pretending to be a man, just, that was her style. And she saw a young woman on the dance floor, beautiful young woman, and she kissed her. Everyone gasped. And three men, one after another, three noblemen challenged her to a duel. So she said to them, one after another, yes, I'll meet you outside at midnight. Fought them, one after another, beat them all and then returned to the ball.

(Laughter) Just another night at the palace.

As you do, that's right. And, you know, that really sealed her reputation as a wild, uncontained woman who just did not care about any of the protocols.

Yeah. And how important was historical accuracy to you as a novelist?

turn 1 : B's laughter does not have a literal meaning but is likely a response to something humorous or lighthearted in the conversation.

turn 1 : The implied meaning is that A is inquiring about the details surrounding B's special person.

turn 1 : B finds something amusing or funny, but it's not clear what

turn 1 : A is trying to add some humor to the conversation

turn 1 : In context, B's response "Just another night at the palace" is a sarcastic comment and doesn't actually mean that it was a typical night at the palace. Instead, it implies that the situation was unusual and scandalous, but B is making light of it with humor.


turn 1 :  "Just another night at the palace" is an idiomatic expression used to suggest that the situation described is not unusual or surprising. It does not mean that such events commonly occur at the palace.

turn 1 : This turn does not mean that the speaker is proposing to explain that they slept in motels, but rather that they are suggesting to mention it as an additional piece of information to the conversation, which is a different meaning than the literal one.

turn 1 : All the turns in this conversation appear to have their literal meanings, and there are no metaphors, figurative language or idioms used.

turn 1 : There are no idiomatic expressions or figurative language in this turn.


What's the diet?

Yeah. I mean, are you juicing five minutes an hour or. . .

No, there isn't any particular diet, particular training. I know I made a training video, but it was just a spoof of the Rocky Montage training. So rather than knocking out an opponent, my job was to knock out the kettle.

Oh, my word. Well, you know, I'd vowed to stay away from this, but I have to ask. So you've seen "Guys and Dolls"?

turn 1 : (5) Refers to asking if the new food is good or too strong in terms of alcoholic content.

turn 1 : It is not chopped but divided bluntly into increments.

turn 1 : Are you juicing five minutes an hour means are you juicing (eating fruits or vegetables in liquid form) for five minutes every hour?

turn 1 : (2) implies that A has a very tiring day in the lab and wants to finish the work quickly and go home.


Oh.

. . . You know, for the courts to go through. And maybe this issue will come all the way to the Supreme Court. Car companies, they need at least five years certainty to design a car, and they don't have that. So unless there is an agreement with California, they're going to find themselves dealing with uncertainty, which means, you know, lack of stability for the industry as a whole. It's pretty bad for the companies.

To what degree, is it your impression, automakers see the reduction of pollution as part of their responsibility in this country now?

Well, you know, clearly, what they will tell you is that they care about climate change. But also, they're worrying about competitiveness. Back in 2012, when we set the standards for cars, the U. S.  was ahead of every other country. China is doing better than us now and so is Europe. So companies realize that the way forward is to invest on advanced technologies, like electric vehicles. And if they don't, they're going to stay behind, and they're going to lose the competitiveness in the marketplace.

turn 1 : Car companies need at least five years certainty to design a car, but without an agreement with California, they will have to deal with uncertainty, which means instability for the industry as a whole.

turn 1 : Car companies want to know the future regulations to plan ahead

turn 1 : The Big Three auto companies are facing financial difficulties.

turn 1 : The car czar should not be the only answer to the auto industry's problems; loans should be offered, but with strict conditions.

turn 1 : So California has been where innovation has been occuring and tested.


My pleasure, Scott.

And what seems to be the latest there?

Well, we had a night of very heavy air raids last night and it pushed the death toll from the low 20s up to around 40 - essentially doubling it in one night. We're now in the fourth day of what the Israelis have dubbed Operation Cloud Pillar. Last night, the air raids hit the headquarters of Hamas Prime Minister Ismail Haniyeh. Some other official houses were targeted. They also hit tunnels running under the border with Egypt, which are used to smuggle in weapons and fuel. Also, some electric power plants were hit, plunging some of southern Gaza into darkness.

And how are Hamas leaders responding?

turn 1 : Implies that the speaker is asking for the other person's opinion about the political implications of the current situation.

turn 1 :  (2) implies that B is wondering what the latest news or developments are in the situation,

turn 1 : is asking for the president's statement today, but the actual meaning is asking for an update on the situation.

turn 1 : The implied meaning is that A is inquiring about the details surrounding B's special person.


It took a toll on my self-confidence, my decision making. I think he preyed on the fact that I was very naive. And so for me as being a powerful person, having gone and believed in myself and gotten to the "Today" show and had all of these people, producers, talent believing in me - and then he only seeing the physical side of me and only wanting that out of me. It shattered my confidence. So I couldn't focus on my job at all as I was trying to start my journalism career.

Since you went public with what happened, has anyone at NBC reached out to you?

I have not heard one peep from anyone in management at NBC. Of course, I have heard from several colleagues, staffers at the "Today" show who I knew and used to work with - Ann Curry, dear, dear friend of mine - but no one from management. Nobody has called to ask me questions about how it happened and what our communication for the last 17 years - how we've managed it.

Do you have confidence that NBC can really change its culture with that being true - what you just said - that they haven't even reached out to you?

turn 2 : The management at NBC did not reach out to the speaker despite their public testimony of harassment.

turn 2 : The speaker was misled into attending a meeting under false pretenses.

turn 2 : (1) implies that the speaker wants to know what happened to the news organizations that weren't permitted in the briefing,

turn 2 : The speaker is not providing information about how to complete a blank, but rather communicating to his interlocutor that they need to be careful about what they say since they are on NPR.


For most of the dogs, we've probably gone from a ratio of 80% used to be trained on marijuana to now, we've reversed that to where only 20% have any marijuana training on them. So the limiting factor of now having a dog that is trained in marijuana - it is no longer utilized for a probable-cause warrant or sniff. It would probably be changing the role to just locating marijuana, whether it would be in a house or a car, after you've already established probable cause. So it's certainly limited the use of those dogs.

So my understanding is that before this, police dogs weren't trained to differentiate between types of drugs.

No. Now we're just going to go to most of the dogs will not have any marijuana training in them whatsoever. The primary purpose for most of the marijuana sniffs is now administrative - that will be through jails, schools and other types of locations that are federally funded and still illegal. The only thing this will do - it's going to hasten the retirement of those 20% or less that still are marijuana-trained in our state because of the fact that they're not able to utilize them for full functions.

Does this create conflict between state officers and federal law enforcement officers?Because obviously, on the federal level, marijuana is still illegal. And you obviously have federal law enforcement in your state. Is there any conflict there?

turn 2 : Authorities are not present to regulate illegal border crossings.

turn 2 : No dogs is trained in marijuana because it is a illegal.

turn 2 : The speaker believes that the current policing system is irreparable.

turn 2 : The speaker is implying that some law enforcement professionals may be resistant to gathering and analyzing data on animal abuse because they view it as an added bureaucratic burden. This suggests that the speaker believes that some law enforcement officials may be unwilling to take the issue of animal abuse seriously or prioritize it as a potential indicator of violent behavior.

turn 2 : In turn (4), the speaker is not actually asking if the study is disproving the old rule of thumb that one dog year is equivalent to seven human years. Rather, they are asking if the study is more complex and nuanced than that oversimplified rule, and if it takes into account factors such as genetics and environment in determining a dog's age.


The bank says that, you know, it had nothing to do with who the Saudi Committee chose to give money to. And they said that they vetted all of the organizations and individuals against these international lists of designated terrorists and that there were no red flags.

How does it happen that a U. S.  court even has jurisdiction in this?

This is the first case under the Anti-Terrorism Act. And the reason it's being tried here is because again it's a federal - it's a U. S.  federal law. And many of the payments that we're talking about were processed through the New York-based operations of Arab Bank. So in order to clear payments, some of these transactions are routed through branches in the U. S.  And so that's where you get jurisdiction.

Jessica, are there implications for the banking industry in this case?

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker might be implying a hidden agenda or ulterior motive behind their words, actions, or decisions, without making it explicit.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be hinting at a deeper meaning or intention behind their words or actions, which requires further investigation or understanding to fully grasp.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be expressing a subtle hint or suggestion, rather than stating something directly.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker is making a subtle suggestion or insinuation that others may pick up on, but without being too direct or forceful.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be expressing their dissatisfaction or disappointment in a subtle or indirect way, rather than stating it directly.


Only 34 percent of the voters went to the polls this week. Isn't that usually the kind of election in which a well-financed campaign with a good ground campaign is supposed to win?

That's the way it's been rigged for years. For years, the reason Chicago had a municipal election - not a primary - and put it in February when people were too frozen to leave their homes was to guarantee the installation - or reinstallation - of the incumbent. So this goes against all of that conventional wisdom.

Still, Mayor Emanuel just has to get another five percent of the vote. Does this runoff on April 7 look like a real election now?

Yes, it does. And the reason it does is that it's not the only activity and sort of fire burning in the city. We have a record number of runoffs. As you know, we have 50 aldermen. Nineteen of them didn't make it directly into a victory. They are going to runoffs, and they are the insurgents. They are the so-called progressives. They're the people that Emanuel's forces formed a PAC to try to reduce the numbers of. And so there's a lot of activity in wards, and it all speaks to this overall issue of voter discontent.

turn 1 : the turn "out of control" in (2) is an idiomatic expression that means something is unmanageable or chaotic. Its actual meaning is different from its literal meaning, which would be that the person's weight was physically out of their control.

turn 1 : The rigged witch hunt is something that is fixed so that a person looks guilty of something when they are not.

turn 1 : In turn (2), the speaker is describing the use of oversized slingshots in a conflict to throw pipe bombs farther than they would normally be able to reach. The literal meaning is a description of the physical objects and their use, but the implied meaning is the unusual and desperate measures taken in a violent conflict.

turn 1 : Kicked into high gear isn't literal. It's a phrase meaning the investigations started to produce some results and seemed likely to produce more.

turn 1 : (2) A: "That's the way it's been rigged for years." - The actual meaning is that the system has been intentionally manipulated or controlled in favor of certain individuals or groups for a long time, rather than simply describing a physical or mechanical rigging.


turn 3 : The actual meaning of turn 3 is that Bernie Sanders has gained popular support and this popular support should be taken into account rather than just looking at the math.

turn 3 : implies a contrast between the two parties and the different ways that they conduct their caucuses.

turn 3 : Implies that the speaker would like to see further reforms beyond what is suggested by Speaker Ryan.

turn 3 : The implied meaning of this turn is that there is a large number of progressive candidates running in the runoff election, and Mayor Emanuel's political action committee is trying to reduce their numbers.


I didn't think this was going to go so immediately to the sex life of plants. But, apparently, that's where we're headed. I mean, why, though, has modern fruit become as sugary as it has?

Well, one of the main dates to remember here is 1930, which is when the United States passes the Plant Patent Act. And from that point forward, the idea is we're trying to encourage farmers to actually manipulate those plants and to make them sweeter and to make them fatter and also to make them seedless, to take their sex away. In fact, what's happening is that when you actually take the sex drive of a plant away, when you take away its seeds, it actually puts more energy into getting fat and sweet.

When you read about how fruit has impacted these zoo animals, were you surprised?

No, not at all. I mean, as I say, for years now, we've been lobbying these natural varieties of almost everything about them except their sweetness. You look at a watermelon. There is no seedless watermelon that's full of just bright red, luscious fruit. There's nothing like that found in nature. The tomatoes you find in nature are tiny and tasteless. The apples you find in nature are - almost all of them are spitters. People don't realize that everything that we're seeing in the supermarket, they're like superstars. They're like supermodels and elite athletes like LeBron James. That's what we're looking - at the supermarket.

turn 3 : The fruit is not a supermodel, it is just the perfect, good looking one of the crop.

turn 3 : the fruit isn't actual superstars; they aren like supermodels and elite athletes like LeBron James;

turn 3 : going to be fruitful implies that it will be successful, the goals achieved and not referring to fruits from the trees

turn 3 :  The actual meaning of this turn is that professional athletes should take advantage of the opportunities they have and make the most of them, because they may not get the same opportunity again.


So, if you wanted that kind of information, you certainly could have got it. And we know also that news delivery by old media in those days was much better than it is now. We're used to thinking of newspapers as I think, relatively poky. In those days, newspapers being sort of high-tech, there were lots of more them.

They came more often during the day. They were quite cheap, and there are some relatively reliable studies that show that the average urban-dwelling American probably had read two papers a day.

I wonder about this, how did people in the Great Depression think about the Great Depression especially in the early days, because they didn't have the Great Depression to hearken back to that their parents or grandparents had told them about?

Yeah, well, this is an excellent question. First of all, the thing that they looked back to if they wanted to think back to a time of real hardship, it would have been the depression of the early 1890s, which was about as close to them as the depression is to us, but closer actually. So, in the 1890s, you had upwards of 20 percent unemployment.

turn 1 : Reading two papers a day was common among urban Americans.

turn 1 : As a journalist, you've been observing the border.

turn 1 : The times have changed a lot in society and it is noticeable.

turn 1 : The books were released on inauguration day may have been significant

turn 1 : People start to stop thinking of anything while driving.


So they set up a system of community courts - without lawyers - to sort of repurpose a system that really had only been used for small claims mitigation in traditional Rwanda, called gacaca, and have open, communal - what we might call a town hall - format for trials. And then the idea was to hold people accountable and have a system of punishment. And this system banked very heavily on encouraging confession and rewarding it. But the confessions were supposed to be also verified by the community.

And what was the specific role of the victims or their surviving family members?They had to be there. And then, after verifying a certain account, were they expected to then make a public state of forgiveness or reconciliation?

They weren't necessarily in a position to verify. Many of them knew that so-and-so was always said to have killed their family members. But they weren't direct witnesses because, by virtue of their survival, that usually meant that they were either somewhere else or well-hidden or had escaped or. . .

Not present, yeah.

turn 2 : The verdict is a powerful landmark as genocide is difficult to prove in court

turn 2 : Survivors of the genocide did not have direct knowledge of the crimes committed against their family members.

turn 2 : Victims did not have any legal rights until recently.

turn 2 : They found out the information in an indirect way from people not involved.

turn 2 : The government is denying their involvement in the atrocities


You know, Salvini's popularity soared to almost 40%, thanks to his anti-immigrant policy. He wanted to take advantage of that to become the next government leader. But yesterday he received a stinging rebuke from Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte, who accused him of institutional recklessness that can lead to political uncertainty and financial instability. And one opposition leader accused Salvini of creating a climate of hatred that's led to a sharp rise in racist attacks against people of color.

OK. So tell us a little bit more about Salvini 'cause this guy is clearly freaking out the European Union in many ways.

Absolutely. You know, after his nationalist League Party formed this very unlikely alliance with the anti-establishment Five Stars Movement, which is the biggest party in parliament, Salvini quickly took over the government agenda. Five Stars went along with his tough anti-immigrant measures. They even approved his parliamentary immunity when Salvini was investigated for holding migrants hostage while not allowing them to disembark at an Italian port. And Five Stars never complained about Salvini's savage criticism of the European Union and its regulations, which he describes as a ball and chain on Italy's foot.

Italy's one of the EU's largest economies. Like some other populist-led countries, Salvini pushed his government to challenge the whole idea of European integration. And, you know, Salvini has also raised alarms with his language, which critics say echoes that of the fascist dictator Benito Mussolini.

Wow.

turn 0 : to move in direction in this context means to change something

turn 0 : "tapping the accelerator and tapping the brake" refers to the rate at which inflation is increased within this context.

turn 0 : "excessively high percentages of sales" - This turn's actual meaning is different from its literal meaning because "excessively high" means a lot or too much, but it is not necessarily related to a specific number or percentage.

turn 0 : soared in this context means to go up, or increase significantly.

turn 0 : wind up means to suddenly be in a situation.


Yeah. I think - again, after all these years, that's how I've expressed myself. And I always sort of would feel odd when people would describe, you know, singer-song - or what I do, really as confessional. I think that tends to often be said in the same sentence when you talk about singer-songwriters. And I never thought of it as something to confess but rather it's about how you express yourself.

There is those other events in your life. The pulmonary embolism must have scared you to death.

Mm-hmm. Terrifying.

And divorce almost as scary.

turn 1 : The shooting was a terrible tragedy and has left a lot of hurt and healing needed in the community.

turn 1 : The pulmonary embolism was a very scary experience for you.

turn 1 : The situation worsened after trying to treat it

turn 1 : The decision to turn back was a difficult one, but it was the right decision to protect your hands from potential damage.

turn 1 : The story is emotional and difficult to hear.


. . . Telling people to get the torches and the pitchforks. Look, I don't think that is going to happen. But this kind of precedent is dangerous. And it's really unnerving.

Who's alarmed by the - by Donald Trump's statement on this?Is it just - forgive me - the political chattering class, which, I guess - ostensibly of which we are both members. . .

(Laughter).

. . . And who he, Mr.  Trump, says are helping to rig the election with biased media coverage in any case?

turn 3 : (4) Implied meaning: Does Mr. Trump have the support to win the Republican nomination, or is it uncertain?

turn 3 : (4) Implied meaning: It is ironic that Donald Trump is accusing the political "chattering class" of rigging the election when both parties are part of the same class.

turn 3 : (4) Indicates that the speaker would use passive-aggressive tactics to undermine Donald Trump's confidence.

turn 3 : The implication is that the Republicans may have to use strong tactics to pass their agenda, even if it means having to pressure members of their own party.

turn 3 : implies a contrast between the two parties and the different ways that they conduct their caucuses.


It's just instinct.

It's just instinct.

I'm a photographer. I'm going to take a photograph.

Exactly. I'm thinking it's another person. Like, two people just passed me. I haven't identified him as a shooter until I looked through the lens. I didn't get scared - really scared until it was quiet, and I'm in the corner. And I'm assuming he's advancing at me and he's going to pass me. And I just kept saying to myself - I just kept praying just, please don't pass me; do not see me.

And it wasn't till I heard some voices saying, where did he go?Where did he go?And that's when a police officer across the street came into my field of view. And I could see him, and I was like, relieved, that if he's in the open, then the threat must be gone. So that's when I felt better about it.

You know, after police shot him, you were still working. You were still covering this. There are photos, I'm looking at online, where you are photographing the body on the ground. You were careful not to show his face. That's your training, too.

turn 3 : (4) implies disbelief or shock at A's response in the previous turn.

turn 3 : Take a shot means have a try in this context, not actually shoot someone

turn 3 : A describes his fear and relief during a shooting incident

turn 3 : shots implies the activities in a game and not referring to a gunshot

turn 3 : Implied meaning: Amused disbelief at the sudden change in the status quo.


Was he in uniform?I mean, was this a. . .

He was in plainclothes, just driving in plainclothes.

Not that that makes it any better but still.

Well, at least they weren't dumb enough to go up to a fully uniformed police chief. But, you know, it's one of those things where we got one of the worst crime problems because there is no rhyme or reason to some of the things that are happening. You've got elderly gentlemen being beaten up at gas stations and people being afraid to come out of their homes at 5 P. M. It's not everywhere and it's not every neighborhood but it's enough that it's becoming what people think about living in Detroit.

Rochelle, Halloween's coming up and in Detroit that could mean Devil's Night.

turn 3 : It is being implied that the criminals are having a difficult time.

turn 3 : The person wants to know where the crimes are not taking place and who is not getting hurt.

turn 3 : "Putting Detroit on the map" implies that through the journalist's work, Detroit is becoming well known.

turn 3 :  implies that the crime problem in Detroit is serious and that it has become a stereotype;


turn 4 : They are talking about the econominc troubles that are happening in Detroit.

turn 4 : implies that the Halloween season in Detroit is dangerous.

turn 4 : "Putting Detroit on the map" implies that through the journalist's work, Detroit is becoming well known.

turn 4 :  Implied meaning: There is a fear of the spread of Zika, malaria, cholera, and other diseases due to the lack of access to aid.


What happens to a city when a whole bunch of its residents get really rich really quickly?A lot of people in San Francisco are worried about that right now. The city's in the middle of a tech IPO boom. Lyft and Pinterest went public earlier this year. Stock in Uber begins trading tomorrow. Other big names plan to follow. And that means thousands of new millionaires in a city that's already one of the least affordable in the country. This week, Gordon Mar, who serves on the San Francisco Board of Supervisors, proposed a new payroll tax targeting IPOs. He says the tech boom of the past decade has been good for San Francisco, but there are downsides.

We've seen growing traffic congestion and gridlock on our streets due to the huge influx of new workers here in our city. We've seen a growing housing crisis, housing affordability crisis, to the point where the median rent right now for a one-bedroom apartment is $3,500 a month.

Unbelievable.

Yeah. And then sort of related to this, our homelessness crisis - tens of thousands of our community members continue to live unsheltered on the streets due just to the growing economic divide here in our city.

turn 0 : bunch of its residents implies many people living within the area

turn 0 : dozens of people implies a very large number of people

turn 0 : There are informal groups in the town that are not identified openly

turn 0 : bunch of others implies there are so many others available

turn 0 : There is a dangerous situation happening that requires people to seek shelter and take precautions.


Unbelievable.

turn 2 : Implies that the situation is incredible and shocking, rather than simply saying that it is amazing.

turn 2 : The actual meaning behind (3) is not just a simple expression of astonishment but also an acknowledgment of the amazement of the speaker.

turn 2 : The literal meaning of (2) is a simple expression of surprise, while the implied meaning is that the speaker is in awe of Steve Dalkowski's remarkable ability.

turn 2 : "Unbelievable" is an interjection commonly used to express surprise or disbelief. In this context, it is not meant to be taken literally, but rather as an expression of shock or disbelief in response to the high rent prices mentioned in turn 2.


Unbelievable.

turn 3 : The political divide between the Democratic and Republican parties is not the only divide that exists, there are divides within the two parties as well.

turn 3 : In (3), the speaker is using the phrase "bridges the gap" to describe the common experience of poverty that unites people across the country. The actual meaning is that poverty is a unifying force that brings people together despite their differences in geography, culture, or background.

turn 3 : 'he risks a kind of split within his party' means there is a possibility of division within the party, not literally splitting into two parts.

turn 3 : "economic divide" is a metaphorical expression used to refer to the growing gap between the wealthy and the poor in San Francisco. The term "divide" implies a separation or gap between two things, but in this context, it is not meant to be taken literally.

turn 3 : The economic situation will get worse, and it's uncertain how bad it will be.


But there is this some sense that, you know, the administration - others in the administration would like to fast-track it. There is a mechanism for doing that. I mean, do you have a specific message to Democrats?Because, as you know, with such a large - particularly with such a large presidential field, you've got all kinds of different opinions about international trade in that group. Do you know what I mean?So do you have a specific message to them about how to - you would like to see them proceed?

Yeah, we do. Look. NAFTA isn't broken. It's done exactly what it was meant to. It exploited workers in Mexico. It disrupted lives here. It's taken money out of our pockets, and it's put it in the hands of a few billionaires. So the solution just isn't a new NAFTA. It can't be rebranded or a sliver of change. The only answer is a strong enforceable mechanism for raising wages and protecting the rights of working people. This agreement is not yet there. It's no. And if they insist on trying to jam through this inferior, ineffective trade agreement that is nothing more right now than a-little-bit-better-NAFTA, then we would have to oppose it. And I think that we would have enough votes on both sides of the aisle to prevent it from becoming the law of the land.

That's Richard Trumka, president of the AFL-CIO. Mr.  Trumka, thanks so much for talking to us once again.

Thanks for having me on, I really appreciate it.

turn 1 : The current NAFTA agreement exploited workers, disrupted lives, and took money from people.

turn 1 : The government could acquire loans and make changes more easily.

turn 1 : The situation is much worse than ever before and people are starting to think about alternative options if their current job is not secured.

turn 1 : The workers are looking for more than just monetary benefits and want to ensure they are being treated fairly and have the right to negotiate their terms.

turn 1 : The human rights lawyers took up the case to end human trafficking and modern-day slavery.


At 18 years old, I moved from Charlotte to the mountains. And I've lived in Appalachia - in Jackson County, N. C.  - ever since. And it's the same thing here. You know, I think poverty - it's the same condition no matter where you're from. You know, I talked a little bit in that essay about that man from Baltimore saying desperation is a way of life.

This was a documentary on the BBC that was talking about poverty in Baltimore.

Yeah. I think anybody I grew up with could have said that. Anybody that I'm friends with now in Hazelwood, Haywood County, could say that. That's the reality of people who have nothing. They all know what it's like to miss a meal or to have the lights turned off or to have to decide - do I make my car payment, or do I pay my health insurance?That's a common theme that bridges the gap all across this country. And the unifying thing about that is poverty.

You also talk about addiction. The opioid crisis, as we know, is enormous right now. And you say that people just want to be listened to. What is the story that we aren't hearing?

turn 0 : In (1), the speaker is using the statement "poverty - it's the same condition no matter where you're from" to express the idea that poverty is a universal experience and can be found in any place or culture. The actual meaning is that poverty has a consistent impact on people's lives, regardless of their location.

turn 0 : The speaker is acknowledging the wealth of their country and how they have been living in luxury, but now they feel like beggars due to the sudden change in their circumstances.

turn 0 : In (4), the speaker talks about the possibility of a country with no poverty and states that it's not possible for everyone to avoid poverty. However, if they take the necessary actions, they could reduce poverty significantly. The implied meaning is that the speaker is committed to reducing poverty and improving economic opportunities for everyone.

turn 0 : "address the growing inequality crisis" - Literal meaning: to deal with the issue of inequality that is becoming more severe. Actual meaning: to take measures to reduce the gap between the rich and poor and provide support for those who are struggling.

turn 0 : In (1), the speaker talks about their life experiences, representing people who didn't have much and fighting against powerful corporate interests. The speaker believes that everyone should have the same opportunities and not have the ladder pulled out from behind them. The implied meaning is that hard work and fighting for justice can lead to success, and that it's important to ensure that everyone has equal opportunities.


turn 2 : In (1), the speaker talks about their life experiences, representing people who didn't have much and fighting against powerful corporate interests. The speaker believes that everyone should have the same opportunities and not have the ladder pulled out from behind them. The implied meaning is that hard work and fighting for justice can lead to success, and that it's important to ensure that everyone has equal opportunities.

turn 2 : In (3), the speaker is using the phrase "bridges the gap" to describe the common experience of poverty that unites people across the country. The actual meaning is that poverty is a unifying force that brings people together despite their differences in geography, culture, or background.

turn 2 : "economic divide" is a metaphorical expression used to refer to the growing gap between the wealthy and the poor in San Francisco. The term "divide" implies a separation or gap between two things, but in this context, it is not meant to be taken literally.

turn 2 : In (4), the speaker talks about the possibility of a country with no poverty and states that it's not possible for everyone to avoid poverty. However, if they take the necessary actions, they could reduce poverty significantly. The implied meaning is that the speaker is committed to reducing poverty and improving economic opportunities for everyone.


Yes, actually nine years ago, April 2007, I collapsed from sleep deprivation and hit my desk on the way down and broke my cheekbone. And that was my wake-up call in terms of changing my own life, understanding the science behind the need for sleep and also looking around and seeing how many millions of us are in similar states of perpetual exhaustion to the point where it becomes the new normal and we don't even notice it.

Isn't there a kind of macho, if you please, attached to lack of sleep or people who feel they only need a little sleep to function?

Oh, absolutely. You know, there is a tremendous braggadocio going on. I mean, I had dinner with a guy recently who bragged that he had only gotten four hours sleep the night before. And I didn't say it, but I thought, did you know this dinner would've been a lot more interesting if you had gotten five?

(Laughter).

turn 2 : Implied meaning: This turn's use of humor or sarcasm may indicate a deeper subtext or intention, highlighting the potential for indirect communication to convey complex messages.

turn 2 : Turn 4 has an implied meaning that conveys a sense of irony or humor. While the speaker's comment is framed as a joke and elicits laughter from their conversation partner, it also carries a serious message about the importance of getting enough sleep.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using humor or sarcasm to make a point or convey a message in a lighthearted way.

turn 2 : (4) implies that the speaker is being sarcastic or making a joke in response to the other person's comment.

turn 2 : The turns (2) and (4) are both expressions of laughter, which implies that the speaker is amused by the story being told, rather than the literal meaning of making a noise.


Happy birthday NASA. Fifty years old today. Wonder how that feels?A former NASA engineer thinks this now middle-aged agency should try something new. Solve the energy crisis by collecting solar power through a space-based energy system. He's Glenn Smith. He oversaw science and applications experiments for the international space station when he was at NASA. We spoke earlier about his proposal.

You have very large solar cells, solar rays in space, probably 22 thousand miles out, so it circles the earth at the same speed that the earth rotates. It stays above one spot on the earth, and you convert that electric power into microwaves, and you beam it down near cities where large amounts of power are used. Receives it, converts it back to electric energy and feeds it into the existing power grid.

And that wouldn't be dangerous to anyone who got in the way of that ray coming down, or airplanes flying by, or anything?

Well, I've got a lot of questions about that. But here's what we have. The highest power level of the beam is only about one-fifth of the energy density of summer sunlight at noon. One-fifth. Tests have been run on bees and birds twice that level and they haven't found any effects yet.

turn 1 : (2): Implied meaning: Would the energy companies be opposed to this idea?

turn 1 : Space-based energy system could potentially solve energy crisis.

turn 1 : The topic of energy is crucial to our world's future and has significant impacts on policy decisions, including war.

turn 1 : Being the dominant power in space can deter others from challenging us in that domain.

turn 1 : Moving to a different source of energy is necessary and a major difference between the two candidates


turn 3 : Moving to a different source of energy is necessary and a major difference between the two candidates

turn 3 : having an energy crash implies that a person runs out of energy all of a sudden.

turn 3 : Not taking action to prevent something harmful from happening is wrong.

turn 3 : The loop around the space station is a dangerous maneuver

turn 3 : The space-based energy system proposed is not dangerous for humans and animals.


Yeah. Everyone agrees that our prescription drug costs are too high - both right and left - you know, Democrat, Republican. It's one of the few points of information, points of fact that everyone agrees on. The problem is everyone disagrees on how best to tackle that. And there are a lot of forces that are resisting any change at all.

The bipartisan solution which Senator Klobuchar and Senator John McCain have proposed is allowing prescription drug imports from other countries, so we allow for a global competition in the sense of, you know, if everyone else is getting a better deal than us, why can't we buy our prescription drugs from there the same way we buy our, you know, refrigerators and cars?

Elisabeth Rosenthal, editor-in-chief of Kaiser Health News and author of "An American Sickness: How Health Care Became Big Business And How You Can Take It Back. "Thanks so much for being with us.

Thanks for having me.

turn 0 : A is advocating for social and political change.

turn 0 : They want to know if the seriousness of the situation makes the government appear to be bad to the public.

turn 0 : A implies that the process of political maneuvering can be absurd and comical to an outside observer.

turn 0 : A implies that while both political parties agrees that prescription drug costs are too high, they cannot find a common ground on how to address the issue.

turn 0 : Everyone is talking about something that no one can deny as everyone sees it. It might not upset people who like Bernie Sanders and make them want to vote for someone else.


Thanks for having me.

turn 1 : Despite medical advancement, limited treatment options force us to use outdated and toxic drugs.

turn 1 : The Trump administration wants drug companies to lower their prices.

turn 1 : The severity of the opioid crisis affects people of all backgrounds and has far-reaching consequences.

turn 1 : The drug epidemic is pervasive and affects people from all walks of life.

turn 1 : Everyone is aware that the issue of high prescription drug costs needs to be addressed, but there are opposing views on how to do so.


Thanks for having me.

turn 3 : (4) implies that Rachel Harvey is grateful for the opportunity to be a part of the conversation and she appreciates the invitation.

turn 3 : The conversation is coming to an end and Elisabeth Rosenthal is being thanked for her valuable insights.

turn 3 : This turn does not have an implied meaning different from its literal meaning. It is a straightforward expression of gratitude towards Laura Sydell, the NPR correspondent.

turn 3 : The actual meaning of turn 3 is "Thank you for joining us and providing information on the topic."

turn 3 : The interview or conversation is coming to an end and the speaker needs to conclude.


As you said in your introduction, she did play two definitive Southern belles, Scarlett O'Hara and Blanche DuBois. I guess also extraordinary that really, a classic English rose would play these two very famous roles in American literature. And I think both her accents are very convincing in both those films. But a number of her performances do continue into the modern age.

I think her life was relatively short. She died really at 53. But she certainly packed quite a lot in. I mean, she never stopped working, even after bouts of illness. She always was able to come back to work on stage and screen. And I think she really liked to play a variety of roles, and wanted to stretch herself as an actress.

Is there an item in the exhibit you would especially like to draw our attention to?

Well, what's been interesting for me is reading her correspondence with the film director Elia Kazan, who directed the film version of "Streetcar. "And she'd written a very, very long letter to him, really analyzing each scene and putting her thoughts down on paper. It begins with, "I am 5-foot-3 and a half tall in my bare feet, without shoes on" - which is rather sweet.

turn 1 : This statement implies that the actress was able to achieve a lot in her dedication to her craft and her desire to explore different roles in 53 years life.

turn 1 : how she became herself implies the story of her discovery and success

turn 1 : She was able to rise above her difficult circumstances and become a successful artist despite her hardships.

turn 1 : A implies that her knowledge of business helps her manage the financial aspects of her career as a comedienne.

turn 1 : She began to act like and say things like the author, Virginia Woolf.


Well, part of number two is to go and send swarms of Arkyd 300 spacecraft to these high targets that - high value targets. And then after number two, we'll choose the ones that we want to actually extract resources from. And then number three, phase three comes along, which is to go and extract those resources and deliver them to the point of need.

Good luck to you, Eric Anderson. I hope you get a webcam on those asteroids for us to follow along with you.

We will. Don't worry.

All right. Thanks for joining us.

turn 1 : Life is going to be a challenge due to reduced circumstances.

turn 1 : A is worried that he will face more difficulties in the upcoming games.

turn 1 : He does not have many ways to solve the problems as of yet.

turn 1 : He made a promise that was stressed by him and gave people the impression he would do it regardless of what happens.

turn 1 : Eric Anderson may encounter difficulties or challenges during his mission


We will. Don't worry.

All right. Thanks for joining us.

turn 2 : B is amused at the situation, showing empathy for the people who sent the probe.

turn 2 : A is confident about the success of the mission and reassures B

turn 2 :  (2) implies that B is wondering what the latest news or developments are in the situation,

turn 2 : B is impressed or surprised by what A said.


They are the showrunners.

That's right. And they were really, really supportive of it. They really liked it. So that made me feel good. And they really stood up for it. And they basically said, if you don't show it, then we're walking off the show. So the compromise was that a title card was put up, which, you know, may, in the end, have the same impact, or even greater impact than the spot itself. But, of course, personally, I would've liked people to have seen it.

Speaking of your animation, they said, we had concerns with some subject matter in the episode's animated short. This is the creative solution that we agreed upon with the producers. So you're a professional. Do you think this is a creative solution?

You know what?I don't know. I have to be kind of careful with what I say. I can kind of sympathize in a lot of ways with the decision they made 'cause I run my own business, and I'm pretty sort of pragmatic about, you know, decisions that are made. But I think it's just really kind of disappointing, if anything. And I think people would've really liked it.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be conveying a hidden message or agenda that requires further exploration or analysis to fully understand.

turn 1 : Although the literal meaning of this turn is simply an acknowledgement or agreement, the implied meaning behind it is that the speaker may not be fully engaged or interested in the conversation. It could be interpreted as a way of signaling disinterest or a desire to move on to a different topic.

turn 1 : The literal meaning of turn (2) is a question asking what the speaker can add to the race that other candidates do not already have. However, the actual meaning is that the speaker is being challenged to prove their value and justify their entry into the race. The literal meaning of the turn does not reflect the underlying challenge and skepticism expressed by the speaker.

turn 1 : implies that A is happy to be on the show;

turn 1 : The literal meaning of the turn only provides information about the showrunners, but the actual meaning involves the compromise and the speaker's feelings about it.


You know, I think that - I haven't been so inspired to do anything and get so involved since Clinton, you know, when I was working grassroots for that campaign. And for this, you know - I've always kept my work about hip-hop and jazz and the urban experience. My work is really about celebrating urban life. And to me, Obama represents that. He really does celebrate urban life and he's someone that's very relatable.

You have this beautiful picture in your book about a jazz quartet or quin. . .

Quintet.

Quintet. And although you're dealing with the hip-hop sensibility, you also - it's easy to see how it relates to a jazz and blues sensibility. Why did you do that work?

turn 3 : A is sharing a personal anecdote about how their parents met, which involves the jazz funk band Fungus Blues

turn 3 : the musicians actually created a spark in the speaker's imagination, but the figurative meaning is that the musicians inspired the speaker's creativity.

turn 3 : The cello plays a significant role in the album.

turn 3 : A is unhappy that their music is not receiving as much attention as other artists.2. B is trying to console A by mentioning that they have received praise from Vibe Magazine.

turn 3 : B is interested in the connection between jazz and hip-hop in A's work.


Do you think the Trump administration has achieved that with this action?I mean, do you see them as having a coherent strategy in your view to bring Assad to the table?

No, I don't, and that's the problem. So the strikes were successful in the sense that we follow through on our word. But what now?There doesn't seem to be an answer to some of these larger questions that we were just discussing. Like, where do we go from here?What is our end goal in Syria?What are we doing about the humanitarian situation?Are we going to accept more refugees, or are we going to try to allow people to go back into their homes?Are we going to push for another political - a round of political talks like the ones we had in Geneva or not?These are some of the big questions that I think the administration should be thinking about right now and should be planning for rather than focusing just on the use of chemical weapons and the immediate reaction to that.

Jasmine El-Gamal is a senior fellow at the Atlantic Council, and she joined us from Beirut. Thank you so very much.

Thanks, Lulu.

turn 1 : The administration does not move forward physically but initiates plans to deal with immigration.

turn 1 : The president is trying to divert attention away from negative news about him and his administration

turn 1 : The administration should be planning for the future and not just focusing on immediate reactions

turn 1 : They are worried about any negative consequences of their actions and will fix them quickly.

turn 1 : The situation is urgent and requires immediate action.


There have come into being a kind of a Shia-belt from Tehran through Baghdad to Beirut. And this gives Iran the opportunity to reconstruct the ancient Persian Empire, this time under a Shia label. From a geo-strategic point of view, I consider Iran a bigger problem than ISIS. ISIS is a group of adventurers with a very aggressive ideology. But they have to conquer more and more territory before they can become a geo-strategic, permanent reality. I think a conflict with ISIS - important as it is - is more manageable than a confrontation with Iran.

What would you do about ISIS?

They have cut the throat of an American on television. This is an insult to the United States, which requires that we demonstrate that this is not an act that is free. I would strongly favor a strong attack on ISIS for a period that is related to the murder of the American. Then, we have to go into the long-range problem. I think when we're dealing with a unit like ISIS, we should not get into a position where they can lead us by establishing ground forces. But we should set strategic objectives where we thwart any goal they set themselves, which we should be able to do by superior air power. And then if we can enlist other countries or other more local groups to do the ground fighting, we might actually destroy them.

Let me ask you about a couple of other areas of the world. You spent a considerable time in this book writing about what you call the Russian enigma. What's your reading of what Vladimir Putin's Russia wants?

turn 3 : They mean that this is not a small way of being associated with Russia.

turn 3 : Implies that A is being asked if the progress made involves any change in Russian behavior or policy.

turn 3 : Russia will try to get more people to join the military together.

turn 3 : implies asking for an opinion on Russia's ambitions.

turn 3 : (2) implies that Russia's goal is to promote a worldview that everything is corrupt and that its tactics are meant to psychologically influence others;


I like a slice of lime, but you don't need it. And by the way, you better also get that lime before the price goes up.

Jacob Gluck, cheers.

Thank you.

He's co-owner of Goza Tequila based in Atlanta, Ga.

turn 0 : They are not asking for a lot of really expensive items.

turn 0 : Indicating that they are priceless means that they have high value.

turn 0 : The shortage of corn may lead to a price increase in the market.

turn 0 : a lot of stuff means there is a massive amount

turn 0 : A thinks that the price of lime will increase soon.


There had to be an innovation. Yeah, John Graham was actually building a revolving bar in Honolulu, and they thought, well, let's since they had - Graham wanted a flying saucer shape. And, of course, Washington state had kicked off the whole flying saucer craze with the sighting at Mt. Rainier in 1947 that the press had called flying saucer. But it became this kind of iconic idea of what the future would look like. Well, because it was this circular shape, a revolving restaurant made sense. Graham patented a gearing system that allowed you to turn the entire restaurant of 250 people with a one-horsepower motor.

Wow.

And that was built up in Everett, Washington, just north of Seattle.

With a size that drives a washing machine. It's very small.

turn 0 : The balloons location around the planet forms a circle.

turn 0 :  In turn (4), the speaker describes the birds "flying" in the wind tunnel with the wind blowing in their faces, which is not a literal description of flight but rather an approximation of the experience.

turn 0 : The flying saucer shape is the common shape of how alien space ships were depicted.

turn 0 : This statement implies that the advanced drones are being more appreciated unlike aircrafts.

turn 0 : The statement implies how stars are formed and the necessary conditions for their creation.