Well, one last question about this because there is speculation that this weather may be due to the loss of ice during the summertime at the polar region. Is there any evidence for that being the trigger?

No, that has a lot of other dramatic effects on our climate, but for stratospheric warming events, what we're looking at are very large systems, such as the one that was off of the northeast coast of Japan. Also it's been correlated to sunspot activity. So that's kind of a factor that doesn't affect the troposphere so much, but it does involve some (unintelligible) content action in the stratosphere. So we're seeing a correlation between a solar activity and then these big, very unstable systems late in the season like we saw off the northeast coast of Japan.

All right, well, people always blame stuff on sunspots, so. . .

That's right, it's hard to prove them wrong.

turn 0 : to look for something in this context means they are trying to see if something will happen

turn 0 : on and off means in this context that they are doing something then not doing something

turn 0 : at the end of the day means something is likely going to happen or what happens after everything else.

turn 0 : to move in direction in this context means to change something

turn 0 : a trigger in this context means something causing something else


turn 0 : To pull the trigger means to decide to make something happen.

turn 0 : Trigger implies that it is the cause of what happened in the polar region

turn 0 : just around the corner implies it is happening soon.

turn 0 : The melting of Arctic ice has local and global effects.


Absolutely. That is something that needs to be considered carefully for Senator Coleman. He's a relatively young man, very successful politician from his time as a mayor of St.  Paul to his time in the Senate, and there's a lot of rhetoric from his legal team right now. But who knows?Once this looks like it starts to get being wrapped up, the senator himself may decide that it's not politically advantageous for him to drag this into a courtroom.

If Norm Coleman were to do that, to say, well, I won't fight it any farther, isn't he in a way disenfranchising and disappointing, to say the least, the people who voted for him?

Well, I suppose that's a risk he would have to take. I think, though, that you look at this numbers, this is so close right now, and that, at some point, somebody's going to have to take that Senate seat. And if Senator Coleman looks at it and decides that this is not going to behoove him, it's not going to further his political career to fight this in court, he might make that decision. And his supporters might be happy that he leaves himself potentially better positioned for another job down the road, maybe the governor of Minnesota or something.

New York Senator Charles Schumer said yesterday that Franken had already won the election. Until recently, Schumer was the head of the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee. Does that sort of open declaration carry weight there?

turn 2 : Case is a legal judgement that will take place before a judge.

turn 2 : Pleases the court could mean "good enough for the court" or something like that.

turn 2 : It is being implied that it will be difficult to proceed to court.

turn 2 : Despite legal and PR efforts, it is difficult for experts to make sense of the situation

turn 2 : A court decision may eliminate protections for people with preexisting conditions


What do we know about the synagogue and the surrounding community of Squirrel Hill?

Well, the Saturday service at this synagogue usually starts at about 9:45 a. m. It's a conservative congregation. According to the synagogue's website, Rabbi Jeffrey Myers leads at Saturday's service on most weekends. He's written about gun control before. In July, he posted an essay to the congregation's website, to the synagogue's website, where he said, despite continuous calls for sensible gun control, our elected leaders in Washington knew that it would fade away in time. He says that he was afraid that the status quo on gun control would remain unchanged and shootings would continue. He also lamented that he felt he had to include in his daily morning prayers that God should watch over his wife and daughter and teachers to keep them safe.

President Trump has weighed in on events, hasn't he?

He has. President Trump tweeted this morning that he is watching the events unfold in Pittsburgh, and he warned people to stay away from the area. And he said it looked like there would be multiple fatalities.

turn 1 : There is a problem with gun violence in America.

turn 1 : The Rabbi is afraid of gun violence and shootings.

turn 1 : A describes his fear and relief during a shooting incident

turn 1 : The shooting was a terrible tragedy and has left a lot of hurt and healing needed in the community.


Well, what happened on Tuesday was very interesting. During the day on Tuesday, there was a very small protest. They were in the middle of central Baghdad in Tahrir Square. They were very quickly dispersed by the Iraqi security forces, but then a call went out on social media from people's individual accounts to say, let's go back to the square at 3 o'clock. And the numbers surprised everybody. There were thousands of people in the square who reacted to that, and they all had one real message to the government. That was to end corruption and provide jobs and opportunity.

The government were completely surprised by this, and they sent in the Iraqi army and the police with very heavy-handed tactics. They used live fire. They used tear gas. They used rubber-coated steel bullets. Now, there were a number of deaths that day, and then the protests spread to other parts of the country.

So whatever had happened, it struck a chord with very young people. Now, the median age of the protesters, as far as I can work out, is about 20 years old. These are people who don't remember Saddam Hussein, who, you know, barely remember the U. S. -led occupation of Iraq. What they do remember is the last 10 years and the opportunities that have not been given to them.

And as you have been moving around the streets, reporting, trying to talk to them, what specifically do they tell you that they want?

turn 1 : The tactics used were very dangerous and deadly to the protestors.

turn 1 : This implies that the morale of the protesters' was weakened probably because of the low turnout.

turn 1 : The protest turned violent, despite initially being peaceful.


turn 2 : The key point is made to make people want to learn more about what happened.

turn 2 : It made the person feel sadness and it was hard for them to see.

turn 2 : It affected the young people's emotions when they saw what happened.

turn 2 : The story is a happy one that is also distracting and the people have been feeling sad so they need the story to make them happy again.

turn 2 : They would not do bad things were most people would find out about them.


Thursday is our day to look at the world of sports, and the world is, indeed, looking at sports this week by way of the Olympics in Beijing. But what are the prospects for American athletes?Here to help us with that is New York Times sports columnist, Bill Rhoden. Hey, Bill.

Mr.  WILLIAM C.  RHODEN (Sports Columnist, New York Times; Author, "Forty Million Dollar Slaves: The Rise, Fall, and Redemption of the Black Athlete"): The great Tony Cox, how're you doing, man?

I'm doing great. You know what?Here's my question to you about the Olympics. You know, we know that Yao Ming carried the Olympic torch through the gates of the Forbidden City. We know that Michael Phelps, Allyson Felix, are some big stars. We are hoping for things from them. We're hoping for things from the U. S. A.  men's basketball team. Here's my question. Is America really interested in the Olympics?Are people going to watch?

Well, there's always - and just as a caveat, I mean, the Olympics were always sort of my favorite sporting event, because I do think it's - you know, you've got people who've just trained for this one moment for four years. So, that's great. But you know, having covered about four or five of them, you know, sometimes you're over there and you're like, is anybody reading this stuff, you know?

turn 0 : The speaker suggests that many people are only interested in the Olympics for popular events

turn 0 : Russia is involved in various malicious activities worldwide beyond just the U.S. elections and doping in the Olympics.

turn 0 : The protests are still significant despite not being widespread

turn 0 : Despite potential lack of interest, the Olympics are still a significant event.


The idea of this is that she - Julie escapes from Paris and ends up in Marseilles, and she joins the opera there, starts singing. And she becomes famous for the first time. . .

I mean, forgive me, we have to ask - how does a duelist on the run become a star of the Paris Opera?

(Laughter) Well, I don't know. She just auditioned for the Marseilles Opera, but then later on after the adventures that she had in Marseilles and Provence, she made her way to Paris with another lover, Thevenard, who was baritone. And he auditioned for the Paris Opera and he said I will only join you if my girlfriend can come, too. And so at the age of 17, she found herself part of one the world's great musical companies. And she became - both of them became stars.

And then there follows what you call the evening of gasps.

turn 0 : "she becomes famous for the first time" - The use of "first time" in this context is figurative language that suggests Julie has never been famous before, rather than implying she has been famous multiple times before this event.

turn 0 : how she became herself implies the story of her discovery and success

turn 0 :  (2) A: It's a first. - Implied meaning: This phrase is new and has not been used before.

turn 0 : She was a remarkable and iconic figure who would still be celebrated today.


Parents never want to let their kids down, but this holiday season, many parents face a sad reality. Empty wallets will mean fewer presents. So how do you talk to your kids about facing a lean holiday season?We pose that question to our regular News & Notes contributor, Judge Lynn Toler, the star of TV's "Divorce Court. "Hi, Lynn.

How are you, Farai?

I'm doing quite well, but there are a lot of folks who are really financially pinched. And for better or worse, we live in a society where people are often judge by things. And kids are no exception. Kids can be really cruel, if you're wearing the wrong brand of sneakers or if you're - you got a toy, but it's the generic toy as opposed to some, you know, over-priced brand name toy. Given how kids act, and given the realities of the moment, and given that gift giving is a part of the holiday season, how do you, if you're a parent, process the needs that you have to deal, with the very real bills, and to deal with the expectations of little people?

Well, I have couple of responses to that. First of all, you give the hit to the persons or the people best able to take it. We as parents - my husband and I may not exchange gifts this year. We may exchange coupons for, I'll give you a coupon for going to a crash-and-smash movie with you, I'll go to a chic movie with you. (unintelligible)

turn 1 : The pinch is not physical but just a tightening of finances due to the situation.

turn 1 : financially "pinched" implies the money situation is painful

turn 1 : broke implies having bodily injury and not referring to being financially ruined

turn 1 : I'm thankful that I'm not in financial trouble.

turn 1 : The sweet spot means they are in a good situation financially to lend to others.


That will vary tremendously among fields, but the simple story is, it'll take awhile. So, even the most wildly optimistic assessment would say that, even if we started drilling now, we won't really see any oil for five years. So, the U. S.  Geological Survey looked at, for example, the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, and even if we started drilling today, we wouldn't really start to produce significant quantities of oil for a decade.

Robert, I know you're familiar with the ongoing debate about energy resources in this country. What we should do?Drill now?Don't drill now?You're a nonpartisan. You're a scientist. How do you view this argument between, really, the Republicans and the Democrats?

You know, the question for this country, for policy is, how will we ensure that we have energy over the next 20 years?To do that, we have a finite amount of capital that we can invest in the energy industry. It's highly unlikely that investing that money in offshore oil and gas drilling will ensure that we have sufficient supplies of energy 10 and 20 years from now. We've tried that experiment in the past. Despite all those wells drilled, domestic oil and gas production continued to decline. So, in hindsight, that money was not effectively spent.

Robert Kaufmann, director of the Center for Energy and Environmental Studies at Boston University. Robert, thank you.

Oh, you're welcome.

turn 0 : Drilling for oil is not a viable solution to the problem of oil consumption

turn 0 : Drilling for oil takes a long time and won't immediately solve our energy problems.

turn 0 : Renewable energy is still too expensive for developing countries

turn 0 : The topic of energy is crucial to our world's future and has significant impacts on policy decisions, including war.


Oh, you're welcome.

turn 2 : Drilling for oil is not a viable solution to the problem of oil consumption

turn 2 : The other airlines may not have the resources to purchase fuel for the future, suggesting a lack of financial stability.

turn 2 : Investing in offshore oil and gas drilling may not effectively ensure sufficient energy supplies in the future.

turn 2 : Obama's energy policy focuses on reducing dependence on oil through green energy and efficiency measures


How did it change me to lose a parent?
Yeah.
Do you have both your parents?
Nope.

turn 0 : Despite the difficult situation, A's parents are okay

turn 0 : The mom is not confined to doing things one way and staying in one place.

turn 0 : The video game had a negative impact on the son's life.

turn 0 : Losing a parent can have a profound impact on someone's life.

turn 0 : The literal meaning is that the speaker is expressing love and gratitude towards their mother. However, the implied meaning is that the speaker's mother had a difficult childhood and overcame it to become a great parent to the speaker.


But banning food products from Western countries had an immediate effect. And - but there was also a lot of contraband. And so one of the measures against the contraband was incinerating food once it was exposed as contraband. And it - really it was a display of something that I think inspired terror in a lot of people in a country that has known famine and in a country where a lot of people have feared starvation in living memory.

Yeah. We certainly have our own struggles with bigotry in the U. S. But it's hard not to go through your book and not be staggered by the persistence in Russia of anti-Semitism and prejudice against gays. What role does this play?

You know, I actually wouldn't call it prejudice against gays because I think it conveys the sort of impression that it comes from the grassroots, that this is - that the Russian population is homophobic. Not that it isn't. But what we're really talking about is a concerted campaign by the Kremlin over the last five years to single out and target LGBTQI people as, you know, scapegoats in the country, as the chosen other.

Towards the end of your book, you use a phrase that chills me, where you say that in Russia today, quote, "life is a foreign agent. "

turn 2 : got their tentacles implies that Russia is involved and manipulative in many different aspects of foreign affairs

turn 2 : In (3), “life is a foreign agent” does not mean that life is a foreign operative, but rather that life in Russia is heavily regulated and monitored by the government.

turn 2 : implies asking for an opinion on Russia's ambitions.

turn 2 : Implies that A is being asked if the progress made involves any change in Russian behavior or policy.


Well, the first one was, of course, a really bad jolt that brought down all the buildings; things were swaying. The second one for some reason was - people panicked even more because I guess the memory of the first one was so fresh. Although it didn't kill as many people, and it was technically supposed to be an aftershock of the first one, still it sent people back to the shelters. People were sleeping out in the open again. And then just as things were starting to get back to some sort of normalcy, the panic level suddenly went up again.

Is the ground still shaking every now and then?

Oh, yeah, this is a roller coaster. I mean, it just - we haven't had any big aftershock today, but last night, yesterday morning - and we don't know if the aftershocks are just merging into one, you know, of the first one and the second one.

We're talking you on Skype. Has the world media left at this point?

turn 1 : 'Leaders are calling for an end to the violence, but there hasn't been much talk in terms of specifics.' implies that leaders are not taking specific actions to end the violence.

turn 1 : The literal meaning of this turn is that the tribal aspect of this conflict has triggered the most horrific aspects of this war. The implied meaning is that the tribal divisions are at the root of the war and are responsible for the extreme violence.

turn 1 : they are trying to imply they want peace not war instead

turn 1 : Arguments that were made by some of the people who attacked him - attacked does not mean physically attacked. It means hurt with words.

turn 1 : very good His words implied a threat. War implies fighting and death.


There are some conversations, some talks. Robert Townsend actually came to the opening, it was like, you know this is a movie, right?You know, this is a movie?You realize this is a movie?I'm like, yeah, I think it is, I think it is.

So, there's conversations about it, but I want people to come out now, and see it in this incarnation, because it's original story telling form. Very much John Leguizamo, I dance in the show, I become 15, 20 different characters, and I actually dip into some other guys. I actually look like the people when I do them. I actually have the elasticity to flip my face up, and be like, wait a minute, he kind of looks like a whole different human being now. The chameleon is here.

All right, on that note, Don, thanks so much.

Thank you so much. Everybody, come on out.

turn 1 : Zazi did not change physically but changed his personality.

turn 1 : The people have seen what he is capable of and believe he posses the skills and abilities to win.

turn 1 : The animation bit wasn't literally brought to life; it just means that the man created the animation.

turn 1 : His work is odd and seen as very different from what people normally do and/or expect.

turn 1 : John Leguizamo has the ability to transform into different characters during his performance.


The most significant news, I think on the Republican side, was that two states, Kansas and Louisiana, shot across the bow of John McCain by saying they were not ready to endorse the idea that he was the nominee. Washington State was called for John McCain with some of the vote yet to be counted and not too much of a margin for John McCain. But the state party chairman out there said they had seen enough caucus counting and they were going to away half the state's delegates to John McCain then do the rest in a primary that's coming up in a few weeks.

Now, that's already been protested by the Huckabee campaign, which was hoping to get a sweep, like Barack Obama, of all the events on the ballot on Saturday to the Republicans.

So parse out for us this delegate situation on the Democratic side. What's the state of play right now in terms of who has how many.

Well, it's a big scoreboard and there are a lot of different numbers on it and they do move around a fair amount. But let's start with the ones that are pretty certain that aren't going to change. That's the number of pledged delegates won so far. These are the delegates that are allocated to each candidate on the basis of the results of each primary or caucus. So in this station, where we stand now, Hillary Clinton has 893 from all the states that have voted so far on the Democratic side, and Barack Obama has 952.

turn 3 : The implied meaning of this turn is that there is a large number of progressive candidates running in the runoff election, and Mayor Emanuel's political action committee is trying to reduce their numbers.

turn 3 :  "big scoreboard" - This is a metaphor used to describe the current state of the delegate count.

turn 3 : (2) Implied meaning: Get enough votes to pass the legislation, no matter the number of votes required.

turn 3 : The implied meaning of this statement is that the focus is not only on the states, but also on the number of delegates that the candidates can gain from those states.

turn 3 : casting votes means to vote on something or someone


I think, it means, that the voters, or the people being polled as voters, don't take their cues from the media, which is not really hard to believe. I think most people absorb a certain amount of media information that they choose from certain sources of media information. They generally tend to go to ones that they find simpatico. They may agree or not agree with a lot of what they hear, but they make up their own minds, and they make up their minds on the basis of things that were in their minds before they went to the media.

Well, Ron. Thanks so much.

My pleasure, Farai.

Ron Elving is NPR's senior Washington editor. He joined us from NPR's headquarters in Washington, D. C.

turn 0 : The media does not have as much influence over voters as people might think.

turn 0 : The wonkiness of smart candidates is not popular with voters.

turn 0 : The press is biased and not interested in reporting positive news about Iraq.

turn 0 : News coverage can cause people to pay more attention to things that were happening anyway.

turn 0 : Everyone is talking about something that no one can deny as everyone sees it. It might not upset people who like Bernie Sanders and make them want to vote for someone else.


Well, Ron. Thanks so much.

My pleasure, Farai.

turn 0 : People who usually would vote for the Republican candidate are considering voting for Hillary Clinton instead.

turn 0 : People make their own decisions when it comes to voting and are not influenced by the media as much as one might think.

turn 0 : The voters did not seem to change their opinions when they voted again.


But shouldn't you at least offer the people you're polling the option of checking that box as one of the issues?

In terms of?

Of, you know, as climate change or renewable energy, things like that. The choice is not even offered on the sheet of things that you - that is on your radar screen.

Yeah. Well, this is actually a really important point, is that when you look at - and I'll just come back to media coverage as an example. You know, for most people, this is an issue that's invisible. I mean, you can look out your window right this moment, and there's CO2 pouring out of tailpipes, out of smokestacks, out of buildings, but you can't see it, and likewise you can't see the impacts unless you know where to look. In fact, the only way most Americans even know about this issue is because of what they've learned about it in the media. They're not reading the peer-reviewed literature. They don't know scientists personally. They're learning about it through the media. And when the media doesn't report this issue, it's literally out of sight and out of mind.

turn 0 : pin that down implies to solve the problem or get something done rather than to put a pin on something

turn 0 : "checking that box" - This is a figurative expression meaning to select or choose an option, rather than actually checking a physical box.

turn 0 : to make a switch mean they go do something else.

turn 0 : to look for something in this context means they are trying to see if something will happen


In terms of?

turn 2 : "on your radar screen" - This is also a figurative expression meaning something that is being monitored or tracked, rather than a literal radar screen.

turn 2 : The phrase "push you off to the side" is figurative and means to physically force someone to move out of the way. The speaker is using this expression to describe their aggressive driving style in Iraq, which is not acceptable behavior on American roads. The phrase "watch my attitude" is also figurative, as it means to monitor and control one's behavior and emotions rather than their physical posture or demeanor.

turn 2 : "hiding in plain sight" - this is a figurative expression meaning that someone is trying to remain inconspicuous while being in an obvious location.

turn 2 : "watch" - This verb usually means to observe something with one's eyes, but in this context, it implies enjoying or experiencing a film.


In terms of?

turn 3 : "hiding in plain sight" - this is a figurative expression meaning that someone is trying to remain inconspicuous while being in an obvious location.

turn 3 : "It's out of sight." - This does not literally mean that the object is out of sight. It implies that the object is not visible or noticeable, and the speaker is emphasizing its high concentration level.

turn 3 :  "out of sight, out of mind" - This is a well-known idiom that means if you can't see something, you tend to forget about it, rather than a literal interpretation.

turn 3 : A: "You didn't see that coming." - This phrase is often used figuratively to express surprise or unexpectedness, rather than referring to literal visual perception.


There are, there are trials underway right now of an active vaccine, as well. So again, the scientists have gone back to the drawing board and said gee, when we did that study back in the early 2000s with the active vaccine, what went wrong, what could have caused this inflammatory response. So they've modified the protein now and have been able to develop one that they hope will in fact generate the immune response without the side effects.

Why doesn't Alzheimer's kick in earlier in life for those who are genetically predisposed to it?Why does it wait until you're in your 70s or 80s?

That's a good question, Ira. I mean, it's a million-dollar question as to what are the other aging factors that have to kick in, and basically we don't know the answer to that. But one issue might be, for example, that our immune systems diminish in their effectiveness and ability to perform their work as we age.

So a challenge in using an active vaccine in an older person is that the older person may not be able to generate an antibody response. So if, say, Alzheimer's disease were partly immunologically driven, it may only manifest itself when the person's aging immune system starts to fail or diminish its effectiveness. Then this blossoms. I'm not saying that's the answer, but it's that type of thing.

turn 1 : 100 million plus means that it cost more than that.

turn 1 : a million dollar question implies that the question is very important or difficult and requires a very good answer not referring the cost of the question is 1 million dollars

turn 1 : example of a rhetorical question, which is used to make a point rather than to actually seek an answer.

turn 1 : how big of a deal means how much of a problem would this be


We literally stumbled into them looking for the largest live coast redwoods. And it was akin to finding a dinosaur that was still preserved laying on its side. So, it was just dumb luck.

So, what do you do?You get a cutting from that tree and then what happens?

Well, we really didn't know at that time and we didn't even know at that time nobody had thought of it or had ever done it. That was two years ago. So, I was with my son Jake, and Jake goes, well, look, dad. Look over here on the other side. And he found some shoots that were green and they were attached to the roots and some of the base of the 35-foot-diameter stump. And he goes why don't we try these?And that's exactly how it was birthed.

So, you planted these cuttings and what'll happen?

turn 0 : Dinosaurs might have used visual and vocal signals to communicate with each other.

turn 0 : They found something that is not the real thing but close to it.

turn 0 : The discoveries made in the last 10 years provide a new opportunity to understand the communication of extinct dinosaurs.

turn 0 : Finding them was very similar to finding a dinosaur- a major surprise.

turn 0 : The story was told to people and many became aware of it.


Has the storm reached full strength, or is there any possibility that it could intensify?

It likely has reached close to its full strength. It's approaching or moving over the islands now of the Northern Bahamas. And it's also showing signs of going through a eye wall replacement cycle. That will likely occur in the next 24 hours. So the strength is going to fluctuate.

That's another strong point I wanted to make. Just because it weakens a bit in the next 24 to 36 hours does not mean the overall effects or impacts to the state of Florida's coastline will change. You know, whether it's a 3, 4 or 5, it could produce significant damage along the coast. But it will likely fluctuate in intensity over the next 24 to 48 hours, and it probably has reached its peak in intensity at the time.

Could you talk a little bit more about the path that the storm is taking?You were talking about this earlier. It's expected - am I still right?- it's expected to move into the Florida Peninsula Monday morning.

turn 0 : full strength in this context means whether or not something has reached its peak threshold of intensity

turn 0 : a lot of stuff means there is a massive amount

turn 0 : when something is made clear in this context it means that it is explained so people understand

turn 0 : "excessively high percentages of sales" - This turn's actual meaning is different from its literal meaning because "excessively high" means a lot or too much, but it is not necessarily related to a specific number or percentage.

turn 0 : "what doesn't kill you makes you stronger" - This is an idiomatic expression that means that going through difficult experiences can make a person mentally and emotionally stronger, rather than referring to actual physical strength.


So, I ended up spending the night at the Juvenile Detention Center. And then, the next day, they went to arraign me, which - you are not supposed to get arraigned in the juvenile detention, when you are on that system. It is a whole different procedure. And I was like, what is going on?And they were like, we are going to, we are going to put you over. We are going to charge you as an adult, because of the severity of the crime. And I was like, whoa, you know?So, it was definitely an eye opener.

How it was different in adult prison than juvenile detention?

Oh, it was, it was harsh. I mean, you are in there with grown men, I was only 17, maybe a 160 pounds, you know?It is just was a - it was quite the dramatic change, you know, from the Juvenile Detention Center. I mean, it was whole another world.

And then, when you got out of prison, you were the victim of violence. What happened then?

turn 1 : 50 pounds  implies a weight and not referring to 50 British pounds

turn 1 : 160 pounds implies the body weight and not referring to money or 160 British pounds

turn 1 : a pound refers and implies to a body weight and not one British pound

turn 1 : losing 400 pounds refers to losing weight or fat reduction and not to lose 400 British Pounds  or money


No problem.

Aren't the British the original soccer hooligans?

Yeah, exactly. And the Russian fans rioting in France right now, for them the inspiration was the English football hooligan scene of the 1970s, '80s and '90s even. They see England as a spiritual home of football hooliganism, as it were.

How does football hooliganism wind up being a source of inspiration?

turn 1 : Watching football is difficult because of the risk of players being permanently damaged.

turn 1 : The actual meaning of turn (3) is different from its literal meaning. While the literal meaning suggests that there are similar scenes in Brazil and Germany as in the FIFA scandal, the implied meaning is that there are investigations and consequences in those countries related to corruption in football

turn 1 : The U.S. team's strategy is to score more goals than their opponents, even if they also concede some.

turn 1 : The speaker feels guilty about watching football because of the permanent damage it causes to players' health

turn 1 : This statement implies that the British are known for Soccer disruption.


No problem.

turn 3 : This statement implies that the reason behind the Russian fans involvement in the riot in France was the disruption of the Soccer game by the British fans.

turn 3 : They mean that this is not a small way of being associated with Russia.

turn 3 : The actual meaning of turn (3) is different from its literal meaning. While the literal meaning suggests that there are similar scenes in Brazil and Germany as in the FIFA scandal, the implied meaning is that there are investigations and consequences in those countries related to corruption in football

turn 3 : (3) has an implied meaning different from its literal meaning. The speaker is describing a military base that was not strategically important but was taken over by Russian forces because it was symbolic. The base was given an ultimatum to evacuate, but the soldiers and pilots chose to stay and fight. The speaker describes the situation as "very expected," which implies that similar events have occurred before.

turn 3 : Implies that A is being asked if the progress made involves any change in Russian behavior or policy.


No problem.

turn 3 : the musicians actually created a spark in the speaker's imagination, but the figurative meaning is that the musicians inspired the speaker's creativity.

turn 3 : 4) "How does football hooliganism wind up being a source of inspiration?"  The literal meaning of this turn is simply asking how football hooliganism can be a source of inspiration. However, the implied meaning is that the speaker is expressing disbelief or confusion about how something as negative as football hooliganism could inspire others. The question implies that the speaker does not understand how people could find inspiration in such behavior, and perhaps even disapproves of it.

turn 3 : The speaker was able to empathize with the film's portrayal of the risks associated with playing football, realizing that their own participation in the sport could have serious consequences. This suggests the power of media and storytelling to influence and educate individuals about important issues.

turn 3 :  "What's the reason for that?" is a literal question that means what is the motive or purpose behind the actions described in the previous turns, and its actual meaning is the same as its literal meaning.

turn 3 : In these turns, the speakers are discussing the implications and deeper meanings behind the actions and ideologies of the person they are talking about. They are not merely discussing the literal surface-level interpretations, but rather the underlying motives, strategies, and persuasive effects of those actions and ideologies.


. . . Strong title. What do you mean by that?

I think it was meant as sort of a nonpartisan way of talking about what's gone on in the confirmation process on Capitol Hill and how both sides have tried to put their thumbs on the scale and try and steer these judicial nominations in the direction they wanted. And so there is bias on it, and it's been bias on both sides, honestly. I know people don't like to talk about both sider-ism these days, but, you know, both parties have had a lot to do with how mucked up the process has gotten.

All right. Well, we'll get to that. But let's start with where you start in the book, where you talk about the importance of a decision that the majority leader Mitch McConnell made - Republican leader - made in February of 2016. What was the decision?

I think this was one of the most consequential decisions in American history, really, as it turned out. We didn't know it that night. But Mitch McConnell is on a - the Senate majority leader is on a vacation in the Caribbean. The news comes out that Justice Antonin Scalia had died. And Mr.  McConnell that evening decided that President Obama, with 11 months left in his term, would not get an appointment to the Supreme Court.

turn 1 : The candidate had something troubling in their past.

turn 1 :  Implies disbelief in the official explanation for the meeting and wanting a better answer.

turn 1 : The implied meaning of this turn is that Democrats might not be interested in a bipartisan effort since their own plan has been successful.

turn 1 :  This turn actually means that people should not expect to "love" Donald Trump as the Republican nominee, but should come together as a party to face the challenges that lie ahead.

turn 1 : Both parties have contributed to the biased confirmation process.


turn 1 : Both political parties have biased the judicial nomination process.

turn 1 : It's getting harder to make people believe that the Supreme Court is not political.

turn 1 : The justices can not avoid being questioned and they are different from the justice who sided with both political parties.

turn 1 : Prosecutors have more power than judges in determining charges


For political directive, sure.

Yeah. Yeah.

It's not Abraham Lincoln and his team of rivals.

They're like instruction manuals for how to run the government.

turn 2 : The speaker is reflecting on the fact that Lincoln's willingness to work with his rivals was seen as a weakness by some in Washington at the time, but in hindsight, it was a display of personal strength and leadership

turn 2 : The political directive is not related to Abraham Lincoln or his team of rivals.

turn 2 : (3) Implied meaning: Despite the fact that Buchanan was liked for his civility, he was still an ineffective leader and failed to take action in a crucial moment.

turn 2 : 3) Implied meaning: If Buchanan had supported Douglas, Lincoln would not have become president, but he would have been successful in some other way.


For political directive, sure.

Yeah. Yeah.

turn 3 : inquiring about strategies or approaches politicians use to engage and maintain public attention for issues that may seem disconnected or less relevant to the lives of everyday Americans.

turn 3 : A thinks that the government is not functioning properly.

turn 3 : Implies that the speaker would like to see further reforms beyond what is suggested by Speaker Ryan.

turn 3 : The person wants to know what can be done to find a common thing the two political parties can agree on.

turn 3 : Political directives are similar to instruction manuals for running the government.


Yeah.

. . . Able to meet as she died the start of her junior year.

And Mark Gorman.

Mark Gorman, another very nice kid, unfortunately dying during the first semester of his senior year in - as he got hit by a car coming home. It was on a Friday night and - I should say a Thursday night. And our football team generally gets together every Thursday night. And Mark was a football player to start his career at Bremen and in band and lots of activities. But he decided managering (ph) the football team - being a manager of the football team would be more beneficial to everybody. And he did the manager job as best as he could and as thorough as he could. And the football team kind of elected him on his leadership ability to come speak to the team. . .

turn 1 : The speaker is expressing sympathy for the victims and their families.

turn 1 :  The speaker is expressing regret about the death of a fellow student.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker is expressing their disappointment or dissatisfaction with the outcome of a situation or decision, without directly stating it.

turn 1 :  The speaker wants to know about the experience of graduating from school and what it felt like for the person they are talking to.

turn 1 : The actual meaning of (3) is, A is expressing a feeling of sadness and nostalgia over the loss of a loved one.


Yeah. In fact, if a car is assembled in Canada and shipped to the United States, Americans should realize that about 50 percent of the content of that car is American-made. A carburetor could cross the border up to eight times during the manufacturing process. We have a completely integrated manufacturing process in the automobile industry.

And here, we have something very amazing. We have the labor unions - the head of the AFL-CIO; the industry - head of the automobile manufacturers - each of them; and we have the U. S.  Chamber of Commerce, all coming together and agreeing that auto tariffs would be bad for not only Canada, but also U. S.  jobs. And it would be bad for the U. S. -Canada relationship overall. And so I think that there are a lot of people that do not want to see us go down that road. And it would be very detrimental economically.

So one last yes or no question - do you see an agreement?

I'm the eternal optimist. You know, President Obama said once to me he's a congenital optimist, so I'll go with that.

turn 3 : The actual meaning of turn 3 is "Thank you for joining us and providing information on the topic."

turn 3 : He wants to believe that an agreement will be reached that benefits everyone.

turn 3 : The president will propose something new later today

turn 3 :  implies that you should be mindful of the information you hear and stay informed.


Yes, and that's a very different situation because the ice sitting on the ocean, when it melts, it doesn't change sea level. If you think of a glass of ice tea and you put your ice cubes in the ice tea, when the ice melts, your ice tea, obviously, doesn't overflow. The ice just - it. . .

There's quite a difference in volume, but not big enough.

Yeah. It basically doesn't - but the melting ice that's floating doesn't matter, but what - but a lot of the ice sitting on Greenland and on Antarctic, the continent of Antarctica, when that ice melts, that does, in fact, add water to the sea. And those are in the long term, likely to drive the sea level rise and could drive the sea level rise by a great deal in the coming decades and centuries.

So is anomalous - I mean, is this - as you said, it's definitely part of a trend. There's no way to argue with it anymore, about the warming and that it's having real effects. How is it going faster than people feared?

turn 0 : The melting of Arctic ice has local and global effects.

turn 0 : Melting ice on Greenland and Antarctica will increase sea levels

turn 0 : There has been a long-term warming trend resulting in the Arctic ice melt.

turn 0 : The ice cap on Greenland is melting rapidly

turn 0 : The Arctic ice is melting faster than ever before due to global warming, which causes a thinning of the ice.


turn 0 : Melting ice on Greenland and Antarctica adds water to the sea level.

turn 0 : The Arctic may have pockets of ice even when it appears ice-free


Now, the netting, as I understand it, is not expensive - I mean, a scintilla of what a relief pitcher earns annually.

I think that's right, yeah.

But on the other hand, I mean, these modern stadiums that are being built want to get the fans close to the action.

Oh, absolutely. I mean, you've been very lucky as a Cubs fan. You've always had Wrigley Field, which is an intimate stadium. And that's what these new stadiums are trying to recreate. Even Yankee Stadium, if you go on their website today, Scott, they actually tout the fact that home plate is 27 feet closer than in the old Yankee Stadium.

turn 3 :  (4) is an expression of surprise. The implied meaning is an expression of admiration.

turn 3 : (4): This turn actually means: "Will people now start to support the Columbus Blue Jackets?"

turn 3 : "Oh, wow." - This turn's actual meaning is different from its literal meaning. In this context, it is used sarcastically to express disbelief or surprise.

turn 3 : (4) Implied meaning: The new stadiums are trying to recreate a similar atmosphere as the old Wrigley Field which was an intimate stadium.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is subtly trying to convey a sense of urgency or importance in the matter being discussed, without explicitly stating it.


The writer Robert Strauss suggests that any new president would have to sink pretty low to meet the level set by the man the title of his book calls "Worst. President. Ever: James Buchanan, The POTUS Rating Game, And The Legacy Of The Least Of The Lesser Presidents. "Robert Strauss joins us now from member station WHYY in Philadelphia. Thanks so much for being with us.

Thank you very much, Scott.

Fill in some biographical blanks for us. James Buchanan was a Pennsylvanian, a bachelor and a Democrat.

That's all true. He had the greatest resume - at least, the greatest governmental resume - of anybody who's ever run for president. He was a state representative. He was a U. S.  congressman of both houses. He was the ambassador to Great Britain, ambassador to Russia and secretary of state.

turn 3 : George H.W. Bush had a lot of preparation and experience for presidency

turn 3 : (3) Implied meaning: Despite the fact that Buchanan was liked for his civility, he was still an ineffective leader and failed to take action in a crucial moment.

turn 3 : 3) Implied meaning: If Buchanan had supported Douglas, Lincoln would not have become president, but he would have been successful in some other way.

turn 3 : The speaker is reflecting on the fact that Lincoln's willingness to work with his rivals was seen as a weakness by some in Washington at the time, but in hindsight, it was a display of personal strength and leadership

turn 3 : James Buchanan had an impressive career in politics and government.


And you can do that just out of a gut feeling, or experience or cracking the file?Or how does that work?

Well, it uses statistics. You know, it's kind of a little bit like the whole money ball argument that we hear about baseball. But it goes through the file, and it looks, and it kind of sees that - you could say the noise in the image is not right, and often it's a little too random. It's almost a little bit too perfect, you might say.

And then the statistics comes out, and it says oh, well, you know, it gives you a number, and the number is over a threshold, and you say oh, that's an alarm bell, and I'll look at it.

It must be an interesting history to this whole steganography idea.

turn 1 : figures in this context means numbers, referring to money likely

turn 1 : In turn 2, A is using the metaphor of "money ball" to refer to the use of statistics to determine if an image is a false one

turn 1 : This implies that B want to probably have a picture with A.

turn 1 : Using "a quarter" to mean money is a non-literal meaning.


turn 1 : to suck up in this context means that they use a lot of something, in this case its using a lot of money for campaigns

turn 1 : "it's sort of like my way of giving back" - The literal meaning is that the speaker sees the sport as an opportunity to give back to the community. The actual meaning is that the speaker wants to use their involvement in the sport to contribute to something meaningful, such as a research project.

turn 1 : to watch someone play means to watch them perform

turn 1 : Money ball" is a term used to describe a strategy of using analytics to optimize performance in sports, suggesting that the speaker is using a similar strategy to identify suspicious files.


turn 2 : (3) is a sign of amusement, indicating the speaker was laughing at the metaphor.

turn 2 :  The actual meaning of these turns is that A and B are inquiring whether the car has been used and tested, not just looked at.

turn 2 : (3) implies that the speaker wants to know what the speaker observed,

turn 2 :  In turn 3, A is referring to the statistic's number as an "alarm bell" to signify that something might be wrong with the image.

turn 2 : THERE IS AN UNUSUAL CONDITION WHICH IS UNEXPECTED


Yeah. I do have to ask this. At the same time, don't the Clintons play rough too?There are a number of women who really do feel that they were treated badly by Bill Clinton in a personal and sometimes intimate way. And they felt that the Clintons tried to smear them.

Obviously it is disgraceful to take advantage of an intern or an employee. And he did that. And it was wildly foolish and disgusting. But I wonder, you know - there's a problem that Clinton has and it's this - these things are going to come up. They may even come up in the debates in the fall. What is she going to respond to it?It would be nice if she responded, hell yeah, that's why he spent six months on the couch.

But I don't know that that's something that she has in her. And it's certainly an incredibly sensitive area for Hillary Clinton. And it may be what constricts her in a lot of other ways as a candidate as well.

Joe Klein, he writes a column for Time and, of course, the author of "Primary Colors. "Thanks so much for being with us.

turn 1 :  "It would be nice if she responded, hell yeah, that's why he spent six months on the couch." - The literal meaning would suggest that it would be favorable for Hillary Clinton to respond positively and assertively to the accusations against Bill Clinton. However, the implied meaning is that it is unlikely for Hillary Clinton to respond in such a manner due to the sensitive nature of the situation.

turn 1 : 4) is that Hillary Clinton gave an impromptu news conference in Iowa, denying knowledge of the issue and demanding the FBI director release more information. Her allies also criticized the FBI's actions.  The implied meaning, however, is that Clinton and her allies are reacting to negative news about her campaign and attempting to deflect attention away from it. The language used suggests a degree of defensiveness and desperation, as they try to shift blame onto the FBI and portray the issue as a partisan attack by Donald Trump.

turn 1 : the literal meaning implies that B is asking for forgiveness from the Senator. However, the implied meaning is that B wants to interject or interrupt the conversation, acknowledging the potential interruption in a polite manner.

turn 1 : Implies that Bill Clinton should have known better than to take such an action.


Thanks for being with us, Scott. The president, of course, was in Paris this week. He was president Macron's guest for Bastille Day. There'd been some attention in this country which would affix President Macron as somehow a different figure than President Trump. The two of them seemed to get on very well. There seemed genuine rapport.

That's right. I think if this improves relations, it certainly improved body language when it comes to President Trump in Europe. You know, there were so many images at the G-20 of Trump just looking isolated, big policy announcements put out by every country except the United States. So I think Macron sensed an opening here. He saw that Trump needs a friend, an ally, a wingman - whatever you want to call it - in Europe.

And Trump has a long track record of responding when people show him respect and welcome him. There's certainly nothing more welcoming than a big parade being put on, so this seemed to work. They seemed to get along. The question is, does this get Trump to shift on any of the key policy differences?Starting with climate change, where they could not be any further apart.

There was a phrase in the press conference where he said, well, maybe there will be something with the Paris accords, right?

turn 1 : Macron was not afraid to offend Trump by not shaping the summit to his liking.

turn 1 : Europe wants to assert its independence from the US while risking consequences

turn 1 : Macron sensed an opening here. He saw that Trump needs a friend, an ally, a wingman - whatever you want to call it - in Europe." Implicated meaning: Macron recognized an opportunity to establish a closer relationship with Trump because Trump lacks strong support or alliances in Europe.

turn 1 : The implied meaning in this turn is that the speaker is asking for an opinion on the fiscal policy situation in Europe.


turn 2 : The President has been using flashy events and rallies to maintain the spotlight on himself and his presidency

turn 2 : The positive outlook is giving him the support he needs to continue campaigning.

turn 2 : The president is trying to divert attention away from negative news about him and his administration

turn 2 : And Trump has a long track record of responding when people show him respect and welcome him. There's certainly nothing more welcoming than a big parade being put on, so this seemed to work." Implicated meaning: Trump tends to respond positively when he is shown respect and hospitality, and hosting a grand parade was a way to create a welcoming environment that appealed to him.


turn 3 : This statement implies that President Trump is skeptical of the CIA's findings and is seeking irrefutable evidence before taking action.

turn 3 : The literal meaning of (4) is that President Trump had dinner with military families, called in photographers and said that it may be "the calm before the storm". When asked why he said "you'll find out". The actual meaning of (4) is that President Trump is creating a sense of mystery and suspense, which implies that there may be something major yet to come.

turn 3 : A suggests that Trump's behavior is predictable in certain ways.

turn 3 : There was a phrase in the press conference where he said, well, maybe there will be something with the Paris accords, right?" Implicated meaning: During the press conference, Trump made a vague statement suggesting that there could potentially be some reconsideration or change regarding the Paris accords, although it remains uncertain or unclear.

turn 3 : is asking for the president's statement today, but the actual meaning is asking for an update on the situation.


At the center of this terrific story is a prisoner - prisoner Z he's called - and his guard. Tell us about their relationship.

Yeah. I'm just very interested, you know, fascinated, heartbroken, obsessed with the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and our need to find peace on that front. But, yeah, I get very interested in the weave between both sides that everyone's always like victim and avenger at the same time.

And I thought - to me, in terms of a real and metaphoric idea of it, I thought of this guard and his prisoner and the idea of both of them sort of being trapped together. There is, of course, a guard who is in a better position than a prisoner. But in the end, as the years pass, you know, it sort of becomes vague of who has freedom at all.

I will explain. The guard is Israeli. And prisoner Z is in prison because he is accused of betraying the Israeli state.

turn 2 : The statement from B implies that there is some kind of activity or task involved between them that is easier to perform when there are no guards present.

turn 2 : The lyrics to the song imply the person working as a guard is in a very similar position to the person who is incarcerated

turn 2 : This implies that it is difficult to distinguish between the guard and the prisoner who are trapped together.

turn 2 : It is easier to do something when there are no obstacles (guards) around.

turn 2 : It is being implied that the criminals are having a difficult time.


James Foley would have turned 41 today. The journalist who was murdered by the Islamic State was known for his reporting on the conflicts of the Middle East. Jim Foley's life will be celebrated in his hometown of Rochester, New Hampshire today. The memorial service is taking place at Our Lady of the Holy Rosary Parish. Father Marc Montminy, a close friend of the family, is leading the service. He joins us now. Thanks for being with us.

You're very welcome. It's good to be with you.

What do you remember about Jim Foley?

We remember him as a child. Many people around the world remember him more as an adult 'cause when you're young, you see people from one vantage point. As you get older, they develop and grow into their own person. Jim was always a happy guy. He was also, I felt, very pensive at times. He was a thinker. He was the type of guy who could see things that perhaps other people didn't see as clearly.

turn 2 : His memory had these girls staying the way they were and not changing into what they are now.

turn 2 : is asking what the subject thinks of the portrait painted of him, but the implied meaning is asking what the subject thinks of President Bush's gesture of honoring those that served under him by painting their portraits.

turn 2 : (4), when B says "Let me ask you about the recall, senator. What do you think happened?" the actual meaning is not just a request for information, but also an implication that the senator may have some responsibility or involvement in the recall.

turn 2 : "What do you remember about Jim Foley?" - The literal meaning of this question is asking for specific memories or recollections of Jim Foley.

turn 2 :  The phrase "he knew what he signed up for" is being interpreted and remembered differently by different individuals involved in the situation. The actual meaning of the phrase may vary depending on the context and the perspective of the people involved.


What do you remember about Jim Foley?

turn 3 : "I mean, first of all, you can see it in the amount of - number of times that the president talks about this, that candidate Mitt Romney talks about this, as well as across the board." - This turn uses a metaphorical meaning of "see it" to refer to observing the frequency of politicians discussing climate change, rather than literally seeing it.

turn 3 : He felt like he was watching a contestant on a game show.

turn 3 :  "He was the type of guy who could see things that perhaps other people didn't see as clearly." - The literal meaning of this statement is that Jim Foley had the ability to perceive things more clearly than others.

turn 3 : He was having a hard time thinking of an idea and then saw something.

turn 3 :  The implied meaning of (4) is that Jeff Jarvis is not only a media analyst and professor of journalism, but also a commentator on the current news and media situation.


Really, the link is, you know, if you strip away the neuroses, maybe. You know what I'm saying?I spend all day being other people - literally transforming. You know, for a book to function, it's not - I can tell the difference between realities. But it has to be a functioning reality. The character has to be real. And I imagine that's exactly what happens for a spy who was, you know, in deep cover.

I just think, yes, I wouldn't make it for a second if I had to do it in front of another person. So if you take the privacy of the room away, maybe that's the link. It's about inhabiting other realities in a convincing - beyond convincing. It has to be more than that. It has to be real for the person.

Nathan Englander, his book "Dinner At The Center Of The Earth. "Thanks so much for being with us.

Oh, truly, thank you.

turn 0 : to take on a role in this context means to act like a character.

turn 0 : Implied meaning: The speaker is indirectly suggesting that they may have information or opinions that they are hesitant to share openly.

turn 0 : when something is made clear in this context it means that it is explained so people understand

turn 0 : In turn 1, the speaker is implying that they have an understanding of what it is like to be a spy, as they spend their day transforming into other people, and they must make their character and reality believable.

turn 0 : (1) The actual meaning of turn (1) is different from its literal meaning, as it implies that the speaker is ready to defend their state against any legal challenges from the Trump administration and has a track record of success in litigation against them, indicating a confident and confrontational approach.


Oh, truly, thank you.

turn 1 : (3) implies that the speaker wants to know what the speaker observed,

turn 1 :  (2) Implies that the speaker is asking if the person they are talking to has anyone that helps them verify the facts that they are gathering.

turn 1 : In turn 2, the speaker is implying that the privacy of the room is important for them to be able to inhabit other realities and make them believable.

turn 1 : This turn does not mean that the speaker is proposing to explain that they slept in motels, but rather that they are suggesting to mention it as an additional piece of information to the conversation, which is a different meaning than the literal one.


So on Sept.  5, the Trump administration ended DACA. Anybody whose DACA ended between Sept.  5 and March 5 were able to apply for an extension. Mine, unfortunately, expires on March 22. So I was basically two weeks shy of being able to apply for an extension.

What has been the advice that you've gotten in terms of what needs to happen next or what you can do?

Well, what people don't really realize is my DACA has expired before. You know, it takes quite a while for all of these things to be processed. And so I filled everything out. And my DACA actually expired. And I had to - you know, my employer was not able to employ me. So I had to stop and go on a leave of absence. It was extremely humiliating. And obviously, that disruption to your life is, you know, pretty devastating when you're not getting paid.

On Thursday, President Trump also referred to African nations using a highly offensive term. You are originally from Nigeria. What's your reaction to that?

turn 2 : A's job may be at risk due to the expiration of their DACA status, and they are hoping for a DREAM Act to be passed.

turn 2 : Coming out of the shadows and revealing her status as a DACA recipient has allowed the speaker to pursue her dreams and be proud of her identity.

turn 2 : Many people are losing their jobs and companies are going bankrupt.

turn 2 : If they began to lose money steadily then they would change their pay.

turn 2 : Losing DACA could result in job loss and humiliation


Well, I want to offer condolences to you and the Virginia Beach community. I'm wondering what you can tell us about how people are holding up. I understand you visited a hospital where some of the people wounded in the shooting are being treated still.

I did. You know, this is - again, it's a horrific tragedy, and our hearts go out to certainly the 12 victims that showed up for work yesterday for the city of Virginia Beach intending to go home. And this tragedy occurred, and they weren't able to. And so there's a tremendous void in their families and our community right now. There's a lot of hurt and healing that needs to take place.

I was able to go to the hospital this morning. My intentions were twofold. I wanted to thank the caregivers, the doctors, the nurses and the administrators. And then also, I was able to speak with one of the patients and the families. And they're just such strong and faithful people and just going through what must be one of the hardest experiences in their lives. They were just very grateful for the care that they were receiving and grateful for the heroic work of the law enforcement agents yesterday.

Inevitably, after each mass shooting, there are calls for tighter gun laws. You introduced a number of gun control bills in Virginia's General Assembly back in January, not even six months ago.

turn 1 :  "writing very disparaging things about our victims - not believing them, dismissing their cases, not bothering to work on them."

turn 1 : The speaker is expressing sympathy for the victims and their families.

turn 1 :  The speaker is expressing regret about the death of a fellow student.

turn 1 : The speaker thinks that innocent people and children were killed in the conflict

turn 1 : : The speaker is expressing frustration or disappointment about a situation, and may be looking for empathy or support from the listener.


turn 1 : The Sandy Hook shooting radicalized A against gun violence.

turn 1 : The Sandy Hook shooting made me strongly against gun violence.

turn 1 : It's hard to determine who could have committed the shooting at Compound due to the diverse audience

turn 1 : The shooting was a terrible tragedy and has left a lot of hurt and healing needed in the community.

turn 1 : No politician is to blame for the shooting in Dayton


Sarah M.  Broom grew up in a yellow house in New Orleans East, 10 minutes from the French Quarter, the youngest of 12 children. The house was bought by her mother in 1961 and grew into something more than the family's home. It became its hearth and its center. But like many places in New Orleans, the earth below it was already sinking years before Hurricane Katrina hit.

The ground was fragile. And of course, that fragility is the thing I picked up on as a child when we were playing hide-and-go-seek, when we were playing ball in the yard, you know, we came up with all of these stories about the danger of the ground. And that becomes the thing that, in a way, haunts me.

Sarah M.  Broom's debut book is called "The Yellow House," and it's a memoir of a place that was hard in many ways but also indelible in the history of her family.

It was a house that I loved deeply, in fact. And I say that because I feel it's impossible to love any place, and to truly love it, to truly see it for what it is, without taking in all of its complexities and its nuances. And I also feel that way, by the way, about America, which I love deeply and am always interrogating, right?So the house created such complexity of emotion for me because it was the place my mother bought. And the house, at some point, really was in disrepair. It was falling down all around us. And even in those moments, my mother was always trying to fix it back up.

turn 0 : The house was small for the family living in it, despite having multiple floors.

turn 0 : He would be able to go home happily when the baby was born.

turn 0 : The story was told to people and many became aware of it.

turn 0 : The pieces mean memories of the person's childhood that they were able to make sense of.

turn 0 : The home became where the family would all get together at and where they felt the most love.


turn 1 : People start to stop thinking of anything while driving.

turn 1 : The brain is capable of adjusting to unusual situations quickly.

turn 1 : The phrase, "on the ground" implies being in a place or situation where something important is happening, rather than somewhere else.

turn 1 : The dangers of the ground is something the person remembers and thinks about a lot.

turn 1 : It's not an insult to think about what has happened again and to make sense of it and see where things were related to each other.


Correct.

And that's the idea?

That's exactly the idea and that's where we are today. So you kind of keep the country in limbo. And you say, as long as there's no election then I get to be president.

Have there been any calls for President Kabila to be investigated, forced to step down, impeached, put on trial for violating the constitution?

turn 1 : Implies a question as to whether the idea presented is correct.

turn 1 :  implies a question asking if the idea has been used in any other contexts.

turn 1 : B disagrees with the premise of the question but is willing to discuss it further.

turn 1 : example of a rhetorical question, which is used to make a point rather than to actually seek an answer.

turn 1 : (2) The literal meaning of this turn is a simple question, but the implied meaning is that the speaker wants to know what actions can be taken to address the issue being discussed and is seeking guidance or suggestions.


Correct.

And that's the idea?

turn 1 : Turn (2) has an actual meaning that is different from its literal meaning. The speaker is not discussing an attempt to physically move goalposts, but rather a rhetorical strategy of avoiding answering certain questions.

turn 1 : (2) Implied Meaning: Is this the overall goal we are striving towards?

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be conveying a hidden message or agenda that requires further exploration or analysis to fully understand.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker might be implying a hidden agenda or ulterior motive behind their words, actions, or decisions, without making it explicit.


Correct.

And that's the idea?

turn 2 : It is being implied that if everyone resigns he will be the new leader.

turn 2 : Implies that the current situation is a de-facto form of long-term leadership by President Kabila, without the need for elections.

turn 2 : Implies that the speaker is asking for the other person's opinion about the political implications of the current situation.

turn 2 : The people want visible and effective action against corruption and terrorism.


Correct.

And that's the idea?

turn 2 : is asking for the president's statement today, but the actual meaning is asking for an update on the situation.

turn 2 : (3) Implied Meaning: Is President Kabila using the current situation to remain in power?


Correct.

And that's the idea?

turn 3 : It is being implied that if everyone resigns he will be the new leader.

turn 3 : This implies that people are already curious to know how A intends to defeat Trump.

turn 3 : They don't think Nancy Pelosi would begin impeachment proceedings if she wasn't sure that what she knew would get the president impeached.

turn 3 : Implies a question as to whether any action has been taken to remove President Kabila from power.

turn 3 : implies that A has endorsed Hillary Clinton and believes she effectively addresses the issues.


Correct.

And that's the idea?

turn 3 : The implied meaning of this turn is that other members of the White House may seek legal counsel in light of President Trump's actions.

turn 3 : (4) Implied Meaning: Is there any pressure on President Kabila to step down or face consequences for his unconstitutional actions?

turn 3 : (4) Implied meaning: Does Mr. Trump have the support to win the Republican nomination, or is it uncertain?

turn 3 : Implied meaning: Is there any indication of what will happen next in the conflict?


Well, we had some great conversations about what it took to play the position. And you know, Bob Watson, who started out as a catcher, was one of the committee members. Phil Niekro, Bert Blyleven and Don Sutton, Pat Gillick, all pitchers, all Hall Famers, were really able to add a lot of insight to what it must have been like.

And the other - one of the main things we talked about was just how they played much shorter schedules in the 1870s. So when you look at career statistics, that's a huge distortion. Deacon White ended up with 2,000 career hits, but he was playing in a - in an average of 40, 50, 60-game schedules a year. So there was no way to generate the kind of career milestones that we look at as benchmarks today. You know, 3,000 hits would be all but impossible. And 2,000 was a terrific accomplishment.

And the number of errors he recorded even as a great defensive catcher would have been, you know, totally unacceptable by today's standards.

Oh, exactly. Yeah. And again, an issue where we had to really sort of look at what - compare him to people from his own era. And when we did that, you know, it became really obvious just how much he stood above his contemporaries.

Are the records from those days good enough that you have reliable accounts of who was good and who was great?

turn 0 : The catcher is tough and plays a crucial role in the pitcher's success.

turn 0 : A good catcher is essential for the success of the team.

turn 0 : Bob Watson's transition from catcher to committee member added unique insight to the position.

turn 0 : Getting rid of the person that was chosen to lead a committee regarding the automobile industry. The president is changing is mind on this and Justin Hyde can tell us why.


turn 1 : We appreciate the opportunities we get to perform

turn 1 : The requirements for these positions are very strict and may seem excessive.

turn 1 : Being good at something is not enough for success.

turn 1 : The times have changed a lot in society and it is noticeable.

turn 1 : Shorter schedules in the past distorted career milestones and accomplishments.


turn 2 : A good catcher is essential for the success of the team.

turn 2 : Having a good catcher is crucial for the team's success and many great managers are former catchers.

turn 2 : The catcher is tough and plays a crucial role in the pitcher's success.

turn 2 : Playing catcher is a dangerous position that can cause permanent physical harm.

turn 2 : The standards for catcher errors have evolved over time.


turn 3 : Studying history helps to make better decisions in the present.

turn 3 : Comparing a player's skill to their peers is important when assessing their historical impact.

turn 3 : There is an actual recent increase in intellectual ability among students.

turn 3 : is to practice or prepare for a performance.


I understand, Mr.  Doyle, that you and other members of the Watergate investigation team still with us - well, you have reunions now and then. And I gather for the first time you had a reunion on the actual anniversary of the Saturday Night Massacre. What are the - my 15 year old now says, you know, what's the tea?What went on there?

Three weeks ago, Saturday night October 20, the Watergate Special Prosecution Force held a reunion. It was the 45th anniversary of the Saturday Night Massacre. None of the senior leaders are any longer with us. But the young idealists who had been in their 20s back when we began, they all showed up in their 60s and 70s as earnest as ever, as idealistic as ever and still full of hope.

Sorry.

No, I think someone was talking to you, telling you that, I think, we're running out of time. But did you want to make the final point?

turn 0 : The turn with an actual meaning different from its literal meaning is (4) "Don't try this - well, he tried it at home, I guess." This statement is a sarcastic remark that implies that the speaker thinks the project the 18-year-old completed is difficult or dangerous and that the listener should not attempt it. However, the speaker acknowledges that the 18-year-old had the audacity to try it anyway.

turn 0 : The statement implies that the relationship was from childhood but has now taken a new dimension.

turn 0 : The 15-year-old is asking for the details of the reunion, not the tea

turn 0 : They suppose that informing young people in an engaging way would be appropriate.


Sorry.

turn 1 : The young idealists who attended the reunion are still passionate and hopeful despite their age

turn 1 : People of all ages can make good friends regardless of their stage in life

turn 1 : The crowd was emotionally invested in the event, regardless of their race or age

turn 1 : They might bring the person closer to what they hoped for in their life.

turn 1 : I was prime, meaning I was the ideal age to appreciate and enjoy the book.


Sorry.

turn 1 : The candidate had something troubling in their past.

turn 1 : A relies on multiple sources to ensure accuracy, unlike Watergate reporters who required two sources

turn 1 : He worked on the intelligence committee and learned a great deal of things that most people don't know about the world.

turn 1 : is asking how intelligence agencies have changed in response to Edward Snowden and WikiLeaks hacking

turn 1 : The people who were part of the Watergate investigation team still held onto their youthful idealism.


But then today, the insurgent leader said he couldn't guarantee the safety of this team because of the fighting that's going on in the city of Slovyansk, and so he released them. And I should say - or I should mention that another Western observer of this team, a Swede, had already been released last weekend for health reasons.

Do we know where they are now?

They've returned to Donetsk here and basically south of Slovyansk where they were being kept for a number of days. And they had some trouble getting here because of the fighting that's going on between Ukrainian forces and pro-Russian separatists along the way. The German leader of the team says he and the other former captives' spirits are high.

What is the latest on the fighting?What do we know?It seems to be going on in several locations throughout Ukraine.

It's still continuing to some extent in Slovyansk, but it seems the focus today is on a city south of there about 10 miles called Kramatorsk. I was there yesterday, and I could see the separatists preparing their defenses. They set up tractor-trailers to close off the main road to Ukrainian armored vehicles. And it was also evident that some of these separatists were very professional-looking masked-soldier types with automatic weapons. And I hadn't seen these people before in the area.

turn 4 : The actual meaning is different from the literal meaning in turn (3). When A says "these are a very tall or short people. A one-eyed sniper was one person that he referred to," they are not literally referring to people who are only tall or short or have one eye. Rather, they are using these descriptions as a way to suggest that the volunteers mentioned by the separatist commander are unconventional and perhaps not what one would expect to see in a typical military unit.

turn 4 : In turn (5), when the speaker says, "And I hadn't seen these people before in the area," the actual meaning is that the speaker has observed armed and masked separatists in the area who appear to be professional soldiers. This statement implies that the separatists are not just a group of local civilians who have taken up arms, but rather they may have received military training and support from a foreign government or organization. This implication is a departure from the literal meaning of the words used in the turn.

turn 4 : None of the turns in this statement have a figurative or non-literal meaning. The speaker is describing a specific case they worked on and their role in collecting and analyzing physical evidence related to the crime.

turn 4 : (1) In turn (1), the speaker implies that the arrest of the two prominent individuals is concerning and raises questions about the current situation in Iraq.


I wish I could think of a better opening. Tell me the Lyndon Baines Johnson story, if you could, please.

So during LBJ's administration, Mary was at home in her apartment one night. And she got a call from someone saying that he was with the Secret Service and the president planned to stop by. Mary was immediately convinced that it was one of her colleagues or friends pulling her leg. But when she opened her door and saw two Secret Service men standing by the elevator, she furiously began to tidy up her apartment and prepare for an impromptu visit from the commander-in-chief. Lyndon came in, they had a drink or two and Lyndon professed his great affection for her, Mary, I'm crazy about you, and made clear that he wanted to sleep with her. And in a way that was prototypically Lyndon Johnson, also said, I know you love the Kennedys, and now you should love me, which has to be about the worst pick-up line. . .

(Laughter).

. . . That I've ever heard in my life. And certainly the worst pick-up line for Mary.

turn 2 : (2) Laughter could mean disbelief, surprise, or disbelief in what A just said.

turn 2 : The turns (2) and (4) are both expressions of laughter, which implies that the speaker is amused by the story being told, rather than the literal meaning of making a noise.

turn 2 : B's laughter does not have a literal meaning but is likely a response to something humorous or lighthearted in the conversation.

turn 2 : The turn "Laughter" is not meant to indicate that someone is actually laughing but rather to acknowledge the humorous nature of the story being told.


Yeah?

. . . Is this important, really, at the end of the day?Or is this all a distraction?

Well, in a lot of ways, this is a distraction from the larger issue, which is the Russia investigation and the concern that Russia's been influencing our elections, right?But in the one side, who was involved or who did what with whom?The real problem is that Russia is attacking our body politics. And we have to come together as Republicans, Democrats and really fight back against that problem because we've got by-elections coming up here in 2018.

Jamil Jaffer is the founder of the National Security Institute. Thank you very much for joining us.

Thanks for having me.

turn 1 : B disagrees with the premise of the question but is willing to discuss it further.

turn 1 : A is not fully agreeing with B's statement

turn 1 : It implies that A believe and understand what B means to a large extent.

turn 1 : B believes that the topic being discussed is not important.

turn 1 : A is discussing a scientific concept or discovery with B.


Yeah?

Thanks for having me.

turn 2 : The identity of the person involved in the Russia investigation is less important than the fact that Russia is attacking the body politics and needs to be fought against.

turn 2 : There is always people that are suspicious of those that are associated with Russia in any way, even the smallest way.

turn 2 : that Russia views itself as a victim of a Western conspiracy and is retaliating with its own tactics.

turn 2 : The Russian goverment doesn't get many chances to do the right thing where people all over the world will see and know about it.

turn 2 : We need to give it our best attempt and relations with Russia could use some help to get better.


So, for those people that are stuck on that buy-and-hold, we'd suggest to them, look at more market history. If you have a listener who has lost 30 percent in the market in this down cycle, they need the market to compound at seven percent per year for the next six years to get back to even. If they've lost 40 percent, they need eight years at seven percent. You know, frankly, I know elderly people who have been left in this market by people who believed in that buy-and-hold theory, you know, that are now in their 70s, 80s and even 90s. They don't have 11 years left. They will never see their money back.

So, what would you advise for the rest of us?

Well, I would advise a couple of things. One is stop listening to Wall Street platitudes. Wall Street, frankly, doesn't know anything. If they did, they would not have left their clients in for one of the greatest bear markets of all time. Number two, use some of your own judgment and common sense. People with long-term horizons might want to step a toe in the markets, but you have to do it with an open mind that you may lose more money. And if you are not prepared to lose more money, don't go in to the markets. There will be a day when earnings stop going down.

So, we've all heard, don't open, don't even look, at your 401(k) statement; just put it away. You say, no, look at it and rebalance?

turn 2 : I learned from my past experience and prepared accordingly.

turn 2 : Dug his feet in implies that he will not change his mind about the issue

turn 2 : walk me through means to explain why to the person asking

turn 2 : (4) is that the toe must be served in a specific type of alcohol.

turn 2 : Step a toe means to test the waters and try something new


Tell me a little bit about the violence. What happened?

The biggest single attack was a suicide bomber here in Kabul. The suicide bomber, trying to get into a polling station, was stopped by a policeman. He detonated his explosive vest outside. In the north, there was shelling in Kunduz. We know that they burned down one polling center outside of Kunduz city. And there's been some irregularities, as well. One local strongman on the outskirts of Kabul brought his armed men in. He's a candidate, and he tried to prevent other people from getting to the polling station. So not by far the cleanest elections. The Afghan government has announced it's arrested a few dozen people for fraud and intimidation. They're trying to make sure that Afghans will have faith in this election.

One of the more hopeful signs, though, this time around is the number of women running, right?Over 400. What will this mean?

They are guaranteed 68 seats in the parliament for each province, but I think the real key has been the number of young people running. As you said, Lulu, there hasn't been parliamentary elections in eight years. The current parliament has been a frustration to many, almost a symbol of the corruption and patronage that has held Afghanistan back. And it was really interesting to see election observers at the polls. There were 400,000 of them - many of them there to support their own candidates to make sure that their candidates got a fair shake in these elections. The fact that so many young people and nonpoliticians were willing to put themselves out there, I think, shows that there's a new generation of Afghans trying to change things.

turn 2 : The women are not running but they are trying to get elected.

turn 2 : (2). The literal meaning of (2) is that a record number of women were elected to the Senate and House in 1992, and there has been a gradual increase since then. However, the implied meaning is that there is still a significant underrepresentation of women in Congress, and more needs to be done to achieve full equality and representation.

turn 2 : The only thing that women wants is money and status in society.

turn 2 : The listener asks whether women played a crucial role in the election.


So California Chrome is supposed to be a little slow out of the gate.

He's all right out of the gate. He's fidgety in it. He's actually a lovely horse disposition wise - loves people, is very tractable. But in the gate he gets really easier to go so he will fidget, fidget, fidget. And one very top trainer, Bob Baffert, who has won his share of Triple Crown races said if he can get out of the gate well, he will win this race.

He has got white homes. And I have read white hooves make a horse vulnerable.

Yes. Well, white hooves does tend to be softer than dark hooves. And his actually point east and west, his front feet, he does not have straight feet. You can see in the starting gate. He's like Charlie Chaplin in there.

turn 1 : The turn in (2) is a figurative expression and its actual meaning is different from its literal meaning.

turn 1 :  The turn of phrase whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning is:  (2) "out of the gate" - in this context, it means how well the horse starts the race from the starting gate, rather than literally coming out of a gate.

turn 1 :  (2) is a metaphor that implies the speaker was impressed by the announcer's ability to quickly and accurately recite all the names of the horses.

turn 1 : The literal meaning of turn (2) is a question asking what the speaker can add to the race that other candidates do not already have. However, the actual meaning is that the speaker is being challenged to prove their value and justify their entry into the race. The literal meaning of the turn does not reflect the underlying challenge and skepticism expressed by the speaker.

turn 1 : The literal meaning: The speaker mentions that they discuss this as a significant starting point or origin for the book. The implied meaning: The speaker suggests that this event plays a crucial role in shaping the themes or direction of the book.


Yeah, it's a fine line. There is definitely a vernacular in law enforcement that is regional. On the West Coast, we call them suspects. On the East Coast, I think they call them perps - or maybe that's just the New York or the New England region. . .

Perps, short for perpetrators.

Yeah, short for perpetrator. And for a long time, our crime scene investigators weren't called crime scene investigators. They were crime scene analysts or forensic specialists and whatnot. And just about everybody has now changed their scientific investigations division to be called CSI. 'Cause you got to, you got to answer the phone: CSI, Smith.

Have you had screenwriters, aspiring novelists or actors say to you what kind of person is a cop?Why do they do it?

turn 2 : The turn "Literally, I went to the scene of the crime" is meant to be taken at face value as a statement about the speaker physically going to the location where a crime was committed. There is no figurative or non-literal meaning to this turn.

turn 2 : The turn that has an implied meaning different from its literal meaning is (3). In this turn, the speaker is discussing how the names of crime scene investigators have evolved over time, and how many departments have now adopted the name "CSI." However, the implied meaning is that popular culture, specifically the TV show CSI, has had an influence on the naming conventions of law enforcement agencies.

turn 2 : Turn (3) describes the discovery of clues that led to the unraveling of the scandal, which is consistent with its literal meaning.

turn 2 : The literal meaning of the turn only provides information about the showrunners, but the actual meaning involves the compromise and the speaker's feelings about it.


(Laughter).

So. . .

So I take it you don't like it.

I think it's kind of a joke. I think it has nothing to do with Wall Street.

Well, bullish markets - that sort of thing - yeah?

turn 1 : This is an expression of agreement, but it also implies that the speaker is willing to continue the discussion.

turn 1 : The speaker is asking the other person to continue the conversation.

turn 1 :  (2) - This is used as a response to show agreement with the speaker.

turn 1 : The person is asking the other person if they can say someting that might make them think differently about something.

turn 1 : The speaker in (1) is agreeing with the speaker in (2). However, in (3), the speaker is emphasizing their agreement with the previous speaker. The speaker in (4) is continuing the conversation by summarizing what has been said before.


(Laughter).

So. . .

So I take it you don't like it.

turn 3 : You wrote that Americans don't understand Wall Street, but you don't really know what you're talking about either.

turn 3 : You don't like the topic and think it is a joke, not related to Wall Street.

turn 3 : not a literal meaning but rather a rhetorical question.

turn 3 : The actual meaning of turn 3 is that Bernie Sanders has gained popular support and this popular support should be taken into account rather than just looking at the math.


(Laughter).

So. . .

So I take it you don't like it.

turn 4 : In the given context, the literal meaning of turn (4) is that B is simply asking A to clarify what they mean by "loan product," specifically asking if they are referring to subprime loans. However, the implied meaning of turn (4) is that B may be trying to redirect the conversation away from the topic of subprime loans, which have been associated with the housing market crash, and potentially avoid blame or responsibility for their role in the crisis. This can be inferred from the fact that B interrupts A while they are discussing the role of loan products and the irresponsibility of consumers and mortgage banks.

turn 4 : The implied meaning of this turn is that B is suggesting that the joke is related to Wall Street, such as the stock market and other financial activities.

turn 4 : The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker is asking how people can become trapped in debt due to car title loans and consumer finance loans.

turn 4 : The implied meaning in this turn is that B is suggesting that Rob Kuznia should be hopeful of getting a job offer from a big-time newspaper editor.


Well, I think he needs to do a lot of things. We first have to realize that we've got in the pipeline climate change, and we're committed to a few more degrees of warming, kind of, no matter what we do, so we have to have an adaptation strategy. How are we going to protect coast lines against intensified hurricanes?How we're going to deal with the increased fires in the West?What are we going to do with melting glaziers?

We've got to do that regardless of climate policy. To try to control emissions, we have to deal adaptation. The second thing is we have to use our energy more efficiently. We need building codes. So what we're going to have to do is to nationalize the kind of California activities where everybody has to participate and it's not just a random lottery of states values. Then finally, we have to help the brilliant American industry to be able to invent our way out of the problem through cheaper solar machines and better grids for wind machines. And we need incentives. We'll need loan guarantees.

I mean, if we can spend almost a trillion dollars bailing out some greedy people who messed up in an under-regulated environment, how about spending a tenth that much trying to produce green jobs, and at the same time, reduce our dependence on foreign oil and help the environment.

How do you think our current economic situation is going to affect efforts to curb global warming?

turn 0 : The idea of climate change is not new but our understanding of it has improved.

turn 0 : Climate change is a significant issue in people's opinions and politics

turn 0 : We are already committed to climate change, so we need to focus on adapting to it.

turn 0 : A deeper understanding of climate change is needed to comprehend its effects.

turn 0 : Understanding climate change is not just about seeing, but also about perception.


So there's always been this open question about why Deutsche Bank lent to Trump when other banks wouldn't. And for investigators, the question is, you know, all the more pressing because Deutsche Bank has really a record of malfeasance and irregularities.

Tell us more about that history, some of the allegations. We mentioned money laundering earlier.

Right. Well, yeah, money laundering - the bank paid fines totaling $630 million in 2017. Regulators said some of its clients moved a huge amount of money, like $10 billion, out of Russia into offshore accounts illegally. And Deutsche Bank basically allowed it to happen. The - and the allegations about money laundering continue. Just recently, in November, the bank's headquarters in Frankfurt were raided by investigators. They were looking at how Deutsche Bank helped set up illegal accounts as part of this big, money laundering - global money laundering scheme.

So add to that Deutsche Bank paid $7. 2 billion for helping set up toxic mortgages before the financial crisis. It paid a big fine for violating U. S.  sanctions against Iran and Syria. So really, the bank has a long record of scandal, to say the least.

turn 1 : The speaker is suggesting that there may be a hidden agenda or underlying motive behind their words.

turn 1 : The literal meaning of turn (4) is that CNN was unable to verify some of the claims that Dr. Ben Carson has made about his past, including an incident where he stabbed a friend and his application and acceptance to West Point. However, the implied meaning is that Dr. Carson may have exaggerated or embellished these stories in order to make his personal redemption story more compelling. The turn (4) uses the phrase "the implication is" to indicate that this is not a direct accusation, but rather a suggestion or insinuation.

turn 1 : "history" and "allegations" - While these words may have a straightforward meaning on their own, in this context, they imply that there is a pattern of wrongdoing that has been documented.

turn 1 : The literal meaning of turn (4) is that the interviewer is seeking clarification on what the interviewee means by "bad things going on." However, the actual meaning is that the interviewer is making an assumption that "bad things going on" primarily refers to guards abusing inmates, even though the interviewee did not explicitly state this.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker might be implying a hidden agenda or ulterior motive behind their words, actions, or decisions, without making it explicit.


turn 2 : "the investigation is going to focus on money laundering." - The actual meaning of this turn is literal, as it refers to the literal focus of the investigation on the illegal practice of disguising the proceeds of crime as legitimate funds.

turn 2 : The actual meaning of the third turn is that the speaker is implying that the current administration is trying to prevent important information from being released, and this is why they are pushing people to contact them with information.

turn 2 : Implicates that the speaker finds the idea of trading money for information about potential terror attacks morally objectionable.

turn 2 : allowed it to happen" and "set up illegal accounts" - These phrases suggest that Deutsche Bank was complicit in facilitating illegal activity.

turn 2 : The person complained publicaly about things that were illegal and private.


. . . He had some important local impact. And that is something that we should not lose sight of - is that the journalists that are being targeted in Mexico are local journalists doing the work that no other news organization, the large news organizations are not doing, which is expose. . .

Yeah.

. . . Corruption, expose crime, expose government negligence in the localities and cities and towns across Mexico, and we are being deprived of those voices.

I gather that cartel violence is also growing in Mexico. Do you see these two facts as related?

turn 2 : We are being deprived of the media that tells the stories of illegal activity in Mexico.

turn 2 : Mexico is facing a very serious and dangerous situation.

turn 2 : The Mexican government is constantly communicating things about the army in all ways that they can.

turn 2 : By contributiing to Trump's campaign they are seen as contributing to the mistreatment of Hispanics because Trump speads this kind of rhetoric. They are giving Trump the means to continue his divisive rhetoric.