And we just kept saying, Emily will come. Emily will come. She's going to come. She's going to come. And all of a sudden, as we get to that opening, this arm just reaches out and grabs my son. And she says, I'm here. I'm here. I'm here. It's Emily. And we all just buckled our knees and fell to the ground and hugged her. And then we just had to get up and move.

Fifty-eight people died in the shooting. Five hundred and forty-six more were wounded. Thousands of people went through a massacre. Melissa Barham and her loved ones escaped without physical wounds.

I just remember driving out of Vegas, headed towards southern California as dawn broke. And I hadn't cried at all. And then I got to our off ramp for our house off the freeway. I stopped there. I just started bawling and crying. And then it was just a couple blocks to our house. And my husband was waiting for us. I left the keys in the car. I left everything in the car. And I just walked up to him and buried my head in his chest and said, I got everybody home and completely fell apart.

And how are you doing?

I'm sad. I'm depressed. I feel like I've aged. Like, I'll look at my reflection in the mirror when I get out of the shower. You know how you catch a glimpse of yourself when you're out and about?

turn 4 : A: I'm sad.I'm depressed.I feel like I've aged.Like, I'll look at my reflection in the mirror when I get out of the shower.You know how you catch a glimpse of yourself when you're out and about?

turn 4 : The tear in your eye is not a literal tear, but a metaphor for sadness or emotions

turn 4 : The actual meaning of (3) is, A is expressing a feeling of sadness and nostalgia over the loss of a loved one.

turn 4 : The photograph reminded me of my childhood and almost made me cry.


We look for simple answers, so we look at the Sudan sometimes as Islam versus Christianity. That's not really what's at stake. Or we look at it as the Arabs against the non-Arabs. We don't look at the problems that are the result of the boundaries that were set up. We don't look at the impact of the changing climate. We don't look at the issues of oil, we don't look at the corrupt government that's running the Sudan.

So, we don't spend the time, and then what happens is we throw up our hands when there is no easy solution. I think part of what would help, frankly, is more programs like yours, where there's a deeper examination as to the roots of the situation. And, I think, then people would be less likely to fall into fatigue. But when you're looking for simple answers and they don't arrive, I think people would rather just hide under the pillows.

Here's another case of tough decisions to be made. We have talked about attacks against African immigrants who come to South Africa. Now, it seems that there is Ugandan - attacks against Ugandans, there have been attacks against Zimbabweans and Mozambiquens.

There's a new commission by the president to try to look into this attack - series of attacks. What's that commission trying to do?

turn 1 : to be silent about something is to not talk about something, or to keep something a secret

turn 1 : hide under the pillows implies not being straightforward or saying lies and not to physically hide or cover their bodies with pillows in the bed

turn 1 : Asking why the person is hiding their baby and not showing it to the public.

turn 1 : "I sneak around dating under the noses of my kids." - The literal meaning is that the person is secretly dating someone while their kids are around. However, the actual meaning is that the person is dating when their kids are asleep and unaware of it.

turn 1 : "hiding in plain sight" - this is a figurative expression meaning that someone is trying to remain inconspicuous while being in an obvious location.


Well, this case is about responsibility. And one of the examples that's been seen a lot lately was one of the ones that shook me to the core when I first saw it. It was an advertisement. And the tagline on the advertisement was, consider your man card reissued. What kind of society allows manhood to be defined in this way?

I'm struck by something that the family's lawyer told the court. He said Remington may never have known the shooter. But they had been courting him for years.

I think that's accurate. If you are selling a product and promising dominance, masculine success and a sense of outmatching your opponents in a very physical and, in fact, lethal way - I mean, who do you think that kind of advertising is going to connect with the most?

As you know, gun-makers do have broad immunity - broad protection under federal law that was passed in 2005. It's protected them from lawsuits before. Are you worried that this decision in Connecticut could be overturned by the U. S.  Supreme Court?

turn 2 : In (2), the speaker is saying that advertisers are desperate to reach young male viewers and are investing in esports to do so. The literal meaning is straightforward, but the implied meaning is that traditional forms of advertising are becoming less effective in reaching younger generations, which is why advertisers are turning to esports as a new platform to reach their target audience.

turn 2 : The only thing that women wants is money and status in society.

turn 2 : Rigid masculinity implies that men are not able to express themselves and it's killing them.

turn 2 : Advertising that promises dominance and masculinity appeals to certain people


What kind of inspiration did it take to make you into a poet?Who did you read?When did you start reading, or did someone read to you as a child that made you love poetry?

I started reading at the age of three, and I like to think that it's because of my parents, who were working-class people, who only had - both my mother and father only graduated from the eighth grade. So that they read, and they read a lot. And put their arms around me while they read. And I'm convinced that that has a lot to do with getting you to understand how to read. I would look at their mouths and I'd look at the page, and somehow, I figured it out. Then I tortured everybody by reading every sign, everything, which I still do.

So if you had to name a few other people, and I'm sure there'd be a long list. But just one or two people who you love.

Gwendolyn Brooks, Langston Hughes, Paul Laurence Dunbar, Kenneth Rexroth.

turn 1 : The speaker is expressing appreciation for the theme of father-daughter relationships in the book and acknowledging that it has personal resonance for them.

turn 1 : The poet's work is inspired by various cultural influences and experiences.

turn 1 : "Well, about 20 years ago, we were thinking about doing a literary magazine because at the time there weren't too many journals out there for new writers. There weren't many literary journals at all during that time. And so we stumbled upon an idea that we had started with one of our friends from college where he had given me a first line to start a story." - This turn has a literal meaning and it explains how the idea of the literary magazine was born and how they came up with the concept of exchanging first lines to create stories.

turn 1 : She creates lines of written work in stories that sound good and have a great deal of emotion. Also, the way she writes her stories has a great deal of meaning.

turn 1 : The speaker's parents' love of reading played a crucial role in their development as a poet.


turn 3 : The speaker lists some of their favorite poets.

turn 3 : The poet's work is inspired by various cultural influences and experiences.

turn 3 : In turn (4), the speaker is thanking Ms. Sprackland for her participation in a poetry contest.

turn 3 : The speaker identifies with various forms of art and culture, and has a deep appreciation for life and love.

turn 3 : No matter where a person works they can find inspiration to write a poem.


Help us understand. Just how good were the Lightning before this collapse?

Oh, quite good. They had 62 wins in the regular season. That tied the all-time NHL record for wins in a season. This was a team that was doing historic things in the regular season. Consider this. Thirty of their 62 victories were by three goals or more. So every time they stepped on the ice, they weren't just winning. They were blowing away their opponents.

So it's safe to say any sane hockey analyst (laughter) basically would have said that the Lightning was going to win the series, right?So what happened?

(Laughter) Well, I think Lightning defenseman Ryan McDonagh put it best. Everything that they did so well in the regular season, the Columbus Blue Jackets did it better in this series. But the bigger picture is this for the Lightning. They clinched a playoff spot in early March. They've been on cruise control for months. The Columbus Blue Jackets had to win seven of their last eight games just to get into the playoffs. So when push came to shove and adversity hit in the series, the Lightning had a bad six days compared to a great 82 games in the regular season, and then they were swept.

turn 0 : when a company collapses, it means they went out of business.

turn 0 : "collapse" in line 1 - The word "collapse" is being used metaphorically here to refer to the unexpected defeat of the Tampa Bay Lightning in the NHL playoffs, rather than a literal collapse.

turn 0 : "and that was the beginning of the fatalities." - The implied meaning here is that the fall resulted in people dying, rather than just being the start of a sequence of events.

turn 0 : "puzzle pieces to fall back down in place" - This is a metaphorical phrase used to describe the resolution of trade issues. It means that the trade issues need to be sorted out and resolved before the situation can return to normal.

turn 0 : The hurricane caused severe destruction and devastation in the area.


turn 1 : The phrase "blowing up like this" does not literally mean that the speaker is exploding, but rather that they are becoming popular and gaining fame

turn 1 : "blowing away" in line 2 - The phrase "blowing away" is being used metaphorically here to refer to the Tampa Bay Lightning's dominant performance against their opponents, rather than literal blowing.

turn 1 :  "blows in from elsewhere" means "originates from other regions" rather than "physically blows in from other regions"

turn 1 : you took my breath away implies being very amazing, surprising and beautiful in view and performance. Not taking someone's breath or air by trying to suffocate them


turn 2 : "safe to say" in line 3 - The phrase "safe to say" is being used idiomatically here to express the idea that it is highly likely or almost certain that any sane hockey analyst would have predicted the Tampa Bay Lightning to win the series, rather than a literal guarantee of safety.

turn 2 : He is implying that he is still not safe.

turn 2 : The speaker is implying that the increase in closeness to the action is not matched by an increase in safety, so people may be put in danger.

turn 2 : The speaker is suggesting that the situation might not be as serious or dangerous as it initially seemed.

turn 2 : (4): This turn actually means: "Will people now start to support the Columbus Blue Jackets?"


turn 3 : "But do you think that the lessons of storms like that, but especially of Galveston, mean that the loss of life and property on that scale really isn't likely to happen again?" - The literal meaning of this turn is whether the lessons from Galveston and similar storms will prevent a recurrence of such a disaster. The actual meaning is whether the efforts to mitigate the effects of such disasters can prevent such high levels of loss of life and property.

turn 3 :  "Let's start by talking about a feature called automatic emergency braking."

turn 3 : "cruise control" in line 4 - The phrase "cruise control" is being used figuratively here to suggest that the Tampa Bay Lightning had an easy and comfortable ride during the regular season, rather than a literal reference to a car's cruise control system.

turn 3 : The whiplash means that a person turns their head around quickly as the other person change's their opinions.

turn 3 : And that - just the fear of that happening is enough to drive people away, isn't it?" Implicated meaning: B is suggesting that the fear of experiencing the unpleasant situation described earlier (being delayed in a stalled subway car with no electricity and stifling air) is enough to make people avoid or choose alternatives to using the subway system altogether. The phrase "drive people away" implies a strong deterrent effect on potential users of the subway.


Right. They're kind of barracks, right?This sort of - people don't have privacy.

No privacy. In some cases, they actually look like slave cabins. I mean, they're small. They're wooden shacks. Many of them - in fact, I have not seen one. They do not have bathrooms in the living facility itself. If you don't have a bathroom in your home or in your living space, you have to walk, in some cases, quite a ways to get to the toilet, to get to a shower. And this creates another vulnerability for women and something that they always have to be careful of, especially young girls.

What needs to happen, in your view?

Oh. I sigh because it's been such a long road. I think the best way for women to protect themselves - the best way that I've seen in the many years that I've organized has actually been a union contract. And that's because a union contract has a grievance process that guarantees that there will be no retaliation, that provides a means of justice and fairness and a response that's speedy, that addresses the issue, that allows farmworkers to actually have abusive supervisors fired and go back to work and be safe. If there's no way for an abuser to be actually punished for what he's doing to the women in the workplace, then it doesn't work. It doesn't work. And women are not going to complain. They're not going to feel safe.

turn 1 : No privacy. In some cases, they actually look like slave cabins. - The literal meaning of this turn is that the living conditions for farmworkers are so poor that they resemble the living conditions of slaves in the past. The actual meaning is that the living conditions are dehumanizing and lack basic amenities, which puts the workers, especially women, in vulnerable situations.

turn 1 : The living conditions of workers are terrible and lack privacy and basic necessities

turn 1 : In turn (4), the speaker is expressing admiration for a place they are visiting, specifically highlighting the presence of an emu and a day-old goat. The literal meaning of the turn is that the speaker finds the place charming and enjoys the presence of the animals. However, the implied meaning of the turn is that the speaker may be easily impressed or may have a naive or idealized view of rural life. The use of the word "bucolic" suggests a romanticized view of the countryside, and the excitement over the presence of relatively common animals suggests a lack of familiarity with rural environments. The turn implies that the speaker may not have a deep understanding of the realities of agricultural life and may be easily swayed by superficial or picturesque elements.

turn 1 : The turn that has a figurative meaning is (3) "agriculture is a leaky system". This is a metaphorical way of saying that the agricultural industry is vulnerable to various external factors, such as weather-related disasters, which can cause significant damage.  The other turns do not have any apparent figurative meaning and can be interpreted literally.


What needs to happen, in your view?

turn 3 : "Oh, wow." - This turn's actual meaning is different from its literal meaning. In this context, it is used sarcastically to express disbelief or surprise.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: Amused disbelief at the sudden change in the status quo.

turn 3 : Oh. I sigh because it's been such a long road. - The literal meaning of this turn is that the speaker is exhaling loudly because of a long journey. The actual meaning is that the speaker is expressing exhaustion and frustration from the challenges of advocating for farmworkers' rights.

turn 3 : The literal meaning is that the listener doubts that they would tire of hearing from the speaker. The actual meaning is that the listener is being polite and respectful towards the speaker.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is subtly trying to convey a sense of urgency or importance in the matter being discussed, without explicitly stating it.


In the meantime, what does this mean for the elections in Afghanistan?

It certainly doesn't say anything good. The government, you know, keeps saying that it's planning to protect the polls, that it will protect the polls, that it's sending out - I think, 70,000 defense security personnel will be deployed across the country to protect the polls. But it's also said that it's going to have to shut down - almost a third of polling places that were used in previous elections will not be open because they don't feel they can protect them. So that's a pretty strong admission of the limited ability of defense forces. So this has been a violent season, and I don't think anybody expects it to become less so.

That's Pamela Constable of The Washington Post. She spoke to us from Kabul.

Thank you so much for sharing your reporting.

turn 1 : It doesn't actually speak, but it it does mean that nothing good comes from the information.

turn 1 : NOTHING IS NOT GOOD.SO IT WAS A VERY MEANING FULL

turn 1 : The speaker is suggesting that there may be a hidden agenda or underlying motive behind their words.

turn 1 : Speech has enabled us to communicate more effectively and creatively, enabling us to come up with solutions and strategies to deal with situations.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be hinting at something indirectly and expects the listener to understand the intended message.


turn 1 : The situation in Afghanistan is unstable and dangerous, and there are concerns about the security of the upcoming elections despite government assurances.

turn 1 : ISIS in Afghanistan is a threat through high-profile attacks

turn 1 : The outcome of the parliamentary election is uncertain, and it is difficult to predict what will happen next

turn 1 : There are dangers that cause problems by doing these polls.


Yes, and I suppose my book, quite apart from being a memoir about my mother and what happened to her and this mystery - it's also a campaign against collective silence because these people who knew - they knew. And they knew, and they never said anything, all the way through, decade after decade. And I went back in the 1980s to Lincolnshire with my mother and my brother to try to find out more about everything that'd gone on. And even then, they wouldn't talk to us. They would talk about absolutely anything else, but. . .

Why not, do you think?Why were they still so protective of these old, old, old secrets?

I think that they were protecting one particular person - my mother's adopted mother, a woman called Veda Elston.

The woman you knew as your grandmother.

turn 0 : Implied meaning: The speaker is indirectly suggesting that they may have information or opinions that they are hesitant to share openly.

turn 0 : A is advocating for social and political change.

turn 0 : Everyone is talking about something that no one can deny as everyone sees it. It might not upset people who like Bernie Sanders and make them want to vote for someone else.

turn 0 : The phrase "it's also a campaign against collective silence"  has a non-literal meaning, as it does not refer to an actual physical campaign but rather a figurative one, meaning that the author's book aims to raise awareness and encourage people to break their silence on the topic.

turn 0 : it is a metaphorical field, it just means there are not as many candidates running for the election as there was in the past because some decided not to continue running


That will not happen. The Senate will not seat Roland Burris tomorrow, barring some major change of heart on the part of the Senate Democratic leaders. They feel that, as they had said back in December, that anyone appointed by Rod Blagojevich, who was, of course, accused of holding a kind of auction for this Senate seat to the highest bidder, anyone appointed by that governor would not be acceptable to them.

And they haven't changed their minds even though they have said repeatedly they have no objection to Roland Burris in particular to take that job. So one assumes that they will stand by that tomorrow and that Burris's appointment, that is to say his seating, will be delayed probably for a matter of several weeks.

Very briefly, Ron, the latest in the impeachment proceedings against Illinois Governor Rod Blagojevich, where do they stand?

State House committee on impeachment today reviewing a 54-page document reviewing all the accusations against Rod Blagojevich. We expect them to vote on impeachment this week, probably Friday.

turn 0 : Senator Gregg should have behaved as if aware that Obama and administration are Democrats

turn 0 :  A: "the Republicans have 52 votes in the Senate" - This statement is not referring to physical votes but rather the number of Republican senators in the Senate who are likely to support the nomination.

turn 0 : The Senate Democratic leaders will not approve Roland Burris as a senator because he was appointed by Rod Blagojevich, who was accused of selling the Senate seat to the highest bidder.

turn 0 : There are many potential candidates for the Senate seat

turn 0 : Senator Obama is leaving the Senate to become president


Well, historically there have been and are very large Lebanese expatriate communities in South America and Africa and, more recently now, in North America. And of course the vast, vast majority of those communities are perfectly law-abiding and wonderful people. But within those communities, over the course of the Lebanese civil war, you had some people who were providing support back home to one or another side of the civil war. And in the wake of the civil war, that continued. And as Hezbollah became the primary powerhouse on the Shia political, social and military side of the equation, support for the group continued to flow from the Shia Lebanese expatriates, some of whom were only supporting the group because it supported the Shia community back home and others because they supported the group's opposition to Israel, opposition to the West and sometimes even its axe militancy at home and abroad.

And what do the drug cartels get out of this arrangement?

They get their product moved. They get the proceeds of their transactions laundered. And those are the two things, along with production in the first instance, without which they don't function. And they really don't care who they do business with. They don't care if you call yourself Hezbollah or something else. Most of the people that do this for them are not terrorists. As long as you can move product and launder product, they don't really care about the rest of it.

turn 0 : Why would Hezbollah have anyone in Latin America except on vacation? Implicated meaning: The speaker is questioning why Hezbollah would have a presence in Latin America, suggesting that their presence is likely for reasons other than vacation. The speaker implies that there might be ulterior motives or activities that Hezbollah is engaged in within Latin America.

turn 0 : The literal meaning of turn (1) is a request for information about the options available to the United States at present. The implied meaning, however, is that the speaker is concerned about the situation in Syria and is looking for possible courses of action that the United States could take to address the root cause of the humanitarian crisis there. The speaker believes that the Assad regime's practice of shelling populated areas not under its control is the main driver behind the crisis and that this should be the focus of the United States' response.

turn 0 : Although the literal meaning of this turn is simply asking for a description of the current situation, the implied meaning behind it is that the speaker is expressing frustration or confusion about the conflicting messages they have heard from President Trump regarding the removal or retention of U.S. forces in Syria. It could be interpreted as a way of questioning the credibility of the information that has been provided so far and seeking clarification or a more definitive answer.

turn 0 : The speaker is pointing out the cultural differences between America and their country, where America tends to cover up imperfections while their country embraces them. Implicated meaning: The speaker values authenticity and honesty over superficial appearances.

turn 0 : Literally, turn (4) is asking for information about which countries are blocking entry to travelers and how that will affect them. However, the implied meaning is that B is concerned about the impact of travel restrictions on those countries and possibly on the global effort to contain the Ebola epidemic.


turn 2 : "the investigation is going to focus on money laundering." - The actual meaning of this turn is literal, as it refers to the literal focus of the investigation on the illegal practice of disguising the proceeds of crime as legitimate funds.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker might be implying a hidden agenda or ulterior motive behind their words, actions, or decisions, without making it explicit.

turn 2 : The literal meaning of the turn is to ask what role the United States can play in trying to combat human trafficking. The implied meaning is to ask what role the United States should play in trying to combat human trafficking.

turn 2 : Actual meaning: A is pointing out the lack of discussion and attention given to a potential solution to a problem due to the dominance of the Trump-related discourse. Literal meaning: A is discussing a method of repealing Obamacare that involves tax credits and encourages consumer choice.

turn 2 : And what do the drug cartels get out of this arrangement? Implicated meaning: The speaker is asking about the benefits or advantages that the drug cartels gain from their involvement or collaboration with Hezbollah. The speaker suggests that there is an arrangement between Hezbollah and the drug cartels, indicating a deeper connection and mutual benefit beyond a simple association.


Oh, it was wonderful. My father used to play the accordion and my brothers used to sing as well. So growing up with them, I learned a lot. It was not difficult for me to become a musician. I just have to create my own identity - that was the hard part.

(Singing in foreign language)

Some people call your sound Congo Rumba. What does that phrase mean to you and what kind of flavors do you try to put into your music?

Rumba is an old form of music that requires two people to come together and dance. It originated way back in our traditional music. Of course, the name sounds familiar because of Kuba. We know Kuba is a very strong African tradition so they played that kind of music as well. So, when it came back to us in Africa, especially in Congo, it was welcomed back home. So, it's a very old type of music, and it's about love. It's about (unintelligible). So, I like to sing for lovers. I like to sing for peace. I like to sing for people who can dance to people.

(Singing in foreign language)

You're donating percentage of the sales from the CD to the Dikembe Mutombo Foundation, and we spoke with Dikembe last year on the show. He's — just remind folks from the Democratic Republic of Congo a place for the NBA. How did you connect with his foundation?

turn 0 : The speaker is expressing frustration with the limitations imposed on them by their identity.

turn 0 : In turn 1, the speaker is implying that they have an understanding of what it is like to be a spy, as they spend their day transforming into other people, and they must make their character and reality believable.

turn 0 : "I just have to create my own identity - that was the hard part." (Literal meaning: Creating one's own identity was difficult.)

turn 0 : None . There's nothing in this that implies anything.


(Singing in foreign language)

(Singing in foreign language)

turn 2 :  (2) implies that Mr. Groves is joining the conversation for the purpose of providing his expertise on the topic.

turn 2 : to be connected to something in this context means something happened because of something else

turn 2 : "You're donating percentage of the sales from the CD to the Dikembe Mutombo Foundation...How did you connect with his foundation?" (Literal meaning: The speaker is asking how the interviewee made a connection with the Dikembe Mutombo Foundation.)

turn 2 :  (3) is a polite way of thanking Robert Groves for joining the show


My pleasure.

And we will get to civilization being in danger, I assure you. But first question - you just heard our interview with our Justice Department correspondent. Is it a good or bad decision not to release the Democratic memo?

I think it's a mistake. I've read the memo. And, again, our entire society is based on, you know, counterpoints. You think this. I think that. And the Socratic process is that the truth falls out as you go through that back and forth. I think it's a mistake not to release.

I have to tell you, you're one of the first public officials I've heard quote the Socratic process. I will mark that - which raises the question that you raise, why does this budget deal put civilization in danger?

turn 1 : The interviewer is surprised by the guest's knowledge of the Socratic process and is implying that the guest's opinion is reliable.

turn 1 : The interviewer reminds the speaker of what they've been saying, which is different from what the speaker is saying now.

turn 1 : (2) implies that the speaker is not enthusiastic about the topic

turn 1 : Asking why the candidate is outstanding, not just inquiring about the story

turn 1 :  The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker is thanking the guest for appearing on the show and expressing appreciation for their insight


My pleasure.

turn 2 : The White House made a mistake by not releasing the Democratic memo, which may discredit their claims of FBI corruption.

turn 2 : "Before it was released, a lot of Democrats said the result of releasing the memo would be catastrophic.Last night and today, many Democrats seem to be saying, is that all you got?Are you kidding?" Implicated meaning: The speaker is highlighting the difference between the Democrats' initial reaction to the release of the memo and their reaction after its release. They suggest that the Democrats' fears of catastrophic consequences were unfounded and that the memo did not contain anything significant or damaging.

turn 2 : The implication of this turn is that people want to be able to look at the original documents and decide for themselves what is relevant and important, instead of relying on a news organization to make that determination.

turn 2 : A believes that releasing the memo is necessary for the truth to come out through a process of debate and discussion, and not releasing it is a mistake.

turn 2 : The actual meaning of the third turn is that the speaker is implying that the current administration is trying to prevent important information from being released, and this is why they are pushing people to contact them with information.


Sure.

So explain to us why you gave that request, which we agree is a legitimate request.

Security. So I wrote an in-depth and possibly embarrassing report on a top aide to Saudi Arabia's Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman. The report was on Saud al-Qahtani, who's best known in the West for masterminding the murder of Jamal Khashoggi, the Washington Post journalist. But he also heads up the kingdom's efforts to intimidate and silence critics, primarily through online hacking. So if there is a computer hacker sitting in Riyadh who's been tasked with finding out who wrote this report on his boss, I want to try to make his life a little bit harder.

So in terms of what you found in your research, what does Facebook mean when it says that Saudi Arabia engaged in coordinated inauthentic behavior?

turn 2 : The speaker is implying that the initial positive buzz surrounding the book was overshadowed by the negative review and the controversy that followed.

turn 2 : The backlash means that people are complaining about the situation.

turn 2 : to silence critics means to threaten them with something horrible.

turn 2 : speaker is talking about the importance of respecting speech that is offensive

turn 2 : Talking about unpleasant things can have a purpose


For many people in Hollywood, Weinstein's behavior did not come as a surprise. Rumors had circulated for years, and that gossip network helped warn some women away from him. Anne Helen Petersen is Buzzfeed's culture writer. She argues that gossip has a vital purpose, especially in Hollywood.

You know, I don't think that all gossip is progressive or feminist. You know, gossip is a major way of policing women's behavior. But at the same time, gossip about which men are dangerous, which men you shouldn't go on to lunch alone with - that sort of information is currency that women use to protect one another.

And in this last week, a document surfaced that was essentially a burn book for men in - who work in the media. The contributors are women who work in the industry, and the accusations are anonymous. They're unsubstantiated. The complaints range from rape to being unsupportive of female colleagues. It's a real range, and it puts illegal behavior, in a way, on the same level as dislikable and unfair behavior. So when does gossip become destructive and more about maligning people than really identifying serious abusers?

This is the - you know, with the thing about gossip networks, sometimes called whisper networks, is that the reason that they work is because you know the woman who is saying the thing to you. So I can - when someone says to me, this is what type of guy this is, I can decide what to do with that information based on that woman.

turn 1 : The literal meaning of this turn is that people might think news organizations are concealing information, but the actual meaning is that people might think news organizations should not be concealing information.

turn 1 :  "gossip is a major way of policing women's behavior" - The actual meaning is not that gossip is used to regulate women's behavior, but rather that it is often used as a tool for spreading information about potentially dangerous men, helping women protect themselves.

turn 1 : Police should conduct themselves in a professional and polite manner to improve public perception and relations

turn 1 : (4) can mean "Many of us have participated in this system in some way, whether we were the victims of harassment or assault, or if we chose to stay silent, which may have enabled perpetrators to do the same to other women."


turn 2 : The person complained publicaly about things that were illegal and private.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker might be implying a hidden agenda or ulterior motive behind their words, actions, or decisions, without making it explicit.

turn 2 : Distinguishing between criminal acts and sleazy behavior, and whether people should lose their jobs over it.

turn 2 :  "It puts illegal behavior, in a way, on the same level as dislikable and unfair behavior" - The actual meaning is not that illegal behavior and dislikable behavior are being equated, but rather that both types of behavior are being reported anonymously without any substantiation, making it difficult to differentiate between them.

turn 2 : The complaint was about someone that exposed something being done illegally by another person or group.


And did people confront you?

The Daily Stormer readers clearly thought it was me from the comments that were directed at me that very clearly said that I hope - Dean better hope he dies of natural causes before we get him, things like we should hang him from an elm tree. And in their comments, they clearly saw - thought I was a terrorist. And just so it's clear for people, The Daily Stormer is not your average white supremacist neo-Nazi publication, if there is such one. It is one where readers go to, they exchange information. They animate each other into action.

And readers of The Daily Stormer have committed acts of violence. James Jackson, who I wrote about that May 2017 article, came to New York in March from Maryland to start a race war and killed an elderly African American man and thankfully was arrested before he could kill others. And others have read this publication. So when they say confront you there, it's not a normal publication saying, go challenge his opinions. It is direct action, encouraging people to literally confront me and to commit acts of violence.

OK. But I'm just curious about why, if you feel that these people are promoting and fomenting violence, why isn't this a criminal matter as opposed to a civil matter?I mean, a civil matter is between two private parties, and the only consequence could be money, right?That's the only way it can be a remedy. But if you feel that this group is actually encouraging violence, why isn't this a criminal complaint?

turn 1 : Despite any obstacles, they are committed to reporting on the storm via the internet.

turn 1 : They will continue reporting on the storm via the internet no matter what.

turn 1 : The Daily Stormer readers are not just exchanging information but also inciting each other to commit violent acts.

turn 1 : (3) While the topic being discussed is "big" and "bold," the implication is that the author's focus is on how individuals hurt each other on a day-to-day basis rather than just the headlines and news stories.

turn 1 : Journalists tend to talk over each other in a room full of journalists


We were with addicts on the street as they were having encounters with law enforcement. We were in treatment centers with people trying to kick the addiction. There's this one phenomenal picture of five inmates. They're all pregnant and being let in to get their methadone and things like that. We were in in drug courts, where people were being dealt with by the criminal justice system.

I think one of the reasons that it's gotten so much attention is because of the spareness with which we report it. We just report anecdote after anecdote after anecdote after anecdote over seven days. And anybody who reads it cannot come away without understanding how deep and how pernicious and how totally involving of our society this epidemic is.

Are there things that happen in Cincinnati every day that people walk past that you wanted to use this opportunity to share with?

Well, yes, I mean, in the sense that we wanted people to understand that this is going on all around them. Heroin is not a demographic or racial or any socioeconomic status - however you want to put it - drug. Its terrible reach is universal.

turn 0 : Proposes a different approach to dealing with non-violent drug crimes.

turn 0 : The manufacturers fraudulently created a demand for opioids in chronic pain cases, which was not present before their efforts.

turn 0 : The criminal justice system is heavily involved in the opioid epidemic.

turn 0 : There is a problem with gun violence in America.

turn 0 : "So crack down on the doctors, but make sure there's a support system ready for their patients."  The implied meaning of this turn is that while it is necessary to hold doctors accountable for any role they may have played in fueling addiction, it is equally important to ensure that patients receive the necessary support to cope with the aftermath of addiction.


turn 1 : The impacts of opioid addiction and other diseases and deaths of despair were not fully appreciated until they were seen to have had a significant effect on the election outcome.

turn 1 : The impact of the opioid crisis and other economic and social struggles in affected communities was underestimated in its effect on the election.

turn 1 : Everyone is aware that the issue of high prescription drug costs needs to be addressed, but there are opposing views on how to do so.

turn 1 : Oklahoma wants funding to help opioid treatment due to lack of support and high addiction crisis

turn 1 : The severity of the opioid crisis affects people of all backgrounds and has far-reaching consequences.


turn 2 : The development could have a significant impact on drug storage.

turn 2 : The availability of technology is causing more people to become addicted to activities they might avoid.

turn 2 : Everyone is aware that the issue of high prescription drug costs needs to be addressed, but there are opposing views on how to do so.

turn 2 : The drug epidemic is pervasive and affects people from all walks of life.

turn 2 : Men are more likely to engage in dangerous drug use without help from another person.


turn 3 : They are implying that drugs running rampant in their country may be cause for "unemployment."

turn 3 : Doctors may push certain medications for reasons other than effectiveness

turn 3 : The drug epidemic is pervasive and affects everyone regardless of background or social status.

turn 3 : The impact of the opioid crisis and other economic and social struggles in affected communities was underestimated in its effect on the election.

turn 3 : The war on drugs has resulted in the implementation of harsh sentencing practices.


You know, right now, this is one of those, the nener nener is a really great way of putting it, because this thing almost played out like it was a "Dallas" show on TV or something, just trying to figure out what was going to happen with these California rivals, going - trying to work it out with each other.

At the end of the day, you know, I think Yahoo!may have made a smart decision. I'm being hopeful for that. I'm being totally speculative on this point. If they can work out this partnership with Google, which is what the game changer has been, why Microsoft walked away from this deal, and that is a proposed opportunity for Google to allow Yahoo, to use its search-advertising technology.

And its search-advertising technology is probably the best on the web, so that made Yahoo feel like, hey, we actually have another option. Maybe we don't have to sell out. Maybe we can just utilize some licensing from our partner-slash-competitor and still be able to keep our brand intact. So, it all remains to be seen, but I think it may have worked out that they didn't do it.

Let me throw another company into the mix. What about AOL?After the big AOL-Time Warner merger in 2000, the combined company lost billions of dollars. Now, Time Warner dropped AOL from its name, fired the AOL CEO. Now wants to offload the company. Are any of these three companies we're talking about, Yahoo!, Google and Microsoft, going to go belly up and buy AOL, you think?

turn 3 : The speaker in turn (1) is not just explaining the reason why Microsoft needs to become the number two search-engine in the world, but also implying that acquiring Yahoo is the best way for them to achieve that goal. The speaker suggests that Microsoft's MSN's portal is not doing well in the number three position and acquiring Yahoo would give them a better search-engine opportunity, which would increase online advertising dollars. The speaker believes this acquisition would make a lot of sense to do.

turn 3 : Yahoo was considering selling out but decided to keep their brand intact.

turn 3 : Samsung is not the main target, Google is

turn 3 : B threw another company in the discussion and assuming that yahoo, google and microsoft gonna buy AOL together


Well, they basically came to myself, and from what I found out tens of thousands, if not hundreds of thousands of small businesses, and cut our credit limits down to bare bones. We had had a - what they call guidance of $165,000, which they tell you you have no credit limit, but you really do. They cut it to $5,000 which was laughable. We're a company with sales into eight figures and profits into seven figures, never have had a lost, been in business 27 years, and we called to question it. We were treated very poorly. The woman was actually nasty on the phone.

So we thought we don't need American Express, we have Capital One, Visa cards, and MasterCard, and everything else, and so we just closed our American Express account. I personally went from a Platinum card to a Green card just to have in case of an emergency. So I've not spent a penny with American Express in over a year, so I knew why I got the letter.

Well, tell me why they made that decision to cut your credit line from - you said $165,000 to $5,000?

Mm hmm. Yes. They seemed to have just gone into a panic last January, and I've seen comments all over the Web from other small businesses owners who had the same thing happened to them. They did it without warning. They actually refused charges we had made even though we weren't above our credit limit, we weren't delinquent.

turn 0 : Despite having a good credit history, the credit was not available on time and it caused a lot of inconvenience

turn 0 : I was broke implies being financially bankrupt and not implying having broken bones

turn 0 : bare bones refers to their credit being SIGNIFICANTLY reduced

turn 0 : The sweet spot means they are in a good situation financially to lend to others.

turn 0 : The economists spoke up and said that people should take caution in their finances.


And now to another story we'll hear more about this week. It starts with a number - $90 billion. That's about how much Uber is expected to be worth when it goes public - that despite the fact the company has never actually turned a profit. It's made plenty of money but never more than it spends. Its move to go public and consolidate power comes at a time when Americans are questioning the power of Silicon Valley and leading politicians are calling for the breakup of tech giants. New York Times opinion columnist Farhad Manjoo recently called the Uber IPO a moral stain on Silicon Valley. He admitted his once-bright-eyed take on the startup has dimmed dramatically. He's here to talk with us about why. And he joins us from Mountain View, Calif. Welcome.

Hi. Good to be here.

You say you used to be a naive baby tech pundit who bought into the Uber hype, fanboy of sorts. These are your words. But this past week in your column, you lamented, what's become of Uber?What exactly are you lamenting?

Yeah, I mean, I once thought that Uber could be a win for everyone. You know, we used to - in cities, we used to sort of have these taxi cartels which limited supply and didn't really offer a great service. And Uber seemed like a better version of the taxi. And it also kind of offered these environmental promises. We'd have, you know, people using cars more efficiently. Like, Uber promised that it could get us - you know, more people in cars, get fewer cars on the road.

turn 2 : The speaker believes that the auto industry will not vanish despite the current situation

turn 2 : Uber job was interesting and provided inspiration for songwriting

turn 2 : The speaker used to believe Uber was a positive disruptor in the transportation industry, but now feels differently due to issues with the company's business practices and impact on society.

turn 2 : The speaker's experience as a consumer helped in building their business.

turn 2 : It would be better if the wealth created by Uber was distributed more equitably.


Hi. Good to be here.

turn 3 : It would be better if the wealth created by Uber was distributed more equitably.

turn 3 : The public offering will not be the end of scrutiny and oversight over Uber

turn 3 : Efforts are being made to increase the efficiency of American cars and shift towards renewable energy sources

turn 3 : Despite being unified there are many roads to go forward to in order to find their goal to reach.

turn 3 : Uber promised to make transportation more efficient and eco-friendly by getting more people in fewer cars on the road, but this promise has not been fully realized.


Pounder has also used her leverage as an artist to find apartheid and AIDS, and she owns and runs the Pounder-Kone Art Space in Los Angeles. I've had a chance to visit the space and see the art she chooses for her shows, and now, CC is here. How are you doing?

I'm good. Thanks for having me.

So, you know, you have this space at Atwater Village, one of the, for me, living in Los Angeles, one of the eastern, eastern parts of L. A. , but everyone has. . .

The outpost.

turn 0 : This statement implies that Pounder who is an artist do fight against apartheid and AIDS.

turn 0 : implies that the speaker was advocating for themselves to be violently punished,

turn 0 : A faced racism from both white and black people due to his behavior and interests not aligning with stereotypes of his skin color.

turn 0 : Turn (1) has an implicated meaning that is different from its literal meaning. Although the speaker denies that the remarks were racially motivated, the implication is that the speaker believes they were in fact racially motivated, and is trying to downplay or avoid addressing that implication.

turn 0 : Despite our racial differences, we are all genetically African.


What in this agreement makes it better in your perspective?Because you did say that there was something in it that was, so tell me one thing.

There are. The labor chapter itself is better. However, if you can't enforce the labor chapter, it is meaningless. And so we're trying to get the enforcement on three different levels that I outlined earlier.

So what's your message to Democrats here?I mean, the issue is, so far, the administration has been trying to work with the Democrats. I mean, the trade chief, for example, the U. S.  trade representative, Robert Lighthizer, has been working with Democrats to hear their concerns about it. I mean, and House Speaker Nancy Pelosi has appointed nine House Democrats to committees to negotiate these sort of - these changes.

But there is this some sense that, you know, the administration - others in the administration would like to fast-track it. There is a mechanism for doing that. I mean, do you have a specific message to Democrats?Because, as you know, with such a large - particularly with such a large presidential field, you've got all kinds of different opinions about international trade in that group. Do you know what I mean?So do you have a specific message to them about how to - you would like to see them proceed?

turn 0 : B wants A to explain what makes the agreement better

turn 0 : A is not fully agreeing with B's statement

turn 0 : A is acknowledging B's contribution to the success of their plan.

turn 0 : B is surprised or impressed by what A just said


turn 1 : The people should obey their leaders or lose their jobs.

turn 1 :  (2) implies that people are facing a lot of bureaucracy and paperwork,

turn 1 : A believes that without enforcement, the labor chapter is meaningless

turn 1 : The workers are looking for more than just monetary benefits and want to ensure they are being treated fairly and have the right to negotiate their terms.

turn 1 :  "the employment piece" is a metaphorical phrase that refers to the importance of employment in the overall economic situation, rather than an actual physical piece.


turn 1 : The situation is much worse than ever before and people are starting to think about alternative options if their current job is not secured.

turn 1 : The labor chapter is better but useless without proper enforcement on three different levels.


turn 2 : Republicans need to compromise and negotiate instead of trying to get everything they want.

turn 2 : The US government is not willing to include human rights concerns in trade negotiations with China

turn 2 : The speaker wants the President to negotiate a new trade agreement with Japan

turn 2 : What is your message to Democrats about how to proceed with negotiating the trade agreement?


Absolutely, absolutely.

. . . To provide even more confidential information, yeah.

Also, importantly, this list - the clearance-holders' foreign national contacts. That is the foreigners you are in close and continuing contact with. If I were China, I'd be looking for any Chinese national who pops up in those forms for exploitation. This is counterespionage-101 kind of stuff.

There are widespread reports that China is behind all this.

turn 3 : It implies that there is a lot of political maneuvering happening behind the scenes in China which an average Chinese person have no knowledge about.

turn 3 : There are some groups who see China as a threat, but not everyone agrees with this assessment.

turn 3 :  is that B is implying that China is likely to be responsible for the events in question.

turn 3 : "China has a role in this?"  The actual meaning of this turn goes beyond the literal question. The speaker is implying that China may have some level of involvement or influence in the situation being discussed, suggesting a potential factor that contributes to the problem.


But there are an unestimated huge number of them that are already in circulation and, one would presume, if they were to be outlawed, an underground market. I mean, does the bump stock just go far enough?

Well, I don't know. I mean, look, I think most Americans do support an individual's right to own a firearm. I certainly do. Now, the issue then becomes, you know - I don't think it's practical to suggest that we could have some kind of gun confiscation movement in this country. There are just probably hundreds of millions of firearms that are owned privately.

I wasn't suggesting that. But I mean, what about limiting the number of weapons or rounds that can be contained in a magazine, which used to be the law.

Well, that's a debate we will likely have. Some states have moved in that direction. But I would suggest that the other issue that many of us are talking about, too, is continuing to enhance background checks for the purchase of private sales of firearms. That is an issue that many of us are advancing. Pat Toomey and Joe Manchin advocated for legislation a few years. I had strongly supported it. Now, I don't want to suggest that, you know, enhancing background checks in any way would have stopped what happened in Las Vegas. From what I've learned so far, I mean. . .

turn 1 : means that powerful weapons with lots of capacity on our streets should not be allowed because they are meant to be used in an offensive manner;

turn 1 : (3) Implies that while the issue of violence and firearm violence must be addressed, the rights of gun owners should be respected as well.

turn 1 : (2) Implied meaning: While individuals should have the right to own firearms, it is not practical to suggest the mass confiscation of all firearms in the country.

turn 1 : This statement implies the level of pessimism about the effectiveness of gun control measures given the large number of guns already in circulation in the country, and that most proposals for gun control won't make much of a difference..

turn 1 : shooters means people using a gun, usually for bad purposes


turn 2 : "assault-style weapons" - this is a term used to describe certain types of firearms that have specific features but it does not necessarily mean that the weapon is used for assault purposes.

turn 2 : means that powerful weapons with lots of capacity on our streets should not be allowed because they are meant to be used in an offensive manner;

turn 2 : "assault weapons" - this is a term used to describe certain types of firearms that have specific features but it does not necessarily mean that the weapon is used for assault purposes.

turn 2 : (3) Implied meaning: Is it possible to limit the number of weapons or rounds that can be contained in a magazine, which used to be the law?

turn 2 : 3) is the same as its literal meaning, which is asking for information about the number of stories typically received by the literary magazine.


turn 3 : The background checks will be of anyone and everyone that buys a gun in the country.

turn 3 : Turn (4) is implying that even though research has been conducted in this area, law enforcement has not been paying attention to it and is only now beginning to do so.

turn 3 : The person wants to know where the crimes are not taking place and who is not getting hurt.

turn 3 : (4) Implied meaning: Background checks should be enhanced for the purchase of private sales of firearms to help prevent tragedies similar to Las Vegas.


When you look at what the U. S.  walks away from this summit with, was it a success from the U. S.  point of view?

Well, the one thing - yes, obviously the president, I think, was happy. The president was happy to have been celebrated in the way he was celebrated. Clearly he repeated the mantra of, you know, this imperial visit was the first and most important thing in 200 years.

But I think it's also true that on Iran, they may have gotten a little bit of assistance from Mr.  Abe. He offered to mediate. He's going to be visiting in Iran. And Mr.  Abe and Mr.  Trump both said nobody wanted war; nobody wanted rising conflict. And that may be helpful to the president, who has tried to put the damper just a little bit on the kind of drumbeat that looks like the United States and Iran could end up in a military conflict.

That's Sheila Smith of the Council on Foreign Relations. She's also author of the book "Japan Rearmed. "Sheila Smith, thank you.

turn 1 : The president's statements caused tension among other leaders

turn 1 : The president was satisfied with how he was perceived.

turn 1 : He would be fulfilling a government role and Trump makes it look like he does all of the work.

turn 1 : The president is trying to divert attention away from negative news about him and his administration

turn 1 : The President has been using flashy events and rallies to maintain the spotlight on himself and his presidency


Well, can you describe to us what the situation is on the ground there in Gaza?What does it looked like?What's going on in the hospitals?

It is a very bad situation. The hospitals are ill-equipped and not ready to deal with a mass-casualty event like this one. Israel did allow humanitarian supplies to go into Gaza today. They allowed quite a few trucks to enter. Aid workers on the ground say that it's not enough, that there's still real a shortage there.

Griff Witte is the Jerusalem bureau chief for the Washington Post. Thank you very much.

Thanks, Madeleine.

turn 1 : The situation in Gaza is much worse than the humanitarian supplies suggest.

turn 1 : Arabs sympathize with the people in Gaza, regardless of their governing party

turn 1 : Israel is engaged in a serious conflict with Hamas.

turn 1 : Is this situation just overshadowed by other refugee and humanitarian crises in the world?  Implicated meaning: Is this situation being overlooked or given less attention compared to other refugee and humanitarian crises in the world?

turn 1 : The situation is more dire than what is being reported, as the resources available are not able to meet the needs of the refugees.


From NPR News, it's Day to Day. Later tonight, I will be hosting dinner at my house with friends I invited, which hopefully will keep the meal mellow because we all tend to see eye to eye on most things.

But not everyone is as lucky. If you find yourself sharing a table today with family or friends who don't share your political views, well, fret not. Slate. com's chief political correspondent John Dickerson has put together some ammunition to help you should the conversation turn to politics. He joins us now from his home in Washington, D. C.  Hi, John.

Hello. Happy Thanksgiving.

And to you as well. John, you have for Slate provided backup to both sides of the argument on a number of topics. Let's start off with the financial crisis. Now, let's say that your Aunt Edna is a Democrat and your cousin Joe is a Republican. What argument can each of them make over the pumpkin pie as to who's to blame for all this mess?

turn 1 : A believes that George Bush would want to avoid political discussions and focus on a more positive conversation.

turn 1 : The house is too crowded to have political arguments

turn 1 : The issue being discussed involves human lives and families, making it emotionally charged and difficult to solve.

turn 1 : Political conversations can be contentious and require preparation


Hello. Happy Thanksgiving.

turn 1 : B is skeptical about political discussions during Thanksgiving

turn 1 : If you have a Thanksgiving dinner with family and friends who disagree with you politically, don't worry because John Dickerson can help with some talking points.


Hello. Happy Thanksgiving.

turn 3 : The implication is that the Republicans may have to use strong tactics to pass their agenda, even if it means having to pressure members of their own party.

turn 3 : The economic situation will get worse, and it's uncertain how bad it will be.

turn 3 : B is skeptical about political discussions during Thanksgiving

turn 3 : Even though your family members have different political affiliations, they can still discuss the financial crisis over pumpkin pie.

turn 3 : It's important to prioritize the country's future over personal gain.


Your program's been underway since the fall. Any success stories yet?

You know, it's hard to define success. The phone's ringing. We've gotten about four dozen calls so far, and those tips are kind of in various stages where local law enforcement is working to vet those. But I think the fact that the phone's ringing and information's coming in where it wasn't before is a huge success for us.

Audrey Simkins is the cold case analyst for the Colorado Bureau of Investigations. Thanks for speaking with us.

Thanks so much for giving me a call.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be hinting at something indirectly and expects the listener to understand the intended message.

turn 1 : In this turn, the speaker is not just providing a definition of success but also implying that the program is already showing signs of success by highlighting the increase in tips and information received.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be conveying a hidden message or agenda that requires further exploration or analysis to fully understand.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be expressing a subtle hint or suggestion, rather than stating something directly.

turn 1 : you've got the whole thing likely means that they have everything needed to succeed.


Well, experts and the public are very divided about this matter, as they are on the whole issue of nuclear power in Japan. Critics point out that a lot of the technology for removing the melted reactor cores and stopping radioactive water from going to the sea is still untested. TEPCO emphasized to me that they have multiple contingency plans in place to deal with every possible scenario. And they say they're making progress. At the same time, they admit that none of this is 100 percent risk-free.

Anthony, may I ask, how are you?

I feel good enough. I don't feel eradiated. I was wrapped from head to toe in protective gear, including three layers of gloves, a suit, a face mask, a respirator and a dosimeter, which measures radiation. It was uncomfortable, but I was only in there for a couple of hours. And then I came out. They scanned me numerous times. And at the end of the day, TEPCO's judgment was that I had absorbed about as much radiation as a chest X-ray. But who's to say?

NPR's Anthony Kuhn in Tokyo. Thanks so much for being with us, Anthony.

turn 2 : "I feel good enough. I don't feel irradiated." Implicated Meaning: The speaker states that they feel physically fine and unaffected by radiation exposure, implying that they may not be fully aware of the potential long-term effects or the accuracy of the assessment.

turn 2 : (4): Implied meaning: Advising to not waste energy in trying to convince people who are negative about unknown normal things, since it is not possible to change their mindset.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker is indicating that they are experiencing physical or emotional discomfort, and may be implying that they require sympathy or understanding from the listener. The tone and context of the situation may affect the implied meaning, as the speaker could also be indicating a desire for rest or respite, or they may be seeking permission or justification for their actions or behavior. Additionally, the speaker may or may not be seeking medical attention or advice.

turn 2 : The speaker is suggesting that the situation might not be as serious or dangerous as it initially seemed.


Now, Senator Obama is scheduled to address the convention on Sunday, last week we spoke to Richard Prince, of the Maynard Institute, who said, that the presidential forum, that was scheduled for Thursday was quote, "all but dead. "Of course, Senator Obama is traveling internationally. How did you secure him coming for Sunday, and given that Sunday is essentially the very last day of the convention, do you expect turnout that's going to be significant?

Well, the talks with both presidential candidates have been taking place for a while, and the invitations were extended many, many months ago. And so, talks have been taking place, and you know, with schedules it's really difficult to nail that down. With this Middle East and Europe trip coming up for Senator Obama, that came into the mix, just in recent weeks. It came down to a choice between having the Senator come on Sunday, or not at all.

So the Senator McCain invitation is still out, but it has not been accepted or rejected?

Right. We're still working on it.

turn 0 : The organizers faced difficulties in getting Obama to attend the convention.

turn 0 : The speaker did not want to go to the convention even if the president and the vice president were going to attend.

turn 0 : The implication is that Barack Obama may have been involved in the Blagojevich scandal.

turn 0 : A prefers Obama over the Republican candidate but is hesitant to vote for him.


So the Mafia survives off what it's always survived off of, which is essentially protection rackets, right?But where are they at this particular moment?I think many of us think of the Mafia as being a sort of pale shadow of what it once was, both in the U. S.  and Italy.

I think that's true, but that is a great symptom of both the huge step change that there's been since particularly the early 1990s in the law enforcement response to organized crime in Italy. And another great indicator of that is this trans-Atlantic cooperation between the authorities. They've now worked together for a generation because they understand the importance of this old bridge. It's no coincidence that FBI headquarters has in it a bust of Giovanni Falcone, the great hero and martyr of the struggle against the Mafia in Italy. He was blown up, along, with his wife and his armed escort by a Mafia bomb in 1992 because Falcone was who pioneered this trans-Atlantic cooperation in the fight against the Mafia. He got it.

Do you consider these raids are a major blow to the attempts to sort of reanimate these links?

I think this is an ongoing process. It clearly shows that the authorities are watching it very, very carefully. They understand it and know it. And that - from that point of view, it's reassuring. But it's always difficult to tell, when an operation is as fresh as this one is, just how damaging it will prove to be.

turn 0 : This phrase does not mean that the speaker is physically in a dark place or lacks light. It figuratively means that there is a lack of understanding or knowledge about dark matter.

turn 0 : Being a pale shadow means that it is not as strong as it once was.

turn 0 : The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker enjoyed the solitude of working at night, as it made them feel like a vampire who only came out when it was dark and disappeared again when the sun rose.

turn 0 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer


And now to Haiti, where things are settling down after three days of rioting in the capital, Port-au-Prince. A huge rise in food prices drove thousands of protesters and looters to riot earlier this week. U. N.  troops moved in to protect parts of the capital. Meanwhile, President Rene Preval has begged for calm. Haiti is considered to be the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere, and the unrest over a crippled economy may not be easy to squelch. Mara Schiavocampo is in Port-au-Prince right now. She is a digital correspondent for NBC Nightly News with Brian Williams. Mara, welcome to the show.

Thank you for having me, Tony.

You've been in the streets reporting on the story. What have you seen in terms of tension and unrest there?

Today, things are good. Public transportation is running. People are out doing their business, shopping. We went out, no roadblocks, no trouble at all. I can't say the same for the last few days. Yesterday was manageable. There were a few roadblocks, car fires, things like that, but it felt like the fire was dying down, so to speak. The last few days before that, things were very tense. Just coming in from the airport, we hit about a dozen roadblocks, burning tires, dumpsters, trash, with mobs of people that would come around the car.

turn 3 : something that was hinted at or suggested, but not directly stated.

turn 3 : The situation in Port-au-Prince has improved, but it was very tense and dangerous before.

turn 3 : .The situation was potentially dangerous and uncomfortable, with the darkness and cold adding to the tension.

turn 3 : There will be significant concerns in the region moving forward.

turn 3 : In turn (4), the statement suggests that despite the appearance of a positive sign, the comments from the British Foreign Secretary indicate that the situation is more challenging and difficult to resolve than it may seem. The literal meaning of the words may convey a positive outlook, but the implied meaning highlights the potential obstacles and complexities involved.


The whistleblower still has not met with lawmakers or staff from those committees. The whistleblower's lawyers had been waiting for interim security clearances from the government so that they can accompany their client in any interviews or meetings with Congress. I'm told that those interim security clearances have come through, that they came through and took effect today, so that's a step forward. A source tells me that talks on setting up meetings with congressional committees are still taking place at this point, and there is no date set as of yet.

Another front to ask you about, Ryan, which is - three House committees today subpoenaed the Pentagon and the White House budget office. Do we know what they were subpoenaing, what they want?

Well, the House Intelligence, the House Oversight and the House Foreign Affairs Committees have been busy in the past week or so issuing subpoenas, all as part of this impeachment inquiry. They've already subpoenaed the White House and the State Department, as well as President Trump's personal attorney Rudy Giuliani.

Right.

turn 0 : A whistle was not blown but a person complained about an event publically that could be illegal.

turn 0 : The person complained publicaly about things that were illegal and private.

turn 0 : The reporting brought emphasis to the harrassment so that others would notice.


Right.

turn 1 : They think it does make the government look bad to the public.

turn 1 :  (2) implies that people are facing a lot of bureaucracy and paperwork,

turn 1 : It's not a front, but a different part of the government that is being asked about.

turn 1 : They want to know if the seriousness of the situation makes the government appear to be bad to the public.

turn 1 : The house is too crowded to have political arguments


What happened with Dr.  Strauss was upsetting. It was one night in your life. How has it stayed with you over the years?What's it done to your life since then?

So that building was fairly close to campus. And so for the next probably three, four or five years, you know, I went by that building a lot. It was hard to relive what's going in there. Again, you just kind of bottle it up and put it away. I'm, you know, upset with Ohio State. But I'm upset with Strauss, but he's dead. So I'm even more upset that Ohio State, a large institution that I have significant ties to and that I - you know, I met my wife there, asked her to marry me, have lots of friends from there. I've donated my time, donated money. And now I'm finding out that they failed me.

When the box opened back up on Memorial Day, I've had trouble sleeping at night. I sometimes wake up the middle of the night and see him standing over me doing what he's doing. And I still - there's one picture of him on the - a local TV station and Columbus' website - a color picture that I can't look at. If I see it, I just get sick to my stomach. So the box has been opened back up now, and it's been a struggle.

What would you like the university to do at this point in your life?

turn 1 : (3) "I said, oh, well, goodness, Boise State lost one game therefore their entire future has been destroyed, and for - at least there's next year, right?" - The actual meaning of this turn is sarcastic, implying that losing one game does not mean the end of the world or the destruction of Boise State's future, and that there is always another chance next year.

turn 1 :  The speaker is expressing regret about the death of a fellow student.

turn 1 : Bob feels betrayed by Ohio State for failing him despite his significant ties to the institution.

turn 1 : The candidate had something troubling in their past.


turn 2 : Experiencing trauma and distress due to memories of the abuse

turn 2 : The speaker is implying that through remembering the patients' stories, they are able to better understand their suffering and the impact of their illness.

turn 2 : A decided to be vulnerable and share about his severe depression in order to be authentic in his book and play.

turn 2 : The speaker keeps the happy memories of her past with her loved ones locked up inside her to deal with her grief.

turn 2 : The traumatic memories of the author made it hard for him to translate the novel himself, so he had someone else do it


turn 2 : A used comedy as an escape from personal struggles and pain

turn 2 : B is referring to the Hurricane Katrina catastrophe in New Orleans and it aftermaths.

turn 2 : Bob experiences trauma and nightmares as a result of the abuse he suffered from Dr. Strauss.


Major party conventions are almost a year away. But let's note this week Senator Elizabeth Warren of Massachusetts seems to be picking up steam, doesn't she?

If the focus is on the economy, well, Elizabeth Warren will tell you she's got a plan for that. And, of course, the other candidates will say they do, too. But policy is really Warren's strong suit. It's one reason she's climbing in the polls even as nearly the - all of the other top-tier candidates are sliding a bit.

Finally, Ron, I had occasion to look up and listen to the Greenland national anthem this week. It's very moving, as you may know. And President Trump, who complained about the fact that Puerto Rico is an island, reportedly wants the U. S.  or wanted the U. S.  to buy Greenland. What do you make of this?

Yeah, this is apparently one of the good islands. It's not so crazy an idea. The United States was interested in buying Greenland in the 1860s when we bought Alaska from Russia. And we were interested again after World War II when we were trying to keep Russia at bay. The only problem is Greenland belongs to Denmark. Denmark doesn't want to sell. And a lot of people in Greenland would rather be independent. So don't watch for the just-sold sign anytime soon.

turn 0 : Taking a hit means by having the popularity be less recognizable.

turn 0 : Despite her domineering personality, she suffered from a lack

turn 0 : picking up steam means she is getting more popular

turn 0 : The implied meaning is that the more A learns about the people they are close to, the more they appreciate them and form a stronger bond.

turn 0 : a lot of stuff means there is a massive amount


turn 1 : There are dangers that cause problems by doing these polls.

turn 1 : The government is not providing strong leadership, which is causing dissatisfaction among the people.

turn 1 : There is no indication that the actual meaning is different from the literal meaning. It's a straightforward question about whether people at the location are excited about the election.

turn 1 : climbing the poles means here election numbers are getting higher

turn 1 : Neck and neck means that they are tied in voting numbers.


You know, it's interesting that you should say that because leasing was one of the ways you could get into a car without having to have a huge down payment. So now, if leasing is going to cost more, buying a car already costs more with regard to the down payment, it's going to be really tough for some people, isn't it?

It will be, and you know what it's going to put pressure on is the used-car market, because if you can't get a new one, you go get a used one. But if they have more demand for used ones, that's going to push up, too. So the entire - the love affair that America had with the automobile. . .

Coming to an end?

It may be a love affair that we have to look at again, you know, somebody cheated on somebody, I don't know who.

turn 0 : The car czar should not be the only answer to the auto industry's problems; loans should be offered, but with strict conditions.

turn 0 : Nationalizing the auto industry, or at least GM, is a better solution than bridge loans or other options.

turn 0 : The Big Three auto companies are facing financial difficulties.

turn 0 : Leasing becoming more expensive will make it difficult for some people to afford cars

turn 0 : Ford doesn't need the money right now, but GM does


Coming to an end?

turn 1 : The increase in leasing and new car prices will lead to a rise in demand for used cars, which will increase their prices as well.

turn 1 : The current economic situation requires more than loans to help the auto companies - other measures must be taken.

turn 1 : Although there will be lower corn supply, the demand will remain the same, resulting in an increase in corn price.

turn 1 : Car companies need to understand their industry's future to create effective advertising


But well. . .

If you go through the list of Obama people, the top four, five, six people had not just worked in presidential campaigns before, but they worked in that critical area which gets very little attention, but is absolutely essential, and that's called field operations. It means going into states, setting up shop, organizing, getting people door knocking, getting people calling and getting delegate victories.

These people knew how to win campaigns on a local level. Importantly, very significant figures had a lot of experience in Iowa. He set his sights on winning Iowa very early.

What I found fascinating in doing this reporting is that both campaigns had the same Plan A. The Plan A was, win the first four states, attain a political victory, and not be out of personnel.

turn 0 : (1) has an implied meaning that is different from its literal meaning. The literal meaning is that the speaker is asking if there is any sign of improvement in the situation being discussed, but the implied meaning is that the situation is bad and the speaker is hoping for some positive news or indication that things will get better.

turn 0 : (1) "Right." This turn does not convey any literal meaning, but it serves as a signal that the listener is following the speaker's train of thought and agrees with what has been said. It is a type of backchanneling, which is a signal that the listener is actively listening and engaged in the conversation.

turn 0 : All the turns in this conversation appear to have their literal meanings, and there are no metaphors, figurative language or idioms used.

turn 0 : This turn expresses willingness to engage in the conversation.

turn 0 : "But well..." - This is an expression that doesn't have a literal meaning. It is an interjection that is often used to indicate hesitation, a change of subject, or a transition in conversation.


But well. . .

turn 1 : Field operations" - The literal meaning of field operations is the management and execution of tasks in a specific area, such as farming or construction. However, in this context, it refers to the essential campaign strategy of setting up operations in states, organizing volunteers, and winning delegate victories.

turn 1 : level playing field implies that all things rightly set in place or things happening as supposed and not a football field

turn 1 : It's not a field, but a large number of people the person would want to interview.

turn 1 : (2) Implied meaning: The specialist personnel needed to battle the fires are in high demand and these personnel include aviation specialists and fire-behavior-type specialists.


But well. . .

turn 3 : The literal meaning of this turn is that Secretary Kerry has been talking about the idea of a transitional government. The implied meaning is that Kerry is proposing a new government as a way to address the root of the conflict and end the fighting.

turn 3 : The implication is that the Republicans may have to use strong tactics to pass their agenda, even if it means having to pressure members of their own party.

turn 3 : Plan A" - The literal meaning of Plan A is the primary plan or strategy for achieving a particular goal. However, in this context, it implies the shared strategy of both campaigns to win the first four states and avoid personnel shortages, indicating the high stakes of the early primary elections.

turn 3 : not a physical drawing board or easel, but the most important thing on an agenda or plan; not a physically big-in-size plan, but a plan with many elements or parts to it

turn 3 : This implies that people are already curious to know how A intends to defeat Trump.


Right.

Of course, the financial deregulation issue, whether or not - how much financial industry should be regulated is a big issue, but also, in California, you had a whole look and a proposition that passed that was about this kind of issue, about how densely animals should be kept together. But you mentioned reproductive freedom. What is the regulation change on that?

Sure. Well, the proposed rule would sort of - it has an effect on recipients of federal money and on, particularly, state-run hospitals and other institutions of that nature, and it gives a great degree of discretion to the folks that work in those facilities. And if they have a moral objection to administering contraceptives or birth control and performing abortions, then they are sort of allowed to cite their moral objection to that and not perform that work.

An interesting development on that rule that the Washington Post reported on earlier this week is that three officials from the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission have - that are actually appointed by President Bush have opposed that rule and have said that it would overturn civil rights law.

turn 2 : Republican lawmakers recognize that not taking action on health care would have negative political consequences.

turn 2 : The rule would allow healthcare workers to refuse certain services based on moral beliefs

turn 2 : We are taking strict actions against irresponsible prescribers.

turn 2 : The living conditions of workers are terrible and lack privacy and basic necessities

turn 2 : The people should obey their leaders or lose their jobs.


I was actually wavering in the blocks. And I saw on the video that some sort of bad form. But they fired the gun and I took off and things were going OK. They weren't going great, my strides were a little bit off. But I never hit an off-leg on a hurdle. As I went around the second turn and came into the final 100 meters, I looked to my left and realized that I was right in the middle of the pack. And that really surprised me. And at that point, I figured as long as I finish, this is a success. And as I got to the very end, right before the finish line, I glanced up at the scoreboard which showed the clock running. And realized that I ended up with a pretty good time. And so I crossed the finish line. I beat my personal goal by two seconds and managed to beat one other runner in the race.

Well, that raises this question professor. You're - I mean, you're a teacher right?

Correct.

You have devoted your professional life to helping, encouraging, enriching the lives of youngsters, right?

turn 1 : (2) The speaker is not only referring to a specific incident but also highlighting the larger issue of racism in the country and how it affects individuals on a personal level.

turn 1 : The speaker faces racial discrimination and stereotypes from both white and black people.

turn 1 : President Trump's remarks contribute to tensions and exacerbate racism

turn 1 : The speaker is sarcastic about the so-called 'racial moment'

turn 1 : The speaker is expressing concern that the justice system might be unfairly biased against certain individuals based on their race and access to resources.


Correct.

turn 2 : (3) implies agreement with the previous statement and reinforces the idea that the media environment has structural issues that prevent reasonable conversations.

turn 2 : In these turns, the speakers are discussing the implications and deeper meanings behind the actions and ideologies of the person they are talking about. They are not merely discussing the literal surface-level interpretations, but rather the underlying motives, strategies, and persuasive effects of those actions and ideologies.

turn 2 : the literal meaning is that the interviewer asks if recent events and debates make a scene in a book more significant.

turn 2 : The literal meaning of this turn is that people might think news organizations are concealing information, but the actual meaning is that people might think news organizations should not be concealing information.

turn 2 : (3) While the topic being discussed is "big" and "bold," the implication is that the author's focus is on how individuals hurt each other on a day-to-day basis rather than just the headlines and news stories.


Let's talk for a second about the geopolitics of the region. The Sinai Peninsula is a giant desert. It borders Israel. And that is where Islamic militants have focused many of their recent attacks, but this is a change.

Yes. Thus far, they have been focused primarily on the police and the military in what they claim is a social justice war, so to speak. They're opposing the regime, claiming it's illegitimate and that they want to essentially become the new rulers of Egypt with they're very warped and skewed interpretation of Islam.

Now, that's not to say that civilians have not been killed in the process. And, in fact, if you're suspected of being a cooperator with the Egyptian state, they - ISIS will behead you in a very grotesque way to set an example. However, this is the first time that we've seen them go after a mosque in this way. Now, they have gone after churches and - because part of their kind of terroristic agenda is to kill anyone that they believe is not worthy of living in this Islamic state that they seek to create. And Christians have been common targets. But for them to go after Muslims is quite unprecedented.

This is a Sufi mosque, a mystical form of Islam. Would that have been a factor?

turn 2 : Isis began just as the Arab's began to collapse or at least lose popularity.

turn 2 : ISIS in Afghanistan is a threat through high-profile attacks

turn 2 : Mohammed Morsi's political opponents are using the people's anger for their own gain

turn 2 : The ISIS terrorist attack in Egypt is now on both Christians who were their initial target to their fellow Muslims.


This is such a different type of story than we often see after a disaster. I mean, it's just the sheer numbers and the sheer amount of land in these three countries that was affected. I mean, you've decided to bring us just into one life and profile - one person doing one thing. Was that experience different for you journalistically?

It was a different - oh, gosh. It was a different experience for sure. I've never followed anyone doing this kind of work. And I've had two reporting trips to Mozambique now. And a lot of the work has been focused on the many, many people trying to deliver aid to people still alive - you know, frantic - organized frantic chaos, you know, trying to help people survive. And this was a very different, quiet experience but just fascinating to see.

Is there one image or one scene or one moment that stands out for you after following this man?

I think it was just the one in the field. It just struck me as an immense task. And I wanted to bring that to life as much as possible immediately for people. And he said it himself as he stood and he looked around the field. And he said, this is literally like a needle in a haystack.

turn 2 : The photograph had a strong emotional impact on me

turn 2 : It's important to live in the moment rather than for posterity.

turn 2 : The speaker's childhood experiences were similar to those in the photograph

turn 2 :  "one image or one scene or one moment that stands out"


And is it a big lead or barely a lead at all?The pollsters are also hard at work, as is NPR senior Washington editor Ron Elving. Ron, welcome back on this Monday. How much difference is there in the polls?

A lot, in terms of margin. You know, it's a statistical tie in some polls, it's too close to call in some polls, and then you have some other polls where it's beginning to look like a blow out, where it's a double digit lead and where it's concentrated in the battleground states in ways that really favor Barack Obama.

So, if you want to look for a poll that makes it look like a close contest, you can find one. And if you want to look at a poll that makes it look like Barack Obama is really opening something up here, you can find those too. In a way, though, you can say all the polls are agreed on one thing, there is consistency in all of them having Barack Obama ahead.

I can't find any major national poll that has John McCain ahead in this race. So, some people would say, that's really all that matters.

turn 2 : Obama has demonstrated his credibility and is qualified to be the nominee.

turn 2 : "But generally, the average of the reputable polls has been showing Obama steadily in front since about mid-June and picking up some momentum in the last two or three weeks." - This turn has a literal meaning and is also used with its actual meaning.

turn 2 : Although there are varying poll results, all of them show that Barack Obama is consistently ahead.

turn 2 : Obama is already working before he is officially in office.

turn 2 : Then they changed the topic to President Obama


They have an obligation to do what I have done my whole life. I came from a family that had nothing. I worked hard all my life. In fact, the way I made my living was representing the kind of people that I grew up with, people who didn't have much of anything, and fighting against very entrenched, powerful corporate interests. And we were able to win and be successful. I did well by doing good. And what we have a responsibility to do is to make sure we don't pull the ladder out from behind us.

That everybody gets - in fact, it's the core reason that I am running for president is to make sure that everybody in this country gets the kind of chances and opportunities that I've had in my life. That's what drives me every single day.

A lot of your supporters mention that you really have a commitment to ending poverty, but could there ever be an America with absolutely no poverty?What would that country even look like?

It would be a country where everybody has real economic opportunity. I mean, is there always going to be a circumstance where somebody could fall into poverty?Of course. I mean, because that's the real world. But if we do the things we need to do, we wouldn't have the kind of systematic, endemic poverty we have in America. I mean, we have 37 million people, which is roughly the population of California, who live in poverty every day in this country. It's not a small number.

turn 0 : In (1), the speaker talks about their life experiences, representing people who didn't have much and fighting against powerful corporate interests. The speaker believes that everyone should have the same opportunities and not have the ladder pulled out from behind them. The implied meaning is that hard work and fighting for justice can lead to success, and that it's important to ensure that everyone has equal opportunities.

turn 0 : The speaker is acknowledging the wealth of their country and how they have been living in luxury, but now they feel like beggars due to the sudden change in their circumstances.

turn 0 : The implied meaning is that the person hopes for interaction and engagement between individuals interested in building their family tree or learning about family research, and that they will come across unexpected articles and ideas, leading to interesting discussions and experiences on the site.

turn 0 : People want to work hard for things.

turn 0 : (1) has an implied meaning that is different from its literal meaning. The literal meaning is that the speaker is asking if there is any sign of improvement in the situation being discussed, but the implied meaning is that the situation is bad and the speaker is hoping for some positive news or indication that things will get better.


turn 3 : In (4), the speaker talks about the possibility of a country with no poverty and states that it's not possible for everyone to avoid poverty. However, if they take the necessary actions, they could reduce poverty significantly. The implied meaning is that the speaker is committed to reducing poverty and improving economic opportunities for everyone.

turn 3 : In (1), the speaker is using the statement "poverty - it's the same condition no matter where you're from" to express the idea that poverty is a universal experience and can be found in any place or culture. The actual meaning is that poverty has a consistent impact on people's lives, regardless of their location.

turn 3 : "I'm doing well, but some people aren't. And let's talk about these figures and really, what is shifting in our economy right now in terms of the different sectors where people are losing these tens of thousands of jobs?" - The literal meaning is a statement about the current state of the economy and its impact on employment. The implied meaning is a suggestion to discuss the economic issues and the resulting job losses.

turn 3 : (4) Implied meaning: Is a minimum wage of $12 an hour sufficient to raise low-wage earners out of poverty?


Give us a call, our number 1-800-989-8255. You can also tweet us @scifri. Gerald Crabtree is the David Korn Professor of Pathology and Developmental Biology at Stanford School of Medicine. He's also an investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY.

Good morning, Ira.

Good morning to you. What evidence do you cite?What evidence is there that human intelligence is slowly declining?

Well, you know, there are a few things I'd like to say I guess at the onset, and you referred to them in your introduction, and that is any genetically based decay in intelligence is extremely slow. And so we should never be able to detect it by comparisons to people within generations existing right now on the Earth.

turn 2 : What evidence do you have that human intelligence is declining?

turn 2 : Genetically-based decay in intelligence is extremely slow, we cannot detect it in existing generations.

turn 2 : Scientists need more data to confirm their hypotheses.

turn 2 : What evidence do you have for human intelligence decline?


Good morning, Ira.

turn 2 : "What evidence do you cite? What evidence is there that human intelligence is slowly declining?"

turn 2 : (3) Suggests that Donald Trump is insecure about his intelligence.


Good morning, Ira.

turn 3 : Genetically-based intelligence decline is so slow that it cannot be detected within existing generations

turn 3 : Genetically-based decay in intelligence is extremely slow, we cannot detect it in existing generations.

turn 3 : What evidence do you have that human intelligence is declining?

turn 3 : The potential consequences of genetic engineering could be extreme and far-reaching.


Awesome.

Yesterday, a South African court cleared the way for corruption and racketeering charges to be filed against presidential hopeful Jacob Zuma. A lower court dismissed the case against the African National Congress leader on a technicality last September. And claims that there was political interference by President Thabo Mbeki led President Mbeki to step down. Now, where does this ruling - this new ruling bring us, Emira?

Total chaos, Farai. Clearly, there's so much going on behind the scenes on this issue. Zuma's trial was on again, off again. Now, it's on again. Will he be put forward on corruption charges, and what will be the political implications?

Clearly, he is head of the largest political party, the African National Congress, the oldest party on the continent. But the ANC now is going through real pressures. The split between Mbeki, the ouster of Mbeki, the former president of South Africa, has now led to a split within the African National Congress.

turn 3 : The Legislature wants to get the governor out of office before dealing with a huge budget deficit and the dysfunctional relationship between them.

turn 3 : The African National Congress is experiencing internal division and pressure after the ousting of President Mbeki.

turn 3 : The composition of Congress and Senate may undergo substantial changes over the next two election cycles as more and more sexual harassment allegations continue to surface against longstanding members of Congress.

turn 3 : The president will propose something new later today

turn 3 : They need the countries to realize this is the way things should be done in other countries.