Claire Messud's "The Burning Girl" is a novel about two girls, Cassie and Julia, who make each other who they are. Cassie's the bold one who looks for rules to break. Julia is the voice of caution and conscience who'd like a little of Cassie's daring. We had one mind, as Julia recall, and could roam its limits together. They grow apart in middle school. Cassie hangs out with the more conspicuously popular crowd. Julia's hurt but becomes aware that Cassie is on the verge of disaster. Julia may be the one person to help pull her back.

"The Burning Girl" is the latest novel from Claire Messud, author of "The Emperor's Children" and other acclaimed novels. She's also taught creative writing and special programs at many colleges and joins us from New York. Thanks so much for being with us.

Thanks, Scott, for having me.

What's the special intensity of being BFFs as youngsters?

turn 0 : "It's a big, tall woman with a terrible voice. And of course, that was Julia." - The literal meaning of this turn is a description of Julia's physical appearance and voice, but the actual meaning is that A is identifying Julia as the woman they were discussing earlier.

turn 0 : The systems are capable of being penetrated by someone.

turn 0 : Despite her domineering personality, she suffered from a lack

turn 0 : The strong bond between Cassie and Julia is both powerful and fragile.


Thanks, Scott, for having me.

turn 1 : B encourages Melissa to take pride in being tough and on top of things

turn 1 : The bond between Cassie and Julia is strong and special, even though they grow apart in middle school.

turn 1 : she is often called the julia child means that she is the most famous chef

turn 1 : But I don't know about role model and the word role model, but I like the word responsibility. And Gina and I do feel a tremendous amount of responsibility in terms of the images we project, and the fact that, hopefully - you know, we get letters all the time, and I think one of the nicest letters we received was from one of our fans that watched the show that said, you know, you gals have really enhanced my marriage. Me and my husband, we get in the kitchen, we cook, and we spend time together. And it's those types of testimonies that really motivate Gina and I, and make us feel real good about what we're doing.  The phrase "enhanced my marriage" is a figurative expression that means the show has positively impacted the viewer's relationship with their partner.

turn 1 : Heda and her classmates have been connecting and sharing memories of their teacher on Facebook.


Well, they were talking about a lot of hype for the new technologies just around the corner. I mean, CES is very much a kind of a tech bubble in some ways. So it's nonstop hype about new technologies like 5G, like smart devices and, that I found, not really a ton of talk about what has become a very prevalent conversation in tech, which is, how are companies using the data that they kind of need to offer a lot of these services?

Haven't a lot of Americans become aware of the fact that we are the product?

I think that's a - sometimes an oversimplification. But, you know, there's a bit of a creep factor now, to put it in the plainest terms. You click agree and maybe, you know, ads follow you around the net or - that's sort of the mildest form of these things. But in the sort of worst-case scenario, as you said, you know, your data might be sold in sort of an unethical way. We're all a little bit more wary, at least over here, about that kind of thing.

Over here in contrast to where?

turn 0 : No, this is not the same thing that happened a couple of years ago. It might be similar, but it is not the same.

turn 0 : at the end of the day means something is likely going to happen or what happens after everything else.

turn 0 : None . There's nothing in this that implies anything.

turn 0 : just around the corner implies it is happening soon.


I've played around with a few of them, and they've been on the toy end of the spectrum. But, you know, it's one of the things where, you know, if you're interested in photography and videography or if you just like, you know, remote control cars or remote control planes, that's really the draw for the consumer at this point. I don't think it's, you know, I don't - I wouldn't say it's, like, a mainstream thing. I'd say this is a big year for it. But, you know, moving forward, it's sort of up in the air as to what the potential use cases are for a consumer.

You said moving forward, didn't you?

I sure did.

I'm sorry for droning on and on about this.

turn 3 : The literal meaning is that the listener doubts that they would tire of hearing from the speaker. The actual meaning is that the listener is being polite and respectful towards the speaker.

turn 3 : The literal meaning of the statement is Deborah Amos thanking the speaker, but the implied meaning is that the conversation is over.

turn 3 : "I'm sorry for droning on and on about this" - This phrase means that the speaker is apologizing for talking too much about a certain topic, but "droning on" is a figurative expression that compares the speaker's talking to the sound of a drone or a monotonous buzzing noise.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using a euphemism or understatement to convey a more significant or sensitive message.

turn 3 :  "Oh, a little bit, I guess, you know?" The literal meaning is that the speaker is acknowledging that they are bothered to some extent. However, the actual meaning could be interpreted as the speaker downplaying their concerns or trying to appear nonchalant about the situation.


And I think my - like, I never liked the term African-American. I think it's a horrible term because it all-encompassing. It's just African-American, you know?What African?African where?African - you can't just say that, you know?When you look at white Americans, it's very specific. You go, oh, he's Italian-American. Yeah, I'm an Italian-American. And you've got, you know, you've got your Jewish Americans, and you've got your Irish Americans. Everyone's proud of their culture. The African-American, it's just - it's, you know?African where?

But exactly. But I think that the first step to - I guess to finding peace, I find, is knowing where you are from. You know, where you are from determines a lot of who you are. And so for me, you know, Ghanaian American, Nigerian, you'll discover so much in your culture when you know just a little bit about where you're from.

Do you find it interesting that we have a president who is literally African-American?

turn 1 : The implied meaning in turn (2) is that the author created the book out of a desire to educate young black people about their cultural history, which they may not have learned from mainstream media sources such as hip-hop videos.

turn 1 : The actual meanings of these turns are: (2) Martin Luther King was killed by a white assassin; (3) America doesn't understand or appreciate the contributions of black leaders during Reconstruction; (4) America's history of racism and white supremacy has been ignored or minimized for many decades.

turn 1 :  "Well, for so long nobody really knew where they were from." - The literal meaning of this turn is a response to the previous statement, but the actual meaning is an acknowledgment of the historical difficulties African Americans have faced in tracing their ancestry due to the legacy of slavery and displacement.

turn 1 : Turn (1) has an implicated meaning that is different from its literal meaning. Although the speaker denies that the remarks were racially motivated, the implication is that the speaker believes they were in fact racially motivated, and is trying to downplay or avoid addressing that implication.

turn 1 :  "Frankly, they kind of overdo it, you know? So for blacks to support Obama, he's got to make up his mind. Is he African or American? Because he can't be both. That doesn't make sense." The literal meaning of this turn is that Obama cannot be both African and American, and that it is difficult for black people to support him. However, the actual meaning is that there is a sense of confusion and identity crisis regarding Obama's background, and that this confusion affects how some black people feel about him.


turn 3 :  "Frankly, they kind of overdo it, you know? So for blacks to support Obama, he's got to make up his mind. Is he African or American? Because he can't be both. That doesn't make sense." The literal meaning of this turn is that Obama cannot be both African and American, and that it is difficult for black people to support him. However, the actual meaning is that there is a sense of confusion and identity crisis regarding Obama's background, and that this confusion affects how some black people feel about him.

turn 3 : The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker is a supporter of Obama and is not afraid to express it publicly, even if it goes against the expectations of his mother.

turn 3 :  "American blacks love African art, African clothes, African music. We're just not that crazy about Africans." The literal meaning of this turn is that American black people appreciate African culture but are not fond of African people. However, the actual meaning is that there is a cultural appreciation for African arts and music, but there is a disconnect with the people who produce them.

turn 3 : "Do you find it interesting that we have a president who is literally African-American?" - The literal meaning of this turn is a question about the speaker's opinion on having a president of African American descent, but the actual meaning is a comment on the significance of Barack Obama's presidency as a milestone in American history and a recognition of the progress made in race relations.


So, I mean, I think it does definitely set a dangerous precedent, but I think if you're online, realistically, you have to assume that there's a great deal of data being accumulated about everything you do and you have to assume that your privacy always could be jeopardized. I think, you know, that's - from a common sense standpoint, you had to assume this would happen sooner or later.

Just quickly, what should you do if so?

That's a good question. I mean, I don't think there's an easy answer to that. Just be very aware that everything you're doing could be documented. I mean, there's ways you can do things from some other IP address other than your own. I mean, I think - people think of it as something that only matters as far as people stealing copyrighted work, but there's many other ratifications. I mean, people all around the world use things like Google and YouTube, and there have been cases of government entities seeking to use data to go after political dissidents for what they're doing online. . .

All right.

turn 0 : It is expected that your online privacy will be compromised.

turn 0 : The radicalization of people through activity on the internet has not been defeated yet.

turn 0 : The sites were not actually cracked but were opened by unauthorized people.

turn 0 : Implied meaning: The speaker is indirectly suggesting that they may have information or opinions that they are hesitant to share openly.

turn 0 : There is fear and uncertainty due to potential attacks by unidentified individuals


And how long ago was this?

This was in the beginning of 2007.

And then, what happened with these new terms of your loan?

Well, I was pretty upset about my son and real focused on that and sort of trusted a friend of a friend. And the new terms, I didn't find out until much later, were very bad. I have a balloon payment after five years. I paid 20,000 to get into the loan. I have to pay 20,000 to get out of the loan, and my payments are 1,625 a month.

turn 3 : I think "trial balloon" refers to an event being on a provisional basis to see what effects it will have.

turn 3 : It is difficult to provide three meals a day with $1.75, and sheriffs can keep the leftover money for personal use

turn 3 : The person found a lot of people not shopping and instead watching how much they spend on things in order to save money.

turn 3 : Not a payment on a balloon, but a very large payment to make.

turn 3 : When you hand out money quickly with no regulations people will spend it on things that are not needed.


And how long ago was this?

This was in the beginning of 2007.

turn 3 : to loosen the credit squeeze means that credit is very harsh and it needs to be less harsh in this context

turn 3 : (3) implies that there is a possibility of further financial compensation beyond the previously approved payments, while

turn 3 : The new terms of the loan are unfavorable.

turn 3 : The government purposely made the loan terms harsh for AIG to avoid accusations of a sweetheart deal.

turn 3 : The bailout is not punishment enough for the people responsible for the financial crisis.


I mean, it's tempting, and certainly we do it in the news business, to look at a figure like $9 billion and say, you know, figure out what that cost per arrest and everything. But I wonder, isn't it in a sense worth, I don't know, a billion dollars a year to the American people to have that deterrent aboard?Because as people in the program have pointed out, if something happens, there's no one else to call upon for help in an airliner.

Well, you could justify almost anything on that basis. But I will tell you that on any cost-benefit analysis, this program does not hold muster. I can tell you also that while a billion dollars might not seem like much money in the whole federal government. . .

Oh, no, it's a lot of money. Don't get me wrong. . .

It's a lot. . .

turn 0 :  This turn actually means that the speaker is more concerned with the alternative (Hillary Clinton, Barack Obama, or Bernie Sanders) than with a "Never Trump" attitude, and that it is important for the country and party to come together despite any reservations about Trump.

turn 0 :  This turn actually means that people should not expect to "love" Donald Trump as the Republican nominee, but should come together as a party to face the challenges that lie ahead.

turn 0 : In statement 1, the speaker is subtly suggesting that the Republican friends should be open-minded and consider the possibility of voting for Trump in the upcoming election


It's a lot. . .

turn 0 : (1) has an implied meaning that is different from its literal meaning. The literal meaning is that the speaker is asking if there is any sign of improvement in the situation being discussed, but the implied meaning is that the situation is bad and the speaker is hoping for some positive news or indication that things will get better.

turn 0 : (1) The actual meaning of turn (1) is different from its literal meaning, as it implies that the speaker is ready to defend their state against any legal challenges from the Trump administration and has a track record of success in litigation against them, indicating a confident and confrontational approach.

turn 0 : (1) is the same as its literal meaning, which is explaining the decision-making process behind cutting rations in a situation where there is a shortage of aid.

turn 0 : has a literal meaning of "Yes, the numbers aren't looking good for the person," but its actual meaning is "It looks like the person isn't likely to succeed."

turn 0 : Turn (1) has a non-literal meaning. The speaker is suggesting that the cost of the program may be justified by its deterrent effect, even though it may not be cost-effective in terms of the number of arrests made.


It's a lot. . .

turn 1 : (2) "Does President Trump, after this week, have the confidence in Congress and in other quarters of opinion, to lead the country on this and other issues?"

turn 1 :  implies that the Democrats should not become complacent with their current demographics and should focus on further outreach

turn 1 :  In statement 2, the speaker is implying that Trump should make a statement that can help heal the divide between him and the Republicans.

turn 1 : The speaker believes that America is currently not living up to its potential and wants a leader who can bring the country back to a place of pride and respect on the world stage.

turn 1 : (2) Implies that Republicans are avoiding talking about gun policy and are only willing to talk about it on Fox News, suggesting that they are being disingenuous in their approach.


It's a lot. . .

turn 2 : The speaker is not actually asking a question but rather implying that the need has not yet been established.

turn 2 : (1) The speaker is not really asking for permission to use an expletive, but rather using the question as a way to express frustration or emphasize a point.

turn 2 : The person is asking the other person if they can say someting that might make them think differently about something.

turn 2 : They are asking if the other person can help them to understand what they mean.


There are some good ones. And they seem - there are many videos of crazy ants invading electrical boxes almost to the point where it seems like there's some attraction. What is going on here?

Well, it's definitely a point where people come into contact with them a lot because when your power goes out and you want to know why, you find a bunch of ants, that's a good reason to get your video camera.

Their boxes - power boxes are basically really good cavities. So these ants nest in pre-existing cavities. They don't - they do a small amount of digging but they exploit whatever cavities they can find. So that's a reason that they move into electrical boxes and pump switch - switches.

But once they get electrocuted, if you - when I've been collecting these ants in the past, you'll collect them into a vial, and they're all very agitated inside the vial. And they're - when they're agitated, they release something called an alarm pheromone, which is a signal that they used - chemical that they use to communicate with other ants if there's a threat.

turn 0 : more ants pile on means that more ants are attracted to the sent.

turn 0 : There's no aggression with ants that do not behave like normal ant colonies.

turn 0 : There are videos of ants moving about rapidly and randomly.

turn 0 : Fire ants are not ants of fire but they have a sting that feels like fire on the person.

turn 0 : they are performing experiments on mice, and the mice are all dead


Here's another example - property buyouts. So the federal government will sometimes buy properties with federal and local money after a disaster, like floods. And the land gets turned into permanent green space. And in the future, no other homes or businesses or potential lives will be lost there. That's the point of the buyout.

So if they're buying out property, you have to be a property owner to benefit from that. And people with more wealth are generally more often property owners. Is that how this is working?

Mm-hmm. And there have been barriers to property ownership in the U. S.  for various people, various racial groups, as well.

Sure.

turn 1 : In turn (1), when the speaker says, "Was impelled by government programs that said to people, every American should be in a home," the literal meaning is that government programs encouraged homeownership. However, the implied meaning is that these programs were promoting homeownership to an extent that was beyond what was sustainable or responsible, which ultimately led to a housing bubble and the 2008 financial crisis. The turn implies that the government's encouragement of homeownership was misguided and had negative consequences, which is a departure from the literal meaning of the words used in the turn.

turn 1 : The turn that has an actual meaning different from its literal meaning is (2). The speaker is not talking about physically diving into something, but rather delving into the topic of a new class of online retailer that uses Shopify and AliExpress. The implied meaning is that the speaker has started researching and investigating this topic in depth

turn 1 : In turn (2), the speaker acknowledges that people who own properties are more likely to benefit from property buyouts. However, the implied meaning is that the property buyout program may reinforce existing socioeconomic disparities, as people with more wealth are generally more often property owners. This suggests that the program may not be equally accessible to everyone, which is different from the literal meaning of the turn.

turn 1 : Turn (2) implies that the speaker has no opinion on the subject but is interested in hearing the opinions of others and is marveling at the idea of how much can change in 40 years.


Sure.

turn 3 : In this context, "Yeah. Yeah." is not meant to indicate agreement or affirmation, but rather a sign of impatience or boredom, suggesting that B is not particularly interested in the conversation or does not want to continue discussing the topic.

turn 3 :  Similarly, "Sure" is used as a casual affirmation or agreement in this context, indicating B's acceptance of what A just said. Its actual meaning is an informal way of expressing agreement or understanding, rather than its literal interpretation.

turn 3 : the simple agreement "yeah" could convey a range of meanings depending on the speaker's tone and context. It could indicate anything from sincere agreement to disinterest or even sarcasm.

turn 3 : In context, "Yeah" is used as a way to show agreement and understanding. Its implied meaning is that the speaker is in agreement with the idea being presented by the other person.


Well, she took a very strong stance and decided to convoke a disciplinary meeting at the headquarters of the National Front to reprimand officially and potentially exclude her father from the party he himself created 40 years ago.

She put out a statement that said, quote, "her father seems to have entered a veritable spiral between a scorched-earth strategy and a political suicide. "That's. . .

Yeah.

. . . Not making peace there, certainly.

turn 1 : The literal meaning is that the speaker wants to examine the motives behind the actions of the people involved in the events. The implied meaning is that the speaker is questioning whether their mother's version of events was accurate and whether the motives behind the actions were as terrible as their mother portrayed them to be.

turn 1 : The literal meaning is that the speaker questions the accuracy of their mother's version of events. The implied meaning is that people have different perspectives and interpretations of events, and that the speaker wants to understand the motives behind their mother's actions.

turn 1 : In turn 2, the speaker is implying that even though Mr. Putin's arguments may sound familiar to those of Hitler in 1938, the analogy between the two is still an exaggeration.

turn 1 :  B: "her father seems to have entered a veritable spiral between a scorched-earth strategy and a political suicide." The statement uses a metaphorical description of the father's behavior, comparing it to a downward spiral.


Yeah.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: Is there any indication of what will happen next in the conflict?

turn 3 : This turn is literal in meaning, as it is a straightforward question asking about the speaker's children.

turn 3 : B: "...Not making peace there, certainly." This turn uses the idiomatic expression "making peace," which means to resolve a conflict or disagreement. However, in this context, it is used sarcastically to suggest that the daughter's actions are not aimed at resolving the conflict with her father.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using a sarcastic or ironic tone to convey their true feelings or opinions about the situation, without explicitly stating them.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using sarcasm or irony to convey a different meaning than what is being explicitly stated.


So I've started shifting to doing a lot more interviews, which I love, and just stories about the major cases that are happening at the Supreme Court right now or that they're going to hear. And that's kind of what the other kids who've joined the blog have been doing as well. And I'm so psyched to have them on. I have five other teenagers who are all just so smart and passionate about the Court. It's been very cool to make friends who are my age who have the same kind of fanaticism that I do.

Why should young people be interested in the Supreme Court?I mean, what's your pitch to them?

High schoolers should care because the Supreme Court is enormously influential in our society. It makes decisions that affect where we can live, what rights we have when we're arrested, who we can marry, how much power a president has and so many other things, I couldn't list them on here. It really matters, so I think that high schoolers should get in the habit of paying attention, just as they might keep up with President Trump's tweets or a contentious Senate debate because it'll serve them well to be civically engaged and to know their rights.

And when you tell that to them, do they listen?

turn 0 : The implied meaning is that the person hopes for interaction and engagement between individuals interested in building their family tree or learning about family research, and that they will come across unexpected articles and ideas, leading to interesting discussions and experiences on the site.

turn 0 : They suppose that informing young people in an engaging way would be appropriate.

turn 0 : B: Now, what about the bloggers who are, you know, in our camp. What story are they hitting? The actual meaning: What topics are the bloggers supporting or focusing on? Literal meaning: What stories are the bloggers physically striking or hitting?

turn 0 : The person is happy, engaged, and hopeful by having teenagers on the blog.

turn 0 : People of all ages can make good friends regardless of their stage in life


How dependent is El Salvador on the money that comes in from Salvadorans living in the U. S.  and who send it back home?

Remittances are one of the main economy stabilizers of this country. Almost a fifth of our GDP comes from those. So if you see, Scott, in the case of the TPS, when I say it doesn't even make sense for the United States, it's because you have - 90 percent of those that are under the TPS program have formal employment in the United States. They pay their taxes. They have bank loans in the United States to pay for their houses that they are buying. So these are exemplary immigrants, and now you're pushing them to become either illegal aliens or to come back to a country that they can't recognize anymore after two decades.

Carlos Dada of El Faro in San Salvador, thanks very much for being with us.

Thank you, Scott.

turn 1 : Implies that the United States' decision to end Temporary Protection Status does not make sense because of the positive impact Salvadorans have had in the US.

turn 1 : The administration does not move forward physically but initiates plans to deal with immigration.

turn 1 : Mexico is facing a very serious and dangerous situation.

turn 1 : The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker believes that the U.S. will suffer from the consequences of withdrawing from UNESCO, both on a global and a national level.

turn 1 : No one was hit, but the unemployment numbers have been a shock and have had a negative affect on latin america. No one fell, but numbers have gone down in exports.


Right. And the second issue is the Steele dossier itself. The Republicans charged the FBI was politically motivated and relied on this unverified information from Christopher Steele and that his work can't be trusted because it was ultimately funded by the Democrats. The Democrats now say that the FBI disclosed this in its application to the surveillance court, which was approved by four Republican-appointed judges.

Yes. So OK. So this is the really interesting part of the debate, right?So now what's become clear is the FBI did tell the FISA court that they got this information from a source who was working with a U. S.  political sort of entity that was looking to - that the FBI speculated was looking to discredit a campaign - one - which in this case - the campaign of President Trump. And so now we know what the facts are. So the question is should they had been very clear and say it was the Hillary Clinton campaign that paid for this memo?

That's really the only debate now - was, should they have used the words Hillary Clinton campaign paid for or Democrats paid for it?And so that's a debate. And I think - look. I think that from the context, it will be clear to the FISA court that it was politically motivated, or at least the FBI believed that there was political motivation behind the paying for the dossier or whatever the information that they used the facts from. And so did they have to go that next step?And that's really all the debate is about today. And we're sort of almost - it's like angels dancing on the head of the pin at this point.

(Laughter).

turn 1 : The FBI intentionally avoided revealing that the Hillary Clinton campaign paid for the Steele dossier.

turn 1 : The Democratic memo contends Page was under surveillance for many reasons which initially had nothing to do with the controversial Steele dossier

turn 1 : The first memorandum makes unfounded allegations to undermine the FBI.

turn 1 : The White House made a mistake by not releasing the Democratic memo, which may discredit their claims of FBI corruption.


(as Antoine Batiste) Because when it comes to stolen love, Antoine Batiste has always been forced to be the villain. Come on, hit me, my brothers.

That series, of course, set in post-Katrina New Orleans, Pierce's hometown, where he could not help but notice that neighborhoods that gave birth to some of America's best-known cuisine had become virtual food deserts. So now, he's helped establish Sterling Farms, a grocery store with a mission to sell fresh food at affordable prices. And Wendell Pierce joins us now from member station WWNO in New Orleans. And nice to have you back on TALK OF THE NATION.

Always good to be back. Thank you.

And a lot of celebrities will front the money to start a project, but you're immersing yourself in this. So what do you know about running grocery stores?

turn 3 : (4) Implies that the speaker is asking if the restaurant that the person they are talking to owns has helped them in any way with their endeavours.

turn 3 : The narrator said there's no ads as in interruptions from A's mind. He wants an explanation to why he took the job.

turn 3 : In this turn, the speaker is not asking for a literal explanation of Wendell Pierce's knowledge about running grocery stores. Rather, the speaker is implying that it's impressive that Pierce is not just investing money in the project but is also personally involved in running the grocery store, and is asking about his experience and qualifications for doing so.

turn 3 :  (2) implies that Mr. Groves is joining the conversation for the purpose of providing his expertise on the topic.

turn 3 : The speaker's experience as a consumer helped in building their business.


Yeah. I think a big local newspaper, you know, was kind of like the big local sports team. There's always been hostility toward the big, local paper but I think there was a certain amount of pride in it. And this is our paper. We are a big-time city. I think the Herald spoke more for the community and reflected the community better than any other institution down here could. And now there is no institution to replace that, unless, you know, you talk about sports team or something like that. And I think that's true of many, many cities now.

We talk so much about newspapers. Is journalism going to survive?Has that become DIY?Is this an opportunity for novelists to step in?

You know, novelists have been trying to step in for hundreds of years. And I think the same forces that are sort of working against newspapers probably are also working, to some extent, against books. I just, I don't know. It just feels like everything happens so fast now and everybody, you know, goes on to the next subject so quickly now. Books seem a little archaic, except as entertainment and, you know, as an escape from policy and that sort of thing.

Dave Barry. His new novel, "Insane City. "Speaking with us, of course, from Miami. Dave, thanks so much for being with us.

turn 0 : The implied meaning of the first turn is that people have become apathetic to the problems facing the city and are not taking action.

turn 0 : In turn (1), the speaker asks why the neighborhoods around Logan were affected by some issue or problem. The literal meaning of the turn is a question about the specific cause or nature of the issue.

turn 0 : The turn in (1) implies that the speaker is excited about the attention they're receiving because they have a history of making groundbreaking decisions in the political arena.

turn 0 : Implied meaning: The speaker is indirectly suggesting that they may have information or opinions that they are hesitant to share openly.

turn 0 : In turn (1), the speaker implies that the big local newspaper was a point of pride and reflection for the community, despite the hostility towards it.


turn 1 : In turn (2), the speaker expresses their hope that The Root evolves into a platform where writers engage with each other and with communities outside the website, creating a vibrant marketplace for ideas. The literal meaning of the turn is straightforward. However, the implied meaning is that The Root aims to foster a diverse and inclusive online community where different perspectives are heard and debated. This suggests that the website has a broader mission than just providing a platform for writers to share their ideas.

turn 1 : In turn (2), the speaker questions the future of traditional journalism and whether there is an opportunity for novelists to fill the gap.

turn 1 : "Well, about 20 years ago, we were thinking about doing a literary magazine because at the time there weren't too many journals out there for new writers. There weren't many literary journals at all during that time. And so we stumbled upon an idea that we had started with one of our friends from college where he had given me a first line to start a story." - This turn has a literal meaning and it explains how the idea of the literary magazine was born and how they came up with the concept of exchanging first lines to create stories.

turn 1 : (2) is different from its literal meaning. While the speaker is describing the history of their literary magazine and how they started accepting submissions, the implied meaning is that the magazine has been successful and has been accepting submissions for a long time.

turn 1 : Turn (2) implies that the speaker has no opinion on the subject but is interested in hearing the opinions of others and is marveling at the idea of how much can change in 40 years.


turn 2 : The implied meaning in turn (3) is that the author saw a lack of knowledge among young people in their community about their own cultural history and wanted to address this deficit by creating a book with images and information about that history.

turn 2 : In turn (3), the speaker implies that the same forces that are affecting newspapers are also affecting books, and that books may be perceived as archaic except as a form of entertainment.

turn 2 : The implied meaning of turn (2) is that the speaker was tempted to find out if it was possible for the student to access the books they mentioned.

turn 2 : The literal meaning: The speaker mentions that they discuss this as a significant starting point or origin for the book. The implied meaning: The speaker suggests that this event plays a crucial role in shaping the themes or direction of the book.

turn 2 : The implied meaning in turn (2) is that the author created the book out of a desire to educate young black people about their cultural history, which they may not have learned from mainstream media sources such as hip-hop videos.


Yes. Tsar Nicholas tried to seek asylum in Britain. And the British parliament actually was about to grant him asylum, but the king, King George V, vetoed it. And what's interesting is King George V happened to be Nicholas' first cousin. So, as the saying goes, with relatives like that, who needs enemies?

Why did he do that?Do you know?

He was afraid that it would cause a revolution in England as well. So, he said better stay away.

Now, then, of course, we have Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos. Most of us remember Imelda Marcos for her shoe collection. But I gather that before they left the Philippines, they gathered up a few more things.

turn 2 : Actual meaning: A is pointing out the lack of discussion and attention given to a potential solution to a problem due to the dominance of the Trump-related discourse. Literal meaning: A is discussing a method of repealing Obamacare that involves tax credits and encourages consumer choice.

turn 2 : The speaker's literal meaning is that King George V vetoed Tsar Nicholas' asylum request because he was afraid it would cause a revolution in England. The implicated meaning could be that family loyalty can sometimes be compromised by political considerations, and that monarchs might prioritize the interests of their country over those of their own relatives.

turn 2 : Implies that the speaker is asking for the other person's opinion about the political implications of the current situation.

turn 2 : (3) has an implied meaning different from its literal meaning. The speaker is describing a military base that was not strategically important but was taken over by Russian forces because it was symbolic. The base was given an ultimatum to evacuate, but the soldiers and pilots chose to stay and fight. The speaker describes the situation as "very expected," which implies that similar events have occurred before.

turn 2 : The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker is a supporter of Obama and is not afraid to express it publicly, even if it goes against the expectations of his mother.


Well, so far, they've gotten houses in Jeddah, a city on the Red Sea in Saudi Arabia. They've also gotten monthly stipends, or monthly payments, of about $10,000 to $15,000 per month.

Although it sounds like, from your reporting, that's just the beginning. You report negotiations for possible larger payments. What would they be?

Yeah. So this is - this happens in sort of two stages. These were payments that were approved by the king late last year for the family. But going forward, you know, there are cases; there are prosecutions underway in Saudi Arabia. When those conclude, there would be an opening for discussions for far more money. And that's where you get into the real sort of blood money situation or scenario. Those could be millions and millions of dollars (inaudible). . .

Now, we should just underline that. I mean, we understand, from civil lawsuits in the United States, the idea of punitive damages. Blood money, I guess, is somewhat similar but also different. This is a way to wipe away a killing rather than the family of the victim having to seek revenge. Is that right?

turn 2 : If they began to lose money steadily then they would change their pay.

turn 2 : The past compensations for financial firms have been excessive.

turn 2 : The company may be motivated to pay the settlement to avoid further legal complications.

turn 2 : (3) Implied meaning: Do states have to make a difficult decision on how to use the limited funds?

turn 2 : (3) implies that there is a possibility of further financial compensation beyond the previously approved payments, while


turn 3 : The implication is that wealthy people or those with access to wealth may be able to avoid criminal punishment by using blood money.

turn 3 : Using "dead broke" to mean completely out of money is a non-literal meaning.

turn 3 : (4) implies that "blood money" is a way to reconcile with the family of the victim without seeking revenge.

turn 3 : (4) is the same as its literal meaning, which is a brief acknowledgement of what was just said.

turn 3 : Implicates that the speaker is willing to sacrifice certain moral values for the sake of saving lives.


(Reading) It should be pointed out that the Runyon Street homicides remain under active investigation. This office dismissed the case against Sanford because we were unable to retry the case. This dismissal is not the same as exoneration. It must be emphasized that Vincent Smothers has had several opportunities to testify under oath to exonerate Sanford but each time has refused.

So how do you respond to that?

It's hard to know what to make of that statement. My first response is that the attorney general - so the top prosecutor of the state of Michigan - has found that Davontae Sanford is innocent and has accepted that fact and agreed to award him over $400,000 in compensation. Vincent Smothers has declared that he is guilty and has said in a sworn affidavit that Davontae Sanford had nothing to do with it. My understanding is that none of the people to whom Smothers pointed have been prosecuted or indeed will be prosecuted by Kym Worthy.

Every now and then over the years, I've talked to prosecutors about exoneration cases. And they often say, look, they were legally convicted by a jury. The conviction was upheld on appeal. You can't make the legal system work if it's vulnerable to people showing up years after the fact sometimes, changing their testimony or even confessing - because that can be problematic.

turn 2 : Prosecutors sometimes prioritize finality over justice, even when faced with new evidence.

turn 2 : Prosecutors have more power than judges in determining charges

turn 2 : It is being implied that it will be difficult to proceed to court.

turn 2 : Case is a legal judgement that will take place before a judge.


Now for a little news I could use - book recommendations. My Memorial Day weekend starts right after the show. And like most people, I'm looking for summer reads, something to put in my bag next to my SPF 100. Normally I would solicit recommendations on social media. But today I don't have to because WEEKEND EDITION books editor Barrie Hardymon joins me in studio now. Hey, Barrie.

Hi. I also have sunscreen recommendations for later if you want them.

(Laughter) First I want to start off with what I would ask you, is that my favorite kind of summer read is just the frothy page-turner, the one book that everyone's reading that HBO or Netflix is going to turn into a movie or TV show sometime next year.

You want your basic "Gone Girl. "

turn 3 : has a figurative meaning, as it is implying a joke about the idea of Dame Stella turning her experiences into a novel.

turn 3 : This turn is literal in meaning, as it is a straightforward question asking about the speaker's children.

turn 3 : it does not mean "gone Girl" but something like "gone girl"

turn 3 : She is not being put in a box. She means the roles people apply to her and her life.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is implying that her character's story line on the show mirrored her own life experience.


From the studios of NPR West, this is Day to Day. I'm Madeleine Brand. Iraqi forces took control of Baghdad's Green Zone today. Iraq's leaders celebrated the moment, saying the country's sovereignty has been returned six years after U. S.  forces invaded and toppled the regime of Saddam Hussein.

Army Captain Nate Rawlings is here from Baghdad. He's with the First Brigade Combat Team of the 4th Infantry Division. He's a regular contributor to Day to Day. Happy New Year, Nate.

Happy New Year to you, Madeleine.

Thank you. Well, so how do soldiers there in Iraq - how do they mark the new year?

turn 1 : The fact that Nate is a regular contributor to the show is acknowledged

turn 1 :  implies a respectful and grateful invitation to Professor Dredge to join the show, while

turn 1 : when Joe Bennett says "I'm sure that you will say that the other shows address these issues. However, I disagree in the format in which they do," he implies that the other shows may address issues that affect African Americans, but not in a way that is satisfactory or effective.

turn 1 : The implied meaning of this turn is that Dave LaBounty is grateful for being given the opportunity to be on the show

turn 1 : BET Awards are great because they have all the celebrities, unlike other shows


And all this happened after midnight on Friday, so most people were sleeping. They were caught off guard and unable to escape. Houses, cars and bridges were washed away. And 17 neighborhoods were partially destroyed. And the town hospital and morgue are overflowing. Among the victims is a policeman who was carried away by rushing water when he tried to save a 12-year-old girl from drowning. And then there's the case of the Mocoa mayor, who is a pastor - he's homeless because rocks and mud came into his house and filled it all the way up to the ceiling.

Sounds like a horrific situation. How has the government responded?

President Juan Manuel Santos flew into Mocoa to inspect the town. He sent in the army. The Red Cross is there. There are emergency workers searching for survivors. But one of the problems is that there's no airport in Mocoa, and the main road into the town's been partially washed out. Half of Putumayo state's without power, and the drinking water supply has been totally destroyed. Now there've been some reports of people looting stores for food and water.

Just briefly - you know, we've heard a lot about flooding and landslides in Latin America recently. Peru's also had massive flooding. Do we know why this is happening?

turn 1 : The speaker is suggesting that the situation might not be as serious or dangerous as it initially seemed.

turn 1 : The speaker is expressing sympathy for the victims and their families.

turn 1 : (2) "Sounds like a horrific situation." - The speaker is expressing empathy and concern for the situation, rather than just describing the situation as horrific.

turn 1 : : The speaker is expressing frustration or disappointment about a situation, and may be looking for empathy or support from the listener.


turn 2 : "Now, I don't for a moment expect you to identify with the people who attacked your store. But can you - can you see where fancy bowls of cereal would kind of fit into their agenda about the world, their neighborhood changing right before their eyes?"

turn 2 : (3) "Now there've been some reports of people looting stores for food and water." - The speaker is indicating that the situation has led to some social disorder and desperation, rather than just reporting the fact that looting has occurred.

turn 2 : A is implying that there have been small reports of violence, such as stones being thrown at mosques and shops being burned down.

turn 2 : "It's a trend we've seen" is a statement about a trend, not a literal description of what the speaker has seen.

turn 2 : The speaker is implying that some law enforcement professionals may be resistant to gathering and analyzing data on animal abuse because they view it as an added bureaucratic burden. This suggests that the speaker believes that some law enforcement officials may be unwilling to take the issue of animal abuse seriously or prioritize it as a potential indicator of violent behavior.


turn 2 : : The speaker is expressing frustration or disappointment about a situation, and may be looking for empathy or support from the listener.

turn 2 : The implied meaning of (3) is to encourage people to learn and understand the connection between the hurricanes, tornadoes and other natural disasters, without relying on someone else to do it for them.

turn 2 : The speaker aims to evoke empathy and raise awareness about the devastating impact of the natural disaster on the community, including loss of life, destruction of infrastructure, and the displacement of individuals, such as the mayor being left homeless.

turn 2 : The speaker is expressing sympathy for the victims and their families.

turn 2 : (3) is different from its literal meaning. While the speaker is describing the vulnerability of women and children in a humanitarian crisis, the implied meaning is that despite the significant amount of funding provided in 2017, the situation has worsened in 2018 and there is still a critical need for aid.


President Obama faces increasing pressure to intervene in Syria, where the civil war has killed an estimated 70,000 people and displaced more than a million more. Artillery, tanks and anti-aircraft fire - and aircraft fire on civilians, and now there are reports that nerve gas has been used as well. The U. S.  would justify any action as a humanitarian intervention to protect civilians, the same ground cited in Bosnia, Somalia, Iraq and Libya. And as those instances suggest, the president faced tremendous risks and very little prospect of reward. That's the conclusion of Gary Bass, a professor of politics in international affairs at Princeton University. He's the author of "Freedom's Battle: The Origins of Humanitarian Intervention," and he joins now via Skype from his home in New York. Good of you to be with us today.

Thank you.

And it's hard to talk about this topic without bringing up Syria, where the president is being asked to intervene under pressure to do so.

That's right. And increasingly, people are talking about it. Seventy thousand dead, how can this go on day after day?

turn 0 : Many academic reports are cited without actually being read.

turn 0 : "the same ground cited" implies the same reasons cited.

turn 0 : Common ground means a place in opinion where two different sides think alike.

turn 0 : The speaker disagrees with the other person's argument.

turn 0 : It is unclear exactly what the motive for the actions was.


Thank you.

turn 2 : There is a lack of progress in the political process for the Syrian crisis.

turn 2 : "without bringing up Syria" implies without speaking about the topic of Syria.

turn 2 : He does not go into Syria, just told what is happening there.

turn 2 : Jordan is open to international efforts to resolve the situation in Syria, but is not taking unilateral action


But today, the Reverend Al Sharpton, members of Bell's family, and other community leaders are taking these protests one step further. They'll march and stage pray-ins throughout New York City. One of the sites is House of the Lord Church in downtown Brooklyn, led by the Reverend Herb Daughtry. We talked to the reverend yesterday about his plans for the protest.

What we're supposed to do is assemble at various sites around the city and then march to the action site. That is the place where we will submit ourselves, some of us, to an arrest. Hopefully, in so doing, we will tie up the city so that there will be - there would be no movement, no motion. And everybody in the city and indeed across the nation will get the message that we will not stand for policemen, the people we pay to protect us, to kill us.

Reverend, when you talk about blocking things off and shutting things down, does that mean that you will literally block the streets?

Obviously, I don't want to be too specific, but we have assembling points. Points where we tell people to assemble. Here in Brooklyn, it's at our church, the House of the Lord Church. Now, once people have assembled, then we will go to the designated sites of action, where the civil disobedience will take place.

Sean Bell was a young man. Have you been able to reach out to people who are in their 20s or even in their teens to try to get them to join on to this protest?

turn 0 : The speaker believes that the protests need to be more extreme for America to acknowledge the issue, but not necessarily violent.

turn 0 : In this turn, the speaker is not just providing a straightforward answer to the question asked by the interviewer. Instead, they are using the opportunity to condemn the violent behavior of protesters and emphasize the importance of peaceful demonstrations. The implied meaning is that the government does have a policy for dealing with protesters, but the speaker is more interested in making a statement about the need for peaceful protest.

turn 0 : "taking these protests one step further" - This phrase means that the protestors are escalating their actions beyond just protesting.

turn 0 : The implied meaning of the first turn is that people have become apathetic to the problems facing the city and are not taking action.

turn 0 : The speaker is implying that their protests might elevate beyond peaceful methods if they don't get what they think they deserve.


turn 1 : The police may be downplaying the number of protesters.

turn 1 : There will be a lot of formal events but street protests will be the highlight.

turn 1 : The protests are still significant despite not being widespread

turn 1 : The protest will be disruptive and cause inconvenience to the city

turn 1 : The protest has been peaceful despite potential for violence.


turn 1 : In this turn, the speaker is not just providing a straightforward answer to the question asked by the interviewer. Instead, they are using the opportunity to condemn the violent behavior of protesters and emphasize the importance of peaceful demonstrations. The implied meaning is that the government does have a policy for dealing with protesters, but the speaker is more interested in making a statement about the need for peaceful protest.

turn 1 : The speaker is implying that their protests might elevate beyond peaceful methods if they don't get what they think they deserve.

turn 1 : "submit ourselves... to an arrest" - This phrase means that the protestors are intentionally getting themselves arrested as a form of civil disobedience, rather than trying to avoid arrest.

turn 1 : A is implying that the citizens were expressing their gratitude to Muscovites for protesting.


But that's the idea.

So far, on your video, you show that you can make something that looks like Band-Aid, like cover a cut.

It's like a blob. But it's a really beautiful blob.

It's beautiful. I think it reminded me of flower petals, you know, opening and closing.

turn 2 : you don't really know that much about this.

turn 2 : They would not do bad things were most people would find out about them.

turn 2 : B is impressed or surprised by what A said.

turn 2 : B finds something amusing or funny, but it's not clear what

turn 2 : It is different than what most people would imagine a blob to be.


Yes. The, quote, unquote - they said my family still stays in Pakistan, and I will inherit a little amount of money when my parents pass away and that my fiance still lives in Pakistan. And these are the reasons that they knew - even my recruiters knew even before I joined the U. S.  military. If they wanted to deny me, they could have denied me at the time of recruitment. But they made me wait two and a half years in limbo. And that impacted my studies a lot.

And I gather this week the U. S.  Army reinstated more than 30 recruits. But were you one of them?

I was not. The memo from the Department of Defense said that all the recruits who got discharged after July 20, they will be reinstated. And I got discharged on July 1. So it does not make any sense why the people after July 20 can get reinstated and not me.

How do you feel?

turn 0 : The fact that A's parents were from Pakistan led to their failure in background checks.

turn 0 : A's family and fiance being in Pakistan were used as excuses to discriminate against them in the military

turn 0 : A's decision to join the U.S. military is not typical due to his background and experiences in Pakistan.

turn 0 : Being called a Muslim terrorist is hurtful and dangerous.


A lot of destruction, complete devastation - the poultry barns, for example, some of those barns are completely gone. Where the hardest wind gusts hit, it was like Godzilla came and just pulled everything up from the ground. With the banana plantations, you know, you can see when the weakest palm trees fell and broke - when they started feeling the winds because they're leaning one way. And then when the hurricane changed direction, then you see the other one's going to the other side and broken. So you can see the power (laughter) that the hurricane had.

What are we looking at in terms of how quickly they can start working again?

It will depend on the crop. For example, the coffee growers - the arabica bean coffee was being harvested right now. So they're working hard to collect from the ground whatever's left so they can sell it in the market. So we're giving them working capital to be able to pay their payroll, and then we'll start planning for next year's harvesting because it's a one-year crop. On the other end, some of the papaya plantations - growers, they also have bananas and plantains. They have younger trees. So if they cut down the banana trees, in eight, nine months they'll be able to get on their feet.

What does this mean for Puerto Ricans and their access to food?

turn 0 : The impact of Hurricane Dorian resulted in extensive damage and loss of life.

turn 0 : Hurricane Dorian caused extensive damage and loss of life.

turn 0 : Staying in low-lying areas during hurricane will cause certain death

turn 0 : The hurricane caused severe destruction and devastation in the area.

turn 0 : The trailer homes were severely damaged due to the tornado and people were forced to evacuate.


turn 2 : Even though the narrator already explained the word it is still needs a repeat as harvested means already gathered from the field.

turn 2 : The program of providing direct payments to farmers is more feasible than dumping large amounts of crops on poor countries.

turn 2 : Credit is important for farmers to survive and the credit crunch has made it more expensive and difficult to obtain

turn 2 : They want to design a way to keep plants's internal system working even when they are indoors.

turn 2 : Some crop growers are able to resume operations sooner than others depending on the crop type.


Hey, how are you?

I'm well. So how big a deal is this for companies that - we now know Uber and Lyft are basically synonymous with app-based ride-sharing?

It's definitely something that they're fighting tooth and nail and hoping that they can avoid being called - calling their workforce employees at this point.

I mean, is it just about money for them - which, I guess, isn't insignificant. Uber hasn't exactly been making a profit.

turn 2 : Hitting the nail on the head means to state the truth. The deaf ears are people that don't want to hear about it.

turn 2 : "Don't try to chew that gum" has a figurative meaning. It is a warning or joke to not try to interact with the virtual gum as if it were real gum.

turn 2 : The literal meaning suggests that Todd taught A not to scream and not to pay the employees. However, the actual meaning is that A learned from Todd's mistakes and did not engage in those behaviors.

turn 2 : strike implies to stop work and not to hit, blow or delete something

turn 2 : Fighting tooth and nail is a figurative expression. Here it means they are doing what they can (fighting, but not physically) to avoid calling their workers employees.


Well, some of their problems - they're doing very badly in the polls - is due to the personality of the Democratic Party leader, Matteo Renzi. He has a very sharp Tuscan wit, which, to non-Tuscans, makes him sound like an obnoxious smart aleck. And he's deeply disliked within his own party. Several members of the leftist old guard accused Renzi of being too centrist. They broke away, and that strongly weakened the party.

Under the party leadership, Italy's economy came out of a very devastating recession. And it has grown in the last five years, not as fast as its European partners. But it's done much better. And the party also passed a landmark civil rights legislation with a civil unions law for same-sex couples, despite the strong influence of the Catholic Church in politics. But, you know, the party's push for structural reforms was strongly resisted by both the right and the left. Italians are essentially conservative. They don't like change. But the populists are really pushing a vision of the past. And they're strongly skeptical of the European Union. And if they came to power, that could further destabilize the EU at a time when the bloc is already dealing with Britain's exit and growing authoritarianism in member states like Poland and Hungary.

Sylvia, thanks very much.

Thank you, Renee.

turn 0 : The criticism is by some that are offended by the langauge.

turn 0 : "it's quite clear that it is a cherry-picked narrative.But reading it makes you wonder if that's an insult to cherries." Implicated meaning: The speaker thinks that the narrative is biased and selectively chosen. They express their criticism in a humorous way, by questioning if even cherries would be offended by being associated with the narrative.

turn 0 : The speaker is pointing out the cultural differences between America and their country, where America tends to cover up imperfections while their country embraces them. Implicated meaning: The speaker values authenticity and honesty over superficial appearances.

turn 0 : Matteo Renzi's sharp wit is perceived as obnoxious by non-Tuscans

turn 0 : The speaker is acknowledging the wealth of their country and how they have been living in luxury, but now they feel like beggars due to the sudden change in their circumstances.


Sylvia, thanks very much.

Thank you, Renee.

turn 1 : Great Britain's process of leaving the EU is chaotic

turn 1 : Populists' vision of the past could destabilize the EU

turn 1 : The politician holds some wise ideas despite his radical and populist views.

turn 1 : The chaos caused by Brexit has unified European citizens and strengthened their attachment to the EU.

turn 1 : Europe wants to assert its independence from the US while risking consequences


I think I understand the differences between older and younger generations a little more than your average person. My colleagues and I, again, specialize in talking with large corporations and helping them understand street trends and, you know, more kind of what's going on with regular people. And I think that that's one of the problems with economic and social issues in the world today, is that all these big leaders are meeting at places like Davos, and they're coming up with these amazing plans of action and initiatives.

But then, it's hard to relay the message to a younger generation and speak to them in a language that they understand and that they can relate to. So I'm hoping that maybe I can translate that gap a little bit, and help people understand what's really going on.

Rebecca, when you're there at Davos, who are you most looking forward to talking to, and what questions do you think you might ask?

I mean, there's so many people who are going to be there. Kofi Annan, I would love to talk to him. And I just kind of want to find out what these people think about what's going on in the world and the solutions. But maybe more on laymen's term and have them explain, you know, what young people and what individuals can do to make a difference. What someone can do who's maybe not in a position to mingle and brainstorm with other distinguished people at a convention like Davos.

turn 1 : it represents the person is very enthusiastic and interested to be engaged in doing it

turn 1 : AGREE WITH THE TURN AND IMPLIED MEANING AND BELIVE THAT EVERYONE

turn 1 : to relate to means to like something on a personal level, that you personally can like and understand.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using a metaphor or analogy to convey a deeper meaning or idea, often related to emotions or personal experiences.

turn 1 : It seems like a book that gives advice that helps people get with the one they love, in this case, what they love.


If you take that vial and set it down next to a trail of crazy ants, rather than fleeing from that plume of odor, they actually turn and head towards the vial. So they seem to be attracted to their alarm pheromones - their alarm pheromone. And so as a result, that's kind of snowballs. So you're getting an ant that's electrocuted, it releases alarm pheromones, more ants to pile on.

That seems odd that they would be attracted to the alarm.

There - it is a little odd, except for - a lot of ants do this. It's part of how ants organize the defensives nests, for example, so if there's an intruder you release alarm pheromones and nest mates know that there's a threat that they need to be defending against.

Hmm. Do they bite?

turn 0 : There are videos of ants moving about rapidly and randomly.

turn 0 : There's no aggression with ants that do not behave like normal ant colonies.

turn 0 : Fire ants are not ants of fire but they have a sting that feels like fire on the person.

turn 0 : more ants pile on means that more ants are attracted to the sent.

turn 0 : a lot of stuff means there is a massive amount


And a couple of weeks after that, I got a phone call from a Vietnam vet who wanted me to write an obit about a World War II vet who served on a submarine and is basically a hero. And I was so moved by his story. And I realized that this is where I connect. This is where all African-Americans connect to America. I mean, our people have served and have done so much so that people like me can have the opportunities that I have.

So I guess it's a story of - in a way, of me searching for who I am. Searching for my history, searching for my people's history.

Give me an example of one of the stories that you found about a World War II veteran.

Well, one of the veterans I interviewed was a man named Waverly Woodson (ph). And I saw the movie "Saving Private Ryan," and I mean, I thought it was a great movie. But I was really struck by the fact that there were like no black people in it. And I assumed that no African-Americans served on D-Day. But when I started writing the book, I really wanted to find an African-American who served on D-Day, because I soon found that that was not the case.

turn 3 : black per person implies African American person  and not a black color human being

turn 3 : black people  implies African American people and not black color humans beings

turn 3 : whites refers to the Europeans and Americans and not just a color

turn 3 : The speaker is worried that their work may contribute to the stereotype that black people are oversexualized.


You know, it'd be nice if we could all hold hands and hug each other and sing "Kumbaya" and it be like that. But fact is, whether we like it or not, our country and virtually every other country in the world has become heavily dependent on satellites. So it's natural that you're going to see warfighting move up into that domain.

We've got to stay ahead of that. Now, hopefully, if we're smart and effective at this, it will have a chilling effect on anybody wanting to try and go there because that's one of the things that we have found keeps war at bay, is when you're the biggest, baddest cat on the block. Nobody wants to bother with you. We are not maintaining that status when it comes to space like we are terrestrially.

Congressman Mike Rogers of Alabama, thank you so much for joining us.

Thank you.

turn 1 : Space-based energy system could potentially solve energy crisis.

turn 1 : "Should space be the new frontier of warfare, or should it actually be a place where, indeed, these cooperations flourish?" - This phrase implies that there is a debate over whether space should be viewed as a potential battlefield, or as a place where nations can work together peacefully and collaboratively on scientific and exploratory projects.

turn 1 : The planet is far away from us, but it's measurable

turn 1 : gravity implies that in politics a person's actions can hinder them from acting further

turn 1 : Being the dominant power in space can deter others from challenging us in that domain.


Thank you.

turn 2 : joining us implies being part of a program or activity and not referring to mixing or attaching people together

turn 2 : joining us implies being part of an activity and not being to mix up

turn 2 : joining us implies being a part or a participant


He already faces charges in Indiana from the secretary of state's office. He likely will face charges in Florida. The Coast Guard Investigative Services now are working with the Pensacola U. S.  attorney's office. They are tallying up the cost of the search for him. That will include manpower hours; that will include two helicopters, a boat and a cutter that they had put into the water. So, he will face a felony charge there, which has not been filed yet, of making a false distress call, and likely will be asked to repay the cost of the search for him.

Carol, has anything been heard from his wife or those who had invested money with him?

We have spoken with one person who had hired him as his financial adviser. It was a former Delta pilot. Apparently, a group of Delta pilots had brought him on board to manage their money. He had lost several thousand - well, thousands of dollars, but I think that is small compared to some of the larger investors.

Carol Robinson of the Birmingham News in Alabama, thank you.

turn 0 : President Trump did not make calls along lines but made calls that are similar to what is said.

turn 0 : (1) The speaker is not only suggesting using technology to alert providers when they may be entering orders for the wrong patient, but also emphasizing the importance of preventing medical errors in the healthcare system.

turn 0 : The speaker was falsely accused and wrongfully blamed.

turn 0 : The person is thinking of a particular person but they are not going to say who.

turn 0 : The person being talked about made a fake emergency call


I wrote nothing that of the slightest consequence before I met Sarah. I was a gag man for Fred Allen for five years. In his time, he was the greatest of the radio comedians. And jokes work for what they are but they're ephemeral. They just disappear. And that was the kind of thing I did up until the time that I met Sarah and we married. And I would say my literary career and my mature life both began with her.

And she would read everything that you did, and I gather she wouldn't be shy about telling you to change stuff.

Well, Scott, I used to read the books to her as I wrote them. And I have to tell you, she didn't like "Marjorie" at all at first. I'm not sure she ever got used to it because I couldn't quite conceal the fact that I was sort of falling in love with this imaginary young woman. But she would tell me what she thought. It was almost always right. And I would either get angry because I thought she was wrong and then have to get used to it, or I heard right away that she was right.

May I ask how you're doing without her?

turn 0 : They thought he was a joke or not a serious person

turn 0 : (1) "B: (Laughter)." This turn implies that B found something funny or amusing, but it does not provide any literal information or statement.

turn 0 : he literal meaning is that the speaker agrees with something and acknowledges that the other person is correct, and they both laugh.

turn 0 : The way Alan Feuer spoke was unusual or unique.

turn 0 : He was a comedian for Fred Allen, not an actual gag man.


There was a point at which radiation was all the rage for everything.

It was. And it wasn't that long ago. In the early 1900s, Marie Curie had discovered radium. Everybody thought it was the biggest and best thing. So they put it into water, so people would drink radioactive water. It was a treatment called Radithor that was sold all over the place. People could buy their own crocks that were impregnated with radioactive compounds so that when you put water in it, you could drink your own radioactive water at home.

What were they trying to cure?

They thought that it would make them young again and give them youthful vigor. People would take it for aching joints, restoring ill health. I mean, it was all these vague complaints and problems.

The cures didn't really take, right?

Well, no. It didn't help at all because you can't actually use radium to cure hypertension or diabetes or rheumatism. What happens is when you ingest radium like that, unfortunately, one of the places that the body likes to take up that element is in the bones. And so people would get bone cancers, and they would get anemias. And it was pretty deadly.

turn 1 : The invisibility and tastelessness of water problems make it easier for them to go unnoticed and unaddressed, leading to potential risks to public health and safety.

turn 1 : Despite medical advancement, outdated and toxic drugs were used.

turn 1 : The water is so clean that it is safe to drink.

turn 1 : they are performing experiments on mice, and the mice are all dead

turn 1 : People in the past used to consume radioactive water as a cure for various health problems, but it turned out to be fatal.


My God, the gratitude will be endless.

Now it's interesting what you're saying because, you know, your writing is so rooted in the Dominican community of New Jersey, specifically New Jersey is a very, you know, specific group of people. And, you know, the character, Yunior, who you have written about in your books, he's a smart, nerdy, bookish kid who I always think is maybe a little bit like yourself.

And I wonder what it's like to grow up in that community as a bookish kid, as I imagine you were, and then suddenly get an award like this, suddenly be declared a genius, suddenly have the freedom to, as they say, explore whatever you want to explore. Tell me about that journey for you, that personal journey.

Well, I mean, it bears repeating. I'm an immigrant. My father was an undocumented immigrant. I come from a community, a Dominican community that's part of a larger Latino community. And listen, you don't have to be a particularly awake person to know that for the last couple years, immigrants, Latinos and folks who have anything to do with undocumented immigration, have been just demonized by our politicians.

turn 0 : "Thank you" is a polite expression of gratitude. Its meaning is literal and straightforward.

turn 0 : A is very grateful and thankful, but the gratitude is not actually endless

turn 0 : "Thank you" - The literal meaning is an expression of gratitude or appreciation.

turn 0 : Expressing gratitude for the invitation and glad to be here.

turn 0 : very enjoy am very nice feelvery enjoy am very nice feel


My God, the gratitude will be endless.

turn 2 : She writes a wide variety of stories and the lessons that she learns as a writer can be seen in her stories.

turn 2 : B wants to know more about the writer's personal journey, but also wants to understand how the writer's experiences may have shaped their writing

turn 2 : She creates lines of written work in stories that sound good and have a great deal of emotion. Also, the way she writes her stories has a great deal of meaning.

turn 2 : Writing through the woman's perspective is done to create mystery.

turn 2 : She wrote very close to what happened in her own life.


And we're hearing from you on your cell phone at the kiosk now, and we should note that where you are is not too far from Fort Bragg, which is home to the 82nd Airborne Division. And apparently, a lot of the soldiers have been coming home, and how has that affected your business?

Well, I mean, all the economy has been affected, but we're not as bad because luckily, we do do a lot of things for the military. Their wives are still here, so it's constantly them bringing in things that they need to be shipped overseas or just little minor things, things for the babies. It does keep a good flow in, though.

You mentioned the babies. I hear there's been an upsurge in the birth rate there, 50 percent more recently. That's a lot of babies.

Well, the troops came home at the first of the year, and now, everywhere you look, it's women pushing strollers, or they're pregnant.

And so, what kind of stuff are people bringing to you at your kiosk there for these expectant mothers?

turn 1 :  A is explaining that the compensation system in the military has not kept up with the changing demographics of the military families. The literal meaning of the words is that military families with larger family sizes qualify for food assistance because their income is not sufficient. However, the implied meaning is that the military compensation system needs to be adjusted to match the changing demographics of the military families.

turn 1 : The US military has evidence to support their claim.

turn 1 : The majority of security forces are with the people due to the impact of the crisis on their families

turn 1 : Military families are a significant source of income.


turn 3 : There will be significant concerns in the region moving forward.

turn 3 : The families, town, and communities lose members and become non existent as a unit.

turn 3 : The idea of using military intervention for spreading American values has been consistent throughout the 20th century.

turn 3 : The military deployment has had a significant impact on the demographics of the town.

turn 3 : It tells about developed our nation and innovoted lot of things


No. It's a tie right now at 50/50, which does make it rather tense. But there is no sign yet of a third Republican turning against DeVos. And if it's a tie on the floor next week as we expect it to be, that will be broken by the president of the Senate, who is, of course, Vice President Mike Pence.

A CNN-ORC poll out yesterday gives President Trump a 52 percent - 53 percent disapproval rating. That's the lowest of any new U. S.  president since polling began. Does this make some Republicans in Congress rethink their support for his policies?

No, or at least not yet, not at this point. After last year, we need to remember polls are just polls. And besides, Donald Trump is still very popular among Republicans, and Republican members of Congress care first and foremost about their own voters.

I have to ask you about this finally. The president chose the national - the White House prayer breakfast to unload on Arnold Schwarzenegger, former governor of California, the man who succeeded him as host of "The Apprentice. "The president said, they hired a big, big movie star to take my place. We know how that's turned out. The ratings went right down the tubes. It's been a total disaster.

turn 3 : The literal meaning of turn (4) is that CNN was unable to verify some of the claims that Dr. Ben Carson has made about his past, including an incident where he stabbed a friend and his application and acceptance to West Point. However, the implied meaning is that Dr. Carson may have exaggerated or embellished these stories in order to make his personal redemption story more compelling. The turn (4) uses the phrase "the implication is" to indicate that this is not a direct accusation, but rather a suggestion or insinuation.

turn 3 : The implied meaning of this turn is that A is implying that the way media is consumed has changed drastically, and this could lead to the failure of the American experiment.

turn 3 :  The implied meaning of (4) is that Jeff Jarvis is not only a media analyst and professor of journalism, but also a commentator on the current news and media situation.

turn 3 : implication: By attacking Arnold Schwarzenegger, the President was actually expressing his own insecurities and dissatisfaction with the fact that he was replaced on the show.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is hinting at a deeper or hidden motive or intention behind their actions or words.


So when did it start to go bad?

Well, when they started cutting the shifts back. You know, they had three shifts. And when things started going bad, we started opening at seven o'clock in the morning just to accommodate to the third shift people so that they could come here, have a bite to eat and a drink before they went home.

And then third shift, you know, they did away with that. So then we started - we quit opening up early because of that, and so that really cut back on our business. Then, they got rid of the next shift. They are only one shift. It just like gradually has gotten worse and worse. So now, we're concerned, what about now, when there's going to be nobody.

Was this - I don't know - was this a dream to own your own business, own your own restaurant?

turn 1 : The cuts will be significant and likely affect employees.

turn 1 :  (2) Implied Meaning: I am fortunate because I don't have to do the night shift that often and I get a break when I am covering the legislative session.

turn 1 :  "cutting to shots of Brooklyn Decker" - This is a metaphorical expression that means switching to footage of Brooklyn Decker. It does not literally refer to cutting anything.

turn 1 : cutting shifts back means that they cut hours someone has to work, or removed a shift someone is working


So when did it start to go bad?

turn 3 : (3) Implies that people have become so used to not prioritizing sleep that they are violating their own basic human right.

turn 3 : "Dream" is not a literal dream while sleeping, it means something someone always wanted to do. An aspiration.

turn 3 : to imagine something in this context means something was unbelievable to the person but it still happened

turn 3 : (4) Implies that Donald Trump's disregard for sleep is unwise and potentially detrimental.


The census is required by the Constitution and federal law. There's really no wiggle room here. Trump did sign this executive order directing all agencies to provide the Commerce Department with U. S.  citizenship and noncitizenship data of everyone living in the U. S. The thing is, though, that that data collection was already under way, or at least some of it was. So it's not clear what this executive order is really achieving.

House voted to limit the president's authority to use the military to strike Iran. What's the significance of that vote?

So this defense bill was really aimed at reining in the president's power to use military force against Iran without approval from Congress. This has been an issue not only with this president, but, obviously, with prior administrations - the question of when a president must get permission to take military action. And Democrats in the House are trying to take some of that authority back and give it back to Congress. Obviously, Trump was on his - very close to striking Iran, according to him, a few weeks ago.

But although the bill passed the House, it did so along party lines, and it's going to have a much harder time in the Senate. You're likely going to see some compromise have to be made for this bill to become law.

turn 0 : Congress and the president are not working at the moment.

turn 0 : Despite congressional interest, the Trump administration is not listening to anyone but Donald Trump

turn 0 : The executive order signed by Trump may not be accomplishing anything new.

turn 0 : The president may be lying about not being informed

turn 0 : The current situation is chaotic and not following the rules of the Constitution


turn 0 : Trump's executive order may not be achieving anything new.

turn 0 : The president is trying to prioritize the needs of those who have been forgotten by society.


turn 2 :  Republicans may attempt to use impeachment as a tool to try to challenge and limit Clinton's power.

turn 2 : Democrats are trying to limit the President's power to take military action without approval from Congress.

turn 2 : "They're fighting this because they don't want Congress meddling" - This phrase implies that the Pentagon is resisting the proposed changes to the military because they want to maintain their own control and autonomy, and they are concerned that Congress may interfere with their operations.

turn 2 : the democrats did everything they could to make it look bipartisan.

turn 2 : Democrats wanting to impeach Trump is not a good idea and they should focus on other issues.


Yeah.

And when you see him and you're an American and you see that, you're like I did that. I can't run and hide and say that I don't have some kind of responsibility in that.

Yeah. How long did this take you to write?

You know, originally I tried to write a book actually about an American nurse during the American war there and I worked on that for maybe a couple of years. And I realized that that book I was working on should really just be a memoir. And the truth is that there are memoirs written by American nurses and doctors. And so I went back to Vietnam in 2010. And when I was there, that's when I discovered for the first time this story about a woman named Phan Thi Bich Hang, who is the, quote-unquote, "official psychic of Vietnam. "She was bitten by a rabid dog when she was 5 years old. And when she came out of her coma, she could hear the voices of the dead. And the government actually uses her to help them find the remains of soldiers and other people who are historically prominent in Vietnam.

turn 3 : “The confessions were false” but not “The confessions were short and contained false-fed facts” which is the literal meaning of the turn.

turn 3 : "And the truth is that there are memoirs written by American nurses and doctors." The speaker is not necessarily asserting that this statement is objectively true, but rather using it as a way to transition from discussing their own failed writing project to their discovery of a new topic.

turn 3 :  "writing very disparaging things about our victims - not believing them, dismissing their cases, not bothering to work on them."

turn 3 : the literal meaning is that the interviewer asks if recent events and debates make a scene in a book more significant.

turn 3 : The subject matter of the memoir is controversial and intriguing


Absolutely.

. . . Didn't prevent a lethal incident, like in the Laquan McDonald case in Chicago. I mean, even though an investigative journalist had to go and demand the footage, it did result in a conviction, didn't it?I mean, it didn't prevent. . .

Absolutely.

. . . A lethal incident, but it did bring accountability after the fact. So. . .

turn 1 : Implied Meaning: The speaker's use of sarcasm suggests that they do not believe the statement they just made is true, and instead are expressing the opposite sentiment.

turn 1 : The speaker is suggesting that there may be a hidden agenda or underlying motive behind their words.

turn 1 : The speaker is expressing sarcasm or disbelief about the effectiveness of preventing lethal incidents despite investigative journalism in the Laquan McDonald case.

turn 1 : The speaker is suggesting that the situation might not be as serious or dangerous as it initially seemed.

turn 1 : A statement implies that they were caught off guard or surprised by the previous speaker's comment.


Absolutely.

Absolutely.

turn 2 : The speaker in (1) is agreeing with the speaker in (2). However, in (3), the speaker is emphasizing their agreement with the previous speaker. The speaker in (4) is continuing the conversation by summarizing what has been said before.

turn 2 : The speaker is asking the other person to continue the conversation.

turn 2 :  (2) - This is used as a response to show agreement with the speaker.

turn 2 :  while turn (3) implies agreement and understanding of the speaker's request.


Thanks for having me.

Let me begin with this. A Libyan general yesterday announced a military takeover that apparently wasn't. So, what happened?

Well, basically, it was a television-only coup. He came on television saying that government is no longer in power, that parliament is no longer in power and their troops have taken the buildings. But on the ground, people were drinking cappuccinos. There were no forces. There is no military to command. And so it became a sort of a source of laughter and derision among Libyans, looking at a country that doesn't even have a military and former military commanders trying to overthrow a government that barely functions.

And what does this tell us perhaps about the state of the Libyan government now and what drives society there?

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be suggesting that there are some hidden or unknown factors that could influence the situation being discussed.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is subtly trying to convey a sense of urgency or importance in the matter being discussed, without explicitly stating it.

turn 3 : The literal meaning: B is asking for analysis or insights regarding the current state of the Libyan government and the factors that influence society. The implied meaning: B is seeking a deeper understanding of the implications and consequences of the television-only coup, possibly in relation to the stability and functioning of the government and the societal dynamics in Libya.

turn 3 : In turn (4), the statement suggests that despite the appearance of a positive sign, the comments from the British Foreign Secretary indicate that the situation is more challenging and difficult to resolve than it may seem. The literal meaning of the words may convey a positive outlook, but the implied meaning highlights the potential obstacles and complexities involved.

turn 3 : The literal meaning of the turn is to ask what role the United States can play in trying to combat human trafficking. The implied meaning is to ask what role the United States should play in trying to combat human trafficking.


Good morning, Ira.

Good morning to you. What evidence do you cite?What evidence is there that human intelligence is slowly declining?

Well, you know, there are a few things I'd like to say I guess at the onset, and you referred to them in your introduction, and that is any genetically based decay in intelligence is extremely slow. And so we should never be able to detect it by comparisons to people within generations existing right now on the Earth.

Rather, what we see is what you mentioned, an actual, probably recent, increase in intellectual ability. We know that our students are the brightest in generations. They score higher on tests than students ever have before. They take more complex courses earlier and accomplish more. So there's all these reasons to believe that at least recently what we see is an actual increase in intellectual ability.

turn 1 : What evidence do you have for human intelligence decline?

turn 1 : What evidence do you have that human intelligence is declining?

turn 1 : "What evidence do you cite? What evidence is there that human intelligence is slowly declining?"

turn 1 : Genetically-based intelligence decline is so slow that it cannot be detected within existing generations


Good morning, Ira.

turn 2 : Genetically-based intelligence decline is so slow that it cannot be detected within existing generations

turn 2 : What evidence do you have for human intelligence decline?

turn 2 : "What evidence do you cite? What evidence is there that human intelligence is slowly declining?"

turn 2 : Genetically-based decay in intelligence is extremely slow, we cannot detect it in existing generations.


Good morning, Ira.

turn 3 : The movement to get kids to do math is becoming known and done by a large amount of people.

turn 3 : There is an actual recent increase in intellectual ability among students.

turn 3 :  I think that it could result in a lot of these either being kicked back to the school and these students

turn 3 : It may be a way to give attention to women trying to break into science.

turn 3 : This implies that there is a racial component to the exploitation of student-athletes.


I don't have inside knowledge of what happened in the Ukraine matter, but it's clear to me that Yovanovitch was following the instructions that she was given by the State Department and she may have run afoul of whatever scheme Rudy Giuliani and likely the president were trying to play out in Ukraine.

Diplomacy is not a partisan issue between Democrats and Republicans. It's about serving American national interests. And I'm confident that's what Yovanovitch was trying to do.

The letter you and other foreign service professionals signed seemed to express particular concern about the implications, possible implications for replacing Ambassador Yovanovitch might have for the entire foreign service.

That's right. The letter was signed for two reasons; first, because many of the signatories know Yovanovitch, know her to be a person of impeccable integrity, someone who has served for more than three decades - both Republicans and Democrats - and has always done so with great distinction and received numerous awards and accolades for her work. But there's a larger issue here that goes beyond Yovanovitch.

turn 0 : She wrote an article asking if the police were not doing their jobs as well as they should have.

turn 0 : This implies that Senator Clinton does not really want to become the Vice President, she just wanted to be honored for trying.

turn 0 : She claimed someone was obtaining illegal access to her Instagram account.

turn 0 : The implication is that Barack Obama may have been involved in the Blagojevich scandal.

turn 0 : She might have discovered the illegal activity Rudy Giuliani was conducting.


Good morning.

Now, this didn't just break the record. It sounds like it's shattered it.

Yeah, the previous record was 85 degrees, and it hit 90 degrees on July Fourth, which was crazy.

Crazy. Now, when you say the highest previous record was 85 degrees, well, that's not - you know, OK, 85 degrees. But really - really - it's never close to 90 degrees there, right?

turn 1 : The new record has surpassed the old one by a large margin.

turn 1 : Improved by leaps and bounds, meaning it has improved by a large margin.

turn 1 : to break records means that a previous record was taken away by a new record

turn 1 : We appreciate the opportunities we get to perform

turn 1 : The times have changed a lot in society and it is noticeable.


Well, I mean, on the one hand, you had - the Manafort indictment does not mention Trump. And - but the guilty plea that was unsealed involving this other campaign adviser, George Papadopoulos, does mention Trump. And the greater sort of uncertainty surrounds that guilty plea at this moment because it is a signal that they already have testimony from this person, already have emails and other records showing the extensive contacts of this person with others in the Trump administration. They're basically saying we know more than you guys think we do.

George Papadopoulos - has he been wearing a wire?

That's a good question. I mean, I think it's fair to assume that Trump's lawyers are looking at that question very carefully.

Carter Page and Hope Hicks, according to reports, are going to be questioned. Carter Page has a history with and in Russia, doesn't he?

turn 1 :  (2) Implies that the speaker is asking if the client has any knowledge of President Trump's personal involvement in granting security clearances, rather than a literal reading of the question which could be interpreted as asking if the client has any awareness of the reporting itself.

turn 1 : It does not seem clear on whether Trump made the phone call or received it

turn 1 : (2) implies that the speaker doubts whether the KGB officers were actually interested in the discussion of democratic oversight and were just pretending to pay attention.

turn 1 : (2) - "Has he been wearing a wire?" - This is a disguised way of asking if George Papadopoulos has been secretly recording conversations for the FBI as part of his cooperation agreement.

turn 1 : The interviewer should have asked about the misleading information provided by Mr. Warren about McCain's whereabouts.


turn 1 : Implied meaning for turn (3): The questioner assumes that the speaker decided to support Donald Trump based on something he said, but the speaker clarifies that his decision was based on Trump's track record of job creation, as well as input from other people involved in the election.

turn 1 : This statement implies a suggestion that some of President Trump's supporters may believe that the CIA report is an attempt to undermine his authority, rather than an objective assessment of the facts.

turn 1 : (2) Implied meaning: Has George Papadopoulos been secretly recording conversations with others in the Trump administration?


turn 3 : (4) - "Carter Page and Hope Hicks, according to reports, are going to be questioned" - This implies that they will be called to testify in front of a grand jury or similar proceeding, rather than just being asked questions in an informal setting.

turn 3 : "What are you going to do?" does not literally mean "What are you going to do?" but rather "What are you going to do in response to the judge's decision?"

turn 3 : The actual meaning of (3) is that many people wrongly assume that suspects will remain silent when questioned, when in fact they rarely do.

turn 3 : demanding the documents, they have the materials to pin the witness down in the questioning. The literal meaning of this turn is explaining the different types of subpoenas used in investigations and how they are effective in obtaining witness testimony and documents.

turn 3 : The implied meaning of this turn is that other members of the White House may seek legal counsel in light of President Trump's actions.


I also translated my previous novel, "The Corpse Washer" - I translated it from Arabic to English.

But with this novel, you chose to have someone else translate it into English. Why?

Well, in all honesty, the subject matter of the novel is quite intimate and has a lot to do with my own memories of my home city and what it means also to be an Iraqi living in the U. S.  and watching the - my new country bomb my homeland. So it's very traumatic. So when Jonathan Wright offered - as soon as the novel came out in Arabic, he offered to translate it. I - he's an experienced, excellent translator, so I said, why not, you know?

I think I hear you telling me you could not go through that story twice.

turn 2 : B wants to know more about the writer's personal journey, but also wants to understand how the writer's experiences may have shaped their writing

turn 2 : A decided to be vulnerable and share about his severe depression in order to be authentic in his book and play.

turn 2 : The author included difficult experiences in the book for a reason.

turn 2 : The traumatic memories of the author made it hard for him to translate the novel himself, so he had someone else do it

turn 2 : She wrote very close to what happened in her own life.