Nick Vlahos, the Peoria Journal Star columnist, points out that in 2015, ConAgra Foods moved its headquarters from Omaha to Chicago. He thinks many executives of what's become a world agricultural industry jet around the globe and just want to live somewhere else, he wrote this week. How are you going to keep them down on the farm after they've seen Kuala Lumpur?

Caterpillar will continue to employ about 12,000 people in Peoria, although Nick Vlahos asks, after all the happy horse pucks the company has propagated about its commitment to Peoria, does anybody believe that?But 300 people, executives and support staff will leave town. In one stroke, Peoria will lose many of the people who help enrich a city's institutions.

I hope Caterpillar's executives will enjoy Chicago's many museums, theaters, symphonies, ballets, sports teams and restaurants in all of the flavors of the world. But who will now buy box seats to cheer the Peoria Chiefs or support the Peoria Symphony - now in the middle of its season - the Peoria Children's Museum, the Corn Stalk Summer Theatre, the Peoria Zoo, the Players Theater - now performing "Into The Woods" - and the Peoria Riverfront Museum and its huge glass tank filled with silvery striper, trout, walleye and channel catfish from the Illinois River?

(Singing) Yes, I'm proud to live in Peoria.

turn 1 : They might bring the person closer to what they hoped for in their life.

turn 1 : There's no aggression with ants that do not behave like normal ant colonies.

turn 1 : The implied meaning of this turn is that it is not possible to pass down acquired traits to offspring.

turn 1 : is implying that Caterpillar's commitment to Peoria may not be as strong as they suggested;

turn 1 : The person being discussed was not an expert on butterflies but had great interest in them


turn 2 : Many people are losing their jobs and companies are going bankrupt.

turn 2 : s implying that the executives leaving Peoria will not be supporting the city's institutions;

turn 2 : The speaker believes that the auto industry will not vanish despite the current situation

turn 2 :  Implied meaning: These cases may lead to a general mistrust of institutions that are supposed to represent hard work and excellence

turn 2 : They are trying to ask what happen in Europe


I think one of the reasons, Tony, that we're seeing so of many of these come to light has, really, nothing to do with the fact that people are being - that this is happening more often so much as it is the fact that people are just paying attention to it more. You know, you watch the news and somebody says, oh, there's a stolen car ring. Now, all of a sudden, everybody's watching for people breaking into cars. Well, people break into cars every day. But when you hear about it on the news, people start paying attention.

There have always been Ponzi schemes. This is not new. This has been going on forever. It has been happening to investors. It'll continue to go on, but we're just aware of because the Madoff scandal was so large and so visible.

You know, it's funny. I was listening to your description of the Ponzi scheme - as our time is running out - and I couldn't help but think that there must be somebody listening to your description who is saying, wow, the stimulus package, that sounds like a Ponzi scheme to me.

The government covering its own losses by printing more money back, which covers losses in which it prints more money. Hey, you know, you could make that - I'm not going to make that argument, but somebody might.

turn 0 : The constant stream of bad news online contributed to the financial crisis.

turn 0 : The chaos in the White House is providing a lot of news content for journalists to cover.

turn 0 : Journalists sometimes face danger, and killing them won't stop the truth.

turn 0 : News coverage can cause people to pay more attention to things that were happening anyway.

turn 0 : The news organization prioritizes accuracy over speed in reporting breaking news (1 suspect in custody confirmed)


turn 1 : The days of capitalism defined by constantly increasing prices and reaching new highs are disappearing quickly.

turn 1 : Handing out money quickly without good contract terms and mechanisms to follow the money will lead to waste, fraud, and corruption

turn 1 : Ponzi schemes have been around for a long time and will continue to exist.

turn 1 : Having all your money in one bank is risky.

turn 1 : The financial crisis is recurring and becoming more severe each time it comes back.


turn 2 : The stimulus package is being talked about online in a good and a bad way.

turn 2 : The stimulus package may be seen as a Ponzi scheme by some

turn 2 : The long-term effects of the government's stimulus bill on taxes and services are a concern.

turn 2 : The bailout could have potential negative consequences for the average taxpayer


Let's start with the idea of this weight loss or calories burned. How does this compare to other athletes in other sports?

One of the basic facts was the 1984 World Chess Championship, right?So after five months and 48 games, defending champion Anatoly Karpov had lost 22 pounds. And some people said he looked, like, dead. Chess players were burning calories around the same rate as tennis players and competitive marathon runners. Like, in October 2018, Polard, this company that tracks heart rates, monitored chess players during a tournament and found out that this 21-year-old Russian grandmaster, Mikhail Antipov, had burned 560 calories in two hours, which we found out was roughly what Roger Federer would burn in one hour of singles tennis.

And I talked to Robert Sapolsky. He's been studying primates for a long time now, and he corroborated that fact and said that, you know, chess players can burn up to 6,000 calories in a day by playing a tournament, which is three times that of any human on a regular day.

Now, what did you learn about why?Is it that their brains are just using that much energy, or is there something physiological going on?

turn 1 : "dead broke" - This means that they had no money, rather than literally being physically broken or dead.

turn 1 : He did not just get carried away but he exaggerated his claims.

turn 1 : Some people said due to the fact that he was so thin that he looked like he was dead as dead people have no fat.

turn 1 : What people think of him has lessened due to the situation.

turn 1 : People are shocked to realize that he looks like Louis Armstrong.


I - and I have to ask you in the - I'm afraid - half-minute we have left, do you have any idea, Mr.  Driscoll, how much the NRA has been supported by Russia?Aren't they trying to use the NRA to influence or to promote gun violence or division?

I'm not aware of that thread of the story from where I sit. I know that's been a popular speculation in the media. But I have not seen any evidence of that. But, again, you know, I assume others will look into that and see if there's anything there. But I haven't seen it from where I sit.

Robert Driscoll represents Maria Butina. Thanks so much.

Thank you.

turn 1 : The speaker believes that there is no evidence of Russia supporting the NRA.

turn 1 : There is always people that are suspicious of those that are associated with Russia in any way, even the smallest way.

turn 1 : There are skeptics who believe that Russia is not at the center of allegations and the U.S. and the West are overreacting with a Cold War mentality.

turn 1 : The Republicans are trying to avoid discussing their record on gun policy, but feel comfortable discussing it on Fox News.


Companies and corporations are in business to make money for themselves, their workers, their stockholders. But can they make too much?Ralph Nader thinks Apple hit that limit earlier this month when it became the first trillion-dollar publicly traded company in the United States. Mr.  Nader wrote a blistering blog post about what Apple is and isn't doing with that money. He joins us now from Connecticut. Mr.  Nader, thanks for being back with us.

You're welcome, Scott.

What's wrong with Apple sitting on all that money?

Well, they just announced earlier this year - a $100 billion stock buyback adding to previous stock buyback without asking the shareholders, institutional and individual, their opinion or even their approval. So the point I was making is it could've been used to increase employees. It could've been used to shore up the pension fund. It could've been used - 2 percent of it, Scott, to double the income of the serf laborers - 1. 3 million Chinese laborers in the contractor that builds the iPhones. It could have had 2 percent of 100 billion to improve the recycling of used computers and phones, which are endangering both the environment and the workers. It could've been put in productive investment. It could've been put in research and development. It could've been sent to cash dividends back to the shareholder, but no.

turn 3 : Apple could have used their money for various productive purposes

turn 3 : The NSA lost control of their hacking tools and they were leaked/stolen.

turn 3 : To consume from iPhones and running shoes meaning that people buy phones and shoes rather than eat them.

turn 3 : Samsung's lawyers were not as good as Apple's lawyers

turn 3 : Apple did not protect the feature that is most associated with their product.


You know, that's when you've really, really been out there a little too long. But that's kind of what it takes. If you want to try to shake eight million hands, you better be ready mentally as well as physically.

Mayor Bloomberg leaves office a national figure, and reportedly the 10th richest man in America. What's he want to do with the rest of his life?Do you have any inkling?

He's given some clues. I mean, one clue that he's given is that he wants to give away all of his money. That aside from taking care of his family, he wants to spend the last dollar on the day that he dies. And he probably doesn't mean that literally, but his pet causes, which are public health and gun control above all, he really has put quite a lot of money into trying to make sure those views are carried forward. And where this is all supposed to lead, assuming the White House is off-limits, is just not clear. But we do know that Mike Bloomberg would have loved to be president, and if ever a chance comes up in the next few years, he will probably take that shot.

Errol Louis, host of "The Road to City Hall" on NY1, thanks so much.

turn 2 : He would be fulfilling a government role and Trump makes it look like he does all of the work.

turn 2 : He will not take an actual shot but will try to become president if he gets the chance.

turn 2 : The implication is that the Presidential contest will make a difference to this issue but that it is not literally going to be injected.

turn 2 : Implies that Bill Clinton should have known better than to take such an action.


Meaning it has a comparably sized economy.

It means it has a comparably sized economy. It is narrowing the gap - military gap - especially in the Western Pacific, where it is using asymmetric tactics that can offset things like our aircraft carriers. China is also an education leader. It is becoming a technological leader. And it's the world's biggest trading nation.

So China is on the move all over the world. And the U. S. -China relationship is not anymore just Beijing to Washington. It's being measured in Africa, in South America, at both poles, in cyberspace and outer space.

And is it becoming a more adversarial relationship now because of China's growth, because it suddenly is big enough to really challenge the United States?

turn 3 : The Chinese economy is not balanced and requires serious changes

turn 3 : CHINA IS GOING TO BE COMPETITION AS FAR AS IT'S ADVANCEMENTS IN THEIR ECONOMY

turn 3 : The US and China both want to establish their own spheres of influence in the region.

turn 3 : The literal meaning of this turn is simply a confirmation question about China's status as the largest coal user and producer. However, the implied meaning is that China's heavy reliance on coal for energy production contradicts their efforts towards renewable energy and environmental benefits. This turn serves as a counterpoint to the previous discussion about China's growth in renewable energy and job opportunities in that sector.


And you wrote that during your visit in December, you saw exactly one tourist?

That's right. A single woman who had a list of African countries she wanted to check off apparently with no information about any of them. And one of the ministers told me even the backpackers aren't here. So it is just on - there is nothing to do, there's nothing to see, there's no access to anything, there's no roads, there's no infrastructure. They have a park system which exists in theory. You can imagine a fantastic future for going and seeing things in Sudan because they also have, along with oil and water, they also have animals. They have a huge migration, probably the second biggest in the world.

So there's vast grasslands, a swirling long river section of the Nile through the country, enormous herds, large numbers of elephants, many of the things that people care very deeply about but it's in South Sudan so you can't get to it except with an airplane. And they're hoping that in the future of the country there's room for that to become an asset rather than just a leftover of isolation and war-torn times.

You describe a three-day jaunt to go see what might be too. . .

turn 1 : "changes here will ripple through South Sudan" implies that what happened will have numerous effects on the country

turn 1 : There are a lot of things to see in Sudan, but the country lacks the necessary infrastructure to support tourism.

turn 1 : There is a lack of progress in the political process for the Syrian crisis.

turn 1 : Has Uganda been so welcoming? The international community has thought there's relatively little reason to get involved.  Implicated meaning: The international community perceives Uganda as being less in need of involvement or assistance, possibly due to Uganda's perceived level of hospitality or the perception that the situation doesn't require urgent attention.


And how much do we know at this moment in time, this early in the day, about what the damage is up there?

You know, we saw reports. As we were doing live coverage, we saw reports of damage start to trickle in. But, really, right after an earthquake, it is, like, fog of war. No one knows what's going on. Emergency responders are just going out trying to survey the damage. We did hear reports of fires.

We got some calls into our - into KPCC of people telling us that they had fallen. One woman said that she thought maybe she broke her wrist. And there were a lot of people who were just afraid to go back into their houses, which is another big thing with big earthquakes - is that it disrupts people's lives not just for that one moment, but continuously, especially after aftershock after aftershock after aftershock keeps hitting.

All right. Well, we'll be getting updates throughout the morning. And thanks very much for joining us. KPCC's Jacob Margolis, science reporter and host of a podcast called "The Big One: Your Survival Guide. "Thank you, Jacob.

turn 0 : at the end of the day means something is likely going to happen or what happens after everything else.

turn 0 : last minute means to basically to do what you are meant to do close to a due date.

turn 0 : The damage itself can not face anything. The cause of the damage, the person or people are what is meant here.

turn 0 : a time bomb implies being a danger in the future and not a bomb set to explode in few minutes

turn 0 : moment in time, early in the day implies she wants the current update on damage.


turn 1 : People are starting to notice and take action on the issue.

turn 1 : We saw reports of damage slowly come in to our studio. It is chaotic and confusing for everyone right after an earthquake and everyone is a bit stunned.

turn 1 : The images being shown are very graphic and violent, and our thoughts are with those affected by the explosions

turn 1 : The chance of another big earthquake is still present and uncertain.

turn 1 : THe aftershocks means that there are tremors after the main earthquake that take people by surprise.


turn 1 : fog of war implies there was mass chaiotic confusion going on.

turn 1 : There is a risk of military conflict due to misunderstandings.

turn 1 : very good His words implied a threat. War implies fighting and death.

turn 1 : The battlefield becomes very fantasy like instead of realistic due to the fever.

turn 1 : People are not playing a game but taking part in a military conflict.


turn 2 : THe aftershocks means that there are tremors after the main earthquake that take people by surprise.

turn 2 : The coincidence of being evacuated twice is unusual

turn 2 : Repeating the word "aftershock" implies aftershocks were coming frequently and multiple times.

turn 2 : to run counter with something means that the opposite of what was predicted to happen actually happened despite the circumstances


And so the lament is that it's not a beacon for environmentalism, it's not a beacon for greater labor standards or labor protections, but it's something else?

Yeah. I mean, it has turned into this dystopian vision of tech, where, you know, a few people prosper, and everyone else gets kind of poverty wages. Users of the service get pretty good service but kind of at the cost of all of these drivers getting very little from the service, getting very little equity. I think it is a betrayal of what Silicon Valley, you know, said that it stood for, which is creating new ideas that are good for the world at large, not just, you know, a few hundred people on the West Coast.

You know, many would herald Uber as a great American success story, a testament to what capitalism can create - right?- jobs for millions of people in the U. S.  and around the world. And its IPO will make a handful of people millionaires and even billionaires. Isn't that a good thing?

I mean, it's perhaps better than not having it, but I don't think it's fundamentally or sort of objectively a good thing. What would be better is if Uber was a smaller and less valuable company but that less value was sort of more equitably distributed.

turn 3 : The public offering will not be the end of scrutiny and oversight over Uber

turn 3 : Uber promised to make transportation more efficient and eco-friendly by getting more people in fewer cars on the road, but this promise has not been fully realized.

turn 3 : THERE IS A BIG CHANGE THE PEOPLE HAVE ALREADY LOST THEIR MONEY

turn 3 : It would be better if the wealth created by Uber was distributed more equitably.

turn 3 : The economic situation will get worse, and it's uncertain how bad it will be.


Well, it has been a conversation where I think the most important point in the conversation is to get the average Californian to understand that this fiscal crisis is different. And so interacting with people number one, to inform them about the crisis, to talk to them about the impact of cutting education and cutting healthcare, what that means to their daily lives. For example, 800,000 children might have to go without health insurance. Thirty thousand teachers might be laid off unless we are able to close the gap in a way where we bring money to the table, we don't just try to close the gap through cutting programs. Then that's, you know, most important.

What about race relations?And I don't just mean, you know, do we all get along?I mean. . .

We don't.

I mean the long term ability of California to synthesize its role as the biggest diverse state in America and set a path that is hopeful for other parts of the country.

turn 1 : The conversations do not talk about race but avoid it.

turn 1 : Race relations are a critical issue in California

turn 1 : Race is a deep-seated issue in society that cannot be easily solved

turn 1 : This implies the level of Racial discrimination on Campuses.


There were a bunch of others, "The Rover Boys," a whole bunch, all out of this little, tiny factory.

Wow. Anything like it around today?

There are a million things descended from it. As far as I know, there's nothing really like it that would center each one on. . .

Yeah.

turn 0 : dozens of people implies a very large number of people

turn 0 : bunch of others implies there are so many others available

turn 0 : having everything in group implies that all the necessities and requirements are made available, not implies everything in the floor

turn 0 : bunch of its residents implies many people living within the area

turn 0 : a lot of stuff means there is a massive amount


Well, the size of this scandal involving the Brazilian state-run oil company Petrobras is sometimes hard for outsiders to understand. Petrobras is a company that, through the company and its suppliers, encompasses about 10 percent of Brazil's economy.

Yeah, it's huge.

And so what happened was you had these prosecutors who found - almost stumbled into these clues. And they started pulling on this string and saw very quickly that this scandal was connected to almost everything and everyone.

And everybody, yeah.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker is hinting at a deeper or hidden motive or intention behind their actions or words.

turn 2 : Turn (3) describes the discovery of clues that led to the unraveling of the scandal, which is consistent with its literal meaning.

turn 2 :  The turn contains multiple layers of meaning, including both explicit and implicit information, and its true significance can only be fully understood through careful analysis of its context and subtext.

turn 2 :  (3) is not a meaningful statement, so its actual meaning is different from its literal meaning.


Well, yeah. That's the thing about everything in life, kind of, is that you kind of have to try certain things out to figure out what you want. So it's like you should always be able to have that moment of, like, figuring out who you are by using a bunch of different things that you've heard already. And then instead of still doing that for your whole career, which I think some people do, you have to take that and, like, digest it and then come out with something that's everything combined. And it's your own thing.

(Singing) Where did you go?I should know. But it's cold. And I don't want to be lonely. So show me the way home. I can't lose another life.

I get that sense of being real is something deeply important.

It's very important for me. I just feel uncomfortable having things be disingenuous. Like, I just have a big thing about honesty and, like, real. . .

turn 1 : The songs that I sing have a message that can inspire change in the world.

turn 1 :  A: (Singing) Where did you go? I should know. But it's cold. And I don't want to be lonely. So show me the way home. I can't lose another life.

turn 1 : Do you ever feel that way, you're just so tired of singing, but you know you have to because that song is so closely associated with who you are?" - The implied meaning here is that the person is feeling tired of singing a particular song, but they feel obligated to continue performing it because it is an integral part of their identity and public persona.

turn 1 : "So, it seems like singing and music is set of human being. So, when we sing, we cry, we shout, we just bring it outside. So, it's very natural."


turn 1 : The speaker is mentioning a song that reflects their current emotions.

turn 1 : The singer is not actually asking someone to show them the way home but rather expressing their loneliness and desperation due to feeling lost and without direction.

turn 1 : The speaker is implying that the song was inspired by wanting to write a stereotypical country song about heartbreak and the wife leaving

turn 1 : The person singing the song is rebellious and the listener can relate to it

turn 1 :  is to sing, but the implied meaning is to not take the conversation in the direction being presented.


turn 3 : quite frankly means quite honestly, or the person is telling the truth but some people might not like it

turn 3 : The speaker is not literally talking about honesty and being real but rather expressing their discomfort with situations that feel inauthentic.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker's tone or body language suggests that they may be withholding information or not fully expressing their thoughts and feelings on the topic at hand.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using a sarcastic or ironic tone to convey their true feelings or opinions about the situation, without explicitly stating them.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is hinting at a deeper or hidden motive or intention behind their actions or words.


When a friend of mine pointed out that her daughter was being targeted by boys at school using a lot of these kinds of memes and words that they were learning from these extremists, I was devastated. And she told me her daughter was getting images of guns in her direct messages and, you're a feminazi and feminazis are - should be eliminated from this Earth. And to a 13-year-old girl, it's really scary.

As a writer, have you figured out why some people find this stuff appealing?

Yeah. I think there's a vulnerable group of boys, and even men, in society that - and I don't know who the forces are online. I don't know if it's malevolent media or just vloggers that want more views, but they've learned that they can target these men and boys. With men, I learned it's a lot of men who are male survivors of sexual assault or men who've been disenfranchised from their economic opportunities, divorced men. These communities target those men and their willingness to believe that society is out to get white men, their willingness to believe that women are all money-grabbing social climbers.

And with boys, I do think neurodivergent boys are being targeted, kids who may have learning difficulties, kids who have - are on the autism spectrum. But it's not just those boys. I think at this age, they're trying to figure out where they fit. They're insecure. They feel like girls have it all. Girls are happy and pretty, and white men are the enemies. And so these right-wing groups are tapping into that shame and feeding it to try and propagandize to them.

turn 2 : The only thing that women wants is money and status in society.

turn 2 : The women are not running but they are trying to get elected.

turn 2 : Women are vulnerable due to lack of privacy and basic necessities

turn 2 : Implying she is underestimated because she is a woman.

turn 2 : It may be a way to give attention to women trying to break into science.


So do you think that there should be some kind of accountability that maybe Congress says, OK, yeah, you can have some of this money, but it will mean a change in leadership, Bank of America.

A change in leadership might be good. I think part of the problem here is that now that we've started down this path of every quarter when the bank comes in and says, oops, our bad bets got worse this quarter, we need more money, we've gotten to the point where we can't say no to that. And again, what's most galling about this for anybody who admires a free market in any way is that the idea is that if you're free to make these bets, you're supposed to pay the price for that. And we are still protecting the shareholders of these banks, and we're still protecting the bondholders.

You can say all day long, which is probably true, that we have to protect the customers or the system really is in danger. But you can do that without bailing out the bondholders and shareholders, which is what everybody is so outraged about.

Henry Blodget is the outraged founder and editor of Clusterstock. com. Henry, thanks for talking with us.

turn 2 : a long time coming means something has been meaning to happen but hasn't happened until recently

turn 2 : They are saying that at the risk of sounding like they are perfect and above others they think you have to be honest.

turn 2 : the time has flown means time went by fast.

turn 2 : you can say all day long means that they can say it repeatedly.

turn 2 : (3) is a short form of "I will," meaning "I understand," indicating agreement with the speaker's sentiment.


You've written that News Inside is your way of not forgetting the people who you left behind when you were released. Explain what you meant by that.

I always say that there's people who become who they are on the inside. They develop into real-life human beings with hopes and dreams and their visions of the world, and they love each other. And they become family even more so than their family on the outside because a person haven't seen his mom, his aunt or uncle on a consistent basis for decades.

But yet a person sees his neighbor in a cell next door on a consistent basis. So bonds are developed. And when some of those individuals eventually go home, it's like losing a family member. Like, I would actually feel pain when someone would leave me. And sometimes some of the men would go in their cell, turn their lights off, and then they were crying tears because they're going to miss the person that was leaving. And when people left me, I always hoped that they wouldn't forget, that they would write me a letter so I can live vicariously through them and dream of what it's like to be free.

So I can't reach everyone in the country with a letter, but I could reach everyone through News Inside. I can curate a particular set of articles that I believe will speak to all those desires that everyone has and hopefully sate those desires in any way that I can.

turn 1 : The literal meaning of this turn is that someone is suffering from schizophrenic paranoia and another person believes they should be put in jail instead of a hospital. However, the implied meaning is that the speaker is discussing the mental state of someone else and their legal situation, which may be relevant to the conversation but is not explicitly stated.

turn 1 : the turns whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings. By saying "you're not one of these people that thinks I'm young and strong and nothing will happen"

turn 1 : A: "breaking free from all of these identities and get down to that last one, which is human" - This turn is figurative language as it refers to the author's desire to move beyond societal labels and stereotypes and focus on our common humanity rather than actually breaking free from physical identities.

turn 1 : "doing time" - The actual meaning of this phrase is serving a prison sentence. However, the intended meaning could be that this is an opportunity for self-reflection and personal growth.

turn 1 : "There's people who become who they are on the inside."  This turn is a figurative expression that means some people change and grow emotionally and mentally while incarcerated.


(Reading) They would ride through the hot, dim woods that sultry, ominous August from the hard ground, littered with spots of sifted sun, on the hills the horses would carry them in a minute to the hollows. There was something terrible about the hollows, deep-bottomed with decaying leaves, smelling of dead water and dark cleavage in insufferable heat. The sound of the horses' feet was like a confused heartbeat on the swampy ground. They both felt it. They used to get off the horses without having said a word and helplessly submerge themselves in each other's arms while the sweat ran down their backs under their shirts. They never talked there. They stood, swaying together, with their booted feet deep in the mulch, holding each other, hot and mystified in this green gloom. From far away in the upper meadows, they could always hear the cicada reaching an unbearable sharpened crescendo.

Lauren Groff, I think I'm fanning myself sitting there, listening to you read.

I mean, you can feel the - just summer love and how dazed she is by desire. And she was writing this - we just looked - in 1934, when not a lot of women were writing this stuff.

Absolutely.

turn 0 : The horses are usually calm when approached with care and respect.

turn 0 : It was not dominoes but horses that began to fall in the race.

turn 0 :  (2) is a metaphor that implies the speaker was impressed by the announcer's ability to quickly and accurately recite all the names of the horses.

turn 0 : The couple rode horses in the hot month of August. They could see the sunlight on the ground in spots where there were no trees. They rode to a wooded area that had a lot of old leaves, a still creek, and was very hot. The horses hooves sounded odd on the ground. They dismounted and held each other silently.

turn 0 : The horses can be tamed and controlled if people approach them calmly and gently.


It's a little bit different from my 1980s beater. This, you know, these are handmade pieces of art. And, you know, there are things that were different about it.

One thing that I heard from Justin Claassen, who's an avid cyclist and he's one of the founders of Valid, is that over a long period of time you notice the vibration less. There is some dampening, they say, that bamboo has a sort of natural dampening. So if you're riding really long distances, there - that might be a reason why you would want to go bamboo. But it's - I thought it would be lighter. And it's not actually that much lighter than your run-of-the-mill metal.

Right. Of course, there is the coolness factor, right. . .

. . . to have the only bamboo bike on the block or in Brooklyn. I can put more B's together if I could.

turn 3 : The best of the crop of bamboo was brought from Vietnam.

turn 3 : I would like to be unique by having a bike made of bamboo but I realise it's not fully made of bamboo

turn 3 : not a physical drawing board or easel, but the most important thing on an agenda or plan; not a physically big-in-size plan, but a plan with many elements or parts to it

turn 3 : It's best to be receptive to any thought that comes your way.


Why they're talking about it is because they feel they have to talk about it. The government of Bangladesh wants the bulk of these people to return. They also would be feeling some domestic pressures in this area, as well. And the government of Burma, I think, is feeling some of the pressure from the international community and feels some need to be responsive. But the real story here is this is horrifying, this discussion, to be taking place right now, given the complete absence of measures in place to ensure safety and security upon return.

As I understand it, the Rohingya, according to this agreement, will be moved from the camps in Bangladesh to a camp in Myanmar where there could be security concerns.

Oh yeah, there are no safeguards in place. There - been no serious discussion of safeguards for return. You have to realize that we're talking about one of the greatest crimes in recent memory - massive abuses, forced relocation of hundreds of thousands of people in a matter of weeks.

There's problems, obviously, with monitoring the situation. The government won't let - of Myanmar - won't let international monitors in. And, in fact, the top U. N.  official responsible for human rights was barred from the country. Is that right?

turn 0 : The government and military of Myanmar are responsible for the mistreatment of the Rohingya.

turn 0 : The government of Bangladesh and Burma are under pressure to repatriate the Rohingya, but there are no measures in place to ensure their safety upon return.

turn 0 : The situation in Burma is heartbreaking and difficult to comprehend due to the high death toll.

turn 0 : The government is cautious in its approach towards the regime, but it's clear that the regime is not going to survive. However, the government is worried about taking action that might destabilize the region.


turn 0 : The situation is horrifying because no safety measures have been put in place for the return of the Rohingya.

turn 0 : There is a dangerous situation happening that requires people to seek shelter and take precautions.

turn 0 : The situation is uncertain and they need to take it one step at a time

turn 0 : The behavior was unacceptable to what the people would accept.


turn 2 : There is little progress in the political process of finding a solution to the Syrian crisis.

turn 2 : There have been no serious discussions of safeguards for the return of the Rohingya, despite their forced relocation and massive abuses.

turn 2 : Victims did not have any legal rights until recently.

turn 2 : The stabilization of inter-Korean security relationship will not improve the dire conditions of North Koreans.


turn 2 : There is no need for Robert Mueller to testify since the report is already filed.

turn 2 : There has been no discussion of safeguards for the return of the Rohingya after being forcefully relocated.


turn 3 :  (4) suggests that the government of Myanmar has started to relax its restrictions on the media.

turn 3 : The government and military of Myanmar are responsible for the mistreatment of the Rohingya.

turn 3 : The entire region is under heavy surveillance by the Chinese government

turn 3 : A thinks that the government is not functioning properly.

turn 3 : The Myanmar government is preventing international monitors from overseeing the situation, indicating they have something to hide.


turn 3 : The government of Myanmar is not allowing international monitors to oversee the situation.

turn 3 : The US is blocking Iran's access to international markets.

turn 3 : The sanctions may not be as effective as the president suggests.


It depends on who you ask. For the South Koreans who have been really eager to have a successful Olympics and for the president, Moon Jae-in's administration, who has really pushed for better ties to North Korea, this will be a big success for them in terms of getting the North Koreans to participate, to march under the joint flag and to mitigate any potential North Korean provocations that could have happened during the Olympics and ruin the whole atmosphere. But in terms of applying maximum pressure on North Korea and getting them to denuclearize, this is just a minor blip on the radar.

And what do we make of the military parade in North Korea just before?Is that a way of saying we don't mean it, or what?

Absolutely. I think - you know, I've been likening the North Korean participation in the Olympics as kind of like "The Wedding Crashers," where they just storm in, guzzle everybody's champagne, other people's food and then they're going to leave a mess behind. And nothing they've said since Kim Jong Un's New Year's address has suggested that they're going to be talking about their nuclear weapons program at all. In fact, they've not had any pressure from South Korea or anybody in terms of talking about nuclear weapons.

Well - and that brings up a question. And I feel the need to ask it every now and then - why does North Korea want nuclear weapons?What's their overall strategic goal?

turn 1 : In turn (4), the literal meaning is that North Korea's nuclear capabilities are something to be reckoned with and the speaker is asking why we shouldn't be concerned about this one move. However, the actual meaning is that the speaker is asking for an explanation as to why the reassembling of the site should not be a cause for concern, despite the fact that North Korea's nuclear capabilities are usually considered a threat.

turn 1 : The literal meaning of (2) is asking for an opinion about the military parade. The implicated meaning is whether the North Korean participation in the Olympics was genuine or not.

turn 1 :  (2) implies that the speaker was surprised by the unusual words used in the exchange between the president and Kim Jong Un, and had to look up the meaning of one of them.

turn 1 : Although the literal meaning of this turn is simply asking for a description of the current situation, the implied meaning behind it is that the speaker is expressing frustration or confusion about the conflicting messages they have heard from President Trump regarding the removal or retention of U.S. forces in Syria. It could be interpreted as a way of questioning the credibility of the information that has been provided so far and seeking clarification or a more definitive answer.


turn 3 : In turn (4), the literal meaning is that North Korea's nuclear capabilities are something to be reckoned with and the speaker is asking why we shouldn't be concerned about this one move. However, the actual meaning is that the speaker is asking for an explanation as to why the reassembling of the site should not be a cause for concern, despite the fact that North Korea's nuclear capabilities are usually considered a threat.

turn 3 : (4) A: "And I believe there's a moment - a conjunction of factors that call for a pivot to serious diplomacy." - The literal meaning would be that the speaker thinks it's time to switch to more serious diplomacy with North Korea. However, the implied meaning is that the speaker believes that the current situation with North Korea calls for a change in approach and a greater emphasis on diplomacy rather than military action or acquiescence to North Korea's nuclear capabilities.

turn 3 : Well, I think one is that I think there's time... And the Washington Post story kind of created a shock that somehow we don't have the time, that we're already in the bull's-eye of North Korea's nuclear weapons."  The literal meaning of this turn is that there is a perception that there is enough time to engage in negotiations for denuclearization, and a Washington Post story caused concern that time is running out and the threat of North Korea's nuclear weapons is imminent. However, the implicated meaning is that the perception of having enough time for negotiations is in contrast to the urgent and imminent threat posed by North Korea's nuclear weapons. The Washington Post story has highlighted the need for immediate action.

turn 3 : not a literal meaning but rather a rhetorical question.

turn 3 : The literal meaning of (4) is asking what North Korea wants to achieve with nuclear weapons. The implicated meaning is questioning why North Korea wants nuclear weapons in the first place.


When an American missionary was killed on a remote Indian Island last year, people around the world treated it as a punchline. John Allen Chau had been trying to reach members of an isolated and protected tribe to convert them to Christianity. The people of North Sentinel Island had fired arrows at him in warning, and on his third attempt to visit the island, they killed him. In the latest issue of Outside magazine, Alex Perry investigates what led Chau on this mission, and he joins us now. Welcome to ALL THINGS CONSIDERED.

Thanks for having me, Ari.

You say there were members of Chau's circle, family and friends of his, who have kept quiet since his death in November. And they only talked to you because you'd had a similar obsession with these islands when you were younger. But you didn't approach the island as a missionary. Tell us about your experience.

No, I was a journalist, a foreign correspondent based in India. And it was one of the first stories I heard when I got to India. This anthropologist I met, Vishvajet Pandya, told me about essentially a Neolithic tribe - or, in fact, several tribes living on these islands. And it was just such a sort of fantastical idea. I became quite obsessed by getting out there and particularly when I heard that one of the tribesmen had spent six months in a hospital and had learned Hindi, so there was a way to communicate.

turn 0 : not too far down the road means that it isn't far away from a different location.

turn 0 : when something is remote in this context means its deep in the countryside and far away from cities

turn 0 : to move in direction in this context means to change something

turn 0 : "You can almost pick it up and put it in any city around the world and it would become synonymous with that city." - This turn means that tall buildings are often designed in a similar way regardless of their location, and therefore lack a unique connection to the specific environment or culture of a place.

turn 0 : The implied meaning of the first turn is that people have become apathetic to the problems facing the city and are not taking action.


And he loved to call it the prolate spheroid. But I guess it didn't catch on. But he was also - he was one of the scariest coaches because one of his lines in his pep talks was, it is better to have died as a small boy than to fumble the football.

Oh.

So, yeah, basically tough love without the love part.

And I understand Edgar Allen Poe has a role in developing modern football?

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker is subtly suggesting that the other person is being unreasonable or unrealistic in their expectations or demands.

turn 2 : In turn (4), the actual meaning is that both sides are downplaying their chances of success in the debate, even though they may privately believe that they will perform better than the other side. The implied meaning is that both sides are likely overestimating their own abilities and underestimating their opponent's abilities, and that the outcome of the debate may be more uncertain than either side is willing to admit.

turn 2 : In turn (3), the speaker uses the phrase "tough love without the love part" to describe the coaching style of a certain coach. The literal meaning of "tough love" is a disciplinary strategy that involves both love and strictness. However, in this context, the speaker implies that the coach is only using the strictness part of "tough love" without the caring and supportive part.

turn 2 : In this turn, the speaker says "I love the word no" and goes on to explain how the word "no" was actually a motivating force for them, rather than a discouraging one. This is different from the literal meaning of the word "no," which is generally used to signify a negative response or refusal. The speaker's implication is that they have learned to reframe the word "no" in a positive way and use it as a tool for success.


It's out of sight. It's really high. We have actual concentrations and standards that are somewhere like four, five times lower than that. So, these are all very, very high numbers, even when they're low on the Chinese scale.

It sounds as though you could project things ahead for the beginning of the Olympics. What would you expect?

Well, it's pretty good right now. But I've just been looking at the extended forecast for winds, and the middle of next week, things are going to change quite radically, around the 3rd or the 4th. The big high-pressure system from out over the Pacific is going to kick in, and that's going to produce strong winds coming over the polluted areas to the south of Beijing, and it's going to pick up a lot of pollution. And according to these forecasts, it's going to be a pretty dirty end of next week. And unfortunately, that coincides with the Opening Ceremonies a week from today.

Ken, these are official Chinese numbers that you're working with, and you are sitting there in Rhode Island looking at these. Are the numbers trustworthy?

turn 0 : Although the speaker is trained, they may not have noticed the suspicious behavior of the suspects.

turn 0 : "It's out of sight." - This does not literally mean that the object is out of sight. It implies that the object is not visible or noticeable, and the speaker is emphasizing its high concentration level.

turn 0 : The speaker is often expecting bad things to happen, so when something good happens, it's more exceptional than usual.

turn 0 :  "out of sight, out of mind" - This is a well-known idiom that means if you can't see something, you tend to forget about it, rather than a literal interpretation.

turn 0 : (1) The speaker is explaining why dark matter cannot be seen because it has no charge and therefore does not emit light.


turn 1 : The speaker is reflecting on the declining interest in Olympics and questioning the reasons behind it.

turn 1 : The coach is confident in the team's abilities for the Olympics.

turn 1 : "It sounds as though you could project things ahead for the beginning of the Olympics." - This does not literally mean that the speaker can hear a sound that suggests the ability to predict things for the Olympics. It implies that the speaker believes the person they are talking to has the ability to make predictions about the beginning of the Olympics.

turn 1 :  Implies that the speaker was initially skeptical about the Olympics in England but changed their opinion after seeing the opening ceremony.


turn 3 : There are some groups who see China as a threat, but not everyone agrees with this assessment.

turn 3 : (4) Implied meaning: Can you trust the accuracy of the Chinese air pollution numbers?

turn 3 : It implies that there is a lot of political maneuvering happening behind the scenes in China which an average Chinese person have no knowledge about.

turn 3 :  is that B is implying that China is likely to be responsible for the events in question.

turn 3 : It's a well-known fact that the government doesn't report accurate numbers.


turn 3 : "the numbers do check out" - this means that the numbers are correct and accurate.

turn 3 : Their notion is to do as much as you can and don't think about the numbers too much.

turn 3 : "Are the numbers trustworthy?" - This does not literally mean that the speaker is questioning whether the numbers can be trusted. It implies that the speaker is skeptical about the accuracy of the numbers and is seeking clarification.


Sure. I'm glad you mention that. So that is coming through subpoenas to the reporters to reveal the names of their sources. So it's not a direct prosecution of those reporters. But they are - you know, as you mentioned with Judith Miller, it can amount to jail time if the reporter refuses to testify.

So what's happening is that they are being called to testify in the case against the leakers. And when they refuse to do so, they're in contempt of court, and they may face jail time.

That's exactly right. And that is much more acceptable. I should add that under Attorney General Holder - after the James Risen subpoena where James Risen was told he had to testify and refused, the U. S.  government did not push him to testify. They obtained a conviction anyway, and Holder shortly thereafter announced that, under his watch, no reporter would go to jail for doing his job. It remains to be seen whether that same policy would be in place under the Sessions Department of Justice. Everything he's said indicates that he will not follow that policy.

Meaning that he and the Trump administration may indeed prosecute journalists. We've heard Trump himself and other Republicans raising the possibility of prosecuting journalists. Do you think that there is - that that is a possibility?

turn 1 :  (3), the implied meaning is that the Department of Justice is taking a strong stance on leaks and may be targeting journalists more aggressively than they have in the past, which could have implications for press freedom.

turn 1 : Journalists may face jail time for refusing to testify against leakers.

turn 1 : The literal meaning of this turn is that people might think news organizations are concealing information, but the actual meaning is that people might think news organizations should not be concealing information.

turn 1 : Journalists sometimes face danger, and killing them won't stop the truth.


turn 3 : There is a possibility that the Trump administration may prosecute journalists.

turn 3 : This statement implies that President Trump is skeptical of the CIA's findings and is seeking irrefutable evidence before taking action.

turn 3 : This statement implies that the newspaper was taking extra precautions to ensure the accuracy of their reporting.

turn 3 : The implied meaning of this turn is that other members of the White House may seek legal counsel in light of President Trump's actions.

turn 3 :  (3), the implied meaning is that the Department of Justice is taking a strong stance on leaks and may be targeting journalists more aggressively than they have in the past, which could have implications for press freedom.


That's true.

Exactly. So, what's happening, Murray?

Well, you know, I think, just like copper and grain, I mean, I think there are shortages that arise every once in a while in important human commodities. And this is kind of a replay, to me, of when I became a clown. In the late 1960s, a lot of the real great master clowns were getting old and dying off. And so the Ringling Brothers show started the College of Clowns, which lasted until, I think, 1997. And I was in the second class.

You think people maybe react differently to clowns.

turn 2 : In (2), the speaker is using humor to point out the irony of a record number of Congress members retiring at a time when there is a shortage of clowns. The actual meaning is not that there is a real shortage of clowns.

turn 2 : In (3), the speaker is questioning the importance of the clown shortage compared to other shortages, such as the shortage of shepherds. The actual meaning is not that the speaker is truly concerned about the relative shortage of clowns and shepherds.

turn 2 : (3) A: Well, you know, I think, just like copper and grain, I mean, I think there are shortages that arise every once in a while in important human commodities. And this is kind of a replay, to me, of when I became a clown.  The literal meaning of this turn is that the speaker is drawing a comparison between shortages in important commodities, like copper and grain, and a shortage in "human commodities," which the speaker then explains is a reference to the shortage of great master clowns in the late 1960s. However, the implied meaning could be that the speaker is making a commentary on the current state of the world, suggesting that there are shortages in important areas beyond just physical commodities, such as in human connection, joy, or creativity. The speaker may be using the example of the clown shortage to illustrate this broader point, and to suggest that this shortage represents a larger trend of a loss of something valuable in society.

turn 2 : "I'm doing well, but some people aren't. And let's talk about these figures and really, what is shifting in our economy right now in terms of the different sectors where people are losing these tens of thousands of jobs?" - The literal meaning is a statement about the current state of the economy and its impact on employment. The implied meaning is a suggestion to discuss the economic issues and the resulting job losses.


You're very welcome.

What made you write this letter?

What I've noticed is that the sidelines has become more venomous. When expletives come across, when parents are yelling you're the worst referee ever because of one bad call that was made - this is outrageous behavior. It's unacceptable on every level.

Is there a particularly egregious incident that sticks in your mind that you could relate to us we might learn from?

turn 1 : B wants to know more about the writer's personal journey, but also wants to understand how the writer's experiences may have shaped their writing

turn 1 : what drove him in this context means what inspired or motivated him

turn 1 : (2) "What made you write this letter?" - Implied meaning: What inspired you to write this letter?

turn 1 : She creates lines of written work in stories that sound good and have a great deal of emotion. Also, the way she writes her stories has a great deal of meaning.


You're very welcome.

What made you write this letter?

turn 2 : The literal meaning of this turn is that the speaker is excluding the people currently present from the criticism they are about to make. However, the actual meaning is that the speaker is making a sarcastic remark and implying that the people present are also guilty of the behavior they are criticizing.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker's tone and word choice suggest that they may be withholding information or expressing something indirectly, potentially due to fear of judgement or repercussions.

turn 2 : What I've noticed is that the sidelines has become more venomous. When expletives come across, when parents are yelling you're the worst referee ever because of one bad call that was made - this is outrageous behavior. It's unacceptable on every level.  In this turn, the actual meaning goes beyond the literal meaning. The speaker is not merely describing an observation about the increasing venomous behavior on the sidelines, but also expressing their disapproval and condemnation of such behavior. The implication is that the speaker finds this behavior unacceptable and outrageous, emphasizing the negative impact it has on the referee and the overall atmosphere of the game.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker might be implying a hidden agenda or ulterior motive behind their words, actions, or decisions, without making it explicit.


You know, we talk a lot about the germs in our bodies and how many there are spread all over the place. But usually they're in our guts that we're talking about it. We haven't talked much about what's going on in our noses. What is happening up there?

That's true, and I think the field of human microbiome research has really, in the last four, five years, really exploded upon the scene and shown us that many niches in the human body are colonized by bacteria, be it our skin, our mucosal surfaces. These are the softer linings that line the nares, the sinuses, the gastrointestinal, the airways and the urogenital tract. And what we're beginning to see is that these linings of the human body are actually home to a diversity of microbes.

And from much of the studies that have come from the gastrointestinal tract, which has been going on a little longer, we've seen certain hallmarks that are associated with health and disease. We know, for example, that when patients have chronic inflammatory disease, one of the characteristics is this loss of diversity. And sinusitis is quite a significant health care issue. And really, to date, much of the microbial studies that have been performed have largely been based on culturing and bacteria, so trying to grow them on agar plates.

Mm-hmm.

turn 1 : Antimicrobial use, including antibiotics, can deplete microbiome diversity.

turn 1 : Many parts of the human body are colonized by bacteria.

turn 1 : The healthy protective organisms in mucosal services can be reinstated by repopulating the gastrointestinal tract with healthy species.

turn 1 : Toilet seats and pillowcases have more microbes than we think.

turn 1 : Diseases are not breaking out but might begin to happen due to the situation.


Well, they're sort of wrapping up. I mean once the storm makes landfall here then they sort of move on to the next thing. So, you have a lot of media around, but in fact the meteorologists are just checking their figures and sort winding down.

And what details do you have on the storm?How much rain is expected from the hurricane?

Well, the hurricane could drop up to a foot of rain in some areas. It really depends precisely where you are. Especially areas that are to the east and north of the center of the storm - could get very very heavy rainfall.

There have been, kind of, expectations that the storm would be as big, maybe as Katrina, maybe even bigger and a lot of very scary talk from New Orleans fears prompting evacuations. What is the difference between hurricanes Gustav and Katrina?

turn 2 : The hurricane may cause severe impacts along the coastline despite staying offshore.

turn 2 : Hurricanes are becoming more dangerous due to climate change.

turn 2 : The rainfall from the hurricane varies depending on location

turn 2 : The hurricane may slow down and cause damage near the Louisiana-Texas border.


It's so hard, yeah. . .

But - yeah.

. . . To not be recognized. I know this is one of the things that many people say, is not being recognized by their family members. It's just the worst feeling in the world.

Yeah. And in our case, it wasn't permanent. I mean, I can't imagine the feeling of people for whom this is a constant.

turn 2 : "I often come across the best of humanity, but I also come across the worst of humanity." This turn uses the figurative language of "the best" and "the worst" of humanity, which refers to the admirable actions and the despicable actions of people, respectively. It does not mean that the speaker encounters people who are entirely good or entirely bad.

turn 2 : Everybody getting hurt doesn't mean physically hurt but that everybody is experiencing difficulties.

turn 2 : feeling the heat implies to experience difficulty

turn 2 : "the worst feeling in the world" implies that not being recognized is the feeling that causes the most pain.

turn 2 : Talking about unpleasant things can have a purpose


Well, let me ask you this. When you say, you know, lights out, he's pretty much out of sight. Why is Huckabee sticking with the race?

Because there's another spot on the ticket besides this one.

Yes, that is so true. Well, let's look at the demographics on both races, Democratic and Republican. Can we say anything about the trends by race, by first time voter, any trends among voters for the Democratic or Republican races?

By and large the Democratic demographics were what we've seen in the past. In Maryland in particular we saw again where the African—American vote was overwhelmingly for Barack Obama, but he did not do comparably well among whites. Now, we did see a deviation from that in Virginia, which was the largest state that was voting yesterday. And in Virginia we saw for the first time a substantial portion - in fact about half - of the white vote going for Barack Obama. He also won among white men. He did not win white women, but if you look at all men, he carried two-thirds of all men and he carried 60 percent of all women in Virginia.

turn 0 : on and off means in this context that they are doing something then not doing something

turn 0 : Turn (1) has a figurative meaning: "highlight of the year" does not refer to an actual bright light but rather an important event or achievement.

turn 0 : "lights out" implies that the person being referred to is not relevant or not a contender in the race, rather than actually turning off lights.

turn 0 : running implies a business and not to chase or purse like in a race

turn 0 : The phrase "officially out" in this context refers to a candidate formally ending their campaign and withdrawing from the race. It implies that there is a distinction between being "officially out" and merely suspending the campaign, suggesting the possibility of a candidate re-entering the race in the future.


turn 2 : Factors such as implicit race attitudes can significantly affect the vote.

turn 2 : taking race off the table implies that people would not consider race in the election

turn 2 :  implies that the Democrats should not become complacent with their current demographics and should focus on further outreach

turn 2 : "demographics" implies a deeper analysis of voting patterns beyond just simple demographics like age, race, and gender.

turn 2 : "Right, so a lot of financial and political implications if you don't have the correct population number, particularly of certain minorities." (turn B): The literal meaning is that an incorrect population count can have significant consequences for federal funding and political representation, especially for minority groups. The implied meaning is that this is a serious issue that deserves attention and action.


Oh, yes, it's 63 as we're speaking now. So that's a 33-degree drop from what it was just a few hours ago last night.

But what's the week been like?

You know, hard for people in a country that's not used to heat and doesn't have much air conditioning. The five hottest summers here since 1500 have been - all been since 2000. So you have - do have more people here asking, if I could put it this way, does a chateau have to fall on your head to see that the earth, France included, is getting hotter?

Yeah (laughter) I know you were in Paris during the 2003 heatwave. And that left 15,000 people dead according to estimates. And it's still considered a marker in French history.

turn 2 : The information does not boil down, but it gets to the most practical facts.

turn 2 : The key point is made to make people want to learn more about what happened.

turn 2 : behind the scenes - to see the inner workings of things

turn 2 : This statement implies that the situation is unpredictable and confusing for many people.

turn 2 : Not an actual home falling onto people's head but an obvious, large amount of information becomes understood.


And he has gotten some criticism, interestingly, from some of his previously most supportive conservative voices, like Ann Coulter and Alex Jones of InfoWars but also from Congress, who've been asking the same questions as your previous guest, which is, what is the overall strategy for solving the Syrian crisis?So far, the strategy seems to be defeat ISIS and get out. And, wherever possible, make it contrast with President Obama. But the strategy does seem to be very similar to President Obama's - do the bare minimum to save face when chemical weapons are used.

And it is possible that maybe you can't really solve the Syrian problem or even stop Assad from using chemical weapons if you're not willing to risk hitting some Russians because all of Syria's most valuable military assets now are intertwined with Russians in Syria.

So you say that some of his actions have been uncharacteristically un-Trumpian and that they're reminiscent of Obama. But what is Trumpian is that he's been conducting Syria policy over Twitter.

That's right, and he previewed the strikes. He said they were coming fast and smart. The missiles were coming. He then backtracked and said, maybe I haven't decided on a strike. And then, he tweeted something that really got everyone's attention. He said mission accomplished, which are two words that. . .

turn 0 : There is little progress in the political process of finding a solution to the Syrian crisis.

turn 0 : There is a lack of progress in the political process for the Syrian crisis.

turn 0 : The Syrian regime has been in power for a long time, and there is a possibility that Bashar will outlast Trump.

turn 0 : Despite efforts to shelter them, hospitals in Syria are being targeted during military operations.

turn 0 : The strategy to solve the Syrian crisis is similar to Obama's


And tell us a bit about the ocean bed.

It's a bit rockier than the Rockies. It's that sort of terrain. The location they're looking at is at the foot of a huge mountain. That mountain rises about three and a half kilometers. That's about two miles up from the sea floor. So it's on a really quite steep terrain. We don't know whether the seabed there is muddy, silty - in which case things can sink into the seabed - or whether it's rocky. We've got better maps of the moon's surface for this area than we do of the seabed itself. So, you know, if someone said to you, this is on the moon, we could tell you what the terrain was like. We don't really know what it's like here. We don't have detailed maps.

I have a lot of respect for the Royal Australian Navy, but has anybody ever been able to pick up something this deep in the ocean before?

The technology is there, but it's rare. And there isn't - there aren't that many vehicles that can operate at these sorts of depths.

turn 1 : (2) In this turn, the speaker says "this mountain has an inescapable pull for a lot of people" which means that Mount Everest has a strong attraction that draws many people towards it, despite the danger and risks involved. The literal meaning would be that the mountain physically pulls people towards it, which is not true.

turn 1 : "rock stars" is used figuratively to mean that the Ohio Association of Food Banks and their partners were performing exceptionally well, rather than literally referring to musicians or performers.

turn 1 :  "from the depths to the heights" is an expression used figuratively to describe a significant improvement or progress, rather than literally referring to a physical location or elevation.

turn 1 : A: "It's a bit rockier than the Rockies." This phrase is a figurative expression, meaning that the ocean bed is rocky, like the Rocky Mountains, but not necessarily to the same degree of rockiness as the mountains.

turn 1 : (3) Here, the speaker says "Everest is - it's a mythical kind of place" which means that Everest has a legendary and symbolic significance in people's minds and imaginations. The literal meaning would be that Everest is a place of myth or fiction, which is not true


And tell us a bit about the ocean bed.

turn 3 : In (4), the statement "The world is out there, isn't it?" has an implied meaning of "There are many other important topics we could discuss besides the current one."

turn 3 : "It's a trend we've seen" is a statement about a trend, not a literal description of what the speaker has seen.

turn 3 :  A: "The technology is there, but it's rare." This sentence has a non-literal meaning because the word "rare" does not refer to the technology being scarce, but rather to the fact that it is uncommon for vehicles to operate at the depths of the ocean where the object in question is located.

turn 3 : The implied meaning of this turn is that A is implying that the way media is consumed has changed drastically, and this could lead to the failure of the American experiment.

turn 3 : A: "But one of the things that's really exciting about dark matter, that makes it one of the deepest mysteries of the cosmos..." Implicated meaning: The speaker is expressing enthusiasm about the intriguing nature of dark matter, highlighting its status as one of the most profound mysteries in the universe. The actual meaning is not that dark matter is exciting in a literal sense, but rather that it presents a captivating and puzzling scientific inquiry.


And tell us a bit about the ocean bed.

turn 3 : In turn (4), the speaker is not simply talking about the rarity of technology or vehicles that can operate at great depths in the ocean. The implied meaning is that it would be difficult for anyone to locate something as deep as the object they are discussing. This is because the technology is rare and not readily available.In turn (4), the speaker is not simply talking about the rarity of technology or vehicles that can operate at great depths in the ocean. The implied meaning is that it would be difficult for anyone to locate something as deep as the object they are discussing. This is because the technology is rare and not readily available.

turn 3 : The turn that has an actual meaning different from its literal meaning is (4): "How do you cast sculptures in what amounts to an underwater gallery, not just this installation in the Thames, obviously, but some that you've done all over the world?"

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be suggesting that there are some hidden or unknown factors that could influence the situation being discussed.

turn 3 : In turn (4), the literal meaning is that North Korea's nuclear capabilities are something to be reckoned with and the speaker is asking why we shouldn't be concerned about this one move. However, the actual meaning is that the speaker is asking for an explanation as to why the reassembling of the site should not be a cause for concern, despite the fact that North Korea's nuclear capabilities are usually considered a threat.

turn 3 : In turn (4), the actual meaning is that both sides are downplaying their chances of success in the debate, even though they may privately believe that they will perform better than the other side. The implied meaning is that both sides are likely overestimating their own abilities and underestimating their opponent's abilities, and that the outcome of the debate may be more uncertain than either side is willing to admit.


And how much room would you need to store all the information in the world?

So we - I did a quick calculation the other day on the back of an envelope for that one, and I think you could do all the information in the world in one and a half cubic meters. So it would sort of go in the back of your station wagon, I guess.

Wow, I'd be careful about where I was driving if I had. . .

It would be really heavy. It would be bound to the suspension.

turn 0 : a lot of stuff means there is a massive amount

turn 0 : how much room means how much space is there

turn 0 : how big of a deal means how much of a problem would this be

turn 0 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer


Hi Farai. Great to be with you.

Always. So we've been following this situation in Zimbabwe and the situation includes a tainted election and economic collapse. Now the U. S.  has imposed new sanctions, accusing President Robert Mugabe of heading an illegitimate government that sponsors violence. Last week, the president - President Bush - signed an executive order that adds new financial restrictions against individuals and organizations linked to Mugabe's government. So South Africa criticized those new sanctions, saying they could actually obstruct these power sharing talks. What do you think?

Well I think the international community has to use everything in its tool kit to kind of acknowledge what has happened in Zimbabwe and to put pressure for change. I mean, what has happened is just unacceptable. You have had not only the flawed elections of March 29th, but again failed electoral process in June and you know, right now there is this critical period of negotiations, political negotiations that need real pressure and real support. So I think it is important that the international community does everything that it can to say that it is time for a change in Zimbabwe.

Clearly South Africa has had a lot at stake. The quiet diplomacy that we talk about with Mbeki. The quiet diplomacy has, well, brought some results, but not the results needed. And I think the African Union, the Southern African Development Community all have said that more is needed to bring really a chance for peace and also for justice in Zimbabwe.

turn 0 : following refer to or implies being interested in a situation or information

turn 0 : to approach someone with something in this context means you are showing them something

turn 0 : Implied meaning: The speaker is indirectly suggesting that they may have information or opinions that they are hesitant to share openly.

turn 0 : This turn expresses willingness to engage in the conversation.

turn 0 : The implied meaning is that the person hopes for interaction and engagement between individuals interested in building their family tree or learning about family research, and that they will come across unexpected articles and ideas, leading to interesting discussions and experiences on the site.


Hi Farai. Great to be with you.

turn 1 : The situation in Zimbabwe is bad and the US has imposed new sanctions against Mugabe's government.

turn 1 : The regime has been causing damage to the country and harming innocent people.

turn 1 : Money is being printed irresponsibly in Zimbabwe and the person wonder's how the lowering economy of the world affects them.

turn 1 : Implies that the sanctions put in place by the UN Security Council and the US government are more of the same and not necessarily new or different in any meaningful way.


Hi Farai. Great to be with you.

turn 2 : The regime has been causing damage to the country and harming innocent people.

turn 2 : Money is being printed irresponsibly in Zimbabwe and the person wonder's how the lowering economy of the world affects them.

turn 2 : The people want visible and effective action against corruption and terrorism.

turn 2 : They need the countries to realize this is the way things should be done in other countries.

turn 2 : The international community should put pressure on Zimbabwe for a change.


In Iran, state media are reporting the seizure of another tanker in the Persian Gulf. The ship was reportedly taken by Iran's Revolutionary Guard Corps, and seven crew members were detained. It would mark the third seizure of a foreign ship by Iran in the past two weeks. NPR's Peter Kenyon is following the story from Istanbul, and he joins us now.

Morning.

Hi, Lulu.

What do we know so far about this latest seizure?

turn 0 : It would be a mistake for me to do that.

turn 0 : i can take care my self for sure

turn 0 : very enjoy am very nice feelvery enjoy am very nice feel


Yeah.
And then it. . .
Very briefly.
. . . couldn't start.

turn 2 : A is telling a joke instead of discussing the topic

turn 2 : There were some personal problems, and he is trying to understand the reason behind them without being too direct.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be subtly implying that they are not interested in continuing a conversation or that they would prefer to end the discussion.

turn 2 : A is trying to add some humor to the conversation

turn 2 : A did not want to talk about the topic for too long


We're talking with Stephen Sestanovich, George F.  Kennan senior fellow for Russian and Eurasian studies at the Council on Foreign Relations. You're listening to TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News. And Russia also faces some serious demographic issues, a dwindling population. The future does not look as rosy as it might have.

The demographic issue has been one that's preoccupied the Russian leadership for some years. There are moments where they seem to think that they - there's been an upturn in the birth rate. But broadly speaking, they're looking at a decline in the population of, you know, starting a decade or so ago, the population has dropped seven or eight million since the Soviet Union collapsed.

And we talked about the future with Vladimir Putin. What about the forgotten man, if you will, the interregnum president, Dmitry Medvedev?

Well, he is an interesting figure in Russian politics. A lot of people joke about him now. He's, well, humiliated really by what Putin did to him in taking his job away and saying, you know, let me drive now. The question is whether Medvedev, who is now going to be given the job of prime minister, will have any real clout in the ability to pursue the agenda that he has tried to make his own over the past four years, which is modernization, reform, ending corruption, reducing the role of the economy - of the state in the economy. Will he stick with those issues?Will he be able to push them through or will he just be a flunky of Putin?

turn 1 : The Russian goverment doesn't get many chances to do the right thing where people all over the world will see and know about it.

turn 1 :  (4) implies that the four Russians were young during the collapse of the Soviet Union and experienced the transition to democracy or chaos during their adulthood.

turn 1 : Russia's population has been decreasing since the Soviet Union collapsed.

turn 1 : Russia will try to get more people to join the military together.


That seems to be the case.

Thanks very much for being with us today.

Thank you so much, Neal. Keep an eye on your belly button.

Rob Dunn is a science writer, a biologist in the Department of Biology at North Carolina State University. He joined us today from Raleigh. Tomorrow, traffic. L. A. 's is legendary, they're trying something new. They have synchronized every traffic light in the city. Join us for an update with Tom Vanderbilt tomorrow right after I go home and take a shower. It's the TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News. I'm Neal Conan in Washington.

turn 2 : Not sure what the belly button reference means exactly (it refers to the earlier discussion), but it isn't literal. It's a joke.

turn 2 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer

turn 2 : There are no idiomatic expressions or figurative language in this turn.


That seems to be the case.

turn 3 : implies that the quietness of the supper conversation before the shower scene prepares the audience to be shocked by the violent moment that follows

turn 3 : (4) is a straightforward denial of B's implied meaning, and does not carry any additional implied meanings beyond that.

turn 3 : The implied meaning is that B's special person is being given the utmost care and protection.

turn 3 : 'B' is not actually going home to shower. 'A' probably said something about germs or bacteria on the body, and 'A' is joking about feeling unclean.


Yeah, it was highly publicized. Its image got all over the world.

And how - it has a unique design to it. Who designed it and why does it have the shape it has?

That's a really interesting question. There's - it's actually a complicated story. The chief architect was a man named John Graham Jr. , had a large architectural firm. He was mainly known as the man who invented the first really successful shopping mall, which was here in Seattle, Northgate. He had the task of creating the Space Needle. But he - they got stuck on the design. They had a doodle on a napkin. He had a bunch of architects who began looking at a tower-like structure. They were inspired by a tower, a broadcast tower in Germany, in Stuttgart, which had a restaurant on it. And so they knew they wanted an observation deck. But they were kind of open to what else they would do. They thought about putting a planetarium up there and a helicopter pad.

No kidding.

turn 2 : He wants to know if the tower is perfect as is or should it be changed.

turn 2 : The tower has curves along it's base that resemble the curves of a woman.

turn 2 : The object is a tower that is very tall and has a sharp point at the end.

turn 2 : Turn not provided. Please provide a turn for me to analyze.

turn 2 : when something is front and center in this context it means its out in the open, or some type of problem everyone notices


We propose three national sales tax holiday periods in 2009. They would be 10-day periods, including two weekends, and they would occur in March, July, and October. During that time period, the federal government would reimburse the states for any sales tax holiday revenue lost because of these holiday periods.

And do you have a sense of how much money this plan could save consumers?

We estimated approximately $175 for the average family.

And as you mentioned, the way that this would work is that the federal government would reimburse states for any losses that they might incur without the taxes during these periods. But could that work?Where's the federal government going to get that money from when they're already handing out to so many other industries?

turn 2 : a sense means that there is an understanding

turn 2 : to have a sense of something means do you understand something

turn 2 : I see means in this context I understand

turn 2 : It implies that A believe and understand what B means to a large extent.


And I think right now what we're finding is that, I think this - the technology industry though, Tony, you can't - this country, businesses, the ecosystem cannot function without information technology. So you have companies like HP, Dell, Microsoft, Google, they're all being very creative now or I would say, more creative than I guess that they had to have been in the past to really understand how they can make the largest impact without it affecting their employee work force.

And I think today's times are making people more innovative and the mother - mother's the necessity of innovation and I think it's just making people be more creative now. I'm hoping that the stimulus package with having a chief technology officer in house, with $7. 2 billion going towards - from the stimulus, going towards broadband, with another $19 billion going towards health information records and technology, and health care.

I'm hoping that that is going to, when that money becomes available, make it so that the technology industry can still remain resilient, because largely we have been. I mean, we're not immune from the problems, but we've been pretty resilient throughout. If you look at what's going on throughout the country, technology sector has been doing fairly well.

You know, you mentioned that there was a new chief technology officer and our conversation is coming to a close, but briefly tell us who this person is, if you know, and what you know about his or her background?

turn 1 : Measuring innovation and creativity is not limited to patenting and also includes the number of start-up companies and venture capital.

turn 1 : An economic crisis can lead to better competitiveness.

turn 1 : The government could acquire loans and make changes more easily.

turn 1 : He said that practical applications are things a person would only find in science fiction novels and shows. It can not be done in reality.

turn 1 : The problems of today are the necessity for innovation to occur.


Well, the overall energy source for all of this is that big ball that we see every day, the sun.

Oh, that thing.

Yeah, that thing.

But the sun is moderately variable. And every now and then, it'll send out an extra stream, a strong stream of particles that we call the solar wind. And that when that comes along and encounters our planet, we have a magnetic field, and so that acts as sort of a barrier, but it still puts energy in. And when all that energy comes in, it goes into these particles. And then this is one of the mechanisms whereby things get transferred into the very high-energy particles that make the radiation belts.

turn 1 : B disagrees with the premise of the question but is willing to discuss it further.

turn 1 : B is being sarcastic and dismissive about the sun.

turn 1 : B is impressed or surprised by what A said.

turn 1 : A is jokingly referencing the title of B's book

turn 1 : B finds something amusing or funny, but it's not clear what


Well, I'm delighted. I'm absolutely high as a kite. I said yesterday, I'm high as the flag on the Fourth of July, and it's the way I still feel today.

And does this ruling change the way researchers will be able to work?

It has a less of an impact on research, which has never been subject to the enforcement of a patent, than it does on the availability of this approach for patient care. The enforcement of the monopoly on testing by Myriad was in the realm of patient care, that is testing for patients who were referred by their physicians or genetic counselors for sequencing of BRCA1 and 2.

Does this mean that it will open up the realm of other people, other companies, coming up with a test also and maybe drive the price of the test down.

turn 2 : This implies that some science data were also gotten as a result of the inspection of equipment.

turn 2 : The development could have a significant impact on drug storage.

turn 2 : turn is to challenge the idea that the proposal was a great idea in the first place.

turn 2 : Myriad was the main company that could do testing and had most tests done by them.


I don't think I have to. I'm a jazz musician. I know what I am. Whether the music you think I'm playing or professing is jazz or not, it's kind of not my problem, you know what I mean?I'm a jazz musician, and this is what I do.

I do conduction, and it doesn't matter whether I do it with classical musicians or jazz musicians or traditional Japanese instruments, Korean instruments, Turkish instruments. It doesn't matter. This is what I do, work with funk musicians or pop musicians. It doesn't matter. I'm still doing - I'm still showing everybody the same sign. This means sustain. This means repeat. This means graphic information. This means this, this, and that.

Some of your newer music, it's recording Nublu Orchestra. It crosses many genres. Let's take a listen to "Downstairs. "

How did you get started on this path?I mean, who were your influences?Who were the musicians that sparked in your imagination that this is a road you might take?

turn 3 : the phenomenon described in the book is extraordinary and could be perceived as a miracle by some readers, even though the literal meaning is simply acknowledging that the phenomenon is portrayed realistically in the book.

turn 3 : The narrator can visualized the art like how all artists done.

turn 3 :  (4) is an expression of surprise. The implied meaning is an expression of admiration.

turn 3 : the musicians actually created a spark in the speaker's imagination, but the figurative meaning is that the musicians inspired the speaker's creativity.

turn 3 : The poet's work is inspired by various cultural influences and experiences.


Not defend - or explain it or, like, make a joke out of it. Or. . .

Well, I mean, that's what we - that's what a comedian does anyway. We're just making light of things that are going on. Or we're pointing out an injustice and trying to make it funny. Or we're trying to ultimately entertain. But, you know, sometimes, some comics - you know, they want to be social justice warriors. I don't ever feel like I have to 'cause I'm already multiracial, multiethnic as it is anyway?

What is your background?

Well, I'm just mixed.

turn 3 : The speaker is worried that their work may contribute to the stereotype that black people are oversexualized.

turn 3 : The speaker is concerned about their biracial children feeling pressure to choose between their racial identities.

turn 3 : The literal meaning of this turn is to state that the speaker is of mixed racial and/or ethnic heritage. However, the actual meaning is to downplay the significance of the speaker's racial and ethnic identity.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using a euphemism or understatement to convey a more significant or sensitive message.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker's choice of language or communication style may reflect their level of education, social status, or personal values, and may carry additional implications or associations beyond the literal meaning of their words.


Mr.  Bostrom, as I understand it, you have spent a lot of your working life dealing with nuclear war and asteroid strikes and now the prospect of superintelligent machines. How you doing?

Well, I actually also spend some time thinking about the upside of things, like, if things go well, if humanity makes it through this century intact, I think the future for Earth originating intelligent life could be very long and very large and very bright, indeed. We might reach technological maturity in this century, and with that would come the possibility to colonize the universe and to cure cancer and to accomplish many other things that we can only vaguely dream about today. It's worth being really careful and making sure that we don't screw up along the path.

Nick Bostrom is the founder and director of the Future of Humanity Institute at Oxford University and the author of "Superintelligence. "Thanks for speaking with us, Mr.  Bostrom, and I don't mind saying good luck.

Thanks.

turn 2 : (4) implies that Andrew Paulson is wishing the interviewer good luck as well as himself and the game of chess.

turn 2 : (3) B: Christian Champagne, who is a high school junior in Chicago and part of the Becoming a Man program. All kinds of luck to you, Mr. Champagne. It's been very nice to talk to you.  In both of these turns, the implied meanings go beyond the literal words used. The speaker in (2) is expressing a change in their perspective and motivation, not just describing a visual change. In (3), the speaker is using the phrase "All kinds of luck to you" as a form of well-wishing, not literally referring to different types of luck.

turn 2 : The speaker is actually expressing gratitude and appreciation for the host's interest in their work.

turn 2 : In (3), the speaker is not wishing Mr. Bostrom good luck in the literal sense, but rather expressing his appreciation for speaking with them and thanking him for his efforts.


A lesser option would be to set up a no-sailing zone around the tankers.

General Deptula, thank you. We have to leave it there. That's Dave Deptula.

Thank you so much for your time. We appreciate it.

All right. Take care, Mary Louise.

turn 0 : It would be a mistake for me to do that.

turn 0 : Staying in low-lying areas during hurricane will cause certain death

turn 0 : A suggests a more extreme option than setting up a no-sailing zone


Erik Nourrie was in Brazil a while back when he got too close to a wild monkey.

I guess he got a little agitated. I was too close, and he socked me.

There was another monkey attack in an enclosure in Honduras. His wife snapped some photos of that one. Maybe its karma, maybe it's a spiritual test of resilience. But Erik Nourrie says he travels a lot to fun, dangerous spots. So all this happening to one guy makes him the world's unluckiest man. But the fact he survived it all makes him one lucky son of a gun.

You know, I believe God's in control. When it's my time, it's my time. And apparently, the other day, it wasn't my time yet.

turn 2 : shooters means people using a gun, usually for bad purposes

turn 2 : "assault-style weapons" - this is a term used to describe certain types of firearms that have specific features but it does not necessarily mean that the weapon is used for assault purposes.

turn 2 : Children are being trained to be killing machines, and a gun was invented that is easy for young people to use, leading to more violence.

turn 2 : "assault weapons" - this is a term used to describe certain types of firearms that have specific features but it does not necessarily mean that the weapon is used for assault purposes.

turn 2 : A "son of a gun" can be an insult or a term of endearment, the latter in this case. It has nothing to do with guns.


Revkin told me about a man named Khaled. He worked at a slaughterhouse that ISIS took control of, leaving him with a choice - stay at the job and work for ISIS or leave and face retaliation.

Khaled, like many residents of Mosul, decided that cooperation was the only way to survive. So he continued working in the slaughterhouse. He claimed that he was never trained. He never received combat training or used a weapon or participated in any military operations on behalf of the group. But nonetheless, three years later, when Iraqi security forces, supported by the international coalition, recaptured Mosul, he was 1 of more than 90,000 people who have been detained on suspicion of association with the group. And he was arrested solely on the basis of testimony from a secret informant who had apparently witnessed him pledging allegiance, even though Khaled insisted that this pledge was involuntary and coerced.

So, you know, during the trial, I saw him explain that his work consisted only of feeding and caring for animals at the slaughterhouse. But nonetheless, he was sentenced to 15 years in prison after a trial that lasted less than 30 minutes. And the judges actually told him that he was lucky to receive such a lenient sentence because the crime for which he was convicted, which was membership in a terrorist group, generally brings capital punishment.

A lot of post-ISIS life is figuring out who was or who was not involved in ISIS and bringing the appropriate perpetrators to justice. This is done mostly through courts?

turn 0 : It is unclear exactly what the motive for the actions was.

turn 0 : The women who joined the all-women's force did so as a result of being abused by their husbands who were part of ISIS.

turn 0 : ISIS in Afghanistan kills civilians unlike the Taliban

turn 0 : The Saudi leadership is responsible for the murder of Khashoggi, but they are trying to distance themselves from it

turn 0 : Khaled was put in a difficult situation by ISIS and had to choose between working for them or risking retaliation.


turn 3 : The way the Sunni insurgency has ended is not as simple as just being paid off

turn 3 : Khaled faced a difficult decision to stay and work for ISIS or leave and risk facing repercussions from them.

turn 3 : (4) Implied meaning: The United States has to choose between Assad and ISIS, and it should prioritize the destruction of ISIS.

turn 3 : implies that the fight against the Houthi rebels could relieve al-Qaida pressure in the region.

turn 3 : A acknowledges there are practical drawbacks to partnering with a lying terrorist like Bashar al-Assad, but also highlights the moral consequences of such a partnership and the difficulty of navigating the situation.


You know, the study that came out I think is scaring people in thinking that you're going to have to through like a two year master program to learn how to have black kids, if you're white parents. And it's honestly, you could probably knock it out in two hours. It's really not that difficult, there's a few things that you should know. And bringing your kids up in a diverse neighborhood is the most important of that.

And then, you know, if you have friends that are the same race of your kids, you just, you ask them for questions, and it's helpful to have them as a resource, it's something you definitely want to keep next to you when you're raising your kids.

My sister and I made my parents cooler by bringing in some color to the Stigger family. And that's the benefit of it. It is a little more work as parent, but you get so much more out of it. And it definitely helped me and my sister to have the viewpoints of two white people and still have the viewpoints of us as biracial kids.

If you were talking to someone who was, you know, say 10-years-old, what kind of advice would you give that age a person for dealing with an experience like yours?

turn 0 : Despite our racial differences, we are all genetically African.

turn 0 : A person wants to identify as cool, American black instead of African-American despite not being from Africa.

turn 0 : black kids implies children of African American people and not black colored kids

turn 0 : The country does not have children but it means the people that are born and raised there.

turn 0 : White people saying they were taught to treat everyone the same is not enough to combat racism.