Right.

turn 3 : Congressional Republicans won't pass the bill unless the President makes sure they will not be hurt politically.

turn 3 : The implication is that the Republicans may have to use strong tactics to pass their agenda, even if it means having to pressure members of their own party.

turn 3 : The president will propose something new later today

turn 3 : (4) This bill is still right on a danger zone in terms of whether or not it can pass - Implied meaning: The bill is in a precarious situation and could fail if any more Republican senators vote against it.

turn 3 : They don't think Nancy Pelosi would begin impeachment proceedings if she wasn't sure that what she knew would get the president impeached.


Well, I would imagine that if you can survive all that stuff, right, and you can be zapped with radiation, frozen to almost to almost absolute zero, you can dry up or you go into some sort of. . .

It's called the tun phase. They sort of shrivel up, became desiccated, and then they can just survive all of these things, and then be brought back to life.

And they just wait for the right moment to. . .

You just - a drop of water, I think, will do it.

turn 0 : The damage itself can not face anything. The cause of the damage, the person or people are what is meant here.

turn 0 : The statistic does not electrically shock people but it does greatly surprise people.

turn 0 : It is not actually zapped. It has been exposed to radiation.

turn 0 : B said zap it and drill it by zap they mean by firing a laser.

turn 0 : The equipment did not actually sweep the floor but went over the room with a infrared detection sensor.


It was really expensive. It was the most expensive substance on Earth at the time. We're talking about equivalent of 2. 2 million dollars for a single gram.

Wow. And in 1917, of course, with World War I cranking up, there was huge military demand for watches that you could see in the dark and dials that you could see in the - in the dark.

That's right. And as you said, this is when the book opens, so shortly before America joined the First World War. And once they did, of course, join that global conflict, there was this huge boom to the radium industry. Soldiers needed watches, and people needed it for the planes and the trucks and so on. And so the dial painters, who were the radium girls - they were employed to paint all these dials with luminous radium paint. And they were taught to lip point, so to put their brushes between their lips to make a fine point for the detailed handiwork.

To actually put the brush with the radium paint into their mouth.

turn 2 : (3), the speaker mentions the "radium girls" who were employed to paint dials with luminous radium paint during World War I. The implied meaning here is that these workers were exposed to dangerous levels of radiation due to their work, which had severe health consequences for many of them.

turn 2 : The young women working in factories were suffering a lot due to the unhealthy environment.

turn 2 : People in the past used to consume radioactive water as a cure for various health problems, but it turned out to be fatal.

turn 2 : "I feel good enough. I don't feel irradiated." Implicated Meaning: The speaker states that they feel physically fine and unaffected by radiation exposure, implying that they may not be fully aware of the potential long-term effects or the accuracy of the assessment.

turn 2 : The project gave the speaker more respect for the struggles of women around the world


turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using allusions to reference something indirectly, assuming that the listener will understand the reference based on shared knowledge or cultural context.

turn 3 : In (4), the speaker expands on the earlier point by explicitly stating that the workers put the brushes with radium paint into their mouths to make a fine point. The implied meaning here is that the workers were not aware of the dangers of radium and were not provided with proper safety equipment, leading to their exposure to dangerous levels of radiation.

turn 3 :  Implied meaning: There is a fear of the spread of Zika, malaria, cholera, and other diseases due to the lack of access to aid.

turn 3 : The speaker is suggesting that the situation might not be as serious or dangerous as it initially seemed.

turn 3 : In turn (4), the literal meaning is that North Korea's nuclear capabilities are something to be reckoned with and the speaker is asking why we shouldn't be concerned about this one move. However, the actual meaning is that the speaker is asking for an explanation as to why the reassembling of the site should not be a cause for concern, despite the fact that North Korea's nuclear capabilities are usually considered a threat.


turn 3 : They are not painting but describing the man in a certain way.

turn 3 : You take the unimportant things out of something beautiful and bring them to the lab.

turn 3 :  the workers were instructed to put the brush with the radium paint into their mouth, not just place it between their lips.

turn 3 : implies that A and their team had been studying the frog tongue for a few years.


She let you know.

She let me know, I know. She was born with a perfectly normal heart. So for a whole variety of reasons, it was really special to meet her. You know, going through IVF, it's a very planned and purposeful pregnancy. Like, you're really (laughter) we really had to be committed to the idea that we wanted to be parents. So we're really happy it worked out the way it did.

You know, you reached out. What did you want people to know from your story?

Yeah. That's a good question. I've been asking myself because I haven't talked about my infertility experience very often. But I just had this impulse. There's a lot of taboos around infertility. There's a lot of taboos around talking about being a new mother in any other way besides in glowing terms. And now that I am a new mom and I'm working with other new families, I realize how stressful it is and how normal it is. In the event that someone out there can relate, that's what would be my hope.

turn 1 : The turn (2) "She struggled with anxiety, but eventually she got pregnant through IVF" has a figurative meaning, as it implies that the process of getting pregnant through in vitro fertilization (IVF) was a difficult and challenging one. The use of the word "struggled" connotes a sense of hardship or adversity, which is not necessarily part of the literal meaning of the statement.

turn 1 :  "She struggled with anxiety, but eventually she got pregnant through IVF."  Implicated meaning: The woman experienced anxiety related to her difficulties in conceiving a child, but was eventually able to become pregnant through in vitro fertilization (IVF).

turn 1 : "We tried for about two and a half years. And I had this fear that with every step we took, we would learn something that would confirm my fear that I couldn't have a baby."  Implicated meaning: The speaker struggled with infertility and was afraid that each step in their journey towards having a baby would confirm their fear that they were unable to conceive.

turn 1 :  "You have to be aware when the fertile window is."  The phrase "fertile window" is not a literal window but rather a period of time when a woman is most likely to get pregnant. It refers to the days leading up to and including ovulation when an egg can be fertilized by sperm.

turn 1 : "You know, going through IVF, it's a very planned and purposeful pregnancy" - The literal meaning is that the pregnancy was a result of in vitro fertilization (IVF) which is a planned and purposeful process. The actual meaning is that the process of going through IVF is challenging and requires a strong commitment to the idea of becoming parents.


So for example, you - there is a - one kind of solution perhaps that could work to stop jihadist mass killings, another kind of solution that could work to stop mass killings involving mental illness. And then with some like the Los Vegas shooting, where we still mysteriously don't have a motive, you know, you're more in the dark as to what could have been done in that particular case.

Jeannie Gaffigan, the comedy writer and producer who has been publicly battling a brain tumor and happens to be a person of faith, this week tweeted, I'm living proof that prayer works. She's feeling better now. But it also takes enormous effort along with prayer, sometimes a lifetime of struggle and dedication. Do you agree with that?

Oh, absolutely. I believe - you know, there's a scriptural principle that faith without works is dead. In other words, you should pray and you should act. But I think the main criticism that many of these Twitter activists are offering is that they're saying, don't say thoughts and prayers. Say what I want you to say. And in a political environment where there's sharp polarization and very different ideas about how to respond to a crisis, that's just never going to happen. And besides, what use is an activist tweet anyway?

David French of National Review, thanks so much for being with us.

turn 2 : This statement implies that there is a disagreement between A who is a religious person and the Activists who have different opinions about how faith works.

turn 2 : The speaker is implying that the same divide between religious people and non-religious people is present across the political spectrum, not just within one party.

turn 2 :  The implied meaning of this question is that people often associate certain ideologies with specific beliefs. However, this turn suggests that people should not be pigeonholed into a certain belief system based on one issue.

turn 2 : You quote with approval the words of an Australian bishop who says quote, "we cannot talk about the integrity of creation, the universal and inclusive love of God, while at the same time colluding with the forces of oppression and the ill-treatment of racial minorities, women, and homosexual persons."

turn 2 : The turn that has an implied meaning different from its literal meaning is (2) when B asks, "Can you explain what part of Donald Trump's message is working with religious voters so that they would overlook maybe even some of their basic Christian beliefs to support him?" The literal meaning of the question is straightforward,


Yeah. They considered all kinds of things. And - but they were stuck on coming up with a design that was really a wow design. So John Graham hired as a consultant a professor from the University of Washington named Victor Steinbrueck. He's known locally in Seattle as architect-activist who saved the Pike Place Market. But he was a designer, and he worked on the Space Needle design.

He got stuck. And one day, he was sitting in his home office and he saw - he had a beautiful abstract sculpture by a California artist named David Lemon, and it was feminine figure in complete abstract, reaching up to the sky with this narrow waist and then this tripod legs. And it was called "The Feminine One. "And he went, aha, OK, there is a unique shape for a tower.

Wow. If you have a question you want to ask Knute, get up there on our microphones and you can ask it. Where there any engineering innovations that were required to get this to be built?Anything about the revolving restaurant, anything like that?

Well, it was interesting because at that time, there were no revolving restaurants.

turn 0 : They had a hard time coming up with something that would amaze and impress people.

turn 0 : They got a lot of people complaining about what they spoke about.

turn 0 : They could not come up with an idea that would impress people.

turn 0 : The story was told to people and many became aware of it.

turn 0 : The behavior was unacceptable to what the people would accept.


turn 1 : There were some personal problems, and he is trying to understand the reason behind them without being too direct.

turn 1 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer

turn 1 : A agreed to do something but later realized it wasn't what they wanted

turn 1 : He was having a hard time thinking of an idea and then saw something.


Perhaps the most interesting part of it is the number of loose ends that we have. On one hand, Secretary Pompeo said there was no doubt Iran was responsible for the whole thing. And he listed a whole series of things that he said Iran had been doing, one of which was apparently an unknown militia in Iraq and the other was action by the Taliban in Afghanistan.

So maybe Iran really was responsible for the attacks on the tankers. But I think the fact that Pompeo chose to blame them for absolutely everything that's going on in the region that we don't like is a pretty good indication that the United States really is on a kind of propaganda campaign against Iran. But that doesn't solve the problem.

I was going to ask about the Iran side of this. So just, you know, for the sake of argument, what would Iran's motive be - if these attacks detected - what would be their motive?

As I say, I'm not doubting too much that Iran had a hand in this thing. Their motive is I think quite clear. We are in the middle of a signaling process that is going on. The United States is actually cracking down on Iran so that, basically, Iran not only can't sell oil. It can't sell its refined products. And, increasingly, Iran's closed out of international markets for just about anything that they produce.

turn 2 : Assuming that Iran is responsible for the attack.

turn 2 : Iran is responding to the US's maximum pressure campaign

turn 2 : There is no actual table, just the hope that Iran will negotiate with them.

turn 2 : The situation between Iran and the US may lead to a military conflict, which nobody wants.

turn 2 : The regime has been causing damage to the country and harming innocent people.


turn 3 : This implies that Iran has found ways to evade or circumvent the sanctions, despite their severity.

turn 3 : The drone could monitor inside Iran without entering Iranian airspace.

turn 3 : Iran is responding to the US's maximum pressure campaign

turn 3 : The US is blocking Iran's access to international markets.


Yeah. They made clear that their problems with these laws are not about abortion per se, but about interference in the doctor-patient relationship, which is true. And that is their complaint. I would point out that there have been a number of other abortion laws or abortion regulations that they have not been so outspoken on that would have equally interfered with the doctor-patient relationship.

For a little more context, though, how influential is the American Medical Association at this point?

Well, they're still pretty influential in that people see that name and think, oh, the AMA - they represent doctors. But the AMA has represented a smaller percentage of doctors over the years. It is not quite as big and powerful as it used to be. But still, the brand carries some weight, and it carries some weight in Washington and in state capitals.

Doesn't it carry weight precisely because people see it as apolitical?And is this jeopardizing that?

turn 0 : Abortion is a controversial and politically charged topic.

turn 0 : This implies that there is a contradiction between the state bill against abortion and  Roe v. Wade.

turn 0 : The AMA is concerned about another abortion law.

turn 0 : When they say "these laws are not about abortion per se" they are actually implying that this particular law IS about abortion, but arguments are being made to indicate otherwise

turn 0 : The AMA has been inconsistent on abortion issues and it's uncertain where they stand now.


Now to address this, there are a number of policy proposals on the table. They're called push and pull incentives, which can entice these companies to stay in the antibiotic business. A push incentive might be something where you go to a company that's making billions of dollars and say we'll cut your corporate tax rate if you promise to invest some of those profits into new antibiotics. This is a sure-fire way to get more money into the pipeline. However, many people recoil at the idea of giving a tax break to a multi-billion dollar company.

We started our conversation talking about the patient you referred to as Jackson - a gunshot wound, you had some difficult choices to make with him in terms of treatment. How did it work out for him?

Well, without giving away too much, he does - his story does have a happy ending. But it does not involve antibiotics. And I think that his case is emblematic of the fact that we're increasingly shifting away from the typical model of using antibiotics to treat infections. And there is an array of new treatment options that are coming out - things like bacteriophages and CRISPR-based gene-editing techniques, where we can use a molecular scalpel to modify a strand of nucleic acids to create a new treatment that will cure patients.

But what I want readers to appreciate is how difficult it will be to bring those discoveries into your local hospital based on the current financial model. In many cases, it simply will never happen because the challenges of getting a drug approved by the FDA are so formidable that companies just don't want to go there.

turn 0 : We already knew about the uncertainty regarding tax and spending policies in 2013

turn 0 : The $4 trillion tax cuts will be difficult to fit into the $5 trillion budget.

turn 0 : The behavior of the company should be investigated since it continued for many years.

turn 0 : Giving a tax break to a multi-billion dollar company is controversial

turn 0 : It is unlikely that the Congress and the president will be able to create a debt reduction bill that benefits the country and its people, and this will put a big pressure on the budget due to the tax problem


turn 0 : A implies that while both political parties agrees that prescription drug costs are too high, they cannot find a common ground on how to address the issue.

turn 0 : Everyone is aware that the issue of high prescription drug costs needs to be addressed, but there are opposing views on how to do so.

turn 0 : The Trump administration wants drug companies to lower their prices.

turn 0 : Offering tax breaks to billion-dollar companies can entice them to invest in new antibiotics.

turn 0 : Obama wants to make sure that money is not spent on things that are not needed.


So these are microorganisms. They're a little under a millimeter in size. They have four legs. And a lot of people think they look like bears, hence the name water bear. They are found everywhere on Earth, from jungles, to the top of the Himalayas, to the Antarctic. And as you had mentioned, they can survive pretty much any sort of environment, from extremely hot temperatures to extremely cold temperatures. They can survive in the vacuum of space. They're pretty much indestructible.

And how did a few thousand of them potentially end up on the moon?

A non-profit organization called the Arch Mission Foundation sent a lunar library to the surface of the moon with the Beresheet lander.

The Beresheet lander. This is an Israeli mission.

turn 0 : All they have is the way of life that takes place outside of buildings.

turn 0 : The word "most dangerous place on Earth" implies an exaggeration to emphasize the severity of the situation.

turn 0 : "Everywhere on Earth" sounds like exaggeration. It implies that they can survive in all sorts of different extreme conditions.

turn 0 : There is a dangerous situation happening that requires people to seek shelter and take precautions.

turn 0 : A life can not literally be turned upside down. The implied meaning is that the life is greatly disrupted.


Yeah. Well, I learned quite a bit. And the year that I worked at the maximum security federal penitentiary in Atlanta, one of my primary responsibilities was to administer an assessment called it the psychopathy checklist. And psychopathy is a clinical diagnosis for someone who has a natural criminal disposition, someone who receives gratification out of a variety of criminal and risky lifestyle behaviors. And my dissertation was looking at the psychometric properties - when I say psychometric properties, I mean whether or not this test is a fit test, if it's appropriate to use, if it gets the kind of information that we need it to get for a certain populations. And I did an assessment of this instrument on African-American male inmates.

And what prompted me to do that particular study was because the instrument that we were using, the Hare Psychopathy Checklist, was originally normed on a Canadian inmate population that had very few African-Americans in it. I guess no African-American as we think of them in the United States, and maybe some Afro-Canadians. And so - but it's widely use in the criminal justice system here in the United States. And so the risk with that, if you're giving assessment to African-Americans, but the norm reference is white Americans, then there are certain risks involve with that.

So you think that there can be a question of whether or not even how we think about these criminal justice issues is reflective of racial differences. But the whole idea of racial differences on any level has been one of the biggest bonfires of world culture, you know.

Right.

turn 1 : The underlying trends and geographical concentration of incarceration disproportionately affect low-income communities of color, particularly young African-American males.

turn 1 : The culture and character of black people can be obtained from them if you get too close

turn 1 : The Hare Psychopathy Checklist might not be accurate for African-Americans

turn 1 : Historically, powerful black men have been punished by threats of castration


. . . in HD glory.

. . . up there at sciencefriday. com on our webpage. You can also take it along with you on your iPad or iPhone or Android. But they run - this is an amazing photo. It's - because this thing is huge. It's very long. The antenna is very, very long.

It is very long. And they run it from base to tip through their mouth. And they do this all the time. And Coby Schal wondered, why are they spending all this time grooming?What are they actually grooming off?And he said there have been a lot of hypotheses about this, but no one had actually tested it. So they did a couple of things that are - it's so funny. So first of all, to test why a cockroach grooms, you have to prevent the cockroach from grooming, which presents an interesting challenge: How do you get the cockroach to cooperate with you?

And they came up with something sort of like one of those dog cones that prevents dogs from scratching. But it's a teeny, tiny antenna cone made from the tip of a pipette that they put on the base of the antenna. So the cockroach can't actually pull it down. So on a cockroach now, they have one antenna that's being groomed and they have this other antenna that the cockroach can't groom anymore. So they can see what happens to the dirty antenna, and they find that all of this gunk starts to accumulate on the antenna.

turn 1 : to watch someone play means to watch them perform

turn 1 : "watch" - This verb usually means to observe something with one's eyes, but in this context, it implies enjoying or experiencing a film.

turn 1 : The public can view Operation Night Watch for free.

turn 1 : Take it along with you on your iPad or iPhone or Android means you can watch it on your mobile device

turn 1 : The person must be watching every moment and every detail of the games.


. . . in HD glory.

turn 2 : Despite efforts to protect livestock, it's difficult to fully control predators and their impact on the herd.

turn 2 : Poaching is a major problem and is wiping out the forest's animal population.

turn 2 : "There's no scenery changing." - The literal meaning of this phrase is that there is no change in the scenery, but in the context of the conversation, it is used to suggest that the experiment may be boring for the cockatiels, as they are not able to fly and experience changes in their environment as they would in the wild.

turn 2 : The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker has become used to working with frogs and can even enjoy eating frog legs as part of the study.

turn 2 : Preventing a cockroach from grooming presents an interesting challenge means it's difficult to get a cockroach to stop grooming


Oh, absolutely. Liberia is absolutely ripe for tourism from the standpoint of eco-tourism. It's a beautiful country. It has a huge long coastline. It's right on the equator, so it's very lush and green. And that's why we're on the beach as well, to give that feeling of a vacation as well as the tourism opportunity.

What about security?What measures are you taking?

Well, more and more every day, Liberia, including downtown Monrovia and the countryside, is becoming more and more secure as President Sirleaf begins to rebuild the infrastructure. But as far as the hotel, the hotel is a walled-off facility with security guards and one place that people can absolutely feel secure. I have no doubt that people in this property will feel secure, whether they're in their room or whether they take a stroll from their room out to the beach pool or the beach bar. It's a property that will be very attractive, and people can go there confident that they and their property will be secure.

President Sirleaf is expected to host some of the first guests who come to the hotel. And what's your relationship like with her?It seems as if you've cultivated a really good relationship that has allowed you and inspired you to do this project.

turn 3 : The president will propose something new later today

turn 3 : The project gave the speaker more respect for the struggles of women around the world

turn 3 : A good relationship with President Sirleaf helped inspire the project

turn 3 : George H.W. Bush had a lot of preparation and experience for presidency

turn 3 : It tells about developed our nation and innovoted lot of things


Still, you'll remember that more than two dozen Russians have already been indicted this year for conspiring to interfere in the 2016 elections. And the message this week is that they are at it again, or maybe they never stopped.

We should remind ourselves - this is so serious. This has to do with the ability of citizens to cast vote, which is the lowest and most important lever of democracy. What's the reaction been like so far in the Capitol?

You know, President Trump has kind of brushed off these new charges. He says there's nothing here to do with his campaign. And he says if there are hackers out there, they probably liked his opponent in 2016, Hillary Clinton, better than him. He was also critical, yesterday, of former President Obama, Trump said, for not doing more in 2016 to deter these attacks back then. Of course, the Obama administration tried to issue a warning, but they say that idea was shot down by Republican Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell at the time.

As for other reactions from the Capitol, Senator Mark Warner, Democrat - the senior Democrat on the Senate Intelligence Committee - says it's time for Congress to get involved here. He says that social media companies need to commit to work with lawmakers to update laws and better protect against this kind of foreign election interference.

turn 0 : There is a possibility of an election despite no official announcement yet.

turn 0 : The government rigged the election and caused violence.

turn 0 : Russian interference in the 2016 election is ongoing or never stopped.

turn 0 : If the violence doesn't stop, the election won't be fair

turn 0 : It changes the way you think about the situation. Russia wants to capitalize on everyone's problems in the region.


turn 0 : asking if the US is responding to Russia's attempts to meddle in the elections "in kind".

turn 0 : Congress and the president are not working at the moment.

turn 0 : Russians have interfered in the elections and are doing it again.


Hi, how are you doing?

How do you do that?

Well, you know, it turns out there are lots of little corners in all the information we see. I mean, we're used to the idea that somehow everything we type in the computer is very exact. You don't type in the right password, the computer gets upset. If you don't type in the right URL, it gets upset.

But it turns out that there's lots of little wiggle room that we don't even realize is there, and that's what steganography uses. We kind of go in, and we exploit things. You can make a color just a little bit more blue, or you can make it a little bit more red. And then if you do that enough times, you can send a signal, and then the computer can piece it all together into a complex message.

turn 2 : they are trying to imply that when typing wrong password the computer won't work

turn 2 : hang in there means they are trying to keep their business functioning properly.

turn 2 : They are asking if the other person can help them to understand what they mean.

turn 2 : They are not going to do nothing while the obstruction is going on.

turn 2 : They are saying that at the risk of sounding like they are perfect and above others they think you have to be honest.


Hi, how are you doing?

How do you do that?

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker is expressing a sense of frustration or dissatisfaction with a situation or person, without explicitly stating it.

turn 2 : the computer gets upset implies that the computer does not do what the person wants it to do

turn 2 : The situation is concerning enough that it could make someone anxious, despite the monitoring systems in place.

turn 2 : The turn suggests that the speaker is feeling frustrated and overwhelmed.

turn 2 : This statement implies that the situation is unpredictable and confusing for many people.


This was after years of drift. There is this new energy, this new vigor in this relationship, and there's also enormous excitement, Scott, over the president and the first lady returning to India. The president has this coveted seat at this dazzling display of Indian military hardware during Monday's Republic Day parade, which is actually meant to commemorate the Constitution. And he'll see in a flyover this huge U. S. -made Super Hercules lifter, a testament to the close defense ties between India and the U. S.

Oh, he certainly is. They're here at a very heavy time. The stock market is on this bull run. It's hitting record highs. The IMF predicts that India's growth will actually outpace China's by 2016. So there's this energy here and there's this hope for improving the lives of 1. 2 billion people, but that requires a lot of change. And that's what the president won't necessarily see - the 300 million Indians who don't have electricity, the 600 million who don't have access to clean toilets.

turn 0 : "it will need every ounce of energy" - The literal meaning is that India will need every unit of energy. The actual meaning is that India will need to put in a lot of effort to become a major power in the region and on the global stage.

turn 0 : The president doesn't seem to be acting like a tyrant, despite speculation that he's using more power since winning the election.

turn 0 : (1)	A:	This was after years of drift.There is this new energy, this new vigor in this relationship, and there's also enormous excitement, Scott, over the president and the first lady returning to India.The president has this coveted seat at this dazzling display of Indian military hardware during Monday's Republic Day parade, which is actually meant to commemorate the Constitution.And he'll see in a flyover this huge U.S.-made Super Hercules lifter, a testament to the close defense ties between India and the U.S. (2)	B:	And is the president arriving at a time of enthusiasm in India? (3)	A:	Oh, he certainly is.They're here at a very heavy time.The stock market is on this bull run.It's hitting record highs.The IMF predicts that India's growth will actually outpace China's by 2016.So there's this energy here and there's this hope for improving the lives of 1.2 billion people, but that requires a lot of change.And that's what the president won't necessarily see - the 300 million Indians who don't have electricity, the 600 million who don't have access to clean toilets. (4)	B:	Speaking of energy, should we expect anything concrete out of these meetings?  Please choose the turns whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings.

turn 0 : Mr. Abe is trying to please President Trump by showing him a good time in Japan


turn 2 : "heavy time" is a figurative expression that conveys the intensity of the situation, particularly the high level of activity and enthusiasm in India.

turn 2 : "doing time" - The actual meaning of this phrase is serving a prison sentence. However, the intended meaning could be that this is an opportunity for self-reflection and personal growth.

turn 2 : the time has flown means time went by fast.

turn 2 : Implicated meaning: We have been extremely busy or working at full capacity.

turn 2 : A certain amount of time has passed by surprisingly quickly


turn 3 : "Cement" is figurative, not literal. It refers to making the relationship healthy for a longer period of time.

turn 3 : The actual meaning of turn 3 is "Thank you for joining us and providing information on the topic."

turn 3 : "concrete out of these meetings" is a figurative expression that means specific, tangible results or agreements that are expected to emerge from the meetings.

turn 3 : inquiring about strategies or approaches politicians use to engage and maintain public attention for issues that may seem disconnected or less relevant to the lives of everyday Americans.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The way people communicate can reveal their values, beliefs, and attitudes, and understanding these can help build stronger relationships and resolve conflicts.


So how did this all come about, and how did you get involved?

My partner, Josh Farahzad, just about this time last year, you know, he started thinking - well, what if I launched a rocket into outer space?You know, he didn't really know what he was doing. So he started sending emails to pretty much every university rocketry team in the country. And I was doing a launch with the Princeton University Rocketry Club. He saw our livestream, and he had reached out. I guess after that, I spent thousands of hours just working with Josh one-on-one and leading this very, very tremendous team.

And as the team grew to - what?- I guess about 40 people, you're communicating with one another via a Slack channel.

That's right. You know, at some point, we didn't pay for the Slack premium account. So, you know, I think within a month or two, our messages capped at 10,000. So we started losing our data.

Well, what's the big goal here, aside from actually getting a rocket into space?

turn 1 : Josh Farahzad had a random idea about launching a rocket and reached out for help. A worked hard to lead the team.

turn 1 : He was having a hard time thinking of an idea and then saw something.

turn 1 : The person was not on fire but he was playing very well and getting a lot of fame and jobs because of this.

turn 1 : They had a hard time coming up with something that would amaze and impress people.

turn 1 : The scientists didn't actually run me out of the lab, but were very supportive.


turn 1 : A agreed to do something but later realized it wasn't what they wanted

turn 1 : He was happy to attend the talk show

turn 1 : Josh reached out to A after seeing their launch, and A spent a lot of time working with him

turn 1 : He felt like he was watching a contestant on a game show.

turn 1 : to look forward to something means they are excited for an event.


President Donald Trump had his long-awaited face-to-face with Russian President Vladimir Putin at last week's G-20 summit. Just how the issue of Russian meddling in the November election was addressed is subject to interpretation. And in this country, Congress comes back from recess with health care legislation still looming. So much politics to talk about, so little time - so let's turn to NPR's national political correspondent Mara Liasson. Good morning, Mara.

Good morning, A.

Well, the big theme of this meeting was how isolated and separate the United States is from the rest of the G-20, the rest of the big economies. It's like there's a G-19, and then there's the U. S. , particularly on climate, trade and immigration. The biggest difference at this meeting was climate. The other 19 leaders agreed that continuing to enact the Paris Agreement on climate change was important. They called the agreement irreversible. Of course, Donald Trump has pulled the U. S.  out of that agreement. So the Europeans and others are going to move forward without the U. S.

turn 2 : All right. So before we get to Putin-Trump, let's look at the G-20 meeting and what all the countries got out of it." - This implies that the discussion will cover the outcomes and benefits that each country obtained from the G-20 meeting, rather than simply stating that they will discuss the meeting.

turn 2 : We need to give it our best attempt and relations with Russia could use some help to get better.

turn 2 : He is not saying that Putin never does anything wrong and is very nice.

turn 2 : (2) implies that Russia's goal is to promote a worldview that everything is corrupt and that its tactics are meant to psychologically influence others;

turn 2 : The Russian goverment doesn't get many chances to do the right thing where people all over the world will see and know about it.


Good morning, A.

turn 3 : They need the countries to realize this is the way things should be done in other countries.

turn 3 : It's like there's a G-19, and then there's the U.S." - This implies that the United States is distinct and separate from the other 19 countries in the G-20, rather than simply stating that there are 19 countries in addition to the U.S. in the group.

turn 3 : The US and China both want to establish their own spheres of influence in the region.

turn 3 : The G8 is a group of countries discussing the world's economy and development, not just seven or eight countries

turn 3 : In (4), the speaker is implying that the U.S. is not necessarily looking forward to the fall of Assad, but rather is trying to prepare for it.


Yeah, Phillips Andover Academy. And David Halberstam actually unearthed this better than anybody when David was working on a book on Belichick, "Education Of A Coach. "And Ernie Adams is such a historian that he wanted to meet the great David Halberstam. And I think they traded questions. Every time David would ask Ernie something, Ernie could ask a Vietnam question of the late, great David Halberstam.

Yeah, so what does he do during a game?What does he do for the team?

Well, there's no question. During the games he's up in the booth with a headset and there's an emergency line down to the field with an orange piece of tape that says Ernie. It's a dedicated line for him. And if you see a controversial play or a play where they might dispute or throw the red bag to get a replay, those are carefully selected challenges. And Ernie, I believe, makes all the calls on those, like, this is worth the risk 'cause you lose a time out if you make the challenge and it's upheld. So if you go back - and there's an excellent NFL Films video from the Super Bowl last year and Ernie does speak a little bit in that. And it's pretty clear that he sniffed out the play that Pete Carroll ran from the one-yard line at the end of the game, which Malcolm Butler intercepted to win the Super Bowl. The Patriots had worked on that repeatedly on Friday. . .

Oh, my.

turn 3 : (4) is the same as its literal meaning, which is a brief acknowledgement of what was just said.

turn 3 : "Oh, wow." - This turn's actual meaning is different from its literal meaning. In this context, it is used sarcastically to express disbelief or surprise.

turn 3 :  (4) is an expression of surprise. The implied meaning is an expression of admiration.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using a euphemism or understatement to convey a more significant or sensitive message.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is hinting at a deeper or hidden motive or intention behind their actions or words.


You have done so many different types of music. You have done the Monkeys, you know. What's coming up next for you?I don't know if you've already started work on another album or thought about it, but what direction do you think you're heading in next?

I have no idea. I really don't. I'm still very much inside of this project because you don't leave it just because you finish recording it. You have to begin to think about how to create the live performance of it. So that's a whole other dimension. And so you have to live with this music.

And I always say that the music always ends up so much broader than what you have on the recording because the recording represents the beginning. And once you go out on the road and you play it, and of course, each night, you're going to try to do something different with it, so it just grows and grows and grows until it's time for the next project.

Well, Cassandra Wilson, thank you.

turn 1 : B doesn't understand the implications of the framework

turn 1 : B disagrees with the premise of the question but is willing to discuss it further.

turn 1 : B is still immersed in the current project and hasn't thought about the next one yet.

turn 1 : B is impressed or surprised by what A said.

turn 1 : B implies that A is not actively looking for something more stable.


Well, Cassandra Wilson, thank you.

turn 1 : A is asking B if they have over a thousand songs.

turn 1 : A is unhappy that their music is not receiving as much attention as other artists.2. B is trying to console A by mentioning that they have received praise from Vibe Magazine.

turn 1 : Asking about musical influences, not comparing the album to other artists

turn 1 : The song It's Real addresses a serious issue.

turn 1 : B is still focused on the current project and has not thought about the next album yet.


What did it sound like?

(Imitating plane noise) A lot of, you know, you got hundreds of planes, one right after the other. It was very moving and exciting. You know, you wonder what's going to happen. And 'course, then we fly over the channel. You can look out the window and see the silhouettes of the ships. We know it's going to happen now.

That is Les Cruise. He's 95 years old, and he's one of the last surviving veterans of that D-Day mission. These days, he lives outside of Philadelphia. I went to visit him earlier this week.

I'm Noel. It's nice to meet you.

turn 1 : Working on a space mission is a fulfilling experience

turn 1 : Exciting experience of flying over the channel during the D-Day mission

turn 1 : I am living in a log cabin with celebrity Erin and feel excited about the experience. When it was time to climb a tower, I panicked.

turn 1 : Sailing across the ocean during wartime was a perilous experience.

turn 1 : Allied forces have made a successful landing on Normandy


What did it sound like?

I'm Noel. It's nice to meet you.

turn 1 : The speaker assumes that the background noise suggests an emergency control headquarters

turn 1 : A's statement suggests that the sound must be recognizable as a motor vehicle in operation, not just any sound.

turn 1 : The speaker is not actually hearing the sound of planes, but is describing a past experience.

turn 1 :  In turn (4), the speaker describes the birds "flying" in the wind tunnel with the wind blowing in their faces, which is not a literal description of flight but rather an approximation of the experience.

turn 1 : (3) implies that the speaker wants to know what the speaker observed,


Studios can hold out. They're in bad shape. I mean, they're going to be hurt by this environment economically. But that doesn't mean they can't survive for quite a long time with a strike underway. And that means that people would - I mean, it would just be so devastating; people would lose their jobs. And that wouldn't just be the actors; it would be people who support productions. The actors, unlike the writers, they can close down a movie very quickly. So, it would be an immediate and potentially a long-term and the devastating impact not only for the economy here, but for the Screen Actors Guild if it turned out to backfire.

So, Kim, what happens from here?What's the next steps?

At some point, they can declare an impasse, and the Screen Actors Guild will go to its members and ask for a strike authorization. That requires 75-percent approval of those voting. There certainly are some very high-profile actors - George Clooney, Tom Hanks - who are very opposed to this and who probably would go out there and try to persuade people to vote and vote it down. But with 75-percent approval of those voting, not of the membership, of those voting, that would mean they would have strike authorization and they could initiate a strike.

And if there is a strike, what would that mean for viewers?Does that mean even more hours of reality TV?

turn 0 : to carry something out means to do something

turn 0 : Snuffed out has the implied meaning of stopping.

turn 0 : wait a minute usually means they are taken aback by something and need to process it

turn 0 : to hold out in this context means to wait

turn 0 : on and off means in this context that they are doing something then not doing something


turn 0 : The cuts will be significant and likely affect employees.

turn 0 : If there is a strike, it would have an immediate and potentially a long-term devastating impact on the economy and for the Screen Actors Guild.

turn 0 : This statement from B implies that Screen Actors Guild and the studios haven't been able meet in-person because they are portrayed as having very aggressive leadership and being the last union to hold out for a better deal.

turn 0 : If the commission doesn't organize things well, there could be violence.

turn 0 : The policies would make drastic changes for the better to the economy.


Well, I mean, he's basically had to divest himself of things so that there was no conflict with him working for the government, having had been at Goldman. In that respect, he's gotten, you know, some of those conflicts out of the way already.

There's going to be a conflict of interests in this program. I mean, the asset manager that they hire, they're going to have to have experience managing the kind of assets that the Treasury wants to buy. And so they probably will own some of these assets or manage assets for other clients, for pension funds, for other investors. And so there are going to be huge conflicts. And the Treasury is struggling right now with how to make sure those conflicts are as minimal as possible.

Is there another potential problem that Neel Kashkari is not going to be in Washington much longer if there's a change in administrations. And that that'll cause some kind of turbulence, and, for that matter, Secretary Paulson might not be in place come January.

You're right. There is going to be a huge reshuffling. I mean, four months is not a long time, and it's not the best time to be changing shifts. But it happens, and the Treasury is already working on a transition team trying to make sure that they keep the Obama and the McCain campaigns abreast of what they're doing. And then, after November, they plan to work pretty hard with whomever they designate as a Treasury Secretary.

turn 0 : A wasn't willing to risk his fingers to summit K2

turn 0 : Khaled was put in a difficult situation by ISIS and had to choose between working for them or risking retaliation.

turn 0 : The decision was not something that was given up by one side.

turn 0 : Neel Kashkari had to divest himself of things to avoid conflicts.

turn 0 : This made the person have to stay where they were at.


turn 1 : The world is desperate for the Treasury Department's moves to succeed in stabilizing the economy.

turn 1 : Plan to make sure that the oversight is improved by the treasury Department

turn 1 : The government could acquire loans and make changes more easily.

turn 1 : Big banks were forced to take the money from the Fed and the Treasury.

turn 1 : The Treasury is struggling to minimize conflicts of interests in their program.


Their main achievement was that they submitted documents to the United Nations, formally joining the Paris climate agreement. And on the occasion President Obama said that some day we may see this as the moment that we finally decided to save our planet. President Xi Jinping, meanwhile, called on other countries to follow their example. Now, a lot more countries still have to formally join this agreement for it to take effect. But the U. S.  and China submitted their documents ahead of schedule, and this just means that the commitments that these countries made in Paris can be put into action that much sooner.

This is the first time China has hosted this summit. Does it have a goal in mind as to why it's doing it?

Well, first of all, you know, by hosting this for the first time, to many Chinese it really marks the first time that they've had an equal seat at the rulemaking table since World War II. They feel that they're now the world's second-largest economy, and they want a say that's commensurate with that status. So far, a lot of the rules have been made by the Group of Seven or Group of Eight industrialized nations. China has not been a part of that, and they want a more equitable system represented by the G-20 that does a better job of taking into account the needs of developing nations like itself.

Do we know what's on the agenda?

turn 2 : "... it really marks the first time that they've had an equal seat at the rulemaking table since World War II." This turn has a figurative meaning, as it suggests that China sees itself as an equal player in global decision-making and wants to have a greater say in international affairs, rather than literally referring to a physical table.

turn 2 : It implies that there is a lot of political maneuvering happening behind the scenes in China which an average Chinese person have no knowledge about.

turn 2 : The situation is not necessarily an 'either/or' between China and the United States.

turn 2 : The implied meaning of the speaker's turn is that China is taking advantage of its renewable energy resources, not just for environmental benefits, but also for economic growth and job creation.

turn 2 : This implies the growing economic war between Trump administration and China.


Do we know what's on the agenda?

turn 3 : Let's focus on the areas of agreement before discussing divisive issues.

turn 3 : The president will propose something new later today

turn 3 : Implied meaning: What topics will be discussed at the summit?

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is subtly trying to convey a sense of urgency or importance in the matter being discussed, without explicitly stating it.

turn 3 : In these turns, the speakers are discussing the implications and deeper meanings behind the actions and ideologies of the person they are talking about. They are not merely discussing the literal surface-level interpretations, but rather the underlying motives, strategies, and persuasive effects of those actions and ideologies.


Well, he's got two possibilities here. These tariffs go up on Friday. Both the U. S.  and the Chinese economy would feel the pain. Markets would respond. And here in China, the timing is not great. China's growth is slowing. The government has stepped in with stimulus to try and cushion the blow. And higher tariffs would put more pressure on China's financial system. That said, the notion of Xi Jinping standing up to an American president plays into this carefully crafted aura of him inside of China as this strongman leader who's willing to fight back against China's biggest global rival. So it could play in his favor.

Now, one thing that has not been on the table during these trade talks is China's interment of millions of Chinese Muslims - Uighurs - something that has concerned human rights groups here in the U. S.  Do you think that there's any chance that this human rights concern will be addressed during these trade talks?

Well, it certainly doesn't seem like it. The State Department has ratcheted up its criticism of China on this issue, but the Commerce Department and the U. S.  trade representative who are handling the trade negotiations don't seem receptive to having this issue be a part of the talks. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo did seem to separate the two issues in an interview on "Face The Nation" on Sunday, saying the administration has to do more than one thing at a time.

And you were just in Xinjiang last week, right?Tell us what you saw there.

turn 0 : Xi Jinping needs to appear strong and defend the interest of the Chinese people during the sensitive political season

turn 0 : 1: Chinese people prioritize having a good leader over having a leader who follows rules.

turn 0 : China is trying to negotiate the best possible deal while doing as little as possible to please Trump.

turn 0 : Xi Jinping wants to appear as a strong leader who fights against China's biggest rival


turn 2 : There are several issues that could lead to conflict between US and China in the short term

turn 2 : China is trying to negotiate the best possible deal while doing as little as possible to please Trump.

turn 2 : The US government is not willing to include human rights concerns in trade negotiations with China


We just have this mythology about America being a melting pot and, you know, welcoming of immigrants. And we have our democratic ideals. And yet the true history is one of racism, of white supremacy. And peoples of color have never been particularly welcomed into this country. A lot of people still don't even know the history of the incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II, so I want to go out of feeling youthful, you know, in my old age. And I think that that's something that I can talk about, you know, educate people. So what else can we do?

Chizu Omori is a writer living in Oakland.

Thank you so much.

Well, thank you for allowing me to speak up.

turn 0 : Melting pot doesn't refer to an actual pot, but is a metaphor for the country's population being a mix of different ethnicities and national origins.

turn 0 : when a country is divided it means that the people living in the country have very different opinions from one another

turn 0 : The country does not have children but it means the people that are born and raised there.

turn 0 : The food in a region is influenced by its religion and proximity to other countries.

turn 0 : A is advocating for social and political change.


It's not me - it's nothing to do - saying they, you know, they shouldn't be allowed to sing. And if they want to do soul music, I think it's great because, you know, music is universal, it's meant for everybody. So I really don't have a problem with that. What I have a problem with is, you know, just a lot more attention is paid to artists like that, as apposed to, you know, myself, because there's - you know, I could name loads of them over here that should be out - you know, should be getting the same kind of praise, and don't. I'm just baffled at that.

Now, you do get your props. Vibe Magazine said that your rich, velvety voice warms the inside like a spot of tea. Do you generally try to read the reviews, or. . .

I do actually.

You do?

turn 0 : A is unhappy that their music is not receiving as much attention as other artists.2. B is trying to console A by mentioning that they have received praise from Vibe Magazine.

turn 0 : A is asking B if they have over a thousand songs.

turn 0 : The speaker is mentioning a song that reflects their current emotions.

turn 0 : (1) B: Well, the call has gone out to our NPR listeners, who are either going to be repulsed or intrigued by what you're talking about here, Terry Lee.


How are you doing?

I am doing great. So, tell me how you first ended up, how and when you first ended up in a detention center.

Well, the first time I'd have to say, it was about when I was 15 years old, and it was a detention center. It wasn't a boot camp per se. It was a waiting trial, and sometimes they - you know, the juvenile system, sometimes they'll give you a bond, and sometimes they won't give you a bond, so then you're left with no way out, but to be in the detention center, awaiting trial.

So, when you talk about no bond, that means you can't get out. However, I understand that when you were in juvenile detention, you went in and out, but you were never convicted for the things you were sent there for. Why did that happen?How did that play out?

turn 3 :  you imply that something is the case

turn 3 : Turn (3) describes the discovery of clues that led to the unraveling of the scandal, which is consistent with its literal meaning.

turn 3 : implies to not being in support and feeling unfavorable about the result.

turn 3 : Turn not provided. Please provide a turn for me to analyze.

turn 3 : how it play out implies the final result of a thing or series of things that happened


Hey. How you doing, Lulu?

I'm very well. For people who haven't been to Richmond, can you describe Monument Avenue for us?What statues are there?

Monument Avenue is one of the most beautiful stretches of street in the United States of America. I mean, it's tree-lined. It's on the national historic registry. There are statues to Robert E.  Lee. There's a statue to Jeb Stuart, to, you know, Stonewall Jackson. And there's a lonely statue of Arthur Ashe, which I call the only true champion on that stretch of street.

The tennis champion, Arthur Ashe.

turn 0 : "But well..." - This is an expression that doesn't have a literal meaning. It is an interjection that is often used to indicate hesitation, a change of subject, or a transition in conversation.

turn 0 : How are you?" - The literal meaning is a question about Farai's well-being. The implied meaning is a standard greeting used in social interactions.

turn 0 : "How did this start?" - This turn has a literal meaning and it is asking for the beginning of something.

turn 0 : "Hey.How you doing, Lulu?" - The actual meaning is the speaker is greeting Lulu and asking how she is doing, rather than just stating those words as an empty phrase.

turn 0 : B is asking A if he/she thought carefully before doing something.


Hey. How you doing, Lulu?

The tennis champion, Arthur Ashe.

turn 1 : "I'm very well. For people who haven't been to Richmond, can you describe Monument Avenue for us? What statues are there?" - The actual meaning is the speaker is politely introducing themselves, expressing their good health and asking a genuine question about Monument Avenue and its statues, rather than just making small talk.

turn 1 : Turn (4): "I want to talk about Lincoln and I think that there's a monument up there to Lincoln's role in this battle" - The literal meaning is that the speaker wants to discuss a monument related to Lincoln's role in a battle. However, the actual meaning could be that the speaker wants to discuss Lincoln's role in the battle itself, rather than just the monument.

turn 1 : The speaker is expressing well-wishes to Mayor Belangia, but may not actually intend to visit Oriental or bring bread. The statement is likely meant to be polite or humorous.

turn 1 : asking for a quote which is not the same as the actual meaning of the statement which is that community-level well-being played an important role in this election.


Hey. How you doing, Lulu?

The tennis champion, Arthur Ashe.

turn 2 : "Monument Avenue is one of the most beautiful stretches of street in the United States of America. I mean, it's tree-lined. It's on the national historic registry. There are statues to Robert E. Lee. There's a statue to Jeb Stuart, to, you know, Stonewall Jackson. And there's a lonely statue of Arthur Ashe, which I call the only true champion on that stretch of street." - The actual meaning is the speaker is expressing their opinion about Monument Avenue and the statues on it, highlighting the controversial nature of the Confederate statues and elevating Arthur Ashe as a true hero, rather than just providing factual information.

turn 2 :  A's turn: "We have made an idol of Robert Edward Lee. We have made him an idol of white supremacy. We have made him an idol of nationalism and of bigotry and of hate and of racism. And that's unacceptable."  The actual meaning of this turn is that the speaker believes that the way Robert Edward Lee is being celebrated is unacceptable, as it is a form of idolatry that promotes hate, racism, white supremacy, and nationalism.

turn 2 : Turn (4): "I want to talk about Lincoln and I think that there's a monument up there to Lincoln's role in this battle" - The literal meaning is that the speaker wants to discuss a monument related to Lincoln's role in a battle. However, the actual meaning could be that the speaker wants to discuss Lincoln's role in the battle itself, rather than just the monument.

turn 2 : The actual meanings of these turns are: (2) Martin Luther King was killed by a white assassin; (3) America doesn't understand or appreciate the contributions of black leaders during Reconstruction; (4) America's history of racism and white supremacy has been ignored or minimized for many decades.


Hey. How you doing, Lulu?

The tennis champion, Arthur Ashe.

turn 3 :  "who plays the hero?" - The literal meaning is asking for the identity of the person who plays the lead role in a movie, but the actual meaning in context is a sarcastic response to the previous conversation about staying warm, suggesting that there is no hero in that situation.

turn 3 : The literal meaning of (3) is a simple expression of agreement, while the implied meaning is that the speaker is amazed by the story of Steve Dalkowski's feats.

turn 3 : B: "That soccer star Abby Wambach" - This turn has a literal meaning as it refers to the actual identity of the person being mentioned.

turn 3 :  (4) is an expression of surprise. The implied meaning is an expression of admiration.

turn 3 : "The tennis champion, Arthur Ashe." - The actual meaning is the speaker is confirming that they know who Arthur Ashe is, rather than just stating his name without any context or understanding.


It is.

Why do you think that will be effective?I mean, if someone's about to say something cruel (laughter), saying think about it - like, I don't know.

I think it's going to be somewhat effective but not very effective. I actually think that's true of all of the work that we're going to do. All of these problems are not solved by any one solution. They are complicated. I've also seen in the actual data that a minority but a significant minority of people do rewrite their comments, and they rewrite them in a much more pleasant way. Now, do most people rewrite their comments?No - because if you have an intent that's really intense to harass an individual, a polite comment from Instagram is not going to prevent you from doing so.

But sometimes people get caught up in the moment, and a lightweight reminder can actually help them rethink what they're doing or what they're saying. And so it's not supposed to be the solution that we hang our hat on for all of bullying. It's supposed to be one of many tools to try to prevent bullying from happening in the first place.

turn 3 : To "hang your hat" is a common metaphor that implies you have something you can rely and depend on, so here the speaker is saying that this solution isn't necessarily going to fix everything but it could definitely help.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be hinting at a desire or need for help or support from the listener.

turn 3 : "solve one problem without the other" - This is a figurative way of describing a difficult situation where two interconnected problems must be addressed together, rather than separately. It does not literally mean that one problem must be solved without the other.

turn 3 : to put something in this context is to explain something

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be suggesting that there are some hidden or unknown factors that could influence the situation being discussed.


OK. So let me break down - let me ask you to break down what that means. What is the yield curve, and what does it mean when it's inverted?

So the yield curve represents interest rates at different maturities. So usually, it's the case that a longer-term interest rate has a higher rate than a short-term interest rate. So think of a certificate of deposit at your bank. If you lock your money up for five years, you expect to get a higher rate than, let's say, locking it up for six months.

But in certain rare situations, things get backwards, and it turns out that the long-term interest rate is lower than the short-term rate. And that's called an inverted yield curve. That's exactly the situation we've got right now. And it is a harbinger of bad news.

So unemployment is at a 50-year low. The GDP is growing. Does that have an effect on the yield curve?

turn 2 : a long time coming means something has been meaning to happen but hasn't happened until recently

turn 2 : harbinger it implies to announce or to precede

turn 2 : expression of surprise, as the speaker is asking if the peace talks are starting on Monday despite the big sticking point.

turn 2 : a request for a reminder of the timeline of events leading up to the current situation.

turn 2 : The speaker is implying that the future is arriving faster than expected.


turn 2 : A is confirming that the yield curve has inverted.

turn 2 : The inverted yield curve is a bad sign for the economy.

turn 2 : The economy is doing very poorly, and consumers are struggling to pay their debts and bills.

turn 2 : (3) To be in a recession means the economy is declining.

turn 2 : The economic change has been very destructive to everyone and everything.


This is SCIENCE FRIDAY. I'm Flora Lichtman. If you're listening to our program over the radio today, you have Nikola Tesla to thank. Many of the things we take for granted now - electricity, radar, X-ray technology - come from research done by Tesla about a hundred years ago. But even though he's been come - he's come to be known as the father of the electric age, Tesla died penniless and largely forgotten in 1943.

Skip ahead to present time and enter Matthew Inman, creator of the website The Oatmeal. You may have seen and laughed at his comics, and if you haven't, to get a flavor of them, go to our website at sciencefriday. com to see his one about Tesla. Inman partnered with a nonprofit called the Tesla Science Center at Wardenclyffe on a mission to raise money to buy Tesla's lab in Shoreham, New York, and turn it into a museum. And here's the amazing part: they did it. They raised over $1. 3 million from the public to fund a science museum. There's hope yet. Matthew Inman joins me from Atlanta. Welcome to the program and congratulations.

Oh, yeah, thanks for having me.

Who are these people that gave to your campaign?

turn 0 : Tesla is an underappreciated hero and people sympathize with him through the crowdfunding campaign

turn 0 : Tesla's research contributed to modern inventions, but he died in poverty and obscurity.

turn 0 : Exciting possibility that there might be Tesla's old equipment buried.

turn 0 : The person loved working on cars from the time they were a teenager.


Oh, yeah, thanks for having me.

turn 1 : A thinks that with their army of Tesla fans and experience with crowd funding, they can make a difference in Nikola Tesla's old laboratory.

turn 1 : Matthew Inman partnered with a nonprofit to raise money to turn Tesla's lab into a museum, and they succeeded.

turn 1 : Tesla is an underappreciated hero and people sympathize with him through the crowdfunding campaign

turn 1 : Exciting possibility that there might be Tesla's old equipment buried.


Ibiza being the Spanish island where this video was filmed.

Exactly - just blathering on and on to a Russian woman who they believed was the niece of a prominent Russian oligarch.

And I'll just insert here that I have not had the opportunity to verify exactly what is being documented on this video. But what it has done is raise all of these questions in Austria about the extent of Russian influence in Austrian politics. Is that right?

Absolutely. And, I mean, it's funny because these are actually fake Russians. This is - these are not necessarily people that were sent from the Kremlin. We don't really know the provenance of the video. Some people believe it's an activist collective. Other people are speculating that some secret services of various countries were involved. But the most important thing to say is that Vice Chancellor Strache hasn't denied any of the assertions.

Right. Well, let me insert a practical question here. Where does this leave the government of Austria?Who's in charge today?

turn 0 : The implication is that the person realised something about the video - it did not literally hit them.

turn 0 : The premise of body camera footage is good, but government officials and police officials push against making it public, which goes against the transparency of police interactions.

turn 0 : Ibiza is the location where the video was recorded, not a person

turn 0 : track implies awareness and not record or relating to filed


turn 2 : (2) implies that Russia's goal is to promote a worldview that everything is corrupt and that its tactics are meant to psychologically influence others;

turn 2 : In turn 2, the speaker is implying that even though Mr. Putin's arguments may sound familiar to those of Hitler in 1938, the analogy between the two is still an exaggeration.

turn 2 : The video raised questions about the extent of Russian influence in Austrian politics

turn 2 : that Russia views itself as a victim of a Western conspiracy and is retaliating with its own tactics.


turn 3 : The origin of the video is unknown, but the Vice Chancellor has not denied any of the allegations

turn 3 : The implied meaning of this turn is that other members of the White House may seek legal counsel in light of President Trump's actions.

turn 3 : The video blog post was racist and offensive.

turn 3 : The implication is that the person realised something about the video - it did not literally hit them.

turn 3 : implication: By attacking Arnold Schwarzenegger, the President was actually expressing his own insecurities and dissatisfaction with the fact that he was replaced on the show.


turn 3 : There is evidence that would support the Presidents statement.

turn 3 : Implies a question as to whether any action has been taken to remove President Kabila from power.

turn 3 : B confirms that the president is a recent one and hints at Bill Clinton being the right answer.

turn 3 : Vice Chancellor Strache has not denied any of the assertions

turn 3 : The speaker did not want to go to the convention even if the president and the vice president were going to attend.


Well, this is where this gets controversial, is that about half the attorneys general in the United States say they will not feel nearly enough pain. Forbes magazine puts their wealth at around $13 billion, and a lot of that money will not be touched by this deal. There's also no admission of wrongdoing here, David. And that angers a lot of people. And remember, the Sackler family, we've seen over the last year, they really - members of the family played a very forward role in bringing OxyContin, but also other opioid medications, into the mainstream. Two hundred and eighteen thousand Americans have died from this prescription opioid epidemic alone. And so the fact that they're not feeling more personal sting here, that's controversial.

Well, and you mentioned a lot of attorneys general are not satisfied with this result. I mean, does that mean they could really keep this going, this could mean that this is not over at all for the Sacklers?

Yeah. So New York Attorney General Letitia James announced, just on Friday, that the Sackler family had wired about a billion dollars to offshore accounts. She talks about Swiss bank accounts. So they're looking for that money, and they say they'll keep piling suits directly to family members.

Well, and we're talking about Purdue Pharma. They actually didn't - I mean, a fairly small producer of opioids, right?There are other drugmakers out there, distributors, pharmacies. Does this bankruptcy impact all of them in some way?

turn 2 : 'They'll keep piling suits directly to family members' would be written in the literal sense as 'plaintiffs will file several lawsuits against family members directly'

turn 2 : It is being implied that it will be difficult to proceed to court.

turn 2 : is asking if a large settlement will encourage others to file lawsuits against media companies

turn 2 : Case is a legal judgement that will take place before a judge.

turn 2 : They say the attorneys general is looking for information and they want to put a stop to it.


Unidentified Woman #5: Oh, I'm afraid my boyfriend will come back from Iraq and not like the person that he sees, just remember me and all of my quirks through text instead of through reality.

Unidentified Woman #6: I'd rather deny who I was than face my grandma not talking to me anymore.

Unidentified Woman #7: When I'm with the guys, I joke around about checking out other girls with them, but I'm not really joking because I'm gay.

Those secrets were confessed into Martina Castro's microphone. She's a producer based in San Francisco. The "Post Secret" exhibit will be on display in Northern California until April 19th. You can see some of those postcards at our blog, npr. org/daydreaming.

turn 1 : The mom is not confined to doing things one way and staying in one place.

turn 1 : The speaker keeps the happy memories of her past with her loved ones locked up inside her to deal with her grief.

turn 1 : She does not want to deal with her grandmother no longer speaking to her.

turn 1 : Mothers who have lost their children recognize and approach each other for comfort.


Not a big deal.

It wasn't bothering me, but why not treat it?That's where the trouble began.

So she didn't know the cost of the medication, right?

No. She didn't ask, and the physician assistant didn't tell. So the PA calls in the prescription to a mail-order pharmacy. The mail-order pharmacy calls Anne to say, what's your insurance?She tells them she has really good insurance, and she has a health savings account or health reimbursement account to cover all of those medical costs that her insurance doesn't cover.

turn 1 : The situation is urgent and requires immediate action.

turn 1 : Diseases are not breaking out but might begin to happen due to the situation.

turn 1 : They are worried about any negative consequences of their actions and will fix them quickly.

turn 1 : The problem is extremely hard and difficult to understand as well as constantly changing.

turn 1 : The situation worsened after trying to treat it


(Laughter).

But - so in any event, do you really want to put yourself on the side of people that cut even 3 percent from the Meals on Wheels budget?

Well, from a political standpoint, you're right. But this is the problem for whatever the not-left-of-center crew is, now that it's gotten so diverse in the era of Trump is - who's going to talk about how it works?Back to repealing Obamacare, there is a method going forward that works. It involves using tax credits to let people shop. And their choices drive down prices and create more products that they want to buy. But no one's talk about that because you're trapped in this Trump gravitational conversational field.

Well, we'll have you back. We have to cut the conversation short. Michael Graham is podcast editor for The Weekly Standard.

turn 0 : The speaker is expressing amusement at the idea of the future being here.

turn 0 : The speaker is expressing amusement at the topic being discussed.

turn 0 : on that note means speaking of which, or they are moving the discussion forward with a topic that was mentioned.

turn 0 : This turn expresses willingness to engage in the conversation.

turn 0 : (2) implies that the speaker is not enthusiastic about the topic


(Laughter).

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker is subtly suggesting that the other person is being unreasonable or unrealistic in their expectations or demands.

turn 1 : The literal meaning of turn (2) is a question asking what the speaker can add to the race that other candidates do not already have. However, the actual meaning is that the speaker is being challenged to prove their value and justify their entry into the race. The literal meaning of the turn does not reflect the underlying challenge and skepticism expressed by the speaker.

turn 1 : Actual meaning: B is challenging A's position and implying that it is morally questionable. Literal meaning: B is asking A if they want to align themselves with people who cut 3 percent from the Meals on Wheels budget.

turn 1 : Turn (2) has an actual meaning that is different from its literal meaning. The speaker is not discussing an attempt to physically move goalposts, but rather a rhetorical strategy of avoiding answering certain questions.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker's tone or choice of words may suggest that they have reservations or doubts about a particular topic or decision.


(Laughter).

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker might be implying a hidden agenda or ulterior motive behind their words, actions, or decisions, without making it explicit.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be hinting at a deeper meaning or intention behind their words or actions, which requires further investigation or understanding to fully grasp.

turn 2 : Implied meaning for turn (3): The questioner assumes that the speaker decided to support Donald Trump based on something he said, but the speaker clarifies that his decision was based on Trump's track record of job creation, as well as input from other people involved in the election.

turn 2 : Although the literal meaning of this turn is simply an acknowledgement or agreement, the implied meaning behind it is that the speaker may not be fully engaged or interested in the conversation. It could be interpreted as a way of signaling disinterest or a desire to move on to a different topic.

turn 2 : Actual meaning: A is pointing out the lack of discussion and attention given to a potential solution to a problem due to the dominance of the Trump-related discourse. Literal meaning: A is discussing a method of repealing Obamacare that involves tax credits and encourages consumer choice.


(Laughter).

turn 3 : The literal meaning of turn (4) is that B is interrupting A to introduce the radio program they are both on, "SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR," and to announce their names. However, the implied meaning is that B is politely interrupting A to take over as the host of the radio program.

turn 3 : Actual meaning: B is bringing the conversation to an end because of time constraints, but expressing interest in having A return in the future. Literal meaning: B is stating that A will be invited back and that Michael Graham is the podcast editor for The Weekly Standard.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is subtly trying to convey a sense of urgency or importance in the matter being discussed, without explicitly stating it.

turn 3 : The actual meaning of turn 3 is "Thank you for joining us and providing information on the topic."

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be hinting at a desire or need for help or support from the listener.


Can you help us chart out who has said what about whom?

Let me tell you what my friend Nell Minow said. She's a well-known critic of boards and observer of boards, and she said about the HP board: Is there something in the water, in which ostensibly smart people, time after time after time stub their toe?This time around, the CEO, Leo Apotheker, had bought this company, Autonomy, for $11 billion. Leo's been fired and they've written down eight billion of that $11 billion, partly in acknowledgment that the company was never worth what they originally said and partly because they're claiming accounting fraud, although the former CEO of Autonomy is vociferously saying it's not true. It's really unbelievable.

And this isn't the first time the lid's been lifting on HP.

No, it hasn't. You remember the pretexting scandal, where they were trying to track down leaks, the board was trying to track down who was leaking, and they pretexted phone companies to get phone records of reporters?You remember the big fight over Compaq computer where the children of the founders of HP, you know, opposed the deal and eventually had to leave the board?You remember the sex scandal involving Mark Hurd, two CEOs ago?

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker's tone and word choice suggest that they may be withholding information or expressing something indirectly, potentially due to fear of judgement or repercussions.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: Nell Minow believes the board of HP is incompetent for repeatedly making bad decisions, such as the purchase of Autonomy for $11 billion which has been written down to $8 billion.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker is subtly suggesting that the other person is being unreasonable or unrealistic in their expectations or demands.

turn 1 : In turn (2), the speaker acknowledges that people who own properties are more likely to benefit from property buyouts. However, the implied meaning is that the property buyout program may reinforce existing socioeconomic disparities, as people with more wealth are generally more often property owners. This suggests that the program may not be equally accessible to everyone, which is different from the literal meaning of the turn.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker might be implying a hidden agenda or ulterior motive behind their words, actions, or decisions, without making it explicit.


That's right.

How did the capital - how did the changes strike you since you'd been there a year ago?

A huge sense of despondency - I mean, huge humanitarian suffering, people, again, displaced from their homes - but a sense of resolve that people were committed to defending the capital against what they saw as an aggression but I think a real fear about what can come next for this country. I mean, the social fabric of this country of 6 million has been really torn apart, and it's been worsened also by foreign meddling in the country.

Foreign meddling meaning what?What's going on?

turn 2 : (3) The literal meaning of this turn is that A failed to protect others, but the actual meaning is that A was only concerned with protecting themselves.

turn 2 : The literal meaning of the turn is asking why they want to cause violence, but the implied meaning is asking why they find violence appealing or attractive.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: Do people have to keep going despite the danger in the conflict?

turn 2 : (3) The implied meaning is that there is a great sense of uncertainty and concern about what will happen next, and it's not clear whether the situation is still a political game or has escalated to military brinksmanship. The literal meaning is consistent with this implied meaning.

turn 2 : "a sense of resolve that people were committed to defending the capital against what they saw as an aggression" - The literal meaning of the sentence is that people were determined to protect the capital against a perceived act of aggression. However, the implied meaning is that people were afraid of an actual act of aggression, not just a perceived one.


Right. We should just say. . .

And. . .

. . . Four is the guy who drives this big roller that actually does the work of making the road. And Nine, the kind of party guy, is riding this four-wheeler out ahead to look for interference. It's his job to actually look around.

Yeah. But everywhere he goes, he sort of sows chaos and even though he thinks he's doing the right thing by engaging. And - but Four has been, you know, in many similar situations. And he's a veteran of this work. And so he just says, our job is to do the work - touch as few lives as possible in that way, engage as, you know, as little as possible and get out. And. . .

turn 2 : A is worried that he will face more difficulties in the upcoming games.

turn 2 : There were some personal problems, and he is trying to understand the reason behind them without being too direct.

turn 2 : He does not have many ways to solve the problems as of yet.

turn 2 : He causes chaos and trouble but he does not actually sow it

turn 2 : his magic implies he performed so skilfully and amazingly


Yes. It makes them incredibly vulnerable. I mean, being an adolescent makes you vulnerable, but being an adolescent on a mission makes you even more so because they have an idea of a life that has not yet been proven to them. And they're willing to risk everything. Their relationships with their families, their futures, their opportunities that they have not yet seen themselves in for an idea that is a romantic notion.

And teenagers have been doing this since the beginning of time. Romeo and Juliet did it. And that myth, you know, writ large over multiple cultures - teenagers are constantly throwing all their eggs in a single basket and hoping for the best. And if anything, I wanted to capture the beauty of the spirit that goes towards this and the ways in which this can disappoint.

Laleh Khadivi, her novel "A Good Country. "Thanks so much for being with us.

Thank you for having me.

turn 2 : Literal meaning: The speaker expresses gratitude to Laleh Khadivi for being present in the conversation to discuss her novel "A Good Country."

turn 2 : thanking the NPR reporter, so it does not have a different actual meaning from its literal meaning.

turn 2 : the literal and actual meanings are the same. The speakers are simply exchanging pleasantries and expressing gratitude for the conversation

turn 2 : The turn whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning is (3) where the interviewer asks the French Ambassador how frustrating the last few months were for him.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker is expressing a sense of frustration or dissatisfaction with a situation or person, without explicitly stating it.


And then if you go down river, as you get closer to Arkansas, some communities, like Braggs and Webbers Falls, have been totally emptied out. One mayor earlier this week told people that if they refuse to evacuate, they should write their identification on their arm.

Wow. I mean, it does sound as though it's just an overwhelmingly awful combination of floods and tornadoes and bad weather. What are people saying as you are out and about interviewing people and, I guess, just talking to your own neighbors?

Well, people here are well-practiced. When we went into the basement on Saturday night with a tornado warning that hit near our home, our neighbors had their medication already prepared in plastic bags to take into the basement. But this has just been every day for nearly a month. And when you constantly have warnings coming through on your cell phone for floods and tornado watches and thunderstorms, it is hard to not just shut down.

Yeah. Today, of course, is a holiday, Memorial Day. But are schools on track, businesses on track for business as usual tomorrow?

turn 0 : There is a dangerous situation happening that requires people to seek shelter and take precautions.

turn 0 : People in some communities refuse to evacuate despite being warned of floods and tornadoes.

turn 0 : The federal government relies on states to determine when to call for evacuations.

turn 0 : The situation is so dangerous that people who refuse to evacuate should identify themselves in case of death.

turn 0 : The trailer homes were severely damaged due to the tornado and people were forced to evacuate.


turn 1 : Hurricanes are becoming more dangerous due to climate change.

turn 1 : The lack of media coverage can make climate change an invisible issue for most Americans.

turn 1 : The constant weather warnings are taking an emotional toll on people.

turn 1 : (2) implies that the media environment is desperate for viewers, and so it chooses to show people yelling at each other instead of presenting the science of climate change in an informative way.


And Gina Perra(ph) in San Mateo, California sent us this. "I'm a 52-year-old white person, and this is one of my favorite shows. So if you think that this show has, quote, limited appeal, think again. Please cancel something else. "

And finally, Joe Bennett in Dallas, Texas chimed in with this. "I'm very disappointed that of all the shows that could be canceled, News & Notes was. It's the only one that is specifically addressing the concerns of African-Americans. As an American with African heritage, I think it is very important to have my issues addressed on the air waves. I'm sure that you will say that the other shows address these issues. However, I disagree in the format in which they do. More often than not, it is addressed not from the African-American perspective. "

And that's it for letters. Thank you so much for your letters and love this week. Please keep your thoughts coming over the next few months.

To write to us, just log on to npr. org and click on Contact Us. When you get there, you'll see lots of shows to choose from. Make sure you pick News & Notes when you write to us, and keep writing to us. We're here with you for three more months.

turn 1 :  "Frankly, they kind of overdo it, you know? So for blacks to support Obama, he's got to make up his mind. Is he African or American? Because he can't be both. That doesn't make sense." The literal meaning of this turn is that Obama cannot be both African and American, and that it is difficult for black people to support him. However, the actual meaning is that there is a sense of confusion and identity crisis regarding Obama's background, and that this confusion affects how some black people feel about him.

turn 1 : The speaker is asking if the listener believes in racial justice and if it is possible to achieve it. The speaker suggests that African-Americans have debated this issue for a long time, indicating that it is a complex issue.

turn 1 : when Joe Bennett says "I'm sure that you will say that the other shows address these issues. However, I disagree in the format in which they do," he implies that the other shows may address issues that affect African Americans, but not in a way that is satisfactory or effective.

turn 1 : (2) The speaker is not only referring to a specific incident but also highlighting the larger issue of racism in the country and how it affects individuals on a personal level.


The economy is humming, but we may be hearing some sputtering as well. The stock market fell 3% this past Wednesday but later made back some of those losses. While in the bond market, a key marker of a coming recession has been playing out. Now the payoff for long-term government debt fell below the yield on short-term debt. So what are we looking for when the bell rings tomorrow?Catherine Rampell writes about economics for The Washington Post, and she joins me now. Welcome.

Good to be here.

So first off, I just want a gut check from you - Wall Street ups and downs, that warning flare in the bond market, but we're also seeing strong consumer spending at the same time. What is your take on these mixed indicators?

I think the story thus far has been there are warning signs out there. Consumers have been the strong point. Up until this week, however, there was a consumer sentiment number that it was at its lowest notching since, I want to say, six or seven months. So that does suggest that consumers may be wavering a little bit. I think the bigger picture, though, is the global risks essentially. So right now, we have something, like, nine major economies around the world either currently in recession or on the verge of recession, and you could imagine that there would be contagion effects.

turn 0 : The economy is not humming but is working as it should.

turn 0 : The policies would make drastic changes for the better to the economy.

turn 0 : None found - the turn "the economy" appears to have its literal meaning as the main issue of concern.

turn 0 : The recession will not have a quick recovery

turn 0 : "state of the economy" - This turn has a figurative meaning, as it refers to the overall condition of the economy rather than a specific physical location.


Good to be here.

turn 2 : The person thinks that the good feelings have lessened a bit.

turn 2 : They are saying that at the risk of sounding like they are perfect and above others they think you have to be honest.

turn 2 : It's not a check of the gut but of the person's true opinions and feelings.

turn 2 : It's important to live in the moment rather than for posterity.


Good to be here.

turn 3 : There are not actual signs but instances that cause worry for the economy.

turn 3 : The economic situation will get worse, and it's uncertain how bad it will be.

turn 3 : There will be significant concerns in the region moving forward.

turn 3 : While the macroeconomic numbers don't indicate a recession, many people are experiencing economic hardship.

turn 3 : The economic situation is causing a significant decrease in hiring, sales, and investment.


Right.

It's untrustworthy. It's greasy. But that's a stereotype of Chinese restaurants and Asian food that reflects a lot of stereotypes about the people as well, that they're untrustworthy, that they're dirty, that you don't know if they're going to sneak dog meat into your meal, right?That sort of thing.

Exactly. And also, a lot of those stereotypes about Chinese food that we're talking about are about Americanized Chinese food. You know, like, that it's greasy or overly sweet. We're talking about dishes like lo mein, kung pao chicken, sweet and sour pork. That's not real Chinese food.

Yeah. I mean, it's food that was adapted by the people who started these restaurants, these working class Chinese immigrants, to fit the market they were in, right?When you think about Joyce Chen, for instance, who was this historic really important figure in Chinese-American cuisine, she brought Northern Chinese food to Boston, to New England. And she was often called the Julia Child of Chinese food. She called dumplings Peking ravioli to fit the market. . .

turn 3 : "It's a big, tall woman with a terrible voice. And of course, that was Julia." - The literal meaning of this turn is a description of Julia's physical appearance and voice, but the actual meaning is that A is identifying Julia as the woman they were discussing earlier.

turn 3 : The bond between Cassie and Julia is strong and special, even though they grow apart in middle school.

turn 3 : She believes that child actors are like cattle to be used by others.

turn 3 : has a figurative meaning, as it is implying a joke about the idea of Dame Stella turning her experiences into a novel.

turn 3 : she is often called the julia child means that she is the most famous chef


It was pretty openly reported over these past couple of years that Secretary Mattis, General Kelly and Secretary of State Tillerson had a kind of working agreement not to leave President Trump on his own with major decisions. Was this always a little unworkable and even patronizing?I mean, Donald Trump was elected president, after all.

I would be astonished if that rumor were true because that would be an act of real unprofessionalism on all three of their parts. And I think all three of them are more professional than to have engaged in that. Moreover, as the history of it played out, it wasn't true, right (laughter)?So. . .

Another major story that might have been overlooked in a busy week - North Korea said this week it won't denuclearize until U. S.  withdraws forces from South Korea and Japan. Do you have. . .

That has. . .

turn 0 : Despite congressional interest, the Trump administration is not listening to anyone but Donald Trump

turn 0 : Trump supported Sissi without obtaining information about the man and what he does.

turn 0 : The president may be lying about not being informed

turn 0 : General Kelly, Secretary Mattis, and Secretary Tillerson were not supportive of President Trump

turn 0 : Trump's executive order may not be achieving anything new.


So when the president says that uninsured individuals who are immigrants are a burden on the health care system, that is not the main cause of the burden of the uninsured. Most of that is citizens, so he is actually incorrect.

Absolutely. The vast majority of uninsured Americans are U. S.  citizens. That is the big challenge we have. We are obviously way more complicated here, and we're looking to make it even more complicated for people to visit the United States, potentially more expensive, and thereby discourage particularly people who are not of means from visiting the United States.

That was Anne Dunkelberg of the Center for Public Policy Priorities in Austin, Texas. Thank you so much.

Thank you, Lulu.

turn 3 : you are welcome is implied in response to Thank you very much

turn 3 : The actual meaning of turn 3 is "Thank you for joining us and providing information on the topic."

turn 3 : This is a polite way of saying thank you for the help provided.

turn 3 : THANK YOU REFERS TO THE ONE ARE THE HELP.

turn 3 : The actual meaning of turn 4 is "You are welcome and appreciated for joining us and discussing the topic."