So I ran the numbers, and the numbers do check out. As far as on Instagram, Horseshoe Bend's popularity, be it in its hashtag or in its geotag, is normally 10 times as popular as anything else in that area.

But is that really a problem?Doesn't that popularity just mean that it might not be as unique, but it's still beautiful?It's still there. People can see it.

Well, popularity is very important. The outdoor world needs more visitors and better accessibility. The difficulty with managing that side of it is that construction can have adverse effects to the natural areas if you start doing different buildings and that sort of thing on top of it, but yes.

Is this an anomaly, though, when we're talking just about Horseshoe Bend or have you seen other spaces that have changed?

turn 0 : "the numbers do check out" - this means that the numbers are correct and accurate.

turn 0 : They need to do research and find out the answer that they are looking for.

turn 0 : The numbers tossed around you indicates that the objects that you used.

turn 0 : be put right means that something should be made correct, or something should be corrected

turn 0 : "Are the numbers trustworthy?" - This does not literally mean that the speaker is questioning whether the numbers can be trusted. It implies that the speaker is skeptical about the accuracy of the numbers and is seeking clarification.


turn 2 : Popularity is important for the outdoor world, but it can have negative effects on natural areas.

turn 2 : (4) - Implied meaning: People were encouraged to enjoy the outdoors and take in the beauty of nature

turn 2 : "the outdoor world needs more visitors" - this means that more people should visit natural outdoor areas.

turn 2 : world in this context means that there is many


Well, in its basic form, it's an envelope that's been postmarked on a specific day - usually to commemorate an event - and then was signed by the crew. But why is it called an insurance cover is because it sort of served as a form of insurance. The Apollo 11 crew was the first to fly to the moon, and they didn't know if they were going to make it back. They had a meager personal insurance policy to protect their families, but to augment that they autographed these envelopes in the case that they couldn't return from the moon then their families could sell these, what would be, rare collectibles to augment whatever money they received from insurance.

And, of course, it's for a good cause in this case. It's not just that somebody needed the money.

Indeed, Rick Armstrong, one of Neil's sons, donated this to the Astronaut Scholarship Foundation so it's come somewhat full circle. The original purpose of this cover was to provide for the family and now the family is providing for the next astronauts.

And there is something that went to space, which is going to be auctioned off next week, isn't that right?

turn 0 : "but to augment that they autographed these envelopes" - The crew did not actually sign the envelopes to increase the value of their insurance policy, but rather as a way to provide their families with a means of financial support in case they did not return from the moon.

turn 0 : "big ticket items" - this is an idiom meaning important or valuable items, not actual physical tickets.

turn 0 : "dead broke" - This means that they had no money, rather than literally being physically broken or dead.

turn 0 : Armstrong was sent to a reformatory multiple times and grew up in poverty.

turn 0 : The person was not had, but was invited for the interview.


Well, you know, in my opinion, a geek is somebody who obsesses, and who tinkers and who tries to kind of take apart the world - whether that's, you know, in a literal way by disassembling things or reassembling them or in a figurative way by being a writer or a musician or something like that. And Tesla was sort of the embodiment of that. He was almost like a - sort of like a Steve Wozniak, in a way, in that he was kind of this brilliant workhorse that maybe early on was a bit naive about money. He wasn't really concerned with that. He was just concerned with seeing what he could do to the world and how he could change it.

And didn't quite get the same glory as Edison.

He did not, no. He was - he wasn't great at marketing himself, and he wasn't great at making money. He was brilliant. He was a genius, but he was not a businessman.

What does this site look like, this old lab of his?Are there things lying around like his tools, or a half-eaten bag of chips or something that could be auctioned off?

turn 0 : All the turns in this conversation appear to have their literal meanings, and there are no metaphors, figurative language or idioms used.

turn 0 : the big picture means the main idea, or what the whole truth is

turn 0 : urn: "take apart the world" Actual meaning: To understand or analyze the world in a deep and comprehensive way.

turn 0 : A civilization that has become unknown to other civilizations over the years.

turn 0 : The turn (1) "holding our neighbors hostage and making them watch 10,000 slides from our family vacation" is an example of figurative language and its actual meaning is not literal. The speaker is using exaggeration to emphasize how people have always had a desire to share their experiences with others, even if it means subjecting them to boring slideshows.


turn 1 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer

turn 1 : as it is the only turn with an implied meaning different from its literal meaning.

turn 1 : the turns whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings. By saying "you're not one of these people that thinks I'm young and strong and nothing will happen"

turn 1 : NOTHING IS NOT GOOD.SO IT WAS A VERY MEANING FULL

turn 1 : Turn: "didn't quite get the same glory" Actual meaning: Did not receive the same recognition or fame.


Are there any good reasons to use this?

There is a separate group here working on storing data in DNA. It turns out that DNA is really robust for long-term storage, whereas, you know, hard drives may die after a few years. You can conceivably store data in DNA for hundreds or thousands of years. And as long as life continues to be based on DNA, we'll always have a reason to read and write DNA. So it's sort of a technology that won't go obsolete.

So, I mean, we underscored the aspect of some kind of mischief or outright miscreants. But I wonder, you know, a few years from now, instead of having hard drives or storage systems, will people just carry around that information in themselves, in their DNA?

I'm not sure that people will carry around that information within them. But I do believe people will start using DNA for sort of long-term storage. So accessing data from DNA and putting data into DNA is a pretty slow process. And so you'll want to, you know, archive photos in there and things like that. But you won't want to use it for your day-to-day tasks, at least not for the foreseeable future.

turn 0 : The biological threat to the country is a serious concern due to the availability of DNA synthesizers and dual-use technology

turn 0 : The question suggests that the use of DNA for data storage might be beneficial.

turn 0 : Stem cells are more stable and safe than cells but can become any cell type

turn 0 : RNA viruses are a high risk for disease scientists.


Are there any good reasons to use this?

turn 1 : In turn (2), the literal meaning is a straightforward question about the cost of DNA embedding. However, the implied meaning is that the cost of DNA embedding may be high or prohibitive, and the question is intended to confirm this suspicion.

turn 1 : ) Implied meaning: DNA is a reliable storage option for long-term archiving of data

turn 1 : The biological threat to the country is a serious concern due to the availability of DNA synthesizers and dual-use technology

turn 1 : "maintain cells as in cryogenics" - This implies the possibility of preserving cells through cryogenic freezing for future use, rather than just storing them for research purposes.

turn 1 : implying that there are ethical and moral considerations to be taken into account when conducting CRISPR research


Are there any good reasons to use this?

turn 2 :  Implied meaning: Will people use DNA to store data instead of hard drives in the future?

turn 2 : The biological threat to the country is a serious concern due to the availability of DNA synthesizers and dual-use technology

turn 2 : In turn (2), the literal meaning is a straightforward question about the cost of DNA embedding. However, the implied meaning is that the cost of DNA embedding may be high or prohibitive, and the question is intended to confirm this suspicion.

turn 2 : The development could have a significant impact on drug storage.


Are there any good reasons to use this?

turn 3 : Implied meaning: DNA may not be suitable for carrying out everyday tasks due to its slow processing speed.

turn 3 : There are so many genes that it is difficult to determine which ones are important

turn 3 : The literal meaning of this sentence is that it is still early in the development of CRISPR-based treatments. However, the implied meaning is that it is still too soon to tell if these treatments will be successful.

turn 3 : The speaker is emphasizing that any potential genetic effects found in their study are insignificant compared to the overwhelming impact of human activities on the environment.

turn 3 : The potential consequences of genetic engineering could be extreme and far-reaching.


Are there any good reasons to use this?

turn 3 : The speaker is implying that new information has been revealed regarding the missing brains.

turn 3 :  the speaker is suggesting that steganography and encryption are similar and related, rather than literally saying that they are "close cousins".

turn 3 : The speaker is hinting at the possibility of using DNA as a storage system for personal data in the future, instead of relying on hard drives and other storage systems.

turn 3 : The biological threat to the country is a serious concern due to the availability of DNA synthesizers and dual-use technology

turn 3 : The implication of this statement is that the scientific community needs to come together and use their collective power to push for change.


This story starts in 2005. That October, 21-year-old Army Sgt. Erik Schei was shot in the head during his second tour in Iraq. The bullet shattered the top half of his skull; and his parents, Christine and Gordon, have been his primary caregivers for the past eight years. At StoryCorps, they remembered finding out about their son's injury.

I remember hearing the phone ring really, really early in the morning. It must have been 4, 4:30. And I saw you white as a sheet, shaking - all over your body - and I just said, is it about Erik?And you said, yes. And I said, is he dead?And you said, no. And I said, is he OK?And you shook your head.

Do you remember seeing him for the first time in the hospital?

turn 2 : The actual meaning is different from the literal meaning in turn (3). When A says "these are a very tall or short people. A one-eyed sniper was one person that he referred to," they are not literally referring to people who are only tall or short or have one eye. Rather, they are using these descriptions as a way to suggest that the volunteers mentioned by the separatist commander are unconventional and perhaps not what one would expect to see in a typical military unit.

turn 2 : Implies that the judge believes that the shooting was done out of self-defense, even though others may say differently.

turn 2 : (3): "It was a sniper that hit him. And it entered above his right ear and exited above his left." The literal meaning of this turn is that Sgt. Erik Schei was shot by a sniper, and the bullet entered and exited his head from above his right ear and left side of his head, respectively. However, the implied meaning is that the injury sustained by Sgt. Erik Schei was severe, life-threatening, and life-altering for him and his family.

turn 2 : : "Yup. Much like Martin Luther King, he had his young life cut short by gunfire from a white assassin." Implied meaning: "The person being discussed was a prominent figure in the fight for equality, and was assassinated for his beliefs."

turn 2 : The turn "Literally, I went to the scene of the crime" is meant to be taken at face value as a statement about the speaker physically going to the location where a crime was committed. There is no figurative or non-literal meaning to this turn.


Oh, it's inspiring always. This is one of the reasons why I wanted this book to come into the world. It's because, you know, there are so many brilliant writers now being forgotten. There's so many brilliant writers - contemporary writers who have not been given the platform they deserve. And the literary world is not zero sum, even though sometimes we are led to believe that it is. There's enough attention and enough love for everyone.

And I think that it's all of our duty, if we are given a certain amount of privilege, to say to readers, hey, look at this person you may not know. Please read this exquisite story, and I hope you will love Nancy Hale as much as I do. I hope you'll love other contemporary writers as much as I do.

That is the author Lauren Groff talking about the new book "Where The Light Falls: Selected Stories Of Nancy Hale. "

Lauren Groff, thanks so much. It was great to talk to you.

turn 0 : She hopes people find a way to read the book that she has written.

turn 0 : She wanted the book to be written for the world to read. Many writers do not have their work published on a large enough scale for a large number of people to read it.  The literary world is the people that work in writing and publishing written work.

turn 0 : The success came quickly with one book after writing for many years.

turn 0 : It means the poems that the author has read, not the author herself.


And those in dissent, which were Ginsburg, Sotomayor and Elena Kagan, what did they say?

They pointed out that for about 400,000 voters, they would have to make a three-hour round-trip to get the kind of ID that they needed, that the state would except; for example, a Veterans Affairs ID or a four-year college ID. And in the end, wrote Justice Ginsburg for the three. The greatest threat to public confidence in this case is the prospect of enforcing a discriminatory law, one that likely imposes an unconstitutional poll tax and risks denying the right to vote to hundreds of thousands of eligible voters. So that's what they said in the end; that they would have blocked this voter ID law from going into effect.

So an important decision, but an even more important one ahead at some point.

That's exactly right. This is a big deal for this election, a stinging rebuke to the Obama administration, which really had sought to block the Texas law from going into effect. But it doesn't mean they're going to lose ultimately.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker's use of sarcasm or irony suggests that they hold a different opinion or belief than what they are expressing explicitly.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using a sarcastic or ironic tone to convey their true feelings or opinions about the situation, without explicitly stating them.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using sarcasm or irony to convey a different meaning than what is being explicitly stated.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using humor or sarcasm to make a point or convey a message in a lighthearted way.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker's use of a certain word or phrase may have a hidden connotation or subtext that is meant to convey a particular idea or message, such as irony or euphemism.


Yeah, I've got a book going on, and I'm trying to work on some animation stuff. And, you know, and I don't need a crowd-funding campaign to do most of that stuff. It's just me and a couple cups of coffee at home on the computer. So I'm fairly low-budget with my needs at the moment.

Tell me a little bit about this book before we let you go. It's "How to Tell if Your Cat is Plotting to Kill You"?

Yeah. It's basically a collection of funny cat comics ranging from how to tell if your cat thinks it's a mountain lion. There is another one that will show ways to identify if your cat is a raging homosexual. So it's this kind of a mixed bag of weird cat. . .

News you can use, in other words.

turn 0 : Artists need to make mistakes to create something great.

turn 0 : A does not require much money to work on his book and animation

turn 0 : The husband's project is more important than the narrator's project.

turn 0 : A implies that he wants to show the consequences of breaking the law, even for the main character, despite doing it for the right reasons.


News you can use, in other words.

turn 2 : The content of the book is humorous and not meant to be taken seriously.

turn 2 : This implies that the book has potential benefits over time, but it may not have widespread appeal and may only appeal to a small or specific audience.

turn 2 : The turn "Laughter" is not meant to indicate that someone is actually laughing but rather to acknowledge the humorous nature of the story being told.

turn 2 : The speaker is implying that the initial positive buzz surrounding the book was overshadowed by the negative review and the controversy that followed.

turn 2 : In turn (3), the speaker implies that the same forces that are affecting newspapers are also affecting books, and that books may be perceived as archaic except as a form of entertainment.


Right, right.

. . . these invisible energies, these kind of cosmic influences and attractions and repulsions. So the notion was that the seed contained - you know, was pulled by the sun to drive up a clock. The seed was embedded in a cork in a tub of water, and it was shown, in certain cases, you know, to, when he displayed it, to - no matter which way, whatever you did with the cork, it would go right back and display the accurate time.

Wow.

But it was really a parlor trick because there was also a magnet embedded in the cork. And so if he had enough time beforehand to set this parlor trick up, before people arrived to see it, he would figure out, relative to magnetic north, where the sun would be, and he would set it up so that it would always show the correct time.

turn 2 : The trick was not really performed in a parlour - it is simply a saying that means that there was more to what was happening than people could easily see

turn 2 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer

turn 2 : laying it out implies that it was explained to others

turn 2 : The key point is made to make people want to learn more about what happened.

turn 2 : behind the scenes - to see the inner workings of things


Chris Scheuerman knew that his son was having troubles coping with combat. In March of 2005 while Jason was on leave, he told his father he was scared. Chris Scheuerman told him that was natural, and before leaving him at the airport for his return to Iraq, he reminded Jason to seek help if he was feeling depressed. A month later, after putting a rifle in his mouth, Jason visited an Army chaplain. A few weeks after that, Jason was evaluated by an Army psychologist.

He told me that the psychologist had given him a standardized test and talked to him for about 10 minutes. And after that evaluation, he sent a note back to the command stating that Jason was capable of feigning his illness in order to manipulate his command. That assessment brought much hardship down on my son, and this is after this unit had seen Jason with the muzzle of his weapon in his mouth and did nothing. This is a unit in which a chaplain writes he believed my son to be possessed by demons and obsessed with suicide, and did nothing. On the day that Jason took his life, he was given an Article 15, which in the military, is a non-judicial punishment. They gave him that for being out of uniform. During those proceedings, his first sergeant told him that if he was faking his illness, then he would go to jail and become someone's butt buddy, and Jason talks to that statement in his suicide note.

What does he say?

Basically, paraphrasing it, he speaks that life is not worth living if all he has looked forward to is being in jail and being someone's butt buddy.

turn 1 : Butt Buddy is a derogatory remark and not a term for an actual friend

turn 1 : gained the friendship implies making connection and meeting new people

turn 1 :  friendly.the speaker is implying that they are trying to manipulate the personality of someone to make it more

turn 1 : A women should not associate with a women expect as a friend

turn 1 : his is an idiomatic expression that refers to a conversation or discussion, rather than a literal act of talking with someone.


What does he say?

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using a sarcastic or ironic tone to convey their true feelings or opinions about the situation, without explicitly stating them.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is expressing disapproval or criticism towards the listener or a third party, but doing so indirectly or politely.

turn 3 :  friendly.the speaker is implying that they are trying to manipulate the personality of someone to make it more

turn 3 : (4) implies that the speaker is being sarcastic or making a joke in response to the other person's comment.

turn 3 : Butt Buddy is a derogatory remark and not a term for an actual friend


Lu was raised in North Carolina as a Jehovah's Witness. When she was 18, she broke with her religion and left home to study cello. On her debut album "Blood," she explores those decisions. She started by writing about the people she left behind - her parents - in the song "Rebel. "

A lot of my parents' life are going to reveal to me later on in my own life. And in the making of this record, I feel I was doing a lot of reflecting on home and on my relationship. . .

Yeah.

. . . With them and the life that your parents lived before they're your parents.

turn 0 : Lu's decision to leave her religion and family is explored in her debut album 'Blood'.

turn 0 : came out implies she revealed publicly that she is gay

turn 0 : The new music coming out of Atlanta is building on the past and pushing boundaries.

turn 0 : B is still focused on the current project and has not thought about the next album yet.

turn 0 : A is unhappy that their music is not receiving as much attention as other artists.2. B is trying to console A by mentioning that they have received praise from Vibe Magazine.


General, do you have to worry about the possibility that even in, at least what so far seems to be uncontested conflict - if that's quite the term of art, I mean, in the air - that some technical problem could bring an F-22 down and then the Syrians or ISIL would have it and give it to the Chinese?

Fortunately, we have a fairly - really reliable aircraft. And so that is an event that would be exceedingly rare. However. . .

It happened to a stealth. I think we all recall that.

Yeah, but those kind of things are very rare when you look at the total number of sorties and missions that we've flown over the last, you know, 25 years.

turn 3 : . The implied meaning of (4) is that the General is downplaying the possibility of a technical problem, despite the fact that a stealth fighter did crash in the past.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be suggesting that there are some hidden or unknown factors that could influence the situation being discussed.

turn 3 : This is implying that the speaker is asking for advice or suggestions on how to protect oneself from such attacks in the future, rather than just a quick summary of the issue.

turn 3 : (4) has an implied meaning different from its literal meaning. The speaker is describing the attack on the military base mentioned in (3). The attack was swift and professional, designed to minimize casualties. The fact that an ambulance followed the tank that crashed open the gate implies that the Russians were prepared for possible injuries or casualties, and were taking steps to minimize them.

turn 3 : The actual meaning of (3) is that many people wrongly assume that suspects will remain silent when questioned, when in fact they rarely do.


Good morning.

So why do you think the jury could not make a unanimous decision?

Well, obviously, it was - there was a split. We don't know what the split was because, apparently, that's confidential under Pennsylvania law. But, you know, who knows?Even though jurors are not supposed to speak about other jurors, that may end up leaking out.

The prosecution did not prove their case beyond a reasonable doubt. On the other hand, the defense also did not get an acquittal. And so this case is going to be tried again. I did represent one - the other accuser who was permitted to testify, Kelly Johnson. And I admire both Kelly and Andrea for their courage in testifying in such a high-profile case. And I've said, you know, we can never underestimate the blinding power of celebrity, but justice will come.

turn 2 : "you know" is used as a filler phrase and does not add any literal meaning to the sentence

turn 2 : "But, you know, who knows?" - The literal meaning of this turn is simply acknowledging the uncertainty of the situation. The implied meaning, however, could be interpreted as a sarcastic remark indicating the speaker's lack of faith in the legal system's ability to keep information confidential.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker is indirectly suggesting that they have personal experience or knowledge related to the topic being discussed, and are subtly trying to convey their expertise without appearing arrogant.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker has some reservations or doubts about the situation being discussed.


The people in Somalia are suffering in a tremendous way. Actually, last month, the International Red Cross said that the fighting in Somalia that's going on now is the worst in 15 years. The government, the transitional government that was put into power with the help of U. S.  and Ethiopian invasion about 15 months ago has controlled nearly none of the country. They control a small of Mogadishu. The rest of the country is literally falling apart around it.

There is also, actually, in the last month alone 40,000 people had fled the capital. These are urban dwellers who are now literally camped out at roadsides, trying to get U. N. -staffed displacement camps, but really relying on international community for their most basic need. It's a really, really dire situation for the people of Somalia.

What's going to happen with some of these relief organizations?Will they be able to continue to operate in this climate?

We feel for the last 12 months that a couple of things have happen. Several of these organizations have actually put out of the country, organizations like Oxfam, World Division - organizations that are usually are, in times of crisis, the best and both trained do this kind of work. They had because they're worried for the safety of their staff pulled out.

turn 3 : when A says "You know, you want to make a right out of nowhere," they are not talking about a physical right turn while driving. Here, "make a right out of nowhere" implies taking an unexpected or unconventional action without a clear plan or prior indication. It suggests being spontaneous or inventive in finding a solution or approach.

turn 3 : The literal meaning of the turn is to ask what role the United States can play in trying to combat human trafficking. The implied meaning is to ask what role the United States should play in trying to combat human trafficking.

turn 3 : (4) Implied meaning: The speaker is not afraid of going out of their apartment; instead, they are motivated by their desire to bring positivity to their community and recognize the potential of the people in poverty-stricken neighborhoods.

turn 3 : The turn whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning is (4) "He said to the sailors who were with him, he said, you men are young.I've lived the major part of my life; I'm willing to go."

turn 3 :  "put out of the country" in turn (4) is an idiom that means "to force someone to leave a place or country", which is different from its literal meaning.


That's essentially what it is, except the other person will never know that you put their name down unless they also put your name down.

OK.

I mean, I make fun of it. I'm probably still going to use it, right?OK (laughter)?

So - well, to that end, though, what kind of feedback are you hearing about this so far from the other countries where it rolled out?And I know it just started here, but - so what are you hearing so far?

turn 3 : The person wants to know what other countries thought about it once it started.

turn 3 : They need the countries to realize this is the way things should be done in other countries.

turn 3 : It tells about developed our nation and innovoted lot of things

turn 3 : They were in the middle of the highest tensions between the two countries.

turn 3 : implies asking for an opinion on Russia's ambitions.


…of the entire family. And you've got the ability to sit from that distance and observe natural behavior.

You know, there have been stories written about park rangers and others who have very strong personal connections to these animals. I know that some of them have named them. How does that come about?

Well, the park rangers, in my opinion, are the real heroes of mountain gorilla conservation. They are the guys who are out on a day-to-day basis, doing the work of conservation. And in the case of D. R. C. , they are risking their lives. We probably have lost 120 to 150 guards over the last 15 years in the Congo. And I think it indicates the kind of courage that these guys have, putting their life on the line, protecting animals that they have worked with on a day-to-day basis or, in some cases, decades.

Are there other animals that are also endangered in that area, especially as a result of the finding, in addition to the gorilla?

turn 1 : The speaker is implying that some law enforcement professionals may be resistant to gathering and analyzing data on animal abuse because they view it as an added bureaucratic burden. This suggests that the speaker believes that some law enforcement officials may be unwilling to take the issue of animal abuse seriously or prioritize it as a potential indicator of violent behavior.

turn 1 : In the conversation, B asks how park rangers develop strong personal connections with animals and how they end up naming them. The literal meaning of B's question is straightforward, but the implied meaning is more complex. B may be suggesting that personal connections with animals are unethical, unprofessional, or undermine the objectivity necessary for conservation efforts. Additionally, B may be asking whether the park rangers' personal connections with animals complicate conservation efforts or make it more difficult to do their jobs.

turn 1 : Asking if the Animals of Improbable Research were mentioned even though they were not explicitly mentioned.

turn 1 : The speaker is suggesting that, similar to the evolution of laws and attitudes towards domestic violence, there needs to be a similar shift in the understanding and treatment of animal abuse. This implies that the speaker believes that animal abuse should be taken seriously and treated as a potential indicator of violent behavior, and that there needs to be a comprehensive effort involving legislators, law enforcement, prosecutors, and judges to address this issue.


turn 2 : The actual meaning is different from the literal meaning in turn (3). When A says "these are a very tall or short people. A one-eyed sniper was one person that he referred to," they are not literally referring to people who are only tall or short or have one eye. Rather, they are using these descriptions as a way to suggest that the volunteers mentioned by the separatist commander are unconventional and perhaps not what one would expect to see in a typical military unit.

turn 2 : In the literal sense, (3) describes park rangers as individuals who work in the conservation of mountain gorillas, and who risk their lives for that purpose. However, the implied meaning of (3) is that park rangers are selfless heroes who are dedicated to their work, even if it means putting their lives at risk.

turn 2 :  The actual meaning of this turn is that professional athletes should take advantage of the opportunities they have and make the most of them, because they may not get the same opportunity again.

turn 2 : the turns whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings. By saying "you're not one of these people that thinks I'm young and strong and nothing will happen"

turn 2 : The literal meaning of (3) is a simple expression of agreement, while the implied meaning is that the speaker is amazed by the story of Steve Dalkowski's feats.


It turned into sand. We're going to stick with that.

(Laughter).

We atomized the entire thing.

So you get a sense of how this whole thing is going. Obviously, we should then inject alcohol into the situation. For his new show, Brad spent some time around Austin, Texas. So to cap off the visit, we made a cocktail - a paloma made out of a spirit called sotol, distilled from a plant that grows in the Texas desert.

turn 3 : The literal meaning is that the listener doubts that they would tire of hearing from the speaker. The actual meaning is that the listener is being polite and respectful towards the speaker.

turn 3 : the literal and actual meanings are the same. The speakers are simply exchanging pleasantries and expressing gratitude for the conversation

turn 3 :  implies that the interlocutor agrees with the previous statement and is encouraging the speaker to continue talking.

turn 3 : So you get a sense of how this whole thing is going. - This implies that the speaker wants the listener to understand the context and overall direction of the conversation.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is subtly trying to convey a sense of urgency or importance in the matter being discussed, without explicitly stating it.


And the president said today that he wants even more tariffs on China. Would it be fair to assume that China might retaliate, and, if so, how?

Yeah. I mean, the president has ordered his staff to draw up paperwork to put tariffs on, you know, another $300 billion in imports, which would mean there would be there tariffs on just about everything China sells to the U. S.  - I mean, clothes, furniture, food products, machinery, you know, intermediate goods that go into manufacturing. And China has said it will retaliate with tariffs of its own. So this would reach really far into the economies of both countries. Just about everything brought into the United States would have this extra cost tacked onto it. These - you know, these are the two largest economies in the world, so this will be a huge deal, both for these countries and for the global economy.

So what do we think will happen if they can't resolve their differences?

You know, who knows?There are some big issues on the table right now. We really can't gloss over them. At the same time, there is a certain amount of posturing going on. You know, President Trump considers himself, you know, a dealmaker. So you have to ask how much of this is just a kind of a negotiating ploy, just posturing. Because both countries are - at the same time they're saying all this, they're also saying the talks will continue.

turn 3 : Let's focus on the areas of agreement before discussing divisive issues.

turn 3 : There will be significant concerns in the region moving forward.

turn 3 : Implies that the speaker would like to see further reforms beyond what is suggested by Speaker Ryan.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: Is there any indication of what will happen next in the conflict?

turn 3 : several big issues are being discussed and negotiated at the same time


So if there is somebody out there listening, and I'm sure there are people who are over 70 or over 80, and who have thought, well, I'd like to go back and pick up that extra degree and - but I don't know if it's practical, why would you tell them that it's something that's good to do?

First thing, why would it not be practical?If it's something someone wants and something they had missed all of their lives, and they know as they're getting older that they're getting closer to the end of the line, it is something they want to do before they pass on. You know, you didn't come here to stay and you will perish. So if that's the last thing you wanted to do, then I should do it. But first, I want to remind you that you must have good health, you must have good stamina and the interest has to be there. If the interest is not there, forget about it; you're wasting your time.

And as far as health goes, what's your best advice for how to stay healthy?

First, I would like to say I have never had a headache in my life. I don't take no medications for nothing. All my vital signs are good. You have to pay attention to what you eat, not eat too much fat, watch your salt intake, watch your alcohol intake, stay away from drugs and smoking.

turn 1 : the turns whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings. By saying "you're not one of these people that thinks I'm young and strong and nothing will happen"

turn 1 : All the turns in this conversation appear to have their literal meanings, and there are no metaphors, figurative language or idioms used.

turn 1 : The implied meaning is that the demise of all people on earth is not a reason to be optimistic.

turn 1 : None of the turns in this conversation have a figurative or non-literal meaning.

turn 1 : "You didn't come here to stay and you will perish." - This turn is a figurative expression and means that we all have a limited time on earth and will eventually die. It does not have a literal meaning.


turn 3 : when something is a headache in this context it means its annoying

turn 3 :  "I have never had a headache in my life." - This turn is hyperbolic and exaggerates the speaker's lack of experience with headaches. It is unlikely to be literally true for most people.

turn 3 :  (4) implies that the speaker is facing a difficult living situation.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using humor or sarcasm to make a point or convey a message in a lighthearted way.


Hi, Lulu. Thanks for having me.

So Bashar al-Assad, the president, it seems has prevailed with Russian and Iranian support. Only one major rebel area remains. Has he won?

Well, it depends how you define victory. He has, for the moment, won the right to stay. And it does seem like the world, in many ways, wants to sort of normalize his presence. But I think it's pretty clear that it's not a victory of any real kind.

And the damage that has been done and that has been wrought does not appear to be facing any kind of true reconciliation or any kind of true reckoning. There's a lack of justice. There's a lack of accountability. And there's the presence of an incredible amount of impunity.

Well, take me into Syria. What are people feeling there now after these eight long years?

turn 0 : The conversation was private and sealed, so it's unclear what was discussed.

turn 0 : The person is thinking of a particular person but they are not going to say who.

turn 0 : The meeting was polite but not necessarily friendly.

turn 0 : The person was not had, but was invited for the interview.

turn 0 : ("Thanks for having me, Scott.") is a polite expression used to thank the interviewer for the invitation to appear on the show, even though the interviewer did not actually "have" the guest in any literal sense.


Hi, Lulu. Thanks for having me.

turn 4 : The person was not actually taken to Syria, they were just told what was going on there.

turn 4 : He does not go into Syria, just told what is happening there.

turn 4 : Not all citizens from Syria will be accepted back.

turn 4 : The literal meaning of this turn is that the ICRC should do more about Syria, but the implied meaning is that some people might find this conversation interesting, but they may ask why the ICRC is not doing more to help with the situation in Syria.


You do think it's a violation of the United Nations sanctions.

It does seem to me. The more we see, for example, the fighter aircraft, the MiG, it's clearly a violation.

What do you think is really going on here?Is there more to this than what we've seen?

There could be. You know, they're still searching the ship and all the containers. As you know, initially, the intelligence that the Panamanian government received was that the ship was carrying drugs. And so, if in fact, they continue searching and they find drugs in the ship, people will make an immediate connection that the Cubans were involved in illicit trafficking. And that could be a real game-changer, particular as it relates to relations to the United States and even relationships with the rest of Latin America.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is hinting at a deeper or hidden motive or intention behind their actions or words.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is hinting at something they want or need, but they don't want to ask for it directly.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is subtly trying to convey a sense of urgency or importance in the matter being discussed, without explicitly stating it.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be hinting at a desire or need for help or support from the listener.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is expressing disapproval or criticism towards the listener or a third party, but doing so indirectly or politely.


And so the last of this accretion events formed the moon, because accretion, when you have giant planets the size of Mars and Earth hitting each other, it's a pretty messy phenomenon.

But based on news this week, it sounds like that may not be the best theory.

Well, you know, the devil gets down to the details, and when you push these models forward, they start to come apart, and that's kind of the fun thing about science is you're sort of grasping at things, and they - sometimes you get them and hold them in your hand for a while, and they slip away like a fish.

Here we had this notion - and the reason this is so exciting right now is that starting in, you know, the mid-1970s, these sort of back-of-the-envelope calculations said hey, you know, we think planets formed this way, by collisions. We think we can explain the spin of the Earth, which is actually pretty fast if you add in the spin of the moon to the spin of the Earth, you know, that moon's orbiting the Earth, and if you think of it as one single planet, and if you brought all that mass together into one place, it would be equivalent to the Earth spinning with a period of only five hours, so much faster than it is today.

turn 1 : The moon was formed from the Earth's mantle.

turn 1 : The current theory about the formation of the moon might not be accurate

turn 1 : The moon was once a part of the Earth.

turn 1 : We're slowing down but transferring spin to the moon.


turn 3 : The accretion theory is interesting and exciting but may not be entirely accurate.

turn 3 : something that was hinted at or suggested, but not directly stated.

turn 3 : Despite being unified there are many roads to go forward to in order to find their goal to reach.

turn 3 : It's a high level concept but it's exaggeration to say that it's fictional.

turn 3 : The movement to get kids to do math is becoming known and done by a large amount of people.


I don't know. I mean, you know, what two-state solution are we talking about?You know, with all these Israeli settlements, with the annexation, with the actions that Israel has taken on a daily basis in Jerusalem, I don't know if the two-state solution is still viable, to be honest with you.

What does this part of the West Bank mean to Palestinians?Can you just paint a portrait of this area for us?

Well, the Jordan Valley has many, many significant aspects. First, it's religious - the Mount of Temptation in my hometown of Jericho where Jesus fasted for 40 days against the temptation of the devil. And the Jordan Valley is the breadbasket of the West Bank and of what would be a future Palestinian state. It's also strategic. It's on the border with Jordan, and it's the only outlet for the Palestinians to the outside world other than Israeli airport and ports.

Right. You mentioned its strategic value. I mean, Israel has been saying all along that, eventually, they would get this strip as part of any peace deal anyway because they need a strategic buffer between Israel and the rest of the Middle East so, say, like, weapons can be passed through. Shouldn't Israel be concerned about securing a buffer?

turn 0 : They are not painting but describing the man in a certain way.

turn 0 : paint a portrait means that they are asking for an explanation of the area in this context.

turn 0 : B is implying that the painting is so large that it's difficult to picture how it looks, not that it's physically impossible for A to imagine it. B is also implying that A may have thought it was important for the public to see the painting because of its size, not necessarily because of its significance.

turn 0 : when something is made clear in this context it means that it is explained so people understand


Unfortunately, under the rule, no.

Robert Strassburger, vice president for vehicle safety at the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers.

The sound to be emitted really has to be instantly recognizable as a motor vehicle in operation.

Mr.  Strassburger worked with the National Federation of the Blind to develop the rules. At first, he says, he told them, but we've worked for 30 years to make cars quiet.

turn 0 : A is not actually answering the question directly

turn 0 : The behavior was unacceptable to what the people would accept.

turn 0 : A's response implies that the rule does not allow for the requested action.

turn 0 : you imply that something is the case

turn 0 : The decision was not something that was given up by one side.


Unfortunately, under the rule, no.

turn 2 : A's statement suggests that the sound must be recognizable as a motor vehicle in operation, not just any sound.

turn 2 : (3) implies that the speaker wants to know what the speaker observed,

turn 2 : The speaker believes that the auto industry will not vanish despite the current situation

turn 2 : Implies that the speaker wants to know if the engine has been started and is running.

turn 2 : The speaker is not actually hearing the sound of planes, but is describing a past experience.


Absolutely. And I think, honestly, it would drive more people away from some of these systems except that, in a couple of these cities, a lot of the folks who ride the subway - that really is the only option. If you're in New York or even in parts of downtown Boston or parts of downtown Chicago, switching over to driving is extremely expensive.

And it also gets in the way of what's an important but also largely overlooked role of public transit in the United States, which is that it's an important social service. Particularly once you get outside of the New York cities and Bostons of the world, transit riders are disproportionately low-income. And this is a way that we move around people who can't afford the typical way of moving around for an American, which is owning a private automobile.

Yeah. Any one or two things you'd like to recommend, professor?

If we look to some other countries, you know - and London is a good example. London has been - has really been dramatically working to upgrade its own system, which is as old - actually, older than New York's. One thing London did that I think, ultimately, a lot of American cities are going to have to at least wrestle with is that they started charging drivers for the congestion they cause.

turn 0 : There is a serious need for public transportation in the region.

turn 0 : They  are implying cities need better public transit

turn 0 : The implied meaning of the first turn is that people have become apathetic to the problems facing the city and are not taking action.

turn 0 : The protest will be disruptive and cause inconvenience to the city


No, I was never asked. But I did offer in a made-for-TV. No, just kidding (laughter).

Even if you're not helping to prepare Hillary Clinton for the debate, would you give her any advice on how to - if I might put it this way - provoke Donald Trump?

Oh yeah, that's easy. Yeah, I mean, look, Donald Trump has got unlimited number of insecurities. But the No. 1 one thing, I would say, is his insecurity with his intellect. There's a reason why he always refers to where he went to college and, you know, that I'm a smart person.

You know, it may be narcissism. But I think it really reflects an insecurity. And if I was in a debate against him, I wouldn't do it all the time. But I'd pick my spots just to smile and shake my head, you know, and make sure he sees it because that will drive him nuts because it'll be just a passive-aggressive way to question his intellect.

turn 2 : This statement implies that President Trump is skeptical of the CIA's findings and is seeking irrefutable evidence before taking action.

turn 2 : (3) Suggests that Donald Trump is insecure about his intelligence.

turn 2 : A suggests that Trump's behavior is predictable in certain ways.

turn 2 : This implies that people are already curious to know how A intends to defeat Trump.


turn 3 : This implies that people are already curious to know how A intends to defeat Trump.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is hinting at a deeper or hidden motive or intention behind their actions or words.

turn 3 : (4) Indicates that the speaker would use passive-aggressive tactics to undermine Donald Trump's confidence.

turn 3 : (4) Implied meaning: It is ironic that Donald Trump is accusing the political "chattering class" of rigging the election when both parties are part of the same class.

turn 3 : A suggests that Trump's behavior is predictable in certain ways.


Right. We should mention that Purdue Pharma agreed back in March to pay - I think it was 270 million and settle claims and avoid having to go to a trial like the one you've been sitting in on today.

Correct.

So to focus on Johnson & Johnson's role, I wasn't even aware that they manufactured opioid painkillers. What are the products under scrutiny at this trial?

Yeah, so it's interesting. There's actually two separate businesses that they're looking at from the company. The first is that they actually owned two businesses that they sold by 2016 that processed Tasmanian poppies into narcotic raw materials. And then they also had a company that turned those into active pharmaceutical ingredients that they used, I believe, for their own drugs as well as other companies.

turn 2 : Johnson & Johnson's involvement in opioids was surprising.

turn 2 : The severity of the opioid crisis affects people of all backgrounds and has far-reaching consequences.

turn 2 : The impacts of opioid addiction and other diseases and deaths of despair were not fully appreciated until they were seen to have had a significant effect on the election outcome.

turn 2 : The criminal justice system is heavily involved in the opioid epidemic.


Thank you.

What's your concern?Why did you write this letter?

Of course, as I don't have to tell you, it is a fact that Chinese hackers have been accused of stealing intellectual property from U. S.  businesses and breaching U. S.  government systems. That's a concern for you, too?

turn 2 : "... it really marks the first time that they've had an equal seat at the rulemaking table since World War II." This turn has a figurative meaning, as it suggests that China sees itself as an equal player in global decision-making and wants to have a greater say in international affairs, rather than literally referring to a physical table.

turn 2 : The speaker believes that the current state of affairs in America is bleak and lacking in resources and opportunities for most people, regardless of their race.

turn 2 : (2) The speaker is not only referring to a specific incident but also highlighting the larger issue of racism in the country and how it affects individuals on a personal level.

turn 2 : This implies the level of Racial discrimination on Campuses.

turn 2 : America is an exceptional country, the best in the world. But we have our blind spots. And in our history, you'll see discrimination against Asian-Americans. We've had the Chinese Exclusion Act, Alien Land Laws and then, in World War II, we interned over 100,000 Americans who happened to be of Japanese descent. And recently, we have a number of Asian-Americans that have been arrested - indicted for alleged spying - and then having all those charges dropped. And this is a long history of discrimination. We want to make sure that this does not keep recurring.  In this turn, the actual meaning goes beyond the literal meaning of describing the history of discrimination against Asian-Americans in the United States. It implies a desire for awareness, acknowledgment, and action to prevent such discrimination from happening again in the future.


Thank you.

turn 3 : In turn (4), the implied meaning is that the Chinese Ministry of State Security is trying to take revenge for the U.S. FBI catching their spies in the U.S.

turn 3 : Of course, as I don't have to tell you, it is a fact that Chinese hackers have been accused of stealing intellectual property from U.S. businesses and breaching U.S. government systems. That's a concern for you, too?  The actual meaning of this turn is to subtly imply that the previous speaker (A) should also be concerned about the actions of Chinese hackers and their impact on U.S. businesses and government systems. It implies that the issue raised by A should not be seen in isolation but should consider the broader context of national security and potential threats.

turn 3 : It implies that there is a lot of political maneuvering happening behind the scenes in China which an average Chinese person have no knowledge about.

turn 3 : In turn (4), the literal meaning is that North Korea's nuclear capabilities are something to be reckoned with and the speaker is asking why we shouldn't be concerned about this one move. However, the actual meaning is that the speaker is asking for an explanation as to why the reassembling of the site should not be a cause for concern, despite the fact that North Korea's nuclear capabilities are usually considered a threat.

turn 3 : "China has a role in this?"  The actual meaning of this turn goes beyond the literal question. The speaker is implying that China may have some level of involvement or influence in the situation being discussed, suggesting a potential factor that contributes to the problem.


And taking off on those trade negotiations, this week's economic news was mixed. Economists, as they usually are, are divided about what might be ahead. But it's fair to say that they threw up some cautionary signals, didn't they?

You know, Saturday morning is probably not the best time to talk inverted yield curves, Scott. But. . .

That's why we're here, Ron.

(Laughter).

turn 0 : The economists spoke up and said that people should take caution in their finances.

turn 0 : None found - the turn "the economy" appears to have its literal meaning as the main issue of concern.

turn 0 : The advice we receive about spending and saving is contradictory.

turn 0 : There is a sense of panic in the financial system and central banks are the only ones willing to finance the banking sector.


This is WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. I'm Scott Simon. Secretary of State John Kerry has joined world diplomats in Geneva today in hopes of reaching an initial agreement to freeze Iran's nuclear program. His arrival suggests a deal may be within reach this weekend, but it's still not there yet. NPR's Peter Kenyon is in Geneva and joins us now. Peter, thanks so much for being with us.

Hi, Scott.

So, how do we read the tea leaves on this?The talks were supposed to finish yesterday, but now the secretary of state has flown all the way across the Atlantic to join them.

Well, it should be a positive sign, although the very latest comments from British Foreign Secretary William Hague are along the lines, well, the gaps are narrow but they're important and not easy to resolve. So, I think your point that we're not there yet is still very much in play. But I think there's also a high-level presence, which means there's a growing sense of urgency about wrapping up these talks. I mean, this is supposed to be the easy part - a six-month deal that's entirely reversible in just about every respect if something doesn't go right. So, hammering out a lasting comprehensive deal is going to be much harder than this. And if this one takes too long to negotiate, there's a fear the whole diplomatic enterprise could just collapse under pressure. We've already heard from both parties in Congress that more sanctions may come up next month if these talks fail. So, I'd say there is a feeling of some kind of a deadline. Maybe not this weekend but soon.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker is hinting at something indirectly and expects the listener to read between the lines.

turn 2 : to have a sense of something means do you understand something

turn 2 : The implied meaning of turn (2) is that the speaker was tempted to find out if it was possible for the student to access the books they mentioned.

turn 2 : The expression "read the tea leaves" is used to describe gathering subtle clues to gain an understanding of a situation. In this context, it means to interpret the events to gain an understanding of the likelihood of an agreement being reached.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be hinting at a deeper meaning or intention behind their words or actions, which requires further investigation or understanding to fully grasp.


Hi, Scott.

turn 2 : In turn (3), the phrase "read the tea leaves" is an idiomatic expression meaning to interpret or analyze a situation for signs or indications of what might happen. It implies trying to understand the current state of affairs or predict the outcome of the situation.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be hinting at something indirectly and expects the listener to understand the intended message.


Hi, Scott.

turn 3 : In turn (4), the actual meaning is that both sides are downplaying their chances of success in the debate, even though they may privately believe that they will perform better than the other side. The implied meaning is that both sides are likely overestimating their own abilities and underestimating their opponent's abilities, and that the outcome of the debate may be more uncertain than either side is willing to admit.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be suggesting that there are some hidden or unknown factors that could influence the situation being discussed.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker thinks that there is a level of ambiguity or hidden message in the turn that may not be immediately apparent, but which can be inferred or interpreted through context or other clues.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is subtly trying to convey a sense of urgency or importance in the matter being discussed, without explicitly stating it.

turn 3 : In turn (4), the statement suggests that despite the appearance of a positive sign, the comments from the British Foreign Secretary indicate that the situation is more challenging and difficult to resolve than it may seem. The literal meaning of the words may convey a positive outlook, but the implied meaning highlights the potential obstacles and complexities involved.


Well, the evidence is that the Islamic State is behind this. In addition to French President Francois Hollande saying that the attacks were the work of ISIS, the group itself claimed responsibility in an online statement a short time ago. And they say the attacks were a response to French airstrikes in Syria and that France would remain, in their words, a top target as long as it continued its current policies.

This has been independently confirmed by intelligence officials you've been able to talk to.

Well, my understanding is that officials first started to suspect ISIS was behind this late last night. There were some cellphone conversations or texts that the gunmen were exchanging while the attacks were going on. And they mentioned ISIS. And here's why that's important. You remember the Mumbai attacks in 2008 that were - those were attacks on hotels and Jewish centers and a railway station. Well, one of the ways that they traced it back to the perpetrators was by picking up phone conversations between the gunmen and their handlers in Pakistan. The information is still coming in, but it appears that something similar happened here.

turn 0 :  (2) implies that B is wondering what the latest news or developments are in the situation,

turn 0 : The speaker may be hinting at a hidden agenda. They may be suggesting that the people they are talking to are not being completely honest and may be hiding something. This could be in a business situation, where the speaker suspects that the other party is not giving them all the information they need to make an informed decision. It could also be in a personal or romantic situation, where the speaker is suggesting that the other person is not being completely honest.

turn 0 : (1) implies that the speaker wants to know what happened to the news organizations that weren't permitted in the briefing,

turn 0 : Story's still unfolding, we understand. What are you hearing?  Implicated meaning: B is acknowledging that the situation is still developing and they are aware of that. The actual meaning is that B is asking A for any updates or information they may have heard.


turn 1 :  (3) implies that B is asking A to comment on the administration's decision to prioritize the threat of ISIS over the Assad regime in Syria,

turn 1 : EXPLAINATION: (2): The implication is that French airstrikes in Syria are the cause of the attacks.

turn 1 : Although the literal meaning of this turn is simply asking for a description of the current situation, the implied meaning behind it is that the speaker is expressing frustration or confusion about the conflicting messages they have heard from President Trump regarding the removal or retention of U.S. forces in Syria. It could be interpreted as a way of questioning the credibility of the information that has been provided so far and seeking clarification or a more definitive answer.

turn 1 : "without bringing up Syria" implies without speaking about the topic of Syria.


turn 2 : This statement implies that President Trump is skeptical of the CIA's findings and is seeking irrefutable evidence before taking action.

turn 2 : (3): The implication is that intelligence officials have already confirmed the suspicion that ISIS was behind the attacks.

turn 2 : 1. B implies that they know more than what they have revealed about the investigation so far. 2. A implies that there was a delay in Mirandizing the suspect in the Abdulmutallab case because they wanted to gather more information.  B implies that there were other bombs on other planes.

turn 2 : In (3), the speaker is implying that just because there hasn't been a terrorist attack yet, it doesn't mean that there won't be one in the future.


turn 3 : Turn (4) is implying that even though research has been conducted in this area, law enforcement has not been paying attention to it and is only now beginning to do so.

turn 3 :  (4) suggests that the NSA's efforts to protect the country may have caused damage around the world.

turn 3 : (4): The implication is that the authorities were able to trace the perpetrators of the attacks by looking at cellphone conversations or texts.

turn 3 : This is implying that the speaker is asking for advice or suggestions on how to protect oneself from such attacks in the future, rather than just a quick summary of the issue.

turn 3 :  implies that the investigators used information from the traffickers to further investigate the route of the people who survived the tragedies.


turn 3 : Well, my understanding is that officials first started to suspect ISIS was behind this late last night. There were some cellphone conversations or texts that the gunmen were exchanging while the attacks were going on. And they mentioned ISIS. And here's why that's important. You remember the Mumbai attacks in 2008 that were - those were attacks on hotels and Jewish centers and a railway station. Well, one of the ways that they traced it back to the perpetrators was by picking up phone conversations between the gunmen and their handlers in Pakistan. The information is still coming in, but it appears that something similar happened here.  Implicated meaning: A is using the phrase "here's why that's important" to introduce a connection between the current situation and a past event. The actual meaning is that A is providing reasons why the mentioning of ISIS is significant and relevant to the current situation.

turn 3 : 1. B implies that they know more than what they have revealed about the investigation so far. 2. A implies that there was a delay in Mirandizing the suspect in the Abdulmutallab case because they wanted to gather more information.  B implies that there were other bombs on other planes.

turn 3 :  (3) implies that B is asking A to comment on the administration's decision to prioritize the threat of ISIS over the Assad regime in Syria,

turn 3 : ISIS in Afghanistan is a threat through high-profile attacks


The attitude of the West and of Russia towards a crisis like Ukraine is diametrically different. The West is trying to establish the legality of any established border. For Russia, Ukraine is part of the Russian patrimony. A Russian state was created around Kiev about 1,200 years ago. Ukraine itself has been part of Russia for 500 years, and I would say most Russians consider it of Russian patrimony. The ideal solution would be to have a Ukraine like Finland or Austria that can be a bridge between these two rather than an outpost.

Mr.  Kissinger, every time we interview you, we hear from people who object, who say they have no interest in your opinion because of your role during the war in Vietnam, especially the bombing of Cambodia and Laos. How do you answer that?

They should study what is going on. I think we would find, if you study the conduct of guerilla-type wars, that the Obama Administration has hit more targets on a broader scale than the Nixon Administration ever did.

Is there not, though, a difference between a drone attack and carpet bombing?

turn 1 : We need to examine it as much as we can possibly can. We need to get people involved with Alzheimers to learn about  other things that can cause the disease.

turn 1 : Please expand upon your thoughts and discuss what your experience has been to-date with the availability of dementia-related information.

turn 1 : The speaker is implying that through remembering the patients' stories, they are able to better understand their suffering and the impact of their illness.

turn 1 : The drug did not improve clinical features in Alzheimer's patients, but it's still unclear whether it had an impact on the biological process of the disease.


Yeah.

. . . Of having people close who actually are talking to each other. . .

Yeah.

. . . Which is - like, when I was little, I thought they were very best friends. Then I got older and I'm like, oh, they just - they get along. But like. . .

turn 3 : The atmosphere is how people are feeling toward one another and treating one another.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The way people communicate can reveal their values, beliefs, and attitudes, and understanding these can help build stronger relationships and resolve conflicts.

turn 3 :  implies that the speaker is expressing gratitude for the other person's time and attention.

turn 3 : Please expand upon your thoughts and discuss what your experience has been to-date with engagement with your loved one.

turn 3 : A is reflecting on the nature of relationships between people close to each other.


They all talk about the shape of the recession. The conventional wisdom for a while was that we'd have a V-shape recession, which means a downturn and then a bounce back up, just like the letter V.  But I think most of them agree that we're going to get something more like a U-shaped recession and recovery, which means that it could be sort of a long period of no growth before we start to go up again.

There's a term people use, emerging markets - countries, small countries that one would have hoped for in terms of influencing the global economy. What do you think about that - about those countries?

Well, you know, the hope for a while was that the emerging economies would pick up the slack if U. S.  growth slowed down. So I'm talking about countries like Brazil, India, China, Russia. And the theory for a while was that these countries had become decoupled from the U. S.  economy, that they had their own momentum in terms of economic growth. But now I think people are realizing that the decoupling was something of a myth.

Blake Hounshell is the Web editor of Foreign Policy Magazine. Thank you very much.

turn 0 : People aren't spending money due to the recession.

turn 0 : The recession will not have a quick recovery

turn 0 : The policies would make drastic changes for the better to the economy.

turn 0 : The government has not handled the financial crisis effectively.


What I'm going to do next time or in the next few months is I'm going to get storm shutters put in my house. We have no plans on moving, though.

With the electricity restored, the whole family is moving back in today.

And how's baby William doing?

He's doing wonderful. He's eating and sleeping like a champ (laughter). And his big sister is loving her new role, so we're very happy.

turn 0 : The speaker assumes that the background noise suggests an emergency control headquarters

turn 0 : The speaker is taking measures to protect their home from potential storms in the future

turn 0 : The speaker is often expecting bad things to happen, so when something good happens, it's more exceptional than usual.

turn 0 : The speaker's house was not damaged by the hurricane


And how's baby William doing?

turn 3 : because the speaker said always good to be here

turn 3 : The speaker's baby and family are doing well and they are happy about it.

turn 3 : The speaker is expressing appreciation for the opportunity of being able to discuss the issue.

turn 3 : (3) - The speaker is expressing surprise and disbelief at the changes that have taken place in the household.

turn 3 : the literal and actual meanings are the same. The speakers are simply exchanging pleasantries and expressing gratitude for the conversation


And how's baby William doing?

turn 3 : ALL FATHERS WANT THEIR DAUGHTER TO BE LIKE DISNEY PRINCESSES BUT ITS JUST A CHARACTER NOT A REAL ONE

turn 3 : Baby William and his sister are adjusting well to their new family dynamic

turn 3 : Family was not lost, but separated by circumstances

turn 3 : B and his wife stopped sending their daughter to preschool and it was the best decision for their daughter.

turn 3 : This turn is literal in meaning, as it is a straightforward question asking about the speaker's children.


Thanks for allowing me to be on your show.

You didn't have kind words for Donald Trump in that interview, but why did you think Democrats who want to impeach him are misguided?

I've sat through impeachment. I understand that it's not a walk in the park. It takes a supermajority to impeach a president, and it's just not going to happen. And I think that we would be better off focusing on health care, the huge, huge amounts of money in politics that is ruining the body politic, climate change, which is sweeping the world.

So what I think you're saying is you need to - the Democrats have to have another message that isn't solely about removing the president.

turn 1 : They don't think Nancy Pelosi would begin impeachment proceedings if she wasn't sure that what she knew would get the president impeached.

turn 1 : Democrats wanting to impeach Trump is not a good idea and they should focus on other issues.

turn 1 :  Republicans may attempt to use impeachment as a tool to try to challenge and limit Clinton's power.

turn 1 : It's not a game. They mean they are not going to begin the impeachment unless they know they can succeed.


turn 2 : Impeachment is not a viable solution and there are other pressing issues to address.

turn 2 :  Republicans may attempt to use impeachment as a tool to try to challenge and limit Clinton's power.

turn 2 : The house of representatives has absolute power of impeachment and there is no way to argue the point.

turn 2 : There is doubt whether the Congress will be able to come up with a comprehensive solution for all the issues and it may require multiple attempts

turn 2 : They are not going to do the impeachment until they have studied all of the evidence and the laws regarding it.


turn 2 : Democrats should focus on other important issues like healthcare, money in politics, and climate change rather than impeaching Trump.

turn 2 : the democrats did everything they could to make it look bipartisan.

turn 2 : Democrats are usually in favor of reform while Republicans are not.

turn 2 : Democrats are trying to limit the President's power to take military action without approval from Congress.


Sure. So back in 1986, we were releasing a little over 300,000 cubic feet per second. And I know that's a number that's tough to sort of comprehend. So I think the best way it was explained to me - and this is - I kind of like this analogy - is picture 300,000 basketballs going through the dam every second. And so back then, it was 307,000 basketballs, if you will. And now we're doing 275,000.

So - but you're right. We've had this load on the levees for four or five days now, so it's a much longer exposure. And back in 1986, they did experience a breach of the levee at one particular point that was quickly responded to in - through great teamwork with the Corps and the local levee and first responders. So I wouldn't say that there's any threat or any imminent threat to a breach. You know, we're on the spot 24 hours a day, trying to look for indicators. And when we see them, we're, you know, responding almost immediately.

And to be clear, before I let you go, right now, your assessment is that you're not expecting a breach of the levee or of the dam.

That's absolutely correct. We see - you know, I've got just an amazing group of professional engineers out there every day working with the local community, and we see nothing that would lead us to believe that a breach is imminent, either of the levees or of our own infrastructure.

turn 0 : The patio had a great deal of water on it that it could have been swum in.

turn 0 : The area underground where water is first found will lower in terms of the amount of water.

turn 0 : The hurricane caused severe destruction and devastation in the area.

turn 0 : The water flow was really high in 1986, but it's lower now.

turn 0 : Water infrastructure is a critical yet underappreciated aspect of our economy and daily lives, and requires more attention and investment.


Monica, welcome

Hi, Michel.

So what do we know about what happened?Do we know how many shooters there were?Do we know how many injuries there are?

I spoke to an El Paso police spokesman about an hour ago, and there isn't much that they know at this point. They first got word of the shooting at 10 a. m.  local time, and it happened at an area Walmart. The officer told me there were multiple victims, possibly some fatalities, but no confirmations on exact numbers yet. Police have one person in custody. All they could tell us was that he's male. And at this point, the investigation has moved from the active shooter site to a crime scene investigation. And I've been watching multiple authorities go in and out of the Walmart, including the SWAT team cars parked outside. There's also a mass casualty situation ambulance parked just behind the building.

turn 2 : "assault-style weapons" - this is a term used to describe certain types of firearms that have specific features but it does not necessarily mean that the weapon is used for assault purposes.

turn 2 : Children are being trained to be killing machines, and a gun was invented that is easy for young people to use, leading to more violence.

turn 2 : shooters means people using a gun, usually for bad purposes

turn 2 : A "son of a gun" can be an insult or a term of endearment, the latter in this case. It has nothing to do with guns.

turn 2 : Implies that the judge believes that the shooting was done out of self-defense, even though others may say differently.


The incident that I wrote about in the column, I remember it because it was so rare. You know, you'll see some passengers looking at other passengers in perhaps a rude manner - like if you see someone wearing a niqab and other passengers are sort of gaping at them rudely. That happens. But for a passenger to say, this person is suspicious - and, you know, it may be for racist or Islamophobic reasons - it's extremely rare.

Do you recall any stories?

What happened was we were flying from south Florida to JFK. And a middle-aged white women leaned forward, and she whispered to me. She said, there is a man four people behind me in a green shirt, and he is very suspicious. And I immediately thought, this woman might be racist; I also need to take her seriously. So I asked her, what is he doing?Can you describe for me what about him is suspicious?And she just said, you'll see. And so I thought, OK, well then, I must be able to see something. When he came down, he just seemed completely normal. He was not jittery in any way. He was not looking around suspiciously. His clothing was normal. The green shirt was a Green Bay Packers shirt. It was football season. And. . .

As a Bears fan, I would also immediately pick on the Green Bay Packers fan.

turn 3 : The actual meanings of (1) and (3) are different from their literal meanings. In (1), the speaker is implying that he would be prejudiced against a Green Bay Packers fan, rather than simply picking on them

turn 3 : (4) - The speaker is suggesting that they should take the green shirt as a possible sign of suspicion, despite the fact that it was football season and the man was wearing a Green Bay Packers shirt.

turn 3 : (4): This turn actually means: "Will people now start to support the Columbus Blue Jackets?"

turn 3 : A isn't really ready to snap on the pass. That just means that the coach's enthusiasm was infectious, and 'A' felt like he was ready to play football for him.


Good morning, Lulu.

So it seems a little strange to be talking about why something doesn't matter, but here we are, saying President Trump's budget - which is being released tomorrow - suddenly isn't that important. How did that happen?

Presidents' budgets are always political documents. They're not a piece of legislation, but they do express the president's priorities. And, of course, the cliche is to say that the president's budget is dead on arrival on Capitol Hill. This one is probably dead as a doornail. And the reason is that Republicans and Democrats just passed a massive, two-year spending bill, which raises the caps for domestic and defense spending. And the White House was mostly a bystander in those negotiations. So what the president says in his budget tomorrow will not affect spending very much. Congress probably won't be passing a 2019 budget resolution. The bottom line is, in this instance, Congress seems to be ignoring the president.

Oh, OK. But when the budget comes out tomorrow, the spotlight will probably turn to White House budget director Mick Mulvaney, right?He was famously hawkish on the deficit when he was in Congress. What will he have to say?

turn 2 : Congress is not doing its job and is passing their responsibilities to the president who then abuses his power

turn 2 : The president's budget is not taken seriously by Congress and has little effect on spending.

turn 2 : It is unlikely that the Congress and the president will be able to create a debt reduction bill that benefits the country and its people, and this will put a big pressure on the budget due to the tax problem

turn 2 : Congressional Republicans won't pass the bill unless the President makes sure they will not be hurt politically.


Good morning, Lulu.

turn 2 : People aren't spending money due to the recession.

turn 2 : Deficit spending to provide tax cuts may not be judged favorably in history

turn 2 : Presidents' budgets are mostly for show and have little impact on spending

turn 2 : Spending is not an actual pillar but the strongest part of the economy.


Yes.

I just wondered what that photograph brought up for you that made you want to have it as the cover of your album.

That photograph hit me like a ton of bricks. You know, I had - they had sent me about nine pictures, you know, trying to find something for the album. I didn't see the others. That was the only one I saw, and it grabbed me. You know, these little babies standing on the outside. They want to swing. They want to go on the slide.

And it kind of reminded me of my sisters and I. We had that problem when we were growing up. We couldn't go to the beach. We couldn't go to the park. We wanted some grass. Where we lived, we didn't really have any grass. You know, we'd have to play in a vacant lot with dirt and glass. So that photograph grabbed me in the heart and almost brought me to tears. I said, this is the one.

(Singing) Look at us now. Remember when. We've come a long, long way. We tell ourselves stories only we can believe. It's always hard, so hard to leave.

Does singing these songs give you courage?Do you hope it gives other people courage?What do you hope it gives them?

turn 1 : The story is emotional and difficult to hear.

turn 1 : The photograph had a strong emotional impact on me

turn 1 : It affected the young people's emotions when they saw what happened.

turn 1 : The cover story in question caused controversy but served an important purpose.

turn 1 : In Turn (3), when B asks, "Why do you think it's resonated so much? Why do you think people have enjoyed this so much?" they are not asking about the actual vibrations or sounds that the photo has produced, but rather about why the photo has become so popular and well-liked.


Yes.

turn 2 : that the acquaintance between the two people had grown over the years.

turn 2 : It affected the young people's emotions when they saw what happened.

turn 2 :  A: "And when he was exactly about five feet away from the Monet the sound system was activated and the room was abruptly flooded with Debussy." - The speaker is describing an experience where the collector used music to enhance the viewing of the artwork, suggesting that the collector has a deep appreciation for the arts and values different sensory experiences.

turn 2 : The speaker is less confident than their parents about the future.

turn 2 : The speaker's childhood experiences were similar to those in the photograph


Yes.

turn 3 : It made the person feel sadness and it was hard for them to see.

turn 3 : The children in the war had to face and endure many difficult and tragic things.

turn 3 : The photograph reminded me of my childhood and almost made me cry.

turn 3 : The disaster was so immense and overwhelming that it was hard to comprehend.

turn 3 : It affected the young people's emotions when they saw what happened.


Well, let's put it this way - if we don't fight, we will lose everything. We will lose the rule of law. We will lose the human right. We will lose the way of life that we're used to. We will lose, you know, the freedom we have. But if we fight, that might - you know, there may be a chance. There may be a miracle.

What specifically do you want that you think the government could conceivably deliver?

Well, it's not me want. I think Hong Kong people, after more than three month resistance and facing the police violence, we know that if we don't fight, we will always be under attacked and under encroachment on our freedom.

What do you want from the United States?

turn 2 : The speaker believes that America is currently not living up to its potential and wants a leader who can bring the country back to a place of pride and respect on the world stage.

turn 2 : The US immigration policy should bring in the best and brightest from around the world

turn 2 : Europe wants to assert its independence from the US while risking consequences

turn 2 : what do you want from the US that implies they want freedom from the other country


Today's verdict concludes Hosni Mubarak's retrial. He'd been convicted and sentenced to life in prison in 2012. The verdict was overturned on appeal. In the courtroom today, people burst into cheers, but those who protested in his rule say this is a sign Egypt's revolution has been defeated. NPR's Leila Fadel joins us from Cairo. Thanks for being with us.

Thank you.

And what happened in the courtroom?

Well, basically, the judge dismissed the charges against Mubarak; charges of the killing of hundreds of protesters in 2011 who went to the streets to walk against his rule. He was acquitted on separate corruption charges. And he's expected to go free soon. He's currently serving time on a separate corruption case, and he was convicted of three years on that. His minister of interior, who was reviled for brutal police tactics, was also acquainted as were his deputies. And it left a lot of people asking, well, who is accountable for the more than 800 people that were killed in 2011.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is suggesting that they are uncertain about the future outcome of a situation, and are not making any definitive statements or commitments. The tone and context of the statement could suggest that the speaker is being cautious, non-committal, or may be waiting for more information before making a decision.

turn 3 :  (4) is an expression of surprise. The implied meaning is an expression of admiration.

turn 3 : (4) "And he's expected to go free soon." - The literal meaning of this sentence is that Hosni Mubarak is expected to be released from prison soon. However, the implied meaning is that there is outrage and concern among some people about Mubarak being released after being acquitted of charges related to the killing of protesters during his rule, and that this could be seen as a sign that justice has not been served.

turn 3 : (4) Implied meaning: The speaker is not afraid of going out of their apartment; instead, they are motivated by their desire to bring positivity to their community and recognize the potential of the people in poverty-stricken neighborhoods.

turn 3 : (4) Implied Meaning: Is there any pressure on President Kabila to step down or face consequences for his unconstitutional actions?


Well, I mean, if we - if you think about it, what does 150-year mean?Just to give us a sense, most of our buildings that we designed, most of our bridges tend to have a design life which is 50 years to 75 years. And as engineers, what we work with is we work on probability, and we work in recurrence. So the idea is that if you have a longer window than the probability of having a larger earthquake or a larger wind event, becomes - the event itself becomes larger. And you also have to look at the maintenance of the structure and make sure that it satisfies, yeah, the 150-year design life.

What happens in this particular case, obviously, the one driving aspect of it is the seismic loads that we have in the Bay Area, and what it did is it magnified the ground motion that we're designing it for. We wind up designing for a earthquake that has 1,500 year return period, much like the earthquake that we're - we have in - had in 1906 earthquake.

1906. OK.  Let's get a question from the audience here. Yes, sir.

UNIDENTIFIED MAN #2: Yeah. Following up on that comment, how does - what's the process for deciding how strong an earthquake - to design a bridge to expand?

turn 0 : People are likely to follow through a given idea or course since it is end is clear as a glass chamber.

turn 0 : All they have is the way of life that takes place outside of buildings.

turn 0 : just around the corner implies it is happening soon.

turn 0 : They don't mean an actual window but a time frame for the life of the bridge.

turn 0 : at the end of the day means something is likely going to happen or what happens after everything else.


Largely because the Algerian move to split the groups had failed. One of the groups they thought they'd fought off decided to join al-Qaida in the Islamic Maghreb, moving south and trying to occupy the rest of Mali. And that forced the French to intervene earlier than they intended, and they forced the Algerians to attempt, in some way, to help in this process by allowing French over flights over Algeria.

And tell us about the Algerian government's interest here. This government has been - this is a country that's been very quiet compared to its neighbors who have been roiled since the Arab Spring.

Well, Algeria, partly because of the civil war in the 1990s, was able to avoid the worst outcomes of the Arab Spring, in the sense that the regime was able to continue there. And Algeria, too, feels that it should be the dominant power inside the region. It's, therefore, tempted to avoid, allowing other states to intervene in Mali, which is along its southern border. And it's also trying to create a defense force of 25,000 men to try to counter the activities of Islamist groups along its borders. But that really has failed.

And beyond that, too, the Algerians are extremely ambivalent about the French presence there, but they've come to realize that they can't deal with the problem without the French participating too. So all in all, the Algerian government is extremely frustrated, very irritated, embarrassed and now feels that it's got to accept something, which in the past it would never have dreamt of accepting.

turn 3 : The Algerian government reluctantly accepts French help in dealing with the problem in Mali

turn 3 : The French government is taking extra steps to ensure that any potential accomplices do not escape.

turn 3 : They need the countries to realize this is the way things should be done in other countries.

turn 3 :  (4) implies that the US is trying to reach a political solution to the conflict in Syria, but without a strategy to deal with Assad and the refugee crisis.


But to point out the obvious: the play chess, they don't watch it.

Who would ever in a million years have imagined that anyone would be interested in watching golf on TV?In our poll, golf is considered the most boring sport in America and yet it's incredibly successful on TV. It is indeed considered, in this poll, more boring than chess. But if you think about it, if you know anything about chess, you know that there's a rich, thick history, both of players and personalities and madness and theory that you can talk about on and on and on and on. There's nothing to talk about in golf.

Andrew Paulson speaking with us from London. Thank you very much. Good luck to you and to chess, Mr.  Paulson.

Thank you very much.

turn 1 : Not as boring as the usual implies that typically the plays are boring.

turn 1 :  (2) implies that although golf is considered the most boring sport in America, it is still successful.

turn 1 : Comparing hurling to ice hockey on grass is a better way to explain it to American viewers than saying it's the fastest and oldest field game in the world

turn 1 : This statement implies that the British are known for Soccer disruption.


Thank you very much.

turn 3 : The interview or conversation is coming to an end and the speaker needs to conclude.

turn 3 : (4) implies that Andrew Paulson is wishing the interviewer good luck as well as himself and the game of chess.

turn 3 : interviewer is asking if he is ready to start the interview again

turn 3 : In (3), the speaker is not wishing Mr. Bostrom good luck in the literal sense, but rather expressing his appreciation for speaking with them and thanking him for his efforts.


The president is given to hyperbole. That's an understatement, or perhaps it's a euphemism. But, no, this shutdown cannot last for months or years because that would disrupt far, far more than we've seen so far - not only national parks or federal paychecks but food stamps, which 38 million Americans depend on, and the IRS. Think tax advice at this time of year and tax refunds, Scott. Tens of millions of Americans count on that tax refund check, and they will not want to wait for it for months or years.

What do you see that might be utterly distinct about this particular shutdown, given it's almost become a way of life in the Capitol?

There's some of the usual posturing to be sure. But it's also unlike previous shutdowns in that both sides seem to be content with the politics of a stalemate. Usually, at least one side seems highly eager to get on with the courtship. But here, we have both playing hard to get. So the longest shutdown was three weeks back in the mid-1990s during the Clinton administration, the speakership of Newt Gingrich. By next weekend, we may have broken that record.

Let's talk about the new Congress. Nancy Pelosi - once again speaker. But the difference in appearance between the two sides in that chamber is dramatic.

turn 0 : The president may be lying about not being informed

turn 0 : The speaker uses 'literally' in a figurative sense.

turn 0 : The president's words are exaggerated and they are not meant to be taken literally.

turn 0 : The actual meaning different from the literal meaning is:  "...the president's budget director had to walk that back and say we shouldn't take that word for word."  The literal meaning of this sentence is that the president's budget director had to retract or clarify the statement made by the president. However, the implied meaning is that the president's initial statement was not accurate or well-thought-out, and it needed to be corrected or softened to avoid negative consequences.

turn 0 : The president is trying to prioritize the needs of those who have been forgotten by society.


In terms of the treatment that you had, briefly tell us about it. What worked?What was it that helped you seemingly perhaps the most?

Well, I'd not like to be pompous and have an ego rush here. I think what happened to me is but for the grace of God, I've been able to move forward. And what has happened for me is I've been given some willingness, the willingness to follow directions, the willingness to own the fact that I have caused some very sincere emotional, physical, and spiritual damage to some other people, and then accept a way in which to address those things at the best of my ability. So, I think that the question seems to ask me, what have I done?And that is absolutely be willing to a different direction than the direction I was traveling in.

So, are you now providing treatment for others?And I don't mean that in a clinical sense, but support, help, understanding, perhaps?

I think, what I've been doing is what was so freely given to me, I've been free to give back to others.

You look happy. You're smiling. You look - you seem healthy. And as you look - this is my final question. As you look back on how you fell into the spiral and then how you spiraled out of it, do you recognize triggers now?

turn 1 : People's avoidance made the speaker feel isolated and angry

turn 1 : The speaker is expressing frustration with the limitations imposed on them by their identity.

turn 1 : The speaker attributes their recovery to divine intervention and a change in attitude.

turn 1 : the literal and actual meanings are the same. The speakers are simply exchanging pleasantries and expressing gratitude for the conversation

turn 1 : The speaker is reflecting on their mistakes and hoping to learn from them.


And how have the volatile markets affected the pension funds that you're responsible for?

Well, it has definitely had an impact, but like most pension plans, we're extremely well-diversified. But we still are down a little over 20 percent for the fiscal year, which is - started in June 30. But we're down less than the Dow, and less than the S&P, because we're in a fairly diversified portfolio, with just over half of our exposure to the equity market at all. We have an exposure of almost 40 percent to bonds and about 10 percent to real estate.

But as you mentioned, you are down. So, what happens to the city employees who are scheduled to receive their pension now or in the near future?

With San Diego's pension system, like most pension systems around the country, the current environment in any particular month is less important than the one day a year you take a snapshot of our assets and liabilities. And for us, that's June 30th. So, the current economic impact hasn't had any real impact yet, and we won't know what, if any, impact it has on the plan until June 30th, when our actuary will take a snapshot of our assets. The market may have recovered with the new administration and a new economic team and the stimulus measures being talked about in Washington. Who knows where the market will be June 30?But that's the date that will have an impact on our plan and most around the country.

turn 1 : A implies that Rip Van Winkle's investment is not worth as much after sleeping for 20 years. 2. A implies that it's not a good idea for retirees to invest in the stock market but younger people can do so if they are willing to take risks.

turn 1 : It implies that hedge funds is not for those that are poor.

turn 1 : The lack of bonuses affected stock market sales.

turn 1 : Pension plan has been impacted by volatile markets, but due to diversification, it has not been severely impacted.


. . . Seas and littoral regions.

So the bottom line here is Iran has now shot a U. S.  plane out of the sky. I'll put to you the same question we just put to Mara Liasson.

Sure.

Any sense of what the U. S.  response will be?

turn 1 : The situation between Iran and the US may lead to a military conflict, which nobody wants.

turn 1 : Iran is responding to the US's maximum pressure campaign

turn 1 : Assuming that Iran is responsible for the attack.

turn 1 : The U.S. blames Iran for the explosions, but Iran denies involvement and considers it part of a campaign against them.

turn 1 : Iran shot down a U.S. plane and now the U.S. will respond.