Kenneth, generally this song is called the Negro national anthem or the black national anthem. Finally, we turn to Anise Benerman(ph) in Durham, North Carolina, who wrote in about the segment called "Ready to get married but can't find a mate. "She said it hit close to home.

I'm one of those early 30s never married, no kids, African-American females. I make decent money but I am by no means well off. I've had brothers tell me they can't do anything for me after finding out where I reside and what I drive. Besides economics, appearance and what's pleasing to the eye has a lot to do with marriage statistics in our community. I've been told that I was cute for a dark girl, but they prefer redbones. They like longer hair, thinner thighs and all sorts of superficial nonsense. I think a lot of brothers have taken on the European standards of beauty.

And that's it for letters. Thank you for writing, and please keep yours coming.

To write to us, just log on to npr. org and click on Contact Us. When you get there, you'll see lots of shows to choose from. Make sure you pick News & Notes when you write to us.

turn 1 : Appearance and superficial standards are prioritized over personality and character in African-American community

turn 1 : The culture and character of black people can be obtained from them if you get too close

turn 1 : White counterparts in the entertainment industry are more accepted than African-Americans.

turn 1 : Harlem is now more diverse, attracting non-African Americans.


Why?

Because it's like they don't have an agenda. They are just naturally funny.

I see a little boy break a grown man down so bad, one time, in the mall. We was in the sunglass department. The man tried on the sunglasses, he put the glasses on, he looked down at the little boy, he said, how these look?Little boy looked at him, he said, "They look good, now all you got to do is get your teeth fixed. "

Kids don't have an agenda. They just say what they see and then old people they just tell the truth. So - so, you know. I live in South Florida. And where I live is a predominantly retirement community. And one day, you know, how the new - the new fashion thing is your bra strap shows. You know, you could wear like a tube top and you have a fashion bra-bra, fashionable bra one. So I'm standing in line at the post office and this old lady taps me on the shoulder, she goes, sweetheart, your bra is showing.

And I look at her like, but it's pink. So I love that. I love people that are like generally funny and just on it.

turn 1 : Kids and old people are funny because they speak truthfully and without agenda

turn 1 : A finds something amusing but doesn't want to explain why.

turn 1 : B finds something amusing or funny, but it's not clear what

turn 1 : Funny things that make people think and stick in their mind

turn 1 : AGREE WITH THE TURN AND IMPLIED MEANING AND BELIVE THAT EVERYONE


Why?

turn 2 : The person was the one in the family that did not dress and act like the rest.

turn 2 : Not sure what the belly button reference means exactly (it refers to the earlier discussion), but it isn't literal. It's a joke.

turn 2 : His memory had these girls staying the way they were and not changing into what they are now.

turn 2 : The little boy insulted the man's teeth and the old lady pointed out the bra strap

turn 2 : The mother was surprised that her 7-year-old son already knew about the terms 'hooker' and 'stripper' and their connection to violence and sexuality without her teaching him.


Why?

turn 3 : quite frankly means quite honestly, or the person is telling the truth but some people might not like it

turn 3 : The speaker is not literally talking about honesty and being real but rather expressing their discomfort with situations that feel inauthentic.

turn 3 : Everyone should respect other people's feelings and not try to control them, even if they don't agree.

turn 3 : The person thinks that the good feelings have lessened a bit.

turn 3 : kids and old people can be refreshingly honest because they are not always trying to please others or conform to social norms.


This strikes me as a bit like saying, well, we don't want to stigmatize people on food stamps, so we're going to give food stamps to wealthy people so they also will buy their groceries for food stamps. This is an astonishing thing. This is the ultimate in corporate welfare.

Big banks like JP Morgan Chase and Bank of America essentially were forced by the Fed or very much had their arms twisted by the Fed and the Treasury to take $25 billion. Some somewhat smaller banks had to take 20 billion. So a lot of this money was just an enormous sum to be given to these big institutions.

Let me ask, why did they agree if they think they didn't need it?

Well, I think essentially - well, when you're dealing with Uncle Sam, you essentially are given an offer you can't refuse. OK, well, you don't want to take this money if you don't want to, but good luck next time you want anything from us. And I think that they were - essentially were coerced into taking this money.

turn 1 : The banks lent money to people and other banks without anyone knowing or monitoring them.

turn 1 : Big banks were forced to take the money from the Fed and the Treasury.

turn 1 : The world is desperate for the Treasury Department's moves to succeed in stabilizing the economy.

turn 1 : The Treasury is struggling to minimize conflicts of interests in their program.

turn 1 : There is a sense of panic in the financial system and central banks are the only ones willing to finance the banking sector.


Because unlike candidates, which have to disclose their fundraising and spendings to the Federal Elections Commission, outside groups - a lot of them are basically incorporated nonprofits, they're businesses. And they don't really have a legal mandate to disclose. They're simply communicating a message. So what these Federal Communication Commission filings do is give us a sense of what they're spending on the biggest ticket item in politics right now, which is television advertising.

So how do these new rules make what you do easier?

Back in sort of the bad old days, the pre-2012 days, you would actually hop in your car, and if you had five or six television stations in your market, you would go to to five or six television stations and root through physical files to find out what groups were behind these ads. And the things in those files were valuable, not only because they sort of told you the volume of advertising in dollar terms and how many spots they were running, but also sometimes they were the only hints of who was actually behind an ad, you know. A lot of these groups have names like Mom For Apple Pie. Well, who is was Mom For Apple Pie?Sometimes the FCC files were your only hope to kind of figure out - oh, this is actually attached to this Republican or this Democratic organization.

And in your state this year, there has been a time of spending already. On the Republican side, there are a couple of big names that of been doing this - Americans For Prosperity and Crossroads GPS. And I think we have an ad for Americans For Prosperity.

turn 2 : The literal meaning of this turn is that people might think news organizations are concealing information, but the actual meaning is that people might think news organizations should not be concealing information.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker might be implying a hidden agenda or ulterior motive behind their words, actions, or decisions, without making it explicit.

turn 2 : Literally, the turn means that activists were raising money to buy the browsing history and other data about lawmakers who repealed the rules, and that advertisers do not target individuals but rather a specific group.

turn 2 : the literal meaning is that outside groups are only communicating a message and do not have a legal mandate to disclose their fundraising and spendings. The actual meaning is that despite not being required to disclose their activities, outside groups are still significant spenders on television advertising in politics.

turn 2 : Actual meaning: A is pointing out the lack of discussion and attention given to a potential solution to a problem due to the dominance of the Trump-related discourse. Literal meaning: A is discussing a method of repealing Obamacare that involves tax credits and encourages consumer choice.


Look. We - no - we have low-skilled workers who come to this country all the time. . .

Low skills is different than no skills.

. . . Well, low skill - that's what the chief was talking about. We're talking about bringing in the best and brightest from around the world. That's not what is occurring now. But let's not pretend for a second we have a mean, heartless immigration policy. We have the most generous immigration policy in the world. So to pretend as though, somehow, we're closing off to the world is just ridiculous. What this president and what the chief of staff was talking about is we want people in this country who have a lot to offer the United States, who are the best and the brightest. And right now our immigration system as such - we don't get that.

I'm afraid I got to come back to the McCain question one more time because, you know, we wouldn't keep asking it if someone in the White House would say, look. I wish it hadn't happened. He's a great American. He's given great service to the country. He might be in his last days. Let's just shut down this controversy and say, thank you for everything you've done for America. But why won't the White House say that?

turn 1 : Being good at something is not enough for success.

turn 1 : you've got the whole thing likely means that they have everything needed to succeed.

turn 1 : Having low skills is not the same as having no skills

turn 1 : NOTHING IS NOT GOOD.SO IT WAS A VERY MEANING FULL


Low skills is different than no skills.

turn 2 : The irony is that even though congressional Republican leadership may be opposed to Donald Trump's immigration policy, they still ultimately want to pass some kind of immigration reform.

turn 2 : The US immigration policy should bring in the best and brightest from around the world

turn 2 : I think that we can do both" - Implied Meaning: We can both focus on education and skills and be flexible in our immigration system.

turn 2 : The Trump administration has taken several steps that have made it harder for military members to get citizenship

turn 2 : We need shift focus to stop the people who are scamming the system and not discriminate against honest people because they are immigrants.


Hi.

Let's talk a little bit about Title IX. The law is conceived as a way to protect and support women. It's a federal law. Universities can have their funding taken away if they don't do enough to address complaints. You are a self-described feminist. Where do you think the law is wrong in your case and more broadly?

Well, what happened was that Title IX, which started out, you know, as something about equity for things like women's sports, was expanded in 2011 to include sexual harassment or creating, like, a hostile environment on campus. You know, very vague sorts of things can now be charged under Title IX. So since then, because they didn't really specify how campuses should do this, there's just an incredible amount of overreach because all the campuses are afraid of losing their federal funding and also being seen on soft - as soft on sexual assault. And, you know, there certainly is a sexual assault problem, but whether that should be handled. . .

I was about to say, I mean, that's clearly an issue on campuses.

turn 2 : (4) The literal meaning of turn (4) is that the reporter contacted the Department of Justice for comment, but the implied meaning is that the reporter wants to highlight the lack of response from the Department of Justice, which can suggest a lack of transparency or accountability.

turn 2 :  Turn (2) implies that the Department of Justice was slow to act in response to a civil rights case, which is different from its literal meaning which is simply that it is a civil rights case

turn 2 : The actual meaning of turn (3) is different from its literal meaning. While the speaker uses the phrase "very vague sorts of things can now be charged under Title IX," they are actually suggesting that the expanded definition of Title IX has led to a lot of confusion and overreach on college campuses when it comes to handling sexual assault cases.


Well, the children have Medicaid, just due to our lower income. We are available to some of the state aid, which is very welcome. Fortunately, we haven't had to use it too much. We do have a couple of kids with some special needs that are addressed, but the other three haven't had much need for it.

Even in difficult times you need a little break. You need to get away and do something to remind yourself that life is fun sometimes, too. What you do if you have any extra money and you can go somewhere?

We did get away for a family vacation this summer, went down to North Carolina. We do the bargain movie theaters. We do - the kids are very busy at school and we try to keep them going on all these field trips and what not.

Ohio, where you are, this was a famous battleground state in the election, and you know, we've had all these undecided voters. And we are asking people these questions that feel intrusive, even to us as we ask them, but can you tell me how you voted?

Well, I was undecided, I guess, or uncommitted up until Monday evening, and to be honest with you, I couldn't bring myself to vote for either one of the two major parties. I just felt that neither one of them represented the change that we actually needed in this country. So - and I will just leave it at that.

All right. Jon Diebold in Cincinnati, Ohio. What's your restaurant?

turn 0 : People are spending more on alternative medicine than primary care.

turn 0 : The advice we receive about spending and saving is contradictory.

turn 0 : Having Medicaid is helpful, but we still struggle financially.

turn 0 : Despite the court case, people can still enroll for insurance

turn 0 : The Affordable Care Act is being challenged by Republicans.


And there is a desperate need both for international humanitarian law to be observed in the conduct of the war to protect civilians but also for a move towards political negotiations and a political settlement, because it is now nearly two years since I sat at the United Nations with foreign ministers from the Gulf States who said they wanted a political settlement then. But it is no closer, and the bombing has undoubtedly deepened the divide inside Yemen and made it far harder to bring peace.

And this is the conduct of the war by Saudi Arabia?

The Saudi-led coalition has air power. The Houthis, who are an Iranian-backed rebel group, are on the ground. It's not the job of these humanitarians to take sides in the conflict. We don't take sides in the conflict. What we do is call out the abuse of international humanitarian law on all sides. And the striking thing about the Yemen conflict and the three other countries that are in danger of famine in Africa - in Somalia, in South Sudan that we've talked about, north and northeast Nigeria - these are man-made famine.

Mr.  Miliband, you've been a politician. How do you sustain interest in problems that are very remote from the lives of everyday Americans?

turn 2 : (3) The implication of this turn is that the U.N. special adviser believes that this conflict has the potential to be as destructive and deadly as the genocides in Rwanda and Bosnia.

turn 2 : 'Leaders are calling for an end to the violence, but there hasn't been much talk in terms of specifics.' implies that leaders are not taking specific actions to end the violence.

turn 2 : The speaker is implying that their protests might elevate beyond peaceful methods if they don't get what they think they deserve.

turn 2 : (3) A: "What we do is call out the abuse of international humanitarian law on all sides" - This implies that all parties involved in the conflict are violating international humanitarian law, rather than only one specific party.

turn 2 : The speaker is suggesting that it is possible to address both security concerns and human rights issues simultaneously, rather than prioritizing one over the other.


turn 3 : The implication is that the Republicans may have to use strong tactics to pass their agenda, even if it means having to pressure members of their own party.

turn 3 : inquiring about strategies or approaches politicians use to engage and maintain public attention for issues that may seem disconnected or less relevant to the lives of everyday Americans.

turn 3 : The person wants to know what can be done to find a common thing the two political parties can agree on.

turn 3 :  implies that you should be mindful of the information you hear and stay informed.

turn 3 : It tells about developed our nation and innovoted lot of things


turn 3 :  (4) implies that the US is trying to reach a political solution to the conflict in Syria, but without a strategy to deal with Assad and the refugee crisis.

turn 3 : Literally, turn (4) is asking for information about which countries are blocking entry to travelers and how that will affect them. However, the implied meaning is that B is concerned about the impact of travel restrictions on those countries and possibly on the global effort to contain the Ebola epidemic.

turn 3 : (4) B: "How do you sustain interest in problems that are very remote from the lives of everyday Americans?" - This implies that the problems being discussed are not limited to Yemen or other specific countries, but rather can affect people globally, and that Americans should care about them despite their distance.

turn 3 : It is important to discuss God's message of care for refugees without being politically divisive.

turn 3 : They need the countries to realize this is the way things should be done in other countries.


But we don't know what types of tools the Denisovans made. The Neanderthals lived in Western Eurasia and in Europe, and the Denisovans seem to have lived in the eastern parts of Eurasia, and we don't have a well-defined group of skeletons or archaeology that we know must have been left behind by a group.

But amazingly, we do have a genome sequence from the Denisovans, and we can use the genome sequence to study how they're related to Neanderthals and modern humans.

How do you get such an accurate reading of a genome from a 50,000-year-old bone?I mean, it would seem - you know, it's an old bone.

Yeah, it's really old. So ancient DNA is an amazing field that's really become revolutionized over the last few years because of the revolution for medical genetics, from genomics, which has made the cost of DNA sequencing come down by a factor of about 100,000 over the last decade and especially in the last year by many thousand-fold.

turn 1 : Denisovan girl is less related to Neanderthals than present-day humans.

turn 1 : The genome sequence helps us study the relationship between Neanderthals and Denisovans.

turn 1 : Denisovan material is identifiable in some populations but not in others, and it's easy to distinguish it from modern human DNA

turn 1 : Neanderthals were not searching for genetics, but rather it is our modern-day researchers who are searching for their genetic elucidation


I - you've made that point. Let me get to one last question, if I could. President Trump cited Canada as a model of merit-based system, but several news organizations and the Canadian Council of disabilities have pointed out that Stephen Hawking wouldn't be permitted to immigrate in Canada under their system because it does not admit handicapped and disabled people. Do you want that for the United States too?

Well, a merit-based system needs to focus on education and skills, but there is also room for immediate family members to come as well. Canada's point system really contributes only about 15 percent of Canada's annual immigration now. It used to be much higher. It's all in, you know, how you set it up. And we need to be more nimble in our immigration system and look at the outcomes of our immigration policy the way Australia does and be ready to change it if it's not meeting our needs, particularly our economic needs.

Jessica, we. . .

I think that we can do both.

Jessica Vaughn of the Center for Immigration Studies, thanks so much.

turn 3 : The US immigration policy should bring in the best and brightest from around the world

turn 3 : Implies that the speaker would like to see further reforms beyond what is suggested by Speaker Ryan.

turn 3 : And Lamar Smith, the congressman and head of the Judiciary Committee, has a statement basically saying this is why we need a new, stronger Congress to pass tougher immigration laws here in Washington, thanks to - these kind of decisions show we need stronger laws out of Washington.  The turn does not have a figurative meaning different from its literal meaning.

turn 3 : I think that we can do both" - Implied Meaning: We can both focus on education and skills and be flexible in our immigration system.


We're going to talk through this now with Jamil Jaffer. He was a lawyer in the White House under President George W.  Bush. And he was senior counsel to the House intel committee. He joins us now. Welcome back.

Thanks, Lulu. Good to be here.

All right. We have the Democratic memo. What have you learned from reading it?

Well, look. I think that what we've learned is there's a real debate here between the two sides about the substance of this application on Carter Page, the FISA application and the three renewals. And, you know, what was going on here?According to the Republican memo, it was a highly slanted investigation. Information from this dossier, which has largely been discredited now, was used to obtain the surveillance.

And for the Democrats, you see a response that says, no, in fact, there were lots of sources of information. The memo was but one source and that this was a long, ongoing investigation long before they even heard about the memo. And we ought not believe the Republicans' claims. And so we have a very clear now debate. The American people can read both memos and have a honest discussion about, you know, who has the right of this here.

turn 3 : The White House made a mistake by not releasing the Democratic memo, which may discredit their claims of FBI corruption.

turn 3 : There is evidence that would support the Presidents statement.

turn 3 : Republican memo was biased and used unreliable information.

turn 3 : The Democratic memo contends Page was under surveillance for many reasons which initially had nothing to do with the controversial Steele dossier


Oh, absolutely, absolutely. And I think that before Manny was traded, you say that C. C. was the hands-on favorite, but man, I think the impact that Manny has made on what was a moribund Dodgers team is sensational. I think if the voting was held right now and was fair, I think Manny Ramirez would be the MVP of the National League. What he's done there is incredible.

But it's not going to happen, is it?

Well, if there's justice in the world, and as you and I know there is justice in the world, I think it could happen. I mean, look at what he's done. I mean, he's made - he's helped them make shambles out of that race just because of him. C. C. 's done an excellent job, but Milwaukee is fading. Los Angeles is just becoming strong, and then there's the whole irony of Manny hooking up with his former archrival Joe Torre. And just the idea of these two guys grinding an axe against their former teams, which used to be archrivals, I just think the drama is just too - it's just too delicious. That's why I really think it should be Manny.

All right, let's end this with this connection. Since you've talked about Manny, then you talked about Joe Torre, formerly of the New York Yankees, now let's talk about Yankees stadium, which closes it's doors, last game ever in Yankee Stadium this Sunday. I know that you live close to the ballpark. Are you sad, Mr.  New Yorker?

turn 1 : The voters did not seem to change their opinions when they voted again.

turn 1 : B disagrees with the premise of the question but is willing to discuss it further.

turn 1 : B implies that the voting wasn't going to happen right there at the moment and won't probably be fair if it was.

turn 1 : (2) Implied meaning: Get enough votes to pass the legislation, no matter the number of votes required.

turn 1 : The actual meaning of the turn is different from its literal meaning. The turn is using a hypothetical scenario to explain how a narrow victory in the upcoming election could be possible based on current polling data.


But it's not going to happen, is it?

turn 2 : The catcher is tough and plays a crucial role in the pitcher's success.

turn 2 : The speaker believes that Manny Ramirez deserves to be the MVP of the National League due to his impact on the Dodgers team and the irony of him working with Joe Torre. The speaker also believes that justice should prevail and Manny should win, despite the possibility of it not happening. The speaker is enthusiastic about the drama and excitement of the situation.

turn 2 : (2) Implied meaning: Was that the highlight of your baseball career?

turn 2 : Having a good catcher is crucial for the team's success and many great managers are former catchers.


But it's not going to happen, is it?

turn 2 : Pleases the court could mean "good enough for the court" or something like that.

turn 2 : Case is a legal judgement that will take place before a judge.

turn 2 : A implies that justice would be served if Manny were to be voted MVP due to his outstanding performance.

turn 2 : He has not been on a bench but has been working as a judge for some time.

turn 2 :  The actual meaning of this turn is that professional athletes should take advantage of the opportunities they have and make the most of them, because they may not get the same opportunity again.


Yes.

And so tell me about this toilet.

OK. This is a prototype that was displayed after one year of research. So eight major universities around the world were tasked with coming up with a new approach to completely handle the waste, basically, with no traditional urban infrastructure. In other words, it should operate in the absence of an electrical grid. It should operate in the absence of piped-in water, the subject of your previous conversations. And it should basically function at low cost and be available to the developing world within a three to four-year period of time.

And what is yours - what does your prototype look like?

turn 2 : Water infrastructure is a critical yet underappreciated aspect of our economy and daily lives, and requires more attention and investment.

turn 2 : This implies that the toilet designed is an advance toilet that needs no piped-in water and electrical grid to function which will also be more useful for developing countries because of it low cost.

turn 2 : They need the countries to realize this is the way things should be done in other countries.

turn 2 : They want to design a way to keep plants's internal system working even when they are indoors.


That is correct. I was a young editor. And Fleming was a charming man. I liked him enormously. I liked him better than I liked his books actually. He had my first novel and was very, very kind to me about that. Ayn Rand was another case all together. She and I really didn't get along. But she was a tough cookie.

Among the many question this novel keeps raising is it invites the reader to try to figure out what are we really?And it's asking what's the position of the novel, the story, not even just the novel as a forum, but the story.

What I've learned doing this kind of work is that fiction is the most conservative of the arts. If you think historically what has happened in music or among the poets - Whitman in the 19th century just destroying romantic poetry and building a whole kind of new thing. The ideas carried along by the artists who keep changing, keep looking for more, or for something truer, something greater. But generally speaking, the insistence on storytelling of a realistic nature has predominated and continued in the old ways. So, what I'm guided by - perhaps it's futile - is Ezra Pound's injunction. When he was talking to the poets, he said make it new, make it new. And that's what must have been provoking me when this book came along.

Well, E. L.  Doctorow. His new novel, "Andrew's Brain. "Thanks so much for being with us.

turn 2 : The kids will begin to think of ideas as they explore on their own.

turn 2 : "something new is taking its place" - The literal meaning of this statement is that something is being replaced by something else. The intended meaning is that a new type of swimwear is being introduced to replace a previously banned type.

turn 2 : , the phrase "make it new" is not suggesting that the reader should literally create something new, but rather that they should explore new ideas and concepts.

turn 2 : turn is to challenge the idea that the proposal was a great idea in the first place.

turn 2 :  "shed new light on this subject" - This phrase is used figuratively to mean providing new and insightful information about a subject, rather than literally illuminating something.


But Barack Obama blew right straight through half a million, a million. He's now approaching a million and a half donors. And of course they are not all giving the maximum amount of money, most of them are just giving 100 dollars or less, or 200 dollars or less. Nonetheless, the size, the base of that fundraising operation means that he can raise all the money that he needs, including, very possibly, money that would go to help retire Hillary Clinton's campaign debt after she does drop out, assuming some day she does.

Well Ron, thanks so much.

Thank you, Farai.

That was NPR's senior Washington editor Ron Elving, and he joined me at NPR headquarters in Washington, D. C.

turn 0 : The president's words are exaggerated and they are not meant to be taken literally.

turn 0 : "creating a sense of movement among the millions who now acclaim him as the best thing that happened to American politics since Jack Kennedy." - This implies that Barack Obama has generated a significant amount of enthusiasm and support from a large number of people, which goes beyond his role as a senator and his political legitimacy.

turn 0 : Joe Blow isn't a real person. It implies someone who is just a regular guy who has little power.

turn 0 : (1) - The actual meaning is that every president in their first year faces unexpected challenges, and Donald Trump is currently facing one. He may be feeling the pressure and acting out as a result.

turn 0 : "blow right straight through" - This is an idiomatic expression that means to exceed a goal or a limit with great force or speed. It does not mean that Barack Obama physically blew through anything.


Well Ron, thanks so much.

Thank you, Farai.

turn 3 : "joined me" - This is an idiomatic expression that means to come together for a meeting or an event. It does not mean that Ron Elving physically joined the person he is speaking to.

turn 3 : joining us implies being part of a program or activity and not referring to mixing or attaching people together

turn 3 : "Joining me now" does not imply that Jamie Raskin physically joined the interviewer in the same location, but rather that he is participating in the conversation remotely or over a video call. This is an example of a figurative or idiomatic use of language where the intended meaning is different from the literal meaning of the words used.


(Laughter) You know, initially, these started as two separate essays - an essay about pregnancy and an essay about my eating disorder that I had been trying to write for 15 years. And, you know, on one level, there was, you know, a very physical experience of stepping on the scale at my doctor's office and thinking, oh, this is the first time I've wanted the scale to read higher, and remembering back to this secret scale in my closet in college and how I would go in obsessively and religiously and just want the number to be lower and lower and thinking, what's the difference between that self then and this self now?

But it was also important to say, I think we can get really attached to these conversion narratives of self to say, I was this way back then, and I've gone 180 degrees, and I'm a totally different self now; I've left that old self behind. But I don't think that's how it works. I don't think we leave our old selves behind. I think we have to reckon with them. And this essay is also me reckoning with the ways that I've changed and with the ways that the ghosts of the old selves and the old fixations are still there, too.

Leslie Jamison, thank you so much for your time.

Thank you so much for your questions and for having me.

turn 0 : a lot of stuff means there is a massive amount

turn 0 : a pound refers and implies to a body weight and not one British pound

turn 0 : All they have is the way of life that takes place outside of buildings.

turn 0 : 50 pounds  implies a weight and not referring to 50 British pounds

turn 0 : They would go in every day without fail to weigh themself.


Like we have a song together called, "You Think You Got It Bad. "And what I do is, you know, we'll play the track. Then we'll ask him what do he think it needs?And he goes in the studio and do it. You know, it's never something like boy, you can write something for somebody else. You just have to leave everybody creatively open and just hope that it'll all work out.

(Singing) Everything happens for a reason. . .

Now, one of your collaborators, T. I. , was just sentenced to jail on weapons charges. He's, you know, hasn't started serving, yet. But you spent some time in jail yourself. And do you have any advice for someone like T. I. on how to deal with doing time?

Yeah. I think, you know, it is an opportunity. I mean, it's kind of a sad opportunity. I hate to, you know, get an opportunity to have a lot of time with yourself like that. But seeing as if you do, you have the ability to focus on something completely. You have no other outside circumstances that just need your attention like that. You know, he could, you know, write songs. He could find the cure to cancer. He could do anything, man.

turn 0 : "what we think it is it's multifunctional" - This phrase is redundant and can be simplified to "we think it is multifunctional."

turn 0 : B is asking A if he/she thought carefully before doing something.

turn 0 : "what do he think it needs?" - The actual meaning is "what does he think it needs?" The use of "do" instead of "does" is not grammatically correct, but it is a common feature of some dialects of English.

turn 0 : He says to call him a guy that likes to do things the way they used to be done years ago. He cautions against thinking that bringing people together will make them suddenly realize how wrong they had been.

turn 0 : The speaker is not actually asking a question but rather implying that the need has not yet been established.


turn 2 : "doing time" - The actual meaning of this phrase is serving a prison sentence. However, the intended meaning could be that this is an opportunity for self-reflection and personal growth.

turn 2 : The implied meaning of turn (1) is to hurry up and finish the task quickly.

turn 2 : (Singing) The warden threw a party in the county jail. The prison band was there, and they began to wail. The band was jumpin' and the joint began to swing.  Implicated meaning: The warden organizing a party in the county jail and having the prison band perform creates an atmosphere of excitement and enjoyment, turning the otherwise somber and restrictive environment of a jail into a lively and energetic place.

turn 2 : "There's people who become who they are on the inside."  This turn is a figurative expression that means some people change and grow emotionally and mentally while incarcerated.

turn 2 : Turn (2) has a figurative meaning, as "adding two years to this process" does not necessarily mean that it would have taken two years longer to conduct the interview. It could mean that the process would have been further prolonged or complicated.


turn 3 : The literal meaning of this turn is that the bloggers on News and Views referred to the scandal involving the Detroit mayor's text messages as "textual healing." However, the implied meaning is that the bloggers are using a humorous or ironic phrase to refer to a serious and potentially damaging scandal. The phrase "textual healing" is a play on words on the song "Sexual Healing" by Marvin Gaye and suggests that the scandal is being trivialized or made light of.

turn 3 : The literal meaning of this sentence is that it is still early in the development of CRISPR-based treatments. However, the implied meaning is that it is still too soon to tell if these treatments will be successful.

turn 3 : "So crack down on the doctors, but make sure there's a support system ready for their patients."  The implied meaning of this turn is that while it is necessary to hold doctors accountable for any role they may have played in fueling addiction, it is equally important to ensure that patients receive the necessary support to cope with the aftermath of addiction.

turn 3 : "And now, you know, providing them with quality help and watching them change their lives is one of the most fun things that I've ever been involved with... we need to make evidence-based treatment available without the stigma that goes along with it."  The implied meaning of this turn is that providing quality help to people struggling with addiction and witnessing their transformations is incredibly rewarding. The speaker believes that access to evidence-based treatment should be expanded, and the stigma surrounding seeking help for addiction should be reduced.

turn 3 : "find the cure to cancer" - The actual meaning of this phrase is to discover a treatment or cure for cancer. However, the intended meaning could be that this is an opportunity for T.I. to focus on something positive and productive, rather than simply serving time in prison.


You don't have to do that. You are not alone in this process.

(Laughter).

Really, when you're ordering a bottle of wine, you only need to give two pieces of information - one, your budget. And do not be ashamed. Do not be embarrassed. We all have a budget. Secondly, your taste. Now, that could be as specific as saying, I had an incredible Adelsheim Oregon pinot noir the other night - what do you have like that?Or it could be as broad as saying, I like things that smell like peach.

And from there, if you have a good sommelier, they're going to be able to guide you to the hidden gems on that menu. And I have to say, it's a pleasure to be able to have a conversation with someone about what they like and to take them on a journey through this glass of wine because a good glass of wine is that. I didn't believe it in the beginning, but I came around to really experience it as a way to travel through time and place without ever leaving your seat.

turn 1 : (1) "B: (Laughter)." This turn implies that B found something funny or amusing, but it does not provide any literal information or statement.

turn 1 : the literal meaning is that the other person laughs in response to something that was said.

turn 1 : B's laughter does not have a literal meaning but is likely a response to something humorous or lighthearted in the conversation.

turn 1 : B finds something amusing or funny, but it's not clear what


(Laughter).

turn 3 : Implicated meaning: The descriptions used in the wine tasting group were incredibly imaginative and evocative, to the point where they seemed like mystical incantations or enchantments found in a Wiccan book of love spells. It implies that the language used to describe the flavors and aromas of wine can be poetic, enchanting, and highly creative, going beyond literal descriptions.

turn 3 :  where the speaker uses words that are not typically associated with wine tasting, such as "burnt hair," "desiccated strawberry," and "armpit," to describe the taste of wine. The implied meaning is that sommeliers use highly imaginative and unconventional ways to describe the taste of wine, which may not be easily understandable to the average person.

turn 3 : "he believes wines can recontextualize people's places in the universe." Here, the speaker is using the metaphorical phrase "recontextualize people's places in the universe" to describe the transformative power of wine to change people's perceptions, experiences, and understanding of the world. The literal meaning of "recontextualize people's places in the universe" would be related to astronomy or physics, and not to the sensory experience of wine.

turn 3 : the statement by A about a good glass of wine being a way to travel through time and place without leaving your seat is a metaphorical expression. It suggests that drinking a good glass of wine can provide a sensory experience that evokes different sensations and transports you to different contexts, even though you are physically still in your seat.

turn 3 : People feel intimidated by the specialized wine culture.


So his plan is pretty sweeping and includes gun control measures, and he calls for the end to the federal death penalty. But there's one big, overarching aspect of it - this grant program intended to incentivize states to incarcerate people less and rehabilitate people more. Broad strokes, he says he's looking to shrink the incarcerated population.

Now, his plan has drawn some criticism, maybe most loudly from New Jersey senator Cory Booker, who is himself running for president. He called Biden's plan, quote, "inadequate. "And he also said that it doesn't go far enough - that, for example, it should make more use of the president's clemency powers, that it should legalize marijuana instead of simply decriminalizing it. But also, very pointedly, Booker called Biden, quote, "an architect of mass incarceration" - this really big insult that he lobbed at him.

Now, that strong words there.

Yes. Yes. And it's a reference to the 1994 crime bill, which critics and some experts say contributed to mass incarceration of African American men in America. So one thing that we are seeing here - it's an ongoing dynamic in this race - is that, on the one hand, Joe Biden uses his long resume, his long political career to his benefit on the trail. He uses it as a way of saying, look - I'm qualified to do this. But on the other hand, that long career means that his opponents have found a lot of past Biden positions and actions that they are weaponizing against him.

turn 0 : (1) Implied meaning: Is this plan risky?

turn 0 : The implied meaning of the first turn is that people have become apathetic to the problems facing the city and are not taking action.

turn 0 : when a plan is sweeping it means it changes a lot of things and can be life changing

turn 0 : The situation is uncertain and they need to take it one step at a time

turn 0 : at the end of the day means something is likely going to happen or what happens after everything else.


And then bringing production back to the United States is not possible and realistic because we don't have a labor pool here. The president is closing the borders to low-skill labor. So who's going to make the product?

Now, if President Trump does go through with imposing tariffs on toy imports from China after the holiday season - let me ask you - could you afford to maintain most of your production in China still?

Well, we really won't have a choice but to find a way to afford it. And the one way to afford it is, we will have to, at some point during the course of 2020, begin to pass the tariffs along to the consumer.

So how much of a price hike are we talking for, say, like, a Cutetito?

turn 0 : The situation in Chinese factories is dire with many factories closed and workers losing their jobs, including millions of migrant workers.

turn 0 : China is trying to negotiate the best possible deal while doing as little as possible to please Trump.

turn 0 : Market access in China was protected by the government for start-ups, but now it's time to open up and increase access for American businesses

turn 0 : The US does not have enough low-skilled labor to bring production back and imposing tariffs will make it difficult to manufacture products in China.


They were still very poor. She still was saddled with this really enormous burden of caring for a child who's both extremely physically disabled and HIV positive, and I think she really struggled with - you know, she wanted to live, and she still is doing very well, but she also - she had these demons that kept pursuing her, I think.

You have a really interesting section where you talk about basically ethical decisions that reporters have to make. And, in essence, you say reporters, most reporters, wouldn't think anything of taking a government minister out for a fancy dinner, but they wouldn't buy mealy-meal and vegetables for a poor family. And yet they're extracting the same, if not more, amounts of information from the poor family as from the government minister.

You made a decision in some of these cases to really try to help the family. How did you make that decision?

Well, I mean, I think I realized from the very beginning when I was starting the process of doing research for this book that I wasn't going to be able to maintain a completely objective journalistic stance, you know, if the idea was to go back again and again over a long period. And you know, one of the advantages of writing a book as opposed to a newspaper article or something shorter is that you do have the luxury of being able to explain that relationship to the readers.

turn 0 : The literal meaning is that the speaker is expressing love and gratitude towards their mother. However, the implied meaning is that the speaker's mother had a difficult childhood and overcame it to become a great parent to the speaker.

turn 0 : She probably did not literally say "OK" etc. The implication is simply that she thought these types of things and decided to act upon them.

turn 0 : The phrase "she had these demons that kept pursuing her" in turn (1) is an idiomatic expression that means she had personal issues or problems that continued to affect her.

turn 0 : "larger struggles that were embodied in those arguments" Actual meaning: The arguments between the speaker and their mother were about more significant issues. Non-literal meaning: None.

turn 0 : In this turn, the implied meaning goes beyond the literal meaning of "never took no for an answer." The speaker is highlighting the person's resilience and determination in the face of obstacles. It implies that despite facing rejection or setbacks, the person persisted and fought back, even using physical force if necessary.


turn 1 : Actual meaning: B is challenging A's position and implying that it is morally questionable. Literal meaning: B is asking A if they want to align themselves with people who cut 3 percent from the Meals on Wheels budget.

turn 1 : The World Food Programme has to decide who is not going to get food due to the lack of resources, and those who are most in need often have to go without.

turn 1 :  (2) The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker is curious to know what kind of help the two people provided each other with during their lunch time.

turn 1 : In turn (2), the phrase "taking a government minister out for a fancy dinner" and "buy mealy-meal and vegetables for a poor family" are not meant to be taken literally. Instead, they represent the difference in treatment and priorities that reporters have towards those in positions of power versus those who are marginalized or disadvantaged.

turn 1 : In turn (2), the speaker acknowledges that people who own properties are more likely to benefit from property buyouts. However, the implied meaning is that the property buyout program may reinforce existing socioeconomic disparities, as people with more wealth are generally more often property owners. This suggests that the program may not be equally accessible to everyone, which is different from the literal meaning of the turn.


When you lament where the company is, do you feel there are steps that can be taken to bring it back to the loftier values that, you know, you first believed were true?

Yeah, I think there are steps, but I don't think they're kind of what Uber should do. I think they're what regulators and lawmakers and sort of society should do. I mean, sort of a very easy step would be to, you know, re-examine this independent contractor status of their drivers and see if there's some way to have them be employees or gain some equity in the company. That would be one way.

So basically you're saying, as we're about to hoo and ha over the massive figure of possibly a hundred billion dollars in worth - regulators, pay attention and protect the drivers and the little people in the game?

Yeah. And I think actually, you know, Uber going public may prompt that - which we are seeing strikes. We are seeing protests from drivers. And we're in this moment where lawmakers, presidential candidates, regulators are paying more attention to this industry and its effects on the world. So I don't think Uber's IPO is going to be the end of the story for its drivers and for its culture. I think it's, you know, maybe the beginning of a new, more restrictive, you know, oversight over the company.

turn 2 : Car companies want to know the future regulations to plan ahead

turn 2 : The current economic situation requires more than loans to help the auto companies - other measures must be taken.

turn 2 : The Big Three auto companies are facing financial difficulties.

turn 2 : Regulators should protect the interests of drivers and other small players in the industry


turn 3 : It would be better if the wealth created by Uber was distributed more equitably.

turn 3 : Uber promised to make transportation more efficient and eco-friendly by getting more people in fewer cars on the road, but this promise has not been fully realized.

turn 3 : They are implying that deals are done in inappropriate places

turn 3 : The speaker used to believe Uber was a positive disruptor in the transportation industry, but now feels differently due to issues with the company's business practices and impact on society.

turn 3 : The public offering will not be the end of scrutiny and oversight over Uber


Oh, the case is certainly not closed. Don't forget. You have the inspector general that will be issuing the report very soon on the whole origin of this claim backed up by the Steele dossier that the president was colluding with the Russians. We now know the Steele dossier was a complete fabrication.

We should note Mueller declined to take questions on that today, so we didn't get any light shed on that today. Go on.

Correct. And right behind that, we have the U. S.  attorney's office investigating misconduct in both the intelligence and justice agencies. And we expected that to come out. And it has to because this is the use of the most powerful agencies in the federal government. And if, as is now becoming apparent, they were being used not by the Russian government but by the American government first to influence the 2016 election - and having failed that, to then undermine the duly elected president - that is a major development in American history. And we have to get on top of it.

Republican Congressman Tom McClintock of California - Congressman, thanks so much.

My pleasure. Thanks for having me.

turn 0 : you imply that something is the case you imply that something is the case

turn 0 : case closed meaning sufficiently looked into and dismissed

turn 0 : implies a request for a summary of the facts of the case

turn 0 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer


It may be, except that the month of May had largely passed before the latest round of trade threats began. So these numbers appear to have more to do with where the overall economy stands after roughly a decade of expansion. We're well into the late stage of the cycle. And some degree of slowdown may be expected. Still, the weak jobs numbers highlighted the dangers of more trade war at this moment.

Impeachment continues a kind of slow roll. Now, you've made the distinction between an impeachment inquiry and actual impeachment proceedings. I wonder if this distinction is lost on many of the American people as they respond to public opinion polls. I mean, Senator Pelosi - or Speaker Pelosi said this week she thinks a lot of people think that impeachment means removing the president from office. Of course, it doesn't.

It doesn't unless the Senate goes along, and you're right. It's a tough issue to poll in part because of that misimpression. And as we have said before, the percentage that favor impeachment as they understand it is well under half. And in fact, it's lower than it was back in September. And the number of House members who favor impeachment has grown. It's up around 60, but that's still only about a quarter of the total Democratic caucus. So this is less a broad mandate from the people than it is a rallying cry for the activist core.

NPR, the PBS NewsHour and Marist organization polled the views of Americans on abortion, and there are both lots of nuance but also some clear generalities, aren't there?

turn 0 : The numbers are not completely confirmed and memories of the trade war are what people are thinking about.

turn 0 : A lot of people are out of work and jobs are getting harder to find.

turn 0 : The dominance of the dollar gives the US considerable power in international trade.

turn 0 : The United States uses its power in international trade to exert influence over other countries

turn 0 : The weak jobs numbers highlight the dangers of more trade war.


Take Darwin, for example. His theory of evolution by natural selection, the key to that theory, the way favorable traits are passed on, it's through genes. The only problem is Darwin did not understand genetics. In fact, his original idea of how inheritance worked would have been discredited. It would have discredited the whole process of evolution.

And it's just one of the fascinating stories in my next guest's book, "Brilliant Blunders: From Darwin to Einstein. "Mario Livio is the author. He's also an astrophysicist at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore. Welcome back to SCIENCE FRIDAY, Dr.  Livio.

Thank you for having me, Ira.

All these people made great mistakes.

turn 0 : In turn (2), the actual meaning is that speech was a difficult problem for Darwin to explain and understand, rather than speech causing trouble or vexation for Darwin, as the word "bedeviled" might suggest.

turn 0 : Darwin's theory of evolution has flaws due to his lack of understanding of genetics.

turn 0 : Some successful scientists adopt unconventional approaches after achieving something significant.

turn 0 : The theory he came up with wasn't derogatory.


Thank you for having me, Ira.

All these people made great mistakes.

turn 2 : having me implies hosting me and having someone as a guest

turn 2 : having me implies hosting me and where someone is a guest

turn 2 : having me implies hosting someone or a guest, not owning the person

turn 2 : having me implies hosting someone or engaging with someone and not referring to owning someone


Hate is the easier part. I hate being away from my kids and my family. That's really tough to be gone as much as I am. And I love to play live for people. I love to see people, you know, enjoy themselves and enjoy music. And when it's my music it's even better.

What do you think is going to happen to art as we go through these tough times?

Oh, I think art will survive. During these times, movies and music don't seem to suffer that much because, I mean, music gets you through all this stuff.

And where are you headed next?I mean, in terms of creatively. Are you going to go back and make another country album?I mean, what do you think - besides touring, which I know you are. . .

turn 2 : Art helps people escape from the harsh reality of life.

turn 2 : The hard work and emotions put into creating art are not always acknowledged or remembered.

turn 2 : Having it to compared music as poetry and music has the heartstrings of everyone listening to the melodies of the instrument and words.

turn 2 : TI has faced some challenges but people still look forward to his music

turn 2 : Despite tough times, art will survive and music helps people cope.


Yeah, I think it's good. You know, I think it's a good thing. I mean, obviously you're not always going to hear what you want to hear, but you know, it's all part and parcel of growing up and you just kind of like taking things on board. Whether you, you know - it's really down to you whether you want to take a lot of what they say on board. But I actually enjoy reading it, and I don't expect every review to be glowing or anything like that. But I think it's important to kind of know what people feel, and think about your music out there.

(Singing)

In your eyes you'll always be the greatest Something to celebrate it

This is a little bit of a digression, but there are so many people who are African-Brits, or African-Americans, in the sense of having immigrated from Africa, or having parents who did. And I think that there's a moment in time, in the U. S.  in part, because you have a Barack Obama, where people are saying, Oh, well yeah, there's all these different flavors of blackness. How does that play into your work at all?

I don't really - I don't think I'm effected by that, as such, because I kind of am originally I - you know, I was born in Zambia, so I'm African first and foremost.

But you came over so young.

turn 0 : It is better to be transparent about the negative aspects.

turn 0 : Not feedback from everyone in the universe but a wide variety of people on the planet giving feedback.

turn 0 : It's important to receive feedback even if it's not always positive.

turn 0 : The speaker is often expecting bad things to happen, so when something good happens, it's more exceptional than usual.

turn 0 : .I think the only thing that can overcome negative is positive


(Singing)

But you came over so young.

turn 0 : It's important to receive constructive criticism for personal growth.

turn 0 : People should pursue their dreams and not let negative opinions stop them from achieving success.

turn 0 : People want to work hard for things.

turn 0 : It's important to take risks and learn from failure.


Yes. Well, the Mayan mom would then just drop the kid off with the neighbor or the aunt and say, fine. I'm going to spend the day at the beach by myself. No worries (laughter). This actually brings up a second thing about the Mayan parenting style that's really different from us. And that's this idea that the Mayan mom is not stuck in a box.

Not stuck in a box. What does that mean?

So in our culture, there's this idea that the ideal thing for kids is, like, a stay-at-home mom who focuses her attention on the children. That ends up in practice being is that you have Mom stuck in a box, an apartment in the city, a big house in the suburbs. But if you look around the world, this is not how the parent-child relationship evolved at all or how kids have been raised for hundreds of thousands of years. Instead, the kids are raised by a whole slew of people - grandmas, aunts, nosy neighbors. And so what we do is actually really strange and maybe, arguably, one of the most untraditional family forms that has existed.

Wow. So I guess the takeaway for this Mother's Day is. . .

turn 0 : Despite the difficult situation, A's parents are okay

turn 0 : See how he treats his mom poorly or disrespectfully

turn 0 : Losing a parent can have a profound impact on someone's life.

turn 0 : She does not want to deal with her grandmother no longer speaking to her.

turn 0 : The mom is not confined to doing things one way and staying in one place.


NPR's Tovia Smith has been following the story from Boston and joins us now. Tovia, let's begin with what you saw in court today.

Well, Felicity Huffman actually broke down in tears in court as she explained to the judge that her daughter knew nothing about the scam and that her daughter's accommodation for extra time on tests was legit. But she then pleaded guilty to conspiracy to commit mail fraud, admitting that she paid $15,000 to get her daughter's SAT scores boosted by having someone correct the answers after the daughter took the test.

And we know Huffman is among the most high-profile of defendants, along with the other Hollywood star Lori Loughlin, but another parent also pleaded guilty in court today, and that is LA businessman Devin Sloane, who was involved in a different angle of this scam. He paid bribes to get his son recruited to the USC water polo team even though the son was never a competitive player. And the dad went so far as to get someone to photoshop pictures of his son to look like he was. And he paid $250,000 in bribes that were disguised as charitable donations.

Sloane and Huffman are among 20 parents, coaches, others to plead guilty. What are they hoping for?

turn 0 : "joins us now" - Literal meaning: Tovia Smith physically joins the radio program at that moment. Actual meaning: Tovia Smith starts speaking on the radio program.

turn 0 : (1) "Right." This turn does not convey any literal meaning, but it serves as a signal that the listener is following the speaker's train of thought and agrees with what has been said. It is a type of backchanneling, which is a signal that the listener is actively listening and engaged in the conversation.

turn 0 : "We're going to talk about Michigan." - This turn has a literal meaning and is also used with its actual meaning.

turn 0 : The literal meaning of turn (4) is that B is interrupting A to introduce the radio program they are both on, "SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR," and to announce their names. However, the implied meaning is that B is politely interrupting A to take over as the host of the radio program.

turn 0 : "But well..." - This is an expression that doesn't have a literal meaning. It is an interjection that is often used to indicate hesitation, a change of subject, or a transition in conversation.


turn 1 :  by person A is different from its literal meaning. While the words used in the turn are clear, the intended meaning is metaphorical. Person A is saying that they are emotionally overwhelmed but are trying to maintain their composure to continue doing the necessary work. The phrase "fall apart" is not meant to be taken literally, but rather as a figurative expression for losing control or breaking down emotionally.

turn 1 : The tear in your eye is not a literal tear, but a metaphor for sadness or emotions

turn 1 : "broke down in tears" - Literal meaning: Felicity Huffman physically collapsed into tears. Actual meaning: Felicity Huffman became emotional and started crying.

turn 1 : The person implies that they cried all week. Actually they are just implying that they were emotionally affected for days by the poem.

turn 1 : The actual meaning of (3) is, A is expressing a feeling of sadness and nostalgia over the loss of a loved one.


People on the ground are really panicking. Women, children, families have been, on a daily basis for the last four months, been in an area where there's been bombing, airstrikes, ground offensives that has really made their life impossible. More than 400,000 had to run to safety within the governorate in an area where 3 million people are living. We've had more than a hundred incidents of health clinics, schools, water distribution points, a market that received a direct strike, which was really - has tolled, so far, more than 500 deaths and a total panic where one sees entire villages and towns deserted, people running to safety.

So our biggest concern is really the protection of civilians. The basic rule of war - that residential areas, civilians should be respected and protected - it is violated at this point in the Idlib area. And that's really something that is not acceptable.

We should remind people, in fact, a direct intentional attack on civilians is a war crime, isn't it?

It is. If it's proven that it's intentional, it is.

turn 0 : A is concerned about the possibility of violent conflict with no other options.

turn 0 : People that are in the area of the conflict while it is happening.

turn 0 : they are trying to imply they want peace not war instead

turn 0 : People are not playing a game but taking part in a military conflict.

turn 0 : There is a risk of a catastrophic situation if a full war breaks out in the area with civilians


Tom Durkin, the voice of the Triple Crown. He is retiring in August. This will be his last Belmont stakes. Good luck to you, OK.

All right Scott. And new when you retire, maybe we'll go out and play golf or something.

(Laughter). All right. Golf huh. Let's go to the track.

Did B. J. Leiderman write this?He wrote our theme music. You're listening to WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News.

turn 1 : The actual meaning of (2) is that Scott Kelly is expressing his joy and relief at being able to experience something he has not felt in over a year,

turn 1 :  (2) Pleasure, Scott. (implied meaning: It is a pleasure to be here with you, Scott.)

turn 1 : The implied meanings in (2) are that Scott should enjoy his retirement and do something fun with Tom Durkin after he retires.

turn 1 : The implied meaning in this turn is that B is suggesting that Rob Kuznia should be hopeful of getting a job offer from a big-time newspaper editor.

turn 1 : In (2), B asks about working with actors and acknowledges that the actor's performance is distinct from the creator's vision in graphic novels. The literal meaning of the words is straightforward and does not imply any additional or hidden meanings. However, the implied meaning is that B is curious about the challenges A faces in collaborating with actors, and whether A finds it frustrating to work with actors who have their own interpretation of the material.


Hi, David.

So we have heard so many different messages, I mean, from President Trump in terms of removing U. S.  forces, keeping U. S.  forces there, claims of victory, backing off claims of victory. What exactly is the situation right now?

Well, the U. S. -backed coalition does appear to be in the final stages of the actual combat. But what exactly the victory entails, what it achieves, how final it proves to be, those are all still open questions. Over the weekend, the Syrian Democratic Forces, the SDF - they're the ones actually in there trying to seize this last bit of ISIS control - said it would be over in a matter of days. There could still be some intense fighting, though, between now and then.

SDF commanders say some of those airstrikes that have been pounding the ground were targeting vehicle bombs left by ISIS. There was a Twitter post from an SDF spokesman. He said three car bombs were taken out. And there's - he also said it's going to be over soon, this battle. There's estimates hundreds of ISIS fighters are left. They're not going anywhere without a fight. But it sounds like a victory over those fighters is being portrayed as more a question of when rather than if.

turn 1 : The literal meaning of turn (1) is a request for information about the options available to the United States at present. The implied meaning, however, is that the speaker is concerned about the situation in Syria and is looking for possible courses of action that the United States could take to address the root cause of the humanitarian crisis there. The speaker believes that the Assad regime's practice of shelling populated areas not under its control is the main driver behind the crisis and that this should be the focus of the United States' response.

turn 1 : Although the literal meaning of this turn is simply asking for a description of the current situation, the implied meaning behind it is that the speaker is expressing frustration or confusion about the conflicting messages they have heard from President Trump regarding the removal or retention of U.S. forces in Syria. It could be interpreted as a way of questioning the credibility of the information that has been provided so far and seeking clarification or a more definitive answer.

turn 1 :  (2) Implied meaning: The US is in a difficult situation with North Korea and Russia, and the president's actions have made it even more difficult.

turn 1 : (1) In turn (1), the speaker implies that the arrest of the two prominent individuals is concerning and raises questions about the current situation in Iraq.


What do people need most right now?

People are getting really frustrated in the area that was hardest hit. We went by a shelter where you've got hundreds of people packed into a school. You know, they have not had any aid that's come in there. You know, food has been cut off. You've got some areas that have been just completely cut off from any access at all, including, you know, cellphone service, so people haven't been able to even communicate.

The needs are absolutely huge. I mean, there's just large swaths of the southwest of this country that were just, sort of, completely crushed by this hurricane. And, you know, it's even kind of hard to even tally what is going to be needed but certainly roofing material so that people can get back into their homes. And there's definitely going to be a need for food and water in these areas.

What are the problems in getting aid to arrive?

turn 1 : "Harder hit" doesn't refer to a literal, physical hit, it just means they suffer the consequences more than they usually do.

turn 1 : Everybody getting hurt doesn't mean physically hurt but that everybody is experiencing difficulties.

turn 1 : The literal meaning of the turn is asking why they want to cause violence, but the implied meaning is asking why they find violence appealing or attractive.

turn 1 : "Well, a tough story to report." - This turn is a figurative expression that means the story is emotionally difficult to report, rather than physically difficult.

turn 1 : People are getting really frustrated in the area that was hardest hit. Implicated meaning: The situation in the area that was hardest hit is causing significant emotional distress and dissatisfaction among people.


Super Saver and Calvin Borel one full length from Derby here. Noble's Promise runs in second. Patty O'Connell is now third. Make Music for Me, Big Mountain, (Unintelligible) on the outside and they're coming down to the finish. And it is Super Saver.

Wow. Now it occurred to me, when we were during some preparation on you - like a baseball announcer, all he or she has to do is go, when there's a home run - Yoho.

(Laughter).

But you have to rattle off eight or nine names that might have been unfamiliar to you - just a couple of - I mean, how you do it?

turn 1 :  The turn of phrase whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning is:  (2) "out of the gate" - in this context, it means how well the horse starts the race from the starting gate, rather than literally coming out of a gate.

turn 1 : The speaker is using Scottish slang to describe animals.

turn 1 : The speaker is suggesting that if people remain calm, then the horses will remain calm as well.

turn 1 : All the turns in this conversation appear to have their literal meanings, and there are no metaphors, figurative language or idioms used.

turn 1 :  (2) is a metaphor that implies the speaker was impressed by the announcer's ability to quickly and accurately recite all the names of the horses.


(Laughter).

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using humor or sarcasm to make a point or convey a message in a lighthearted way.

turn 2 : (3) is a sign of amusement, indicating the speaker was laughing at the metaphor.

turn 2 : (3) is a short form of "I will," meaning "I understand," indicating agreement with the speaker's sentiment.

turn 2 : The literal meaning of (3) and (4) is that A and B are laughing, but their actual meaning is that A and B are joking with each other.


You have tough words for President Obama in your Sun-Times column that's been posted now. Let me quote you, "The president doesn't hurry, not even when his city is bleeding. "

Those tough words are a function of - he's at the top of the Department of Justice. The Department of Justice - the feds seldom, if ever, hurry. And this - if they did engage in this - would be a civil rights case. While - when Laquan McDonald was shot and lay bleeding on the pavement after 16 bullets entered his body, the fact of the matter was that Ferguson, Mo. , had already jumped off. We were in the midst of other police situations in other major urban areas involving black youth and largely white officers. And so there was a real feeling of a cauldron boiling, and something - needed more largely than was being done to address it.

In Chicago, are there political implications here?

There are certainly political implications. When Laquan McDonald was shot, Rahm Emanuel was entering a tougher than normal mayoral re-election cycle. This would not have done well for him, so the city kept it quiet. But worse than that, Scott, worse than that is that the city and the union did not tell the truth about what happened. They both said hours after. . .

turn 1 : (4) The literal meaning of turn (4) is that the reporter contacted the Department of Justice for comment, but the implied meaning is that the reporter wants to highlight the lack of response from the Department of Justice, which can suggest a lack of transparency or accountability.

turn 1 :  Turn (2) implies that the Department of Justice was slow to act in response to a civil rights case, which is different from its literal meaning which is simply that it is a civil rights case

turn 1 : Case is a legal judgement that will take place before a judge.

turn 1 : (1) The actual meaning of turn (1) is different from its literal meaning, as it implies that the speaker is ready to defend their state against any legal challenges from the Trump administration and has a track record of success in litigation against them, indicating a confident and confrontational approach.


turn 2 : Turn (2) implies a question, implying that the speaker is asking if the shootings in San Bernardino represent something different than what we've seen in other mass shootings, and if they could be potentially inspired by something like a foreign authority-directed attack.

turn 2 : The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker is asking if the Alderman has any reservations about the safety of the St. Louis area, given the protests and violence that have been occurring.

turn 2 : Turn (3) implies that Rahm Emanuel had a political motivation to keep the shooting of Laquan McDonald quiet, which is different from its literal meaning which is simply asking if there are political implications in Chicago

turn 2 : The implied meaning of this turn is that there is a large number of progressive candidates running in the runoff election, and Mayor Emanuel's political action committee is trying to reduce their numbers.


The Trump administration - or at least the president - have indicated previously they don't share this conclusion. Saudi Embassy says the claims and the purported assessment are false. Now, let's note - President Trump has often criticized the U. S.  intelligence establishment, saying they're not right on Russia. Oh, yeah. They were the ones who said Iraq had weapons of mass destruction.

We have to ask, is there any indication in this CIA report, which has sources inside, that this is some kind of attempt by what the president's supporters call the deep state to bring him into line?

No, I don't think so. I mean, the CIA - you know, for all of the ways that the president somehow misunderstands how they operate - is looking at this situation objectively. And, yes, to some degree, they are factoring in subjective judgments about how people behave, like the crown prince. But this is not an attempt, I think, to, you know, bring the crown prince to heel or to somehow influence policy.

And we should note, too, the president, I mean, has been briefed on the CIA's findings. And what we understand is that he keeps resisting them because he doesn't have, I guess, the smoking gun. He keeps asking, well, where's the body?Or, show me the definitive proof that Mohammed bin Salman ordered this. And, you know, it doesn't always work that way.

turn 0 : The president may be lying about not being informed

turn 0 : "The Trump administration, or at least the president, has expressed doubt in the CIA's conclusion, and President Trump has previously criticized the U.S. intelligence establishment.

turn 0 : Despite congressional interest, the Trump administration is not listening to anyone but Donald Trump

turn 0 : The president's words are exaggerated and they are not meant to be taken literally.

turn 0 : The president is trying to prioritize the needs of those who have been forgotten by society.


turn 0 : Republicans in Congress are not doing enough to hold Donald Trump accountable for his actions and words

turn 0 : This statement implies that President Trump has a history of not trusting U.S. intelligence agencies, which may affect his response to the CIA report on the killing of Jamal Khashoggi.

turn 0 : This statement implies that George W. Bush is not as relevant in American politics as he used to be.


turn 1 : This statement implies a suggestion that some of President Trump's supporters may believe that the CIA report is an attempt to undermine his authority, rather than an objective assessment of the facts.

turn 1 : Implied meaning for turn (3): The questioner assumes that the speaker decided to support Donald Trump based on something he said, but the speaker clarifies that his decision was based on Trump's track record of job creation, as well as input from other people involved in the election.

turn 1 : (3) Suggests that Donald Trump is insecure about his intelligence.

turn 1 : Although the literal meaning of this turn is simply asking for a description of the current situation, the implied meaning behind it is that the speaker is expressing frustration or confusion about the conflicting messages they have heard from President Trump regarding the removal or retention of U.S. forces in Syria. It could be interpreted as a way of questioning the credibility of the information that has been provided so far and seeking clarification or a more definitive answer.


turn 2 : The first memorandum makes unfounded allegations to undermine the FBI.

turn 2 : So this attack is raising one of these fundamental issues that we talk about in the security world about whether NSA surveillance protects people or creates unexpected damage that does more harm than good."

turn 2 : This statement implies that the CIA is conducting an objective investigation and not trying to influence policy.

turn 2 : Implies that the sanctions put in place by the UN Security Council and the US government are more of the same and not necessarily new or different in any meaningful way.

turn 2 : This statement implies that A believes that the sanctions would have been better it were multilateral sanctions and not unilateral.


turn 3 : There is evidence that would support the Presidents statement.

turn 3 : (3) Suggests that Donald Trump is insecure about his intelligence.

turn 3 : A suggests that Trump's behavior is predictable in certain ways.

turn 3 : The President is worried about the contents of the report despite claiming exoneration and vindication.

turn 3 : This statement implies that President Trump is skeptical of the CIA's findings and is seeking irrefutable evidence before taking action.


Let me ask you this. Do you know Pat Cipollone?

We've met.

I assume he is also very familiar with the Constitution having gotten as far as he has in his legal career.

Look, he's doing what his client wants him to do.

turn 2 : The development could have a significant impact on drug storage.

turn 2 : The Trump administration wants drug companies to lower their prices.

turn 2 : The drug epidemic is pervasive and affects people from all walks of life.

turn 2 : Pat Cipollone has become well known and is making a great deal of money.

turn 2 : Johnson & Johnson's involvement in opioids was surprising.


We've met.

turn 3 : "Otherwise, blameless life." - The literal meaning of this turn is a statement about Manafort's past behavior, but its actual meaning is to mitigate his crimes and argue for a more lenient sentence.

turn 3 : Not taking action to prevent something harmful from happening is wrong.

turn 3 : He made a promise that was stressed by him and gave people the impression he would do it regardless of what happens.

turn 3 : He should not be blamed for anything as he only does what he is told to do.

turn 3 : The boss refuses to change their mind on what they think about situation.


Absolutely. I played hockey starting when I was 3, 4 years old, loved to go see the Canucks here in my hometown and, you know, certainly not only saw a lot of fights but kind of internalized the message that they were inherently good and valuable to the game of hockey.

And what happened that changed your view of the fighting?

So I went to a junior hockey game here in Vancouver. And it was just a regular night out with the boys, Friday night, drinking some beers, sat down in my seventh row seat. And it was one of those games where the gloves beat the puck to the ice. So there's a fight before the game even starts. And the crowd rises up around me. There's this guttural thunder. You hear it. And usually I would have been right there kind of cheering it along or not really paying it much mind.

But for some reason in that moment, I really zoned in on the two players' faces, and in that moment realized they're just children, and had to ask myself in that moment, what are we doing?We're 10,000 adults in a big room cheering for two kids to pulverize each other's faces. And I looked at the program, indeed - 16 and 17 years old. I've never been able to look at fighting the same since. But it would be a lie to say that there aren't a lot of people who are hockey fans who sincerely love this practice and this tradition.

turn 0 : It made the people that work in the sport of hockey realize the importance of what was happening. James McEwan's mental heath went down sharply.

turn 0 : The person believed that fighting was good and valuable for hockey and normal.

turn 0 : Despite differences, he saw the good in all people.

turn 0 : The man was highly involved in social events and had long-standing involvement with various organizations.


turn 2 : There was almost a competition for who had the authority of the the situation.

turn 2 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer

turn 2 : It was a game where the players fought with each other more than played the game.

turn 2 : People are not playing a game but taking part in a military conflict.


Some people, they thinking the sanction will bring the government down. The other people, they think that sanctioning Iran will damage more regular people's life. This is the war. The sanction is some kind of economic war. So war started long time ago based on the economy.

And finally, before we let you go, you know, in - there have been times in the past that Iranian Americans have mobilized, you know, despite the fact that - as you said, that there are lots of different perspectives about the relationship and how it should proceed. But most recently, for example, there were - Iranian Americans were organizing around opposing the Trump administration's efforts to make it harder for people from predominantly Muslim countries to come here - the so-called Muslim travel ban. Is there any sense, do you have any sense that the community is mobilizing in any particular way now, as these tensions are rising?Or is it just too soon, and people just aren't sure - aren't really sure what to do?

For the majority of the people, it is not time yet. Everything is just going back and forth. One day, they're attacking. Ten minutes later, they said, we stopped the attack. So people, they don't know what's going on. But still, in majority of the community, you are mostly against the war, no matter from each side.

That is Raza Goharzad. He hosts the show "Politics And Society With Reza Goharzad" on KIRN in Los Angeles. It's also known as Radio Iran. He also hosts a television show which is seen in Iran.

turn 2 : This statement implies that the situation is unpredictable and confusing for many people.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker has some reservations or doubts about the situation being discussed.

turn 2 : The speaker is suggesting that the situation might not be as serious or dangerous as it initially seemed.

turn 2 : The speaker is hinting that the situation is difficult or complex.

turn 2 : Implies that the speaker is asking for the other person's opinion about the political implications of the current situation.


I would just think about grilling as like any other type of cooking technique. It's really about time and temperature. So if you know how to cook at your stove, you understand high heat, medium heat, low heat, you can replicate that on a grill. It just has to do with how big a pile of charcoal you have and where it is in its lifecycle. So it's very hot at the beginning, and then it cools off a little bit. And then I would say simplify your seasonings. I have a whole section in my book that's all about salt, pepper, olive oil and lemon juice as being really essential and really fantastic.

OK.  Carla, you know I'm putting you on the spot here now - OK.  charcoal or gas?

Oh, this is a great question. I think that they're both great. I have charcoal. I love cooking over live fire. But if what you have is a gas grill and it gets you outside, enjoying cooking outside and making something that you love, then lean into your gas grill. It's all good.

That's Carla Lalli Music, food director at Bon Appetit magazine. She's the author of "Where Cooking Begins: Uncomplicated Recipes To Make You A Great Cook. "Carla, thanks so much for joining us. Happy Fourth.

turn 1 : The person is asking the other person if they can say someting that might make them think differently about something.

turn 1 : (2) The literal meaning of this turn is a simple question, but the implied meaning is that the speaker wants to know what actions can be taken to address the issue being discussed and is seeking guidance or suggestions.

turn 1 : They are asking if the other person can help them to understand what they mean.

turn 1 : They asked more questions to find out the answer and got one.

turn 1 : Carla being put on the spot meaning Carla is specifically being asked a question.


turn 2 : Leaning into your gas grill meaning simply use the grill.

turn 2 : (2) Grill: to question someone intensively and aggressively.

turn 2 : The size of the flame doesn't justify the high gas bill

turn 2 : Marinating after grilling doesn't involve the cooked meat/fish


I have. I was, yes, one of the scholars who figured it out by searching on Google. And it turns out that Jack of jack-o'-lantern fame was not such a terrible guy. In fact, he's quite clever and entrepreneurial. And he almost outwitted the devil, so that's the Irish folktale. Jack tricked the devil into climbing a tree to get him an apple. And then Jack carved a cross on the tree trunks so the devil couldn't get down. So Jack says I'll take away the cross if you promise never to send me to hell. So they made a deal, but, of course, the devil being the devil, he found a loophole. So he didn't send Jack to hell, but Jack was consigned to walk the earth forever, holding a lantern to light his way. And by the way - this is important - the lantern was made of a turnip, not a pumpkin. So somewhere along the line, the turnip industry got really screwed.

Have you ever opened the door and seen a trick of trick-or-treater dressed as B. J. Leiderman, who writes our theme music?

(Laughter) No. But that's a great idea for my kids today.

(Laughter).

turn 0 : A is in prison and has developed coping mechanisms to get through the day. He keeps himself busy and tries not to dwell on negative thoughts.

turn 0 : The work that he is doing is dangerous and scary. (Ebola implies deadly nature of the work)

turn 0 : He says to call him a guy that likes to do things the way they used to be done years ago. He cautions against thinking that bringing people together will make them suddenly realize how wrong they had been.

turn 0 : Jack's clever and entrepreneurial nature allows him to make a deal with the devil and escape from certain doom.

turn 0 : A does not require much money to work on his book and animation


Well, I think it was more like blind anger, as anyone would probably if you have, you know, the highest elected person in the land telling you that the - an entire congressional district is rat-infested and miserable and a horrible place when, of course, that's not true. And you have to sort of question his judgment, as this is not hardly the first time he has done something like this.

I'll put it bluntly. Did you take the bait?I mean, it seems like these repeated attacks are designed to cause controversy and to cause the media to engage.

Well, I think you've really hit the nail on the head. That's the - that is the professional problem that we all have in covering this president. But if you have this carefully considered, you know, sort of - you know, this is some academic or intellectual argument, it's going to be - fall on deaf ears as well. So at some point, you know, you have to take the measure of the moment and decide where you're going to go.

And I think, you know, this particular tweet that - actually series of tweets and somewhat echoed again this morning - is just beyond the pale. I mean, it's just so obvious what's going on. It's just not excusable, so you just have to stand up for the people who don't have a voice in this.

turn 2 : Fighting tooth and nail is a figurative expression. Here it means they are doing what they can (fighting, but not physically) to avoid calling their workers employees.

turn 2 : The literal meaning is that the listener doubts that they would tire of hearing from the speaker. The actual meaning is that the listener is being polite and respectful towards the speaker.

turn 2 : Hitting the nail on the head means to state the truth. The deaf ears are people that don't want to hear about it.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker is hinting at something indirectly and expects the listener to read between the lines.

turn 2 :  is to sing, but the implied meaning is to not take the conversation in the direction being presented.


Yeah. They've been sacrificing already with their money and with their talents. The choice is theirs to move back permanently or to invest and to visit. The Shabab will not be, inshallah, any longer a threat to anyone. The famine luckily has been averted. The rain has come in a big way. The country is now ready for its daughters and sons to get involved so that we sustain the progress that has been made.

What has been the reaction of the Somali community to your advice?

They have welcomed it. The community was enthusiastic to hear the hopeful developments in Somalia. I guess they will make their decisions based on my advice but also on their own evaluation of the situation.

But you have personal experience leaving Somalia as well and then coming back. You went to school in Montreal. You were the U. S.  ambassador.

turn 0 : The country does not have children but it means the people that are born and raised there.

turn 0 : to be raised somewhere means your parents brought you somewhere as a kid and lived there for a long amount of time

turn 0 : black kids implies children of African American people and not black colored kids

turn 0 : when a country is divided it means that the people living in the country have very different opinions from one another

turn 0 : "That's a constitutional mandate regardless of citizenship or immigration status." (turn A): The literal meaning is that the census is required by the Constitution and applies to everyone living in the country, regardless of their legal status. The implied meaning is that some people might think the census should only count citizens or legal residents, but the speaker is emphasizing that this is not the case.


Well, I didn't, but a professor of mathematics at Macalester College and one of his students did that. And they use this stuff called social network analysis, which is what the NSA uses to identify key terrorists and, you know, the people that they want to send the drones after. But these guys at Macalester College took that same method and applied it to "Game Of Thrones. "

Is it as simple as they just add up all the mentions on social media platforms or what?

In a sense it is. It's a matter - it's - look at the networks, you look at the strengths of the connections between the networks and almost always you find that one or two nodes come to the top, and they're the most important nodes. And they're the ones who, in a terrorist network, if you take them out, it causes significant damage to the network. And in the case of "Game Of Thrones," if you took out Tyrion, it would make a huge difference to the rest of the story. So he's the one that is most likely to survive through the entire series.

Unless of course he gets a better offer from another series and they decide they have to write him out. But I'm interested in the fact that it can be used to penetrate what's going on in a supposedly secret terrorist network.

turn 1 : There are no turns in this conversation whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings. All of the turns are being used in a straightforward and literal manner.

turn 1 : There are no turns in the given conversation that have a meaning different from their literal meanings. All the turns convey their literal meanings without any implied or figurative language.

turn 1 : There are no turns in this conversation.whose actual meaniniNG are different from their literal meanings .All of the turns are being used in a straightforward and litreal meanings


(Laughter) Yeah. I don't think that it's a straight line from smoking marijuana to fanaticism or radicalization. But I do think that there's something that happens to boys becoming men that is a series of rites of passage and tampering or becoming involved with illicit drugs or having sex. Or any of these taboo things are some of these portals that kids go through, boys especially. And fanaticism to me, as I was witnessing it in a global way, was the last portal. And I wanted to write something that charted these transitions from just a little bit outside the line to a little bit more outside the line until finally there is no way back.

The Boston Marathon bombings are an important touchstone in this book. And they're felt personally by Alireza's friends in Laguna Beach.

That's something that I thought about a lot when I was sort of following the story of the Boston Marathon bombings and how it was to be Muslim in this country and to be a Muslim man in a place that's already slightly turned against you. But I imagined a situation in which someone in your very close community was affected by an act of terrorism, and you are of the Muslim family, what the ramifications would be like in that community.

And I took it a few steps further and then did research and found that it wasn't that uncommon for people who were related to, you know, Russian immigrants or children of Muslims or practicing Muslims to experience racism in high school afterwards. It tends to be that people are looking for someone to blame.

turn 0 : Implied meaning: The speaker is indirectly suggesting that they may have information or opinions that they are hesitant to share openly.

turn 0 : to hearken back means to think back, or to think about what happened previously

turn 0 : (1). In this turn, the speaker is not just talking about the act of being silent or not making noise. They are using the phrase "a little bit outside the line" and "a little bit more outside the line" to describe the process of moving towards radicalization and fanaticism. The phrase "there is no way back" implies a point of no return, indicating that the speaker believes once someone becomes a fanatic, it is difficult to change their beliefs.

turn 0 : I'm afraid in this context means that the person doesn't like what they are saying but its true

turn 0 : (1) "Right." This turn does not convey any literal meaning, but it serves as a signal that the listener is following the speaker's train of thought and agrees with what has been said. It is a type of backchanneling, which is a signal that the listener is actively listening and engaged in the conversation.


turn 1 : The shooting was a terrible tragedy and has left a lot of hurt and healing needed in the community.

turn 1 : The Boston Marathon bombings had a deep, personal impact on Alireza's friends in Laguna Beach.

turn 1 : Atlanta has a busy and active live music scene with multiple events in a week despite occasional violence

turn 1 : The cover story in question caused controversy but served an important purpose.

turn 1 : The tactics used were very dangerous and deadly to the protestors.


Yeah.

. . . So the interest rates, your ability to borrow. And the chancellor has put a lot of emphasis on providing credit to new home buyers. House prices are up quite steeply in some parts of the U. K. , which gives everyone a short-term feeling of prosperity, and maybe it encourages them to spend. Where that leads to five years down the road is another question.

What do you think politicians are going to make of this?And I mean in the U. S.  as much as the U. K.

Well, it's interesting. A couple of years ago, the U. K.  debate about austerity was quite relevant to the United States. Now I think it seems very distant. We've somewhat put our budget woes behind us. Now, I understand that there's no perfect long-term budget deal.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker has some reservations or doubts about the situation being discussed.

turn 2 : The implied meaning in this turn is that the speaker is asking for an opinion on the fiscal policy situation in Europe.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker might be implying a hidden agenda or ulterior motive behind their words, actions, or decisions, without making it explicit.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker is hinting at an underlying issue or concern that they are not comfortable discussing directly.

turn 2 : Implies that the speaker is asking for the other person's opinion about the political implications of the current situation.