You know, we have gone from this is a media hoax and fake news to calling it a witch hunt to saying that it was business as usual to meet with Russians about dirt on Hillary Clinton to saying that maybe we need to get out that pardoning power. The president is tweeting about this just this morning. He says he has complete and total pardon power but the only crimes that have been committed so far have been those of the leakers.

And of course, the background here is that Robert Mueller's investigating team - he's the special counsel looking into the Russia connection - may be looking to the larger reality of the Trump world's financial relationships with various Russians. And that may be what's prompting all this talk about investigating the investigators or pushing back on some of Mueller's hires or even using the pardon power.

I'll bet that the attorney general, Jeff Sessions, has had better weeks.

Oh, you know, indeed. We've had an overnight report, again from The Washington Post, that is based again on leaks from the U. S.  intelligence agencies. Apparently, there are intercepts of former Russian ambassador Sergey Kislyak reporting back to Moscow about his conversations with Jeff Sessions. We knew they had had conversations, but he has always said that they had nothing to do with the campaign. He was, of course, important to the Trump campaign for a senator who endorsed him. And he continues to stand by that statement this morning that he and Kislyak never talked about the campaign. But the Post says these intercepts show that Kislyak says differently.

turn 1 : The actual meaning is that investigators are typically moved off a case once their important work is done, even if there are still finishing touches to be made. This is different from the literal meaning which is simply a statement about the movement of investigators.

turn 1 : "investigating the investigators" and "pushing back" are also figurative language, not meant to be taken literally.

turn 1 : The turn "Literally, I went to the scene of the crime" is meant to be taken at face value as a statement about the speaker physically going to the location where a crime was committed. There is no figurative or non-literal meaning to this turn.

turn 1 : The turn "He's been trying to get his kids back since then" is an example of a figurative language, as the father is not physically trying to retrieve his children but rather taking legal and diplomatic actions to locate and bring them back.

turn 1 : "the investigation is going to focus on money laundering." - The actual meaning of this turn is literal, as it refers to the literal focus of the investigation on the illegal practice of disguising the proceeds of crime as legitimate funds.


The auto industry is perhaps the most prevalent of family businesses in Michigan. It's not uncommon for several generations of a family to work with the same carmaker. Alex Marinica is a junior at Wayne State University in Detroit. His father spent 20 years working for Chrysler. Alex, your dad recently took a buyout from Chrysler. What was behind his decision?

Well, I mean, obviously, it was a very hard decision to make. He'd been at the company for many, many years, and he really, really love working there. He thought maybe it was time to move on to some other things.

If you don't mind my asking about your career aspirations. . .

Sure.

turn 0 : The Big Three auto companies are facing financial difficulties.

turn 0 : The auto industry is dominated by family businesses in Michigan, and it's common for multiple generations of the same family to work for the same carmaker. (Literal meaning: The auto industry is just one of many types of family businesses in Michigan.)

turn 0 : The jobs are with companies that use the steel that is made for their products.

turn 0 : Ford doesn't need the money right now, but GM does


Sure.

turn 1 : The family was taking a chance by investing in a potential financial opportunity without having any guarantee of success.

turn 1 : Alex's father took a buyout from Chrysler despite his love for working there, indicating that the company was likely going through a difficult period. (Literal meaning: Alex's father left Chrysler simply because he wanted to try something new.)

turn 1 : Getting rid of the person that was chosen to lead a committee regarding the automobile industry. The president is changing is mind on this and Justin Hyde can tell us why.

turn 1 : He resigned because the job was not worth all of the trouble that he and his father were going through.


Well, right now, you'll be happy to hear I don't think there is any danger. I think the concern is that as we continue to make progress then eventually there might come a point when they are as smart as we are or even smarter. And intelligence in general is a very powerful thing. It's what makes us very powerful relative to other animals here on this planet. It's not because we are stronger muscles or sharper claws that the fate of the gorillas is now in our hands rather than in the gorilla's hands. And so similarly, if we create machines that exceed human intelligence then those machines also could be very powerful relative to us.

Well, I was flabbergasted when I began to do some reading. Although you say it's not about to happen; it's a while away; it is possible that children listening to this broadcast in the back seat of their parents' automobile might have to confront this?

Yeah, so that's why I think it's very positive that Elon Musk and some other people are not saying it's time to actually start work out the technology that we would need to keep machines safe, even if they eventually reach human level intelligence.

I mean, what's to solve?What do you do?

turn 1 :  implies surprise that the potential for machines to reach human intelligence is a reality that children might have to consider.

turn 1 : what they meant is that it's going to impress their brains later

turn 1 :  The statement implies that it's easier to manage the situation if the children are in a familiar environment.

turn 1 : system refers to the reality and not a computer or a program


People who read the exchange drove from all over to eat at Sichuan Garden, post praise for their food and service and suggest that the Harvard prof had too many degrees and not enough good sense or human grace.

By weeks' end, the sheriff of the Internet had surrendered. It's clear that I was very much out of line, Ben Edelman posted on his website. I am sorry and I intend to do better in the future.

And some Harvard business students, perhaps from chagrin, began a campaign for people to make $4 donations to the Greater Boston Food Bank. Maybe the next time Mr.  Edelman has Chinese food, he'll end the meal with a fortune cookie that says it is sometimes better to be wise then right.

(Singing) Everybody has the right to be wrong at least once. Everybody has the right to be dunce-like once-like. Not being too smart is no disgrace. What sets you apart is smiling with egg on your face.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be indirectly suggesting that they have insider knowledge or expertise on a particular topic, and that their opinion or perspective should be given special consideration.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker is aware that there may be differing opinions on the topic being discussed and is acknowledging the possibility of disagreement.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker is hinting at an underlying issue or concern that they are not comfortable discussing directly.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker's tone or choice of words may suggest that they have reservations or doubts about a particular topic or decision.

turn 1 : The speaker is acknowledging and agreeing with the previous speaker's statement, but does not provide any additional information or opinion. The meaning of this turn depends on the context of the conversation.


It had some effect.

Well, thanks very much for being with us, Serena and Olivier Blanchard. Serena Blanchard's hieroglyphics appears in all editions of the classic "Lectures on Macroeconomics," by Stanley Fischer and Olivier Blanchard. Pick up your copy. . .

. . . at your local airport bookstore.

Thank you both very much for being with us.

turn 1 : Implicated meaning: The speaker is expressing a desire to create a character in their book who is strong and believable, rather than simply creating a character who is physically strong. The implied meaning is that the speaker values depth and authenticity in their character portrayal, rather than creating a one-dimensional, superficial character.

turn 1 : The speaker's parents' love of reading played a crucial role in their development as a poet.

turn 1 : The implied meaning of turn (2) is that the speaker was tempted to find out if it was possible for the student to access the books they mentioned.

turn 1 : Well, thanks very much for being with us, Serena and Olivier Blanchard. Serena Blanchard's hieroglyphics appears in all editions of the classic "Lectures on Macroeconomics," by Stanley Fischer and Olivier Blanchard. Pick up your copy... Implicated meaning: The speaker indirectly suggests that Serena Blanchard's contribution or writing in "Lectures on Macroeconomics" is difficult to understand or decipher, comparing it to hieroglyphics.


Me, party?No.

So, what's going on with this new netbook by VAIO?I've seen it all over, you know, the tech blogs, and I understand that you've taken a look at it, and tell us what it is, of course.

Yeah, absolutely. I mean, this Sony VAIO P is what they are actually calling the model number of this. This is smaller laptop. This is probably the ideal laptop size. It's kind of - it's larger than a typical BlackBerry, but it's smaller than your 15-inch standard laptop that you're looking - that you currently carry around. This is 1. 4 pounds, very, very light. It's only an eight-inch screen. So, most laptops usually starts off at 10 or 12 inches for the small. So, this is very small. It's very thin, Farai. I mean, you could put this in a purse or backpack, and it's so stylish. But really what's blown, I think, a lot of people away about this particular device is that, A, it's easy to carry; it runs with regular Windows operating system software on it; beautiful resolution, and it has built in Verizon High-Speed, what they call EBDO - it's a technical term - but basically cellular-broadband connection all built in to this one device. I'm just in awe, floored by this particular product.

You have a crush.

turn 3 : crushes in this context means to like somebody.

turn 3 : you have a crush usually means that the person likes something or someone.

turn 3 : "I feel what I'm like with you" could mean "you make me feel happy or good"

turn 3 :  (4) is an expression of surprise. The implied meaning is an expression of admiration.


I know but that's exactly the dilemma I think a lot of comics are facing right now. It's, like, when things are even-keeled, then you can be edgy. But we're closer to that stuff. So it makes people a little bit more sensitive, a little bit more heightened.

So what happened in places when you were, like, in these places that you said you had a rough time?

Well, it's because, like, if you're not on the side of the liberal warriors, then people are going to be like, oh, well, this means you hate women. This means that, you know, he hates blacks. He hates Mexicans. He hates Jews. He hates gays. You know, and then you have, like - I'm at a club. And I'll say, hey, where are the Trump supporters?And if I say anything bad about Trump, then they're just, like, you know, cursing at me. And people are walking out. And I got - you won (laughter). Your guy's in office. Why are you storming out?I feel like if I handed out a paper before every show, and I said, tell me what you want me to talk about, it would be nothing on there. But it's just I've got to say, sometimes, it's not fun anymore.

That was comedian Erik Griffin.

turn 0 : A's ability to adapt to different cultures may have influenced their comedic talent

turn 0 : Comics can no longer be as edgy due to heightened sensitivity of people

turn 0 : Kids like to learn about everything and they are always questioning what they see.

turn 0 : Video games can have negative effects on real life.


May of 2014.

Wasn't open very long, was it?

No, it wasn't. They said it was an experiment.

I don't expect you to make any effort to understand Wal-Mart's point of view. We've done a number of these interviews over the years, and people complain when Wal-Mart's open. And so now they're closing. Can you see from their point of view?You're saying that, you know, Wal-Mart might say people complain whatever we do. They just don't like us.

turn 2 : Yeah, on principle, right?  The literal meaning of this statement is that B is confirming that A is not going to Wal-Mart based on a principle. However, the implied meaning here is that B is suggesting that A has a personal objection or strong dislike towards Wal-Mart, possibly due to ethical or moral reasons. The phrase "on principle" implies that A's decision is driven by their values or beliefs rather than a mere practical consideration.

turn 2 :  implies that people may not trust Walmart to provide the same quality of organic food as Whole Foods.

turn 2 : It is being implied that consumer behaviour is not obvious.

turn 2 :  The speaker is implying that Wal-Mart is not genuine in its claim that the store closure was an experiment, and that it may have been a strategic move to avoid further criticism and negative publicity.


I think a lot of people are afraid of science, really, which is bad news for everybody, because we really all need to understand a certain amount of science in order to make decent policy about the world we live in. But the truth is, translating scientific ideas from physics and mathematics and biology into vernacular English is difficult enough, and then translating it into fiction so that it's all there unobtrusively is extremely challenging.

And that was both a daunting and a really fun part of this novel, because I had to - in order to write about - in order to bring the reader into this world of scientists studying climate change in front of their eyes, they have to know something about the physics of why warm air holds more moisture. I wrote in this novel about the difference between correlation and causation. One of my pet peeves. . .

. . . with journalists who - when they report on science. There - this novel even mentions the ice-albedo effect. I was really excited listening to your previous half hour when I heard that word, albedo effect. That's in my novel. But it's not every easy to do, and it requires a certain comfort with the literature and with the subject to begin to translate that into plot and character and to make it really compelling so that people who might think they're afraid of science can read this novel, enjoy this novel without knowing that they're being educated in science.

I mean, it sounds like you felt compelled to really get the science right in this, even thought it's fiction, to get that accurate.

turn 2 : The person loves science and anything related to it and is intelligent.

turn 2 : A doesn't literally think the rock song proves anything about who can comprehend science. The implication is the concept of what science is should not be hard for ordinary people to understand.

turn 2 : The novel educates readers about science in an unobtrusive way

turn 2 : This implies that the book has potential benefits over time, but it may not have widespread appeal and may only appeal to a small or specific audience.

turn 2 : The content of the book is humorous and not meant to be taken seriously.


Yeah.

You've got the whole thing. You've got all of that.

(Laughter).

What - do you feel like there's some message in your story, perhaps, for other people who feel unloved by this country right now?

turn 1 : Being good at something is not enough for success.

turn 1 : A agreed to do something but later realized it wasn't what they wanted

turn 1 : you've got the whole thing likely means that they have everything needed to succeed.

turn 1 : good luck to you means you hope they do well

turn 1 : In this turn, the speaker is not just providing a definition of success but also implying that the program is already showing signs of success by highlighting the increase in tips and information received.


But more generally, Africa and Latin America are being hurt, but it doesn't seem quite as bad for example, as those in Eastern Europe, their debt levels are not as high. While they're hurting some because of the big fall in commodity prices - I mean, we've seen for example the first negative growth in South Africa since 1998. But I don't think these are as hard hit because the financial exposure in this part of the world is not as great as let's say it is in the U. S.  certainly, in Europe, and parts of emerging Europe.

Is that what is allowing some countries to be - I hesitate to use the word financially successful at the moment, but allowing them to compete in a way that they had not been able to before?

Well, it's possible, I think. I - you know, I think everybody is getting hurt. The only question is how much. And as we were saying earlier, the - many of the countries in Africa and Latin America seem to be, for the moment at least, being hurt less than countries in other regions like, say, Russia or Ukraine or Hungary. So, it's a matter of relative hurt rather than success.

Ah, that's a good way of putting it. Now, when trouble strikes immigrants and their families may choose to head home or they could be forced to return if their visas depend on having a job. What impact has the economic downturn had on immigration?

turn 2 : People are getting really frustrated in the area that was hardest hit. Implicated meaning: The situation in the area that was hardest hit is causing significant emotional distress and dissatisfaction among people.

turn 2 : Everybody getting hurt doesn't mean physically hurt but that everybody is experiencing difficulties.

turn 2 : "the worst feeling in the world" implies that not being recognized is the feeling that causes the most pain.

turn 2 : The speaker implies that there may be injuries, but they haven't been reported yet.


And eventually they found that the virus abided in giant fruit bats, a couple different species of giant fruit bat that were native to that part of Australia. The fruit bats had been roosting in trees, fig trees, eating figs and dropping pulp, dropping their feces and urine onto the grass beneath, and one of the horses had been staying in a pasture out there by those fig trees, had gone into the shade under the tree, had eaten the grass, picked up the virus, and then when she was brought back to the stable with the rest of her fellow horses, she passed the disease on to them, and they passed it on to the humans.

So it was spillover from a bat into horses. The horses became sort of amplifier hosts of the virus, and it spilled onward from them into humans. The mortality rate of that disease is around 50 percent.

And where is it now?I mean, has it popped up again since you wrote about it?

It has popped up, but like some of these diseases, it pops up, and there's an outbreak, a local outbreak, and the case of Hendra usually infects no more than one or two humans, might kill one out of two. In some of the other cases, like Ebola virus in Central Africa, it might kill a dozen or a few dozen people. There's been an outbreak going on in the Democratic Republic of the Congo this summer.

turn 1 : Diseases are not breaking out but might begin to happen due to the situation.

turn 1 : Health care workers are at risk of getting infected.

turn 1 : The mortality rate of the disease is high and it has caused outbreaks in the past.

turn 1 : It implies how important vaccination is against seasonal flu.

turn 1 : Delays in treating people with the virus could lead to it spreading rapidly.


Well, the curfew has now been in place, you know, almost 36 hours. There are checkpoints every 300 meters. One of my Iraqi friends actually turned around to me and said, this feels like it was during the height of the invasion and the occupation of Iraq in. . .

Wow.

. . . 2003, 2004. It feels like, with so many soldiers out on the street, all that's changed is that the uniforms have changed. It's not American anymore. It's Iraqi.

Impossible to know where this might go next, of course, but in terms of the strategy that may be emerging among protesters, can you tell whether these seem organized?Are there leaders who are calling the direction of where things may go next?

turn 0 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer

turn 0 : The implied meaning is that the more A learns about the people they are close to, the more they appreciate them and form a stronger bond.

turn 0 : The story was told to people and many became aware of it.

turn 0 : The friend is referring to the most prominent moment and time of the invasion.

turn 0 : at the end of the day means something is likely going to happen or what happens after everything else.


Did you say oversized slingshots?

Yes, that's right. It's one of the more unusual things I've seen in the conflict. They are literally just giant slingshots that are being used to throw these pipe bombs further than they would be able to reach normally.

On the government side, I gather you've seen an escalation in the air war on that side too.

That's correct. Really when we first saw helicopters being used in April, they were being used very rarely. And later on in June, they started using large high-explosive fragmentation bombs that were being dropped quiet frequently. Moving into August, jets started appearing in the skies with larger quantities of bombs. Following that in mid-October is when we started seeing the cluster bombs being used to cross Syria.

turn 1 : Turn (2) has an actual meaning that is different from its literal meaning. The speaker is not discussing an attempt to physically move goalposts, but rather a rhetorical strategy of avoiding answering certain questions.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using a metaphor or analogy to explain or describe something, often to make a complex idea easier to understand or to create a vivid image in the listener's mind.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using metaphors or analogies to convey a complex idea or emotion in a more relatable or understandable way.

turn 1 : In turn (2), the speaker is describing the use of oversized slingshots in a conflict to throw pipe bombs farther than they would normally be able to reach. The literal meaning is a description of the physical objects and their use, but the implied meaning is the unusual and desperate measures taken in a violent conflict.

turn 1 : The literal meaning of the turn is asking why they want to cause violence, but the implied meaning is asking why they find violence appealing or attractive.


Much less than the NFL football players got.

Far less. Far less. And, I mean, we - this is a big issue. I mean, in 2011, there were three guys - Wade Belak, Rick Rypien and Derek Boogard - who all died within six months of one another. They were all enforcers - two buy suicide, one from drugs.

And it really was a wakeup call to the hockey world and to people who do that job of fighting for a living. And they kind of looked at these titans of the sport to say, wait a minute, if those guys who we look up to, who we idolize, who we see as the toughest enforcers on skates can die from this, then maybe we can too. And that's what I get into with my first character, James McEwan. He kind of goes into a mental health tailspin because he sees these guys perish. And he goes, well, this could happen to me, too.

Some of the players you interviewed suggest ways to reduce fighting in hockey. They have solutions. Tell us about some of their ideas.

turn 2 : The person believed that fighting was good and valuable for hockey and normal.

turn 2 : It affected the young people's emotions when they saw what happened.

turn 2 :  The actual meaning of this turn is that professional athletes should take advantage of the opportunities they have and make the most of them, because they may not get the same opportunity again.

turn 2 : It made the people that work in the sport of hockey realize the importance of what was happening. James McEwan's mental heath went down sharply.


But what is likely to happen if the men succeed and these lawsuits gain class-action status?I mean, could it upend how these cases are treated?

I mean, if they did gain class-action status, which I personally think is pretty steep thing for them to get, I think that it could result in a lot of these either being kicked back to the school and these students and the survivors having to go through all of this again, and it also has a wider reaching impact as far as what students who are going through these circumstances see and think as far as reporting. And that's one of the things that I see as a concern.

Yeah. What message does it send to the victims?

Right. What message does it send to the victims who have already been a minority of people who report, and because the school didn't do it the right way, that their situation is not validated. And I do think that it can have a real chilling impact on other survivors reporting and coming forward and saying, as we have said in recent years, #MeToo because they think it just may come back and not matter.

turn 3 : This implies that there is a racial component to the exploitation of student-athletes.

turn 3 : They want to know if that is something that still affects them today or is it a lesson learned.

turn 3 :  I think that it could result in a lot of these either being kicked back to the school and these students

turn 3 : They begin the math with the kids,not actually roll anything.

turn 3 : The kids were smarter than the other kids in their class.


In fact, no. My impression is that the fact that these asylum seekers and the poor conditions in which they lived became public, this is shameful and disgraceful for Hong Kong. And that is what makes them a target.

They're trying to get to Canada. And their association with Snowden may be creating problems there?

It's certainly possible. We completed all of their applications and requested urgent treatment because of their vulnerability in Hong Kong months ago. They initially told us that they were expediting the files. And then two months later, they said that they were not expediting the files. But they didn't say why. And this is why we've decided to go before the court to force the government to meet its commitment - one that our clients relied upon. And now they're at the 11th hour facing imminent detention and eventual inevitable deportation, and Canada is the last hope.

And what is your best guess as to what has prompted what seems like a change of heart on Canada's part?

turn 1 : that the asylum seekers may be facing problems in their attempt to get to Canada, due to their association with Snowden.

turn 1 :  The asylum-seekers have a legal status, which means the speaker is not responsible for them.

turn 1 : 'Asylum-seekers are actually really happy' implies that the asylum-seekers are being treated well.

turn 1 : It is being implied that the criminals are having a difficult time.


turn 3 : The heart was not changed but the opinions of the person were.

turn 3 :  implies that the speaker is asking if the person had a sudden change of heart, (3) implies that the person is proud of the balanced debate surrounding the government's decision making,

turn 3 : People who can manage to stay passionate and motivated to bring about change, despite the length of time it takes.

turn 3 :  (4) Implies an acknowledgement of the dangerous risks taken when crossing the border illegally.

turn 3 : To have a change of heart it means that a person can change their attitude to the specific person. In this case, Canada may have a change of heart on the refugees due to the poor conditions from Hong Kong.


Well, it's very worrying. We've got nearly 1,900 people infected, 1,200 people dead, and over the last several weeks, the rate of new infections has jumped dramatically. We're seeing more than 100 new cases every week. And that's because there is a lot of violence, gunmen storming Ebola treatment centers assassinating health workers. And there's this suggestion that a lot of the violence is actually coordinated, that Ebola is being used as a political weapon. And that's what's led to this really quite remarkable U. N.  decision.

You said remarkable. What's the significance of this decision?

Well, until now, the outbreak response on the international side has really been led by health officials, the World Health Organization. But the U. N.  does have a large peacekeeping force in Congo. And the deputy head of that, his name is David Gressly, that is who they've appointed to this new position that they've created. In other words, it's a recognition that they have to treat this as much as a political problem as a health problem.

This is a place where you have a lot of political players who've been jockeying for position against each other and against factions of the national government. And it seems like a lot of them have connections to these small armed groups all through the area that are said to be behind a lot of these attacks on Ebola responders. Basically, it's a way to destabilize the area as a way to gain power against your rivals.

turn 2 : Republican lawmakers recognize that not taking action on health care would have negative political consequences.

turn 2 : "it's a recognition that they have to treat this as much as a political problem as a health problem" - The actual meaning is different from the literal meaning. The intended meaning is that the situation is not just a health issue, but also a political issue that requires attention and action, rather than literally recognizing something.

turn 2 : Actual meaning: A is pointing out the lack of discussion and attention given to a potential solution to a problem due to the dominance of the Trump-related discourse. Literal meaning: A is discussing a method of repealing Obamacare that involves tax credits and encourages consumer choice.

turn 2 : A implies that while both political parties agrees that prescription drug costs are too high, they cannot find a common ground on how to address the issue.

turn 2 : (3) A: The speaker implies that doctors are spending a significant amount of time on non-patient care activities, which is a major problem in the medical industry.


The government created an aid program to help out farmers who are hurt by these tariffs. Have you benefited from that?

Certainly. It was a key part of filling the gap created by the harm that we felt from the tariffs and the money we were losing in that market. But I think most farmers don't want to rely on government aid packages, going forward. We would much rather have access to one of the world's largest users of soybeans.

When you go to the local - I don't know - coffee shop or supply store or Walmart and have conversations with other people in the community, how are people feeling these days?

Well, and that's - I really appreciate you bringing that up 'cause it's not just farmers who are affected by this. Small towns like Kulm, N. D.  - we are an agriculture community. Not everybody here is a farmer. We have many small businesses that rely on farmers - hardware stores, grocery stores. And when farmers struggle, everybody in these small towns starts to feel the hurt. When you talk to businesses who have been around for a long time, I mean, they - their bottom line is directly affected by whether farmers are making a profit or not.

turn 1 : The program of providing direct payments to farmers is more feasible than dumping large amounts of crops on poor countries.

turn 1 : Political agendas are taking precedence over the need for agricultural regulations.

turn 1 : The government’s lack of interest and prioritization of political issues is causing a delay in getting necessary approvals and treatments for crops and animals.

turn 1 : This implies that the Farmers does want any aid from the government. They would rather prefer that the government remove harsh tariffs on the world's largest soybeans.


Oh, I'm glad to be here.

So what's wrong with the research that said he had a special brain?

A couple of things. One is what we call confirmation bias, and that's basically saying what we all know - that if you really want to find something, if you look for it long enough, you will. So, for example, in the papers that claim the external shape of Einstein's brain was different. They start out with a fairly vague notion of what his cognitive specialties were and then go poking around in his brain until they find something - anything that sort of conforms to their previous expectations.

Was part of the problem that they knew it was Einstein's brain, and therefore they were predisposed to see things?

Exactly right, exactly right. It's rather like seeing faces or shapes in clouds. Those shapes really aren't in the clouds. They're in your mind.

Forgive me - what amounts to a philosophical question - why have we been fascinated by Einstein's brain matter over the years?

turn 2 : "Puts a cloud on it" is not literal. There's no cloud involved. It just means something negative happened wthat overshadows an otherwise positive situation.

turn 2 : "Those shapes really aren't in the clouds. They're in your mind." - The literal meaning is that the shapes seen in clouds are not physically present in them but are perceived by the viewer's mind. The actual meaning is that people may project their own interpretations onto ambiguous stimuli, such as cloud formations, and see patterns or images that are not objectively there.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker's use of a certain metaphor or analogy suggests they are drawing a comparison to another concept in order to illustrate their point or express a deeper meaning.

turn 2 : A: "You didn't see that coming." - This phrase is often used figuratively to express surprise or unexpectedness, rather than referring to literal visual perception.


Now, Mr.  Trump often points out that the school, at least on the website, had an overwhelmingly favorable rating from former students. But the plaintiffs say that it wasn't like that at all.

Really, that's exactly what they say. They argue that the whole point to this school was to keep selling students increasingly expensive seminars. First, there was a free introductory course where students were told they could make tens of thousands of dollars in just a couple of months using Trump's investment techniques.

But to learn those, they had to sign up for another seminar that cost about 1,500 bucks. And at that seminar, they were sold another course that cost as much as $35,000. They claim that students were encouraged to go into credit-card debt and even cash out their 401(k)s to pay for these top-level courses.

The settlement was reached. Well, one of these suits was about to go to trial on Monday, wasn't it?

Yeah, it was, though attorneys for Trump wanted it delayed because he was too busy with the transition. But, clearly, his schedule wasn't going to get any easier once he became president. So the judge in the case was urging both sides to settle.

turn 1 : Donald Trump's use of Bill Clinton's personal history to distract from legitimate campaign issues is not an effective strategy

turn 1 : Every time I hear President Bush talk about billions, I start thinking about Carl Sagan and talking about billions of stars and billions of this. - Implied meaning: A is critical of President Bush's remarks, particularly regarding U.S. aid to Africa and his failure to discuss its significance in terms of international aid offered by the United States.

turn 1 : The college president is worried about students' financial struggles.

turn 1 : Donald Trump is becoming increasingly desperate as he realizes the gravity of the situation he's in.

turn 1 : “First, there was a free introductory course where students were told they could make tens of thousands of dollars in just a couple of months using Trump's investment techniques.” - Implied meaning: The students were misled into believing that they could make a lot of money quickly by using Trump's investment techniques.


turn 2 : The college president is worried about students' financial struggles.

turn 2 : “They claim that students were encouraged to go into credit-card debt and even cash out their 401(k)s to pay for these top-level courses.” - Implied meaning: The school was pushing students to engage in irresponsible financial decisions to pay for the courses.

turn 2 : "Takes dollars away from students" implies that they are actually taking money from the student's pockets.

turn 2 : bunch of bad debt implies owing too many debts or inability to pay a lot of debts owed

turn 2 : It implies that Student-athletes are being exploited for their labor and not fairly compensated.


turn 3 : (4) The literal meaning of turn (4) is that the reporter contacted the Department of Justice for comment, but the implied meaning is that the reporter wants to highlight the lack of response from the Department of Justice, which can suggest a lack of transparency or accountability.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is subtly trying to convey a sense of urgency or importance in the matter being discussed, without explicitly stating it.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be suggesting that there are some hidden or unknown factors that could influence the situation being discussed.

turn 3 : The implied meaning of this turn is that other members of the White House may seek legal counsel in light of President Trump's actions.

turn 3 : The literal meaning of this turn is that the settlement in the lawsuit had already been reached. However, the actual meaning is that the settlement was being discussed and was close to being reached.


turn 3 : "I can't wait for President Trump to ask President Putin on Monday whether he'd agree to extradite them to face the bar of justice." (The phrase "face the bar of justice" is being used figuratively to mean face a trial or legal proceedings.)

turn 3 :  “The settlement was reached.Well, one of these suits was about to go to trial on Monday, wasn't it?” - Implied meaning: Trump was attempting to postpone the trial due to his busy schedule.

turn 3 : It is being implied that it will be difficult to proceed to court.


turn 4 : The implied meaning of this turn is that other members of the White House may seek legal counsel in light of President Trump's actions.

turn 4 : implies that the meeting was focused on discussing how to achieve party unity and defeat John McCain in November. However, the actual meaning could be that the meeting was a bargaining session where Obama and Clinton discussed potential terms for Clinton to drop out of the race and endorse Obama. This is not explicitly stated yet is a possible subtextual meaning.

turn 4 : “Yeah, it was, though attorneys for Trump wanted it delayed because he was too busy with the transition.But, clearly, his schedule wasn't going to get any easier once he became president.So the judge in the case was urging both sides to settle.” - Implied meaning: The judge wanted the two sides

turn 4 : Implied meaning for turn (3): The questioner assumes that the speaker decided to support Donald Trump based on something he said, but the speaker clarifies that his decision was based on Trump's track record of job creation, as well as input from other people involved in the election.


Cryo would be called - right crypto would - wow.

That's right. So we basically house lichens, mosses and fungi in this herbarium here. We have over 200,000 specimens here.

Two hundred thousand?And are these specimens popping out of the ice?Are they new species?

The ones that are coming out from underneath the glaciers?

turn 3 : B is expressing sympathy for the people who sent the probe, showing that they understand why they feel so disappointed.

turn 3 : B is surprised with the number of specimens.

turn 3 : B is impressed or surprised by what A said.

turn 3 : (4) Seriously? could mean that B is surprised, does not believe, or is challenging A's statement.

turn 3 : B is making a sarcastic remark about the difficulty of discovering something new with telescopes.


So you had the U. K.  negotiating bilateral agreements with, like, Australia and Canada and India, right?And then I read you also had Germany forming its own bloc with members, countries that it had relationships with. And the U. S.  did something similar.

That's right. The origins of the British trading bloc really go back to World War I. And a lot of the considerations are of a military nature, a geostrategic nature. They were bottlenecked in some supplies, especially for the military, and that's why the British government was thinking more about how to secure its supplies. And that happened on the German side as well. Germany was preparing for war. They were gearing up for war, so they needed to make sure they had the right supplies, especially for the military.

Now, you write that if similar patterns play out today, we could see a, quote, "reorientation of world trade around China- and U. S. -centric trade blocs. "How likely do you think that is?

Well, it depends on the politics. The White House wants to have a more bilateral approach where the U. S.  deals with one individual country, as opposed to a group. And China now wants to create a system of its own. So that does include establishing a sphere of influence in Asia. And each of them will want to build up their own realm where they have the power in the region.

What do you think is at stake here?If this approach continues, what are your main concerns?

turn 0 : The countries formed their own blocs due to military and strategic considerations, not just trade.

turn 0 : The United States uses its power in international trade to exert influence over other countries

turn 0 : The dominance of the dollar gives the US considerable power in international trade.

turn 0 : The numbers are not completely confirmed and memories of the trade war are what people are thinking about.

turn 0 : Countries imposing tariffs on each other leads to mutual harm, hence the need for multilateral negotiations


turn 1 : The paramilitary forces are in control and people are scared

turn 1 : There is a risk of military conflict due to misunderstandings.

turn 1 : They had a large amount of weapons from the United States.

turn 1 : People are not playing a game but taking part in a military conflict.

turn 1 : The British trading bloc formed to secure military supplies during World War I.


turn 3 : "China has a role in this?"  The actual meaning of this turn goes beyond the literal question. The speaker is implying that China may have some level of involvement or influence in the situation being discussed, suggesting a potential factor that contributes to the problem.

turn 3 : "But it will only be a brief hiatus in this long-term, contentious U.S.-China relationship" has a figurative meaning that is different from its literal meaning. The literal meaning of the turn is that a deal between the US and China would only be a temporary break in their long-term, contentious relationship. However, the figurative meaning is that even if a deal is reached, the underlying tensions and issues between the two countries will remain and could resurface in the future.

turn 3 : It tells about developed our nation and innovoted lot of things

turn 3 : There are several issues that could lead to conflict between US and China in the short term

turn 3 : The US and China both want to establish their own spheres of influence in the region.


Initially, Manaf was very close to Bassel. I mean, he was his childhood friend. But when Bassel died and Bashar became the heir, obviously, the friendship and the loyalties were transferred to Bashar. And Manaf was by Bashar's side, you know, from the get-go.

You know, in 2011, when the uprising started, here, Manaf made the break and said, you know, I'm not going to be like my father, Mustafa; I'm not going to kill, you know, to preserve this regime. So he stepped back and eventually had to leave the country.

When you talked to Manaf Tlass, who was a loyalist for so long, what does he say is the moment when he said, I got to get out of this - this friendship, this country?

Initially, when the uprising started, Manaf was trying to convince Bashar not to use violence, not to actually shoot protesters. But the problem is, you know, Bashar was surrounded by these hardliners - his brother Maher al-Assad and his cousin Hafez Makhlouf. So this is very much a family affair ruling Syria. These people were for actually shooting people from the first day. And the idea was if you shot enough people from the first day, you would scare them off the streets. That was the logic.

turn 1 : Mustafa Tlass was loyal to Hafez al-Assad and helped him gain power.

turn 1 : Manaf Tlass decided not to support his father's regime

turn 1 : He resigned because the job was not worth all of the trouble that he and his father were going through.

turn 1 : He does not go into Syria, just told what is happening there.

turn 1 : 1. The implied meaning of this statement is that the father was very strict and did not allow the speaker to relax.


turn 3 : The tactics used were very dangerous and deadly to the protestors.

turn 3 : Bashar and his family members were the main supporters of using violence to suppress the uprising.

turn 3 : They didn't get into position in the same way as some places were protests and riots occurred.

turn 3 : The literal meaning of this turn is that the ICRC should do more about Syria, but the implied meaning is that some people might find this conversation interesting, but they may ask why the ICRC is not doing more to help with the situation in Syria.


turn 3 : The hardliners around Bashar were responsible for using violence against protesters


I just want to complete that thought. You said, it's going to be a combination of private investment and higher taxes?

Not necessarily because we have something that I think we need to do in any event, which is to remove the giant subsidies from the oil and gas companies. We need to repeal the majority of the Trump tax cuts, which went to the upper, you know, income brackets - rather than working people - and did not produce jobs. So simply having some reform like that is what makes sense.

There are people who would say, yes, let's do this, and I will do my part. But there are Republicans and some Democrats who would not be so keen on having to pay any kind of higher tax in order to offset the costs of these climate proposals. Can you tell us now that you would absolutely not ask the American taxpayer to pay some of the burden here?

Well, of course not. Nobody who is going to run for office can make any statement about the future like that, and they're responsible if they do. But what I can say is that the majority of the investment will be private, in part because it will be required. Much of our plan does not involve public investment directly. It is a requirement that the public utilities get off fossil fuels. It is a requirement that the auto industry provide cars for us that don't pollute anymore.

turn 1 : Climate change is real, dangerous, and costly. We need to take action.

turn 1 : The lack of media coverage can make climate change an invisible issue for most Americans.

turn 1 : The Obama administration has made efforts to combat climate change

turn 1 : Removing subsidies from oil and gas companies and repealing tax cuts for the upper class will offset the cost of climate proposals.


Yeah, and you love short stories, too. I love short stories, I appreciate that about you. You seem to be - enjoy writing short stories.

Yeah, they're tough as hell, and, you know, as a sort of a practice, people in the publishing world discourage them. They're like oh, don't do it. But I can't help but root for the underdog. As a form, you know, the short stories and the linked short story collections is an underdog, and people don't think of it as serious. So I don't mind wading in there. It feels like a really good battle.

Do you see yourself sort of at some point - you haven't really played that much with the novel form, but, you know, a lot of different writers are experimenting with the novel form, you know, Zadie Smith just did with her book, new book "NW. "Do you see yourself playing with that form?

Well, sure. I mean, again it's probably the arrogance, you know, the narcissistic arrogance of an artist, but I feel that so far I've written one book, one novel, and it's a very strange - at a formulistic level, I think it's - it took a lot of risks. Now will I keep doing that?Hard to say. It's like sort of saying will I continue to be X, Y or Z. You hope so. You hope so, but you never know.

turn 1 : The story is not wild but interesting or exciting.

turn 1 : Short stories are an underdog and not taken seriously

turn 1 : The story is emotional and difficult to hear.

turn 1 : The story is very different from stories people normally here

turn 1 : "Well, a tough story to report." - This turn is a figurative expression that means the story is emotionally difficult to report, rather than physically difficult.


We have all been growing increasingly frustrated and upset about the direction of this country. Not just about policies, right?We're going to likely disagree. But it has been this bomb that I call it he has exploded within this country along racial lines. We have all been frustrated, and so we found a way to actually do something and say something and push back on this narrative around what we're saying about black and brown people as if this is not our country. No matter where our background is, what he's doing as it relates to immigrants - we felt like it wasn't enough being said, and so coming together, we thought our voices together would make a stronger impact.

Are you concerned at all that people will just dismiss this criticism of President Trump as a partisan attack?

You know, at this point, it doesn't matter. If they want to dismiss it, they can, but they are dismissing the larger point that was being made. He challenged our patriotism. He challenged the citizenship of those four women who are citizens of this country. He consistently challenges that when it comes to people of color. And so at this point, if somebody wants to dismiss it just because they want to see it through the lens of politics, that's a problem. But we elevated the fact that because we served this country and because we love this country, it doesn't mean that we have to sit quietly as we see things going wrong in this country.

Dru Ealons is a political blogger and strategist who served as a senior official at the EPA during the Obama administration.

turn 3 : The speaker is implying that their protests might elevate beyond peaceful methods if they don't get what they think they deserve.

turn 3 : Turn (4): "subpoenaed the president to sit down for an interview" is an idiom that means legally compelling someone to appear and give testimony. It does not mean literally inviting someone to sit down for a friendly conversation.

turn 3 : The literal meaning is that the listener doubts that they would tire of hearing from the speaker. The actual meaning is that the listener is being polite and respectful towards the speaker.

turn 3 : to be silent about something is to not talk about something, or to keep something a secret

turn 3 : "Sit quietly" is not about literally sitting down. Here, the implication is they don't want to be quiet, they want to speak out politically to protest against the President.


And its search-advertising technology is probably the best on the web, so that made Yahoo feel like, hey, we actually have another option. Maybe we don't have to sell out. Maybe we can just utilize some licensing from our partner-slash-competitor and still be able to keep our brand intact. So, it all remains to be seen, but I think it may have worked out that they didn't do it.

Let me throw another company into the mix. What about AOL?After the big AOL-Time Warner merger in 2000, the combined company lost billions of dollars. Now, Time Warner dropped AOL from its name, fired the AOL CEO. Now wants to offload the company. Are any of these three companies we're talking about, Yahoo!, Google and Microsoft, going to go belly up and buy AOL, you think?

You know, that's something that is highly discussed. AOL is going through some serious challenges. We've met with some of their executives over other projects that had to be put off, be delayed, in fact, because of some of these issues. Their headquarters in Dulles, Virginia, has now changed.

They've moved a lot of people out to New York City to try to play up a more of an advertising role and an advertising partner. So, I still think AOL has a strong brand, although I think that brand is with an older audience. I think they've been trying to reinvent themselves. Some of the acquisitions, though, in video has been really smart on their part, like Truveo.

turn 0 : Yahoo was considering selling out but decided to keep their brand intact.

turn 0 : The speaker in turn (1) is not just explaining the reason why Microsoft needs to become the number two search-engine in the world, but also implying that acquiring Yahoo is the best way for them to achieve that goal. The speaker suggests that Microsoft's MSN's portal is not doing well in the number three position and acquiring Yahoo would give them a better search-engine opportunity, which would increase online advertising dollars. The speaker believes this acquisition would make a lot of sense to do.

turn 0 : The behavior of the company should be investigated since it continued for many years.

turn 0 : when a company collapses, it means they went out of business.

turn 0 : B threw another company in the discussion and assuming that yahoo, google and microsoft gonna buy AOL together


The numbers you've tossed around show you how expensive. People have been able to do experiments. They've found all kinds of really interesting possibly valuable properties, but nothing, no industry is really going to start until they can make enough of this stuff cheaply to use it.

Until now, most of the ways of making it started with this first step: Get some really pure, really expensive chemicals that you're going to mix in and do the next stuff. Huge expense. What Jim Tour down in Houston discovered and showed is that anything that's got carbon in it you can turn into graphene.

And to demonstrate that he meant anything, he did it with Girl Scout cookies. He turned those into graphene. He did it with chocolate. He got some chocolate half-dollar coins. He did it with dog feces from a miniature Dachshund, and he did it with a cockroach leg. And essentially he just got a really big oven, heated it up to about 1,000 degrees C and filled that oven with a little bit of this stuff, the cockroach or the dog feces, whatever, and a sheet of pure copper and a little bit of gas, left it for about 20 minutes, and viola, he'd made little bits of really high-quality graphene.

Wow.

turn 0 : 100 million plus means that it cost more than that.

turn 0 : figures in this context means numbers, referring to money likely

turn 0 : Numbers tossed around implies that they did some calculations for the cost

turn 0 : They are not asking for a lot of really expensive items.

turn 0 : Turn (1) has a non-literal meaning. The speaker is suggesting that the cost of the program may be justified by its deterrent effect, even though it may not be cost-effective in terms of the number of arrests made.


Wow.

turn 0 : "the numbers do check out" - this means that the numbers are correct and accurate.

turn 0 : The numbers tossed around you indicates that the objects that you used.

turn 0 : a lot of stuff means there is a massive amount


They sense a market opportunity?

Indeed, it's a huge market opportunity.

You're from Costa Rica, which has been named U. N.  champion of the earth.

Indeed.

turn 2 : The US immigration policy should bring in the best and brightest from around the world

turn 2 : The lack of power is a major issue in Puerto Rico after the hurricane.

turn 2 : They need the countries to realize this is the way things should be done in other countries.

turn 2 : Costa Rica is the best country in the world in terms of doing things that take care of the planet.

turn 2 : The United States is the only place where A can survive.


When you say that this law is intended to create a firewall around the state, do you think that this is where things are headed - where certain states will allow access to abortions and other states simply won't?

That's certainly my fear, and that was why this was so important to get passed before we adjourned. And, you know, ultimately, I've been working on this issue my entire adult life.

And I used to say, if Roe falls. And for the last year, I've been saying, when Roe falls. And it, frankly, still feels like a gut-punch every time I say it. But I think that there has been this very strategic and determined process by the other side to get cases into the pipeline that will ultimately lead to Roe falling.

Do you think that Democrats and people who support abortion rights have been outmaneuvered?

turn 0 : Standing up for what is right even if it goes against the law.

turn 0 : It is not a firewall but a law that protects the state from others.

turn 0 : It is expected that your online privacy will be compromised.

turn 0 : None . There's nothing in this that implies anything.


turn 2 : you don't really know that much about this.

turn 2 : The key point is made to make people want to learn more about what happened.

turn 2 : Pipeline here means the various people that need to know about it.

turn 2 : (3): The research requires a lot of different initiatives. = It takes a lot of effort to research this field.

turn 2 : The information does not boil down, but it gets to the most practical facts.


Well, we've had a number of things at home, and the one work, when I go through our front door, what I love is Jeff Koon's Bunny. It's polished stainless steel made to look like a blown up balloon bunny. That makes me smile.

You've set out this challenge for MOCA. You've said, here, I'll help you with this money, but you've got to make some changes. What advice would you give to the rest of this country - other failing business out there right now?

I think everyone has to recognize that we're in a different era. It means budgets have to be cut. We've got to have contingency plans, and we're got to ride it out. But I must say, this is the worst situation since the Great Depression, without any doubt in my mind.

Is there a silver lining in this?Have you seen any difference in prices - prices dropping?Has that helped you maybe acquire things that you wanted to acquire.

turn 3 : implies to not being in support and feeling unfavorable about the result.

turn 3 : A silver lining means, something that is good that comes out of something that is not good

turn 3 : (4): Implied meaning: Advising to not waste energy in trying to convince people who are negative about unknown normal things, since it is not possible to change their mindset.

turn 3 : the meaning of "pin your heart on this beautiful little horse and this odd cast of characters around him" is to invest your emotion or faith in Chrome and his team, even if there is no guarantee of success.

turn 3 : how it play out implies the final result of a thing or series of things that happened


Well, about five years ago, when we started the project, it was actually the internal project name, and we had a series of scientists and engineers trying to think about how we could make glass tougher, more resistant to damage. And someone in the room just threw it out and said gorilla, and it stuck, and it became the product name.

And tell us about the history. Wasn't Corning experimenting with a super-tough glass back in the '60s?

Yeah, we sure were. Back in the early '60s, we had a product that we actually launched called Chemcor. The basic principles of trying to strengthen glass were the same, but we were targeting different applications to include automotive and safety glasses.

And so why is it not in automotive and safety glass?

turn 0 : The speaker is referring to different sizes of primates.

turn 0 : Despite our racial differences, we are all genetically African.

turn 0 : The name 'gorilla' was not related to gorillas at all.

turn 0 : The theory he came up with wasn't derogatory.

turn 0 : The mountain gorillas are habituated to humans and tourists, but human diseases could harm them.


Why do cockroaches flip over on their backsides when they die?

But I understand now, when it comes to answering the question of the year, you're not going to go with that one. Why not?

This happens every year. Readers write in and point out that some of the questions on our list have been answered elsewhere on the Web. It turned out this year that our top three vote-getters have all been answered elsewhere. So we had to default to question number four.

And what is that question?

turn 2 : We had to settle for the fourth question because the top three questions have already been answered elsewhere.

turn 2 : They asked more questions to find out the answer and got one.

turn 2 : "raises some questions" means that there are more questions out there that need to be answered.

turn 2 : Then they changed the topic to President Obama


Well, you know, when you talk about fascists, one would think that that movement and the fascism of Mussolini - its ideas might have been buried a long time ago in Italy.

Yeah, well, theoretically, in 1945 when the dictatorship fell. But, you know, Italy was never made to come to terms with its fascist past. There were no Nuremberg trials. And many fascist bigwigs just blended back into society. Italy had a large communist movement that had been the backbone of the partisan battle against fascism. So with the start of the Cold War, the allies feared communists would take over and did not push for a defascistization (ph) of society.

So today, there are several openly fascist parties running in this election. They probably won't overcome the 3-percent threshold to get into Parliament. But they're very visible. They were very loud. And they've, you know, reawakened the political ghosts of the past. They've emboldened other populist parties to use language and make proposals that, until recently, mainstream politics would have really considered unacceptable.

What happened to the moderates, though?I mean, why hasn't the outgoing ruling party, which is center-left, been able to showcase some real achievements that it's had?

turn 2 : Fascist parties have emboldened populist parties to use unacceptable language.

turn 2 : The Green Party is against racism, doesn't support populist parties, and supports a united Europe.

turn 2 : suggests that the Democratic Party must put forth a more persuasive and powerful economic message to win more elections

turn 2 : Far-right parties were the main spreaders of disinformation.


That leaves a very unnerving feeling because, if they're on the loose, and they're on a suicide mission, and they're not - you know, they could strike at any point of time. So, it does definitely leave an unnerving feeling. As long as you're home, you're secure. But one doesn't know what to expect tomorrow.

Mr. Doctor, I understand that you are a Muslim. Is that correct?

That is correct, yeah.

So far, there has not been official confirmation of who's responsible for these attacks, but they have been attributed, at least in part, to Islamic militants. How do you think the situation there might affect Hindu-Muslim relations in Mumbai?

turn 0 : strike implies to stop work and not to hit, blow or delete something

turn 0 : to move in direction in this context means to change something

turn 0 : to strike implies to hit or blow and not to cross out or delete


That is correct, yeah.

turn 0 : The fear is intensified by the enormous amount of uncertainty.

turn 0 : Reporters are in dangerous situations but being cautious

turn 0 : There is a dangerous situation happening that requires people to seek shelter and take precautions.

turn 0 : There is fear and uncertainty due to potential attacks by unidentified individuals

turn 0 : Despite the relief of averted war, people are still afraid of the war on terror and the potential for civilian casualties.


No. We all hang about. That's exactly the same as "Mrs. Brown. "People will call you, amazed that - you know, you read all about actors who stay in character all day and hide in caves, and then only come when they're called for and get the family to behave as a fill-in character.

Well, I have found with the vast majority of those great British actors, that they stand, telling stories at the side of the set, and they're called for. And they say, oh, look. The light's one. We've got to go. And they go and get straight into character. It's like stepping into an old shoe. And it's lovely. It's - especially Judi Dench. You know, we used to just stand screaming well after and then say, right, lads. Get yourself together. Right, then, action, and we'd be into it again.

And there she's queenly again.

And then she's a queen, yeah, and I'm a scruff.

turn 0 : Actors don't have to stay in character all day

turn 0 : Just behaving normally can make you feel like an old person.2. Working with great actresses like Judi Dench and Maggie Smith has been a delightful experience.

turn 0 : to take on a role in this context means to act like a character.

turn 0 : They see a person's personality and the deepest part of their character.

turn 0 : destroy you meaning your character for being labeled as such


And there she's queenly again.

turn 2 : Implying she is underestimated because she is a woman.

turn 2 : The servants and royals believe that they are better than everyone else.

turn 2 : This statement implies the complexity of Joan's personality and the interesting contradictions in her life and actions.

turn 2 : Queenly implies beauty and royalty, not being a Queen

turn 2 : She was a remarkable and iconic figure who would still be celebrated today.


Excuse me.

Present company excepted, of course.

All right, all right, OK, yeah.

But he constantly breaks his own maxim. It's huge fun.

turn 1 : Although the literal meaning of this turn is simply an acknowledgement or agreement, the implied meaning behind it is that the speaker may not be fully engaged or interested in the conversation. It could be interpreted as a way of signaling disinterest or a desire to move on to a different topic.

turn 1 : Implied Meaning: The speaker's use of sarcasm suggests that they do not believe the statement they just made is true, and instead are expressing the opposite sentiment.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker's use of a particular tone or emphasis suggests that they may be implying something indirectly, without stating it explicitly.

turn 1 : The literal meaning of this turn is that the speaker is excluding the people currently present from the criticism they are about to make. However, the actual meaning is that the speaker is making a sarcastic remark and implying that the people present are also guilty of the behavior they are criticizing.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker's tone and word choice suggest that they may be withholding information or expressing something indirectly, potentially due to fear of judgement or repercussions.


(Laughter) Yeah, cover their ears please. So basically, the goal of "Where's Waldo?"is you're trying to find a guy that's always wearing the same clothes - you know, it's red and white stripes and beanie hat and everything. And I remember as a kid I'd spend hours poring over this book trying to find Waldo, you know, and, oh, my gosh, where is he?And so I finally decided, well, you know what?Now as a Ph. D.  student, I can actually analyze this and sort of find the optimal route to look through the page to find Waldo.

(Laughter) This is your revenge on Waldo, isn't it?

Exactly.

Randy Olson, a Ph. D.  candidate at Michigan State University, researching artificial intelligence. Thanks so much for being with us.

turn 1 : He is just trying to get people to laugh around Halloween by telling a joke.

turn 1 : The speaker was misled into attending a meeting under false pretenses.

turn 1 : He jokes to the person that he can be seen and found everywhere all the time.

turn 1 : The speaker is suggesting that there may be a hidden agenda or underlying motive behind their words.

turn 1 : The speaker is not actually seeking revenge on Waldo. It is a joke, meant to be taken humorously.


Yeah.

. . . To (unintelligible).

Correct.

So what has changed since then?What has happened now?What's causing these federal charges to be brought now?

I think, you know, a big part of this is, one, the #MeToo movement, but two, a bigger part of this is the Miami Herald's three-part series late last year that sort of got everybody interested in this, including the Daily Beast - and we've been working on this now for a year - that highlighted, one, the non-prosecution agreement, why these girls weren't given their day in court - essentially made the U. S.  Justice Department look bad.

turn 0 : bad faith implies that the Justice Department is acting improperly and knows they are doing so

turn 0 : There might be more alleged victims in the federal indictment

turn 0 : The prosecutors collaborated with the supervisor to manipulate the system.

turn 0 : Some of the cases from long ago are still relevant to what is happening in this day.

turn 0 : The #MeToo movement, as well as the Miami Herald's series, have caused the U.S. Justice Department to re-examine their handling of the case and brought about the federal charges.


Without warning, I sat down to my meal. The pot pie looked like something Martha Stewart whipped up. And served in her mother's best china, Christiane's potatoes au gratin with green chilies could've been an expensive appetizer at a fine restaurant.

Mm, mm. Oh my gosh. It's really good. It's kind of got like that Tex-Mex flavor to it, like jalapenos. . .

I think if you don't add the chilis. . .

Mm.

turn 0 : The speaker is saying that money is important, but not as important as the enjoyment of cooking.

turn 0 : (1) In turn (1), the speaker is talking about a type of cooking where punctuation marks are used to decorate dishes. The implied meaning is that this type of cooking is different from traditional cooking methods, and it may not be appealing to everyone.

turn 0 : The pot pie looked like it had been professionally made and then served in an expensive manner.

turn 0 : Opening a restaurant without money was a difficult and risky venture

turn 0 : The taste of food is influenced by various factors such as the material, shape, color and weight of the utensils.


But a number of scientists say the issue has become so politicized that we're ignoring the real facts. They say study after study have shown that emergency contraceptives like Plan B inhibit or delay ovulation, they do not interfere with implantation.

Dr.  Kristina Gemzell-Danielsson has conducted some of this research. She's professor and chair of the Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Karolinska Institute in Sweden, and she joins us from Bergen, Norway. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY.

Thank you.

Are these abortion pills?

turn 1 : "Joining me now" does not imply that Jamie Raskin physically joined the interviewer in the same location, but rather that he is participating in the conversation remotely or over a video call. This is an example of a figurative or idiomatic use of language where the intended meaning is different from the literal meaning of the words used.

turn 1 : The speaker is asking the other person to continue the conversation.

turn 1 :  (2) Implies that the speaker is asking if the person they are talking to has anyone that helps them verify the facts that they are gathering.

turn 1 : the phrase "joining us from WDET" does not literally mean that Rochelle Riley is physically present at the WDET radio station. It is a standard phrase used in broadcasting to indicate that a guest is speaking remotely from another location.

turn 1 : "She joins us from Bergen, Norway" implies that the speaker is conducting an interview remotely with someone who is in a different location.


As the 2018 NFL season begins, professional football is still the most popular spectator sport in America. But it's declined 10 percent in viewership last year and is beset with tough questions about how the game destroys players while it earns billions of dollars and a continuing controversy over players demonstrating their social and political concerns during the national anthem. A sport once considered a source of national unity now inspires divisions.

Mark Leibovich, The New York Times Magazine correspondent who got the goods on official Washington, D. C. , in his bestselling "This Town," has turned his attention to the National Football League - his new book, "Big Game: The NFL In Dangerous Times. "He's in our studios. Mark, thanks so much for being with us.

Good to be here, Scott.

I have to ask you a hard news question first. An arbitrator ruled this week Colin Kaepernick's grievance against NFL owners could go to trial. He says NFL owners have been colluding to keep him out of the game. Does this case have what I'll call Mueller-like potential?

turn 0 : Professional football's viewership has declined and the game is controversial, despite its ongoing popularity in America.

turn 0 : Watching football is difficult because of the risk of players being permanently damaged.

turn 0 : In (1), the speaker is saying that the potential for esports is huge because the typical viewers and players are young males who do not watch traditional television. The literal meaning is straightforward, but the implied meaning is that traditional forms of media are becoming less relevant to younger generations, which is an important factor in the growth potential of esports.

turn 0 : Taking a hit means by having the popularity be less recognizable.


Good to be here, Scott.

turn 0 : Professional football is still popular, but it has declined in viewership and raised concerns over players' safety and political protests.

turn 0 : The speaker feels guilty about watching football because of the permanent damage it causes to players' health


Yes. We are quite cognizant of that. And most fundamentally, we are not inducing anybody to commit a crime. We're not asking for somebody to take something that was top secret. People need to make their own choices about what they think inside the government deserves public attention. That's not a decision for us to make. It's a decision for them to make.

The Obama administration was accused of invoking the Espionage Act to crackdown on leakers and pursuing whistleblowers more aggressively than any other administration in history. So why didn't you make this call under that administration?

Well, first of all actually, we have had a page for a long time on our site encouraging people to send us documents and information, including in secure ways. So the answer to that is we have been asking people. Why have we pushed it even farther now?Well, one of the reasons that we've pushed it farther now is because we have been hearing about ways in which federal employees are being told to keep quiet. And if people are being told to keep quiet, well, that means that there's a good chance that relevant information is not coming out that should be.

Haven't there been gag orders during the transition of previous administrations too?

turn 2 : (4) The literal meaning of turn (4) is that the reporter contacted the Department of Justice for comment, but the implied meaning is that the reporter wants to highlight the lack of response from the Department of Justice, which can suggest a lack of transparency or accountability.

turn 2 : The actual meaning of turn 3 is "Thank you for joining us and providing information on the topic."

turn 2 : The literal meaning of this turn is that people might think news organizations are concealing information, but the actual meaning is that people might think news organizations should not be concealing information.

turn 2 : The actual meaning of the third turn is that the speaker is implying that the current administration is trying to prevent important information from being released, and this is why they are pushing people to contact them with information.


Well, sure, it has something to do with it. Most - these smartphone patent wars are really kind of absurd. What really usually happens and what ought to happen is that you get in a patent fight and you very quickly use the patent fight to cross-license the patents that the other guy has that you need. But Apple has been asking for something really quite extraordinary in these smartphone wars. They've been asking for an injunction to pull some Samsung products off the market. And that tells you how seriously Apple takes Samsung as a competitor. I should also add that I virtually do not believe that there is a judge in the United States that will allow that injunction.

It also, of course, is irresistible to note that these figures come when Apple now has a pretty much brand new CEO, Tim Cook.

Yeah.

Following the death of Steve Jobs.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using a sarcastic or ironic tone to convey their true feelings or opinions about the situation, without explicitly stating them.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using humor or sarcasm to make a point or convey a message in a lighthearted way.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using sarcasm or irony to convey a different meaning than what is being explicitly stated.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using understatement or exaggeration to convey a message, often to emphasize a point or to add humor to a situation.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using a euphemism or understatement to convey a more significant or sensitive message.


We're joined now by NPR correspondent Kim Masters. Hi, Kim.

Hi, Alex.

Kim, remind us why the Screen Actors Guild and the studios haven't been able to see eye to eye.

Well, the big fight is how actors will be compensated for work in new media. They want jurisdiction and they want a piece of the pie. And the great backdrop against which this happened is that the entire Hollywood working community felt that they were short-changed when DVDs came into play; they didn't get a big enough piece of that pie. A lot of people have said they don't want to be burned again. The studios take the position that this is still a very new and not particularly lucrative media and that they need time and they're not going to start cutting in the actors on that big of a piece at this point, and they point that every other union that takes residuals has settled for an existing deal that the writers took and that the directors took. The Screen Actors Guild, which has very aggressive leadership, is the last holdout.

turn 0 : In (2), B asks about working with actors and acknowledges that the actor's performance is distinct from the creator's vision in graphic novels. The literal meaning of the words is straightforward and does not imply any additional or hidden meanings. However, the implied meaning is that B is curious about the challenges A faces in collaborating with actors, and whether A finds it frustrating to work with actors who have their own interpretation of the material.

turn 0 : This statement from B implies that Screen Actors Guild and the studios haven't been able meet in-person because they are portrayed as having very aggressive leadership and being the last union to hold out for a better deal.

turn 0 : If there is a strike, it would have an immediate and potentially a long-term devastating impact on the economy and for the Screen Actors Guild.

turn 0 : B implies that being a comedienne is not the same as being a businesswoman, and she wants to know how A manages the business side of her career.


I mean, I'm fortunate in that my voice is associated with big, worldwide soccer events. So if my voice becomes associated with big, American soccer events, there is a school of thought that that helps to add a certain validity to the occasion and to the broadcast. Now, whether that's the case is probably not for me to say, but that is the suggestion and the theory behind this.

But why do you think it hasn't really caught on here in America the same way?Because kids do it. You have soccer clubs all over the United States. Kids grow up playing soccer. And then, it kind of just stops.

Yeah. It does at the moment, or it has done up until this point. And it is the most played sport in that age group. For teenagers, soccer is the No. 1 participation event. And, gradually, that is translating into a greater interest in the professional game of soccer in this country. So one of the attractions of this job coming now, for me, is that if you look at the context of league soccer in this country, it began, effectively, in 1996. So this is season number 24 that begins over this weekend. If you translate that into the English game, league soccer there started in 1888. So, in the same terms, we're in 1911 now, here in America. So. . .

We're a young country in many ways (laughter).

turn 1 : Duck can swim is for sure impling that I can take care of myself is for sure.

turn 1 : i can take care my self for sure

turn 1 : duck in this context means to avoid something hitting you in the head

turn 1 : The water is so clean that it is safe to drink.


They're definitely not smarter than us. Some of them are really dumb. Like, I definitely have footage of raccoons who just crawl all over it for a little while and then slink away. But some of them - it is amazing how smart they seem to be. One of the videos I captured, the raccoon just walks up to the bin, pulls it right down and it lands with a bang. And then she turns and looks directly at the camera, almost as if to say, ha, you can't stop me. You can't stop me.

(Laughter). Amy Dempsey, an investigative reporter at the Toronto Star on the raccoon beat. Thank you so much.

Thank you.

And FYI, raccoon expert Suzanne MacDonald, told the Toronto Star that her research is ongoing, but the raccoons are, quote, "not starving to death - that's for sure. "

turn 1 : She creates lines of written work in stories that sound good and have a great deal of emotion. Also, the way she writes her stories has a great deal of meaning.

turn 1 : The story is emotional and difficult to hear.

turn 1 : The speaker is mentioning a song that reflects their current emotions.

turn 1 : The raccoons are not making a song. The woman is writing stories about them.

turn 1 : Writing through the woman's perspective is done to create mystery.


Hi, how are you Tony?

Fine. Congratulations to you for making some money when everybody's struggling. That's good news, isn't it?

It is. It's excellent news. It's a recession-proof business, so I'm very thankful for that.

What is it that makes it recession-proof, in your view?

turn 1 : Being good at something is not enough for success.

turn 1 : Despite being one of the wealthiest countries, people are struggling to make ends meet.

turn 1 : People want to work hard for things.

turn 1 : Everybody isn't struggling, but enough people are to make it notable that Person A is making money.

turn 1 : Life is going to be a struggle due to limited resources


Well, here's the interesting part. The scientific heavyweights like the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration didn't fare any better than the almanac last year, which makes you wonder: Is seasonal prediction even possible?Here to talk about it is Jason Samenow. He's a chief meteorologist for the Capital Weather Gang at The Washington Post. He joins us from NPR in Washington. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY.

Thank you for having me on.

So what are the predictions look like this year, and then should we pay attention to them?

There is a ton of uncertainty about what this winter's going to bring across much of the country. And that has to do with the fact that El Nino - which is the episodic warming of the equatorial Pacific, which was predicted to develop by now - really hasn't behaved as expected. So when we have an El Nino, we typically see warm and dry conditions across the Northern Tier and wet and cold conditions across the Southern Tier. But it has pretty much baffled forecasters in that it hasn't developed as models have predicted.

turn 3 : The conclusion that global warming was taking place was surprising to A and matched previous predictions.

turn 3 : El Reno has experienced severe weather before and is prepared for it

turn 3 : Climate change is hard to see because of how we perceive it.

turn 3 : There is no scientific evidence to support the belief that certain animal behaviors can predict winter weather

turn 3 : El Nino hasn't behaved as expected, making winter predictions uncertain


Thank you for having me on.

turn 3 : Extreme weather swings are happening more often due to climate change

turn 3 : The weather forecasters are uncertain about this winter's conditions due to the unpredicted behavior of El Nino


. . . a day. And. . .

. . . capsized on this catamaran. He's there with this guy called Rene Wassing, the Dutch anthropologist, and his last words are: I think I can make it.

I think I can make it. And he dove in and swam to shore, and was never seen again.

Now, you went to Asmat yourself. You are a writer who's worked in many countries, but you say this is 10,000 square miles of maybe one of the wildest places on earth.

Yeah. It's the southwest coast of what's now Indonesian Papua, was then Dutch New Guinea; and it is a swamp.

turn 1 : B acknowledges that A had to suppress the pressure he faced, but eventually reached a breaking point.

turn 1 : (2) B's last words were "I think I can make it" and then he dove in and swam to shore, but he was not able to make it and was never seen again. The actual meaning here is that B was optimistic about his chances of survival and tried to make a run for it, but ultimately failed.

turn 1 : In this turn, the speaker uses the phrase "I think I can make it" in an ironic or sarcastic manner. The actual meaning is that the person's last words were probably expressing optimism or confidence, but the speaker implies that it was unrealistic given the dire circumstances.

turn 1 : He was having a hard time thinking of an idea and then saw something.

turn 1 : He did not have a canoeing accident, he was running away from something.


. . . a day. And. . .

turn 3 : (4) A says that Asmat is "maybe one of the wildest places on earth", but the actual meaning is that Asmat is an extremely remote and dangerous place, rather than simply "wild" in the sense of being untamed or full of wildlife.

turn 3 : (4) - Implied meaning: People were encouraged to enjoy the outdoors and take in the beauty of nature

turn 3 : A: "But one of the things that's really exciting about dark matter, that makes it one of the deepest mysteries of the cosmos..." Implicated meaning: The speaker is expressing enthusiasm about the intriguing nature of dark matter, highlighting its status as one of the most profound mysteries in the universe. The actual meaning is not that dark matter is exciting in a literal sense, but rather that it presents a captivating and puzzling scientific inquiry.

turn 3 : The word "most dangerous place on Earth" implies an exaggeration to emphasize the severity of the situation.

turn 3 : "wild, wild West" is a figurative expression that means a situation where there is a lack of control or regulation.


Yes. I think it still is hard for some categories of people, so I'm keen to support people from underrepresented groups in physics. But also, there are people who maybe badly need the money. People from less well-off households could be very good physicists but just don't have that financial cushion.

So I'm wondering what advice you'd give to a young woman pursuing a career in the sciences.

I'd encourage her to hang in there. It's not quite as easy for her as it is for her male colleagues, but it is getting better. And working in the sciences is fantastic. You'll never want for a job.

Jocelyn Bell Burnell is an award-winning astrophysicist. Congratulations on your award.

turn 0 : The education system is not working properly and is causing a lot of stress for students.

turn 0 : When you hand out money quickly with no regulations people will spend it on things that are not needed.

turn 0 : Most people don't have enough money to pay for school.

turn 0 : People want to work hard for things.

turn 0 : Certified teachers are not paid enough for their education and experience.


That's Theia. That's the Mars-sized planet that people have been invoking all these years, for about the last 40 years now. And that led to detailed models and dozens and dozens of papers exploring this idea of fleshing out various scenarios. And in the last 10 years, we really thought we were approaching the endgame, where we could make the Earth, we could give it its spin, we could, you know, make a moon. . .

And you had it all wrapped up?

We had it all wrapped up, and not only could we make a moon, but we could make a moon that has pretty odd composition. I mean, the moon has a composition that's really odd. It's like - it is like George Darwin said, it's like you pulled a piece of the mantle out of the Earth and popped it into the sky, but. . .

So it's made of mostly Earth stuff?

turn 0 : Theia is the Mars-sized planet that collided with Earth

turn 0 : A civilization that has become unknown to other civilizations over the years.

turn 0 : A planet named Theia has been discussed for 40 years.

turn 0 : Jupiter being a big planet with lots of gravity attracts space rocks.

turn 0 : The actual meaning is that there are only 9,000 known near-Earth asteroids despite there being approximately 500,000 in total.


Why was it important for the Colorado Springs Police Department to investigate the Klan?

My job as an intelligence officer detective was to monitor any subversive activity which could negatively impact the city of Colorado Springs. And let's face it, the Ku Klux Klan historically is a subversive group. And when I saw the ad in the newspaper, obviously, I perked up to this fact and set about trying to address it to understand it.

You had to come up with a gambit for actually meeting him, and you couldn't meet him. You had to find a colleague to do it. So what was the gambit you came up with?

The gambit was I, obviously as a black man of African descent, could not meet Ken O'dell, the local organizer posing as a KKK member. So I had to take a - have a white officer introduced into the mix posing as Ron Stallworth. So I got a undercover narcotics detective friend of mine - in the book, he's identified as Chuck. That's not his real name, but I had Chuck pose as me. And for the initial meeting, I gave him any identification that I had minus a photograph so that if they should question him about being me, he could pull those out and, you know, convince them, and it worked. We did this for 7 1/2 months.

turn 1 : The KKK is dangerous despite not being intelligent.

turn 1 : The Ku Klux Klan is a subversive group that can negatively impact Colorado Springs.

turn 1 : The person who shook my hand is a member of the KKK

turn 1 : White progressives cause harm to people of color despite their belief that they are not racist.


To occur at the same time. . .

Exactly.

. . . Which, of course, would deplete the emergency resources the city could bring to it. In the. . .

turn 0 : The tactics used were very dangerous and deadly to the protestors.

turn 0 : The protest turned violent, despite initially being peaceful.

turn 0 : Yeah, Scott, well it began with - you know, it was a warm night last night, and people were out - it was a Friday night - sitting at a restaurant out at a cafe. And that's how it started. The attackers drove by with Kalashnikovs and just fired into everyone at that outdoor cafe. And there was also an attack on the stadium - the national stadium - where Francois Hollande was watching a game - a friendly game - match between France and Germany - a soccer match. And two assailants blew themselves up with - they were suicide bombers outside the stadium. And everyone ran to the grass to take cover. There was complete chaos. It had to be evacuated. The thing authorities are saying that's so striking is that they were perfectly coordinated.

turn 0 : Facilities that were supposed to be safe places were bombed.


To occur at the same time. . .

Exactly.

turn 2 : The speaker is agreeing with the previous speaker's statement about the attacks being coordinated, and the use of the word "exactly" suggests a shared understanding between the two speakers. This also implies that there may be more to the story than what has been reported so far, and that further investigation may be necessary to fully understand the nature and motives of the attackers.

turn 2 : Arguments that were made by some of the people who attacked him - attacked does not mean physically attacked. It means hurt with words.

turn 2 : In this turn, the speaker is not just providing a straightforward answer to the question asked by the interviewer. Instead, they are using the opportunity to condemn the violent behavior of protesters and emphasize the importance of peaceful demonstrations. The implied meaning is that the government does have a policy for dealing with protesters, but the speaker is more interested in making a statement about the need for peaceful protest.

turn 2 : Implicates that the speaker finds the idea of trading money for information about potential terror attacks morally objectionable.


In 2013, a professor there, Ethan Zuckerman, had said, look - this is a guy who's a sex offender. He's done these crimes against children, solicited procurement of prostitution of minors. He shouldn't be involved in the institute. So two years later, when Ito was making sure that he could come to the offices to look around, they essentially said, we've got to box Zuckerman out so that he won't be able to see that Epstein is on campus.

So have there been any ramifications to this other than Ito's resignation?

Well, sure. Zuckerman resigned. A couple other people have resigned affiliations with the lab. I think there's real questions focusing on the university - why this resignation didn't come sooner, why it wasn't forced. You don't need an MIT Ph. D.  to be able to read the writing on the wall that's in letters that big. And they should have had some accountability and responsibility. The initial statements didn't, you know, seem to allow the precise nature of the interactions, the precise figures involved to be obscured to the public. That's not the kind of accountability you want from a place like MIT.

Can you just talk a little bit more about what you think the bigger-picture consequences are of this?I mean, what does this lab do, and why do you think that it's important that people focus on something like this?

turn 2 : The "MIT PhD" and "writing on the wall" comments imply that the situation should have been obvious to all observers.

turn 2 :  "writing very disparaging things about our victims - not believing them, dismissing their cases, not bothering to work on them."

turn 2 : In turn 2, the speaker is implying that the privacy of the room is important for them to be able to inhabit other realities and make them believable.

turn 2 : (3) When the speaker states that science is under attack, they are implying that politicians are misusing science to further their own agendas, rather than relying on scientific evidence to inform their decisions.


turn 2 : There is no clear process for who has accountability and makes decisions. The mission was outside of the office instead of being conducted via phone or internet.

turn 2 : MIT should have taken responsibility and acted sooner to address the issue.

turn 2 : The administration should be planning for the future and not just focusing on immediate reactions

turn 2 : We are taking strict actions against irresponsible prescribers.

turn 2 : Implies that Bill Clinton should have known better than to take such an action.


It's surprising to me how many people believe that most suspects will invoke their right and remain silent when in fact they don't.

Gee, what's the psychology behind that, do you think?

The crooks think they're smarter than the cops. They've rehearsed their story and their alibi and they got to get it out. And they're hoping that if they waive their rights and speak to us they'll be able to baffle us and we'll leave them alone and walk away.

Can you recall a scene that you think really gets it right?

turn 3 : In (4), the speaker asks if the other person can recall a scene that accurately portrays suspects' behavior when questioned by the police. The implied meaning is that the speaker is interested in finding examples of suspects speaking to the police despite having the right to remain silent, possibly to better understand the phenomenon.

turn 3 : The actual meaning of (3) is that many people wrongly assume that suspects will remain silent when questioned, when in fact they rarely do.

turn 3 : (3) implies that the speaker wants to know what the speaker observed,

turn 3 : The speaker has had multiple interactions with law enforcement agencies inquiring about the activities of their customers.