A Russian activist has shared a secret video clip that shows two of the Pussy Riot members who were arrested being interrogated. A furious policeman shouts, sometimes I regret that it's not 1937 - the time called the Great Terror in Russia under Josef Stalin, in which a million or more people were executed.

Pussy Riot knows the score. They live and strive in a country where activists, dissidents, artists and reporters can suffer for their bravery, and they went ahead with their action anyway, just below Vladimir Putin's cold smile. Pussy Riot are champions.

(Singing) Big smile for the camera. It's always on. It's all in the protocol. They tapped my phone. Golden idols holding rivals. Take my body, anybody. I'm your trophy. Make my nose bleed. Now you own me. Oh, my God, I'm so happy, I could die. Oh, my God, I'm so happy, I could cry. Oh, my God, I'm so happy, I could cry. Everybody's doing the same thing, and it makes me happy, yeah. It makes me happy, yeah. Oh, my God.

Pussy Riot.

turn 0 : She wrote an article asking if the police were not doing their jobs as well as they should have.

turn 0 : A jokingly questions if St. Peter is a white cop due to his negative experiences with white cops.

turn 0 : The officers were fired from their jobs abruptly and not allowed to fraternize with the people that stayed.

turn 0 : The policeman wishes he could execute Pussy Riot members.

turn 0 : implies that the speaker was advocating for themselves to be violently punished,


Pussy Riot.

turn 0 : The policeman is expressing a desire to execute the Pussy Riot members, as he regrets not being able to do so in a time when millions were executed under Stalin's regime.

turn 0 : "We probably can't arrest our way out of this problem" - This turn means that relying solely on the criminal justice system to solve the problem of sexual abuse is not enough. The literal meaning of the sentence would be that arresting people is not a viable solution.

turn 0 : The implied meaning of the first turn is that people have become apathetic to the problems facing the city and are not taking action.


We're small compared to some of the other growers throughout the state here in Illinois. But we normally have everything in the ground. As of Monday, we only had about 25% or so in the ground tops, actually a little bit less than that.

So what are you going to do?As you said, like, normally, you've had your corn in. And then I guess you'd move onto your beans. What are you going to do?

Right now we have a few different options. We do carry crop insurance, as does many of the farmers throughout the state and throughout the Midwest, for that matter. And we do have an option to take what they call prevent plants. That's part of our crop insurance.

What happens if you and all of your neighbors don't get your corn into the field?Like I say, as you've told me now, you've got like only about a fraction in the ground if what you normally would have at this time of year. Are we going to - forgive me for being selfish about it - are we not going to have corn this summer to go with our barbecues and everything else or what?What's going to happen?

turn 0 : bunch of others implies there are so many others available

turn 0 : People want to work hard for things.

turn 0 : having everything in group implies that all the necessities and requirements are made available, not implies everything in the floor

turn 0 : you've got the whole thing likely means that they have everything needed to succeed.

turn 0 : All they have is the way of life that takes place outside of buildings.


He does seem more comfortable making deals with his fellow New Yorker Chuck Schumer than he does Mitch McConnell and Paul Ryan. But Republicans in Congress almost shrugged this off this week. Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell said, in his own dry way, we look forward to seeing the president's own legislative proposal. But this also does seem to be the first time in this tentative deal on the DREAMers that Donald Trump did something that could possibly alienate his base.

Well, that's a good point. I mean, what about his base?We have seen some reaction to this. What has it been?

This is splitting his base. Polls show that most Americans are sympathetic to the DREAMers. Majorities favor letting them stay, even large numbers of Republicans, but not the president's hardcore base. And we saw this week on Twitter some Trump supporters burning their Make America Great Again hats. We saw the headlines in Breitbart, the "alt-right" website run by his former political adviser, Steve Bannon. The headline said "Amnesty Don. "We're now going to find out how much of his base is what I call the Fifth Avenue voters, people who will stick with him no matter what. You know, he famously said, I could stand on Fifth Avenue and shoot someone and not lose any voters.

Right.

turn 0 : Bush admits he compromised his beliefs to address economic crisis

turn 0 : Despite congressional interest, the Trump administration is not listening to anyone but Donald Trump

turn 0 : Republicans in Congress are not doing enough to hold Donald Trump accountable for his actions and words

turn 0 : Donald Trump's deal on DREAMers is not supported by his base

turn 0 : Everyone is talking about something that no one can deny as everyone sees it. It might not upset people who like Bernie Sanders and make them want to vote for someone else.


Right.

turn 2 : The president's hardcore base does not support letting DREAMers stay

turn 2 : The irony is that even though congressional Republican leadership may be opposed to Donald Trump's immigration policy, they still ultimately want to pass some kind of immigration reform.

turn 2 : A believes that Trump's appeal to the Second Amendment and support for coal resonated with voters.

turn 2 : The Trump administration has taken several steps that have made it harder for military members to get citizenship

turn 2 : A believes that George Bush would want to avoid political discussions and focus on a more positive conversation.


I don't know how long people's memories are about that, Jackie, and I raised that because it seems that most people seemed to have understood that President Obama inherited this economic crisis, and yet there is a question as to how long they will allow him to enjoy the good feeling of support before they turn on him. . .

Right.

If things don't turn in the economy quickly.

Well, that's right. You know, we're all hemming and hawing about this package. All will be forgotten. What people will remember is whether or not they felt like it worked. I think, you know, all the polls suggest now that the people really know the he did inherit this. He has - there's no blame for it and it's a, you know, nobody really knows what to do, they're just sort of experimenting much as Franklin Roosevelt did, you know 70 years ago. And - but I think that he definitely has to be seen as competent and that was a big rap against George Bush, that overtime people of the overwhelming majority of Americans just thought he was proven incompetent in handling the economy.

turn 3 : They are implying that they are short on time

turn 3 : They are implying they don't have any confidence

turn 3 : hemming and hawing is another way of saying they were complaining.... A LOT

turn 3 : quite frankly means quite honestly, or the person is telling the truth but some people might not like it

turn 3 : The backlash means that people are complaining about the situation.


You know, I'm not sure exactly where the cuts will take place. I know they've got several issues in mind. I think it's definitely a reflection upon the times right now, and how difficult the environment is for financial service firms.

You wrote in your piece today that the bonus pool is still the sixth largest on record. How much money was it overall?

Overall, it was 18. 4 billion, but it was down from about 33 billion last year. So it's a decline, but it's still, like you said, the sixth largest, so there's been thoughts that the past compensations have gotten a little excessive. So there's definitely an argument that that was the case.

And all of this in the wake of a bonus scandal at Merrill Lynch. What's been going on there?

turn 0 : The cuts will be significant and likely affect employees.

turn 0 : If there is a strike, it would have an immediate and potentially a long-term devastating impact on the economy and for the Screen Actors Guild.

turn 0 : The sectors are protected from having to layoff any employees.

turn 0 : The behavior of the company should be investigated since it continued for many years.

turn 0 : The state department was loosing a great many employees.


turn 1 : The lack of bonuses affected stock market sales.

turn 1 : The fact that the bonus pool is the sixth largest on record contradicts the idea of financial service firms facing difficult times.

turn 1 : The oversight of the bailout money may not be as strong as it is intended to be.

turn 1 : The situation is much worse than ever before and people are starting to think about alternative options if their current job is not secured.


turn 2 : (3) implies that there is a possibility of further financial compensation beyond the previously approved payments, while

turn 2 : Many people are losing their jobs and companies are going bankrupt.

turn 2 : The past compensations for financial firms have been excessive.

turn 2 : If they began to lose money steadily then they would change their pay.

turn 2 : bunch of bad debt implies owing too many debts or inability to pay a lot of debts owed


As soon as we saw it, there's no mistaking it, Mr.  Fernandez told the New York Post. It's basically a miniature version of the shark you see in the movie "Jaws. "And Mr.  Fernandez and his fishing buddies were in a boat not far off 116th Street. Close enough, as he said, that we could still see the colors of the bathing suits of the people on the beach.

The great white that Steve Fernandez snagged turned out to be an 80 pound baby shark. The shark's mother, who probably weighs about 600 pounds, was swimming only a little further away. Great white sharks are apparently protected by New York State regulations. The authorities consider sharks too big to fail so the fisher people snapped a few shark selfies and slipped their catch back into the see. A great white shark in far Rockaway, Queens - well, why not?They say you can find at least one of everything somewhere in New York. But wouldn't you think the sharks would swim closer to Wall Street?

(Singing) Baby there's a shark in the water. There's something underneath my bed. Oh, please believe, I said. Baby there's a shark in the water. I caught them barking at the moon. You better get here soon.

V.  V.  Brown. You're listening to NPR News.

turn 2 : The singer is implyihng that Frank Rogers and he cowrote the song in question together.

turn 2 : The lyrics of the song in turn 3 are actually about a romantic relationship, not an actual shark in the water.

turn 2 : The speaker is emotionally moved by the lyrics of the song.

turn 2 : The turn that has an actual meaning different from its literal meaning is (4): "How do you cast sculptures in what amounts to an underwater gallery, not just this installation in the Thames, obviously, but some that you've done all over the world?"


From NPR News, it's Day to Day. A trip to the grocery store is not going to get any cheaper anytime soon. The Agricultural Department now forecasts a four to five percent increase in food prices next year. That is in addition to a five to six percent increase this year. Joining us now is John Dimsdale from Marketplace. John, how unusual is it for food prices to rise so fast?

Yeah, well, food inflation this year is the worst it's been in 20 years. Usually, you know, food prices go up in the 2 or 3 percentage range every year, but we're looking at some very dramatic increases this year, especially when you look at specific foods. Eggs, for example, are up 14 percent this year according to the Ag Department, cereals and baked goods almost 10 percent, dairy products too, fruits and vegetables, they're all up in the 5 or 6 percent range this year.

Breakfast is going to be a serious problem.

Usually, when we hear about these increases in food costs, energy costs, weather problems are the ones to blame. But haven't those problems gotten somewhat better lately?

turn 2 : Breakfast is going to be a serious problem

turn 2 : It is being implied that setting out the food was a temporary fix.

turn 2 : The World Food Programme has to decide who is not going to get food due to the lack of resources, and those who are most in need often have to go without.

turn 2 : Food is the most important think for each any every human.

turn 2 : Turn 4 has an implied meaning that conveys a sense of irony or humor. While the speaker's comment is framed as a joke and elicits laughter from their conversation partner, it also carries a serious message about the importance of getting enough sleep.


The response that I'd make to that is a couple of things. Part of it is a culture clash. In the West, we are very fetishistic about originality. We want to touch the object that the master touched. This goes back to the days of reliquaries when people had bits and pieces of saints that they carried around with them. The old saw in the East, as it's my grandfather's knife, I replace the handle. My father replaced the blade. It's my grandfather's knife.

For people in other parts of the world, the role of objects is not to somehow through the object itself bring you close to history. It is a visual cue that provides memories of history. The history and heritage resides in the mind. And that's what these reconstructions can certainly provide and have provided for hundreds and hundreds of years. Indeed, most of the sites in Sicily today are 19th century reconstructions.

I never knew that. I mean, I've been to Syracuse and all over Sicily and I was seeing reconstructions?

Absolutely. If you were in Syracuse, you certainly did. Naxos is a very good original site, but many of the other sites are significantly reconstructed.

turn 0 : The speaker is pointing out the cultural differences between America and their country, where America tends to cover up imperfections while their country embraces them. Implicated meaning: The speaker values authenticity and honesty over superficial appearances.

turn 0 : Implied meaning: the West's obsession with originality is a cultural clash with the East's approach to objects, which is to replace the parts of objects and thus keep them alive in memory and history.

turn 0 : Implied meaning: People are feeling resentment and anger towards people who think they don't have to follow the same rules as everyone else.

turn 0 : The implied meaning of the first turn is that people have become apathetic to the problems facing the city and are not taking action.

turn 0 : Turn (1) has an implicated meaning that is different from its literal meaning. Although the speaker denies that the remarks were racially motivated, the implication is that the speaker believes they were in fact racially motivated, and is trying to downplay or avoid addressing that implication.


Well, this ongoing and developing saga between singers Chris Brown and Rihanna. The president's proposed stimulus package is getting kicked around online as well. This is from the blog Political Season. He writes: Half of America is very weary of the bailout, and the other half loathes it, and nobody understands the logic going into it. Is it just me or would it have made a whole lot more sense for there to have been some public disclosure so that people understood the urgency and the emergency involved?

And this is from the blog Cob(ph): Like the woman who was pregnant when she voted for Obama because she thought he'd change America's health-care system in time for her baby, a lot of people are going to be disappointed to find that the stimulus plan is not going to be as broad and timely as the economy will be wiping out jobs.

And after today's developments, they are probably going to be even more confused in terms of what's about to happen. What can people find out on our Web site this week, Geoffrey?

Well, we've got two recent in-studio performances, one from Maisha, another one from Asha. They're both female singers who go by one name.

turn 0 : Kicked into high gear isn't literal. It's a phrase meaning the investigations started to produce some results and seemed likely to produce more.

turn 0 : 1- The speaker got into a fight because someone hit him after he danced with someone else's partner. It was a territorial dispute between gangs. It was also a way to gain respect. 4- The speaker was surrounded by guys and warned his friend not to give up.

turn 0 : A "kickback" in this case refers to a bribe or some other incentive, no actual physical interaction is happening in reality.

turn 0 : kicked around means people are talking about it quite frequently

turn 0 : "the journalist in you kicks in" - This is an idiom that means the person's journalistic instincts or tendencies took over, rather than a literal physical action of someone kicking.


turn 0 : The stimulus package is being talked about online in a good and a bad way.

turn 0 : The stimulus package may be seen as a Ponzi scheme by some

turn 0 : Obama's travel is strategic to push for the stimulus bill.

turn 0 : The constant stream of bad news online contributed to the financial crisis.


Hi, Ira, how are you?

Hi there. So Curiosity took its first little wheels, it rocked, and it rolled today, or this week, rolling around.

It did. Yeah, it did. A couple days ago we drove backwards and forwards both, just to test out that the wheels, the motors would work and that the wheels were all in good shape. And so it was our first tracks on Mars, so to speak.

And what was the purpose of its first laser beam?

turn 1 : This implies that B wants to know if A has any Rock in mind that they want to use the rover's instruments to study.

turn 1 :  "rocked and rolled" implies that the Curiosity rover, which is a robotic vehicle sent to Mars by NASA was able to navigate uneven terrain.

turn 1 : to be rolled over means to step aside and the narrator is suggesting that the man needs to defend himself.

turn 1 : Turn 1: "spin" is used as a general term to describe rotational movement, whereas its literal meaning is to rotate rapidly and smoothly around a central axis.


Beppe Grillo of the Five Star Movement - which you mentioned - and the Democratic Party have the numbers to do that. And I think if the Grillo people are not - if they are wise and responsible, I think they should do something. They got a lot of votes, now they have to do something with that. Italy doesn't have the time to wait for another year, another election. The market cannot wait. Europe does not wait.

Yeah, they're not waiting, but Mr.  Grillo, so far, has been very uncooperative.

Look, I read something that Mr.  Grillo said today, and it is that he expect Mr.  Berlusconi - therefore the right - and the Democratic Party - therefore the left - to form a sort of grand coalition government, and say - and then there will be a disaster. And there will be - and I will - and there will be another election, and I will be a winner on the rubble - he used the expression macerie, that means the rubble - of Italy.

We don't want rubbles. We are a good country of Southern Europe, and we want to be a successful country. So I think that even the deputies of Mr.  Grillo are not happy with that. They're now in parliament. They've got a job to do. I'm sure they can find 10, 15 points that they share with the Democratic Party, and form some kind of government, and start from there. I mean, to just say, I want to destroy everything, so next time I've got to have(ph) 50 percent, it's totally irresponsible.

turn 3 : (2) Grill: to question someone intensively and aggressively.

turn 3 : Mr. Grillo's desire to destroy everything for personal gain is irresponsible.

turn 3 : He should not be blamed for anything as he only does what he is told to do.

turn 3 : Not taking action to prevent something harmful from happening is wrong.


A whistleblower has told Congress that at least 25 people were granted security clearances by the Trump administration after career employees recommended denying those clearances. Those 25 include two current senior White House officials. The whistleblower's name is Tricia Newbold. She's an 18-year career employee who currently works at the Personnel Security Office. That's the office that recommends for or against granting security clearances to members of the administration. She gave these details in private testimony to the House Oversight Committee last month.

Joining me now is a member of that committee, Jamie Raskin, Democrat from Maryland. Welcome.

I'm delighted to be with you.

So Tricia Newbold flags three particular instances involving senior White House officials who are kept anonymous. Can you tell us a little more about these officials who were initially denied security clearances but those decisions were overruled?

turn 1 : joins me now implies to be a part of program or activity and not referring to get attached together

turn 1 : "Joining me now" does not imply that Jamie Raskin physically joined the interviewer in the same location, but rather that he is participating in the conversation remotely or over a video call. This is an example of a figurative or idiomatic use of language where the intended meaning is different from the literal meaning of the words used.

turn 1 : "She joins us from Bergen, Norway" implies that the speaker is conducting an interview remotely with someone who is in a different location.

turn 1 : "joined me" - This is an idiomatic expression that means to come together for a meeting or an event. It does not mean that Ron Elving physically joined the person he is speaking to.

turn 1 : The interviewer reminds the speaker of what they've been saying, which is different from what the speaker is saying now.


I'm delighted to be with you.

turn 3 : There are no actual flags, the leader is adept at diplomacy and attacking others.

turn 3 :  "What led your client Tricia Newbold to conclude that the problems she was seeing in her office could not be addressed within the executive branch that she works for but instead needed to be addressed by Congress?"  The phrase "addressed by Congress" is figurative, as it means that the issues raised by Tricia Newbold needed to be dealt with by the legislative branch of government, rather than just the executive branch where she worked.

turn 3 : The implied meaning of this turn is that other members of the White House may seek legal counsel in light of President Trump's actions.

turn 3 :  "Flags" does not mean that Tricia Newbold actually used flags to indicate the instances involving senior White House officials. Instead, it implies that she drew attention to these instances or brought them to the committee's notice. This is an example of a figurative or idiomatic use of language where the intended meaning is different from the literal meaning of the words used.

turn 3 : The actual meaning of the turn is different from its literal meaning. The turn is using hyperbole to suggest that the county of Jefferson in Colorado could be a key factor in deciding the election, despite the fact that it is only one of many counties in the state and there are other swing states in the election.


So to set the stage for this, the Democrat at the head of the House Intelligence Committee says that Joseph Maguire - now, he's the acting director of national intelligence - says that he's been instructed by a higher authority to not turn over the complaint. In your view, is that valid?

Well, under the statute, it is not. But the question then becomes, what is the proper role of the IG?And is the IG simply a free agent within the executive branch of the government, responsible to no one?- which would be a strange situation.

So what I'm telling you, Audie, is that this issue, if pushed to the limit - which it looks like it's going to be - raises the question of whether the - there's a separation of powers issue here. The IG has to be something other than a free agent. He was put in place under a statute designed to assist the Congress in its oversight role, but he's not a congressional employee. He's not a congressional - he's not a legislative employee.

But he is a watchdog, no?And should that. . .

He's a watchdog.

turn 3 : something that was hinted at or suggested, but not directly stated. When a person looks at his watch

turn 3 : They are asking if the person watches over other's actions and controls them.

turn 3 : The person wants to know where the crimes are not taking place and who is not getting hurt.

turn 3 : They are just acknowledging the person's answer

turn 3 :  implies that the speaker is expressing gratitude for the other person's time and attention.


So this is the second year that the numbers are up. What kind of numbers are we talking about?

We are reporting four hectares of overwintering colonies. That's 9. 1 acres. That is the area that they occupy, so that is indeed very good news compared to last year where we only had a little bit over one hectare.

You've been out in the field with them. Just describe for our listeners what - if they haven't been able to see them, what these monarch butterflies look like when they come to stay in Mexico.

Once they arrive to Michoacan - which is the name of the state where the forests are and the state of Mexico - they congregate on fir trees.

High up in the mountains - I mean, it's quite a steep climb to get there.

turn 1 : The farming communities are disappearing due to factors such as depopulation, urbanization, and economic challenges.

turn 1 : (2) We are reporting four hectares of overwintering colonies.That's 9.1 acres.That is the area that they occupy, so that is indeed very good news compared to last year where we only had a little bit over one hectare.

turn 1 : The town has farms and preserves as part of its tradition.

turn 1 : Polarization of national politics affects even the smallest farming communities


turn 2 : The author woke up with a vision of millions of butterflies covering the forest, which inspired the novel.

turn 2 : (3) - Describe for our listeners what the monarch butterflies look like, instead of asking the listeners to actually go and see them.

turn 2 : The person being discussed was not an expert on butterflies but had great interest in them

turn 2 :  In turn (4), the speaker describes the birds "flying" in the wind tunnel with the wind blowing in their faces, which is not a literal description of flight but rather an approximation of the experience.


Yeah. And the police have actually been very open about this, and they've done a number of internal investigations. And they believe if everything had gone absolutely properly and correctly, they could've been there 16 minutes earlier. Part of the problem here, though, because they have taken something some - a fair amount of criticism I thought was unfair, They didn't have a plan for this because why would you?I mean, who sits around and dreams up a plan in a country with a miniscule violent crime rate to expect that someone's going to blow up Central Oslo and then drive out to a youth summer camp on an island and start gunning people down?

I mean, that's not going to rank high in the probability scale. There was a fair amount of distance to cover, and they had a problem with the boat. You know, I spent some time with a police officer named Hakon Hval, who was one of the first to respond. He had worked in that district, the North Buskerud District for, I believe, eight years at that point, and he'd never been to Utoya. There had never been a reason to go to Utoya. But he was driving one of the boats, and he turned to pick up some Delta commandos. And when they all got in the boat, the bow of the boat pushed out on some rocks and was grounded. So to get the bow up, they shuffled to the back and the stern just. . .

Flooded the engine, yes.

Yeah.

turn 0 : There is a problem with gun violence in America.

turn 0 : The situation in Venezuela is very violent and dangerous.

turn 0 : Proposes a different approach to dealing with non-violent drug crimes.

turn 0 : It is unexpected for a country with low crime rate to experience such a violent crime

turn 0 : They are on a list of people that are treated badly by the country.


Flooded the engine, yes.

Yeah.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The Navy was concerned that the wreck was being illegally salvaged and the recreational dive companies were unaware of the consequences of their actions.

turn 2 : The boat had engine trouble and flooded due to a group of Delta commandos shuffling to the back

turn 2 : "and that complicated the rescue effort." - The implied meaning here is that the wind made the rescue effort more difficult, rather than just causing complications.

turn 2 : (3) Had a mandatory evacuation been ordered, they would have had to evacuate the hospitals.


I'm Tony Cox, and this is NEWS AND NOTES. On today's Africa update, is Somalia the forgotten crisis?Plus, Spain indicts 40 Rwandan military officers for genocide. And HIV positive men get arrested in Egypt. For more, we've got Bill Fletcher. He is a Senior Scholar with the Institute for Policy Studies and former president of TransAfrica Forum. Bill, nice to talk to you again.

I'm glad to be back.

Let's start with Somalia. United Nations Agency UNICEF says the lives of up to 15,000 children are at risk in Somalia unless emergency aid arrives in the next few weeks. It also says children in Somalia are more at risk than children anywhere else in the world. Now since fighting in the capital Mogadishu began nearly six months ago, thousands have fled the city and are living in refugee camps. They are facing starvation and disease. Question number one: Why does Somalia have such a pressing humanitarian crisis right now?

Well, as you know, Somalia has been in a state of almost constant turmoil since 1991 when Siad Barre was overthrown and a clan-based civil war unfolded. And the Somali state, there was no government. It basically collapsed and had been non existent basically until the union of Islamic Courts - an Islamist group - took over power years ago.

turn 3 : The situation in Somalia is not receiving the attention it deserves.

turn 3 :  "Somalia has been in a state of almost constant turmoil" is a figurative expression, as "state of turmoil" is a metaphorical way of describing the ongoing conflict and instability in Somalia. "Collapsed and had been non-existent" is also figurative language, as the country still existed physically but lacked a functioning government.

turn 3 : (3) In turn (3), the speaker implies that the recent events in Iraq are not normal and that there is a sense of uncertainty and instability, despite some signs of progress.

turn 3 : The literal meaning of this turn is that the tribal aspect of this conflict has triggered the most horrific aspects of this war. The implied meaning is that the tribal divisions are at the root of the war and are responsible for the extreme violence.


Senator Clinton is showing signs of being very interested in having the second slot on the ticket, whether or not ultimately she really wants to be vice president. I think she wants to have the salute that goes with having that job offered. Even if she chooses not to take it, and perhaps there would be good reasons for her to go either way, she would like to have the salute to her efforts and her constituencies that's implied by the offer.

Does that salute include money?

Well, she does have a campaign debt. I don't think that it's a crippling debt, and the Clintons have their own ability to either cover that debt or to raise money on their own. But they do need to get that money raised by the end of the summer. Otherwise, it's not going to be retireable under the current fundraising rules. So she needs to get it done soon, and she could use some help with that. Barack Obama could provide that support with his online fundraising base of a million and a half contributors.

All right, Ron. Thanks again.

turn 0 : This implies that Senator Clinton does not really want to become the Vice President, she just wanted to be honored for trying.

turn 0 : People who usually would vote for the Republican candidate are considering voting for Hillary Clinton instead.

turn 0 : Hillary Clinton would also generate a lot of interest.

turn 0 : This implies that the female candidate is capable of competing with Schwarzenegger in some sort of political race or contest.

turn 0 : She might have discovered the illegal activity Rudy Giuliani was conducting.


Has the United States done this before - taken back citizens who have some connection to ISIS fighters?

We know of one previous case. That's of Samantha El Hassani and her four children, who were repatriated to the U. S.  She's now standing trial in Indiana in a federal court, accused of providing material support to terrorism. Although, she's pleading not guilty, saying, you know, her husband dragged her to Syria. The U. S.  has said that they want to take back citizens. And President Trump has even urged in a tweet for other countries to take their citizens back. But it's not a blanket acceptance of people from Syria. The State Department says they're looking at the individuals on a case-by-case basis. And there is the ongoing controversial case of Hoda Muthana. She was born in New Jersey. She's been previously issued with U. S.  passports, but the U. S.  is challenging her citizenship status because her father is Yemeni.

As you point out, this is not just about U. S.  citizens. Tens of thousands of people went to Syria and Iraq to join ISIS. How are other countries handling this with their own citizens?

Well, as you say, it's a huge problem. So we're looking at about 46 other countries who are having to deal with this at the moment. And there's 13,000 women and children in the camps in Syria as well as the men in prisons. Some people have - some countries have taken their citizens back, like Kazakhstan and Sudan. But a lot of countries in Europe are saying, you know, we don't want these people back. The U. K.  has gone as far as stripping some people of citizenship.

turn 1 : Not all citizens from Syria will be accepted back.

turn 1 : He does not go into Syria, just told what is happening there.

turn 1 : The Syrian regime has been in power for a long time, and there is a possibility that Bashar will outlast Trump.

turn 1 : The person was not actually taken to Syria, they were just told what was going on there.

turn 1 : Some countries have made going to Syria a crime and people may serve prison time for it.


turn 3 : The UK government has removed citizenship from some people.

turn 3 : EU citizens living in Great Britain and British citizens living in the EU have undefined rights

turn 3 : The administration is unsure of how to defend their stance on the citizenship question.

turn 3 : They need the countries to realize this is the way things should be done in other countries.

turn 3 : The Trump administration has taken several steps that have made it harder for military members to get citizenship


. . . And she really went for the eyes. But besides that first thought, my sister was a genius. She was just a creative person all around. And when I came into the world, my sister kind of took me by my hand and was like, OK, you know, our family didn't have a lot of money, but this is how you have fun - and just showed me how to use my imagination, how to be creative.

On this album, Brittany Howard talks about how she became herself - the artist, but also the person.

(Singing) My grandmama's a maid. My momma was brave to take me outside, because momma is white and daddy is black. . .

This song is called "Goat Head. "It's about a racist incident that her parents experienced. It's also about what it meant to be a biracial kid in Alabama in the 1990s. Growing up, Brittany had a lot of questions.

turn 1 : She was able to rise above her difficult circumstances and become a successful artist despite her hardships.

turn 1 : She wrote very close to what happened in her own life.

turn 1 : She hopes people find a way to read the book that she has written.

turn 1 : This statement implies that the actress was able to achieve a lot in her dedication to her craft and her desire to explore different roles in 53 years life.

turn 1 : how she became herself implies the story of her discovery and success


This is WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. I'm Scott Simon. General Abdel Fattah el-Sisi has had a rapid career rise. He was appointed Egypt's defense minister after the Arab Spring outpouring by Egypt's first freely elected president, the Muslim Brotherhood's Mohamed Morsi. But just a year later, General Sisi helped oust Mr.  Morsi and then he began to run the country. Now, his title is Field Marshal Sisi, the top military post. And just this past week, he took the next step to becoming Egypt's next president. The possible rise of a new military strongman raises questions about if the Arab Spring put Egypt on a path of democracy and civilian rule or more authoritarianism. Samer Shehata joins us. He's a political scientist at University of Oklahoma, and he joins us from the studios of KGOU in Norman, Oklahoma. Samer, thanks very much for being with us.

Pleasure to speak to you.

Why is a field marshal, according to various surveys, so popular in Egypt?

He's popular for a number of reasons. One, there were many people, of course, who were opposed to the Muslim Brotherhood and Mr.  Morsi before he became president. And of course it was a disastrous year in office. And there are many people who, as a result of all of that, are longing for stability and security. And the idea of a military general running the show is reassuring.

turn 1 : Pleasure to speak to you. (This is a polite way of expressing appreciation for the invitation to speak on the show.)

turn 1 : The speaker is expressing his appreciation and gratitude for the guest taking the time to be on the show.

turn 1 : "Thank you." - The literal meaning is a polite response to being welcomed to the show. The implied meaning is that the guest is ready and willing to contribute to the discussion.

turn 1 : The speaker is expressing gratitude for being invited to the studio.

turn 1 :  "Craig, nice to have you on the show." The implied meaning is a standard polite greeting used when welcoming a guest onto a show.


Pleasure to speak to you.

turn 2 :  The implied meaning of this turn is that Sisi is popular only because he is part of the military and he was elected in a possibly unfair election, with many people voting out of fear.

turn 2 : "various surveys" - Literal meaning: different types of research studies. Actual meaning: There have been different opinion polls or data gathering methods used to understand why Field Marshal Sisi is popular in Egypt.

turn 2 : A has recently researched various topics and is knowledgeable about them.

turn 2 : (3): The research requires a lot of different initiatives. = It takes a lot of effort to research this field.


Most Americans agree Congress should do something to try to end gun violence. There is wide support for a range of ideas, including keeping tabs on or limiting who can get a gun and making it easier for police and family members to temporarily take guns away from people who may hurt themselves or others - what's known as red flag laws. There's more division on other proposals. We all - we know all of this because of a new NPR/PBS NewsHour/Marist poll.

NPR senior political editor and correspondent Domenico Montanaro has dug into the numbers. He joins us now. Hey, Domenico.

Hey, Ailsa.

OK. So I want to start where there is some agreement. Let's just start positive for now. What does this poll tell us?

turn 0 : Gun violence is a major public health crisis but there is not enough funding for research to develop solutions

turn 0 : (2) Implied meaning: While individuals should have the right to own firearms, it is not practical to suggest the mass confiscation of all firearms in the country.

turn 0 : There is support for gun control measures in the US.

turn 0 : This statement implies the level of pessimism about the effectiveness of gun control measures given the large number of guns already in circulation in the country, and that most proposals for gun control won't make much of a difference..

turn 0 : The Republicans are trying to avoid discussing their record on gun policy, but feel comfortable discussing it on Fox News.


Hey, Ailsa.

turn 0 : It is unexpected for a country with low crime rate to experience such a violent crime

turn 0 : There is a problem with gun violence in America.

turn 0 : Despite the progress and growth in the South, there are still underlying issues that need to be addressed.

turn 0 : A is concerned about the possibility of violent conflict with no other options.


Hey, Ailsa.

turn 3 : Let's focus on the areas of agreement before discussing divisive issues.

turn 3 : several big issues are being discussed and negotiated at the same time

turn 3 : The person wants to know what can be done to find a common thing the two political parties can agree on.

turn 3 : (3) implies agreement with the previous statement and reinforces the idea that the media environment has structural issues that prevent reasonable conversations.

turn 3 : The speaker is expressing appreciation for the opportunity of being able to discuss the issue.


And now we're going to move from talking with mental health experts to someone who has lived addiction. Jonny W.  lost almost everything to a gambling addiction. Thank you for coming in and being with us.

Thank you for having me here today.

Well, you know, let's start at the beginning. When did you start gambling?

Mr.  W. : Well, I started at the ripe old age of about 12-years-old. And at that particular time, it was just a matter of fun and hanging out with my friends.

turn 3 : A's gambling addiction caused him to isolate himself from friends and family

turn 3 : Gambling was initially a harmless and enjoyable activity

turn 3 : The speaker lost a significant amount of money through gambling.

turn 3 : A's gambling addiction affected his marriage to the point of getting a divorce


Thank you for having me here today.

turn 3 : YOUNGERS DOESN'T KNOW THE IMPACTS OF VIDEO GAMES AND IT AFFECT THEIR MATURITY LEVEL

turn 3 : Gambling was just a fun activity with friends at age 12.

turn 3 : They begin the math with the kids,not actually roll anything.

turn 3 : This statement implies that the best time to hustle is at a younger age

turn 3 :  I'm the youngest of six, which is hard to be sometimes, because you get bossed around by everybody in the house.


So this is all being done because the government's in debt?

Well, that was sort of the impetus for all of this. They have brought in a lot of revenue. And the government, anticipating that some people would say, hey, it can't be worth your time and effort to go after these small, old debts. The process of going after them's going to cost you more than you bring in. So they've done an analysis that actually shows that they are bringing in more money than it costs to go make the collections. So to that end, they say that they're saving the taxpayers money.

When I asked the Social Security folks who came up with this idea to go after these old debts, they said, well, go talk to Treasury. I went to Treasury. They said, well, go talk to Congress. I went to Congress. They said, oh, it had to be somebody back in Treasury or somewhere in the bureaucracy. So no one is willing to step up and take credit for this. And now that this story has appeared, there's kind of a circling the wagons and it's not - no one wants to be associated with this at this point.

Marc Fisher, who's senior editor at The Washington Post. Thanks so much for being with us.

Thanks, Scott.

turn 2 : The literal meaning of (3) is that no one is taking credit for the decision to go after old debts owed to the government. However, the implied meaning is that there is a lack of accountability and transparency within the government, as no one is willing to take responsibility for the decision.

turn 2 : "the government, which previously had not been allowed to go out and collect debts that were more than 10 years old, now can go back as far as they'd like - decades back." Implicated meaning: The government can now pursue and collect debts that are much older than the previous time limit of 10 years.

turn 2 : The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker is asking how people can become trapped in debt due to car title loans and consumer finance loans.

turn 2 : bunch of bad debt implies owing too many debts or inability to pay a lot of debts owed

turn 2 : The literal meaning of the turn is asking about a hypothetical scenario, but the actual meaning is asking about the potential impact of eliminating a deduction for student loans.


One night in the spring of 1982, a 9-year-old Issac Bailey was asleep in a room with a few of his brothers when the 22-year-old brother he adored, Herbie Moochie Bailey, shot and killed an innocent man, a store owner he'd robbed named James Bunch.

It, like - my sense really - actually changed on, like, everything for me.

Issac was already struggling with a speech disorder.

I stuttered - (stuttering) - like that. It worsened greatly. And so I actually think that is one sort of reason why that I actually still stutter now.

turn 1 : Issac's traumatic experience caused a shift in A's perspective on everything

turn 1 : Despite facing several difficult situations, the Imus ordeal made the person feel powerless

turn 1 : Experiencing trauma and distress due to memories of the abuse

turn 1 : It's not an insult to think about what has happened again and to make sense of it and see where things were related to each other.


Hey, how are you?

I am great. So, first of all we keep using the phrase G8. What is the G8?

The Group of Eight, which was for many years the Group of Seven, are the eight largest economies on the planet. So, the United States, Britain, France, Italy, Japan, and Russia are, for example, G8 countries.

So, when people from these nations meet, and talk about an African agenda, what do they bring to the table, and what's on the table this time around?

Well, I'll try not to give you a cynical answer, but basically the Group of Eight meet to discuss the world's economy, for the most part that's what they're supposed to be talking about. But over the last number of years there's been greater attention to the question of Africa, and issues of economic development. And there's been a lot of pressure on the Group of Eight, to come forward with financial assistance, changes in the relationship - economic relationships, in order to promote development. And so, once again that came to the table this time in addition to sort of a review of what the G8 has accomplished and not accomplished towards reducing poverty.

turn 2 : The G8 leaders see themselves as rulers of the planet.

turn 2 : The G8 leaders were careless and demonstrated contempt for the rest of the world.

turn 2 : G8 leaders are contemptuous of the rest of the world and think of themselves as the rulers of the planet.

turn 2 : The G8 is a group of countries discussing the world's economy and development, not just seven or eight countries

turn 2 : world in this context means that there is many


Far be it for me to sort of put words in the first lady's mouth, but I think that what that shows to me anyway, as an observer, is that these dress codes are so ingrained that I would imagine for Melania potentially it just would not occur to her in a public appearance to not be wearing heels.

You know, I think certainly we see the same with the royal family in the U. K. , Kate Middleton coming out of the hospital each time after having her babies wearing these enormous heels. And, you know, womankind across the world, I think, was wincing looking at those photos, thinking, oh, God, that's the last thing you want to be wearing when you've just given birth.

And I do think that we tend to associate high heels with making an effort, with being appropriate and no more so than for these figures who are - have the eyes of the world on them.

Before we let you go, you know I'm going to ask you, what are you wearing now?

turn 2 : There is an idea that women must suffer through the pain of wearing high heeled shoes to be professional.

turn 2 : High heels are associated with making an effort and being appropriate, especially for public figures

turn 2 : She wore her high heels no matter what the pain she endured from them.

turn 2 : Wear those shoes is implying that the person has dealt with that in life


Well, to me, in my personal opinion, all superhero comics are somewhat escapist. The modern stuff is a little more based in reality, a little more about personal narratives. Just the fact that he's into superhero comics as opposed to, you know, Robert Crumb or somebody, that says something. He's not into the subculture.

Yeah, he's not into the really out there stuff.

Right.

Spider Man, though, I mean, he's an outlier, right?

turn 3 : B in the statement made a reference to the Spider-Man theme song, which implies that they find the previous discussion to be overly speculative or not worth taking seriously.

turn 3 : His work is odd and seen as very different from what people normally do and/or expect.

turn 3 : Implies that the speaker found the information about spiders and their webs interesting or impressive, despite the fact that they also thought it was "cool." So, the actual meaning of (4) is slightly different from its literal meaning.

turn 3 : Spider Man is different from other superheroes in some way.

turn 3 : It's a high level concept but it's exaggeration to say that it's fictional.


Well, I was abused by a priest when I was a child. And it caused me a great deal of difficulty with my life afterwards. I had a lot of problems with anxiety and depression.

How old were you when it happened?

I had just turned 13. I was in a children's hospital. And the priest who assaulted me was the Catholic chaplain of the hospital. And he also took indecent photographs, which had a lasting effect on me.

You were one of two sexual abuse survivors on the Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors. Yet you resigned March 1. Can you tell us why?

I did because I accepted the appointment to the commission in the hope that the church was really beginning to show, you know, a sincere wish to change. And after three years, I resigned on some specific issues. But, basically, it was the resistance from some quarters in the Vatican to actually change.

Does it surprise you that someone as high up as Cardinal Pell has been accused?

turn 0 : implies that the speaker was advocating for themselves to be violently punished,

turn 0 : "But it also handles all cases of abuse and the disciplining of perpetrators of abuse, et cetera." - The literal meaning of this turn is that the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith deals with cases of abuse and disciplining of perpetrators of abuse. However, the actual meaning is that the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith deals with cases of sexual abuse within the Catholic Church, which is a highly sensitive and controversial topic.

turn 0 : The committee will investigate churches' mishandling of abuse cases.

turn 0 : "abused by a priest" - This phrase refers to a specific type of abuse, sexual abuse, rather than physical abuse or verbal abuse.

turn 0 :  Implies a personal question about the speaker's past, not just a factual question about whether or not they considered becoming a priest.


How old were you when it happened?

turn 2 : The implied meaning in turn (3) is that the author saw a lack of knowledge among young people in their community about their own cultural history and wanted to address this deficit by creating a book with images and information about that history.

turn 2 :  "indecent photographs" - This phrase refers to sexually explicit photographs, rather than simply inappropriate or offensive photographs.

turn 2 :  This is a polite way of asking what the person thinks of their own portrait.

turn 2 : The turn (3) "those people who are accidentally finding themselves in the situation of taking risky selfies" is an example of figurative language, as the phrase "accidentally finding themselves" implies a lack of agency or responsibility. In reality, individuals make a conscious decision to take risky selfies, and this phrase may be used to downplay their responsibility for their actions.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker is making a subtle suggestion or insinuation that others may pick up on, but without being too direct or forceful.


How old were you when it happened?

turn 4 : The Vatican is beginning to take action to change the church

turn 4 : The actual meaning, however, is that the speaker is expressing agreement with the pope's approach and support for creating an inclusive and accepting environment for gay individuals within the Catholic Church.

turn 4 : "resistance from some quarters in the Vatican" - This phrase implies that there are factions within the Vatican that are opposing change, rather than a physical space within the Vatican.

turn 4 : "he upheld church teachings while signaling a new openness to conversation about change" - figurative language, implying that the Pope is willing to consider new ideas and perspectives, even if they challenge traditional church teachings.


How old were you when it happened?

turn 5 :  "as high up as Cardinal Pell" - This phrase refers to Cardinal Pell's rank and influence within the Catholic Church, rather than his physical height.

turn 5 :  "from the depths to the heights" is an expression used figuratively to describe a significant improvement or progress, rather than literally referring to a physical location or elevation.

turn 5 : soared in this context means to go up, or increase significantly.

turn 5 : The speaker does not agree with the Catholic views of the pope but acknowledges his power.


Things have been added during the years. There is what's called the SkyLine level, which is a public event space built at the 100-foot level. They've also built a building kind of around the base that has the gift shop. Otherwise, it's pretty much intact.

Mm-hmm. And it was built with the science fair in mind as part of a larger ground. Part - it would fit into the larger works of the whole world's fair here.

That's right. It was actually late coming in the fair. They realized in the process, they needed a symbol for the fair, and they didn't have one. They didn't have a means of financing it. They didn't have a location for it. The Space Needle is where it is because the city managed to find a small piece of property that they could sell to a private developer to build the Space Needle. And it happened to be the perfect spot.

You talked about the structure itself having a very feminine shape to it. But anybody who has looked at this thing swears that it looks like a UFO at the top there landing or taking off.

turn 3 : The object is a tower that is very tall and has a sharp point at the end.

turn 3 : Literally, the turn means that the Absolute Towers are unique because they are curvy and organic, and also serve a purpose. However, the implied meaning is that most tall buildings are not designed with both aesthetics and functionality in mind, whereas the Absolute Towers manage to achieve both.

turn 3 : The tower has curves along it's base that resemble the curves of a woman.

turn 3 : He wants to know if the tower is perfect as is or should it be changed.


What seems to be happening is that the numbers stay about the same, but that the types of people who are killed are actually, you know, have avalanche experience, are expert skiers who have taken avalanche training. There was this case of a woman, Olivia Buchanan, who died on Tuesday around Silverton, Colorado. And she had, you know, avalanche level-two training, was actually studying snow science at Montana State University.

So snow safety experts are now focusing more than ever on what are called human factors rather than trying to, you know, teach people how to analyze the snow to say whether the snow stability is good. So these are questions like, you know, are you being lured into a trap by groupthink?Do you want to impress your friends?And more often than not in an avalanche fatality, several of these factors are going to be present.

Are experienced skiers just pushing themselves more?

Some of it is just in the numbers. You know, there are more people than ever heading out into the backcountry. But the other piece of this is that skiing on tract powder in the backcountry is just like the most intoxicating form of skiing. You know, the images that we see in ski magazines, people flying down these high-alpine slopes. I mean, there's just nothing else like it.

turn 3 : (2) is expressing disbelief and exasperation, (3) is expressing amusement, and (4) is expressing exasperation and helplessness.

turn 3 :  (4) is an expression of surprise. The implied meaning is an expression of admiration.

turn 3 : Gambling was initially a harmless and enjoyable activity

turn 3 : In (4), "Intoxicating form of skiing" refers to the feeling of being overwhelmed with joy and excitement while skiing in the backcountry, and not being intoxicated with drugs or alcohol.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using understatement or exaggeration to convey a message, often to emphasize a point or to add humor to a situation.


Well, on Iran, there's been reports in the past week that he is moving to set up a U. S.  interests office in Iran, which is not quite an embassy, but it's sort of a transition to an embassy. He has - the Treasury Department for the past couple of years has begun a very fine-tuned sanctions program focusing on getting international banks to stop doing business with Iran. So, a little bit of sticks and carrots is happening already, and that may create the basis for a more comprehensive approach.

And finally, let's talk about Russia. Relations were frayed between the United States and Russia over the summer during the Georgia contretemps. And I'm wondering, is there anything there that Senator Obama can do, anything happening now to ease his path to restoring diplomatic relations?

Well, you know, much of this seems to be resting on this plan to put missile defenses in the Czech Republic and Poland. President Medvedev of Russia has said, if you do that, we're going to put short-range missiles in Kaliningrad.

It seems to me that Obama is not so enthusiastic about missile defense as Bush was. He has said, yeah, I'm in favor of the program if it can be proved to work. Well, it hasn't been proved to work, so I think he can work out a deal with Russia where we gently back off of missile defense; they back off everything else. I think there are some diplomatic possibilities here that have not been explored by the Bush administration because of their doctrinaire advocacy for missile defense.

turn 2 : We need to give it our best attempt and relations with Russia could use some help to get better.

turn 2 : The Russian goverment doesn't get many chances to do the right thing where people all over the world will see and know about it.

turn 2 : Russia will try to get more people to join the military together.

turn 2 : Russia is opposing US plans to put missile defenses in the Czech Republic and Poland.

turn 2 :  A's actual meaning in this turn is that the United States and Russia, along with Russia's influence on Syria, could potentially make progress on the cease-fire in less than the suggested six-month waiting period.


Well, the first thing we did is we discussed with our veterans who had worked to install the Eternal Flame Memorial, this particular feature to this park, and tried to work out some sort of an agreement. And it was agreed that if we could keep the flame going, we would do that, but that it may require us to shut it down for a short period of time while we re-engineer or figure out what we can do to make this work. Unfortunately, we're in a budget crunch, and every penny counts.

I understand that shortly after you got this bill, the flame went out for a little bit.

It was shut off for about a day and half, two days. It was shut off for a brief period of time. That's correct.

And veterans there in Bullhead City didn't take too kindly to that decision.

turn 3 : The disaster was so severe that it was impossible to save everyone, and the situation was out of control.

turn 3 : The children in the war had to face and endure many difficult and tragic things.

turn 3 : The teams were not upset emotionally but picked to win and lost.

turn 3 : .The situation was potentially dangerous and uncomfortable, with the darkness and cold adding to the tension.

turn 3 : Veterans were upset about the decision to shut down the flame.


Where to begin the week in politics?The Mooch removed, the White House staff shaken - if not stirred - more leaks, a rally and more developments in the Russian investigation. In studio, we have Molly Ball, staff writer who covers politics for The Atlantic. Molly, thanks for being back with us.

I'm glad to be here.

Isn't that what we got in the news business?It's never dull, is it?

It really has not been. And in a way, this White House is really a gift to all of us in the journalistic community. When we might have traditionally been slacking off for the summer, particularly on the political beat - there's usually sort of a summer doldrums - but no, we have the bounty of news that seems to flood every week out of Washington.

turn 0 : The press is biased and not interested in reporting positive news about Iraq.

turn 0 : News coverage can cause people to pay more attention to things that were happening anyway.

turn 0 : White House conducts briefings in an inappropriate way.

turn 0 : Journalists sometimes face danger, and killing them won't stop the truth.

turn 0 : The chaos in the White House is providing a lot of news content for journalists to cover.


I'm glad to be here.

turn 2 : The story is a happy one that is also distracting and the people have been feeling sad so they need the story to make them happy again.

turn 2 : She writes a wide variety of stories and the lessons that she learns as a writer can be seen in her stories.

turn 2 : Molly is glad to be part of the news business, since there is always something interesting to report on.

turn 2 : She wrote very close to what happened in her own life.

turn 2 : The conversation is coming to an end and Elisabeth Rosenthal is being thanked for her valuable insights.


One of the most interesting things that happens with couples, Farai, is that one's a spender and one's a saver, and that causes all kinds of problems. Because one person wants to squirrel away every extra penny, and then you've got the extravagant one. They've got to talk about it and make compromises.

And Michelle Singletary has a new book out which is great, talking about couples and money management, and there are a lot of other tools. But the first tip is just to have an honest conversation about what your money priorities are, how you spend your money, and what's important to you.

Thanks so much, Dr.  Malveaux.

Thank you.

turn 0 : When you hand out money quickly with no regulations people will spend it on things that are not needed.

turn 0 : squirrel implies to hide some money for future use and not referring to an animal or rodents

turn 0 : they are performing experiments on mice, and the mice are all dead

turn 0 : The speaker is saying that money is important, but not as important as the enjoyment of cooking.

turn 0 : Open minded means to be ready to consider all options and ideas. Ducklings is because ducks have large numbers of children and so does he.


Well, it first, you know, it was amphoras of wine coming in from the Etruscan area. The wine press is made out of local limestone. So that indicates that they are, you know, setting up their industry right from the materials that they have at hand. They probably need some help from the Etruscans to lay out the vineyards.

They have to have the grape vine, the domesticated grape vine that was ultimately domesticated in the Near East, that has to be transplanted probably from central Italy over to southern France, and then they have to be - the southern French have to be tutored at first in how to lay out the vineyards and how to make the wine.

How do you get - so they're bringing the roots back, the living vines, with them in a boat?

That's what we think. I mean, we have examples where grape vines are found in moist soil in the hull of the ship, and that would be probably the way it was done.

turn 1 : Plants are immobile, unlike humans who move around.

turn 1 : Turn (2) contains an example of figurative language, where the connection between the publication of Mary Shelley's "Frankenstein" and the discussion about regulating a particular technology is symbolic rather than literal. The bioethicist is using the reference to "Frankenstein" to illustrate the potential dangers of unbridled scientific progress, rather than making a direct comparison between the two events.

turn 1 : "he believes wines can recontextualize people's places in the universe." Here, the speaker is using the metaphorical phrase "recontextualize people's places in the universe" to describe the transformative power of wine to change people's perceptions, experiences, and understanding of the world. The literal meaning of "recontextualize people's places in the universe" would be related to astronomy or physics, and not to the sensory experience of wine.

turn 1 : The grape vine being transplanted doesn't refer literally to one vine, it implies a species of vine.

turn 1 : going to be fruitful implies that it will be successful, the goals achieved and not referring to fruits from the trees


No. We banned those in 2001 after the disastrous 2000 presidential recount. And fortunately for the state is - part of the reform packages passed after 2000 were a number of standards, methods and clear ways in which to perform recounts. And, lucky us, we now probably have three statewide recounts in Florida, as well as three state legislative seats - a record six in the state in one election.

Oh, my word. Well, how close is the governor's race, Marc?

The governor's race - I would like to use one of those old phrases, you know, the old cliche. It's about as tight as a tick in a rug or something. But it's not as tight as the Senate race. The governor's race is about 36,000 ballots almost on-the-nose apart - the margin. The - in the end, the margin is 0. 44 percent. And it takes 0. 5 percent - that is half a percent - to go to recount. So the governor's race in Florida's probably going to recount.

And what about the Senate race?

turn 3 : There are many potential candidates for the Senate seat

turn 3 : Senate race implies the quest to become a senator and not a running competition between senators

turn 3 :  (3).  In this turn, the speaker asks what the senator symbolizes in the current political race. The literal meaning of the words is clear, but the implied meaning is more complex. The speaker is really asking the senator to define their political platform and message, and to explain how they differ from their competitors. The question is meant to elicit a nuanced response that goes beyond simple symbolism.

turn 3 : implies a contrast between the two parties and the different ways that they conduct their caucuses.


So they're looking for Joe to be effective as a rhetorician, as a guy who can sell a line, who can connect with an audience and also connect in a debate. He's an excellent debater.

Just as we told Farai Chideya, she's going to be very busy, you're going to be very busy as well this week. Thank you so much, Ron.

Thank you, Tony.

Ron Elving is NPR's senior Washington editor. He joined me from our special NPR studio in Denver, Colorado.

turn 0 : following refer to or implies being interested in a situation or information

turn 0 : sell a line implies being able to convince people and capture their interest towards something and not meaning to sell lines

turn 0 : This turn expresses willingness to engage in the conversation.

turn 0 : to give an idea means to tell them their opinion, or what is happening

turn 0 : has a literal meaning of "Yes, the numbers aren't looking good for the person," but its actual meaning is "It looks like the person isn't likely to succeed."


Yes. So I had shut what was left of the door, and I go outside. The waves are, like, 7, 8 feet above me, crashing over my head.

How did you survive that?

So a few days before, my sister made me promise to get a life vest. I said, yeah, yeah, yeah, I'll get one. But I didn't. And I was removing a dock ladder just so it wouldn't get damaged in the storm. And I was removing it, and a life vest floated up to me.

A life vest just came to you. That's incredible.

turn 0 : crashing over my head means that the waves were so big they were above the person's head.

turn 0 : turned on their head implies that something unexpected happened

turn 0 : wind up means to suddenly be in a situation.

turn 0 : The pilot could have intentionally crashed the plane.

turn 0 : "and that was the beginning of the fatalities." - The implied meaning here is that the fall resulted in people dying, rather than just being the start of a sequence of events.


And here's her plan. You get your kids into their PJs. You tuck them in with a math equation on top of their bedtime story. And you can find a simple - a sample of her bedtime math puzzles on our website at sciencefriday. com/bedtimemath. Laura Overdeck is here with us. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY.

Hi. Thank you.

This is a cute little book. It's a big book. It's nice. You think you can teach math to kids while they're getting their bedtime story?

Oh, I think absolutely. Where this came from was that my husband and I, we like math, and when our first child was 2, we started rolling in a little math problem with her book at night, just, you know, started with counting the ears and noses on her stuffed animals. It got tougher as she got older. We've rolled in a second child, a third child. And what we found was that, in our house by now, math is like dessert. It's a treat. . .

Is that right?

It's a treat the kids want. They actually ask for their math problem at night.

turn 3 : The movement to get kids to do math is becoming known and done by a large amount of people.

turn 3 : Their notion is to do as much as you can and don't think about the numbers too much.

turn 3 : The kids were smarter than the other kids in their class.

turn 3 : Their kids starting asking them repeatedly for math problems every night.

turn 3 : They begin the math with the kids,not actually roll anything.


Kevin Maguire's associate editor of the Daily Mirror and a long time reporter at Westminster. Thanks so much for being with us.

Pleasure, Scott.

Let's start with the Conservative line up. We hear a couple of names over here - Michael Gove and Theresa May.

Yeah, absolutely, Theresa May, the home secretary, the interior minister, is the favorite now after the shock withdrawal of Boris Johnson, the former mayor of London. He was the clear front-runner, but he pulled out after Michael Gove, the justice secretary who was his campaign manager, actually decided he wanted to run himself. And in the Conservative Party, which, of course, they're not just electing a leader, they're electing the next prime minister of the United Kingdom.

turn 1 :  (2) Pleasure, Scott. (implied meaning: It is a pleasure to be here with you, Scott.)

turn 1 : "It's my pleasure, Scott." - This is a polite response to express that the speaker is happy to help or serve Scott in some way. The literal meaning is simply that the speaker is feeling pleasure.

turn 1 :  A: Thank you, Scott. Actual meaning: A is expressing gratitude to B for the conversation.

turn 1 : (2) A: It's a real pleasure. (implied meaning: I am happy to be here and discuss this important topic)


Pleasure, Scott.

turn 1 : The speaker is expressing his appreciation and gratitude for the guest taking the time to be on the show.

turn 1 : The literal meaning of the turn only provides information about the showrunners, but the actual meaning involves the compromise and the speaker's feelings about it.

turn 1 : implies that A is happy to be on the show;

turn 1 :  The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker is thanking the guest for appearing on the show and expressing appreciation for their insight

turn 1 : it represents the person is very enthusiastic and interested to be engaged in doing it


But David, wasn't that what the banks were supposed to be doing themselves, getting that money that they were given, to - and lending it out to homeowners, to small-business owners?

Yes, exactly. And essentially, they took that money, and a lot of the banks hoarded it. Some actually paid out bonuses to their executives; others paid out dividends to their shareholders. It really angered a lot of lawmakers. There was actually a report out by a congressional oversight committee that criticized the current Treasury for not tracking the money and not forcing banks to lend out this money or for helping homeowners. Geithner is basically responding to those criticisms and doing those very things.

So, what's his plan to make sure that the oversight is improved by the Treasury Department?

Well, one idea he's considering is to create a separate bureau within Treasury. It would be easier to track the performance of the rescue program if it was separated out from the rest of the Treasury. That's the belief. But in addition to that, they are really thinking about creating whole - entire new programs that would force banks to reveal what they are doing with rescue money as well as support some of the markets that finance credit cards, auto loans, you know, municipal bonds. These are new programs that haven't yet existed.

turn 2 : The Treasury is struggling to minimize conflicts of interests in their program.

turn 2 :  Making the declaration can have serious implications, and the panel will consider it.

turn 2 : Plan to make sure that the oversight is improved by the treasury Department

turn 2 : The world is desperate for the Treasury Department's moves to succeed in stabilizing the economy.


It has truly been a season of hurricanes. The one called Ike slammed into the Gulf Coast over the weekend. Thousands of people boarded up their homes and fled inland. Late last week, authorities began warning residents in the low-lying areas that to try to stick it out would bring certain death.

We've got Daniel Perry to give us his take on Ike. He's a regular contributor to our Bloggers' Roundtable. His blog is ThereAlready. blogspot. com. He's also a resident of Houston, Texas, which was in the path of the hurricane. But he and his family decided to stay at their home and brace themselves for Ike's impact. Daniel, thanks for coming on.

Thank you, Farai.

So how - first of all, how are you doing?

turn 0 : Staying in low-lying areas during hurricane will cause certain death

turn 0 : The hurricane caused severe destruction and devastation in the area.

turn 0 : There is a dangerous situation happening that requires people to seek shelter and take precautions.

turn 0 : People in some communities refuse to evacuate despite being warned of floods and tornadoes.

turn 0 : Hurricane Dorian caused extensive damage and loss of life.


They have indeed. They've been subject to very serious, tough sanctions in the past not just from the United States but from the entire international community. That's involved restrictions on their energy sector, their banking sector and an array of other economic sectors.

How have they gotten around them?

Well, in some instances, they haven't been able to. So during the period of most intensive, multilateral sanctions on Iran - this is 2012 to 2015 - they had great difficulty evading sanctions. It happened here and there, certainly when it came to sales of oil, certain cargoes or bartering - financial bartering - some smuggling activities. But the fear now is that, in an instance where there's unilateral sanctions on Iran, it may have ample opportunity to cheat and evade these sanctions.

Unilateral meaning, of course, just the United States. So it'll be tougher for the sanctions to have any effect if, for example, China or Russia and, let's say, Germany don't go along.

Right, exactly. So right now the European Union, in general, and the E3, in particular, have - that being the United Kingdom, France and Germany - have expressed an interest in maintaining their commitment to the deal. And that means continuing to give Iran economic relief promised to it under the deal. That means potentially violating U. S.  sanctions or creating ways for European companies to not abide by U. S.  sanctions.

And how does the U. S.  respond, at least under this administration?

turn 1 : Unilateral sanctions might force Tehran to reconsider their decision to stay in the agreement

turn 1 : The implied meaning is that the Obama administration's efforts of threatening military force and imposing economic sanctions have been successful in making Iran take the US seriously.

turn 1 : This implies that Iran has found ways to evade or circumvent the sanctions, despite their severity.

turn 1 : Iran would be willing to negotiate if some of the sanctions were removed.

turn 1 : If the Trump administration offers to remove some of the sanctions on Iran, Iran would be willing to negotiate.


How have they gotten around them?

turn 2 : Implies that the sanctions put in place by the UN Security Council and the US government are more of the same and not necessarily new or different in any meaningful way.

turn 2 : This statement implies that A believes that the sanctions would have been better it were multilateral sanctions and not unilateral.

turn 2 : (2) Implies that the speaker is questioning whether or not the sanctions are just symbolic gestures with no real, tangible impact.

turn 2 : The sanctions may not be as effective as the president suggests.

turn 2 :  Implies that the new sanctions are going to make life very difficult for the individuals named, and that there may be more sanctions in the future.


How have they gotten around them?

turn 4 : Europe is facing a difficult choice between adhering to its own principles and risking significant consequences or aligning with the US on the matter of the Iran deal.

turn 4 : European countries may violate US sanctions or find ways for their companies to not abide by them to maintain their commitment to the Iran deal.

turn 4 : The sanctions may not be as effective as the president suggests.

turn 4 : The situation with the US and Iran is concerning for Europeans


I am.

How has that affected your feelings about gun registration and gun control?

And that leads you to conclude what about guns?

turn 2 : Surviving a gunshot inspired me to help others

turn 2 : The shooting was a terrible tragedy and has left a lot of hurt and healing needed in the community.

turn 2 : (3) A: Well, you know, I mean, I'm also a former paramedic, so I have treated lots and lots of gunshot victims and I have investigated lots and lots of gunshot victims, including homicides, obviously. So, it has a profound effect. I mean, I understand what we're really talking about in the literal sense. I've been shot at. I get the trauma of all that. This isn't an academic exercise for me.

turn 2 : Implies that the judge believes that the shooting was done out of self-defense, even though others may say differently.

turn 2 : A describes his fear and relief during a shooting incident


You know what, they provide me with so much more than just shoes and things. They have an entire family atmosphere at the Jordon brand. I'm the first woman of the Jordan brand. And they've been very helpful and instrumental and supportive in things that I've been able to do in terms of going out and giving away shoes, donating shoes and donating equipment to other people. And I donated some to a team down North Carolina, a basketball team down north Carolina. And I'm actually in the process of starting an essay contest for people with physical disabilities. And the winners, we're going to give out a hundred pair of Jordan sneakers. So we've done a lot of things in the community in terms of speaking engagements, in terms of both promoting my community efforts and for them to be able to outreach into another aspect of the community in the disabled community.

You're in the 100, 200, 400 meters. Those are short races. What are your competitors like?And do you guys have any camaraderie?You're competitors for a while, but do you guys talk?Do you guys compare stories?

It's funny, because I hold the world record in the 100, 200 and 400 meters. And so I think a lot of times people hope that I don't show up.

So that can be very interesting. But I mean I try - I look at it like one of these days will come and I'll have to hang my spikes up. So I try to as much as possible impart as much wisdom as I can to, you know, to my fellow competitors.

turn 2 : The literal meaning of turn (2) is a question asking what the speaker can add to the race that other candidates do not already have. However, the actual meaning is that the speaker is being challenged to prove their value and justify their entry into the race. The literal meaning of the turn does not reflect the underlying challenge and skepticism expressed by the speaker.

turn 2 : The literal meaning of turn (4) is that the speaker could have reached the summit of K2 but chose not to risk losing their fingers or a tip of a finger. However, the implied meaning is that the speaker prioritizes their physical well-being over the achievement of reaching the summit of K2. This suggests that the speaker is sensible and cautious when it comes to decision-making, even in high-risk situations.

turn 2 : "people hope that I don't show up" - The literal meaning of this turn is that people do not want the speaker to arrive at a specific location. However, in this context, it refers to competitors hoping that the speaker (who holds the world record in the 100, 200, and 400 meters) does not compete in races, as it reduces their chances of winning.

turn 2 :  The actual meaning of this turn is that professional athletes should take advantage of the opportunities they have and make the most of them, because they may not get the same opportunity again.


And they don't take into account what other areas of knowledge are developing. I think perhaps a solution that could be sought, one of many, is that the humanities consider colonizing the sciences. And what do I mean by that?I mean that humanity lives in a minute intersection of sensibilities, that is sense, the powers of sense; of cognitive patterns, the way we think.

We're very, very specialized, and we live in only a small segment of the whole universe of possibilities. I'm not talking about expanding into science fiction. I'm just talking about gaining a perspective that could somehow be - or validated by what we're learning from science at an exponentially increasing rate and making some better use of it in the creative and interpretive processes of the humanities.

That's a long speech, but you asked a difficult question.

Well, I'm actually - you brought up something in my mind. I'm thinking you brought up what C. P. Snow's "Two Cultures" argument was, you know, that they don't talk to each other, you know?

turn 0 : None , I do not believe there is any here

turn 0 : None . There's nothing in this that implies anything.


Well, if it's $135 million cut this year, I can envision an entire university being closed.

Meaning having to shut an entire campus.

We have three universities in our system and 13 community colleges all across the state. And so 135 million would be one of our universities and all of our community campuses.

What else in the immediate term are you considering doing or are you already doing to comply with this budget cut?

turn 1 :  implies surprise that the potential for machines to reach human intelligence is a reality that children might have to consider.

turn 1 : It implies that no matter the impact of the program the society will still change those impacts.

turn 1 : A is implying that the topic is something that is futuristic, or ahead of its time.

turn 1 : system refers to the reality and not a computer or a program

turn 1 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer


turn 1 : Closing an entire campus is one possible consequence.

turn 1 : This implies the level of Racial discrimination on Campuses.

turn 1 : The implication of this turn is that the scandal has a far-reaching effect on the university and its stakeholders, beyond just the legal repercussions.

turn 1 : The underlying implications are that elite colleges are more concerned about their own bottom line and reputation than actually providing access to higher education for all.


But what nobody really knows is what happened beforehand. How did we get there?What did it take, you know, to stand up against two major institutions, to stand up against law enforcement agencies, multiple law enforcement agencies that had botched prior investigations and silenced victims?And that was what I really wanted to tell.

And it was hard to see at times because it was perpetrated by a physician. In the book, you write about how you first realized that abuse was taking place. It took you a while to understand what was happening to you because it was under the guise of medical care.

You write, quote, while I knew something had happened to me that was wrong, "I didn't know yet that the penetration and everything I'd written off as pelvic floor therapy were anything but legitimate. I was, however, certain that no one would care about a teenage girl getting groped. Anyone could look around and know that. The sexual harassment and objectification of women were constantly downplayed. "

Rachael, it sounds like there were a couple of difficult things happening here - first, acknowledging the abuse to yourself and then thinking that you wouldn't be believed even if you told someone.

turn 2 : It is being implied that her sister was not treated according to law.

turn 2 : "tremendous miscarriage of justice" implies that something really wrong happened, not that a physical miscarriage happened.

turn 2 : she was raped and doctor given given the false statement about it

turn 2 : She wrote very close to what happened in her own life.

turn 2 : This statement implies that the New Yorker's testimony about Kavanaugh sexual assault was countered by the 65 women signatories to Kavanaugh good character in High school.


Well, and if you believe the federal government or other arms of the federal government, children are not supposed to be held accountable for their parents' debts. But the Social Security Administration and the Treasury have found a way around that thanks to a one-line change they made in the 2008 Farm Bill.

And that line is?I suspect it has nothing to do with wheat or barley, yeah?

Nothing at all. Basically, what it said is the government, which previously had not been allowed to go out and collect debts that were more than 10 years old, now can go back as far as they'd like - decades back. And in the last couple of years, they've been aggressively doing that to the tune of many hundreds of millions of dollars.

And you've talked to several people who've been hit by this, right?

turn 2 : The literal meaning of (3) is that no one is taking credit for the decision to go after old debts owed to the government. However, the implied meaning is that there is a lack of accountability and transparency within the government, as no one is willing to take responsibility for the decision.

turn 2 : bunch of bad debt implies owing too many debts or inability to pay a lot of debts owed

turn 2 : "the government, which previously had not been allowed to go out and collect debts that were more than 10 years old, now can go back as far as they'd like - decades back." Implicated meaning: The government can now pursue and collect debts that are much older than the previous time limit of 10 years.

turn 2 : And what makes this important, so many years after the terrible events we're talking about - after the crimes we're talking about?  The implied meaning of B's statement is that they are questioning the significance or relevance of the discussed matter after so many years have passed since the terrible events and crimes mentioned. They seek to understand the current importance or urgency of addressing the issue.

turn 2 : (3) Implied Meaning: You have been employed with the company for 18 years, which is a long time.


Her father liked the electronic things, which were behind locked cabinets. But she grabbed a slick stereo magazine and managed to slip into one of her boots. It would be a way to warm him for taking the bus by herself. By now she was thirsty and rounded a corner to open a fridge and grab an iced tea in a bottle that felt so good in her hands. It was One Universe Green Tea, which the label said was good for the immune system and for Octavia's skin. No one had stopped her. No one had spoken to her. It was smooth sailing. All for one and one for all.

So is there a straight line from that to piracy or just adolescence?

(Laughter). You think shoplifting is the gateway drug that eventually leads people to board other people's ships?It could be. I think the fantasy of wanting things and wanting to evade the law is certainly something that shoplifters and pirates, in this case, have in common.

I have to ask this, Mr.  Handler. This is the first chance we've had to speak with you since you emceed the National Book Awards in November and made a watermelon joke. Did I say state that incorrectly?I didn't want to tell the whole joke, but if you want to. . .

turn 3 : "made a watermelon joke" - This turn is a figurative expression that means he told a joke that was racially insensitive or inappropriate, rather than a literal joke about watermelons.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using humor or sarcasm to make a point or convey a message in a lighthearted way.

turn 3 : The literal meaning of (3) and (4) is that A and B are laughing, but their actual meaning is that A and B are joking with each other.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using understatement or exaggeration to convey a message, often to emphasize a point or to add humor to a situation.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using a euphemism or understatement to convey a more significant or sensitive message.


Hi.

So tell us about these families. Who are they?

So we're talking about four adults. We have three Sri Lankans. Supun, Nadeeka are a couple. Ajith is a single male. And we also have a Filipina. Her name is Vanessa. And they have three children whose names I won't say out loud.

OK.  And how did they come to help Edward Snowden?

At the time that Mr.  Snowden was in Hong Kong, they were already asylum seekers established in Hong Kong. And he ended up staying with different people during, I believe, a two-week period before he left the territory.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be suggesting that there are some hidden or unknown factors that could influence the situation being discussed.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is hinting at a deeper or hidden motive or intention behind their actions or words.

turn 3 : implies that the speaker wants to know about the role that the families played in helping Edward Snowden, not just how he ended up staying with them

turn 3 : Actual meaning: B is bringing the conversation to an end because of time constraints, but expressing interest in having A return in the future. Literal meaning: B is stating that A will be invited back and that Michael Graham is the podcast editor for The Weekly Standard.

turn 3 : Turn (3) describes the discovery of clues that led to the unraveling of the scandal, which is consistent with its literal meaning.


If you ask the Tunisians in the streets what are their struggles daily, they will tell you economic problems. Tunisia is really facing tremendous challenges. We saw a decline of GDP per capita for Tunisians, which is unprecedented. Tunisians struggle in daily life. And then the currency is devaluating a lot. And so we are still really looking forward toward these elections if they could bring relief, economically speaking.

There are 26 candidates, more than even have run on the Democratic primary for president in the United States.

As surprising as it is. And I will tell you that in the beginning, there were actually about 90. But then only 26 made the legal requirements.

Are there any two or three who seem to be more prominent than the others right now?

turn 0 : People fleeing from Tunisia implies a failure rather than success.

turn 0 : People want to work hard for things.

turn 0 : The Tunisians are the average people that go to work each day.

turn 0 : A lot of people are out of work and jobs are getting harder to find.

turn 0 : They are on a list of people that are treated badly by the country.


And the bottom line is - I think it's a bold step because, you know, he's still is subject to the Presidential Records Information Act. So, you know, anything he does on that could in fact be subpoenaed. So - but he's used to using it. I think it's going to make him continue to have that comfort zone. I think he's probably going to be very cautious as to what messages he decides to use that for. But if people want to subpoena that he's got to go and have somebody pick up the milk maybe. . .

You know, I don't know.

The president's got a Black Ops BlackBerry. That's going to be really. . .

Yeah, but they did remove….

turn 0 : The bottom line means the most important fact of the situation.

turn 0 : The situation is uncertain and they need to take it one step at a time

turn 0 : you imply that something is the case

turn 0 : The implied meaning of the first turn is that people have become apathetic to the problems facing the city and are not taking action.

turn 0 : It is better to be transparent about the negative aspects.


The founder and the all-female staff of the Vatican women's magazine have resigned abruptly citing a climate of distrust. Their publication has gotten attention for their recent work to expose the sexual abuse of nuns by priests. Those stories led to the rise of the hashtag #NunsToo. In a letter of resignation to the pope, the editorial board wrote that they believe there is a Vatican campaign to discredit them and put them under the control of men. And we have NPR's Sylvia Poggioli on the line from Rome.

Hi, Sylvia.

Hi, David.

They are accusing the Vatican of some very serious things there, it sounds like. Tell me more about what prompted this.

turn 3 : The literal meaning of turn (4) is that CNN was unable to verify some of the claims that Dr. Ben Carson has made about his past, including an incident where he stabbed a friend and his application and acceptance to West Point. However, the implied meaning is that Dr. Carson may have exaggerated or embellished these stories in order to make his personal redemption story more compelling. The turn (4) uses the phrase "the implication is" to indicate that this is not a direct accusation, but rather a suggestion or insinuation.

turn 3 : The literal meaning of (4) is simply a request for more information about what prompted the resignations. However, the implicated meaning could be interpreted as skepticism or doubt about the seriousness of the accusations made by the editorial board. This is because the phrasing "it sounds like" suggests a lack of full belief or acceptance of the accusations.

turn 3 : (4) Indicates that the speaker would use passive-aggressive tactics to undermine Donald Trump's confidence.

turn 3 : In turn (4), the statement suggests that despite the appearance of a positive sign, the comments from the British Foreign Secretary indicate that the situation is more challenging and difficult to resolve than it may seem. The literal meaning of the words may convey a positive outlook, but the implied meaning highlights the potential obstacles and complexities involved.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is hinting at a deeper or hidden motive or intention behind their actions or words.


And why do you think Mr.  Mueller should be fired?

Well, I think there have been a number of instances when bias has been demonstrated within the Mueller probe; also, the manner in which the team has been put together, the relationship between Mr.  Mueller and Mr.  Comey; and then finally, some of the details of the intelligence memo that we hope is made public this week would seem to indicate that no prosecution could ever be brought from the Mueller probe. And thus, its utility has been outlived.

Could you cite a single example of bias?

Sure. Andrew Weissman, the No. 2 member of the Mueller probe, attended the Hillary Clinton election night party. You would think with all the talented prosecutors to be asked throughout the federal system, we could likely assemble a team without having to pick the people who were engaged in the 2016 election to the extent that they would be at one of the candidates' election night parties.

turn 3 : Mueller should be respected and trusted, even though he has been wrongfully attacked and criticized.

turn 3 : The person thinks there is contitutional responsibility to investigate areas that the president has said not to. The Mueller team did not as the president told them to investigate only so much and then to stop.

turn 3 : The selection of Mueller's team members may not have been impartial

turn 3 : B is asking for an update on the Mueller investigation.