Yes. I mean, this piece - I mean not only me played I think every piano student started with this piece. But actually, this piece is not just a ringtone, you know?This piece is a real beautiful, masterful piece.

Now, just listen to two different ways that Lang Lang showed us you can play that familiar melody. The first time, he's going to hit all the right notes. But the second time, his fingers will tell a story.

Because you can just put your hands, you know (playing piano).

It's quite easy, you know?But it's very hard to make (playing piano).

turn 1 : B's statement "his fingers will tell a story" is a metaphorical expression that means Lang Lang will add his personal interpretation to the melody, giving it a unique and expressive character. It's not meant to be taken literally that Lang Lang's fingers will actually tell a story. The other turns appear to be conveying their literal meanings. Turn 1 expresses the speaker's belief that the piece they are discussing is not only well-known but also a beautiful and masterful composition. Turn 3 is a straightforward statement that playing the piano involves using your hands. Turn 4 means that while the mechanics of playing piano may be relatively easy to learn, it's difficult to master the instrument and create beautiful music.

turn 1 : "Yet his latest album, 'Piano Book,' features much simpler classics, tunes many adults recall trying to play in piano lessons and that Lang Lang played growing up in China." - The literal meaning of this turn is that Lang Lang's latest album features simpler classical music that many adults tried to play in piano lessons and that Lang Lang played when he was growing up. The actual meaning is that Lang Lang is showcasing his roots and paying tribute to the music that inspired him as a child, rather than just playing difficult pieces to show off his technical skills.

turn 1 : The literal meaning of (3) is a simple expression of agreement, while the implied meaning is that the speaker is amazed by the story of Steve Dalkowski's feats.

turn 1 : The turn (3) by speaker B is an example of a statement whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning.  In this turn, speaker B uses a metaphor of a bucket of rice to explain the concept of DNA analysis and how it can be used to identify the origin of a sample. The actual meaning of the turn is that DNA analysis can reveal subtle differences in the genetic makeup of individuals, which can be used to identify their origin or other characteristics. However, the literal meaning of the turn is about a bucket of rice and the difficulty of identifying a few brown grains of rice in a sea of white grains.


turn 3 : The literal meaning of (3) is a simple expression of agreement, while the implied meaning is that the speaker is amazed by the story of Steve Dalkowski's feats.

turn 3 : A's statement: "It's quite easy, you know? But it's very hard to make (playing piano)." Here, A is not saying that playing the piece is easy, but rather that the notes and mechanics of playing the piece are technically simple. However, bringing out the beauty and artistry of the piece through proper interpretation is challenging.

turn 3 : The speaker is hinting that the situation is difficult or complex.

turn 3 : In turn 3, "It has to be a play with which people are generally familiar, too" implies that the play must be well-known in order to be easily understood and appreciated by the audience.


And it also allows the Republicans now to use this process called reconciliation, which means they can pass the tax cut out of the Senate with 50 votes. So now - as you said, now they have to construct the bill. They have a bill that - right now all the elements that you talked about, including the repeal of the death tax, other elements - that's about a $4 or $5 trillion tax cut. And yet they're allocated $1. 5 trillion. So they've got to figure out how they're going to smush $4 trillion dollars in tax cuts. . .

Yeah.

. . . In a $1. 5 trillion box. So we'll see how that happens.

Well, if this were to fall through, how devastating do you feel that would be for your party?

turn 0 : It is unlikely that the Congress and the president will be able to create a debt reduction bill that benefits the country and its people, and this will put a big pressure on the budget due to the tax problem

turn 0 : We already knew about the uncertainty regarding tax and spending policies in 2013

turn 0 : The $4 trillion tax cuts will be difficult to fit into the $5 trillion budget.

turn 0 : The policies would make drastic changes for the better to the economy.

turn 0 : The recession will not have a quick recovery


Oh, absolutely. I mean, you've been very lucky as a Cubs fan. You've always had Wrigley Field, which is an intimate stadium. And that's what these new stadiums are trying to recreate. Even Yankee Stadium, if you go on their website today, Scott, they actually tout the fact that home plate is 27 feet closer than in the old Yankee Stadium.

So they bring in the home plate. They bring in the sidelines. Everybody's much closer to the action, but they're also closer to the danger. And they haven't had a corresponding increase in the safety precautions up the lines.

Does the netting remove what can be a very exciting play in foul territory - the catcher, the third baseman, the first baseman, reaching over and snagging a pop foul?

You know, maybe there's some of that. I think there's some fear that players won't be able to make quite the plays that they were in the past. You know, we've lived with netting behind home plate. And those are the best seats in the house. And they're always filled. You don't hear catchers complaining too much about the netting behind them. The seats up the line are just as dangerous.

turn 1 : The speaker is suggesting that the situation might not be as serious or dangerous as it initially seemed.

turn 1 : A suggests that unpredictability may make the situation safer because there are no grand intentions.

turn 1 : The speaker is expressing sarcasm or disbelief about the effectiveness of preventing lethal incidents despite investigative journalism in the Laquan McDonald case.

turn 1 : The speaker is implying that the increase in closeness to the action is not matched by an increase in safety, so people may be put in danger.


turn 3 : (4) Implied meaning: The new stadiums are trying to recreate a similar atmosphere as the old Wrigley Field which was an intimate stadium.

turn 3 : The speaker is suggesting that even though there is netting behind home plate, players are still able to make exciting plays, and the netting does not impede them.

turn 3 : (4): This turn actually means: "Will people now start to support the Columbus Blue Jackets?"

turn 3 : A good catcher is essential for the success of the team.

turn 3 : What happens in the clubhouse is supposed to be kept secret


Well, ever heard of the Three Cs?Civilian Conservation Corps, that was started by Franklin Delano Roosevelt, at that time the president of the United States. And he started that program to get young boys like me off the street and try to put them in places where they could learn a trade. And I joined that, and that's when I started to learn about gasoline engine, diesel engines and heavy equipment.

That probably served you pretty well when you went into the military. How did you get into the military and what did you do once you went in?

After I left the CCC camp, I went to the Norfolk Navy Yard in Portsmouth, Virginia. That's where I learned to run engine lathe and I made part for ships. And I wanted to volunteer for the Army, but I was drafted. And drafted and was sent to Camp Ellis, Illinois where I take my basic training and went to - overseas in a quartermaster service company in Germany, first France.

turn 0 : "What changed your mind because you did start college for a while?" - The speaker is not asking about a physical change in the person's mind, but rather about the reasons or factors that led them to change their decision about attending college.

turn 0 : The turn "your life changed" in (1) is an idiomatic expression that means a significant event or series of events that dramatically altered the course of one's life. Its actual meaning is different from its literal meaning, which would be that the person's life physically changed.

turn 0 :  The speaker is expressing regret about the death of a fellow student.

turn 0 :  "Do you ever talk to the students that you went to college with recently...about what you have lived and what you have gone through?" - The actual meaning could be, "Do you share your personal experiences with younger students to educate them about historical events and give them a firsthand perspective?" It may not necessarily mean just having casual conversations with former classmates.

turn 0 :  The speaker wants to know about the experience of graduating from school and what it felt like for the person they are talking to.


turn 1 : The speaker is implying that kids are getting involved in stealing cars at a very young age.

turn 1 : The singer is not actually asking someone to show them the way home but rather expressing their loneliness and desperation due to feeling lost and without direction.

turn 1 :  "And he started that program to get young boys like me off the street and try to put them in places where they could learn a trade." - The phrase "off the street" does not refer to a literal street, but rather means to get young people away from a life of idleness and potential trouble.

turn 1 : "taking a car city, a city that was designed for cars, and turning it into a walkable city" This turn has a metaphorical meaning. It does not refer to physically turning a city but rather transforming the urban infrastructure and policies to make it more pedestrian-friendly.

turn 1 : the turns whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings. By saying "you're not one of these people that thinks I'm young and strong and nothing will happen"


turn 3 :  "And drafted and was sent to Camp Ellis, Illinois where I take my basic training and went to - overseas in a quartermaster service company in Germany, first France." - The phrase "take my basic training" is a figurative expression meaning to undergo or complete the required military training, rather than actually taking or carrying something.

turn 3 : the literal meaning is that the Army is making ongoing efforts to improve its suicide prevention programs. However, the actual meaning is that the Army is acknowledging the problem of suicide in the military and attempting to address it, but it may not have been successful in preventing all cases of suicide.

turn 3 : "make a military career" - this means pursuing a long-term career in the military, not literally constructing a military career.

turn 3 : (3) has an implied meaning different from its literal meaning. The speaker is describing a military base that was not strategically important but was taken over by Russian forces because it was symbolic. The base was given an ultimatum to evacuate, but the soldiers and pilots chose to stay and fight. The speaker describes the situation as "very expected," which implies that similar events have occurred before.

turn 3 : Military interventions often escalate beyond their original scope.


Yeah.

So trains stopped running. Water supplies were disrupted. Gas stations couldn't pump gas, so there were long lines at those stations that could. Phones and the Internet were disrupted. It happened on a day in Argentina - in parts of Argentina, where there were gubernatorial elections. These actually still went ahead, but people had to use their cellphones. . .

Wow.

. . . To give themselves enough light to vote by. And it also happened on Father's Day, when people were hoping to go out for Sunday lunch but had to cancel because, you know, restaurants and businesses were shut. It took all day to get the lights completely back on; they are now back on. But people have a lot of questions about what precisely happened and what's going on in the region.

turn 1 : The disaster was so severe that it was impossible to save everyone, and the situation was out of control.

turn 1 : The power outage caused chaos and inconvenience to people's lives.

turn 1 : A is stating the obvious about the power being out

turn 1 : Parts of South America experienced a major power outage.


Syria continues to suffer. Russia now mounts military strikes against the Islamic State that also help shore up the regime of Bashar al-Assad, whom they support and whom the U. S.  says must leave. President Obama says there's no meeting of the minds. Niall Ferguson, the historian, has been critical of what he considers the president's lack of policy. Professor Ferguson joins us from the studios at Harvard. Thanks so much for being with us.

My pleasure.

You write the great flaw you see in President Obama's Syria strategy has been, I'll quote, "his insistence that the only alternative to doing next to nothing was all out invasion. "What alternatives do you think he's missing?

Initially, it was a relatively straightforward proposition that the United States should give military assistance to the opposition, to Assad, the free Syrian army. And that was something the president resisted. And the last throw of the president's dice came this year when he was offered by the Russian president, Vladimir Putin, the option to cooperate against Islamic State. And the president essentially said no to that. I think it's fair to say that the president has divert (ph) - I put it this way - that he was playing solitaire while everybody else was playing chess. And unfortunately it's now much, much more difficult to intervene effectively than it was at the outset of the Syrian Civil War.

turn 3 : Niall Ferguson believes that President Obama has missed out on many opportunities to address the situation in Syria, such as providing military assistance to the opposition or cooperating with Russia.

turn 3 : There is a lack of progress in the political process for the Syrian crisis.

turn 3 : The strategy to solve the Syrian crisis is similar to Obama's

turn 3 :  (4) implies that the US is trying to reach a political solution to the conflict in Syria, but without a strategy to deal with Assad and the refugee crisis.


Do the crime, do the time, that's the old line, right?But convicted perpetrators are still afforded basic human rights while serving out their debt to society. The Southern Center for Human Rights recently filed suit on behalf of a group of prisoners in Decatur, Alabama. The presiding judge describes the county jail as, quote, "A Slave Ship. "There, the sheriff is accused of starving his prisoners so he could pocket the profits off a lean kitchen budget. Joining us is Lisa Kung, the executive director of the Southern Center for Human Rights. Hi, Lisa.

Hi, how are you?

I'm good. So this case has just stunned people across the world. I couldn't believe it myself when I read about it. But I understand that there is a Depression-era law on the books that made this kind of profiteering legal. Tell us about the law and the details of the case.

Sure. That's right. Alabama has this arrangement where the state pays $1. 75 a day to the sheriffs - directly to the sheriffs for every person they have in his or her jail. Now, you and I know it's hard enough to come up with three meals a day for $1. 75, and what makes Alabama special is that it allows these sheriffs to take any of the money that they don't spend on food and put it straight into their own pocket.

turn 0 : Prisoners are not treated with basic human rights in jail despite being convicted

turn 0 : Victims did not have any legal rights until recently.

turn 0 : Not every parolee who violates a rule is sent back to prison immediately

turn 0 : Stripping someone of their rights does not protect them.

turn 0 : Not every parolee who violates an administrative rule will be sent back to prison


Hi, how are you?

turn 2 : The prison industry has become too expensive for some states to handle and rehabilitation is a possible solution

turn 2 : The profiteering of sheriffs from prisoners' budget is a legal but shocking reality in Alabama

turn 2 : The states are considering new strategies to reduce prison population and save money for other budget priorities.

turn 2 : The cost of running prisons is diverting resources from other important areas such as healthcare and education.


Hi, how are you?

turn 2 : The law allowed sheriffs to profit from starving prisoners

turn 2 : The U.S. government has a policy of not paying ransom for hostages or making concessions for political prisoners.


Hi, how are you?

turn 3 : Basically, when we haven't got enough money, we have to decide who's not going to get food."  The actual meaning implied in this turn is: "Essentially, when we lack sufficient funds, we need to determine which individuals will not receive food."

turn 3 : The person found a lot of people not shopping and instead watching how much they spend on things in order to save money.

turn 3 : People may be selling their belongings to cope with the financial crisis.

turn 3 : (3) Implied meaning: Do states have to make a difficult decision on how to use the limited funds?

turn 3 : It is difficult to provide three meals a day with $1.75, and sheriffs can keep the leftover money for personal use


A friend offered this thesis, and I wanted to test it on you. One never before factor in the financial meltdown, is the information revolution. We all know so much, so quickly online, that the surge of bad news begets more bad news, because we don't ever have time to digest it. What do you think of that?

I'm sure that's true. I'm sure that a lot of people who spent a lot of time online as I sometimes do, feels sort of inundated with bad news, and often see that they just want to step away from the computer monitor, lest it sort of reach out and bite them. I think it's probably also, though, possible to overstate the difference between this and earlier times.

Well, how is that?

If you think about the Great Depression, let's say for example like - as everyone is nowadays, during the Great Depression, you also had instantaneous forms of communication. You had the telephone and most notably, you have the telegraph, and I think most people have probably seen pictures or motion pictures with ticker tapes and giving sort of instantaneous stock reports.

turn 0 : The constant stream of bad news online contributed to the financial crisis.

turn 0 : News coverage can cause people to pay more attention to things that were happening anyway.

turn 0 : The chaos in the White House is providing a lot of news content for journalists to cover.

turn 0 : Central bankers' actions have positively affected the market.

turn 0 : "Media looks very bad on this." - The literal meaning is that the media appears to be performing poorly in reporting the news related to the Steven Hatfill case.


Yes, that's right. The president showed up a little late this morning and left the summit before it was over. And before leaving, he made a statement to reporters that sounded a lot like one of his rallies in America's heartland. He said America is the piggy bank that everybody is robbing and vowed that that was going to end.

And if that message were not enough to rile the other leaders, he also said that he thought the G-7 ought to re-admit Vladimir Putin's Russia, saying he thought it would be, quote, "a real asset. "

Well, Ron, remind us why Russia was kicked out, or, I guess, technically suspended, anyway. It wasn't just for soiling the carpet.

Russia was suspended in 2014 over its annexation of Crimea, which was one of a series of Russian aggressions against its neighbor Ukraine. That was a clear violation of international law. So the other seven countries gave Russia the boot and imposed a number of other sanctions. Then, early last year, Russia said it wasn't even interested in being in the G-8 anymore anyway.

turn 1 : The president was satisfied with how he was perceived.

turn 1 : The president is trying to divert attention away from negative news about him and his administration

turn 1 : The president's statements caused tension among other leaders

turn 1 : The president's reaction is self-destructive, but predictable due to his past involvement in media spats.

turn 1 : The president's disruptive foreign policy is popular among his base but concerning to others.


Two and four.

What happens when school comes along?

That is the million dollar question in so many cities. My wife is extremely active in the local schools and extremely supportive of our extremely local schools right next to our house, which are, as we speak, being shut down and consolidated and struggling. But that is why a lot of people are leaving the city because they see a better school system, even as D. C. 's improves. In many inner cities, schools improve, they see a better system just outside of town. So, we happen to be in with our two kids an excellent charter school. The downside there though, and this is a very interesting discussion, is that we not have a bit of a commute. My wife typically drives our kids to school. And she says, you know, I didn't move to the city to be a suburban commuter.

It strikes me. Towards the end of your book you have this beautiful section about a beautiful urban vision of - a lot of people remember - Mary Tyler Moore walking the streets of Minneapolis - and you're going to - and throwing her hat up in the air.

Yep. Mary Tyler Moore brings up a couple of really interesting things. The most interesting discussion is - I mean, what TV shows did I watch when I was a kid?"Gilligan's Island," "Partridge Family," "Brady Bunch". . .

Well, say what you will about "Gilligan's Island. "That was a walkable environment.

turn 5 : Turn 6 is a question that seeks clarification on the outcome of the speaker's efforts to recover the Pinta population, which is also a literal meaning.

turn 5 : (2) implies admiration and admiration of the business while (4) implies gratitude and appreciation for Stanley Clarke's time.

turn 5 : (6) Implies an appreciation and admiration of "Gilligan's Island" as a walkable environment.

turn 5 : The actual meaning behind (4) is not just an expression of admiration but also an invitation to explore and appreciate the wonders of the world.

turn 5 : (4) - Implied meaning: People were encouraged to enjoy the outdoors and take in the beauty of nature


Yeah. Well, there are definitely multiple factors. You know, about a decade ago, China passed their renewable energy law. They started to really grow wind and solar as the future strategic industries. And now they're the largest in the world. They install by far the most wind turbines and solar panels in the world. So they really can see that this is a future growth area, that this is something that they can export to other countries. And it has all of these environmental benefits. So of course, to them, it just makes sense to do it.

So they see jobs in green energy.

That's right. You know, there's 3 million renewable energy jobs in China. That's the most in the world. Renewable energy jobs around the world, including in the U. S. , are growing much faster than the overall job market. So there are definitely areas for growth.

At the same time, China is the world's largest coal user and producer, isn't it?

turn 0 : Renewable energy is still too expensive for developing countries

turn 0 : The topic of energy is crucial to our world's future and has significant impacts on policy decisions, including war.

turn 0 : Selling off natural resources makes the economy in a country worse than before.

turn 0 : The Chinese economy is not balanced and requires serious changes

turn 0 : China sees renewable energy as a future economic opportunity, which can be exported and reduce environmental impact.


So they see jobs in green energy.

turn 2 : (1) In turn (1), the speaker implies that China's non-interference policy is not entirely true, and that they use it as a cover to gain access to natural resources in African countries like Sudan and Zimbabwe.

turn 2 : It implies that there is a lot of political maneuvering happening behind the scenes in China which an average Chinese person have no knowledge about.

turn 2 : This implies the growing economic war between Trump administration and China.

turn 2 : The implied meaning of the speaker's turn is that China is taking advantage of its renewable energy resources, not just for environmental benefits, but also for economic growth and job creation.


So they see jobs in green energy.

turn 3 : "China has a role in this?"  The actual meaning of this turn goes beyond the literal question. The speaker is implying that China may have some level of involvement or influence in the situation being discussed, suggesting a potential factor that contributes to the problem.

turn 3 : The literal meaning of (4) is that the speaker is physically located in Luliang, a city in China's coal country, and is observing the area's economy. However, the implied meaning is that the speaker is reporting on the current state of China's economy outside of Shanghai,

turn 3 : The literal meaning of this turn is simply a confirmation question about China's status as the largest coal user and producer. However, the implied meaning is that China's heavy reliance on coal for energy production contradicts their efforts towards renewable energy and environmental benefits. This turn serves as a counterpoint to the previous discussion about China's growth in renewable energy and job opportunities in that sector.

turn 3 : CHINA IS GOING TO BE COMPETITION AS FAR AS IT'S ADVANCEMENTS IN THEIR ECONOMY

turn 3 : "But it will only be a brief hiatus in this long-term, contentious U.S.-China relationship" has a figurative meaning that is different from its literal meaning. The literal meaning of the turn is that a deal between the US and China would only be a temporary break in their long-term, contentious relationship. However, the figurative meaning is that even if a deal is reached, the underlying tensions and issues between the two countries will remain and could resurface in the future.


Absolutely. In fact, that is advice that students are given. Be sure and use the longest possible word you can. Don't settle for anything simple. And often what they end up doing is inventing a great deal. I've talked with teachers who have evaluated these, and one was telling me a story about this student who wrote about his whole family dying in a plane crash. Well, maybe that happened but it's entirely possible that it didn't.

I'm wondering, professor, those who are on the College Board say in fact they don't believe there's a formula, there's not shortcuts and the people who are doing the reading know how to spot gimmicks.

The teachers that I have talked to who are scorers certainly do know how to spot gimmicks. And I think that's why the teacher who told me the story about the whole family killed in the plane crash was spotting the gimmick. But that that doesn't prevent students from trying to use those gimmicks. They're trying to, in some way, make themselves distinctive and capture the attention of readers who, at best, are going to be skimming what they're reading because the scoring process for the SAT requires the scores - if you are hired as a scorer, what you have to be able to do is to read 20 essays in an hour, which is three minutes per essay. And if you are trying to earn extra money, you get a bonus if you can read 30.

I certainly didn't know this. So, the graders get a cash bounty for being superficial.

turn 0 : None . There's nothing in this that implies anything.

turn 0 : None , I do not believe there is any here


We're hosting an online viewing party of sorts. For all those people who couldn't be among the 75,000 at INVESCO, I guess the next best thing to do is have your computer at your desk and join us. So we'll be linking to a stream of the event, and we'll host a real-time conversation.

So give that address again.

nprnewsandviews. org.

All right. Geoffrey Bennett is the web producer for News and Notes, joining me from the studios at the NPR west. Geoff, thank you very much.

turn 0 : Despite not being a participant, I have influence.

turn 0 : It is expected that your online privacy will be compromised.

turn 0 : to approach someone with something in this context means you are showing them something

turn 0 : An online viewing party is being held as a substitute for not being able to attend in-person.

turn 0 : It is the number of people voted in that are of a particular party, not an actual seat.


So give that address again.

nprnewsandviews. org.

turn 0 : Virtual event for inclusive engagement and community building.

turn 0 : Efforts are made to provide a sense of community and celebration among the workers

turn 0 : an active community in this context means the community is doing a lot of things

turn 0 : There will be a lot of formal events but street protests will be the highlight.


So give that address again.

nprnewsandviews. org.

turn 2 : The audience of the website is willing to help out with the campaign.

turn 2 : The website address to join the online viewing party is nprnewsandviews.org

turn 2 : The website provides personal and political information about people based on their address, which may be an invasion of privacy.

turn 2 : The audience of the site is willing to support the campaign when needed


Yeah.

You once said to (laughter) a contestant - I wonder if you even remember it. I'm going to do my bad Paul Hollywood imitation now. (Imitating accent) Your ganache lacks shine. So. . .

Yes, I do remember that.

(Laughter) Yeah, I mean - it was something. It was a few years ago, that. And it was to do with, obviously, with the outer coating on the cake. And the ganache is basically just chocolate cream. Normally, when you're dealing in a plain chocolate, so you can do 50-50. So 50 percent cream, 50 percent chocolate and just leave it to melt - and then pour it all over a cake. It sets, and you get a beautiful shine. You've got to be careful when you're setting it, and that's where it came from.

turn 3 : 4) "B: Every now and then in the family, if we want to gently or comically upbraid each other, we go, (imitating accent) your ganache lacks shine." implies that B and their family use the phrase "your ganache lacks shine" as a comical way of teasing or joking with each other. The literal meaning is just a description of B's words and actions.     Was this response better or worse? Better Worse Same

turn 3 : (2) "B: You once said to (laughter) a contestant - I wonder if you even remember it. I'm going to do my bad Paul Hollywood imitation now. (Imitating accent) Your ganache lacks shine." implies that B is telling a funny story about A's past behavior, specifically about A's imitation of Paul Hollywood's critique of a contestant's ganache. The literal meaning is just a description of B's words and actions.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using a euphemism or understatement to convey a more significant or sensitive message.

turn 3 :  "B: Every now and then in the family, if we want to gently or comically upbraid each other, we go, (imitating accent) your ganache lacks shine." This turn implies that B and their family use the phrase "your ganache lacks shine" in a playful, teasing manner to gently criticize each other, rather than actually referring to the shine of the ganache itself.

turn 3 : This turn is literal in meaning, as it is a straightforward question asking about the speaker's children.


Well, what Bill Lockyer, the State Treasurer is telling us, and what the governor is telling us is that we are in real trouble right now. Lockyer has said that we will not be able to meet payroll by the end of this month unless something is done to unfreeze the credit markets and the state is credit worthy.

I mean, it's the eight largest economy in the world. But they've been unable to obtain the normal short-term financing to meet cash flow needs. And when the state runs out of money that means that cities and counties and school districts also run out of money.

Has the state ever had to do this before, go to the federal government and say we need money now, help us?

I think this is unprecedented and certainly the state ordinarily would be solving their cash flow needs out of the regular market, not from the federal government. And what the governor is saying is that he would be asking the federal government to serve that role for the state of California.

turn 0 : The sectors are protected from having to layoff any employees.

turn 0 : The state of California is in financial trouble and may not be able to pay its employees or meet its financial obligations

turn 0 : When you hand out money quickly with no regulations people will spend it on things that are not needed.

turn 0 : The amount set aside for wages is insufficient.

turn 0 : The state department was loosing a great many employees.


And a few facts to guard those younger than you and me. Britain seized the Falklands in 1833, illegal then and illegal now, according to Argentina, which calls them the Malvinas. Every Argentine school child learns Islas Malvinas son Argentinas, but the roughly 3,200 residents adamantly insist they and the Falklands are and will always be British. But Jackson Diehl, none of that has changed since the end of the war three decades ago. Why has this dispute reemerge now?

I think it has to do with Argentine politics more than anything else. The reason the Argentine junta in 1982, military generals in charge at the time, invaded the Falklands, was they were desperate to distract popular attention from the fact that the economy was tanking and that they were losing their legitimacy. Now we have a civilian government in power, which, to its credit, doesn't want to invade the Falklands, but it has the same difficult economic problems again and it has the same problems with potentially losing legitimacy at home. And this is a very easy way to distract people.

This time, though, there is no hint of military action.

There isn't. And I think the interesting thing about this government is they have cut the Argentine military budget so severely in the last few years that even if Argentina wanted to invade the Falklands, they would be incapable of doing so. So that's one good thing.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be hinting at something indirectly and expects the listener to understand the intended message.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker's use of a particular tone or emphasis suggests that they may be implying something indirectly, without stating it explicitly.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker is making a subtle suggestion or insinuation that others may pick up on, but without being too direct or forceful.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be expressing a subtle hint or suggestion, rather than stating something directly.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be conveying a hidden message or agenda that requires further exploration or analysis to fully understand.


turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using understatement or exaggeration to convey a message, often to emphasize a point or to add humor to a situation.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using humor or sarcasm to make a point or convey a message in a lighthearted way.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker thinks that there is a level of ambiguity or hidden message in the turn that may not be immediately apparent, but which can be inferred or interpreted through context or other clues.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is hinting at a deeper or hidden motive or intention behind their actions or words.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using a euphemism or understatement to convey a more significant or sensitive message.


Who is Chuy Garcia, and does he have to show that he's not just a protest candidate now?

He has been around for a long time. He was a state senator. He was a city council alderman. He is now a Cook County commissioner. Was he widely known all the way across Chicago?No, he has not been. But he is a solid and serious individual, who's been in government for a long time. He was not the first choice. The first choice to run against Rahm Emanuel was the head of the Chicago teachers' union. . .

Yeah, Karen Lewis.

. . . Karen Lewis, who is charismatic, African-American and has been at war with Emanuel from the beginning. But she developed a brain tumor. And the person who became the anointed one was Chuy Garcia.

turn 3 : He resigned because the job was not worth all of the trouble that he and his father were going through.

turn 3 : The selection of Mueller's team members may not have been impartial

turn 3 : There was a failure to provide appropriate medical care for Carlos Hernandez Vasquez.

turn 3 : The disaster was so severe that it was impossible to save everyone, and the situation was out of control.

turn 3 : This implies that Chuy Garcia was not the top choice and was only chosen because of Karen Lewis's unfortunate situation.


Kristen's reporting illuminated that one of their co-founders had been accused of harassment by multiple women. He was still very much part of the agency when Kristen's reporting came out. Soon after, he was suspended. And then a few weeks later, he quietly resigned. There are reports specifically from women that he groped them, that he made - I mean, I don't even know if I can repeat the comments that he made. There is one photographer from the agency who cannot speak about what she experienced because she has been silenced by an NDA.

A nondisclosure agreement.

A nondisclosure agreement.

We should say that he's denied those allegations. You followed up with your own report on this. So you've been looking into this. And I'm curious what the industry's reaction has been to your story and Kristen's story.

turn 0 : to cover something in this context means to report on something

turn 0 : The behavior was unacceptable to what the people would accept.

turn 0 : They found out the information in an indirect way from people not involved.

turn 0 : The reporting brought emphasis to the harrassment so that others would notice.

turn 0 : They got a lot of people complaining about what they spoke about.


Here to tell us more about that report is the vice chair of the commission, former senator from Missouri, Jim Talent. Welcome to the program, sir. And if you could tell us a bit about this report. It states that the biological threat to this country is greater than the nuclear one. What sort of biological threat are we talking about?

Well, people normally think in terms of like Anthrax, and that's the most visible potential pathogen. There's others that could be used, smallpox, for example. And one of the dangers is that, with DNA synthesizers that are available and dual-use technology all over the world, it's becoming increasingly easy to isolate pathogens, old or new. It's technologically easier to weaponize.

Can you tell me a little bit about how you conducted the research for this report?

We're a follow onto the 9/11 commission, congressionally created, bipartisan. The report was unanimous, and we interviewed hundreds of people who travel all over the world, everywhere from the national labs in Sandia, to London, to Asia, to Russia interviewing people.

And then we all, each of us on the commission, has experience in this area as well. And what Congress wanted was an update on the assessment of the threat and then recommendations about what can be done to reduce it.

turn 1 : There are other pathogens that could be used as weapons besides Anthrax

turn 1 : Health care workers are at risk of getting infected.

turn 1 : The mortality rate of the disease is high and it has caused outbreaks in the past.

turn 1 : Antimicrobial use, including antibiotics, can deplete microbiome diversity.

turn 1 : Fort Dietrich is a high-security area for dangerous pathogen research.


turn 1 : The potential consequences of genetic engineering could be extreme and far-reaching.

turn 1 : The biological threat to the country is a serious concern due to the availability of DNA synthesizers and dual-use technology

turn 1 : Implied meaning: DNA may not be suitable for carrying out everyday tasks due to its slow processing speed.

turn 1 :  Implied meaning: Will people use DNA to store data instead of hard drives in the future?


Do you feel confident that a vaccine could essentially contain the outbreak?

We are confident that the vaccination is a good complementary measure. So by the time we started the vaccination, we already had a number of cholera cases. What we are trying to prevent is an outbreak of huge proportions that would essentially make our entire health system collapse completely.

Dr.  Ilesh Jani is director general of Mozambique's National Institute of Health. Thank you for speaking with us.

Thank you for having me.

turn 3 : having me implies hosting someone or engaging with someone and not referring to owning someone


I have another on-the-other-hand that may have presented itself this week. A lot of people said if the president doesn't enforce what he said would happen, if Syria crossed the red line and used chemical weapons, then Iran would think that the United States was insincere and would develop a nuclear - continued to develop a nuclear weapon system. This week, the new Iranian president says: We're not interested in nuclear weapons; I want to shake President Obama's hand. Does it suggest that the administration has done something right?

I think that the proof of the pudding is in the eating. And in Syria, you saw Assad fear an American strike and make a deal that he probably would not have made otherwise. In Iran, you see after four years of Obama's threats, and more than the threats to use military force, or the threat to keep the option of force on the table, you have four years of very, very hard edge sanctions imposed by the about administration on Iran.

And so, I think that they're taking Obama fairly seriously. We'll see what happens down the road, if they continue to take it seriously. But the credibility issue is not quite, at the moment at least, what some people thought it would be.

Jeffrey Goldberg who writes for The Atlantic, The New Yorker, and Bloomberg among other publications, thanks so much for being with us.

turn 1 : The implied meaning is that the Obama administration's efforts of threatening military force and imposing economic sanctions have been successful in making Iran take the US seriously.

turn 1 :  (2) Implied meaning: The US is in a difficult situation with North Korea and Russia, and the president's actions have made it even more difficult.

turn 1 : This implies that Iran has found ways to evade or circumvent the sanctions, despite their severity.

turn 1 : The implied meaning of this turn is that Democrats might not be interested in a bipartisan effort since their own plan has been successful.

turn 1 : Although the literal meaning of this turn is simply asking for a description of the current situation, the implied meaning behind it is that the speaker is expressing frustration or confusion about the conflicting messages they have heard from President Trump regarding the removal or retention of U.S. forces in Syria. It could be interpreted as a way of questioning the credibility of the information that has been provided so far and seeking clarification or a more definitive answer.


All right. Give me - we just have time for one tip for online dating, something you should do or shouldn't do.

One thing you should do is be yourself. Never ever, ever post any picture that's like five years old and 50 pounds lighter or heavier than you are. It's like your picture should reflect who you are, and the way that you write your profile should reflect who you are as a person, as well as the person that you're trying to attract for a date. Things you should not do, never have someone meet you in your home on a first date that you've never met before. Don't give out any specifics. I say, don't tell someone where you work unless you want them to come and visit you there.

Right.

Don't give them your address unless you want them to come and visit you there as well.

turn 0 : a pound refers and implies to a body weight and not one British pound

turn 0 : 160 pounds implies the body weight and not referring to money or 160 British pounds

turn 0 : They would go in every day without fail to weigh themself.

turn 0 : 50 pounds  implies a weight and not referring to 50 British pounds

turn 0 : to weight in on something means to give an opinion on something


Exactly. And the nice thing with the study was that we got to find out what was characteristic of healthy sinus cavities. And what we saw was that there was this enrichment for lactic acid bacteria and many other bacteria. But they're the ones that stood out to us because they were most depleted in the disease stage. And so we moved the. . .

Is this the bacteria that you find in yogurt and things like that?

Yeah, yeah. It's a relative. It's one of them. There are many, many lactobacillus species. But the one that we focus on is one - actually, we focused on the one that's used in making sake. (Unintelligible).

Making sake?

turn 1 : smell like rotten eggs is about bacteria smell

turn 1 : Many parts of the human body are colonized by bacteria.

turn 1 : Antimicrobial use, including antibiotics, can deplete microbiome diversity.

turn 1 : Lactic acid bacteria can be found in yogurt.


It has been nearly 17 years since Brooklyn, New York's Crown Heights neighborhood was engulfed by riots and recriminations. The neighborhood is a mix of Caribbean-Americans, black Americans, born in the States, and orthodox Jews. In August of 1991, a rabbi's motorcade hit a seven-year-old Guyanese boy named Gavin Cato. He later died from his injuries. Some neighbors believe that the Jewish ambulance crew that arrived slightly before the city ambulance should have taken Cato to the hospital. Within hours of the boy's death, a mob of young black men killed Yankel Rosenbaum, a young orthodox Jewish divinity student. Stores were looted or burnt and dozens of people were injured in the subsequent days.

Flash forward to the present. In the last few weeks, a series of new incidents, admittedly much smaller ones, have put Crown Heights on a small boil. Can members of the black and Jewish communities ease the tensions, and are they willing to try?In a few minutes we'll hear from two of those community leaders. But, first, here to help us untangle the latest Crown Heights affair is New York Post editorial writer Robert George. Hi, Robert.

Hi, Farai, how is it going?

Good. And why don't we talk about this in context. You know, you have the 1991 tensions that broke out, now what exactly is going on today?

turn 0 : dozens of people implies a very large number of people

turn 0 : bunch of its residents implies many people living within the area

turn 0 : tens of thousands implies very numerous or uncountable number of people

turn 0 : bunch of others implies there are so many others available

turn 0 : tens of thousands refer and implies large number


That's right. She's protesting and enlisting the support of past Republican nominees and other leaders on her behalf. But the threshold was finishing top three in Iowa or pulling in the top six in New Hampshire or top six nationally. And she fell short in all those metrics.

What do you foresee tonight?

In a sense, there are still two tiers. You've got Donald Trump and Ted Cruz at the top. And then the three remaining governors, Jeb Bush, Chris Christie and John Kasich, all chasing the fastest-rising star of the field, Marco Rubio. Now, Ben Carson will be there - maybe something of an afterthought, although it will be interesting to see if he calls out Ted Cruz for Cruz's campaign telling people that Carson was dropping out on Monday just before the caucuses began. There's been a bit of a controversy over that. And Trump has said that it taints Cruz's victory there.

turn 3 : Marco Rubio is facing increased criticism from opponents as his popularity rises.

turn 3 : (4) B: The downside to getting more attention, like Marco Rubio, is more criticism. And he seems to get more direct criticism from his opponents as he rises in the polls.  The actual meaning here is that as a politician becomes more popular, they also become more of a target for criticism from their opponents. The literal meaning, however, is simply that as one gets more attention, they also get more criticism.

turn 3 : Two people in particular, Trump and Cruz, Donald Trump and Ted Cruz. Trump is no longer the dominating personality that he was, but he's still the name leading in national polls and in most of the early states. Cruz, though, is the central figure in this particular debate if only because he was the object of most of the attacks from the other candidates. And he is masterful at slipping the punch, changing the subject, turning the criticism back onto others.  In this turn, the actual meaning goes beyond the literal meaning. The speaker is not simply providing a factual description of the debate and the candidates, but they are also implying that Trump's dominance has diminished, although he still leads in polls. They also suggest that Cruz's ability to deflect criticism and turn it against others makes him a significant figure in the debate. The implied meaning is about the shifting dynamics and strategies of the candidates and their relative strengths.

turn 3 : "Immediate fallout would be Jeb Bush's problem. He needed a revival, and he wound up looking worse than he had in the first two debates and out on the stump as well. The memorable punches in these debates tend to be counter punches. And Bush went after his one-time protege, Marco Rubio, and Rubio came back smart, fast, tough and got a highlight moment out of it, just one of several for Rubio, by the way."  Here, the speaker is discussing the consequences or negative outcomes for Jeb Bush after the debate. The implied meaning is that Jeb Bush's performance in the debate was disappointing or damaging for his campaign. The speaker highlights that memorable moments in debates usually involve counter-attacks or responses, and in this case, Jeb Bush targeted Marco Rubio, but Rubio responded effectively and gained a notable moment. The implied meaning goes beyond a literal description of the events and emphasizes the impact on Jeb Bush's candidacy.


Sounds like a fun gathering.

Lots of pollsters in a room - I'm sure there's jokes. What makes this new effort such a big deal?

Look, this is the first time since 1992, when all the media organizations bought into one National Election Pool, that there's going to be competition. And it's a totally different approach to measuring the electorate. They're launching it, by the way, they announced, in all 47 states where there are elections this fall for statewide elections in these midterms. And it's a massive undertaking that really is - you know, just talking to people here - starting a crackup of American election polling.

That's fascinating. What is different, though, about what Fox News and the AP are doing?

turn 2 : They've been making the National Election Pool worried and extremely concerned.  Also, it is not a pool, but an organization that gets information from groups of people.

turn 2 : Pool is not a literal term, it just means a collection of money.

turn 2 :  Implies that the high-risk pools are often not sufficiently funded and/or have limits on coverage

turn 2 : (3): The research requires a lot of different initiatives. = It takes a lot of effort to research this field.

turn 2 : The NEP is not a pool but an organization that gathers information from groups of people.  The approach was not launched but newly began for the fall season.


Being a congressional Democrat from Alabama has been a lonely occupation. Representative Terri Sewell, from the district that includes Selma and parts of Birmingham and Montgomery, was the only Democrat in the state's congressional delegation until this week, when Doug Jones defeated Roy Moore for the U. S.  Senate. Representative Sewell joins us from her district. Representative Sewell, thanks so much for being with us.

Well, thank you so much for having me.

Doug Jones thanked you specifically for helping bring African-American voters to the polls. Do you want to take a victory lap and tell us how you did it?

(Laughter) Well, listen. This was an amazing victory for Alabama. It was a victory, I think, for decency - common decency. And it shows that Alabama was willing to put principle over party. I was very excited that my district overperformed. And I was particularly excited about the African-American turnout. You know, I think that people understood that the stakes were high. This administration has had a negative effect on our community. It's reversing a lot of the Obama-era progress that we've made. And I'm just very pleased that people showed up and showed out.

turn 2 : : The implied meaning of this turn is that Representative Sewell should explain how she encouraged African-American voters to come out and vote for Doug Jones.

turn 2 :  "Frankly, they kind of overdo it, you know? So for blacks to support Obama, he's got to make up his mind. Is he African or American? Because he can't be both. That doesn't make sense." The literal meaning of this turn is that Obama cannot be both African and American, and that it is difficult for black people to support him. However, the actual meaning is that there is a sense of confusion and identity crisis regarding Obama's background, and that this confusion affects how some black people feel about him.

turn 2 : The implied meaning in turn (2) is that the author created the book out of a desire to educate young black people about their cultural history, which they may not have learned from mainstream media sources such as hip-hop videos.

turn 2 : The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker is a supporter of Obama and is not afraid to express it publicly, even if it goes against the expectations of his mother.

turn 2 : This implies that the Voters who had two options of sitting at home during the election or they vote for Luther who is considered to be a clown than to vote for the unpopular Roy Moore.


Well, I think there are bad memories, and there are ghosts. And it's such an interesting place to visit. There are people who go back to that Superdome now not because they want to, but because they have to, to try and make a living. One guy I met, Raymond Smith, he has no choice but to strap a beer tray around his neck and go up and down the aisles, you know, shouting for beer during games. And he had to live through Katrina inside the Superdome. And it is not a happy memory for him in any way. It's something he suffers with. But for the rest of the community, it is also a symbol of redemption in some ways or if not redemption, reclamation.

I promise not to take this personally. World Series - two parks you'd have to go back and forth between. What would you choose?

Well, as a Yankee fan, I suppose I should say Yankee Stadium. But if the ballpark is the sole measure of where I want to be, then, unfortunately, it has to be Fenway. And, you know. . .

It takes a lot for Yankee fan to say that, right?I appreciate that.

It does. But you know what?Fenway really is a magical place. And they've done a tremendous job with their renovations. And as perfect as the symmetry might be of going back and forth between Wrigley and Fenway, I'm going to say PNC Park.

In Pittsburgh?

turn 5 : can be interpreted as a way to inquire about the current situation in the city, not just the events taking place.

turn 5 :  "In Pittsburgh?" The literal meaning of this turn is a simple inquiry about the location mentioned by the speaker. The implicated meaning, however, suggests surprise or disbelief on the part of the speaker, as if they find it unexpected or unusual for PNC Park to be chosen as a preferred location.

turn 5 : The literal meaning of (4) is that the speaker is physically located in Luliang, a city in China's coal country, and is observing the area's economy. However, the implied meaning is that the speaker is reporting on the current state of China's economy outside of Shanghai,

turn 5 : The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker is asking if the Alderman has any reservations about the safety of the St. Louis area, given the protests and violence that have been occurring.


OK.  You have been witness to debate preparation sessions, however. So, when does the work really start for these events?

Well, I tell you, it's something that's ongoing from the very start of the general election. Because the best way to debate effectively is to know what your opponent is going to say. So, everyone in each campaign has been paying attention to the interviews the other opponent has been giving, the speeches that they have been making. And about a month ago, they started compiling a briefing book. This is about four inches thick, it has tabs covering every issue, everything that the campaign has put out about it, everything your opponent has said about it, and it's a way to get you briefed on all the issues. As you know, tonight, 90 minutes, everything is on the table.

Yeah. So, what are the key points a debate prep team likes to address right away?I was wondering if there is like a set list, or does it really depend on the candidate and the race?

Well, hands down, no matter the juxtaposition of your candidate or the charisma they may or may not have, it always comes down to two things, and that's the verbal and the non-verbal.

turn 1 : Political conversations can be contentious and require preparation

turn 1 : Debate preparation is a continuous process throughout the election campaign.

turn 1 : (4) - This turn implies that the speaker is urging the other speaker to stay and lend their voice to the debate, as their opinion is important and relevant.

turn 1 : The house is too crowded to have political arguments

turn 1 : Is Joe Biden trying to recover the support he had and lost in the debates.


You are a brave man. You think there's going to be any political spats at your table?

Well, the entire house becomes the table with that many people, so we won't actually have room for argument. Anybody who wants to bicker will have to go outside.

John Dickerson is the chief political correspondent for slate. com. Thanks, John, and happy Thanksgiving.

Thank you. Happy Thanksgiving to you.

turn 0 : A is advocating for social and political change.

turn 0 : The turn that has an implied meaning different from its literal meaning is turn (1).  Although the literal meaning of "And Happy Thanksgiving to you" is a friendly holiday greeting, the implied meaning in this context is likely sarcastic or dismissive. This is because B responds to A's explanation of the prediction market with a statement that could be interpreted as not taking the idea seriously or finding it distasteful. The greeting could therefore be seen as a way to change the subject or end the conversation.

turn 0 : The speaker does not endorse everything politicians tweet but criticizes some statements as exacerbating culture and climate (score: 4)

turn 0 : In statement 1, the speaker is subtly suggesting that the Republican friends should be open-minded and consider the possibility of voting for Trump in the upcoming election

turn 0 : B is skeptical about political discussions during Thanksgiving


Thank you. Happy Thanksgiving to you.

turn 1 : The House of Commons is a confrontational environment

turn 1 : People are expecting the President to come up with solutions to address the issues in the South Side.

turn 1 : The House is not willing to compromise, even on their own plan.


Well, we approach this as sort of a three-front challenge. We changed policy in this state last year. Seven bills were passed that give us more control over prescribing. It gives law enforcement more authority over pills coming into the state. This litigation is going to give us money to deal with the epidemic. And lastly, when we identify prescribers who are being reckless with their patients. . .

OK.

. . . Or running pill mills, we're prosecuting them.

All right. That's Oklahoma State Attorney General Mike Hunter.

turn 2 : Not taking action to prevent something harmful from happening is wrong.

turn 2 : We are taking strict actions against irresponsible prescribers.

turn 2 : The community needs to act quickly to restore trust and safety in the community.

turn 2 : Suggesting that adults are often responsible for causing problems.


The site of the wreck of the Houston's been known for quite some time. Why just the official confirmation now?

Well, the Navy became concerned over the years that the wreck was being salvaged by trophy hunters and commercial concerns overseas. Recreational dive companies have been leading dives on the Houston as well as the Perth, for years. But they began to fear for the integrity of the wreck. And it is a war grave. It's also custody of the U. S.  Navy, even though it's been undersea for more than 70 years now. And so what they did was, they launched an official expedition to document the state of the wreck and the first step in that process was to authenticate the identity of the ship, and so that's what made headlines this week.

Captain Rooks received the Medal of Honor for what?

He led the Perth into battle on that night and was quickly fallen upon by a far superior Japanese naval squadron. They had several heavy cruisers, a whole bunch of destroyers and the Japanese were masters of the art of nighttime naval combat. They would demonstrate this time and again through the early months of the war.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker's tone and word choice suggest that they may be withholding information or expressing something indirectly, potentially due to fear of judgement or repercussions.

turn 1 : (4) The literal meaning of turn (4) is that the reporter contacted the Department of Justice for comment, but the implied meaning is that the reporter wants to highlight the lack of response from the Department of Justice, which can suggest a lack of transparency or accountability.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker is hinting at an underlying issue or concern that they are not comfortable discussing directly.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The Navy was concerned that the wreck was being illegally salvaged and the recreational dive companies were unaware of the consequences of their actions.

turn 1 : A statement implies that they were caught off guard or surprised by the previous speaker's comment.


turn 3 : They had a large amount of weapons from the United States.

turn 3 : The Japanese were more skilled than the Perth in nighttime naval combat, which they would demonstrate in the early months of the war.

turn 3 : Sailing across the ocean during wartime was a perilous experience.

turn 3 : The situation in Port-au-Prince has improved, but it was very tense and dangerous before.

turn 3 : They were in the middle of the highest tensions between the two countries.


Thank you.

You begin by saying that you think making laws to get rid of guns just might be impossible.

Well, I think we should try but we already have 300 million guns in circulation in America. So, if tomorrow or in January Congress somehow banned the sale of all new guns, we have 100-year problem. Even if you have gun buybacks - they'll buy back five, 10, 20, 30 million guns - we have a terrible, tragic situation where the country is awash in guns. So, very little on the gun control agenda is actually going to make a dent in that, unfortunately.

Your most controversial points certainly now is that you say more people ought to be trained to fire back at an assailant and be able to carry guns for that purpose.

turn 2 : (2) Implied meaning: While individuals should have the right to own firearms, it is not practical to suggest the mass confiscation of all firearms in the country.

turn 2 : (2) Implies that Republicans are avoiding talking about gun policy and are only willing to talk about it on Fox News, suggesting that they are being disingenuous in their approach.

turn 2 : (3) Implies that while the issue of violence and firearm violence must be addressed, the rights of gun owners should be respected as well.

turn 2 : This statement implies the level of pessimism about the effectiveness of gun control measures given the large number of guns already in circulation in the country, and that most proposals for gun control won't make much of a difference..


I think it is a serious threat. I don't see strong evidence that it has increased as of late. Iran has the ability to act via proxy organizations towards United States troops, diplomats, other assets that might be in the region. It also has the mechanisms to act against our partners and against our allies either directly or through the proxy organizations that it has a relationship with.

And paint me a little bit of a picture of what that map looks like when you describe Iran's proxy organizations in the Middle East.

So Iran's strongest relationship is with Lebanese Hezbollah. That allows them to have a measure of influence both to act in Lebanon, to act towards Israel from Lebanon but increasingly to act in other countries where Iran has essentially deployed Lebanese Hezbollah troops to, including Syria.

It has also been improving its relationship with Houthi rebels in Yemen, though its ability to direct or control the Houthis is still very limited. And it has long-established relationships with Iraqi militias.

Does Iran have control over its proxies?

turn 0 : Iran's proxy organizations pose a serious threat to the US and its allies

turn 0 : The situation with the US and Iran is concerning for Europeans

turn 0 : The U.S. blames Iran for the explosions, but Iran denies involvement and considers it part of a campaign against them.

turn 0 : This implies that Iran has found ways to evade or circumvent the sanctions, despite their severity.

turn 0 : The situation between Iran and the US may lead to a military conflict, which nobody wants.


turn 2 : Iran uses Lebanese Hezbollah troops to expand its influence in the region

turn 2 : Assuming that Iran is responsible for the attack.

turn 2 : Iran is responding to the US's maximum pressure campaign

turn 2 : And what do the drug cartels get out of this arrangement? Implicated meaning: The speaker is asking about the benefits or advantages that the drug cartels gain from their involvement or collaboration with Hezbollah. The speaker suggests that there is an arrangement between Hezbollah and the drug cartels, indicating a deeper connection and mutual benefit beyond a simple association.

turn 2 :  A's actual meaning in this turn is that the United States and Russia, along with Russia's influence on Syria, could potentially make progress on the cease-fire in less than the suggested six-month waiting period.


The Endangered Species Act has saved animals and plants, including the bald eagle, the grizzly bear and the black-footed ferret, since Congress passed that legislation in 1973. But some of those conservation efforts have come at a cost to ranchers and farmers. Senator John Barrasso of Wyoming has introduced a bill to include state involvement in the process, which some ranchers say has made it difficult for them to protect their herds of sheep and cattle. Bill Kluck joins us now. He's the sheep committee chairman of R-CALF USA. And he's been ranching for 35 years in South Dakota. Mr.  Kluck, thanks for being with us.

Thank you for having me.

How in your judgment has this act infringed on your ranching?

One of the main things that the sheep people face is the predators. And coyotes, wolves will impact your herd and kill lambs and so forth. It's kind of hard to imagine. But, at one point, I was trapping as many coyotes in a year as when I had sheep running on the land. And this is one of the things that this Barrasso bill seemed to address is the threshold level and not letting that level be like a mirage that you never really get there.

turn 1 : having me implies hosting someone or engaging with someone and not referring to owning someone

turn 1 : having me implies hosting me and where someone is a guest

turn 1 : having me implies hosting someone or a guest, not owning the person


Correct.

Yeah. So we'll have to wait to see how that happens. Thank you very much, doctor, and good luck to you.

Well, I'm delighted to be with you and your audience. Thank you very much.

You're welcome. Alfredo Quinones-Hinojosa is professor of neurosurgery and oncology, director of the Brain Tumor Stem Cell Lab at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in Baltimore.

turn 1 : you've got the whole thing likely means that they have everything needed to succeed.

turn 1 : (2) can mean "I'm grateful for this opportunity"

turn 1 : We appreciate the opportunities we get to perform

turn 1 : It's important to take risks and learn from failure.

turn 1 : good luck to you means you hope they do well


Well, we're interested in understanding, one, what are all the metabolites or small molecules that are under the control of the circadian clock in these post-harvest vegetables and fruits?So in things like zucchini and carrots and sweet potato, we would expect a different sweet of metabolites to be regulated by the clock. So we'd like to know what those are. And then we'd like to know what kind of conditions could be used to make this a practical - if it turns out that we can really make a difference in nutritional quality then. . .

Right.

. . . we would want to design a simply way to keep the clock running. And we know that plants can respond to just pulses of light in ways that can control or set their clock. And so we'd like to investigate what are the simplest ways that we can use to make this practical.

Well, we wish you good luck, Dr.  Braam.

turn 0 : Plants are immobile, unlike humans who move around.

turn 0 : The vegetables have a system that regulates according to how much light they get.

turn 0 : The speakers agree that plants do not move.

turn 0 : They are under control of the plant's internal system that is regulated by light and seasons.


Right.

turn 2 : Plants are immobile, unlike humans who move around.

turn 2 : The speakers agree that plants do not move.

turn 2 : The vegetables don't have a clock. They have a system that is regulated according to light.

turn 2 : They want to design a way to keep plants's internal system working even when they are indoors.


What goes in the clubhouse stays in the clubhouse - until the baseball manager writes a book, that is. It's Thursday, and if you haven't guessed, it's time again for a look at sports with our very own sports guru, the New York Times Sports Columnist, Mr.  Bill Rhoden. Mr.  Bill, what's up?

Hey, the great Tony Cox. How you're doing?

I'm doing great, man. Joe Torre, leaving New York as a beloved figure, but now he has written his autobiography, "The Yankee Years. "I know that he's been on his New York tour. People are buying the book. But, you know, some people are happy, some people not so happy.

Well, the people who are most important to be happy are happy. The publisher of course. . .

Anybody reading book, it's about selling books. And I, Tony, I sort of equate it to in football, the most important statistics for a receiver are yards after catch.

turn 0 : The situation is uncertain and they need to take it one step at a time

turn 0 : Teammates might be jealous that you score too much

turn 0 : This made the person have to stay where they were at.

turn 0 : What happens in the clubhouse should not be shared with others

turn 0 : Referring to a complicated game of musical chairs, not an actual game but referring to the fact that anyone could take the spot, similar to the game of musical chairs.


turn 0 : What happens in the clubhouse is supposed to be kept secret

turn 0 : People are likely to follow through a given idea or course since it is end is clear as a glass chamber.


turn 2 : A decided to be vulnerable and share about his severe depression in order to be authentic in his book and play.

turn 2 : The content of the book is humorous and not meant to be taken seriously.

turn 2 : This implies that the book has potential benefits over time, but it may not have widespread appeal and may only appeal to a small or specific audience.

turn 2 : The story is a happy one that is also distracting and the people have been feeling sad so they need the story to make them happy again.

turn 2 : Some people are unhappy with Joe Torre's book


Yeah. And we owe a debt of gratitude, also, to Roger Hangarter of Indiana University, who gave us some other time-lapse of other plant motions. Because I started looking into this, and, you know, even the tulips in your vase are moving around if you speed up time. Their leaves are flopping. He told me this amazing story about sunflowers that I never knew. The reason that they are called that is that they actually orient towards the sun throughout the day. Their leaves do. So they start facing east and then end up facing west.

They have the ultimate solar panels.

That's totally right.

They figured out how to actually how to move with the sun. . .

turn 3 : Plants are immobile, unlike humans who move around.

turn 3 : Sunflowers have the ability to move with the sun.

turn 3 : The speakers agree that plants do not move.

turn 3 : B is being sarcastic and dismissive about the sun.


They have the ultimate solar panels.

That's totally right.

turn 3 : Humans began changing the way plants spread and grew.

turn 3 : The vegetables have a system that regulates according to how much light they get.

turn 3 : Sunflowers figured out how to follow the sun's movement.


What about the government ordering banks to rewrite some of these loans, or mandating them, I should say, or even buying back these loans?

Well, mandating is tough. I mean, we do live in a country where contracts are held firm and the government can't essentially say, we want you to void these contracts. I mean, the government could give some relief from a legal perspective that would allow people to modify more easily. Some people have argued what you say, that, you know, the best way to do this is to have the government acquire these loans and then it could do - it can make any changes it wants with a much freer hand than sort of doing this from a bully pulpit or from a sort of a threatening posture.

And Vikas, what about all the people who have already lost their homes and have nothing. Is there anything for them?Can they get any money back?

Yeah, certainly that's painful. I'm not sure that anybody is really talking about that right now. I mean, in the settlement at the states, there were countrywide - there were some - and there was a provision that countrywide would help these people find, at least in that case, rental housing. It's unclear whether they will be more - sort of done broadly for those people. I think the best thing that could be done is to alleviate the economic problems in the country so that the people will be able to, you know, not to lose their jobs or find new jobs, if they have already lost their job.

turn 1 : They think it does make the government look bad to the public.

turn 1 : The government could acquire loans and make changes more easily.

turn 1 : There may be a need for more transparency in lobbying for foreign interests.

turn 1 : It implies that no matter the impact of the program the society will still change those impacts.

turn 1 : The policies would make drastic changes for the better to the economy.


Southern Africa is reeling from a massive cyclone that hit more than a week ago. Some 700 people are reported dead across the region. But that toll is expected to rise. The scene has been described as apocalyptic, with hundreds of thousands of people affected in four countries. Massive flooding has hit Mozambique the hardest, and that is where Rik Goverde of Save the Children is. He joins us from Maputo via Skype. Welcome to the program.

Thank you. Hi.

Can you tell me what the scene is like there on the ground?

Well, the scene is as you described. It is catastrophic. Imagine that there's an inland sea now where there used to be land. People were sitting on roofs, in trees trying to escape the water. But they had nowhere to go. And helicopters are still flying to get them out of there, to get them to dry and - well, not dry - but mainland.

turn 2 : The phrase, "on the ground" implies being in a place or situation where something important is happening, rather than somewhere else.

turn 2 : Common ground means a place in opinion where two different sides think alike.

turn 2 : when something is grounded in this context it means something is more realistic

turn 2 : The dangers of the ground is something the person remembers and thinks about a lot.


Two different things.

There's gun violence and then there's hate crimes. And they intersect, but they're not the same.

And as we heard from the congressman - or the former congressman - we are already seeing reactions questioning the president, what his administration has done to combat white nationalism, if anything, if he's done anything to fuel it. The Democratic presidential candidates, others including Mayor Pete Buttigieg, Senator Amy Klobuchar, have accused the president of using hateful rhetoric. And it does come at a time where there is a rise in racial tension and white nationalist violence in this country. FBI Director Christopher Wray was on Capitol Hill less than two weeks ago in which he said they had made at least a hundred domestic terror arrests since just October. The majority of them were related to white supremacist violence. So it is coming at a time where both gun laws are an intractable debate in this country and racial tensions are at a - I don't want to say an all-time high but are certainly elevated at this very moment.

And so how does that affect the political calculus in Washington at this particular time?We are seeing Democrats obviously trying to get the nomination for the Democratic presidency and also of course Republicans running into 2020.

turn 1 : what drove him in this context means what inspired or motivated him

turn 1 : Fueling hate does not mean to give it gas but to make more people hate each other.

turn 1 : The speaker is suggesting that there may be a hidden agenda or underlying motive behind their words.

turn 1 : Fueling it means that he made the idea gain more followers.

turn 1 : He was having a hard time thinking of an idea and then saw something.


Yes, thank you.

We get it.

A lot of things in the book are things that I wrote about in my newspaper column. For about nine or 10 years I've been doing a column every week for the Guardian newspaper in England, and it's about any kind of unexpected, funny thing that I run across or people tell me about. And to do the book, I went back and grabbed a lot of these stories and then did some more digging to see what else have these people done.

Mm-hmm. Some of the stories seem to have sort of a moral to them, like the one - mysterious one I'm going to call the rectum in a jar.

Yeah, this is the case of the rectum of the Bishop of Durham. If you go to London and you visit the Hunterian Museum, it's a wonderful, wonderful - one - in fact, one of the world's few remaining big medical museums. It's part of The Royal College of Surgeons of England. If you go and visit it, on display on the main floor inside a jar is something they call object RCSHC/P192. The label identifies it as being the preserved rectum of the Bishop of Durham, and we're talking about Thomas Thurlow, who was born in 1737, died in 1791. Would you like to hear the story of why it's in a jar in London on display?

turn 4 : The story titled 'rectum in a jar' has a moral to it

turn 4 : A strange story is going to be told about a preserved rectum.

turn 4 : The bishop is rectum became a museum exhibit.

turn 4 : It's implying that it resembles something old that was discarded and now returned.


Yes, thank you.

We get it.

turn 4 : A is willing to share the story of why the rectum of the Bishop of Durham is displayed in a jar.

turn 4 : The preserved rectum of the Bishop of Durham is on display at the Hunterian Museum


No. The Foreign Ministry spokesperson is not the final arbiter of all this. I think both countries do want to negotiate. The United States certainly does. And there are important actors within the Iranian political system that also do, including President Rouhani himself, who's been intrigued by the idea of negotiations with President Trump. Ultimately if they want to get out from under the sanctions, the only path out of that particular predicament is some kind of a negotiations between the two sides.

Do you think that the Trump administration is on to something when they say that a maximum pressure campaign will force Iran to the negotiating table?I mean, if you're saying Iran wants out from under these sanctions and negotiation's the way to get there, does that suggest the Trump administration is on the right track?

The maximum strategy of pressure has been tactically successful. It has put enormous pressure on Iran. It has even managed to slice Iran's oil exports - unlikely to get down to zero, but it will be close to zero. So at a tactical level, this certainly has been successful. And I think at the end of the day, it will probably press the Iranian government toward the negotiations. Now, what happens at those negotiations of course remains to be seen.

The other option is that it presses both sides to war, intentionally or unintentionally. Both sides say they don't want this. Iran's president restated that today. Do you think that war is a real risk here?

turn 1 : Iran is responding to the US's maximum pressure campaign

turn 1 : The Trump administration's strategy of maximum pressure may lead Iran to negotiate

turn 1 : The United States' policy of isolating Iran will not bring Iran back to the negotiating table by just piling on pressure until Iran collapses.

turn 1 : If the Trump administration offers to remove some of the sanctions on Iran, Iran would be willing to negotiate.


"VIC" (Member, Overeaters Anonymous): Hi.

Vic, I want to start with you, and I want to be very specific. Give me an example of a day when you completely lost control over your eating.

"VIC": It wasn't a day. It was the day before (Laughing) and that day and the next day. But anyway - OK, so I wake up in the morning, totally hung over. Dr.  Lerner - Marty - described very well, you know, having lost control. So, I wake up, I feel terrible, and the last thing I want to do, I think in my rational brain, is eat because I feel so bad. And yet, I know that if I take one bite of anything, I'll be off and running. And I'm scared. I'm really scared.

Let me just ask one thing. When you say hung over, do you mean hung over from overeating or hung…

turn 1 : It is being implied that setting out the food was a temporary fix.

turn 1 : Supported well implies that they have been eating good and surviving

turn 1 : the sugar levels to take a huge dip implies that his sugar levels decreased dramatically

turn 1 : Vic has lost control over eating in the past.


turn 1 : B wants to know about VIC's loss of control over eating

turn 1 : B uses the phrase "appetite for leftovers" to ask whether Kevin, who presumably works in the food industry, would want to eat any leftover food on that day. However, the actual meaning of the phrase is more general and refers to a lack of desire to eat food that has already been cooked or served before.


turn 2 : It is being implied that setting out the food was a temporary fix.

turn 2 : Breakfast is going to be a serious problem

turn 2 : An antidote is a cure for all disease which is funny that an antidote can make the fatigue from eating Thanksgiving disappear.

turn 2 : Despite feeling terrible, Vic has a compulsion to eat.

turn 2 : the sugar levels to take a huge dip implies that his sugar levels decreased dramatically


turn 2 : VIC lost control over eating for multiple days, not just one day


No, that's not my cell phone. It's the sound of our space, kind of. It's a radio signal picked up by one of NASA's Radiation Storm Belt Probes. These probes are orbiting inside Earth's radiation belts, a hazardous part of space filled with high-energy particles. And these eerie, chirping noises are called chorus. Scientists have known about them for years. Ham radio operators have listened to them. But these are the clearest recordings yet.

Here to tell us more about these chorus recordings is Craig Kletzing. He's the F.  Wendell Miller professor of physics and astronomy at the University of Iowa. He's also the principal investigator for one of the experiments on the Radiation Storm Belt Probes. Doctor Kletzing is joining us today from Iowa City. Welcome to the program.

Thanks for having me.

So before - well, let me just start with: What did we just hear?Explain it for us.

turn 0 : The radio waves can be heard by humans.

turn 0 : The speaker feels the need to perform music to feel complete.

turn 0 : The speaker assumes that the background noise suggests an emergency control headquarters

turn 0 : The sound is not from a cell phone but from a radio signal picked up by NASAs probes.

turn 0 : The speaker is not actually hearing the sound of planes, but is describing a past experience.


Yeah. So yesterday afternoon about 2 p. m. , I had actually one of our local news reporters at our paper come into my office. And he said, Anne, you have to Google Michigan chalking tires and tell me what you think. So it was a quick conversation and a phone call to our police chief to say, how do we make sure that we're compliant with it?The DDA, like many throughout the state, monitors all the parking throughout the downtown. So we currently hire a parking ambassador to monitor those spaces and make sure that people either park correctly or aren't parking over time.

And she was using the chalk method, I understand.

So yeah. What she usually does is, when she marks a car in, she marks the tire with a piece of chalk. And then she also takes down the license plate number and the time that the car checked into that lot or parking space.

Your parking ambassador who writes the tickets is a staff of one. How does this ruling affect her?

turn 1 : "And she was using the chalk method, I understand" and (3) "So yeah. What she usually does is, when she marks a car in, she marks the tire with a piece of chalk" are the turns whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings. In these turns, "the chalk method" and "marks the tire with a piece of chalk" are both idiomatic expressions that refer to the practice of using chalk to mark a parked car's tire for parking enforcement purposes.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker is hinting at something indirectly and expects the listener to read between the lines.

turn 1 : "Well, both candidates have stumped a lot in Michigan, and is either candidate getting more traction?" - This turn has a literal meaning and is also used with its actual meaning.

turn 1 : Turn (2): The speaker is implying that the person proposing marriage to a woman at the ballpark is likely to be rejected in public.


It's permissible. It's common. Popular culture has normalized cremation in a way 'cause - not only with the "Fockers" movies. There's also "The Big Lebowski. "That's famous with the cremated remains in the coffee can. And he goes to scatter them. And they come back in his face. That's based on reality. That happens. And now you can buy urns that are in the shape and with the same pattern as that coffee can if you're a "Big Lebowski" fan.

Oh. (Laughter) I'm not that big a fan. But I. . .

(Laughter).

Are there any states or cities where people are getting cremated more than others?

turn 1 : The speaker is expressing amusement at the topic being discussed.

turn 1 : (2) implies that the speaker is not enthusiastic about the topic

turn 1 : The speaker is suggesting that there may be a hidden agenda or underlying motive behind their words.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker is hinting at an underlying issue or concern that they are not comfortable discussing directly.


You know, so there is going to be several things in which we can benefit as a society.

I have about a minute left, and I'll get an idea of that cost. Let's say you have a $100,000 home. What - how much would it cost you to sink into it to do those things structurally that you're asking to do?

I think I would put in there about $5,000, which would give you hurricane ties, more anchor bolts, larger washers and metal ties between the wall plates and the studs. I would use more nails, six-inch (unintelligible), six inches on spacings, ring shank nails, and I think you have a fighting chance after that. Then you look at putting in a storm shelter, and you protect life safety, as well.

It doesn't sound like a whole lot to do. Thank you, thank you, Dr.  Prevatt, very much for your time today.

I really appreciate it, and you have a great day.

turn 1 : Living hand-to-mouth implies that you're just barely making ends meet. A subsistence standard of living with little to spare.

turn 1 :  "the aisles tilting and tumbling their baubles and trinkety treasures into her pockets" - actual meaning: the author uses figurative language to describe her stealing items from the aisles, not that the aisles actually tilt and tumble into her pockets.

turn 1 : In turn (2), the speaker acknowledges that people who own properties are more likely to benefit from property buyouts. However, the implied meaning is that the property buyout program may reinforce existing socioeconomic disparities, as people with more wealth are generally more often property owners. This suggests that the program may not be equally accessible to everyone, which is different from the literal meaning of the turn.

turn 1 : "Sink into it" is figurative. It means spend money on stuff for the house.

turn 1 : The turn that has an actual meaning different from its literal meaning is (2). The speaker is not talking about physically diving into something, but rather delving into the topic of a new class of online retailer that uses Shopify and AliExpress. The implied meaning is that the speaker has started researching and investigating this topic in depth


You've been following temporary staffing trends for more than two decades now. What sectors are relatively insulated from layoffs?

Well, the sectors that are most resilient are the higher-skill sectors, or if you can get into industries that are involved in education or health care or government. Those are the areas where you get the most bang. We're also seeing a nice increase in the mortgage-processing area, because one of the things the government's doing is lowering the conforming rate for mortgages. And so, there's kind of a rush to refinance.

When you say higher skills, are you talking about engineering, things of that sort?

Well, even within, say, clerical admin, there's always demand for good, you know, personal assistants. There's always demand for engineers or, you know, highly skilled folks. There are sometimes fewer jobs in those areas but for good people, you can get employed.

Now, geographically, where are the hot spots for temporary work?

We're seeing the best demand really around the D. C.  area. You know, Maryland, Virginia, the District of Columbia, of course the government's kind of gearing up, and there's lots of activity to, you know, take on some of these new projects. Another good area is Texas. Texas still has some residual goodwill related to energy and utilities. Beyond that, there is most of the - most every area of the country is feeling some pinch. Some of the toughest places are California, Nevada and Florida.

turn 0 : The cuts will be significant and likely affect employees.

turn 0 : The state of California is in financial trouble and may not be able to pay its employees or meet its financial obligations

turn 0 : when a company collapses, it means they went out of business.

turn 0 : The state department was loosing a great many employees.

turn 0 : The sectors are protected from having to layoff any employees.


turn 1 : They are asking what would be the best thing for the person to find.

turn 1 : Those are the areas where you get the most positive information.

turn 1 : It gives you insight of how to be a man and take care of your business and have integrity, visionary goal-setting and respect for one another.

turn 1 : The information does not boil down, but it gets to the most practical facts.

turn 1 :  implies that you should be mindful of the information you hear and stay informed.


turn 5 : People aren't spending money due to the recession.

turn 5 : The situation in Britain is similar to that in the United States, with many people showing support for the candidate.

turn 5 : Most everyone in the country is feeling that they have to cut back on spending money.

turn 5 : THERE IS A BIG CHANGE THE PEOPLE HAVE ALREADY LOST THEIR MONEY


The White House appears to have been caught off guard by the book. There seemed to have been no unified strategy in some ways. I mean, they sort of just let the president take the ball and run with it.

Yeah. Well, look. This book - this is a question that I have - and I've been unable to get an answer from the White House since Wednesday - which is, how many people in the White House cooperated with this book?How many comms staff were in interviews - these interviews that Mike Wolff supposedly had - walking into the White House, roaming around, in his words?

They say he never met with the president in the Oval Office. Michael Wolff says he does. There's a lot of confusion about how much access and how much participation the White House had with this book. So they shouldn't be caught off guard, I think, based on the level of access that Wolff appears to have. And they haven't been quite forthright about what level that is.

I talked to somebody who was interviewed who said there was a comms person, somebody in the West Wing in the White House - there was a comms person in that interview with him. How many other interviews were like that?And I think that that - we should keep that in mind when we hear sort of these calls that this is this is tabloid trash, that nobody in the White House knew what was happening or that this was all Steve Bannon.

turn 0 : The executive order signed by Trump may not be accomplishing anything new.

turn 0 : He made into the White House because of how fast information is shared.  If you take people back to a time when they did not happen no one will like it.

turn 0 : White House conducts briefings in an inappropriate way.

turn 0 : The White House had no clear plan for the book and let the president handle it alone.

turn 0 : Trump's executive order may not be achieving anything new.


Now, there are literally thousands of these kinds of cases going back through history. Some that have, you know, withstood the test of time. What are some of the most famous ones in the U. S. ?

Well, you know, there's a very long list and you know, actually a colleague and I had a five-volume set on famous American crimes and trials that I can't go over all of them. But let me just mention a few. And I want to mention one in London as well. But for example, going back to the 19th Century, the Mary Rogers case. Here in Albany, we have Jack Legs Diamond, the prohibition gangster who was killed in Albany. We have a list of the short case.

Oh, the Black Dahlia, right?That's the Black Dahlia?

Exactly.

turn 0 : implies a request for a summary of the facts of the case

turn 0 : Some of the cases from long ago are still relevant to what is happening in this day.

turn 0 : The current situation is chaotic and not following the rules of the Constitution

turn 0 : you imply that something is the case

turn 0 : The long haul is a length of time where the issue had to be dealt with.


Well, people were definitely shocked by the results, but I think a lot of people here feel like this is an exciting change, and there's a strong feeling in Israel that this is going to bring the focus back to domestic concerns, everyday concerns. A lot of people here are kind of frustrated with the big existential foreign policy questions, and that's where Yair Lapid of his new Yesh Atid, or There's a Future, Party got a lot of his support.

And he is a former television broadcaster.

He is. He was quite a celebrity here, celebrity journalist, wrote a column and then was on TV and has really a lot of name recognition, and he's got a lot of kind of personal charm. People call him the ultimate Israeli. He's part of a secular Tel Aviv bourgeoisie and very attractive and sort of speaks well, and he managed to really capitalize on the kind of middle-class centrist concerns, some of which fueled the social protest from 2001 - 2011, excuse me, that brought something like 500,000 people to the streets of Tel Aviv.

And a centrist, as you say. What does that mean in terms of Israeli politics?

turn 2 : to relate to means to like something on a personal level, that you personally can like and understand.

turn 2 : personal charm means that there is a lot to like about someone

turn 2 :  friendly.the speaker is implying that they are trying to manipulate the personality of someone to make it more

turn 2 : very enjoy am very nice feel very enjoy am very nice feel