Yeah. I think what's really interesting is that when you look at the team that won four years ago, part of why they won was that they had a very strong defense. They went 540 minutes, several games without conceding a goal, whereas this U. S.  team comes into this tournament having actually conceded a lot of goals when they play good competition.

So what the U. S.  is doing right now is kind of focusing on the attack. They have a lot of really strong attacking pieces. Players like Alex Morgan can score a lot of goals. So I think that's kind of their game plan is just outscore their opponents even if they end up conceding some goals this time around.

And we mentioned that they're battling on a number of fronts, not just on the pitch, that this lawsuit against U. S.  Soccer was filed three months ago. Can you tell us a little bit more about the underlying complaint?What is it that the players are alleging?

Yeah. So the players have filed a lawsuit alleging institutionalised gender discrimination. And there are sort of two pieces to it. The easiest piece to understand is the non-compensation issues. So it's things like the women alleging that U. S.  Soccer has been flying the men's team to games on charter flights, whereas the women have had to fly on commercial flights - having the men play most of their - almost all of their games on natural grass, whereas the women have had to play a significant portion of their games on artificial turf. And players say that artificial turf is more harsh on their bodies, harder to recover from.

turn 1 : The US has failed to achieve its goals by trying to impose its standards of democracy and governance on foreign countries.

turn 1 : The coach is confident in the team's abilities for the Olympics.

turn 1 : The U.S. team's strategy is to score more goals than their opponents, even if they also concede some.

turn 1 : This statement implies that the British are known for Soccer disruption.

turn 1 : (2) Implied Meaning: Is this the overall goal we are striving towards?


Right. So we're talking about the acting Director of National Intelligence Joseph Maguire going before the House Intelligence Committee tomorrow. Now, he's been on the job all of one month. And so far, his role has been to block the whistleblower complaint from going forward and reaching Congress. But there are signs that he doesn't necessarily agree with this position, that it's lawyers who've made him sort of take this position.

He's not a chatty guy. But last night, he issued a statement saying, I am committed to protecting whistleblowers and ensuring every complaint is handled appropriately. So that sort of statement came out of the blue. And then today, there was a report that he had threatened to resign if he was told to go before Congress and stonewall. He quickly responded and said. . .

You mean if the administration had blocked him from testifying before Congress.

Correct. Correct. And so he said that was not true. He said he didn't consider resigning. But it's certainly going to make for a very interesting day tomorrow to see what he says when he goes before the committee.

turn 1 : his is an idiomatic expression that refers to a conversation or discussion, rather than a literal act of talking with someone.

turn 1 : He may have said something offensive, but he didn't admit it.

turn 1 : It doesn't actually speak, but it it does mean that nothing good comes from the information.

turn 1 : "Not a chatty" doesn't just mean he isn't highly talkative, it means he rarely says anything. Whistleblowers, out of the blue, and stonewall are also figurative.


But you came over so young.

Yeah. I came over when I was really young. So obviously, you know, growing up in the British environment, I've absorbed a lot of their culture. You know, because it's just a natural thing. You kind of - you hang out with, you know, the local, you know, people from the U. K.  or whatever. So naturally you're going to pick up a lot of their habits and their ways, but you know, first and foremost, I always see myself as, you know, African.

And I know - well my parents never let me forget that anyway, you know, because we do - we had all the kind of culture, and just general kind of grounding, you know, installed in us at a very young age. So I've always kind of carried that with me anyway as I've progressed in life. But I always look at it as, you know, an advantage really, because I've had the privilege of experiencing, you know, my African culture in life, and, you know, I've had the opportunity of experiencing being British, and, you know, growing up in the U. K.  And now I'm, you know, experiencing kind of some of the flavors of the U. S. So I always look at it like, you know, it's a positive thing.

All right, Hilary, thanks so much.

turn 2 : More promising implies very beneficial and advantageous

turn 2 : Race is a deep-seated issue in society that cannot be easily solved

turn 2 : Being exposed to different cultures is an advantage.

turn 2 : exchange and transmitting beauty from one cultural sphere to another means it can be done differently and extraordinarily


The United Nation says it's made an agreement that will gradually release 3,000 child soldiers from an armed group in South Sudan. The children are between 11 and 17 years of age. They have spent their childhoods fighting and killing for a group called the South Sudan Democratic Army Cobra faction. Jonathan Veitch, UNICEF's South Sudan representative, says these children have been forced to do and see things that no child should ever experience. Sudan has a long history of civil war and using children for war. Only a few of the thousands of children who get captured and dragged into the conflict manage to escape. Emmanuel Jal did. He's now an actor and musician in Toronto, who had a role in last year's film "The Good Lie. "He was 8 years old when he became a child soldier.

Most of us have seen our homes burned down, have seen terrible things happen. So, I mean, I witness one of my aunt raped in our home area. And witnessing and seeing my home village burned down and then when we're told that I'm going to be given skills and a gun to fight the people who did that to my homeland, there was not much for me to be convinced.

What was life for you like as a child soldier?

It's hell seeing 6, 7 years old burying their own dead. Nobody's going to give them questions when they're beginning to ask questions. Simple questions - why are we here?Where's my mommy?That's when you get to know, like, these are children sometimes when the terrible things happen.

turn 1 : very good His words implied a threat. War implies fighting and death.

turn 1 : He made a promise that was stressed by him and gave people the impression he would do it regardless of what happens.

turn 1 : The tactics used were very dangerous and deadly to the protestors.

turn 1 : Emmanuel Jal was willing to join the army, because he wanted revenge for the people who caused harm to his home and family.

turn 1 : There is a risk of military conflict due to misunderstandings.


turn 3 : The children in the war had to face and endure many difficult and tragic things.

turn 3 : The disaster was so immense and overwhelming that it was hard to comprehend.

turn 3 : The disaster was so severe that it was impossible to save everyone, and the situation was out of control.

turn 3 : There can only be so many award winning, great movies out there for children.

turn 3 : It made the person feel sadness and it was hard for them to see.


turn 3 : In turn (4), the speaker is using understatement to describe the horrific experiences of child soldiers, emphasizing how young and innocent they are and how terrible it is for them to witness and experience such violence and trauma.

turn 3 : This turn is literal in meaning, as it is a straightforward question asking about the speaker's children.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using understatement or exaggeration to convey a message, often to emphasize a point or to add humor to a situation.

turn 3 : The literal meaning is that the speaker wants to examine the motives behind the actions of the people involved in the events. The implied meaning is that the speaker is questioning whether their mother's version of events was accurate and whether the motives behind the actions were as terrible as their mother portrayed them to be.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using a euphemism or understatement to convey a more significant or sensitive message.


And now it's letter time. Our editor Sasa Woodruff is here with me. Hey, Sasa.

Hey Farai, how's it going?

I am great. So, what are listeners filling our inbox with this week?

We got a few letters about the interview you did with Rick Warren this week. Celine Welch(ph) in Fort Worth, Texas, wrote into say she was a fan of the show, but not of the interview you did with the influential pastor.

turn 0 : B is surprised or impressed by what A just said

turn 0 : B doesn't know the answer to the question and is making a random guess

turn 0 : Sasa Woodruff is not physically present with B

turn 0 : B is asking A if he/she thought carefully before doing something.

turn 0 : B implies that A is not actively looking for something more stable.


Oh, no. No, you don't - but to who - and that's such an interesting - I love that you got right to the college dorm part of the argument, you know - are you going to let people die?No one's going to let people die. You know, there's talk about - oh, my gosh, the Trump budget cuts Meals on Wheels. Meals on Wheels gets 3 percent of its funding, approximately, from government sources. Ninety-seven percent is people want to take care of their neighbors.

I. . .

People are not going to let their neighbors die.

turn 0 : All they have is the way of life that takes place outside of buildings.

turn 0 : There is a dangerous situation happening that requires people to seek shelter and take precautions.

turn 0 : you imply that something is the case

turn 0 : Are they willing to let people die over that principle?

turn 0 : The situation is uncertain and they need to take it one step at a time


I. . .

turn 1 : The house is too crowded to have political arguments

turn 1 : They mention that the House of Representatives done everything in their power to make sure they needs are met.

turn 1 : (2) Implied meaning: Get enough votes to pass the legislation, no matter the number of votes required.

turn 1 :  Oh, no. No, you don't - but to who - and that's such an interesting - I love that you got right to the college dorm part of the argument, you know - are you going to let people die? No one's going to let people die. You know, there's talk about - oh, my gosh, the Trump budget cuts Meals on Wheels. Meals on Wheels gets 3 percent of its funding, approximately, from government sources. Ninety-seven percent is people want to take care of their neighbors.

turn 1 : Basically, when we haven't got enough money, we have to decide who's not going to get food."  The actual meaning implied in this turn is: "Essentially, when we lack sufficient funds, we need to determine which individuals will not receive food."


I. . .

turn 1 : A: "Oh, no. No, you don't - but to who - and that's such an interesting - I love that you got right to the college dorm part of the argument, you know" - Here, A is not directly responding to B's question about whether people are willing to let others die over a principle. Instead, A seems to be expressing surprise or disagreement with something else that B said or implied. The literal meaning of A's words does not match their actual meaning, which is more like "I don't agree with what you just said, but it's interesting that you brought up that aspect of the argument."

turn 1 : A is not fully agreeing with B's statement

turn 1 : B disagrees with the premise of the question but is willing to discuss it further.

turn 1 : B believes that the topic being discussed is not important.

turn 1 : In this context, B's response "You love them" is not meant to convey a literal understanding of A's statement, but rather a sarcastic or skeptical response. B is implying that they do not share the same level of enthusiasm for whatever A is referring to. Therefore, the actual meaning of B's response is different from its literal meaning.


I. . .

turn 3 : (4) Implied meaning: The speaker is not afraid of going out of their apartment; instead, they are motivated by their desire to bring positivity to their community and recognize the potential of the people in poverty-stricken neighborhoods.

turn 3 : A: "People are not going to let their neighbors die." - Here, A is making a general statement that people are unlikely to allow their neighbors to die, regardless of the specific context of the conversation. The literal meaning of A's words does not match their actual meaning, which is more like "I don't believe that people will let others die, and I want to emphasize that point."

turn 3 : (3) The literal meaning of this turn is that A failed to protect others, but the actual meaning is that A was only concerned with protecting themselves.

turn 3 : The speaker is implying that their protests might elevate beyond peaceful methods if they don't get what they think they deserve.

turn 3 : Implicates that the speaker is willing to sacrifice certain moral values for the sake of saving lives.


Yesterday, we reported on the U. N.  Security Council meeting that took place on Friday. The topic was Kashmir. It seems like there was not really a consensus on how to move forward on this issue. Did you have a sense of how the residents of Kashmir would like - what role they would like the international community to play in this conflict, if any?

I think that a majority of Kashmiris are really, really tired of the violence. Many, many years ago, there had been a lot of hopes on Pakistan. But I think that hope is gone. Once the ban on communication is lifted, when Internet is restored, many are expecting to see a few - at least a few clashes between protesters and Indian security forces in Kashmir.

That's journalist Rahul Pandita. He was kind of to join us from Delhi.

Rahul, thank you so much for speaking with us about your reporting.

turn 1 : The literal meaning of the turn is asking why they want to cause violence, but the implied meaning is asking why they find violence appealing or attractive.

turn 1 : being tired of something means that you are annoyed or mad at something. People are getting annoyed of violence, or mad at the violence.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: People are feeling resentment and anger towards people who think they don't have to follow the same rules as everyone else.

turn 1 : so this was a cry for civility, not I'm sick and tired and can't take it anymore?

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker is expressing a sense of frustration or dissatisfaction with a situation or person, without explicitly stating it.


turn 2 : that the people don't want any more violence and want it to stop

turn 2 : People are starting to follow suit in regards to the actions of others.

turn 2 : The goal of the provocative activity is to create division and unrest between opposing groups

turn 2 : The key point is made to make people want to learn more about what happened.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: Do people have to keep going despite the danger in the conflict?


You know, it hurts them both because many of the voters just don't understand how this can be happening. They know the president wants it. They know the Senate majority wants it or says it wants it. But the Senate just can't muster even half its votes to do it, and they can't bring all the Republicans to bear on it. So something is not right. Either the mojo of the president isn't working or the mechanism of the Senate is not working, and to some degree, both are true.

Is there any reason why Democrats now might want to sign on to any kind of bipartisan health care effort when their own plan has been saved?

Yes, absolutely. The Democrats need to go forward with some kind of bipartisan solution because there are many real problems with the execution and the administration of Obamacare. Now, Patty Murray, the senator from Washington state, has been working with Tennessee's Lamar Alexander in the Senate. And he's a Republican. He's the chairman of one of the committees that's relevant here.

And, of course, a lot of the Democrats are aware of these shortfalls. And there are counties with only one insurance company and counties where it's not clear there are going to be any insurance companies. And some of that's been overblown, but there are real problems. And, of course, any bill, any large program, any law needs to be revisited and amended, and the parties need to get together to do that.

turn 1 : (2) Implied meaning: Is there any incentive for Democrats to cooperate with Republicans on health care reform now that they have been successful in preserving the original?

turn 1 : Is there any worry among Republican leaders and legislators about the low approval ratings of the Republican health care proposals?

turn 1 : Democrats are usually in favor of reform while Republicans are not.

turn 1 :  implies that the Democrats should not become complacent with their current demographics and should focus on further outreach

turn 1 : Republican lawmakers recognize that not taking action on health care would have negative political consequences.


turn 1 : The implied meaning of this turn is that Democrats might not be interested in a bipartisan effort since their own plan has been successful.

turn 1 :  This turn actually means that people should not expect to "love" Donald Trump as the Republican nominee, but should come together as a party to face the challenges that lie ahead.

turn 1 : (2) The implication of this turn is that Kerry is trying to get the two sides to agree to a transition government that will not include either of them, despite their protests and desires.

turn 1 : the democrats did everything they could to make it look bipartisan.


It's a common misconception that there is some sort of missing server from the DNC hack, but it's not true. The hack involved 140 cloud-based servers, and they were all decommissioned in 2016. There was no single server that was, you know, stolen in the dead of night and smuggled to the Ukraine or something. This was based on a fundamental misunderstanding of both the technology involved and the firm involved. And trying to make sense of it is almost impossible because it's not really a logical idea.

What's remarkable about the president referring to the DNC hack of 2016 and a 2019 call to a foreign leader?

I think it just goes to show you how much he, like the rest of us, is stuck in this social media feedback loop that started with that election.

What do you mean by that?

turn 2 : When you read the social media post, what did you think?

turn 2 : He and the rest of us keep reading the same things over and over on social media.

turn 2 : A believes that George Bush would want to avoid political discussions and focus on a more positive conversation.

turn 2 : (3) Suggests that Donald Trump is insecure about his intelligence.


Duane, why don't you describe to us some of the work that you did with actual cases when you were at the California Department of Justice?I mean, what was your job, literally and physically?

Literally, I went to the scene of the crime. I was often the one who collected all the evidence. I also did photography of the crime scene. I did not do fingerprints. There was usually a technician who did that. Back at the laboratory, I would take all that evidence that I collected and inventoried, and I would begin a systematic investigation of that.

As an example, one case in the middle of my career was a triple homicide, and it was a great case from the physical-evidence standpoint. There was bullets. There was blood. There was saliva on cigarette butts. There was hair. There was soil. And I got to basically do it all. And what was really interesting is I presented all these evidence to the jury, laid out a scenario for the crime.

And during the time I was testifying, the defendant called his girlfriend and confessed the crime to her, and then threatened her with death if she ever talked. Well, five minutes later, she called the DA and told the DA about the confession. And she came in to testify at that point, and what she testified to was basically what I had testified to from the physical-evidence standpoint.

turn 0 : None of the turns in this conversation have implied meanings different from their literal meanings.

turn 0 : None of the turns in this conversation have a figurative or non-literal meaning. They are all meant to be taken at face value as a straightforward question and answer about the speaker's job and experience with criminal investigations.

turn 0 : All the turns in this conversation appear to have their literal meanings, and there are no metaphors, figurative language or idioms used.


turn 1 : The turn in (2) is a figurative expression and its actual meaning is different from its literal meaning.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using metaphors or analogies to convey a complex idea or emotion in a more relatable or understandable way.

turn 1 : The turn "Literally, I went to the scene of the crime" is meant to be taken at face value as a statement about the speaker physically going to the location where a crime was committed. There is no figurative or non-literal meaning to this turn.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using a metaphor or analogy to convey a deeper meaning or idea, often related to emotions or personal experiences.

turn 1 : All the turns in this conversation appear to have their literal meanings, and there are no metaphors, figurative language or idioms used.


turn 2 : None of the turns in this conversation have a figurative or non-literal meaning.

turn 2 : None of the turns in this statement have a figurative or non-literal meaning. The speaker is describing a specific case they worked on and their role in collecting and analyzing physical evidence related to the crime.

turn 2 : None of the words or phrases in this turn have a figurative meaning. It is a straightforward statement about the print media in North Korea continuing to praise the leader, despite his absence, and how his father had also disappeared from public view at times.


turn 3 : None of the turns in this statement have a figurative or non-literal meaning. The speaker is describing a situation where a defendant in a criminal trial confessed to the crime during the speaker's testimony, and the defendant's girlfriend later corroborated the speaker's testimony with her own testimony.

turn 3 : None of the turns in this conversation have a figurative or non-literal meaning.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker's selection of a seemingly insignificant turn may be interpreted as an attempt to change the subject or redirect the conversation, potentially indicating discomfort or disinterest in the current topic.


There's lots of things, one that says who you are speak so loudly I can't hear what you say. Or St.  Thomas Aquinas who said everywhere you go preach the gospel, but only sometimes use words. Or even Ghandi who said be the change you want to see in the world. I just want to live my values the best that I can, and if I want to be a leader I want to lead more by example than just my words. So our biggest issue is public safety so I'm very lucky to have some great detectives who are with me all the time, and you know they are going to be with me, and they are cops, let me take them out with me in the middle of the night into our streets where the residents, I think, want me to be.

Well, Mayor Booker so glad you could talk again. Thank you.

Thank you so much, all the best.

That was Cory Booker, elected Mayor of Newark, New Jersey in 2006.

turn 0 : - to say that Booker has chosen for himself a nearly impossible task implies that he has set himself a difficult challenge which will require a great deal of effort and determination to succeed.

turn 0 : when something is spearheaded it means it is lead by

turn 0 :  to ask if Booker has a political future outside of Newark implies that he may have ambitions beyond his current role as mayor of the city.

turn 0 : Mayor Booker prioritizes actions over words as a leader.


An impression, that's an interesting question there. And certainly, you talked about that room I was in, it was certainly interesting for me to be standing in there quite literally in the middle of this room surrounded by all these heads of state from around Africa. But I quite literally - I mean, the journalist in you kicks in - I'm there certainly covering it, but it kicks in and I made a beeline, I absolutely did, when I laid eyes on him. I went right over to him and certainly was curious to get an impression of him. But as soon as he determined and as soon as he understood who I was and what I was probably going to be asking him, his whole demeanor kind of changed.

He was there - and certainly, the Leo Sullivan Foundation and the Sullivan Summit is something you - it's not supposed to necessarily be political. And a lot of these heads of state agree to participate because - they are, they're looking for the betterment of that particular country that they're in. And it's all really something we're all supposed to get together and celebrate and try to help, and not supposed to really be a political undertone to any of it. So, I wasn't trying to create that, but still the journalist in me wanted to ask him some questions about what has been happening in Sudan, and certainly the Darfur region. But I never got that opportunity.

Sounds like he shut it down a little bit.

He shut it down like you wouldn't believe.

turn 0 : kicked around means people are talking about it quite frequently

turn 0 : "the journalist in you kicks in" - This is an idiom that means the person's journalistic instincts or tendencies took over, rather than a literal physical action of someone kicking.

turn 0 : implies that the speaker was advocating for themselves to be violently punished,

turn 0 : In turn (1), the speaker implies that the big local newspaper was a point of pride and reflection for the community, despite the hostility towards it.

turn 0 : All the turns in this conversation appear to have their literal meanings, and there are no metaphors, figurative language or idioms used.


turn 2 : his is an idiomatic expression that refers to a conversation or discussion, rather than a literal act of talking with someone.

turn 2 : "shut it down" - This is an idiom that means he stopped the conversation, rather than literally shutting something down like turning off a machine.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be subtly implying that they are not interested in continuing a conversation or that they would prefer to end the discussion.

turn 2 : When this person says "shut up" they are expressing surprise and happiness, not hostility.

turn 2 : A is starting a conversation and B is interrupting with a short response.


I am honored to be the district attorney of Brooklyn. But with respect to wrongful conviction cases, I have inherited a mess. I am currently investigating over 100 claims of wrongful convictions. Those numbers are staggering. And that's why I created the conviction review unit, and was able to convince a very prominent, well-respected law professor, Ron Sullivan, who's a law professor at Harvard Law School, to come down to Brooklyn and run my unit.

How do you go to the family of a victim of the original crime and tell them that the person or persons they thought killed their loved one didn't?

That was the hardest thing I had to do to. To sit down with the Blenner family and to let them know that the two defendants whom they believed for 29 years were responsible for the abduction, robbery and murder of their son and brother were wrongfully convicted was extremely difficult. And I pledged to them that I would do all I could to pursue the leads that we do have because we have leads to try to hold the people who killed him responsible.

How does a conviction review unit go about the business of looking at so many cases?

turn 1 : That's his argument. He says it's uncomfortable but these questions need to be asked, otherwise powerful people can get away with terrible things."  Implicated meaning: The speaker acknowledges that the questions being proposed might cause discomfort, but they are necessary to prevent powerful individuals from evading consequences for their atrocious deeds. Without asking these challenging questions, there is a risk of enabling the privileged to escape accountability for their actions.

turn 1 : example of a rhetorical question, which is used to make a point rather than to actually seek an answer.

turn 1 : "How do you interpret what's going on in the administration around this very sensitive and consequential issue?" This question is not asking for a literal interpretation of what is happening but rather a more analytical and critical evaluation of the situation.

turn 1 : (2) B's question is a rhetorical question meant to express the difficulty and emotional burden of having to inform a victim's family that the conviction was wrongful, rather than seeking a direct answer.


turn 2 : (4) is a straightforward denial of B's implied meaning, and does not carry any additional implied meanings beyond that.

turn 2 : The implied meaning is that A is inquiring about the details surrounding B's special person.

turn 2 : This statement from the passage implies the emotional impact of racism on the person of color and the discomfort and guilt experienced by the white person.

turn 2 : (3) A's statement implies the emotional weight of telling the Blenner family about the wrongful conviction, rather than a literal description of the physical act of sitting down with them.


I got a glance over the weekend, and the sky was beautifully blue. I mean, really, it was wonderful. And the air pollution index for that day was exceedingly low. Also, it was like 17. That's lowest since I've been keeping track.

This, I think, has to do with changes in weather patterns that appeared to start somewhere in the first week of August. The arrival of rainfall and winds from the northeast and form the northwest, which would bring in cleaner air, and in particular lack of strong winds from the south that would bring up the heavy levels of pollution.

Yet, you've said earlier that the air pollution in Beijing mostly blows in from elsewhere. So these steps that the city officials have taken in recent months with changing traffic patterns and closing factories, really, that's not a factor here?

Well, you know, I've been looking at the day they very carefully tried to decide what is really going on this summer. We know that the controls did something. It's just that I, at least, am unable to pick out their effects in the data so far.

turn 0 : to look for something in this context means they are trying to see if something will happen

turn 0 : to approach someone with something in this context means you are showing them something

turn 0 : "caught our attention" means that something drew our interest, not that it physically grabbed us.

turn 0 : "got a glance" means "saw briefly" rather than "obtained a glance"

turn 0 : when something is made clear in this context it means that it is explained so people understand


turn 1 : The rainfall from the hurricane varies depending on location

turn 1 : blue day implies a rainy and cloudy day.

turn 1 : The implied meaning of (3) is to encourage people to learn and understand the connection between the hurricanes, tornadoes and other natural disasters, without relying on someone else to do it for them.

turn 1 : "arrival of rainfall and winds" means "occurrence of rainfall and winds" rather than "the act of arriving of rainfall and winds"


turn 2 :  "blows in from elsewhere" means "originates from other regions" rather than "physically blows in from other regions"

turn 2 : "blowing away" in line 2 - The phrase "blowing away" is being used metaphorically here to refer to the Tampa Bay Lightning's dominant performance against their opponents, rather than literal blowing.

turn 2 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer


turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be suggesting that there are some hidden or unknown factors that could influence the situation being discussed.

turn 3 : "unable to pick out their effects" means "unable to distinguish their effects" rather than "physically pick out their effects"

turn 3 : something that was hinted at or suggested, but not directly stated. When a person looks at his watch


When we lose sight of the importance of our Constitution and upholding our systems of justice, then we slide a little bit - not to sound dramatic, but we slide a little closer to anarchy. We in the criminal justice field have a moral, ethical and legal responsibility to uphold our systems of justice. And that's for the victims. I frankly don't really care about Jeffrey Epstein. But I care about our systems of justice, and these kinds of things just can't happen.

That's Cameron Lindsay. He's a former warden at three federal facilities, and he's been in top leadership posts and numerous others.

Mr.  Lindsay, thanks so much for talking to us today.

Thank you very much, ma'am.

turn 0 : We do not physically slide closer to anarchy - this is a metaphor

turn 0 : A is advocating for social and political change.

turn 0 : A implies that the process of political maneuvering can be absurd and comical to an outside observer.

turn 0 : The current situation is chaotic and not following the rules of the Constitution

turn 0 : America thought it could make the world better by force


Well, it's a really interesting response. I mean, she didn't say that she didn't do it. She claimed someone had been hacking her Instagram account, but she was very upset, that she was pregnant and she was seeking legal advice.

Give me a little bit of a sense of how big a story this is in Britain today.

It's the story that everybody needs right now, and it appears that people just can't or won't think of anything else. You've got some of the most serious political journalists in the country joking that maybe we could get Coleen Rooney into No. 10 where the prime minister lives in order to work out who's leaking the Brexit stories that are dominating the front-page headlines. But, honestly, it's just been the respite we've all been hoping for. It's been pouring with rain and sort of doom and gloom in the headlines, and sometimes you just need a little bit of cheer. That's the tea from here.

That is Elizabeth Paton, European style reporter for The New York Times based in London. Elizabeth Paton, thank you.

turn 0 : She might have discovered the illegal activity Rudy Giuliani was conducting.

turn 0 : came out implies she revealed publicly that she is gay

turn 0 : It is expected that your online privacy will be compromised.

turn 0 : She probably did not literally say "OK" etc. The implication is simply that she thought these types of things and decided to act upon them.

turn 0 : She claimed someone was obtaining illegal access to her Instagram account.


turn 2 : The story is a happy one that is also distracting and the people have been feeling sad so they need the story to make them happy again.

turn 2 : The story is emotional and difficult to hear.

turn 2 : It affected the young people's emotions when they saw what happened.

turn 2 : The story is not wild but interesting or exciting.


In the book, you describe what could be seen as a very mundane moment. Stax's owner, Jim Stewart, seated at a small desk in a small office. And across from him at the same desk is a man named Al Bell. I'd like you to read just a little bit for us.

(Reading) Jim was white. Al was black. Jim owns Stax Records. Al was joining the staff to promote the records - get them played, get them sold. It was 1965 in Memphis, Tennessee, the heart of the American South. Throughout this wide region, race mixing was nothing short of an assault on the social realm. Inside Stax Records, whites and blacks had worked side by side for half a decade. People who couldn't publicly dine together were making beautiful music that the public - black and white - loved to hear.

There was a core group that became kind of a house band.

Booker T and the MGs.

turn 1 : The speaker is sarcastic about the so-called 'racial moment'

turn 1 :  "Frankly, they kind of overdo it, you know? So for blacks to support Obama, he's got to make up his mind. Is he African or American? Because he can't be both. That doesn't make sense." The literal meaning of this turn is that Obama cannot be both African and American, and that it is difficult for black people to support him. However, the actual meaning is that there is a sense of confusion and identity crisis regarding Obama's background, and that this confusion affects how some black people feel about him.

turn 1 : The second turn implies that Jim and Al working together at the same desk was an act of defiance against the racial norms of the time.

turn 1 : (2) The literal meaning of this turn is that A made a stand against the colleague, but the actual meaning is that A had the power to stand up for others but didn't.


Look. The president attaches himself personally to stories. In terms of numbers, he touts a lot of numbers there. We tend to forget that even under Obama, three American hostages were returned from North Korea. Hostages from Iran returned. There were a lot of them. Except that never before had the president personalized it.

That's Mickey Bergman, vice president of the Richardson Center for Global Engagement. He was kind enough to join us here in our studios in Washington, D. C.

Mr.  Bergman, thank you for joining us.

Thank you very much.

turn 0 : The U.S. government has a policy of not paying ransom for hostages or making concessions for political prisoners.

turn 0 : The President is taking credit for returning hostages, despite it not being solely his doing.

turn 0 : The president is trying to prioritize the needs of those who have been forgotten by society.

turn 0 : The president may be lying about not being informed


Mr.  Bergman, thank you for joining us.

Thank you very much.

turn 2 : joining us implies being part of a program or activity and not referring to mixing or attaching people together

turn 2 : joining us implies being part of an activity and not being to mix up

turn 2 : joining us implies being a part or a participant


Oh yes.

I just wonder if you have any thoughts about that, seeing the kind of presence of film versus what digital does nowadays.

We were shooting slides, chromes. So, it's easier to do these things, but you still need the eye, you need the reflexes, you really have to have a compositional sense. So, the expression is everyone is a photographer. Well, it does take a professional. I have to admit.

Michael Philip Manheim, the photographer, joining us from member station WBUR in Boston. Thanks so much for being with us.

turn 2 : Although the person was not a paid photographer, they were heavily involved in a political campaign and took photos for personal interest. They would like to be a paid photographer for these clients in the future.

turn 2 : "Well, it does take a professional" - the actual meaning here is that not everyone can be a good photographer, even with the advancements in technology. The speaker is contradicting the expression "everyone is a photographer" and emphasizing the importance of having a professional eye and compositional sense.

turn 2 : The speaker feels he has reached the height of his professional career by performing in a certain venue

turn 2 : "This is a fascinating piece of history and just to put this into some perspective, another Hasselblad camera that's sort of the direct lineage of this camera - that was said to have flown to the moon - sold earlier this year for nearly a million dollars." - Actual meaning


Well, he risks alienating immigration hard-liners. But that's not necessarily the same category as Republicans. Immigration restrictionists have been some of Donald Trump's strongest supporters, whether you're talking about breitbart. com or Ann Coulter, Laura Ingraham.

But some in that same sort of populist conservative media base - some Fox News figures, Rush Limbaugh - have actually been supportive. And many Republicans in Congress support this policy. Immigration is a very tricky issue. There's a reason that the last two presidents, Republican and Democrat, have tried very hard to reform the immigration system and failed.

However, you know, the irony is you have the House speaker, Paul Ryan, for example, coming out and saying, well, this isn't up to the president. This is up to Congress. And they're sort of irked that they've been left out, the congressional Republican leadership. But the irony is this is a thing they want to do. They do want to protect the DREAMers. And they do want to, even the Republicans, many of them - want to pass some kind of immigration reform.

I want to ask you a quick question. Before we move on, Hillary Clinton is on book tour. I like what I've read of the book. It's not a on-the-one-hand-this, on-the-one-hand-that kind of memoir. Are there political repercussions from anything that she said?

turn 2 : The House Republicans have conflicting views on illegal immigration and the border wall, making it difficult to reach a deal.

turn 2 : The irony is that even though congressional Republican leadership may be opposed to Donald Trump's immigration policy, they still ultimately want to pass some kind of immigration reform.

turn 2 : President Trump's immigration policy may have hurt Republican's midterm election results

turn 2 : There is doubt whether the Congress will be able to come up with a comprehensive solution for all the issues and it may require multiple attempts


Good morning, Renee.

First, that citizenship question. In just a matter of days, it's been on, it's been off. Now the president says he wants it on again. What's going on there?

The Supreme Court said last month, you could have it but only with good justification. And the Supreme Court has ruled before that the census is supposed to count everyone and not just citizens, as it has always. Then, the president said yesterday he had four or five ways that he could get this question back on. But executive orders, which were one of the ways he mentioned, do not supersede court orders. So the president is still going to have to have something that pleases the court.

And yesterday, a federal judge in Maryland ordered further discovery in this case, meaning people from Commerce and the Justice Department are going to have to answer questions about this question, where it came from. And yesterday, in court, the lawyers for the administration admitted that, at this point, they don't know what to say.

The president has also been tweeting about another big story, the conditions at Border Patrol detention centers. Yesterday, he said many of the migrants held there were - and I'm quoting - "living far better now than they were where they came from and in safer conditions. "I mean, that's not what a report from the Department of Homeland Security's own Office of the Inspector General said this week. It - that report warned about dangerous overcrowding and prolonged detention without proper food or hygiene or laundry facilities - very big difference.

turn 1 : The Trump administration has taken several steps that have made it harder for military members to get citizenship

turn 1 : Military members are facing challenges getting citizenship under Trump administration

turn 1 : The UK government has removed citizenship from some people.

turn 1 : The citizenship question has been a topic of confusion and inconsistency.


Good morning, Renee.

turn 2 : Pleases the court could mean "good enough for the court" or something like that.

turn 2 : It is being implied that it will be difficult to proceed to court.

turn 2 : Case is a legal judgement that will take place before a judge.

turn 2 : Implies that the judge believes that the shooting was done out of self-defense, even though others may say differently.

turn 2 :  The actual meaning of this turn is that professional athletes should take advantage of the opportunities they have and make the most of them, because they may not get the same opportunity again.


Good morning, Renee.

turn 3 : The administration is unsure of how to defend their stance on the citizenship question.

turn 3 : The Trump administration has taken several steps that have made it harder for military members to get citizenship

turn 3 : A needs the help of USCIS and DOD to save their life.

turn 3 : The UK government has removed citizenship from some people.


There's been a lot of outrage. The thing is there's only a finite amount of money. It's not limitless. So that is true for federal aid, state aid and university aid. So money that is going to these families who would not otherwise be eligible for it means that that's money that is not going to a student who really needs it. In Illinois, for example, last year, there were 82,000 students who were eligible for the state grant who did not get it because the state ran out of money.

Have you heard from federal aid officials?Has anyone weighed in on this?

So I think the Department of Education is now aware of it. The state financial aid folks are aware of it. The universities are on alert now. I think they will be looking closely at financial aid applications from students who mark that they are in a legal guardianship. But keep in mind, there are students that really are in that situation. So you don't want there to be so many restrictions that it becomes harder for those students to get the aid.

That's Jodi Cohen, reporter at ProPublica.

turn 2 : to weight in on something means to give an opinion on something

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker is making a subtle suggestion or insinuation that others may pick up on, but without being too direct or forceful.

turn 2 : Actual meaning: B is challenging A's position and implying that it is morally questionable. Literal meaning: B is asking A if they want to align themselves with people who cut 3 percent from the Meals on Wheels budget.


Oh, you're welcome. Thanks for having me.

And we should explain your district is one of the ones affected by the flooding.

It absolutely is. We know it's not good but the city rallies around itself and does what it needs to do.

turn 3 : (4), when B says "Let me ask you about the recall, senator. What do you think happened?" the actual meaning is not just a request for information, but also an implication that the senator may have some responsibility or involvement in the recall.

turn 3 : the literal meaning implies that B is asking for forgiveness from the Senator. However, the implied meaning is that B wants to interject or interrupt the conversation, acknowledging the potential interruption in a polite manner.

turn 3 : The actual meaning of the turn in (3) is that if the Senate only performs a ritual of asking hard questions without any intention to actually vet the judges, then declining to do that ritual is an important signal.

turn 3 : In (4), the speaker asks if the other person can recall a scene that accurately portrays suspects' behavior when questioned by the police. The implied meaning is that the speaker is interested in finding examples of suspects speaking to the police despite having the right to remain silent, possibly to better understand the phenomenon.


I did not detect that in Putin's three-hour press conference. I did not see him saying we need to open up a second front in our confrontation with the West. I actually saw hints of him looking for a deal, hints of him wanting to be more conciliatory vis-a-vis the West. And so I didn't detect that, you know, we're in the corner and we're going to lash out. It was more conciliatory for Putin. I want to emphasize that.

Yeah. At some level, is this what American policy wanted?

At the beginning of the Obama administration - when I joined the government - this is exactly what we didn't want. We wanted a cooperative relation with the Russians that would be good for the United States, good for Russia.

turn 3 : Russia here refers to or implies a prison

turn 3 : The turn that has an implied meaning different from its literal meaning is (4): "So do Russians of means put all their money into London townhouses now?" This question is likely not asking for a direct answer about the financial habits of wealthy Russians, but rather implies a criticism of the practice of using London real estate as a means of hiding or laundering money. The speaker may be implying that this practice is unethical or unfair.

turn 3 : Well, that raises another question.So, did you take some top-secret operation and just thinly fictionalize it to this book and, you know, are... The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker is asking if the author took a real, top-secret operation and used it as the basis of their fictional book, and whether it might be recognizable to Russian agents.

turn 3 : They mean that this is not a small way of being associated with Russia.

turn 3 : implies asking for an opinion on Russia's ambitions.


Seems that this year, more Americans are making their electoral preferences known from the hereafter. Katie Falzone is vice president for operations at Legacy. com. They host obituaries for newspapers and funeral homes. She joins us now from the studios of WBEZ in Chicago, where, of course, deceased Americans can always vote. Thanks very much for being with us, Ms.  Falzone.

Thank you, Scott.

So has this really stepped up this election year.

It definitely has. I recently pulled some numbers from our site and found, you know, over the course of the past few election cycles, we've seen a huge increase. So the first year I looked at was comparing June to June numbers for the 2003-2004. We only had five references to political candidates in obituaries. This year, 119.

turn 1 : The candidate had something troubling in their past.

turn 1 : This implies that this presidential race is unique and different from previous ones, possibly due to the diversity of candidates and the amount of news value it has.

turn 1 :  (3) Will American voters these days - and donors and journalists, for that matter - let a public figure change in public the way Robert Kennedy did?

turn 1 : The increase in references to political candidates in obituaries suggests that more Americans are making their electoral preferences known from beyond the grave.

turn 1 : "demographics" implies a deeper analysis of voting patterns beyond just simple demographics like age, race, and gender.


Thank you, Scott.

turn 2 : suggests that the Democratic Party must put forth a more persuasive and powerful economic message to win more elections

turn 2 : This implies that A's decision to decline his reelection has a personal reason and not all for political reason.

turn 2 : The increased number of references to political candidates in obituaries suggests that more Americans are making their preferences known from the afterlife this election year.

turn 2 : People are uncertain about their vote in this election, and are hesitant to support either the Republican or Democratic candidate.

turn 2 :  (3) Will American voters these days - and donors and journalists, for that matter - let a public figure change in public the way Robert Kennedy did?


Thank you, Scott.

turn 3 : "It's a trend we've seen" is a statement about a trend, not a literal description of what the speaker has seen.

turn 3 :  can be interpreted as a way to ask for an explanation for the sudden increase in homicides, not just a question about what has happened.

turn 3 : The implied meaning of this turn is that there is a large number of progressive candidates running in the runoff election, and Mayor Emanuel's political action committee is trying to reduce their numbers.

turn 3 : "But generally, the average of the reputable polls has been showing Obama steadily in front since about mid-June and picking up some momentum in the last two or three weeks." - This turn has a literal meaning and is also used with its actual meaning.

turn 3 : (4) "we've seen a huge increase" - The implied meaning here is that there has been a significant increase in the number of political references in obituaries on the website Legacy.com over the past few election cycles. The literal meaning is simply that there has been an increase.


Yeah, kicking out all the intelligence officers, which we believe. . .

. . . And shutting their consulates.

(Unintelligible) their consulates, and we got rid of most of them. And we've seen a significant reduction in their intelligence collection here in the U. S. So the consulates were home base for that, and I think for the first time. . .

Not to get hung up on the numbers, but. . .

turn 0 : The state department was loosing a great many employees.

turn 0 : She wrote an article asking if the police were not doing their jobs as well as they should have.

turn 0 : The behavior was unacceptable to what the people would accept.

turn 0 : The prosecutors collaborated with the supervisor to manipulate the system.

turn 0 : The officers were fired from their jobs abruptly and not allowed to fraternize with the people that stayed.


They have been evacuated. It tossed these trailer homes like tin cans. And there was one woman that said that she had turned in early and felt her bed bouncing. And she was evacuated and is staying elsewhere now.

The flooding - this is not restricted to just this small part of the state. This is the whole state of Oklahoma that's going through this. Is that right?

Yeah, 25% of the state has had at least 14 inches of water in the last 30 days. And if you look at towns in northeast Oklahoma like Skiatook - they've had 21 1/2 inches, Nowata 23 inches. It's just crazy. And this is all coming to a head in Tulsa along the Arkansas River.

And what exactly is happening in Tulsa?

turn 0 : The hurricane caused severe destruction and devastation in the area.

turn 0 : The trailer homes were severely damaged due to the tornado and people were forced to evacuate.

turn 0 : The tornadoes did not actually hit but touched down in the areas.

turn 0 : The forecast for the tornado warning was exactly right for the place and time it issued it.

turn 0 : People in some communities refuse to evacuate despite being warned of floods and tornadoes.


And what exactly is happening in Tulsa?

turn 1 : The scale of the flooding is massive and poses a serious threat to infrastructure and public safety.

turn 1 : The flooding has affected the whole state of Oklahoma, not just a small part.

turn 1 : The flooding is so severe that familiar landmarks are unrecognizable.

turn 1 : The levees are old and may not be able to withstand the water, causing people to evacuate.


And what exactly is happening in Tulsa?

turn 2 : The rainfall from the hurricane varies depending on location

turn 2 : The scale of the flooding is massive and poses a serious threat to infrastructure and public safety.

turn 2 : The flooding is so severe that familiar landmarks are unrecognizable.

turn 2 : Biblical proportions of rain were a contributing factor, but the failure of the dam was ultimately due to poor engineering.

turn 2 : Many towns in northeast Oklahoma have received excessive rainfall causing severe flooding in Tulsa along the Arkansas River.


Being an African-American police officer is one of the most difficult things that you'll do because there are African-American police officers all around this country and in this city who I talk to on a daily bases that, even before recent history, believe that there were issues between police officers and young black men. And one of the things that I think creates the problem - I've heard the word utilized a lot in describing the relationship - is that African-American men and particularly young men - say late teens to early-to-mid-30s - are - the word used is demonized.

And there are black officers that you talk to on a daily basis who will tell you that it's tough. I see this, and I still have to be accepted. I still have to be a part of the police culture, living in two worlds.

But I'll say that if you're a black police officer in America, there are some difficulties simply because you know that your race and gender has been on the receiving end of some very serious and questionable uses of force, whether they be deadly or just plain force used to make an arrest. So it is seen as something that - a burden that we carry as African-American men who also work in police profession.

Lieutenant Thomas Glover is president of the Black Police Association of Greater Dallas. Lieutenant Glover, thank you very much.

turn 0 : Turn (1) has an implicated meaning that is different from its literal meaning. Although the speaker denies that the remarks were racially motivated, the implication is that the speaker believes they were in fact racially motivated, and is trying to downplay or avoid addressing that implication.

turn 0 : The literal meaning of turn (2) is a question asking what the speaker can add to the race that other candidates do not already have. However, the actual meaning is that the speaker is being challenged to prove their value and justify their entry into the race. The literal meaning of the turn does not reflect the underlying challenge and skepticism expressed by the speaker.

turn 0 : The implied meaning in turn (2) is that the author created the book out of a desire to educate young black people about their cultural history, which they may not have learned from mainstream media sources such as hip-hop videos.

turn 0 : (1) Turn A: The implied meaning is that being an African-American police officer is particularly challenging because of the negative perceptions and biases that exist towards young black men, and that this can create tension and difficulties in relationships between police officers and the communities they serve.

turn 0 : (1) The implied meaning is that the speaker has encountered some subtle differences in language between American and British audiences while performing, which has been challenging but also rewarding.


turn 2 : (3) Turn A: The implied meaning is that being a black police officer in America can be difficult because of the historical and ongoing use of excessive force against people of color, which can make it hard to reconcile one's identity as a black person with one's role as a police officer

turn 2 : The implied meaning in turn (2) is that the author created the book out of a desire to educate young black people about their cultural history, which they may not have learned from mainstream media sources such as hip-hop videos.

turn 2 : The literal meaning of turn (2) is a question asking what the speaker can add to the race that other candidates do not already have. However, the actual meaning is that the speaker is being challenged to prove their value and justify their entry into the race. The literal meaning of the turn does not reflect the underlying challenge and skepticism expressed by the speaker.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker might be implying a hidden agenda or ulterior motive behind their words, actions, or decisions, without making it explicit.


turn 3 : The actual meaning of the turn in (3) is to express gratitude and appreciation to Robert Groves for his time. The literal meaning of the turn is to thank Robert Groves for being present with them.

turn 3 : (2) implies admiration and admiration of the business while (4) implies gratitude and appreciation for Stanley Clarke's time.

turn 3 : (4) Turn B: The literal and implied meaning are the same, which is a simple expression of gratitude towards Lieutenant Glover for his role as the president of the Black Police Association of Greater Dallas.

turn 3 :  (4) is an expression of surprise. The implied meaning is an expression of admiration.


What Bonnie Raitt song, may I ask?

O'NEILL: "I Can't Make You Love Me. "

(Singing) Here in the dark, in these final hours, I will lay down my heart and I'll feel the power. . .

Kate O'Neill, who wrote about her sister, Maddie Linsenmeir in the Vermont Weekly Seven Days, thank you so much for being with us.

turn 1 : The song title is "I Can't Make You Love Me"

turn 1 : The song 'Love and Trust' was written by Ben Harper for Mavis Staples

turn 1 : The singer is not actually asking someone to show them the way home but rather expressing their loneliness and desperation due to feeling lost and without direction.

turn 1 : The song It's Real addresses a serious issue.

turn 1 : The music in the beginning sounded like rap to me, which is a form of music that has a strong focus on rhythm and poetic lyrics.


What Bonnie Raitt song, may I ask?

O'NEILL: "I Can't Make You Love Me. "

turn 1 : The artist prioritizes conveying emotion over lyrics in their music

turn 1 : The speaker is mentioning a song that reflects their current emotions.

turn 1 : What matters is how the song makes a person feels and how it sounds.

turn 1 : The speaker is implying that the song was inspired by wanting to write a stereotypical country song about heartbreak and the wife leaving


What Bonnie Raitt song, may I ask?

O'NEILL: "I Can't Make You Love Me. "

turn 2 : The speaker is emotionally moved by the lyrics of the song.

turn 2 : What matters is how the song makes a person feels and how it sounds.

turn 2 : The person singing the song is rebellious and the listener can relate to it

turn 2 : The turn suggests that the speaker is feeling frustrated and overwhelmed.

turn 2 : The speaker is implying that the song was inspired by wanting to write a stereotypical country song about heartbreak and the wife leaving


I do. Did you have to do a lot of reporting?

I did a lot of research. Of course, I'd - as I said, I went to see the monarchs and what that looks like. But I also did a lot of scientific research. I did - I read pretty much everything there is to be read about monarch butterfly migration, monarch parasites, monarch science. I've got all those journals on my desk in giant piles.

And I also - I sought out and gained the friendship of a very great scientist, Dr.  Lincoln Brower, who knows more about monarchs than anyone on the planet. And Dr.  Brower and his wife Dr.  Linda Fink were very helpful to me. You can imagine when I went to them to talk about this idea that I have some trepidation to go to a scientist and say, well, OK. I know that the species that you know everything about have never done this, but what if it did?You know, I didn't know if they. . .

Yeah. I can imagine.

turn 1 : People of all ages can make good friends regardless of their stage in life

turn 1 : gained the friendship implies making connection and meeting new people

turn 1 : build bridges implies engaging in good human relationship and connections

turn 1 : As a teenager, A was seeking connection and intimacy with others

turn 1 : "the nature of friendship and how you navigate fundamental differences with people" is not meant to be taken literally, but rather as a metaphorical way of describing the dynamics of a complex relationship.


I was going to ask you about that. The Senate has changed hands, but they have a few weeks. Sometimes the president does get lame-duck nominations.

It's possible. The White House is telling me they're not going to push or jam her through. They think Loretta Lynch is so noncontroversial that there is a chance the Senate will take her up in the next few weeks before the Christmas holiday. But more likely, they could start the process with Democrats in control. Pat Leahy, the chairman of the Judiciary Committee now, a Democrat from Vermont, could start the process. And then the nomination would continue into the new Congress. That's what happened with the John Ashcroft nomination to lead the Justice Department in the Bush years.

Well, now, as we note, she's not the first woman to head the Justice Department. That was Janet Reno in the Clinton Administration. Is she going to be the same kind of figure that Janet Reno was?Janet Reno was very separate from President Clinton, unlike most attorneys general.

Well, this is an important point, Linda, because the White House says she's going to be apolitical and independent. The current attorney general, Eric Holder, who's vowed to stay on until Lynch is confirmed as his successor, has really been a political lightning rod. And Lynch is more going to a steward.

turn 3 :  The White House is suggesting that Lynch will be a passive "steward" of the Department, in contrast to Holder's more active approach.

turn 3 :  implies that something else is going on behind the scenes that is not typical of director changes, (3) implies that the Obama-era appointee was trying to protect the agency in an unconventional way, and (4) implies that the White House is attempting to justify their side of the argument by citing the law.

turn 3 : The implied meaning of this turn is that other members of the White House may seek legal counsel in light of President Trump's actions.

turn 3 : Implies that the speaker would like to see further reforms beyond what is suggested by Speaker Ryan.

turn 3 : A: "He's going to make sure that happens." - The literal meaning is that Senator Chuck Grassley will ensure a thorough vetting of Lynch's nomination. The actual meaning is that Grassley may put obstacles in the way of Lynch's confirmation.


So Beijing has basically made an offer to the people of Hong Kong that if they're willing to give up on dreams of greater democracy, they can be part of China's amazing economic rise, and they have offered them more integration with the kind of boom cities on the other side of the border in the mainland. The problem is that again and again and very dramatically over this extradition bill, the people of Hong Kong have said, no. They do not want that trade off. They actually are willing to protest and fight hard to maintain those freedoms that they still have.

So it's not even as though these protesters in Hong Kong are fighting for additional freedom. They're just saying we want to keep things the way they are. We don't want to see an erosion of the freedoms we do have.

That's right. I think it's important to be realistic. I mean, this has been an absolutely extraordinary - at times, very moving - protest by over a million people - overwhelmingly peaceful, very civic-minded, lots of different generations coming together. That's a fantastic thing and utterly unthinkable where I'm sitting in Beijing on the mainland - could never happen. But they are not about to get more democracy. They're not even about to get more freedoms. This is a defensive set of protests to keep what they have.

Interesting that you point out this would be very, very unlikely to happen in China. It makes me wonder, do the protests in Hong Kong pose any threat to China's leadership, to President Xi Jinping, to the Chinese Communist Party?Are they worried about this?

turn 0 : The people of Hong Kong are not willing to trade their freedom for economic growth offered by China's government.

turn 0 : China wants Hong Kong to focus on making money and ignore politics

turn 0 : The Hong Kong people are more determined this time and the young people are actively participating in politics

turn 0 : The Hong Kong government is ignoring public opinions.

turn 0 : Chinese people face restrictions on moving their capital out of the country


turn 1 : There is censorship in China preventing access to information about Hong Kong protests

turn 1 : The Hong Kong people are more determined this time and the young people are actively participating in politics

turn 1 : The protesters in Hong Kong are fighting to maintain their current level of freedom, not to gain more freedom.

turn 1 : The Hong Kong government is ignoring public opinions.


turn 2 : The Hong Kong government is ignoring public opinions.

turn 2 : The Hong Kong people are more determined this time and the young people are actively participating in politics

turn 2 : There is censorship in China preventing access to information about Hong Kong protests

turn 2 : The protests in Hong Kong are not about gaining more democracy or freedom, but rather to protect what they currently have.

turn 2 : Hong Kong's autonomy is being gradually eroded before the 2047 deadline


He was not playing with you, huh?

He was not playing with me. I wasn't playing with him either. I love him so much. He is such a beautiful spirit. He actually - he's writing what I've been saying in all my life. But he has - all songwriters have a different twist, and I like Ben's. I tell you, I like it a lot.

Let me play one, the first track on the album. It's called "Change. "

(Singing) Finger's on the trigger around here. Finger's on the trigger around here. Bullets flying, mothers crying. We've got to change around here. Get it straight. Be sure that you hear. Thing's going to change around here.

It seems like you had a good time with this song.

turn 3 : Lyrics Born has come a long way from his humble beginnings.

turn 3 : The lyrics to the song imply the person working as a guard is in a very similar position to the person who is incarcerated

turn 3 :  "And the thing is - and this is so beautiful - is that when you get to watch lives change...And that occupied my entire day."  The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker has overcome addiction and now enjoys helping others in a similar position, which is incredibly fulfilling. They used to be preoccupied with obtaining drugs, but now their focus has shifted to improving the lives of others.

turn 3 : The person singing the song is rebellious and the listener can relate to it

turn 3 : The lyrics of the song call for change in the society


Well, on our blog, Dan Jones wrote, I was glad to be a witness to history being made, even if it was slightly marred by Hillary Clinton's refusal to read the writing on the wall and get out of the race. And Glenda Fraser wrote, it was America's moment, period. The big Obama story on our blog up to this point was his decision to leave his church, the United Church of Christ in Chicago. And on that, there was no consensus among our readers.

Now, we also started a new online series featuring submissions from our political contributors. So what's that?

It's called Political Positions, and each week, one of our regular political contributors weighs in with their take on the week's news. We started with a piece from Mark Sawyer about John McCain's stance on relations with Cuba, followed that with an open letter to Barack Obama written by Ron Walters about how to handle the white working-class vote, and now, we have a piece from James L.  Taylor parsing the support among black and white voters for Hillary Clinton and Barack Obama. So some interesting perspectives that people should take time out to read.

Of course, Ron was just on our air.

turn 3 : on air implies to participate in a radio program and not meaning to physically hang in the air

turn 3 : B appreciation implies that the correspondent was live on air

turn 3 : The literal meaning of turn (4) is that B is interrupting A to introduce the radio program they are both on, "SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR," and to announce their names. However, the implied meaning is that B is politely interrupting A to take over as the host of the radio program.

turn 3 : WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News." The literal meaning of this turn is that the person is informing the listener that they are currently listening to a radio program called WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. The implied meaning, however, is that this is a standard closing statement for the radio program, and it is used to signal the end of the program. It does not literally mean that the listener is currently listening to the program, as the turn can be heard at the end of every episode.

turn 3 : The literal meaning of B's statement is that the radio program "Marketplace" will be airing soon. The implied meaning could be that B is transitioning to a different topic or segment of the radio program, or that the program has come to an end.


That question is, what is the most disloyal dog breed?

I have some issues with the premise of that one, but let's get to your answer, first of all.

Well, this question is going to have to remain unanswered to a certain extent. No one really knows. And the problem is there are plenty of researchers out there who are studying the personalities of dogs, but none of them evaluate any kind of personality trait called loyalty, or anything like that.

It's a bit subjective.

turn 1 : B believes that the topic being discussed is not important.

turn 1 : B disagrees with the premise of the question but is willing to discuss it further.

turn 1 : A is not fully agreeing with B's statement

turn 1 : B wants A to explain what makes the agreement better

turn 1 : It implies that A believe and understand what B means to a large extent.


But not far behind is the idea which really threatens the foreign service that has served this country pretty well over the years - that senior diplomats should be part of that political agenda. And if they don't, they have to get out of the way. Their careers will be curtailed. And a lot of these people, you know, are now serving at research institutes and universities around town because they are not being used. And that, therefore, is the message that it looks like they are sending.

So play ball or get out.

Play ball or get out. And then to find out on top of that the president is willing to disparage you and threaten, you know, things that might be coming your way; and on top of that, it now appears that the secretary of state was listening in on that call and, rather than defending his people, said nothing and did nothing and pretended like nothing happened and looked like he's part of it. And, you know, it takes a long time to build up an organization like this, but it can be destroyed very quickly. And I'm afraid that that's the direction in which we're going.

Philip Gordon, thank you so much for sharing your perspective.

turn 1 : Members should be held accountable for the decisions they make in office

turn 1 : They think it does make the government look bad to the public.

turn 1 : The government is not providing strong leadership, which is causing dissatisfaction among the people.

turn 1 : The people should obey their leaders or lose their jobs.

turn 1 : They are worried about any negative consequences of their actions and will fix them quickly.


So essentially, it's because we've designed the car around a typical male body. So the most commonly used car crash test dummy is based on the fiftieth percentile male, and that is too tall and too heavy. It doesn't account for things like the differences between male and female pelvises. Women often don't sit in what's called the standard seating position. They have to sit much further forward in order for their legs to be able to reach the pedals. And we haven't developed a seatbelt to account for pregnancy. So there were basically just all these ways that we have designed a car to ignore female bodies.

This isn't a conspiracy. This isn't people wanting women to die. No one wants their mum to get into a car and be in much more danger than they are. So the only way I think you can really explain it is this incredibly pervasive cultural bias that we just don't realize that we're forgetting women. We just don't notice it.

One of the things that I found interesting in your book, among many, is that obviously, data in the modern world is so important. We have quantum computers shaping all sorts of things in our life. But if the data is faulty that is being fed into these computers, then it could have an enormous impact on the algorithms that deal with so many things.

Yeah. I mean, that is a huge concern. You know, I have no confidence that the tech community really has a handle on how male-biased the data is upon which they are training their supposedly objective algorithms.

turn 3 : The information was told to others when it was not supposed to be told.

turn 3 : Their notion is to do as much as you can and don't think about the numbers too much.

turn 3 :  implies that you should be mindful of the information you hear and stay informed.

turn 3 : They are just beginning and working with the first part of the data.

turn 3 : There is no handle, just an understanding of the data being male biased.


. . . the French press is hard to nail because there's. . .

Yeah.

. . . so many variables that are outside of your control.

Right. Right. And it's our Video Pick of the Week up there on our website, and it's beautiful animation.

turn 0 : The French coffee machine that presses beans is hard to understand.

turn 0 : It's a video about what to use to make coffee with your coffee bean grounds.

turn 0 : It is a dive into drinking the espresso, taking a chance by drinking it.

turn 0 : eating machines implies to eat too much and hardly get satisfied or filled

turn 0 : (1) is the same as its literal meaning, which is explaining the decision-making process behind cutting rations in a situation where there is a shortage of aid.


Diddley was also known for his signature rectangular guitar. Over his lifetime, he was honored with many, many awards. In 2004, Rolling Stone magazine ranked him 20th on their list of 100 most influential artists of all time.

He was admitted to the hospital last May with a stroke and had a heart attack last August. He died today of heart failure at age 79 in his home in Archer, Florida.

(Singing) Now I'm a man, Made 21, You know, baby We can have a lot of fun. I'm a man.

That's our show for today. Thank you for sharing your time with us. To listen to the show or subscribe to our podcast, visit our website, nprnewsandnotes. org. To join the conversation or sign up for our newsletter, visit our blog at nprnewsandviews. org. News & Notes was created by NPR News and the African-American Public Radio Consortium.

turn 2 : B may not be a man and likely didn't just turn 21. B is singing a Bo Diddley song in honor of his death.

turn 2 : This implies the days of humble beginning of Bo Diddley in the music industry.

turn 2 :  B implies that the character A is old or elderly.

turn 2 : B pursued music and activities outside of his grandparents' house and church.


Hi.

Why are these talks in Norway so significant?

So he's been concentrating on his campaign to oust Maduro. Step by step, you know, he unified the opposition. He mobilized sometimes huge crowds. He secured that recognition internationally. And the U. S.  backed him up with sanctions that have been really - have really hit the Maduro government hard.

turn 2 : Well, for a long time, Juan Guaido has been saying that he's not interested in talking to Maduro. He doesn't recognize Maduro as Venezuela's legitimate president, arguing that the election that returned Maduro to a second term last year was a fraud.  The literal meaning of this turn is straightforward - Juan Guaido has publicly stated his unwillingness to hold talks with Maduro and does not consider him to be the legitimate president of Venezuela. However, the implied meaning of this turn is more complex and includes the political context of the situation, such as the ongoing power struggle in Venezuela and the efforts of Guaido and his supporters to remove Maduro from power.

turn 2 : The literal meaning is discussing the possibility of Maduro's government detaining Guaido, but the implied meaning is that Guaido is confident in his own safety and that Maduro's government is unstable.

turn 2 : "one of that government's last mistakes" - This is a figurative expression, meaning that detaining Guaido would have serious consequences for Maduro's government, potentially leading to its downfall.

turn 2 : The speaker believes that all possible solutions should be considered in order to address the Venezuela crisis.

turn 2 : Venezuela's situation is dire due to falling oil prices and governmental mismanagement.


Well, I think it's been a historical thing. It's not a new thing. Mental illness has always been a mystery. And in ancient times, it was considered to be some kind of supernatural phenomenon, demon possession. In the modern era, meaning the beginning of the 19th century, there was an effort to consider mental disorders as illnesses. But then when researchers attempted to see what the pathology of the illness was in individuals who, when they were living, were ill - when it came to mental illnesses, they couldn't find anything. And I think then what happened is that in the desperation of psychiatrists who, by and large, were the custodians of asylums - as an alternative, people sought treatments, but the treatments turned out to be in retrospect pretty barbaric. And it's only really been in the last 50 years that psychiatry has established a scientific foundation for itself and developed treatments that truly work beyond a shadow of a doubt and are safe. But the lulled attitudes still persists.

Yeah. No name is bigger still, in a way, than Sigmund Freud. What did he get right, and what do we now know was not as helpful?

Well, Freud is undisputedly a towering figure and the most famous person in the history of psychiatry. And in the absence of any scientific theory of mental illness, he introduced concepts that were completely novel to civilization and endure today as valid and have really been given new life in the context of cognitive neuroscience.

What did he get wrong?

turn 1 : big name implies being very successful and wealthy

turn 1 : The actual meaning of turn (2) is different from its literal meaning. While the literal meaning refers to the painful methods that psychiatry has used in the past to cure people, the implicated meaning is that psychiatry has a history of questionable and even harmful practices, which have affected people's trust in the field.

turn 1 : "writ large" - This phrase means "on a large scale" or "as a general principle," rather than referring to something that is physically written in large letters.

turn 1 : "No name is bigger still, in a way" - This phrase is not meant to be taken literally. It means that Sigmund Freud's influence is still significant and widely recognized in the field of psychiatry.


What did he get wrong?

turn 2 : The actual meaning of turn (2) is different from its literal meaning. While the literal meaning refers to the painful methods that psychiatry has used in the past to cure people, the implicated meaning is that psychiatry has a history of questionable and even harmful practices, which have affected people's trust in the field.

turn 2 : "father of American psychiatry" - This is a figurative expression that refers to Dr. Benjamin Rush's significant contributions to the field of psychiatry. It does not mean that he was literally the biological father of psychiatry in America.

turn 2 :  "he introduced concepts that were completely novel to civilization and endure today as valid" - This phrase is not meant to be taken literally. It means that Freud's theories and concepts were groundbreaking and still have relevance and influence today, not that they are literally the only valid concepts in the field of psychiatry.

turn 2 : His views of the world were oppressive and unfair, requiring certain people to be subjected to physical and mental hardships.


Yes, it's a primate. It's actually one of the largest monkey species there are. I'm not sure if you're familiar with Rafiki from the movie "Lion King?"Rafiki is a mandrill. They have extremely colorful noses and rumps, and like I said, they're one of the largest monkey species.

Do the animals get something special to eat considering it's Thanksgiving?

Keepers that are responsible for the day-to-day care of the animals do make some special treats for the animals. For example, our gorillas, on a daily basis, they get sweet potatoes, and on Thanksgiving, they may add some nutmeg or cinnamon to the sweet potatoes to make it kind of reminiscent of being home with family on the holidays.

Barb Webber is working today at Disney's Animal Kingdom. Happy Thanksgiving, Barb, to you and your animal friends.

turn 0 : The speaker is referring to different sizes of primates.

turn 0 : Despite our racial differences, we are all genetically African.

turn 0 : The speaker is using the mouse as a model to study Beatrice's genetic condition and potentially find treatments for it.

turn 0 : Rafiki is not a person but a mandrill monkey species

turn 0 : The name 'gorilla' was not related to gorillas at all.


turn 2 : It is important to taste the food to ensure proper seasoning

turn 2 : Breakfast is going to be a serious problem

turn 2 : Adding nutmeg or cinnamon to sweet potatoes is similar to being home with family on the holidays

turn 2 : It's important to emphasize not to put raw food in the same container

turn 2 : A suggests using rum and bourbon for the recipe


Right. So there are a number of animal indicators that people look at when trying to predict winter weather, and those mostly fall in the category of folklore. In other words, there aren't any studies which demonstrate any true relationship between animal behavior or, for example, acorn/squirrel behavior prior to winter and how harsh a winter it's going to be. One of the favorites is the wooly caterpillar. And there are those who say the brown segment in the middle of that caterpillar, if it's wide, it's going to be warm. If it's narrow, it's going to be cold. And that's a long-standing folklore, but there's really no established scientific literature which validates those sorts of predictions.

Myth busted here on SCIENCE FRIDAY. Thanks for joining us today, Jason Samenow.

You bet. It was a pleasure. Thank you.

Jason Samenow is the chief meteorologist for the Capital Weather Gang at The Washington Post.

turn 0 : Extreme weather swings are happening more often due to climate change

turn 0 : The idea of climate change is not new but our understanding of it has improved.

turn 0 : Understanding climate change is not just about seeing, but also about perception.

turn 0 : There is no scientific evidence to support the belief that certain animal behaviors can predict winter weather

turn 0 : The weather models obtain information from the satellites.


Now, how does Ukraine come in?

It's very confusing, but let's see what I can do here. So on the Internet, things move really fast. It's like a huge game of telephone. So once this firm caught the attention of the far-right online, they discovered that it was owned by a Russian American man who had previously done some work for a think tank called the Atlantic Council. It's a D. C. -based think tank, sort of works alongside NATO. And it's a pretty innocuous place. It does research on misinformation and digital warfare, things like that.

And there's a Ukrainian oligarch who was on one of the advisory boards for the Atlantic Council. And it seems somewhere along the line, the Ukrainian oligarch became the owner of CrowdStrike. This is not true, of course. But when things are moving so fast online, facts start to combine together, and it becomes very confusing.

So the idea is people who are on the far-right, conspiracy theorists, went looking for a connection, went looking to say, who are these CrowdStrike guys?And once they do enough looking, they're able to find a Ukrainian oligarch who they say, aha, this is the connection. So what about this server that the president implied was somehow in Ukraine?I mean, he - on this call talked to Ukraine's leader and brought up CrowdStrike. What would he be looking for?

turn 1 : The internet had a large amount of cites where they was mentioned

turn 1 : Implies that there could be a specific reason for capitalizing the internet, beyond simply being new, such as the fact that to many people, the internet is seen as a place.

turn 1 :  implies a respectful and inquisitive inquiry into how Professor Dredge uses social media to make predictions.

turn 1 : This implies that in the age of the internet, it's more important than ever to focus on the subject of authenticity because it's difficult to distinguish between true and false information.

turn 1 : Information on the internet is passed from person to person quickly. The man did some work for an organization where people think of solutions to problems.


Now, how does Ukraine come in?

turn 2 : People are starting to follow suit in regards to the actions of others.

turn 2 : Somewhere along the process of the situation forming he becmae owner of Crowdstrike.

turn 2 : an agent of change is someone who speaks up for change

turn 2 : This statement implies that the situation is unpredictable and confusing for many people.

turn 2 : A is willing to support the campaign in any way he can


It could be. But there is nowhere for the new justices, the Trump justices, Brett Kavanaugh and Neil Gorsuch, to hide. They're going to have to say more than they said at their confirmation hearings, and that's why it's critical. And it is likely that both of them differ from the swing justice of the last 15 years, Anthony Kennedy.

So DACA is another controversial issue. In November, the court's also going to consider whether President Trump can end the DACA program that shields immigrants brought to the United States as children from deportation. It's my understanding that the court isn't going to rule on whether the law itself is legal. So what's the issue here?

The issue is executive power. The issue is to what extent the Trump administration could reverse the executive action taken by Barack Obama and whether the Trump administration followed the correct procedures. So it will be read by the public as a key ruling on a Trump policy. And therefore, it's important.

And so finally, let's turn our focus to the coming week. The court is going to hear three cases related to workplace discrimination on Tuesday. And basically, the question for the court is whether the Civil Rights Act applies to gay and transgender people in the workplace. Is that the crux of the issue?

Correct. And it's a question of statutory construction - whether Title VII, passed decades ago by Congress to apply to discrimination based on sex, should also be read to apply to sexual orientation. This is the first time several of these justices are going to weigh in on gay rights.

turn 0 : The hearing could have an impact on the Supreme Court ruling.

turn 0 : It implies that the judicial system is at jeopardy.

turn 0 : The Supreme Court is perceived as a partisan institution despite their efforts to appear apolitical.

turn 0 : The justices can not avoid being questioned and they are different from the justice who sided with both political parties.

turn 0 : The court may not intervene in executive legislative disputes.


turn 4 : The question is whether the Court will redo the case of Roe v. Wade and change the outcome of it.

turn 4 : It's getting harder to make people believe that the Supreme Court is not political.

turn 4 : The justices will give their opinions on certain issues for the first time.

turn 4 : The supreme court has a great many decisions to make on cases.


Many of the smartest people in the world, the most engaged people in the world are also linguistically colorful, and sometimes you have to. . . .

Backtrack a bit. On that note, have you called the senator or spoken with the senator since. . . ?

I spoke with his staff. Our friendship remains intact and I do not want anything that was said in any guise to distract from his message and our support for his campaign.

Now during the '84 campaign you called New York "Hymietown" while speaking with a black Washington Post reporter, and you got a lot of heat for that. So, this I understand occurred when you spoke when you thought a mike was closed. So what have you learned about interacting with us in the media from all this stuff?

turn 0 : linguistically colorful implies being very good or bright in linguistic

turn 0 : The criticism is by some that are offended by the langauge.

turn 0 : "multicolored" is a figurative language that means it was not just one racial group that supported Barack Obama.

turn 0 : when something is made clear in this context it means that it is explained so people understand

turn 0 : a fair look implies being favorable or positively minded about something


Confrontation between the two sides is always a risk. And there has been military confrontation between the United States and the Islamic Republic since the conception of the Islamic Republic, whether it was takeover of the American embassy, whether it was the bombing of the Marine barracks in Lebanon and, most recently, of course in terms of targeting American military personnel in Iraq. So that's the reality of the situation - that United States and Iran have always coexisted in a measure of a low-intensity conflict. However, both sides have always walked back from the brink in terms of total war, and I suspect it will be that way in this case as well.

So who blinks to get the two sides to the negotiating table, given that the rhetoric has been increasing; the violence has increased over the last month?How do they get out of this cycle?

Well, they were both heading toward the negotiations, and I think for the Iranians, a certain narrative of success was being established that could have served as a prelude to negotiations. Now comes again a series of American sanctions and Iranian responses.

Both sides at some point will get to their narrative of success. Iranians will suggest that they have withstood the American pressure and, therefore, they're prepared to talk. And the president has always been willing to talk without any conditions at any time. Then the Trump administration will also suggest that their policy of maximum pressure works. So at one point, when both sides declare victory, that's usually a prelude to the talks.

turn 2 : The turn that has a figurative meaning is turn (4), where the speaker uses the phrase "remind us of your story" to mean "tell us about your experience with this issue". The literal meaning of "remind us of your story" would be asking the person to recall a previous narrative they had shared.

turn 2 : 3) is the same as its literal meaning, which is asking for information about the number of stories typically received by the literary magazine.

turn 2 : The literal meaning: The speaker mentions that they discuss this as a significant starting point or origin for the book. The implied meaning: The speaker suggests that this event plays a crucial role in shaping the themes or direction of the book.

turn 2 :  "narrative of success" is a phrase that means a story or interpretation of events that presents oneself or one's country in a positive light. It does not refer to a literal story or book.


turn 3 : the literal meaning is that the Army is making ongoing efforts to improve its suicide prevention programs. However, the actual meaning is that the Army is acknowledging the problem of suicide in the military and attempting to address it, but it may not have been successful in preventing all cases of suicide.

turn 3 : Plan A" - The literal meaning of Plan A is the primary plan or strategy for achieving a particular goal. However, in this context, it implies the shared strategy of both campaigns to win the first four states and avoid personnel shortages, indicating the high stakes of the early primary elections.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: Is there any indication of what will happen next in the conflict?

turn 3 : "Democrats are hungry for a victory" - This turn has a figurative meaning as the word "hungry" is used metaphorically to convey the strong desire for success, rather than a physical hunger for food.

turn 3 : "declare victory" is an idiom that means to claim success, even if it is not a complete victory. It does not mean to officially declare victory in a war.


Interestingly, you get 100,000 dollars worth of insurance. After that, you would either have to move - you would really have to move to a different bank. Now, there may be a provision for pension funds, and that's a little bit different. But by and large, 100,000 dollars, if it's all in the name of the same company, is your limit.

So if you're concerned about that, you might want to spread out your bank holdings a little bit. You might want to put, you know, your payroll in one bank and your savings in another bank, and that would cover - you'd then get 100,000 dollars at each institution.

Here's a question that's similar to one that I asked you in our earlier segment. It comes from Rae Ann Albus Hunt(ph), who wants to know if any bank is safe these days. She's just starting her retirement planning and wants to know where she should invest her money.

Sure. Well, the answer is is that, yeah, you know, by and large, most banks are safe, and I think you really do have to trust the government guarantee.

turn 0 : There is a sense of panic in the financial system and central banks are the only ones willing to finance the banking sector.

turn 0 : When you hand out money quickly with no regulations people will spend it on things that are not needed.

turn 0 : Handing out money quickly without good contract terms and mechanisms to follow the money will lead to waste, fraud, and corruption

turn 0 : People tend to trust larger banks more than smaller banks and leave more money uninsured in larger banks.

turn 0 : Having all your money in one bank is risky.