Our hope is that the cessation of violence is imperative if there is to be some semblance of normalcy in the election. If this rate of violence continues, then certainly there is no way we can have a free and fair election. We are hoping that when the various delegations of observers start arriving, we may see a decline into these violent activities of the regime and these rogue elements.

You have worked now with MTV to do PSAs that call for a free and fair election. Why did you decide to work with MTV on this?

Well, you know that the background actually started as some form of informal contact, then it developed into a contact with Dispatch group. So Dispatch, which is a youthful band, staged this concert on Zimbabwe. And we are now - I was in New York, I had a meeting with them, and that's how our relationship has developed.

Do you think that global youth, people not just in Zimbabwe, but, you know, in all the different places around the world that, for example, might plug in to public service announcement like this, or just people who are young and are listening to music and, you know, going online for their news, do you think that they can help advocate for the free and fair elections in Zimbabwe?

turn 0 : The government rigged the election and caused violence.

turn 0 : If the violence doesn't stop, the election won't be fair

turn 0 : A is concerned about the possibility of violent conflict with no other options.

turn 0 : The protest has been peaceful despite potential for violence.

turn 0 : There is a problem with gun violence in America.


turn 3 : 'focusing on the young people so involved' implies young people have a significant role in the election

turn 3 : Young people globally can advocate for free and fair elections

turn 3 : The audience of the site is willing to support the campaign when needed

turn 3 : Helping young people achieve their goals gives them confidence to take on the world


And the damage that has been done and that has been wrought does not appear to be facing any kind of true reconciliation or any kind of true reckoning. There's a lack of justice. There's a lack of accountability. And there's the presence of an incredible amount of impunity.

Well, take me into Syria. What are people feeling there now after these eight long years?

You know, it really depends on where you're situated and how you're situated. And a lot of Syrians are now outside of Syria. I, myself, haven't been back since 2013.

I think people right now are in a place of absolute exhaustion, whether they're, you know, see themselves as amongst the victors or not. It took an incredible toll. And the death and the destruction, as you've noted, is incredible.

turn 0 : wounds implies negative impact and not a physical wounds on something or somebody

turn 0 : you imply that something is the case

turn 0 : There is a dangerous situation happening that requires people to seek shelter and take precautions.

turn 0 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer

turn 0 : The damage itself can not face anything. The cause of the damage, the person or people are what is meant here.


turn 1 : The person was not actually taken to Syria, they were just told what was going on there.

turn 1 : He does not go into Syria, just told what is happening there.

turn 1 : Not all citizens from Syria will be accepted back.

turn 1 : The Syrian regime has been in power for a long time, and there is a possibility that Bashar will outlast Trump.


So, number one, the Web site made a drastic change and a tremendous shift. It opened up transparency. It put a lot of ways for individuals to feel that they could be more empowered to have better access or a direct access, almost like an open Internet door to the administration. Number two, they looked to hire a chief technology officer for the administration, which has been done. They've actually checked that off of their list and that has never been a position within the White House to that level before.

And then, number three, I would say actually the stimulus package, you know, coming through with $7. 2 billion being placed specifically for broadband access in rural areas. Those are three key things - oh, and the fourth thing would be, actually redoing - re-upgrading rather the systems within the White House. Internet connectivity was extremely - is extremely slow there. Outdated computers, viruses, just issues with just the infrastructure of technology that was there left by the previous administration.

You know, that was going to be my next question because I understood as the new administration staff took their offices in the White House, what they found were computers that were - I suppose outdated and very slow and. . .

Yeah.

Not nearly as technologically advance that you would expect from the White House.

turn 0 : The president is trying to prioritize the needs of those who have been forgotten by society.

turn 0 : The chaos in the White House is providing a lot of news content for journalists to cover.

turn 0 : is asking how intelligence agencies have changed in response to Edward Snowden and WikiLeaks hacking

turn 0 : "The Trump administration, or at least the president, has expressed doubt in the CIA's conclusion, and President Trump has previously criticized the U.S. intelligence establishment.

turn 0 : The new administration has made efforts to increase transparency and accessibility through their website.2. The new administration has made technological advancements in the White House infrastructure and staff.


Yeah.

turn 1 : The government could acquire loans and make changes more easily.

turn 1 : The new administration has made efforts to increase access to broadband in rural areas. The White House infrastructure and technology were outdated and in need of upgrades.

turn 1 : There is a serious need for public transportation in the region.

turn 1 : The unemployment rate has dramatically increased in various metropolitan areas.

turn 1 : Interagency communication is not improved to be better than before 9/11.


Yeah, yeah. Hopefully, you know?So whereas in America, you know, you sort of smoothed the edges and you've just put, you know, you've put makeup on. That's what you've done. We're still in the very, you know, you still see all of our imperfections. Whereas in America you try to put a lot of makeup, but the imperfections are still there. And I find that that's the most interesting thing for me.

The changes that we've seen in South Africa over those 17 years are little short of phenomenal.

Yes. It's been amazing. It was a bloodless revolution, you know, because the difference has been - in America, black people have been fighting for their freedom and for their identity and so on, but as a minority. In South Africa, you had a white majority rule, ruling over — I mean, this is Africa. This is the home of black. It was the black factory. So I mean this is, you know, it was a very different story and never before has there been a bloodless revolution in Africa.

Is there much of a tradition of comedy in South Africa, particularly tweaking the powers that be?You don't think of John Vorster. . .

turn 0 : The speaker is acknowledging the wealth of their country and how they have been living in luxury, but now they feel like beggars due to the sudden change in their circumstances.

turn 0 : (1) The implied meaning is that the speaker has encountered some subtle differences in language between American and British audiences while performing, which has been challenging but also rewarding.

turn 0 : The speaker wants to address the negative views towards immigrants in America and reject white nationalism and xenophobia

turn 0 : Implied meaning: The speaker is indirectly suggesting that they may have information or opinions that they are hesitant to share openly.

turn 0 : The speaker is pointing out the cultural differences between America and their country, where America tends to cover up imperfections while their country embraces them. Implicated meaning: The speaker values authenticity and honesty over superficial appearances.


turn 1 : Implies that the event was of great significance

turn 1 : Implies that the situation is incredible and shocking, rather than simply saying that it is amazing.

turn 1 : Turn (2) implies that the speaker has no opinion on the subject but is interested in hearing the opinions of others and is marveling at the idea of how much can change in 40 years.

turn 1 : The speaker is expressing amazement at the significant changes that have occurred in South Africa over the past 17 years. Implicated meaning: The speaker believes that the changes in South Africa have been remarkable and noteworthy.

turn 1 : (2) is different from its literal meaning. While the speaker is describing the history of their literary magazine and how they started accepting submissions, the implied meaning is that the magazine has been successful and has been accepting submissions for a long time.


turn 2 : The speaker believes that the current state of affairs in America is bleak and lacking in resources and opportunities for most people, regardless of their race.

turn 2 : In turn (3), Habib Koite talks about Africa as a continent that wants to change something and how everyone needs to think about giving the best future and hope to the young in Africa. The literal meaning of the turn is clear, but the implied meaning is that Habib Koite is advocating for a better future for Africa and its people, which is not explicitly stated in the turn.

turn 2 : The speaker believes that the country needs to move past the legacy of slavery and racism to make progress. The reference to Martin Luther King Jr. suggests that the speaker believes in King's philosophy of non-violent protest and advocacy for civil rights.

turn 2 : The speaker is contrasting the peaceful transition to democracy in South Africa with the ongoing struggles of black people in America to achieve equality. Implicated meaning: The speaker is highlighting the unique historical context of South Africa's transition to democracy and the significance of the peaceful transition.

turn 2 : The speaker believes that America is currently not living up to its potential and wants a leader who can bring the country back to a place of pride and respect on the world stage.


turn 3 : not a literal meaning but rather a rhetorical question.

turn 3 : The speaker is asking about the tradition of political comedy in South Africa and whether there is a history of satirizing those in power. Implicated meaning: The speaker is curious about the role of comedy in South African politics and whether it has been used as a tool for dissent.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using humor or sarcasm to make a point or convey a message in a lighthearted way.

turn 3 : In these turns, the speakers are discussing the implications and deeper meanings behind the actions and ideologies of the person they are talking about. They are not merely discussing the literal surface-level interpretations, but rather the underlying motives, strategies, and persuasive effects of those actions and ideologies.

turn 3 : The literal meaning: B is asking for analysis or insights regarding the current state of the Libyan government and the factors that influence society. The implied meaning: B is seeking a deeper understanding of the implications and consequences of the television-only coup, possibly in relation to the stability and functioning of the government and the societal dynamics in Libya.


First of all, as a citizen, every person who died there - it doesn't matter. Israeli or Palestinian - it's heartbreaking. But from the other side, just imagine you have to protect yourself. And I think Israel protected herself.

Weren't there are a lot of innocent people, though, and children certainly unarmed?

I don't know. I know that 60 people - or something like that - got killed. And it's heartbreaking. But 50 of them were terror members of the Hamas. This is what the Hamas said. But let's talk about art.

All right. What do you hope Americans will learn watching "Fauda"?

turn 1 : The speaker is worried that the lessons of the Holocaust might be forgotten or ignored

turn 1 : The speaker is expressing sympathy for the victims and their families.

turn 1 : The speaker is expressing sarcasm or disbelief about the effectiveness of preventing lethal incidents despite investigative journalism in the Laquan McDonald case.

turn 1 : In turn (4), the speaker is using understatement to describe the horrific experiences of child soldiers, emphasizing how young and innocent they are and how terrible it is for them to witness and experience such violence and trauma.

turn 1 : The speaker thinks that innocent people and children were killed in the conflict


So it's worth pointing out the reason the special counsel did not indict the president was because he said Justice Department policy says you cannot indict a sitting president. What the president's lawyers then argued in this case is the president cannot even be investigated. And the judge said, no, that the investigation has to be allowed to go forward. And if it can't, it would mean not only the president, but - and I'm quoting here - any accomplices could escape being brought to justice.

Do we know of any accomplices?I mean, who might the judge have been referring to there?

So we don't know exactly. But we do know that the president's business is being examined for falsifying business records because those hush money payments - they were claimed to be a legal retainer, which they were not. Third parties are being examined as well. This is a major aspect of the DA's argument, which the court has now agreed with. You have a local prosecutor looking into local crimes, and he's saying, what?No one can be held to account if they did a crime with the president. If you extend this argument, the president could have actually shot someone on Fifth Avenue, the judge was implying. And if he did, no co-conspirators could be held to account if you went along with the Trump lawyers' arguments, according to the federal judge today.

So the Second Circuit has issued a stay. What happens next?

turn 0 : The president may be lying about not being informed

turn 0 : The Office of the Special Counsel has the document described, but it may not be called a 'draft indictment.'

turn 0 : There might be more alleged victims in the federal indictment

turn 0 : Congress and the president are not working at the moment.

turn 0 : The president can not be indicted while in office


Yeah.

. . . We first went up there. But he and I got to be very close friends.

Bishop Woods remembers the friendship, the music and good food at the Gaston. But it also became a target for hate. On May 11, 1963, two bombs exploded near Dr.  King's room.

But he just happened to have gone home to visit his wife on that day. And the citizens were upset, thinking Dr.  King had been killed. But he hadn't been killed.

What happened to you that day?

turn 3 : Implied meaning: It was a lucky coincidence that Dr. King was not present in the Gaston on that day when the bombs went off.

turn 3 :  (4) is an expression of surprise. The implied meaning is an expression of admiration.

turn 3 : Turn (3) describes the discovery of clues that led to the unraveling of the scandal, which is consistent with its literal meaning.

turn 3 : This is a day where a something very important has happened or is happening.

turn 3 : "That's Dr. Steven Loyd. He's based in Nashville, Tenn. Thanks for talking with us."  The literal meaning of this turn is simply an introduction to Dr. Steven Loyd. The implied meaning is that the interview has ended and the interviewer is thanking Dr. Loyd for his time and participation.


So if we're negotiating in public, we're not really negotiating at all.

That's correct. What we're doing is playing chicken, all kinds of games with each other. It's just a mess. You know, whenever you get to the entitlements, and so everybody knows, I'm out of the Senate three years and a half, but I was there for 36 years, and much of my work was budgeting. If I were there, I would be right in the middle of this. You would have been hearing from me for the last two years, and you'd be tired of my voice.

And you, Neal, would have had me on so many times, you would have said I don't want you anymore.

Well, I doubt that, Senator.

turn 1 : The literal meaning is that they are playing games with each other. The actual meaning is that they are engaged in political posturing and not serious negotiation.

turn 1 : Although the literal meaning of this turn is simply an acknowledgement or agreement, the implied meaning behind it is that the speaker may not be fully engaged or interested in the conversation. It could be interpreted as a way of signaling disinterest or a desire to move on to a different topic.

turn 1 : "that's part of the game that's being played." meaning that the function of how politics work.

turn 1 : playing refers to as and implies engaged with or undertake

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker is subtly suggesting that the other person is being unreasonable or unrealistic in their expectations or demands.


Well, I doubt that, Senator.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker is trying to indirectly communicate a message or request to the listener.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker might be implying a hidden agenda or ulterior motive behind their words, actions, or decisions, without making it explicit.

turn 2 : The actual meaning of the third turn is that the speaker is implying that the current administration is trying to prevent important information from being released, and this is why they are pushing people to contact them with information.

turn 2 : The literal meaning is that the speaker would have appeared on a media outlet many times. The actual meaning is that the speaker would have been very vocal and persistent on the issue, possibly annoying the media host.


Well, I doubt that, Senator.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be hinting at a desire or need for help or support from the listener.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is expressing disapproval or criticism towards the listener or a third party, but doing so indirectly or politely.

turn 3 : the literal and actual meanings are the same. The speakers are simply exchanging pleasantries and expressing gratitude for the conversation

turn 3 : The literal meaning is that the listener doubts that they would tire of hearing from the speaker. The actual meaning is that the listener is being polite and respectful towards the speaker.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is hinting at a deeper or hidden motive or intention behind their actions or words.


Part of the problem is that you obviously need to deal with the security issues. But at the same time, that doesn't mean you put the human rights issues into the background. You can also raise human rights issues as you raise these security issues. You have to be able to walk and chew gum if you're going to practice international relations.

Yeah. You met North Korea's top nuclear negotiator in 2011. How did that go?I mean, how did you balance those concerns?

Well, the primary person I was - the reason that I was in North Korea at the time was to talk about the possibility of United States humanitarian assistance. North Koreans made a request. We were looking at the possibility of doing that. And our negotiations focused on that. On the other hand, there were meetings that we had and also time that we had after meetings or in connection with dinners and that kind of thing to raise human rights questions. You know, you don't start out by blasting them with the worst thing you can find. But there are ways that you can press them and push them and encourage them to accept the idea that human rights actually improves the standing of the regime if people like the government.

This administration eliminated the job you held. Do you think that matters?I mean, do you think this administration will even broach the issue of human rights?

turn 0 : (1) In turn (1), the speaker implies that the arrest of the two prominent individuals is concerning and raises questions about the current situation in Iraq.

turn 0 : The speaker is suggesting that it is possible to address both security concerns and human rights issues simultaneously, rather than prioritizing one over the other.

turn 0 : Implied meaning: The speaker is indirectly suggesting that they may have information or opinions that they are hesitant to share openly.

turn 0 : The speaker disagrees with the other person's argument.

turn 0 : The literal meaning of turn (1) is a request for information about the options available to the United States at present. The implied meaning, however, is that the speaker is concerned about the situation in Syria and is looking for possible courses of action that the United States could take to address the root cause of the humanitarian crisis there. The speaker believes that the Assad regime's practice of shelling populated areas not under its control is the main driver behind the crisis and that this should be the focus of the United States' response.


turn 2 : Implies that the judge believes that the shooting was done out of self-defense, even though others may say differently.

turn 2 : shots implies the activities in a game and not referring to a gunshot

turn 2 : Blasting was done in the metaphorical sense, ie blasting them with words. There was no actual shooting.

turn 2 : shooters means people using a gun, usually for bad purposes

turn 2 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer


It probably had more to do with Moore - Roy Moore - and his unique trainload of baggage. But it's still hard not to compare it to what happened back in 2010 when Scott Brown was elected in Massachusetts, taking Teddy Kennedy's seat. And this was at about the same point in President Obama's first term.

That really changed the mood on Capitol Hill. It did not stop the passage of Obamacare, but it signaled a big turnover in Congress in the next elections. And we could be heading into a correction here in the other direction under President Trump.

NPR's Ron Elving. Thanks so much.

Thank you, Scott.

turn 2 : "NPR's Ron Elving thanking Scott". However, the actual meaning is "Scott thanking NPR's Ron Elving.

turn 2 : thanking the NPR reporter, so it does not have a different actual meaning from its literal meaning.

turn 2 : (3) "You're welcome, Scott" - This is an expression of gratitude and respect, not an acknowledgement that Scott has granted permission.

turn 2 :  A: Thank you, Scott. Actual meaning: A is expressing gratitude to B for the conversation.

turn 2 : By saying "Adam Entous of The Washington Post, thanks so much," the speaker is expressing their gratitude for the discussion, while by saying "Great to be here.


NPR's Ron Elving. Thanks so much.

Thank you, Scott.

turn 2 : the literal and actual meanings are the same. The speakers are simply exchanging pleasantries and expressing gratitude for the conversation

turn 2 :  implies that the speaker is expressing gratitude for the other person's time and attention.

turn 2 : (3) implies gratitude and appreciation, (3) implies that the conversation is coming to an end

turn 2 : "Thank you." - While the words "thank you" are often used to express gratitude, in this context it could also be interpreted as a polite way to end the conversation.


NPR's Ron Elving. Thanks so much.

Thank you, Scott.

turn 3 : "NPR's Ron Elving thanking Scott". However, the actual meaning is "Scott thanking NPR's Ron Elving."

turn 3 :  A: Thank you, Scott. Actual meaning: A is expressing gratitude to B for the conversation.

turn 3 : thanking the NPR reporter, so it does not have a different actual meaning from its literal meaning.

turn 3 : "NPR's Ryan Lucas, thanks so much." - The actual meaning of this turn is a polite expression of gratitude, rather than literally thanking Ryan Lucas for something specific that he did.

turn 3 : (3) "You're welcome, Scott" - This is an expression of gratitude and respect, not an acknowledgement that Scott has granted permission.


NPR's Ron Elving. Thanks so much.

Thank you, Scott.

turn 3 :  (4) implies politeness and acknowledgement,  (4) implies that the conversation is continuing.

turn 3 :  The speaker is politely acknowledging and expressing their pleasure at being part of the conversation, while also implying that they are open to further discussion.

turn 3 :  implies that the interlocutor agrees with the previous statement and is encouraging the speaker to continue talking.

turn 3 : the literal and actual meanings are the same. The speakers are simply exchanging pleasantries and expressing gratitude for the conversation

turn 3 : The speaker is asking the other person to continue the conversation.


Then on top of that, last year, there was this thing called the beast from the east, which was a deep freeze coming across Italy and Greece, and that destroyed a lot of trees. Olive trees are very hardy, but they can't take extreme cold. If it's below 10 degrees Fahrenheit for just a matter of hours, it can kill the tree. So Italian farmers these days are thinking they can't catch a break. This is a confluence of factors, which has led to an overall production of around 185,000 tons this season, which is not very good.

Is it really possible that Italy could run out of olive oil next month?

Well, you know, Italy is not as big, for example, a producer as Spain, you know, and we see a lot of headlines right now that says Italy will be forced to be an olive oil importer. Well, Italy is the largest olive oil importer in the world and always has been, but it has just a limited amount of its own production to go around. So what - I think it's really more a matter of Italy running out of stock, running out of stocks of its own olive oil. And all of the bottling that goes on there and the exporting that goes on in Italy will be using oils from other origins.

We have to ask in this day and age, is climate change affecting the Italian olive oil production industry?

turn 0 : The word 'Cold' does not literally mean they are cold and chill, it has the implied meaning that they are not in good terms

turn 0 : The overflow will not cause harm to the ecosystem.

turn 0 : The strong winds of the mountain top can strip the mosses and epiphytes from the tree trunks, making it difficult for these forests to survive.

turn 0 : Extreme cold can kill hardy olive trees in just a few hours.

turn 0 : They are under control of the plant's internal system that is regulated by light and seasons.


turn 2 : Italy may run out of its own olive oil and need to use oils from other origins.

turn 2 : Olive oil is an important and healthy food with cultural significance

turn 2 : Italy leaving the eurozone is not a realistic possibility

turn 2 : Drilling for oil is not a viable solution to the problem of oil consumption

turn 2 : A forgot to include France in something but is apologizing for the oversight.


turn 3 : Olive oil is an important and healthy food with cultural significance

turn 3 : Climate change is hard to see because of how we perceive it.

turn 3 : Climate change could be affecting Italian olive oil production.

turn 3 : President Trump has caused a negative impact on climate change policies


I don't mind stipulating that you were more than an OK doctor.

(Laughter) Well, you know, I agree that I'm an OK doctor. And I feel very blessed to have been involved with some of the most complex surgical procedures in the history of the world.

Does that prepare you to be president of the United States?

Not in and of itself. But I think planning, utilizing a lot of resources and a lot of other people to do complex things - and even things that have never been done before - certainly helps. You know, sitting on corporate boards, learning how business works efficiently, all of these things give you a lot of skill sets. And I think it's a fallacy that only people in elected office can come up with solutions that solve our problems. I just think maybe there's a different paradigm.

turn 0 : (1) The speaker is not only suggesting using technology to alert providers when they may be entering orders for the wrong patient, but also emphasizing the importance of preventing medical errors in the healthcare system.

turn 0 : The speaker is often expecting bad things to happen, so when something good happens, it's more exceptional than usual.

turn 0 : The speaker is expressing a high level of respect for the doctor's abilities.

turn 0 : The speaker is expressing amusement at the topic being discussed.

turn 0 : The speaker is reflecting on their mistakes and hoping to learn from them.


You know, it's a tremendous feeling. You really feel like you have a view from the shoulders of generations. You know, I'm a fifth-generation member of the association, and we've been working for this moment implicitly since our founding and really explicitly since 1960. You know, just generations of activists registering people to vote. You know, suing local governments to make sure that blacks could run for various offices.

But you know, work has been done by generations with discipline to get us to a point where finally, 230 years after - 232 years after the founding of this republic, we have a multi-racial, multi-gender race. And it's incredible.

Let's go back to some of the practical issues because it strikes me that one of the people who certainly knows so much about politics, Donna Brazile, mentioned something about what can go wrong with the vote. In the year 2000, her sister encountered problems. She was asked by authorities to provide multiple forms of ID on her way to vote. And she called up Donna, and Donna, of course, was like, well, that's not the way things are supposed to work.

Right.

turn 2 : It is being implied that her sister was not treated according to law.

turn 2 : It is being implied that it will be difficult to proceed to court.

turn 2 : she was raped and doctor given given the false statement about it

turn 2 : The person was the one in the family that did not dress and act like the rest.

turn 2 : She does not want to deal with her grandmother no longer speaking to her.


There are U. S.  citizens who've been caught up in these really devastating attacks. I can't give out more details at this time because of privacy concerns. But I think we're all just very shocked and saddened by the breadth of the attacks and how senseless they were, particularly targeting people as they worship this morning at Sunday services and were enjoying holiday meals at several of the big hotels.

Right - Easter day. Now, a decade ago, Sri Lanka ended an extremely violent civil war where large-scale suicide bombings were common. Do we know why this now after a relatively peaceful past 10 years?

That's a good question. We don't really have all the answers we want about who was behind these attacks. I don't believe they were linked to that conflict period. But for a country trying to recover, trying to achieve reconciliation among the ethnic and religious groups here, this is not going to support that effort.

Could you tell us more about the ethnic and religious makeup of Sri Lanka and whether those demographics are relevant to what is happening today?

turn 0 : "shocked - really shocked" is a figurative way of expressing the speaker's strong emotional reaction.

turn 0 : The speaker believes that the protests need to be more extreme for America to acknowledge the issue, but not necessarily violent.

turn 0 : The person was surprised greatly by the information and it affected many of their thoughts and emotions. They were not struck but what they saw made them notice it and think about it more.

turn 0 : Implied meaning: The speaker is indirectly suggesting that they may have information or opinions that they are hesitant to share openly.

turn 0 : implies that the speaker has information about U.S. citizens affected by the attacks, but cannot disclose it due to privacy concerns. The use of passive voice ("have been caught up") and vague expressions like "devastating attacks" and "senseless they were" create a sense of emotional distance and uncertainty, while the phrase "I think we're all just very shocked and saddened" suggests a shared reaction.


What's your greatest regret?

Well, the greatest regret is that we lost the referendum - that I didn't prevail, that we could have fought, perhaps, a better campaign. We could have conducted, perhaps, a better negotiation. Perhaps the timing wasn't right - and that I didn't take the country with me on what I thought was a really important issue. And I resigned because I felt - I didn't fight the referendum as a sort of chairman - on the one hand, on the other hand, you decide. I was wholly on one side of the argument. And so I felt it was right to resign, having lost, because the country needed a new prime minister, a prime minister with a credibility to take us forward and deliver the outcome of the referendum.

But, of course, you know, I will to my dying day wonder whether there was something more we could have done to have secured what I thought was the right outcome, which was to keep Britain in, but to recognize we were, in many ways, the odd one out.

OK.

turn 1 : They regret not trying harder on their campaign for the referendum. They also regret not getting more of the people to support them.

turn 1 : The voters did not seem to change their opinions when they voted again.

turn 1 : The candidate had something troubling in their past.

turn 1 : The outcome of the parliamentary election is uncertain, and it is difficult to predict what will happen next

turn 1 : They think it does make the government look bad to the public.


What's your greatest regret?

OK.

turn 2 : They would not do bad things were most people would find out about them.

turn 2 : what they meant is that it's going to impress their brains later

turn 2 : All they can do is accept what happened to them before.

turn 2 : They will wonder about this at various times for the rest of their life.

turn 2 : you don't really know that much about this.


Now, that's something that would be the kind of final explanation if we could rule out everything else, and of course the big job is ruling out everything else. So in our paper we have a number of possibilities, but again, none of them are easy. None of them are simple.

So if you wanted to have ordinary dark matter that has no stickiness, you would have to come up with some very convoluted mechanism for removing this cold dark matter from the galaxies that it loves so much. I mean, it just loves hanging out with these galaxies, doesn't want to let go of them under the cold, collision-less dark matter theory, which is our main theory that I think we all accept.

Yeah, but if you stick with the stickiness idea, then you have to give up the other ideas, that you think you know what dark matter is.

Yeah, so we actually don't know what dark matter really is. These are all theories. Dark matter is not part of our standard model of physics. The standard model accounts for protons and electrons and neutrons. But one of the things that's really exciting about dark matter, that makes it one of the deepest mysteries of the cosmos, is that we know - we are pretty sure that dark matter is not part of the standard model.

turn 1 : In turn (2), the speaker is using the phrase "dark matter holds things together" and "dark energy that's causing the expansion of the universe to speed up" in a figurative sense, rather than a literal one. Dark matter and dark energy are not literally holding physical objects together, but rather their gravitational effects are causing certain phenomena in the universe.

turn 1 : A: "I mean, it just loves hanging out with these galaxies, doesn't want to let go of them..." Implicated meaning: The speaker is personifying dark matter by saying that it "loves" and "doesn't want to let go" of galaxies, suggesting that dark matter has a strong gravitational interaction with galaxies. The actual meaning is not that dark matter has emotions or desires, but rather emphasizing its gravitational effects.

turn 1 : (4) The speaker is saying that there are several possible explanations for the behavior of dark matter, but all of them are somewhat unsettling.

turn 1 : (3) The speaker is asking if there is a theory about what may be happening with regards to the behavior of dark matter.

turn 1 : In turn (3), the speaker is using the phrase "LHC stands for dark matter factory" figuratively, as the LHC is not literally a factory that produces dark matter particles. The speaker is expressing hope that the LHC will be able to detect or produce dark matter particles, which would help solve the mystery of dark matter.


turn 3 : (4) The speaker is saying that there are several possible explanations for the behavior of dark matter, but all of them are somewhat unsettling.

turn 3 : (3) The speaker is asking if there is a theory about what may be happening with regards to the behavior of dark matter.

turn 3 : A: "But one of the things that's really exciting about dark matter, that makes it one of the deepest mysteries of the cosmos..." Implicated meaning: The speaker is expressing enthusiasm about the intriguing nature of dark matter, highlighting its status as one of the most profound mysteries in the universe. The actual meaning is not that dark matter is exciting in a literal sense, but rather that it presents a captivating and puzzling scientific inquiry.

turn 3 :  "Well, as we often say in cosmology or theoretical physics, that idea might be crazy enough to be true."  The actual meaning of this turn is different from its literal meaning. It implies that sometimes ideas that seem crazy or impossible might turn out to be true in the field of cosmology or theoretical physics.

turn 3 : In turn (3), the speaker is using the phrase "LHC stands for dark matter factory" figuratively, as the LHC is not literally a factory that produces dark matter particles. The speaker is expressing hope that the LHC will be able to detect or produce dark matter particles, which would help solve the mystery of dark matter.


Well, responses have ranged from one person who said Biden was a great pick to another who said Obama made a terrible decision. But it's interesting, Joe Biden was the top choice of our unscientific online poll. We asked who Obama should pick as his VP, and 40 percent of all respondents chose him. So despite how people feel about Biden, I think a lot of people assumed that Obama would pick him. And Hillary Clinton interestingly was the second choice.

Really?As we get close - well, not closer to the convention, we are at the convention now - have you noticed an increase in the online traffic?Because I know people have really been paying attention. But now that we're here, are they really into it?

They are really into it. And everyone has an opinion. And everyone wants to make their opinion known. And that's just what they're doing.

Now, what are some of the things that we're going to be looking forward to, that our bloggers can look forward to on our website this week as part of our convention coverage?

Well, through npr. org, we have complete convention schedule so people know when to set their TiVos. We also have profiles of all the key Democratic players and we're also going to pose photo feeds from the convention floor. This morning, Michelle Obama was getting ready to make her speech and she was testing out the mics. And so we have some photos of that.

turn 0 : A prefers Obama over the Republican candidate but is hesitant to vote for him.

turn 0 : Despite mixed feelings about Joe Biden, many assumed Obama would choose him as his VP.

turn 0 : "creating a sense of movement among the millions who now acclaim him as the best thing that happened to American politics since Jack Kennedy." - This implies that Barack Obama has generated a significant amount of enthusiasm and support from a large number of people, which goes beyond his role as a senator and his political legitimacy.

turn 0 : Is Joe Biden trying to recover the support he had and lost in the debates.

turn 0 : Obama missed the chance to claim his bi-racialness.


turn 2 : There is a lot of opinion-sharing happening during the convention.

turn 2 : People are starting to follow suit in regards to the actions of others.

turn 2 : all sides of the table refers to different opinions people have

turn 2 : The key point is made to make people want to learn more about what happened.

turn 2 : turn is to challenge the idea that the proposal was a great idea in the first place.


turn 2 : It is a bad idea either way for the social media companies.

turn 2 : The audience of the site is willing to support the campaign when needed

turn 2 : Online traffic and opinions are high during the convention.

turn 2 : The backlash means that people are complaining about the situation.

turn 2 : suggests that the Democratic Party must put forth a more persuasive and powerful economic message to win more elections


In some ways, they're almost a young person's poem - some of them. The thing that I really like is her gestures towards image and metaphor that really shape her whole career. So there's this line that particularly moves me.

Say I am the air - I break - or say I am a spool unwinding. I am the spool that unwound while riding the sky down.

And I just think that's incredibly beautiful and evocative.

Erin Singer - she's an assistant professor of English at Louisiana Tech. You can see those poems in the next issue of the Fugue Literary Journal of the University of Idaho. Thank you so much.

turn 1 : Turn (2) has an actual meaning that is different from its literal meaning. The speaker is not discussing an attempt to physically move goalposts, but rather a rhetorical strategy of avoiding answering certain questions.

turn 1 : the turns whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings. By saying "you're not one of these people that thinks I'm young and strong and nothing will happen"

turn 1 : to give them more flexibility in this context means they are allowed to do more things

turn 1 : The writer means that they are flexible and can move easily.

turn 1 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer


. . . it climbs up the string you put out for it.

Yeah, yeah, yeah. So they - just for a little anatomy, a little review of that. The cucumber has the plant part, but then it also has these climbing appendages. And when it's growing, it sorts of swings them around, grabs on to a support. And when it does that, something changes in that tendril, and it starts to curl. And that is exactly what physicist Sharon Gerbode in Harvey Mudd College and biologist Joshua Puzey at Harvard and some colleagues looked at and published this week in the journal, Science.

Why does that cucumber tendril curl?And, you know, you might be thinking, well, whatever. But Charles Darwin was interested in this question, you know.

Yeah, yeah. It's an old question. You know, if you grow stuff, you know that the stuff, you know, goes out and curls around things.

turn 0 : The cucumber has climbing appendages, not climbing strings.

turn 0 : None . There's nothing in this that implies anything.

turn 0 : you imply that something is the case


turn 1 : The topic of discussion is about how a cucumber tends to curl and not about anatomy review.

turn 1 : B believes that the topic being discussed is not important.

turn 1 :  The implication of this statement is that it will be difficult to reach a consensus among the scientific community due to their diverse opinions

turn 1 : Brett Favre is a hot topic and cannot be ignored.

turn 1 : Asking if the Animals of Improbable Research were mentioned even though they were not explicitly mentioned.


What's a fuel hedge?Explain that.

A fuel hedge is basically a financial contract that you buy in the commodity market where you essentially pre-buying fuel. So Southwest CEO, Gary Kelly, back in 2003, as the U. S.  was preparing to go to war in Iraq, just decided that the war in the Middle East wasn't probably good for oil prices, and he went out and bought a lot of oil ahead of time. Pre-bought it, and that has paid off in billions of dollars of profits for the airline.

And this continues from 2003?Do they continue to buy fuel ahead?Because the price of oil over the last year, I mean, it keeps going up and up. At some point you would think they would say we're not going to buy anymore.

You know it's fascinating because a lot of people thought Southwest hedges would fade out. They did make that big bet when prices were in the 30's, but they kept buying and they have continued to buy. They have most of their oil bought for this year at about 57 dollars a barrel. If you don't have hedges, you're right now paying about 120 something dollars a barrel. And they've bought fuel all the way out to 2012 as of today.

turn 1 : The other airlines don't have the financial means to invest in fuel hedging, suggesting that they are not in a strong financial position.

turn 1 : Other airlines have too much financial strain to be able to invest in fuel hedging.

turn 1 : Southwest CEO pre-bought fuel in anticipation of a potential increase in oil prices due to the US going to war in Iraq, which resulted in billions of dollars of profits for the airline

turn 1 : The other airlines may not have the resources to purchase fuel for the future, suggesting a lack of financial stability.


What's a fuel hedge?Explain that.

turn 2 : The other airlines may not have the resources to purchase fuel for the future, suggesting a lack of financial stability.

turn 2 : The Trump administration wants to keep fuel economy targets at 2020 levels.

turn 2 : Southwest has continued to buy fuel ahead despite the rising oil prices over the years

turn 2 : Gas prices are rising because of immediate shortages caused by the storm.

turn 2 : The other airlines don't have the financial means to invest in fuel hedging, suggesting that they are not in a strong financial position.


What's a fuel hedge?Explain that.

turn 3 : The Trump administration wants to keep fuel economy targets at 2020 levels.

turn 3 : The other airlines don't have the financial means to invest in fuel hedging, suggesting that they are not in a strong financial position.

turn 3 : The other airlines may not have the resources to purchase fuel for the future, suggesting a lack of financial stability.

turn 3 : Southwest has bought fuel all the way out to 2012 as of today

turn 3 : Americans are still traveling but may be taking shorter vacations closer to home


Congressman, welcome. Thank you so much for talking to us.

Thank you so much.

So the State Department put out a joint statement last night. It said in part that - I'm quoting here - "Mexico will take unprecedented steps to increase enforcement to curb irregular migration" - end quote. And those steps include deploying its National Guard to Mexico's southern border. So what other actions does the U. S.  expect Mexico to take?

Well, let's keep in mind that Mexico right now is stopping about 250,000 people a year on the southern border. That is, they hold them, and they deport them back on the southern border. So that's a quarter of a million people that would be coming to the United States.

You know, I assume they're going to hopefully stop some of those buses where they have people coming in from the southern border, and they get quickly to the United States, or if it's a caravan walking that they will start dispersing those caravans. And I've heard that in the last couple of days, that is what they're doing. They're holding people more in the southern border. And I think that's one way they're going to be helping the U. S.

turn 4 : Mexico will start dispersing caravans and holding people more at the southern border to help the US.

turn 4 : Mexico is facing a very serious and dangerous situation.

turn 4 : A wall is not a good solution for border security and would waste taxpayers' money.

turn 4 : Blocking access to the border between Guatemala and Mexico would be an effective way to stop migrants from coming through.


These were all - the Hobbits. They were all living, you know, 50,000 years ago, all of these quite diverged groups of humans were living on Earth, and we're now quite lonely. We're the only group on Earth right now.

So something happened to them that didn't happen to us, that we survived?

That's right.

And the fact that - did they - do you think they knew of one another?

turn 0 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer

turn 0 : All the turns in this conversation appear to have their literal meanings, and there are no metaphors, figurative language or idioms used.

turn 0 : Not "everybody" was obsessed with Chernow's book. This is an exaggeration, but is meant to convey that the book was popular.

turn 0 : The story was told to people and many became aware of it.

turn 0 : The speaker is not actually referring to the Hobbits from J.R.R. Tolkien's Middle-earth but rather early human groups.


Oh, no. I love grapefruit.

(Laughter).

It's one of the best things in the world.

Seriously?

turn 1 : the literal meaning is that the other person laughs in response to something that was said.

turn 1 : (2) Laughter could mean disbelief, surprise, or disbelief in what A just said.

turn 1 : The turn "Laughter" is not meant to indicate that someone is actually laughing but rather to acknowledge the humorous nature of the story being told.

turn 1 : B's laughter does not have a literal meaning but is likely a response to something humorous or lighthearted in the conversation.

turn 1 : The turns (2) and (4) are both expressions of laughter, which implies that the speaker is amused by the story being told, rather than the literal meaning of making a noise.


Oh, no. I love grapefruit.

(Laughter).

Seriously?

turn 3 : (4) is a straightforward denial of B's implied meaning, and does not carry any additional implied meanings beyond that.

turn 3 : (4) implies disbelief or shock at A's response in the previous turn.

turn 3 :  (4) is an expression of surprise. The implied meaning is an expression of admiration.

turn 3 : (4) Seriously? could mean that B is surprised, does not believe, or is challenging A's statement.

turn 3 : (4) is the same as its literal meaning, which is a brief acknowledgement of what was just said.


Because there's going to be this glass chamber, people can follow along.

Right. It looks absolutely beautiful.

Oh, it does?

Yeah, it looks absolutely beautiful.

turn 0 : to give an idea means to tell them their opinion, or what is happening

turn 0 : All they have is the way of life that takes place outside of buildings.

turn 0 : when something is made clear in this context it means that it is explained so people understand

turn 0 : The situation is uncertain and they need to take it one step at a time

turn 0 : People are likely to follow through a given idea or course since it is end is clear as a glass chamber.


Right. It looks absolutely beautiful.

Oh, it does?

Yeah, it looks absolutely beautiful.

turn 3 : Designing and engineering glass for touch functionality is necessary.

turn 3 : something that was hinted at or suggested, but not directly stated.

turn 3 : The appearance of the glass chamber is impressive. (not the appearance of something else

turn 3 : The narrator can visualized the art like how all artists done.


Yeah. Millions of dollars. And they actually - the Coogan Law at this moment though actually only protects about 15 percent of a child's earning. And so there's a whole 85 percent that goes somewhere else. And the parents can use it for various things. And the child can use it but, you know, when you're a child you're not going to make most sound financial decisions.

And you end up seeing a lot of child stars actually growing up and getting emancipated from their parents because they don't like the way that their parents have handled their money. And there are other loopholes around it too, like they can appear - they have to appear in front of a court to say that they can do this. But the ones who don't appear in front of a court, they don't have to necessarily pay attention to those rules. And there are a lot of loopholes and sadly there are lot of parents using their kids to make money.

Well, Mara Wilson, thank you very much for your time today. We appreciate your insight. I love the picture of Alfred Hitchcock, who you say once described actors as cattle. And your line, please?

That would make child actors veal.

turn 3 : She is not being put in a box. She means the roles people apply to her and her life.

turn 3 : ALL FATHERS WANT THEIR DAUGHTER TO BE LIKE DISNEY PRINCESSES BUT ITS JUST A CHARACTER NOT A REAL ONE

turn 3 : She believes that child actors are like cattle to be used by others.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is implying that her character's story line on the show mirrored her own life experience.

turn 3 : This turn is literal in meaning, as it is a straightforward question asking about the speaker's children.


OK.

We're in a tent at the Smithsonian Folklife Festival. So if you hear some extraneous sounds that you wouldn't normally hear in Studio 3A, please forgive us. But it gives us the opportunity to do some things that we wouldn't ordinarily do. We want to hear from comedians today. How do you translate your material, which comes from a certain time and place, to a wider or different cultural or even ethnic group?Give us a call: 800-989-8255. Email us: talk@npr. org.

And Trevor Noah, what did you find translated well?Is there a material that you did in Cape Town that you can do in Los Angeles, or Baltimore for that matter?

Not really, no. Because the points of view changes, you know?I think the one - well, I could talk about Oprah. Oprah is worldwide. Yes.

Oprah is worldwide.

turn 1 : This turn implies that the speaker is asking for more information about the tour.

turn 1 : We're in a tent at the Smithsonian Folklife Festival. So if you hear some extraneous sounds that you wouldn't normally hear in Studio 3A, please forgive us. But it gives us the opportunity to do some things that we wouldn't ordinarily do. We want to hear from comedians today. How do you translate your material, which comes from a certain time and place, to a wider or different cultural or even ethnic group? Give us a call: 800-989-8255. Email us: talk@npr.org. (This turn has a literal meaning of explaining the setting and purpose of the radio show)

turn 1 : The speaker faces racial discrimination and stereotypes from both white and black people.

turn 1 : The speaker is expressing gratitude for being invited to the studio.

turn 1 : The literal meaning of this turn is to state that the speaker is of mixed racial and/or ethnic heritage. However, the actual meaning is to downplay the significance of the speaker's racial and ethnic identity.


OK.

Oprah is worldwide.

turn 2 : And Trevor Noah, what did you find translated well? Is there a material that you did in Cape Town that you can do in Los Angeles, or Baltimore for that matter? (This turn has a literal meaning of asking Trevor Noah if his material translates well across different cultural settings)

turn 2 : The subject is actually from Los Angeles where as the reply is regarding an African

turn 2 : In turn (3), Habib Koite talks about Africa as a continent that wants to change something and how everyone needs to think about giving the best future and hope to the young in Africa. The literal meaning of the turn is clear, but the implied meaning is that Habib Koite is advocating for a better future for Africa and its people, which is not explicitly stated in the turn.

turn 2 :  Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples.

turn 2 : The traumatic memories of the author made it hard for him to translate the novel himself, so he had someone else do it


OK.

Oprah is worldwide.

turn 3 : In these turns, the speakers are discussing the implications and deeper meanings behind the actions and ideologies of the person they are talking about. They are not merely discussing the literal surface-level interpretations, but rather the underlying motives, strategies, and persuasive effects of those actions and ideologies.

turn 3 : A thinks that the world prefers simple or sad narratives over other themes.

turn 3 : the literal meaning is that the interviewer asks if recent events and debates make a scene in a book more significant.

turn 3 : Not really, no. Because the points of view changes, you know? I think the one - well, I could talk about Oprah. Oprah is worldwide. Yes. (This turn has an implied meaning that Trevor Noah's comedy material doesn't translate well across different cultural settings due to differences in perspectives. The mention of Oprah as a worldwide figure is a way of acknowledging that there are some cultural references that are universally understood)

turn 3 : The project gave the speaker more respect for the struggles of women around the world


OK.

Oprah is worldwide.

turn 4 : Oprah popularity and relevance seem to be diminishing due to her side in politics.

turn 4 : Oprah is worldwide. (This turn has an implied meaning that Oprah's cultural influence and recognition transcends different cultures and settings)

turn 4 : Oprah Winfrey's popularity in Saudi Arabia is unexpected.

turn 4 : Oprah Winfrey's show provides young Saudi Arabian women new ideas.


From what I can tell, as an observer of the trial, it has. You have to bear in mind what the juror's going to be focused on are the documents. In a white-collar criminal case, it's hard to ignore what the documents say. You've got tax returns that they're putting in. You've got mortgage applications that they've entered into evidence. You've got emails. The witnesses are putting those emails - those other communications - in the context. But to a large degree, the record is all written.

And just in the 25 seconds we have left, any idea what direction the defense is going to take?

It's hard to say. The defense can put witnesses on, or the defense can choose not to. The defense can put the defendant on or can choose not to. I think that's probably unlikely in this case. I don't think Paul Manafort will end up taking the witness stand. But I think, at the end of the day, they're going to end up pointing their finger at Gates as a dishonest business associate who really is the one responsible for these crimes.

Tim Belevetz, former federal prosecutor, now in private practice. Thanks so much for being with us.

turn 0 : The figurative meaning here is that allowing the person to go through the entire hiring process without disclosing their criminal record increases their chances of getting a job. It suggests that withholding information about their criminal record can help them overcome potential biases.

turn 0 : It implies that the judicial system is at jeopardy.

turn 0 : bad faith implies that the Justice Department is acting improperly and knows they are doing so

turn 0 : "That's where you get into trouble is when people make false statements to federal investigators or they obstruct an actual proceeding."

turn 0 : The documents hold significant weight in determining guilt in white-collar criminal cases.


What did it mean to many Italian Americans to have Columbus Day established as a federal holiday back in the 1930s?

One has to remember that when Italians arrive here in the late 1880s in mass - we're talking about 4 1/2 millions who come - Italian immigrants who come between 1880s and 1924 - they encounter America that is xenophobic, that is engaging in acts of violence against immigrants. One has to remember the lynching in New Orleans of 11 Italian Americans in 1891 so that Columbus becomes this figure that Italians latch on to as a way to get a foothold in this incredibly hostile environment that they find themselves in.

So what has the reaction been among many Italian American groups and Italian American families to the emphasis in recent years on seeing the racism and brutality and violence in Columbus' personal history?

There's an emotional bond to Columbus. I've read poetry which has - says, you know, when I look at the figure of Columbus on a statue, I don't see Columbus. I see my grandfather. I see the sort of worker's hands in his hands. I see the visage, his visage. And I see that of my grandfather. So there's a really emotional bond there.

turn 1 : Italians depended on Columbus as a means to make themselves relevant in American society.

turn 1 : whites refers to the Europeans and Americans and not just a color

turn 1 : Italian officials are attempting to punish traffickers harshly, similar to how they would treat members of organized crime syndicates.

turn 1 : Europe wants to assert its independence from the US while risking consequences


The new head of the EPA, Lisa Jackson, says that she'll look at this, and quickly. How confident are you now that this is going to happen, and how soon?

Well, she's definitely going to look at it right away, because the president announced that he was asking her to do so. She also committed to us that she would. And I'm very confident, because if science is to prevail, we're going to get the waiver. The scientists at EPA said that EPA had no leg to stand on in terms of turning down a waiver so that we could have cleaner cars and lessen global warming in our state. Our state is really vulnerable to global warming, with our old forests and our coastlines and all the problems that we have so many people, so many cars. So we're ready to go. And the whole notion is that the federal government shouldn't stand in the way of progress here.

Senator Boxer, is it your intention that stricter standards adopted in California eventually become the standard for the rest of the country?

Well, actually 19 states have already embraced it, so we know that half of the country is already going to embrace it. As far as the other states, I don't know. But clearly, when half of the country has embraced our standards, we're going to see technology step up to the plate because they have this big market.

Auto makers, as you know, argue that the new standards would burden an already badly crippled industry. Legitimate or not legitimate?

turn 1 : Congress passed a bill despite the likely negative consequences.

turn 1 : The EPA had no facts to back up their reason for turning down a waiver.

turn 1 : The decision was not something that was given up by one side.

turn 1 : Victims did not have any legal rights until recently.


You could say the Republicans are ending 2013 on their highest note of the year.

That's the best thing that has happened to them. Well, 2014 looms. How are they shaping up for the midterms?

The midterms look good for Republicans. They will almost certainly hold control of the House. The Democrats would need nearly 20 seats in that takeaway. That's a big order and particularly because the president's party, in this case the Democrats, tends to lose seats in the midterms, not gain. On the Senate side, the Republicans are on the march. They need six seats to take back the majority in the Senate.

They may or may not get there, but the seats are out there to win. There are a lot of red states electing senators, some with incumbents like Louisiana and Arkansas, North Carolina where the Democrats got a struggle, others where there's a vacancy, say, in a Montana or a South Dakota.

turn 1 : "Before it was released, a lot of Democrats said the result of releasing the memo would be catastrophic.Last night and today, many Democrats seem to be saying, is that all you got?Are you kidding?" Implicated meaning: The speaker is highlighting the difference between the Democrats' initial reaction to the release of the memo and their reaction after its release. They suggest that the Democrats' fears of catastrophic consequences were unfounded and that the memo did not contain anything significant or damaging.

turn 1 :  In statement 2, the speaker is implying that Trump should make a statement that can help heal the divide between him and the Republicans.

turn 1 : "Well, for some, it's more a dud than a slam dunk.But at the same time, of course, the Democrats want to release their own memo - their critique memo - their response or rebuttal.And that's going to be the big focus when we get back here on Monday." Implicated meaning: The speaker is commenting on the mixed reactions to an event or situation. They suggest that while some people may view it as a failure ("a dud"), others may see it as a success ("a slam dunk"). The speaker also mentions the Democrats' plan to release their own memo, which they believe will be the main topic of discussion in the future.

turn 1 : 2).  In the conversation, person B responds to person A's statement about Republicans ending 2013 on their highest note by saying "That's the best thing that has happened to them." The implied meaning is that the Republicans had a bad year in 2013 and this is the best thing that happened to them during that year. It suggests that they did not have many good things happen to them in 2013, and this is a rare positive note.

turn 1 : This last Republican debate may have been the most contentious, at least between the candidates and the questioners. What do you see as the immediate fallout?"  In this turn, the implied meaning is that the Republican debate was highly intense and filled with conflict, especially between the candidates and the questioners. The speaker is asking about the immediate consequences or repercussions of such a heated debate, suggesting that there might be significant outcomes or effects stemming from it. The implied meaning goes beyond a simple description of the debate's level of contention.


Thanks to everyone who wrote in.

And best of luck to all of you out there who, like us, are trying to reinvent yourselves.

And thanks to our senior producer, Steve Proffitt. Steve, thank you. I don't know; what shall call you now from now on, if you're going to reinvent yourself?

How about Steve?

turn 1 : They wished luck to people that are trying to make changes in their lives that make them act different or live different than they did before.

turn 1 : They might bring the person closer to what they hoped for in their life.

turn 1 : the turns whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings. By saying "you're not one of these people that thinks I'm young and strong and nothing will happen"

turn 1 : He made a promise that was stressed by him and gave people the impression he would do it regardless of what happens.

turn 1 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer


Well, I think a lot of people think after such a long stretch of economic growth, we're due for a recession. It's often said by economists that expansions don't die of old age. They have to be murdered, usually by the Fed or financial crisis.

(Laughter).

So that might happen. There are some warning signs out there. We had a bad job market report. We'll get more - another glimpse of the job market report at the end of this week. Manufacturing is soft. But one thing that's interesting is some people worry that long periods of steady growth, low rates and rising stock prices breed complacency, and that could end badly.

OK, David. Thanks so much. That's David Wessel.

turn 0 : long stretch in this context means a long era

turn 0 : along the way means in this context throughout a period of time

turn 0 : The long haul is a length of time where the issue had to be dealt with.

turn 0 : it is a metaphorical field, it just means there are not as many candidates running for the election as there was in the past because some decided not to continue running

turn 0 : (1) "it's just growing too fast" - This phrase is not referring to the physical speed of growth but rather the rate of growth over time.


Yes. Everywhere we looked, we found these networks using very, very similar tactics. And often, not - they're different from what I think we have seen in the U. S.  elections where Russian operatives set up groups for a very long time. And also, like, in European countries, we saw those groups operating for years, sometimes starting as a lifestyle page or a movie page, and then slowly, but surely, shifting to becoming a far-right page. That is a clear, deceptive tactic to pull in more and more people into their stories.

And this disinformation that you were finding - it tended to skew to the far-right, or were people on the far-left - were there other groups skewing it in different directions?

Yes. So we started looking at what actual disinformation is spreading and looked who's spreading is. And time and again, we went down a rabbit hole to the far-right. But in Italy, for example, we also found a lot of populist, but they're not far-right parties. So it was not only far-right, but mainly far-right - what we found in our research.

And you said you went down the rabbit hole of who was creating this. Just speak a little bit more about that. Was this official groups, random individuals - or can you even tell?

turn 0 : Russian operatives used deceptive tactics to create far-right groups.

turn 0 : that Russia views itself as a victim of a Western conspiracy and is retaliating with its own tactics.

turn 0 : got their tentacles implies that Russia is involved and manipulative in many different aspects of foreign affairs

turn 0 : It changes the way you think about the situation. Russia wants to capitalize on everyone's problems in the region.


turn 2 : Far-right parties were the main spreaders of disinformation.

turn 2 : The goal of the provocative activity is to create division and unrest between opposing groups

turn 2 : The literal meaning of this turn is that people might think news organizations are concealing information, but the actual meaning is that people might think news organizations should not be concealing information.

turn 2 : Disinformation networks are spreading false and hateful content rapidly

turn 2 : Donald Trump's success is partly due to the ability of individuals to spread their message without the support of the political establishment.


They won't be in the wild, as I understand. It's still under human care but in different circumstances?

Yeah, they'll be in a setting that is, as closely as possible, approximates the natural conditions where dolphins typically live, i. e. , natural seawater, in the ocean, in a setting that has vegetated shorelines and natural bottoms and organisms, you know, plants and animals that would otherwise be found there. But they will be under human care for most likely their entire lives, yes.

Do you anticipate adjustment problems?The aquarium, I guess, is the only home they've ever really known.

They have all known - either all or very - the lion's share of their lives in this kind of setting. And it will be a completely new experience for them. So they need to go through a lot of acclamation, both behaviorally and physiologically, in order to make this transition successfully.

turn 2 : The implications in (3) is that the dolphins may have trouble adjusting to the new environment due to them being used to living in aquariums.

turn 2 : The process of helping dolphins adjust to open water involves gradually introducing them to the same type of water they will encounter in the ocean, so that when they are released, they will be able to survive in the new environment.

turn 2 :  The process of helping dolphins adjust to open water involves introducing them to the same types of microorganisms they would find in the ocean, which is much more diverse than the sterile saltwater they live in.

turn 2 : The process of helping dolphins adjust to open air and water involves not only helping them cope with changes in their environment, but also teaching them how to be mobile and transport themselves.


We are. . .

We are - yeah.

There's something - does that bother you or that we're experimenting on ourselves?

Oh, a little bit, I guess, you know?

turn 1 : "We are - yeah." Here, the literal meaning would be that the speaker is simply repeating what the other person said and adding an affirmation. However, the actual meaning could be interpreted as the speaker expressing uncertainty or hesitation.

turn 1 : In context, "Yeah" is used as a way to show agreement and understanding. Its implied meaning is that the speaker is in agreement with the idea being presented by the other person.

turn 1 : In this context, "Yeah. Yeah." is not meant to indicate agreement or affirmation, but rather a sign of impatience or boredom, suggesting that B is not particularly interested in the conversation or does not want to continue discussing the topic.

turn 1 : This is an expression of agreement, but it also implies that the speaker is willing to continue the discussion.


We are. . .

We are - yeah.

Oh, a little bit, I guess, you know?

turn 2 :  "There's something - does that bother you or that we're experimenting on ourselves?" The literal meaning is that the speaker is asking a direct question about whether the listener is bothered by the fact that they are experimenting on themselves. However, the actual meaning could be interpreted as the speaker expressing their own concerns or doubts about the experimentation.

turn 2 : That's his argument. He says it's uncomfortable but these questions need to be asked, otherwise powerful people can get away with terrible things."  Implicated meaning: The speaker acknowledges that the questions being proposed might cause discomfort, but they are necessary to prevent powerful individuals from evading consequences for their atrocious deeds. Without asking these challenging questions, there is a risk of enabling the privileged to escape accountability for their actions.

turn 2 : The speaker may be hinting at a desire for something or someone, but is hesitant to express it directly, possibly due to fear of rejection or embarrassment.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker is hinting at an underlying issue or concern that they are not comfortable discussing directly.

turn 2 : In both of these turns, the implied meaning goes beyond the literal words used. The speaker is not simply asking about the reasons behind the human need to look at themselves or stating that it is innate and related to genetics. The implied meaning suggests a deeper exploration of human psychology and the significance of self-reflection as a part of our daily


We are. . .

We are - yeah.

Oh, a little bit, I guess, you know?

turn 3 : "Oh, wow." - This turn's actual meaning is different from its literal meaning. In this context, it is used sarcastically to express disbelief or surprise.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using a euphemism or understatement to convey a more significant or sensitive message.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is subtly trying to convey a sense of urgency or importance in the matter being discussed, without explicitly stating it.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker's selection of a seemingly insignificant turn may be interpreted as an attempt to change the subject or redirect the conversation, potentially indicating discomfort or disinterest in the current topic.

turn 3 :  "Oh, a little bit, I guess, you know?" The literal meaning is that the speaker is acknowledging that they are bothered to some extent. However, the actual meaning could be interpreted as the speaker downplaying their concerns or trying to appear nonchalant about the situation.


He says it's incumbent on the press and on the media not to make it easy for celebrities to have these terribly serious transgressions alleged and be able to skate by on their charm, on their fame, on their accomplishments outside the arena of these allegations. He said, you know, it is precisely the inconvenient moment where you have all these stars - and Woody Allen is in South of France because of the debut of his new film.

And you have stars like Blake Lively, Jesse Eisenberg and others who are there, Steve Carell. And he says we should be hearing them asked what it's like to work with an alleged child molester - and by the way, those are his words, not mine - rather than asked, you know, what costumes were you wearing?How did you like your outfits?What was it like to work with this great director?

That's his argument. He says it's uncomfortable but these questions need to be asked, otherwise powerful people can get away with terrible things.

How do you feel about that?

turn 0 : "But you don't do that by politicizing an incident like this. You do it by taking responsibility for your actions." Implicated meaning: A person should take personal accountability for their actions instead of exploiting a situation for political gain.

turn 0 : The speaker is pointing out the cultural differences between America and their country, where America tends to cover up imperfections while their country embraces them. Implicated meaning: The speaker values authenticity and honesty over superficial appearances.

turn 0 : The speaker is highlighting the severity of the allegations against Jeffrey Epstein and warning the listeners that the details may be upsetting.

turn 0 : He says it's incumbent on the press and on the media not to make it easy for celebrities to have these terribly serious transgressions alleged and be able to skate by on their charm, on their fame, on their accomplishments outside the arena of these allegations."  Implicated meaning: The speaker is emphasizing the responsibility of the press and media to hold celebrities accountable for their serious wrongdoings, rather than allowing them to escape scrutiny based on their charisma, reputation, or achievements unrelated to the allegations.

turn 0 : Implicated meaning: The speaker is expressing a desire to create a character in their book who is strong and believable, rather than simply creating a character who is physically strong. The implied meaning is that the speaker values depth and authenticity in their character portrayal, rather than creating a one-dimensional, superficial character.


How do you feel about that?

turn 1 : (3) "What's the mix of ambition and vulnerability that makes child actors prey?" - The speaker is not actually asking for a mix of qualities that make child actors vulnerable, but rather pointing out that child actors are often vulnerable to abuse and questioning the underlying factors that contribute to this vulnerability.

turn 1 : And you have stars like Blake Lively, Jesse Eisenberg and others who are there, Steve Carell. And he says we should be hearing them asked what it's like to work with an alleged child molester - and by the way, those are his words, not mine - rather than asked, you know, what costumes were you wearing? How did you like your outfits? What was it like to work with this great director?"  Implicated meaning: The speaker suggests that instead of asking superficial questions about celebrities' appearance and experiences on set, it is important to inquire about their experiences working with someone who has been accused of being a child molester. By doing so, the focus would shift to addressing serious allegations and holding individuals accountable for their actions.

turn 1 : Implicated meaning: The speaker is expressing a desire to create a character in their book who is strong and believable, rather than simply creating a character who is physically strong. The implied meaning is that the speaker values depth and authenticity in their character portrayal, rather than creating a one-dimensional, superficial character.

turn 1 : In (2), B asks about working with actors and acknowledges that the actor's performance is distinct from the creator's vision in graphic novels. The literal meaning of the words is straightforward and does not imply any additional or hidden meanings. However, the implied meaning is that B is curious about the challenges A faces in collaborating with actors, and whether A finds it frustrating to work with actors who have their own interpretation of the material.


How do you feel about that?

turn 2 : "we're going to have to face some difficult questions" - This turn is meant to suggest that there are challenging issues that need to be addressed following the recent attacks. The actual meaning of the turn is the same as its literal meaning.

turn 2 : That's his argument. He says it's uncomfortable but these questions need to be asked, otherwise powerful people can get away with terrible things."  Implicated meaning: The speaker acknowledges that the questions being proposed might cause discomfort, but they are necessary to prevent powerful individuals from evading consequences for their atrocious deeds. Without asking these challenging questions, there is a risk of enabling the privileged to escape accountability for their actions.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker is hinting at an underlying issue or concern that they are not comfortable discussing directly.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker has some reservations or doubts about the situation being discussed.

turn 2 : There were some personal problems, and he is trying to understand the reason behind them without being too direct.


Hopelessness and uncertainty.

Are people trying to leave, and is that something you've considered?

Many people have no choice. And they think - the only thing - I can leave the country. But how can they do that with the huge amount of limitations on Iranians' travelings (ph) and economical limits?They cannot do that. It is very, very difficult for them. And now we see a lot of Iranians who are abroad the country who are evacuating. They cannot do it anymore because of the higher dollar prices. They have to return to the country. It is very difficult situation for them.

Well, thank you so much for speaking with us and sharing your story.

turn 1 : Implies that the speaker is asking for the other person's opinion about the political implications of the current situation.

turn 1 : Asking if the person has considered leaving the country due to the difficult situation.

turn 1 : The situation is urgent and requires immediate action.

turn 1 : The implied meaning in this turn is that the speaker is asking for an opinion on the fiscal policy situation in Europe.


Hopelessness and uncertainty.

turn 2 : Iranians are struggling to leave the country due to limitations and economic difficulties.

turn 2 : The statement mean that There is possibility for Iranian government to face difficulty for survival if there is not support.

turn 2 : This implies that Iran has found ways to evade or circumvent the sanctions, despite their severity.

turn 2 : Unilateral sanctions might force Tehran to reconsider their decision to stay in the agreement

turn 2 : Europe is facing a difficult choice between adhering to its own principles and risking significant consequences or aligning with the US on the matter of the Iran deal.


Hopelessness and uncertainty.

turn 2 : Leaving the country is not a viable option for many Iranians due to travel limitations and economic difficulties.

turn 2 : Assuming that Iran is responsible for the attack.


No.

So give an ABC, a little ABCs of how, let's say, Plan B works.

Yeah, so it depends on when you take it. You have to be aware when the fertile window is. So it's five days before ovulation and then about maximum one day after ovulation. And if you take it before the LH surge has started, then it works by either blocking follicular development and ovulation or by postponing it.

But if LH has started to rise, then it's too late, and it has no effect, and ovulation will occur. And it has no effect after ovulation, no effect on the fallopian tube or on the endometrium, that is the uterine lining. And actually if a woman has miscalculated, so she's already pregnant, it has no negative effect on the pregnancy, on the fetus or on the newborn baby. And it can't interrupt a pregnancy, but it has absolutely no effect.

turn 1 : So give an ABC, a little ABCs of how, let's say, Plan B works

turn 1 : A is acknowledging B's contribution to the success of their plan.

turn 1 : B disagrees with the premise of the question but is willing to discuss it further.

turn 1 : A agreed to do something but later realized it wasn't what they wanted


No.

turn 2 : "You know, going through IVF, it's a very planned and purposeful pregnancy" - The literal meaning is that the pregnancy was a result of in vitro fertilization (IVF) which is a planned and purposeful process. The actual meaning is that the process of going through IVF is challenging and requires a strong commitment to the idea of becoming parents.

turn 2 :  "You have to be aware when the fertile window is."  The phrase "fertile window" is not a literal window but rather a period of time when a woman is most likely to get pregnant. It refers to the days leading up to and including ovulation when an egg can be fertilized by sperm.

turn 2 :  "She struggled with anxiety, but eventually she got pregnant through IVF."  Implicated meaning: The woman experienced anxiety related to her difficulties in conceiving a child, but was eventually able to become pregnant through in vitro fertilization (IVF).

turn 2 : The turn (2) "She struggled with anxiety, but eventually she got pregnant through IVF" has a figurative meaning, as it implies that the process of getting pregnant through in vitro fertilization (IVF) was a difficult and challenging one. The use of the word "struggled" connotes a sense of hardship or adversity, which is not necessarily part of the literal meaning of the statement.


Yes.

. . . Following the election in 2000, when - and I'm sure the news industry was part of it.

(Laughter).

A lot of people said, how can the greatest country in the - you know, you can go to an ATM and get $200. Why can't we have a sleek, electronic voting system in this country?

turn 2 : Everything was becoming negative in their respective areas. People got a change when the new president was elected. The news is about what is happening and what will happen.

turn 2 : The news industry was partly responsible for the controversy surrounding the 2000 election and its aftermath, as people questioned why the U.S. had not adopted a more efficient and reliable voting system.

turn 2 : The voters did not seem to change their opinions when they voted again.

turn 2 : They want to know how the election changed the way politics in the country work. Also, the people had a a steady amount of news information to read and watch and listen to.

turn 2 : The media does not have as much influence over voters as people might think.


Yes.

(Laughter).

turn 3 : People are uncertain about their vote in this election, and are hesitant to support either the Republican or Democratic candidate.

turn 3 : The United States should be able to implement a modern, reliable, and efficient electronic voting system given its technological and economic advantages.

turn 3 : casting votes means to vote on something or someone

turn 3 : The president will propose something new later today

turn 3 : They need the countries to realize this is the way things should be done in other countries.


Honestly, I think in most of these things, I think it's very hard to negotiate with Mr.  Trump because he doesn't stick to his word. And I think that my experience of negotiating over the last three or four decades is if there's someone like that, then you really just say, this is what I want. I'm not budging. I'm not talking. Give me a call when you're ready to deal.

Well, but does that just mean that nothing gets done for the DREAMers?

I don't think so. If you're the minority in the House and the minority in the Senate, and you don't control the White House, then you're going to - you have to ask yourself where are the points where we have a point of pressure?And then you have to decide what it is that you want to fight for. You have to say that clearly - not bluff at all - and we're not budging. And that's what you've got to do because the fact of the matter is every time that you negotiate you're going to come out with something that isn't great.

You note your business career. As you see it, Mr.  Steyer, has President Trump made the whole prospect of successful business figures in public office more or less enticing?

turn 0 : The person thinks that the situation will come to an end with both sides negotiating with one another. There is no game or table.

turn 0 : This turn expresses willingness to engage in the conversation.

turn 0 : "Give me a call when you're ready to deal" - This is a polite way of saying that negotiation is over and there is no point in continuing until the other party is ready to make a serious offer.

turn 0 : backroom negotiation means that the negotiation was done in secret.

turn 0 : This is an expression of agreement, but it also implies that the speaker is willing to continue the discussion.


Yeah. A lot of people get into it for different reasons. First of all, I mean, if anyone says they didn't get into law enforcement to drive a police car fast with the lights and siren that comes screeching into a parking lot sideways and jump out and tackle a guy, they're lying to you. I mean, there's other greater, noble reasons, but come on, man, really?That's why we do it. It's fun.

Derek Pacifico, retired sergeant of the San Bernardino County Sheriff's Department in California. He now runs Crime Writers Consultations and trains novelists and screenwriters on how to write valid, good, honest crime stories. Sergeant, thanks so much.

Thanks for having me. It was a pleasure.

You have the right to remain silent while listening to WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News.

turn 3 : The information was told to others when it was not supposed to be told.

turn 3 : The actual meaning of turn 3 is "Thank you for joining us and providing information on the topic."

turn 3 : The actual meaning of this turn is to be aware of the potential consequences of what you write in emails and to be careful with what you say via email.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be suggesting that there are some hidden or unknown factors that could influence the situation being discussed.

turn 3 :  implies that you should be mindful of the information you hear and stay informed.


Yeah. Did Joan love Ray, really?

You know, it's easy to think that perhaps she married him because of his money. But it's been hard to sort of root out exactly what she felt. What she said in interviews a number of times was very circumspect - what is love?But I do know that people who knew them both say that it was a long passion - that it wasn't just as simple as a beautiful, young woman running off with a rich man. Certainly, you know, the facts bear that out. It took them so long to get together, and there was a huge price to be paid with both their families.

She really made a difference in the way we think of and treat addiction, didn't she?

Oh, she did, and in such an interesting time. In the '70s, even before Betty Ford had famously stepped forward and talked about her struggles, Joan was convening people who were early thinkers in how to treat people differently. You know, AA had been around, of course, for decades. But there was a movement in the '70s to get people to look at the whole person with alcoholism. And Joan was really passionate about getting the word out.

turn 1 : This statement implies the complexity of Joan's personality and the interesting contradictions in her life and actions.

turn 1 : The implied meaning here is not about the fairness or accuracy of the idea, but rather about whether Joan Kroc's donations were in line with Ray Kroc's beliefs and whether Joan acted out of spite or not.

turn 1 : Joan was a pioneer in the treatment of alcoholism and was passionate about spreading awareness of the issue.

turn 1 : (2) "What she said in interviews a number of times was very circumspect - what is love?" - Implied meaning: Joan was not able to directly answer the question of whether she loved Ray or not, as her answers were often evasive and indirect.


Yeah. Did Joan love Ray, really?

turn 3 : Joan was a pioneer in the treatment of alcoholism and was passionate about spreading awareness of the issue.

turn 3 : Joan felt a sense of responsibility with the money she had and was determined to use it for good causes. She was not averse to living lavishly.

turn 3 : (4) "Joan was really passionate about getting the word out" - Implied meaning: Joan was determined to spread awareness of the new way to treat people with addiction.

turn 3 : has a figurative meaning, as it is implying a joke about the idea of Dame Stella turning her experiences into a novel.


Indeed, in fact, even over the last few hours. What we're hearing - and this really is hot off the presses, I haven't even been able to confirm it - is that the opposition, Morgan Tsvangirai's Movement for Democratic Change, is calling for a strike next week. I'm told that leaflets are being handed around town saying that there should be a strike next week, and this is clearly in protest of the delay in the release of the presidential elections.

The high court, by the way, the judge who is hearing the opposition's petition to have these results released urgently, is meant to be ruling on Monday.

Do you know why we hadn't gotten the results before now?

Ha!Tony, if I knew that, I would be a very wealthy woman. You know, it depends who you talk to. On the government's side, they're saying there has to meticulous, and this is a word we keep hearing, meticulous verification of the results. The government party, President Mugabe's ZANU-PF, has also alleged irregularities and misconduct in how the vote was carried out. And in fact, some election officials have even been arrested apparently for undercounting up to 5,000 votes in Mugabe's favor.

turn 0 : News coverage can cause people to pay more attention to things that were happening anyway.

turn 0 : The press is biased and not interested in reporting positive news about Iraq.

turn 0 : The chaos in the White House is providing a lot of news content for journalists to cover.

turn 0 : hot of the presses implies that the news is very new

turn 0 : "the hottest off the press" implies the most popular being newly printed.


We should explain that money is not an issue. More than 80,000 people have donated to a fundraising campaign to support the Gard family. Why do you feel this case has drawn such, at this point, international attention?

I think it has sparked outrage because it gets down to the point of whose child is Charlie?Does Charlie belong to the state, or does Charlie belong to his parents?And if he belongs to his parents, then they should be given the right - and not the government, not the hospital, not the courts - to decide Charlie's fate because the moment they turn off the ventilator, he's going to die.

Would a life spent on a ventilator be worth living?

From the Christian perspective, yes because every single human life is valuable. His life has meaning. And if his parents want to increase and prolong and give him the best chance possible, the hospital has no right to step in the role of the parents to try to give their son the best chance possible.

turn 3 : The implied meaning is that B's special person is being given the utmost care and protection.

turn 3 : The actual meaning, however, is emphasizing the importance of honoring the parents' decision and questioning the hospital's interference in the parents' role and their desire to provide Charlie with the best possible care and chance for survival.

turn 3 : This turn is literal in meaning, as it is a straightforward question asking about the speaker's children.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be hinting at a desire or need for help or support from the listener.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using a euphemism or understatement to convey a more significant or sensitive message.


Absolutely. And again, with this fresh production, I think - it's like that Emily Dickinson quote: Tell the truth, but tell it slant. "I think that is originally what Tennessee Williams was getting at with the idea of plastic theater; that it does not have to be a literal expression of the truth. You can come at it from an angle. And what's beautiful here is that John Tiffany, I think, takes that literally and created this abstract set with Bob Crowley. And what's also interesting to me, Scott, is that John is English, and Bob Crowley, the set designer, is Irish. And John said to me, you know, doing Tennessee Williams in America is like an American stage director doing Shakespeare in the UK. And this season there we have Pinter, we have Beckett, there are revivals of Shakespeare - but Tennessee Williams is the only American playwright being revived on Broadway in the fall.

With all due regard to Beckett and Shakespeare and the other fine playwrights you mentioned, I'd put Tennessee Williams up against all seven or eight of them.

I would too. I would too.

Barbara Chai of the Wall Street Journal. Thanks so much for being with us.

turn 1 : "The question that hangs over all of this is whether Judge Jackson here in D.C. is going to make him serve, whatever sentence she gives him, simultaneously or stagger it." - The actual meaning here is that the question is whether Manafort will have to serve his sentence in D.C. in addition to the sentence he received in Virginia, or whether the sentences will be served at the same time.

turn 1 : The actual meanings of (1) and (3) are different from their literal meanings. In (1), the speaker is implying that he would be prejudiced against a Green Bay Packers fan, rather than simply picking on them

turn 1 : "I'd put Tennessee Williams up against all seven or eight of them." The actual meaning here implies that the speaker considers Tennessee Williams to be on par with or equal to the other mentioned playwrights, rather than comparing them in a literal sense.

turn 1 : This statement implies that the New Yorker's testimony about Kavanaugh sexual assault was countered by the 65 women signatories to Kavanaugh good character in High school.

turn 1 : The book "What Would Martin Say?" uses King's speeches and life to guess his possible stance on current issues such as the Iraq war, affirmative action, and black leadership. The author, Clarence B. Jones, who was one of King's closest advisers, provides his interpretation of King's views.