Well, one of the first things you do when you find out somebody who shares your name is say, oh, where's your family from?So I told him my family was Romanian and many had come over after World War II. And he told me when I asked him that his family was indeed descended from a sort of aristocratic Austrian family and that he was clearly not wealthy now. There had once been a family fortune, but as he put it, mother lived too long.

Mother lived too long.

Mother lived too long.

And so this acquaintance blossomed over the years, and so you got to know him a little bit.

turn 1 : The actual meaning of (3) is, A is expressing a feeling of sadness and nostalgia over the loss of a loved one.

turn 1 : The implied meaning is that the demise of all people on earth is not a reason to be optimistic.

turn 1 : would be that a mother was still alive and living for a long time, while the actual meaning is that due to her long life, the family fortune had been depleted.

turn 1 : They wished luck to people that are trying to make changes in their lives that make them act different or live different than they did before.


Mother lived too long.

Mother lived too long.

turn 2 : that the acquaintance between the two people had grown over the years.

turn 2 : A had an inappropriate relationship with an older man at a young age.

turn 2 : The statement implies that the relationship was from childhood but has now taken a new dimension.

turn 2 : The speaker's childhood experiences were similar to those in the photograph

turn 2 : His memory had these girls staying the way they were and not changing into what they are now.


Obviously, everything in this book is something that I concluded is accurate and true. That's a process of, do I trust my source?No. 1. And then I, you know, like to hear it a couple of times.

I'm thinking of the famous Watergate stories by Woodward and Bernstein. It was said that their standard was they wanted to hear two sources. Was that your standard?Anything in here is by two sources?

Most everything in here is either by multiple sources or, in some cases, by someone I absolutely trust.

Does the president talk to you anymore?

turn 1 : The FBI intentionally avoided revealing that the Hillary Clinton campaign paid for the Steele dossier.

turn 1 : The people who were part of the Watergate investigation team still held onto their youthful idealism.

turn 1 : The news organization prioritizes accuracy over speed in reporting breaking news (1 suspect in custody confirmed)

turn 1 : A relies on multiple sources to ensure accuracy, unlike Watergate reporters who required two sources

turn 1 : The other journalists are fascinated by the reason behind the interest in the candidate Senator Obama.


Now, Steve, everything I've just said has a caveat. OK?As you'd mentioned, yesterday the administration lightened their touch and said American tech firms could keep engaging in existing business with Huawei until mid-August. That's presumably to give some transition or prep time.

Is it really possible that the administration could raise these alarms of Chinese spying through Huawei equipment - that's the scenario they put out - and then just let the business go on?

Sure. That's totally possible. And there would be a precedent for that. Last year, President Trump banned sales to another Chinese phone-maker, ZTE, also citing national security concerns. That basically brought China's president to the bargaining table. And then Trump announced ZTE would pay a billion-dollar fine to do business with America again. So you know, maybe - maybe - the Huawei ban is a move to create leverage. In the last couple of weeks, the Trump administration has increased tariffs on $60 billion worth of Chinese goods, too. China's responded and, you know, tensions are growing.

You have underlined for us how deeply engaged U. S.  companies are already with Huawei, whether it's a small rural phone provider here in the United States or service provider in the United States or whether it's Google operating in Europe. How are tech companies responding?

turn 0 : This phrase does not mean that the speaker is physically in a dark place or lacks light. It figuratively means that there is a lack of understanding or knowledge about dark matter.

turn 0 : "his brain has been touched by God" - This turn has a figurative meaning and is not meant to be taken literally. It is a common expression used to describe someone who is exceptionally intelligent or talented.

turn 0 : lightened their touch implies to say their minds or to speak for everyone to understand and not putting on touch light

turn 0 : a sense means that there is an understanding

turn 0 : wake up implies for the persons to come back to their normal senses and not to dull or be fulled anymore


turn 2 : There are several issues that could lead to conflict between US and China in the short term

turn 2 : It implies that there is a lot of political maneuvering happening behind the scenes in China which an average Chinese person have no knowledge about.

turn 2 : By pointing out that China is a peer competitor to the United States he's saying that the trade war with China is sort of slow-going because they're a well-matched opponent.

turn 2 : China is trying to negotiate the best possible deal while doing as little as possible to please Trump.

turn 2 : This implies the growing economic war between Trump administration and China.


Oil aside, do the two countries have different interests in the region?

Saudi Arabia is particularly worried by the U. S.  trying to reach a nuclear deal with Iran. Saudi Arabia sees Iran kind of backing groups in Syria and in Lebanon and in Yemen and Iraq. And Saudi is seeing itself as increasingly surrounded. And it, you know, Saudis don't really think the U. S.  understands how deeply concerned it is about regional security and about its own security right now.

We understand that there are activists in Saudi Arabia - human rights activists, activists for women's rights, greater women's rights in Saudi Arabia - who had wanted President Obama and other U. S.  officials to kind of step in and voice their concerns. No indication whatever, that happened. Is there disappointment?

There was. Saudi women that I talked to after the visit said they didn't really expect Obama to kind of endanger the makeup visit by bringing women's rights up or just human rights up. And they said in that sense, the trip met their expectations. Saudi activists say that there is a state crackdown going on - on dissent and free speech - since the Arab Spring uprisings. And they say it's kind of a very dark time in the kingdom for them, and they think the U. S.  is not really doing too much to help them out of it.

turn 2 :  B: What do you read into Iran's outspoken criticism of Saudi Arabia over these deaths? (implied meaning: What do you think is the underlying meaning behind Iran's criticism of Saudi Arabia?)

turn 2 : That's his argument. He says it's uncomfortable but these questions need to be asked, otherwise powerful people can get away with terrible things."  Implicated meaning: The speaker acknowledges that the questions being proposed might cause discomfort, but they are necessary to prevent powerful individuals from evading consequences for their atrocious deeds. Without asking these challenging questions, there is a risk of enabling the privileged to escape accountability for their actions.

turn 2 : (3) Although the question appears to be asking whether there is disappointment among Saudi activists about President Obama and other U.S. officials not voicing their concerns about human rights in Saudi Arabia, the actual meaning is that the question is raising the issue of whether there is disappointment that such concerns were not voiced during President Obama's visit.

turn 2 :  implies that the questioner is asking if the effort to repeal the Affordable Care Act is completely over, while (4) implies that the questioner is suggesting that there are more important issues that the conversation could have started with than North Korea or Russia.

turn 2 : This implies that the book contains criticisms and negative opinions about the Obama administration's handling of Guantanamo Bay detainees.


turn 3 : (4) A: This is very standard stuff. (implied meaning: This type of disagreement between Iran and Saudi Arabia is not unusual or surprising.)

turn 3 : The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker is a supporter of Obama and is not afraid to express it publicly, even if it goes against the expectations of his mother.

turn 3 : (4) Although the response appears to be saying that Saudi women did not expect President Obama to bring up women's or human rights during his visit, the actual meaning is that they did not want him to bring up those issues during his visit, as it could have endangered the visit.

turn 3 :  implies that something else is going on behind the scenes that is not typical of director changes, (3) implies that the Obama-era appointee was trying to protect the agency in an unconventional way, and (4) implies that the White House is attempting to justify their side of the argument by citing the law.

turn 3 : Saudi Arabia has historically not been supportive of Palestinian rights.


Unlike other more indigenous groups to Afghanistan - like the Taliban, which generally tries not to kill civilians, at least as much as possible - ISIS in Afghanistan has done exactly the opposite. Much like their brethren in Iraq and Syria, anybody is game.

How big a threat are they?Have they eclipsed the Taliban?

Well, I think one has to put ISIS in Afghanistan into perspective. They are not a populist movement. They don't have a large support base either among Afghans or a large number of fighters. U. S.  estimates are down in the 2-to-3,000 realm, which is an order of magnitude lower than the Taliban. But what they're willing to do is to conduct high-profile attacks against Afghan and international targets in cities like Jalalabad and Kabul. And that makes them certainly a threat, but it doesn't make them a threat to overthrow the Kabul regime.

Is there coordination between the Taliban, or are they rivals?

turn 0 : Despite the relief of averted war, people are still afraid of the war on terror and the potential for civilian casualties.

turn 0 : Being called a Muslim terrorist is hurtful and dangerous.

turn 0 : Despite efforts to shelter them, hospitals in Syria are being targeted during military operations.

turn 0 : ISIS in Afghanistan kills civilians unlike the Taliban

turn 0 : The rebels are effectively using weapons they captured from Syrian airbases.


turn 2 : ISIS in Afghanistan is a threat through high-profile attacks

turn 2 : The situation in Afghanistan is unstable and dangerous, and there are concerns about the security of the upcoming elections despite government assurances.

turn 2 : Al-Qaeda is the most likely terrorist group to use weapons

turn 2 : So this attack is raising one of these fundamental issues that we talk about in the security world about whether NSA surveillance protects people or creates unexpected damage that does more harm than good."


I was only able to speak with them very briefly. I did ask the mother - I said, where are you from?And she said, we're from Honduras. And I said, well, how long have you been traveling to get to this place right now?And she looked at me and said, we've been on the road for a month. And I knew at that moment that this point in their journey, which was very emotional for me to see them being detained, for them was just part of a very, very long journey.

You're an award-winning photographer, and you've covered war and chaos. And I should mention that we're friends because we often covered the same things in the Middle East and Latin America. And you've been taking pictures at the border for the last decade. What did you see this past week more broadly?

Having covered this story for the last 10 years, I've seen a lot along the way. But in this case, this last week, it was different because I knew that what happened after these pictures were taken was going to be something very different. Most of us here had heard the news that the administration had planned to separate families. And these people really had no idea about this news. And it was hard to take these pictures, knowing what was coming next.

Yeah. This took a toll on you. You spoke about that in the Getty Images blog.

turn 3 : He felt like he was watching a contestant on a game show.

turn 3 : The disaster was so immense and overwhelming that it was hard to comprehend.

turn 3 : The heart was not changed but the opinions of the person were.

turn 3 : It affected the young people's emotions when they saw what happened.

turn 3 : It made the person feel sadness and it was hard for them to see.


The strategy, Scott, is really hard to describe in Syria. So in Iraq, there is a clear strategy. You can like it or not, or you can say it's succeeding or not, but it's basically to build up the capacity of the Iraqi security forces to battle ISIL. To help build up more capacity in Sunni areas and the Anbar province. . .

Well, but let me - forgive me, Senator.

Yeah.

I don't want to impersonate the last debate that we just saw, but we've just got. . .

turn 1 : The actual meaning of the turn in (3) is that if the Senate only performs a ritual of asking hard questions without any intention to actually vet the judges, then declining to do that ritual is an important signal.

turn 1 : The speaker is acknowledging and agreeing with the previous speaker's statement, but does not provide any additional information or opinion. The meaning of this turn depends on the context of the conversation.

turn 1 : the literal meaning implies that B is asking for forgiveness from the Senator. However, the implied meaning is that B wants to interject or interrupt the conversation, acknowledging the potential interruption in a polite manner.

turn 1 : Although the literal meaning of this turn is simply an acknowledgement or agreement, the implied meaning behind it is that the speaker may not be fully engaged or interested in the conversation. It could be interpreted as a way of signaling disinterest or a desire to move on to a different topic.


. . . About 30 seconds left.

OK.

Do you think the administration perceives ISIS as a greater threat than the Assad regime in Syria and is making that choice in so many words?

Scott, that's the problem. The Iraq strategy is clear, but the Syria strategy is a muttle (ph) because there's a desire to the defeat ISIL. And we've had some success with the Kurds in the north, but there hasn't been a clear strategy vis-a-vis Assad. These are two problems that are connected, and you can't have a strategy that's just about one. We're hoping for a, you know, a strong outcome to these discussions in Geneva, the restart of a peace discussion about Syria. But we've been pursuing a strategy in Syria that's kind of a half strategy without having a strategy on Assad and the refugee crisis and so many other (unintelligible) for that.

turn 2 : (4) Implied meaning: The United States has to choose between Assad and ISIS, and it should prioritize the destruction of ISIS.

turn 2 :  (3) implies that B is asking A to comment on the administration's decision to prioritize the threat of ISIS over the Assad regime in Syria,

turn 2 : A is being sarcastic in response to B's question and implies that there are many drawbacks to partnering with Bashar al-Assad.

turn 2 : In (1), A is expressing a pessimistic view about the chances of success for the peace talks in Syria. A is highlighting a major obstacle to the talks, which is the opposing views on the future of Bashar al-Assad's presidency. A is suggesting that this disagreement is a significant barrier to progress and is indicating that there are no positive examples from the past to suggest that the talks will be successful.


. . . About 30 seconds left.

OK.

turn 3 : In (4), the speaker is implying that the U.S. is not necessarily looking forward to the fall of Assad, but rather is trying to prepare for it.

turn 3 : (4) Implied meaning: The United States has to choose between Assad and ISIS, and it should prioritize the destruction of ISIS.

turn 3 :  (4) implies that the US is trying to reach a political solution to the conflict in Syria, but without a strategy to deal with Assad and the refugee crisis.

turn 3 : The literal meaning of this turn is that the ICRC should do more about Syria, but the implied meaning is that some people might find this conversation interesting, but they may ask why the ICRC is not doing more to help with the situation in Syria.

turn 3 : There is a lack of progress in the political process for the Syrian crisis.


If you like animals, you should check out this video.

And they have all these animals that are - they're flying. They're on - they have them on treadmills. They have - they try to get them off the cabinets inside the lab.

It doesn't necessarily want to be on there, although they do seem sort of OK with it.

turn 2 : The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker has become used to working with frogs and can even enjoy eating frog legs as part of the study.

turn 2 :  The turn of phrase whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning is:  (2) "out of the gate" - in this context, it means how well the horse starts the race from the starting gate, rather than literally coming out of a gate.

turn 2 :  (2) is a metaphor that implies the speaker was impressed by the announcer's ability to quickly and accurately recite all the names of the horses.

turn 2 : "Yeah. I mean, you know, of course, if you're going to get a guinea fowl on the treadmill, it's not that like the guinea fowl is, like, yeah, I'm really looking for a workout. Thank you." The literal meaning of this turn is that the guinea fowl is not interested in working out on the treadmill. However, the actual meaning is that guinea fowls are not natural runners and would not run on treadmills in the wild.

turn 2 :  The speaker is using running as a metaphor for the struggles and sacrifices that are necessary in life and the importance of embracing them, even when they are difficult.


Oh, yes. On Friday morning, I was involved in a lockout drill at one of my high schools as I was sitting in a counseling office, talking with a student.

And I guess as a parent, I have learned to be grateful that these drills are held. But I wonder if there are some students who aren't panicked by the drills in and of themselves.

It can be a very scary experience. It's a reality now that our students in our schools are preparing for. So when we do a drill, we don't tell our students they are drills because we need them to take everything seriously. And we want to normalize and help them feel calm during those things. And I've also wondered, what is the impact of doing these drills for our students?

Well, you're a gifted counselor. What do you think it might be?

turn 3 : The person is asking the other person if they can say someting that might make them think differently about something.

turn 3 : the question "How difficult do you think that is likely to be?" is not actually asking for a prediction of the level of difficulty. The interviewer is asking about the author's thoughts on the sustainability of publishing an anthology annually.

turn 3 : not a literal meaning but rather a rhetorical question.

turn 3 : "What do you think it might be?" - The literal meaning of this question is asking for the speaker's opinion. However, the implied meaning is that the speaker is acknowledging the other person's expertise and asking for their professional assessment of the situation.


It's my pleasure, Scott.

You started out in your 40s?

No, I started out professionally in my 40s, but I was acting as a - since I was 9 years old. And as a young man trying to make a living, I was an exterminator, but I was doing community theater for many years before I finally went ahead with it as a professional.

Forgive me. - you were an exterminator?

turn 0 :  (2) Pleasure, Scott. (implied meaning: It is a pleasure to be here with you, Scott.)

turn 0 : "It's my pleasure, Scott." - This is a polite response to express that the speaker is happy to help or serve Scott in some way. The literal meaning is simply that the speaker is feeling pleasure.

turn 0 : Literal meaning: A is thanking Scott for something. Actual meaning: The actual meaning is the same as the literal meaning.

turn 0 : "Thank you" - The literal meaning is an expression of gratitude or appreciation.


. . . dominated by one single country.

And this in the context of several deals to construct dams with the power going to China, constructed by Chinese companies and virtually Chinese sovereign states that were constructed to accommodate the workers for these facilities.

Yeah. And this is the way that Chinese work all over the region, and then that's why a lot of countries in the region are fearful to Chinese. They're very generous with their loans. Most of the loans don't require any payback. But they send in their own workers to construct the projects, and then obviously, most of the benefits go back to the Chinese. You see that all over in Southeast Asia.

We're talking with Michael Sullivan, the long-time Southeast Asia correspondent for NPR News, now, a freelance reporter based in Northern Thailand and recently returned from another trip to Myanmar, the country also known as Burma. You're listening to TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News. And one of the changes, Michael, I have to ask you about censorship in Burma; tightly controlled media for many, many years or decades. Has that begun to loosen up?

turn 3 : The Myanmar government is preventing international monitors from overseeing the situation, indicating they have something to hide.

turn 3 :  (4) suggests that the government of Myanmar has started to relax its restrictions on the media.

turn 3 : The government of Myanmar is not allowing international monitors to oversee the situation.

turn 3 : The government and military of Myanmar are responsible for the mistreatment of the Rohingya.

turn 3 : The Chinese government wanted to control the narrative portrayed by the foreign journalists.


Look, I think the president's actually been very clear about the things that he wants. He wants to address border security, he wants to deal with chain migration, and he wants to deal with the lottery. And he's certainly willing to provide legal status for DREAMers. So if those are your four principle points and they've been known for months, there ought to be a way to reach an agreement.

Border security means a wall?

It means border security. The president's acknowledged he's not talking about a wall from sea to shining sea. But it does require physical structures in a lot of places. Back in 2006, Congress actually voted for about twice the amount of physical barriers that we have today - so finishing that off, rebuilding parts of it. But again, as both General Kelly and the president acknowledged, we're not talking about a wall across the entire length of the border. But we are calling for much more intense border security.

Representative Tom Cole of Oklahoma, thanks for joining us.

turn 0 : B confirms that the president is a recent one and hints at Bill Clinton being the right answer.

turn 0 : There is evidence that would support the Presidents statement.

turn 0 : The president will propose something new later today

turn 0 : A: Look, I think the president's actually been very clear about the things that he wants... So if those are your four principle points and they've been known for months, there ought to be a way to reach an agreement.  Implication: A is suggesting that the four principle points that the president has mentioned are clear and have been discussed for months, and therefore there should be a way to reach an agreement based on them.


Border security means a wall?

turn 1 : B is asking for clarification about what "border security" means, specifically if it means building a physical structure along the entire border.

turn 1 : B implies that they are skeptical that border security means a wall.

turn 1 : "sharing intelligence" and "protecting their external borders" - These are non-literal uses of "sharing" and "protecting" meaning "cooperating and exchanging information" and "strengthening border security," respectively, not literal physical actions.

turn 1 : B implies that coming forward and giving information to the government was risky or dangerous


Border security means a wall?

turn 2 : B implies that they are skeptical that border security means a wall.

turn 2 : "sharing intelligence" and "protecting their external borders" - These are non-literal uses of "sharing" and "protecting" meaning "cooperating and exchanging information" and "strengthening border security," respectively, not literal physical actions.

turn 2 : It means border security... But we are calling for much more intense border security.  Implication: A is clarifying that "border security" does not only mean building a wall, but also includes other measures, such as physical barriers in certain areas and intensified security measures overall.

turn 2 :  (4) Implies an acknowledgement of the dangerous risks taken when crossing the border illegally.


No, that felt great. Did it make up?I can't go back to my life pre-June 1, 2017, where I'm getting smeared. And as a Muslim, being attacked with the worst anti-Muslim trope you can say is that I'm a Muslim and I'm a terrorist. So it was very painful. It was painful to have friends and family express concerns. It was painful to contact security at Daily Beast and my radio channel to say, hey, we might be visited by white supremacists coming to kill me. And they might kill innocent people I work with. That was all horrible.

But through this all, I've never once questioned doing this. This is the right thing to do. It's the thing we have to do. And I'm happy we got the judgment. And we're going to continue. And I hope it inspires others and gives them a roadmap to say, don't be silent. There are lawyers who will represent you - I'm not kidding - free of charge for this kind of work to make it clear that we're not going to cower from these people. We're going to sue them. We're going to win. We're going to get their money.

That's Dean Obeidallah. He's the host of "The Dean Obeidallah Show" on Sirius XM. He's a columnist for The Daily Beast. And he's a comedian and a former lawyer. Dean, thanks so much for talking to us.

Thanks for having me on, Michel. I appreciate it.

turn 0 : "calling for the killing off of nonbelievers" - This phrase does not literally mean that the person is calling for the killing of nonbelievers, but rather it suggests that the person is promoting violent extremist ideologies and possibly inciting violence against nonbelievers.

turn 0 : ISIS in Afghanistan kills civilians unlike the Taliban

turn 0 : Despite the relief of averted war, people are still afraid of the war on terror and the potential for civilian casualties.

turn 0 : Being called a Muslim terrorist is hurtful and dangerous.

turn 0 : The protest has been peaceful despite potential for violence.


turn 1 : Being engaged in the political process is important for protesting against things you disagree with.

turn 1 : It's important to stand up to hate and bigotry by taking legal action.

turn 1 : They think it does make the government look bad to the public.

turn 1 : People are starting to notice and take action on the issue.


We've been going on the assumption - I suppose largely from movies - that dinosaurs made a big noise. They're such big creatures. Why do you think we're wrong.

Most dinosaur sounds are based on models that are more like lions and tigers and bears. And we know that the two groups of animals alive today that are most closely related to extinct dinosaurs are birds and crocodilians. In fact, birds are living dinosaurs.

So you look at the way birds make noises?

Exactly. That's what we did in this particular study. We looked at one aspect of vocal behavior, which is whether the mouth is open or closed. And we looked at living dinosaurs - birds. We have 10,000 species today. Most of them vocalize, sing with an open mouth. But some birds produce sound with a closed mouth. They actually inflate different structures that allow them to resonate, often at lower frequencies than many other birds. But we also needed to look at alligators and crocodiles as the closest cousins to dinosaurs.

turn 0 : Dinosaurs might have used visual and vocal signals to communicate with each other.

turn 0 : The implied meaning of this turn is that the recent discoveries about feathers and filaments on certain species of dinosaurs have enabled us to gain a better understanding of their visual and vocal communication.

turn 0 : The research has advanced to the point where we can now explore the possibilities of what vocal communication extinct dinosaurs might have had.

turn 0 : (1) We've been going on the assumption - I suppose largely from movies - that dinosaurs made a big noise. Actual meaning: We have been mistakenly assuming that dinosaurs were very loud creatures based on what we have seen in movies.

turn 0 :  is actually asking if A's findings are related to the discovery that some dinosaurs had feathers, rather than just asking for a literal explanation of the findings.


I think it's really important to understand that this is literally part of our human condition, right?We're a pack species. We like other people to like us. We like them to know what we're doing. And we've been doing this for centuries, whether it was commissioning portraits, whether it was sending postcards from our trips, whether it was holding our neighbors hostage and making them watch 10,000 slides from our family vacation. This is part of who we are. It's just a matter of managing it effectively.

If this is an essential part of the human condition, are these fatalities just going to keep happening?

I think so. I think so. There are some measures in place to kind of help with those people who are accidentally finding themselves in the situation of taking risky selfies. I think the more difficult question to ask is, what do we do with those people who are deliberately trying to find that high-risk selfie moment?

I mentioned the U. S.  Forest Service warning against bear selfies and Yellowstone having this safe selfie pledge. What other steps are being taken to try to keep people safe?

turn 0 : The turn (1) "holding our neighbors hostage and making them watch 10,000 slides from our family vacation" is an example of figurative language and its actual meaning is not literal. The speaker is using exaggeration to emphasize how people have always had a desire to share their experiences with others, even if it means subjecting them to boring slideshows.

turn 0 : All the turns in this conversation appear to have their literal meanings, and there are no metaphors, figurative language or idioms used.

turn 0 : Turn (1) has an example of a phrase whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning. When the speaker says "their head coach, John Tortorella, is entertainment in and of himself," they mean that John Tortorella is very entertaining to watch or listen to, rather than that he is a form of media or content.

turn 0 : None of the turns in this conversation have a figurative or non-literal meaning.

turn 0 : Implied meaning: The speaker is indirectly suggesting that they may have information or opinions that they are hesitant to share openly.


turn 2 : In both of these turns, the implied meaning goes beyond the literal words used. The speaker is not simply asking about the reasons behind the human need to look at themselves or stating that it is innate and related to genetics. The implied meaning suggests a deeper exploration of human psychology and the significance of self-reflection as a part of our daily

turn 2 : The turn (3) "those people who are accidentally finding themselves in the situation of taking risky selfies" is an example of figurative language, as the phrase "accidentally finding themselves" implies a lack of agency or responsibility. In reality, individuals make a conscious decision to take risky selfies, and this phrase may be used to downplay their responsibility for their actions.

turn 2 : In Turn (4), when A says, "And then I look silly in it," they are not suggesting that they are physically looking at themselves while taking the photo, but rather that they appear foolish or ridiculous in the photo.

turn 2 : The fact that people want to take selfies with terrorists is surprising and absurd.


Anyway, let's talk about Oprah, her TV show, her magazine, popularity in general taking a hit?Do you think it's because she picked a candidate in this race?

I think, that's probably partially what it is. I mean, she does have a very mainstream audience of women, who - a lot of them supported Hillary Clinton, so I'm sure that has something to do with it. But I also take it just a sign of the time. I mean, she's been dominant for a very long time, and you know, there comes a time when that ends, or it certainly begins to fall off a little bit, and I sort of think it's a combination of both.

I don't think it's just her support of Obama, because if you think about it, she really has not really been out there supporting him since January. She did her thing and she pretty much stepped away from it. But I think that when you combine that with the fact that she's dominated for 20 years, and Ellen now is sort of the popular person with all the celebrity guests, I just think it's time to pass the mantle on some level.

Oprah can pass the mantle anytime and still be a billionaire.

turn 0 : Popularity is important for the outdoor world, but it can have negative effects on natural areas.

turn 0 : Taking a hit means by having the popularity be less recognizable.

turn 0 : to give an idea means to tell them their opinion, or what is happening

turn 0 : They had a hard time coming up with something that would amaze and impress people.


turn 3 : To bring recognition to several people in the field.

turn 3 : This is a day where a something very important has happened or is happening.

turn 3 : Pass the mantle means by passing one recognition to another person.

turn 3 : to pay tribute means to do something respectfully to someone else

turn 3 : "going to be bright and in people's faces" - This is a figurative expression that means the light will be very intense and noticeable.


It's a really exciting time for us, Ira, to - it's only five years in, and it's been a tremendous success story for the company. Handsets really have taken off. We're at a point now where almost half of all handsets in the world made are smartphones with some type of touch capability.

And then I'm sure you know of tablet computers, are very exciting, have grown quite magnificently in the last few years. And the market is starting to think about expanding touch interfaces with the different devices. If you think about your laptop computer, for example, or monitors or tabletops, even the front of a refrigerator, there's a lot more applications out there, we feel.

We feel that touch and the interface of touch is only going to grow.

Do you have to design and engineer the glass specifically to be touched as a utility?

turn 0 : on and off means in this context that they are doing something then not doing something

turn 0 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer

turn 0 : The actual meaning is that smartphones with touch capabilities have become very popular, not that handsets have literally taken off.

turn 0 : has a literal meaning of "Yes, the numbers aren't looking good for the person," but its actual meaning is "It looks like the person isn't likely to succeed."


turn 0 : Advancements in wheelchair technology will make it easier for everyday wheelchair users to lift them in and out of vehicles.

turn 0 : Apple did not protect the feature that is most associated with their product.

turn 0 : The company has had great success with smartphones and touch-capable devices.

turn 0 : People want to work hard for things.

turn 0 : Speech has enabled us to communicate more effectively and creatively, enabling us to come up with solutions and strategies to deal with situations.


turn 3 : Designing and engineering glass for touch functionality is necessary.

turn 3 : The appearance of the glass chamber is impressive. (not the appearance of something else

turn 3 : The glass is not unbreakable despite being strengthened.

turn 3 : not a physical drawing board or easel, but the most important thing on an agenda or plan; not a physically big-in-size plan, but a plan with many elements or parts to it

turn 3 :  (4) "Delicately" - This word implies that the speaker is referring to a sensitive and delicate issue.


The children of Jamal Khashoggi have begun receiving compensation. Khashoggi was the journalist from Saudi Arabia who vanished last year. After initial denials, Saudi authorities now acknowledge he was killed after he walked into a Saudi Consulate in Istanbul. The newspaper that once published Khashoggi's columns, The Washington Post, now reports on apparent early moves toward paying blood money to Khashoggi's relations.

Greg Miller reported this story for The Post. Good morning, sir.

Good morning.

What have the children been paid?

turn 0 : It is suggested that the meeting between Jamal Khashoggi's son and the crown prince was staged to give the impression that he is safe and free to leave Saudi Arabia.

turn 0 : The Saudi leadership is responsible for the murder of Khashoggi, but they are trying to distance themselves from it

turn 0 : Jamal Khashoggi was killed by Saudi authorities after he walked into a Saudi Consulate in Istanbul.

turn 0 : The United States government intervened to secure the safe departure of Jamal Khashoggi's son, despite the Saudi royal family's ban on his travel.

turn 0 : This statement implies that President Trump has a history of not trusting U.S. intelligence agencies, which may affect his response to the CIA report on the killing of Jamal Khashoggi.


Good morning.

What have the children been paid?

turn 3 :  "What have the children been paid?" The implied meaning is not simply asking for information about the amount of compensation the children received, but rather questioning the ethics and morality of the situation, suggesting that it is inappropriate for the children to receive compensation for their father's death.

turn 3 : Representation in court is necessary for children's cases.

turn 3 : "I am glad somebody is finally speaking up and saying that parents are having a tough time footing the bill for things that should have been paid for through their tax dollars and paid through the school system." - The actual meaning is that the person is glad someone is raising awareness about the issue of parents having to pay for things that should have been covered by taxes and the school system.

turn 3 : This turn is literal in meaning, as it is a straightforward question asking about the speaker's children.

turn 3 : The courts did not have enough evidence to hold the children in custody.


But you can actually trace the Denisovan material in some populations but not in others in Island Southeast Asia. It's very easy to see because it's very distinct from modern human DNA. It's kind of like a medical imaging dye, and you can actually see who carries them and who doesn't and what the gene flow and migration patterns were.

Fascinating, David Reich, thank you for taking time to be with us today.

Thank you.

And good luck to you. I know you're going to go out hunting for more fossils, more Denisovans.

turn 0 : The genome sequence helps us study the relationship between Neanderthals and Denisovans.

turn 0 : Denisovan material is identifiable in some populations but not in others, and it's easy to distinguish it from modern human DNA

turn 0 : Denisovan girl is less related to Neanderthals than present-day humans.

turn 0 : Despite our racial differences, we are all genetically African.


This is a shattered, disunited party. And the one thing that they have in terms of cohesion is what seems to be, for the most part, their mutual collective disdain for Hillary Rodham Clinton.

Is there an uprising against Speaker Ryan that's already begun?

I think what's going to happen, if - again, if the polls - and we're projecting forward here - those - he's not likely to lose the speakership. The Republicans are likely to retain control. But a number of, quote, unquote, "moderates" or centrists in his caucus are likely to lose. And that means it's Ryan versus what we call the Freedom Caucus - used to be the old Tea Party caucus. So he could come under significant pressure.

Yeah. The numbers aren't necessarily looking his way.

turn 0 : The phrase "it's also a campaign against collective silence"  has a non-literal meaning, as it does not refer to an actual physical campaign but rather a figurative one, meaning that the author's book aims to raise awareness and encourage people to break their silence on the topic.

turn 0 : to draw a lot of hatred means something got a ton of hatred or anger towards it

turn 0 :  This turn actually means that the speaker is more concerned with the alternative (Hillary Clinton, Barack Obama, or Bernie Sanders) than with a "Never Trump" attitude, and that it is important for the country and party to come together despite any reservations about Trump.

turn 0 : The president's words are exaggerated and they are not meant to be taken literally.

turn 0 : "their mutual collective disdain for Hillary Rodham Clinton" is an example of a figurative language that conveys a meaning different from its literal meaning. It suggests that the only thing that unites the party members is their shared dislike for Hillary Clinton, which is not a tangible object that can be shattered or disunited.


Correct.

So, when you write in your - I'm going back to this - your investment outlook essay, Americans don't really understand Wall Street. They may never understand Wall Street. And then you go on in the next sentence to say, oh, and by the way, yours truly, meaning yourself, is learning every day, discovering every day what Wall Street is. I mean, what the heck are the rules now, and if you don't know, who does?

Well, the rules are changing. The balloon was being expanded, and now, the air has been taken out of the balloon, and so the rules are changing in terms of what becomes a safe and a relatively riskless position in this rapidly de-levering world.

Do you think capitalism is fundamentally changed, and if so, how?

turn 1 : You wrote that Americans don't understand Wall Street, but you don't really know what you're talking about either.

turn 1 : You don't like the topic and think it is a joke, not related to Wall Street.

turn 1 : The actual meanings of these turns are: (2) Martin Luther King was killed by a white assassin; (3) America doesn't understand or appreciate the contributions of black leaders during Reconstruction; (4) America's history of racism and white supremacy has been ignored or minimized for many decades.

turn 1 : The implied meaning of this turn is that B is suggesting that the joke is related to Wall Street, such as the stock market and other financial activities.


Good to be here.

So we've been hearing about the trade war week after week for months. How do you see that fitting into the broader U. S. -China relationship right now?

What we really see now is long-term contentious relations between the United States and China. This is a major development that is going to be worked out most likely over the course of decades. China is now, essentially, a peer competitor to the United States. . .

Meaning it has a comparably sized economy.

turn 2 : This implies the growing economic war between Trump administration and China.

turn 2 : There are several issues that could lead to conflict between US and China in the short term

turn 2 : It implies that there is a lot of political maneuvering happening behind the scenes in China which an average Chinese person have no knowledge about.

turn 2 : China is trying to negotiate the best possible deal while doing as little as possible to please Trump.

turn 2 : By pointing out that China is a peer competitor to the United States he's saying that the trade war with China is sort of slow-going because they're a well-matched opponent.


Well, I think anything is possible. It's just impossible with this president. He continues to decide, basically without consultation - from all we can interpret - from advisers or whomever and just decide that this is what I want to do. Sure, he's president. But you would expect the chief executive to listen to his advisers. He said, if I don't get my way, I'm going to shut the government down. He didn't get his way, and we are involved in this shutdown. It's unfortunate, but he asked for it.

I look forward to January 3 coming. And Democrats, at least, can provide the majority leadership in the House to do what we can to try to get the government up and running. It does not include wall funding, but we need to put the tens of thousands of government workers back to work.

That's Bennie Thompson of Mississippi, the ranking Democrat on the House Homeland Security Committee. Congressman, thank you very much.

Thank you.

turn 1 : tens of thousands implies very numerous or uncountable number of people

turn 1 : tens of thousands refer and implies large number

turn 1 : dozens of people implies a very large number of people

turn 1 : tons of letters implies a very large number and not to full a ton


And, you know, there are many, many different ways to sort of be a poet in America, and some of us work in libraries and some of us work in garages and some of us teach children how to read and some of us work in hospitals. And the thing is just we're passionate about poetry, and I think that's a beautiful thing. We can't be all in one place. We shouldn't be. We have to be scattered about in honor to keep poetry what it has always been.

What are you learning reading all these entries?

Oh, my goodness. I'm learning that the poems that I'm - I've read so far are lush and lyrical and sorrowful and unpretentious and gorgeous and syntactically stunning and well-chiseled. And I can't tell you how many times I've stopped reading to say, how did she or he get her mind and heart around that so beautifully?And so there's some gorgeous books of poems that are out there and that are in this pile this year, and I'm just loving the fact that I'm basically reading poetry all day.

I mean, I've never had the pleasure to have that kind of job before. And when he National Book Award folks called, I thought, oh, this is going to be quite a summer. And it is. I have the books stacked up knee-high, several piles of them. That pile has a label on it, and another pile has another label on it. And I just kind of sit down in the midst of it all and lose myself into that beautiful language.

turn 3 : The author included difficult experiences in the book for a reason.

turn 3 : She hopes people find a way to read the book that she has written.

turn 3 : The person has a great many books in stacks around his home.

turn 3 : His work is odd and seen as very different from what people normally do and/or expect.

turn 3 : It seems like a book that gives advice that helps people get with the one they love, in this case, what they love.


Hey, Tony.

So, a recent New York Times article detailed Oprah Winfrey's growing influence, I should say, in Saudi Arabia, of all places. What's that about?

Well, yeah. "The Oprah Show" first broadcast in Saudi Arabia in November 2004, and it became an instant hit with women 25 and younger in that country, according to the Times. Now, the article reads, in a country where the sexes are separated, Ms.  Winfrey provides many young women with new ways of thinking without striking them, or Saudi Arabia's ruling authorities as subversive. So, you know, Oprah, love her or hate her, is always a flash point for conversation. And on our blog, Jessica writes, it's amazing to see a down to earth black woman from Mississippi appeal to so many different people here in the U. S.  and in other countries. Another reader named Zakita Jones(ph) says, I'm awed at how fast different forms of globalization are taking off and reaching other countries, but Candice James(ph) writes, Oprah works my last nerve. Saudi Arabia can have her!

Speaking of women's issues, another hot topic on our blog this week, women who are choosing to be single mothers. What's been the response?

turn 1 : Oprah popularity and relevance seem to be diminishing due to her side in politics.

turn 1 : Oprah Winfrey's popularity in Saudi Arabia is unexpected.

turn 1 : Oprah is worldwide. (This turn has an implied meaning that Oprah's cultural influence and recognition transcends different cultures and settings)

turn 1 : Not really, no. Because the points of view changes, you know? I think the one - well, I could talk about Oprah. Oprah is worldwide. Yes. (This turn has an implied meaning that Trevor Noah's comedy material doesn't translate well across different cultural settings due to differences in perspectives. The mention of Oprah as a worldwide figure is a way of acknowledging that there are some cultural references that are universally understood)


Hey, Tony.

turn 2 : Oprah Winfrey's show provides young Saudi Arabian women new ideas.

turn 2 : Oprah is worldwide. (This turn has an implied meaning that Oprah's cultural influence and recognition transcends different cultures and settings)

turn 2 : Oprah popularity and relevance seem to be diminishing due to her side in politics.

turn 2 : Not really, no. Because the points of view changes, you know? I think the one - well, I could talk about Oprah. Oprah is worldwide. Yes. (This turn has an implied meaning that Trevor Noah's comedy material doesn't translate well across different cultural settings due to differences in perspectives. The mention of Oprah as a worldwide figure is a way of acknowledging that there are some cultural references that are universally understood)


Oh. . .

. . . equivalent to a nuclear bomb?

Well, it's about - its equivalent - the energy in that explosion is about 10 times the energy in the first atomic bomb. . .

Uh-huh.

turn 2 : The images being shown are very graphic and violent, and our thoughts are with those affected by the explosions

turn 2 : The authorities are not revealing the actual cause of the explosion.

turn 2 : The energy released in the explosion is incredibly powerful.

turn 2 : Not a shell of a bomb, but a very surprising bit of information that shocks people.

turn 2 : The electronic animation is as tiny as coffee granules.


Yeah, absolutely. They'll see Dragon doing a loop around the space station. It's a pretty wide loop, so Dragon will still look pretty small from the space station when it's doing that wide loop around the space station. But I mean, just to visualize things, it's like literally imagine you doing a loop around a bullet that's going 12 times faster than something that came out of an assault rifle.

Yeah.

So it's a dodgy affair.

I know. You know, when - and they first tried this in the '60s.

turn 2 : They are not going to do nothing while the obstruction is going on.

turn 2 : The loop around the space station is a dangerous maneuver

turn 2 : The speaker is suggesting that the situation might not be as serious or dangerous as it initially seemed.

turn 2 : The situation is so dangerous that people who refuse to evacuate should identify themselves in case of death.

turn 2 : The size of the landing pad appears much smaller from space, highlighting the incredible precision required to land a rocket vertically.


Yes, and we looked especially at people who are most likely to think they are lacking in bias, such as the self-described egalitarians, also political liberals. Our sample, being an Internet sample, is not surprising that it was a majority of liberals. And we found that the implicit race attitudes of these liberals and the egalitarians predicted their warmth toward Republican candidates.

So in other words, many white and non-white voters will unconsciously vote against President Obama because of his race, but when asked, they'll give a reason other than race.

That's very likely. This is very hard to tease apart, and our method works by measuring things that you can't really ask people about because they don't know. And we think it's one of a number of factors that play into determining vote. But it's a strong enough factor so that it can actually affect a significant percentage of the vote.

Among Republican candidates, when you polled them, did you see similar racial attitudes towards Herman Cain?

turn 2 : "demographics" implies a deeper analysis of voting patterns beyond just simple demographics like age, race, and gender.

turn 2 : taking race off the table implies that people would not consider race in the election

turn 2 : Factors such as implicit race attitudes can significantly affect the vote.

turn 2 : To protect a  vote means to ensure that you are able to exercise your right to vote and aren’t subject to racism; the vote is not a physical thing.

turn 2 : Interracial interactions can be negatively impacted by implicit racial biases that individuals may not even be aware they possess, highlighting the importance of awareness and education around these biases to promote understanding and positive interactions.


And this doesn't seem to fit the typical counterfeiter.

No, not at all. You know, most counterfeiters are either drug addicts who are eager to raise a quick buck and there. After a few nights without sleep, they get the bright idea to bleach some $5 bills and scan the image of a 20 and then print the artwork, the imagery of the 20 on that same $5 bank note paper. Then on the other end of the spectrum, you have sort of mobsters and thugs, people who are involved in the drug trade or human trafficking, and they are really keen on mass production and, again, a fairly poor quality counterfeit.

Your story details, in fact, two different efforts. The first - well, he found himself in some financial difficulties and spent six months adapting his silkscreen techniques to producing a $100 bill.

turn 2 : Then there is this small group of true craftspeople out there, and a lot of them are really poor when it comes to criminal capabilities, but they are true artists. And, in that sense, Kuhl is right near the top of the heap, as far as talented counterfeiters through history.

turn 2 : Authenticity is crucial for A and lack of it hurts them

turn 2 : Artists need to make mistakes to create something great.

turn 2 : Jared Kushner should not have top-secret security clearance due to errors, financial vulnerabilities, and concealing facts

turn 2 : The KKK is dangerous despite not being intelligent.


I don't think I can get away with that.

Usually, that's the NPR pipeline, isn't it?

Right, exactly. Yeah. You've played a couple games now. How'd they go?

They went well. We played the best team in Poland, actually, in our first game and lost pretty badly. But I played OK. In the second game, we won, which was great. This team was just promoted - the team that I play on - to the first division.

turn 2 : It was a game where the players fought with each other more than played the game.

turn 2 : Asking how the other person is doing with their team in terms of wins and losses.

turn 2 :  The actual meaning of this turn is that professional athletes should take advantage of the opportunities they have and make the most of them, because they may not get the same opportunity again.

turn 2 : The teams were not upset emotionally but picked to win and lost.

turn 2 : Pleases the court could mean "good enough for the court" or something like that.


Here's what used to happen in the old days. People would only put 100,000 dollars in Broadway because they knew that was the maximum FDIC insurance. They put a million dollars in Bank of America. They figured, well, I only - because Bank of America only has the same insurance as we do, only a 100,000. So they left 900,000 dollars uninsured because they said, well, that's Bank of America. I'm only worried about Broadway. I'm not worried about Bank of America.

Hudson says the idea of a smaller bank, where you can actually talk face-to-face with the CEO, is starting to have a lot more appeal. As I sat in Paul Hudson's bank, where quotes by Langston Hughes and Frederick Douglass are painted on the walls, where there is no bulletproof glass, it made a lot of sense to me.

Most people have no relationship with their bank. It's the most impersonal relationship they have. I think that's probably why people are so stressed out about what's going on because it's almost like their world order has been disrupted. The way they thought the world rolled is not the way. So now, they're saying, well, if Merrill Lynch isn't safe, what is safe?You know, is anything safe?

Broadway Federal Bank's Paul Hudson says his bank may not have ATMs in every corner of the country, but what he can offer customers is the security of knowing they won't be needing a bailout anytime soon.

turn 2 : Many people are losing their jobs and companies are going bankrupt.

turn 2 : The current financial situation has disrupted people's sense of security.

turn 2 : People are more afraid of losing than they are of gaining in the stock market.

turn 2 : The economy is doing very poorly, and consumers are struggling to pay their debts and bills.

turn 2 : The majority of security forces are with the people due to the impact of the crisis on their families


I think the sentiment has to change. Two years ago, people were very disappointed about the Occupy Movement that after 71 days, and it came back nothing. But now, the Hong Kong person seems to be - Hong Kong people seems to be much more determined, less (unintelligible). So they have been planting the seed in the heart of the young people.

So this time, we see at the midnight of town, you've got the 300-somethings young peoples being arrested and 80% of them are just 16 to 25 years old. So that's - we haven't been expected. We thought the youngster don't care about politics anymore. But it turns out that those young guys are coming out and becoming the front line. The seed had grown, and they were out.

That is Galileo Cheng. He's a social affairs executive for the Hong Kong Catholic Institution Staff Association. He's been out all day, and he's giving us a report from the front lines of the protests.

Galileo Cheng, thank you so much for talking with us.

Thank you.

turn 0 : China wants Hong Kong to focus on making money and ignore politics

turn 0 : The Hong Kong government is ignoring public opinions.

turn 0 : Hong Kong's autonomy is being gradually eroded before the 2047 deadline

turn 0 : The Hong Kong people are more determined this time and the young people are actively participating in politics

turn 0 : The protests in Hong Kong are not about gaining more democracy or freedom, but rather to protect what they currently have.


Well, I think every writer hopes to bring information to a reader or a viewer. Every artist wants to reach another person through the heart. Something that a novel can do is bring you information in a different way from journalism or all other forms of acquiring information. It brings you inside the mind of another person. So it creates empathy for the theoretical stranger, and that's - it's a fresh avenue, really, for bringing science to a reader, to get to the head via the heart.

Do you have science - we have 30 seconds left. But will we see science in your next book?

Absolutely.

Well, I look forward to it. Thank you for joining us today.

turn 0 : The person refuses to change their mind on what they think about the situation.

turn 0 : a sense means that there is an understanding

turn 0 : You do not actually enter the person's heart or mind, it means that you start to understand their perspective

turn 0 : The person is thinking of a particular person but they are not going to say who.

turn 0 : when hearts go out is said in this context it usually means you're in my thoughts, or I'm thinking of you


Absolutely.

turn 3 : thank you for joining us means thank you for being here

turn 3 : Thank you for inviting me to be here.

turn 3 : you are welcome is implied in response to Thank you very much

turn 3 : The actual meaning of turn 4 is "You are welcome and appreciated for joining us and discussing the topic."

turn 3 : "You're welcome." This turn is an example of conventionalized language, where the speaker uses a set phrase to respond to the expression of gratitude. The literal meaning of "you're welcome" is an invitation for the other person to come in, but in this context, it's used to acknowledge and accept thanks.


Yes.

What is it like coming and finding a place in New York's theater world?Because it can be very tough to even get a little purchase in it, but it sounds like you have found a place with your off-Broadway version of the play that's very comfortable and fulfilling.

Well, it is definitely - yeah, I have to admit, I wish I could sit here and say I knew it was going to happen this way. I was nervous waiting for that New York Times review to come out. You know what that's like. You know, it was like, OK, you know, am I going to get the theater gods' blessing?Because New York it is what it is; it's the Big Apple. It's the biggest theater market in the world. If you can make it, here you can make it anywhere.

So, this feels really good to have, you know, not just the approval from the critics, but just be able to, you know - I shake everyone's hand who buys the ticket every time I perform my show. I stand at the door as people leave the theater; I shake their hand and look them in the eyes and say thank you. So, I really feel like just because the reviews are great, I still know that it's reaching people, and that's what's important to me.

turn 1 : "Theater has definitely been an escape" implies that A sees production and acting as a way to get away from stress and problems in the real world.

turn 1 : The story is emotional and difficult to hear.

turn 1 : Finding success in the New York theater world is difficult.

turn 1 : Being good at something is not enough for success.


Yes.

turn 3 : The approval of the audience is more important than the reviews.

turn 3 : The audience of the site is willing to support the campaign when needed

turn 3 : The speaker is implying that the initial positive buzz surrounding the book was overshadowed by the negative review and the controversy that followed.

turn 3 : There is a lot of opinion-sharing happening during the convention.

turn 3 : The speaker is expressing appreciation for the opportunity of being able to discuss the issue.


You know, I give him mixed reviews. I knew Daniel Hahn prior to him becoming chief. I am a former high school teacher. And I worked hand in hand with the police department. And in working with him, I truly, truly believed that he has a good heart and good intentions. But now that he's the chief of police, we have to hold him to the line of accountability and transparency.

Sonia, Stephon's death is the latest of several fatal shootings of black men by police across the country. And some of these killings are not well-known. But they're still happening. What do you feel needs to be done to address this?

You know, I'm of the mind set that our whole policing system needs to be dismantled and abolished. And we need to start over.

And what would that look like?

What that looks like here in Sacramento - what we have done successfully as a BLM organization is we've created community resources, alternatives to police. We have resources in the community that if this were to happen, call these people instead of calling the police.

Some of the protests that have been happening since Stephon was killed have been marches and protests that have filled streets and blocked traffic. Some protests blocked basketball fans from entering a sports arena. How far should the protests go?

turn 2 : The speaker believes that the current policing system is irreparable.

turn 2 : It is being implied that the criminals are having a difficult time.

turn 2 : Turn (4) is implying that even though research has been conducted in this area, law enforcement has not been paying attention to it and is only now beginning to do so.

turn 2 : The speaker is suggesting that the situation might not be as serious or dangerous as it initially seemed.


And what would that look like?

turn 2 : Police should conduct themselves in a professional and polite manner to improve public perception and relations

turn 2 : The federal government has investigated alternatives to lethal force and improving police-community relations for decades, but these techniques have not gained enough traction.

turn 2 : Advocating for abolishing the police department and starting over

turn 2 : The implementation of a residential law for policemen and an independent civilian complaint review board would decrease police brutality.


And what would that look like?

turn 4 : Police should conduct themselves in a professional and polite manner to improve public perception and relations

turn 4 : The federal government has investigated alternatives to lethal force and improving police-community relations for decades, but these techniques have not gained enough traction.

turn 4 : The community needs to act quickly to restore trust and safety in the community.

turn 4 : Advocating for alternative community resources instead of calling the police


Let's clear this up immediately: blonde, lithe, the initials V. P. So, is Vanessa Pierson Valerie Plame?

The great thing about fiction is that you can fix things and make things better. I think Vanessa is a smarter version of where I was. And it's definitely informed by my experiences in the CIA.

Well, that raises another question. So, did you take some top-secret operation and just thinly fictionalize it to this book and, you know, are. . .

. . . are there Russian agents reading this now and saying, oh, this is what we were looking for?

turn 1 : The great thing about fiction is that you can fix things and make things better.I think Vanessa is a smarter version of where I was.And it's definitely informed by my experiences in the CIA. The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker is suggesting that their experiences in the CIA have informed their fiction writing, and that the character Vanessa is a version of the speaker that is smarter and more successful.

turn 1 : She creates lines of written work in stories that sound good and have a great deal of emotion. Also, the way she writes her stories has a great deal of meaning.

turn 1 : What she writes makes people feel comfortable in a way that reminds them of the past.

turn 1 : She hopes people find a way to read the book that she has written.

turn 1 : She writes a wide variety of stories and the lessons that she learns as a writer can be seen in her stories.


turn 2 : (3) has an implied meaning different from its literal meaning. The speaker is describing a military base that was not strategically important but was taken over by Russian forces because it was symbolic. The base was given an ultimatum to evacuate, but the soldiers and pilots chose to stay and fight. The speaker describes the situation as "very expected," which implies that similar events have occurred before.

turn 2 : Well, that raises another question.So, did you take some top-secret operation and just thinly fictionalize it to this book and, you know, are... The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker is asking if the author took a real, top-secret operation and used it as the basis of their fictional book, and whether it might be recognizable to Russian agents.

turn 2 : In turn 2, the speaker is implying that even though Mr. Putin's arguments may sound familiar to those of Hitler in 1938, the analogy between the two is still an exaggeration.

turn 2 : (4) has an implied meaning different from its literal meaning. The speaker is describing the attack on the military base mentioned in (3). The attack was swift and professional, designed to minimize casualties. The fact that an ambulance followed the tank that crashed open the gate implies that the Russians were prepared for possible injuries or casualties, and were taking steps to minimize them.

turn 2 : (2) implies that Russia's goal is to promote a worldview that everything is corrupt and that its tactics are meant to psychologically influence others;


turn 3 : implies asking for an opinion on Russia's ambitions.

turn 3 : .are there Russian agents reading this now and saying, oh, this is what we were looking for? The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker is asking if the Russian agents might recognize the source of the fictional book, and whether they might say "this is what we were looking for".

turn 3 : Implies that A is being asked if the progress made involves any change in Russian behavior or policy.

turn 3 : asking if the US is responding to Russia's attempts to meddle in the elections "in kind".

turn 3 : The implication of this turn is that the speaker was one of the first British intelligence officers to meet with the KGB after the fall of the Soviet Union.


Because banks are saying no, we can't do it?

Banks find the credit cards more profitable than traditional bank loans. Frequently they are able to charge, you know, much higher interest rates. Their interest rates are much more volatile. They can go from a 12 percent rate to a 30 percent rate because of any number of factors that may or may not be beyond the control of consumers and small business owners. You don't get charged for their percent on traditional bank loans.

So, are you getting calls from your membership and are they agitated?What are they saying to you?

I wouldn't say we've been getting a whole lot of calls right now. Mostly because I think - like I said, a lot of small business owners aren't quite sure what to think of the financial bailout. Also, a lot are hunkering down, trying to just weather the storm. And they're focused more on trying to run their business and, you know, make some sort of margin of profit with soaring energy costs and rising health care costs. And now all of this volatility, so they're just trying to, you know, weather through.

turn 3 : People may be selling their belongings to cope with the financial crisis.

turn 3 : Dominance of a few large companies is discouraging people from starting their own businesses.

turn 3 : The Big Three auto companies are facing financial difficulties.

turn 3 : The economic situation is causing a significant decrease in hiring, sales, and investment.

turn 3 : Small business owners are struggling to survive amidst rising costs and market volatility.


Earlier today, U. S.  Secretary of State John Kerry held a joint news conference with Saudi Foreign Minister Prince Saud al-Faisal who told reporters his country can not ignore military intervention from Iran and Hezbollah in support of President Bashar al-Assad in Syria. Saudi Arabia already sends arms to the Syrian opposition. The U. S.  also plans to provide light arms to the rebel forces. But the Saudi foreign minister said more is now required. NPR foreign correspondent Deb Amos joins us now from NPR's bureau in Beirut. Nice to have you back one more time.

Very nice to be here.

Everyone knows Saudi Arabia and Iran are sometimes bitter rivals and on opposite sides in Syria. What does it mean for the Saudi foreign minister to speak so bluntly as he stands next to the U. S.  secretary of state?

What is different here is a change in tone. The language was very, very tough today. The Saudi foreign minister talked about genocide by the government of Syria. He talked about an outside invasion. He's talking about the Iranians and Hezbollah, the Shiite militant group here in Lebanon. He says they have a massive flow of weapons, and that that must be stopped. He was asking for a resolution to have an arms embargo on the Syrians, nigh on impossible. What he's talking about, one would guess, is a U. N.  resolution and any resolution that would ban weapons would be certainly vetoed by the Russians and most likely the Chinese. But they were venting, the Saudis today, as John Kerry was there for talks.

turn 2 : The Saudi leadership is responsible for the murder of Khashoggi, but they are trying to distance themselves from it

turn 2 : (4) A: This is very standard stuff. (implied meaning: This type of disagreement between Iran and Saudi Arabia is not unusual or surprising.)

turn 2 : The Saudi foreign minister might not be actually standing next to the U.S. Secretary of State, but figurately.

turn 2 : He is not saying that Putin never does anything wrong and is very nice.

turn 2 : There are four possible scenarios for the crown prince's future in Saudi Arabia.


That's good. That's a start.

That's good.

But there are also very few issues that could get us at daggers drawn in the short term. You could have a misunderstanding and miscalculation in the South China Sea. Taiwan remains very concerning.

But overall, to date, there are very few areas in which the United States and China are headed toward conflict with each other. And there is great concern in both capitals that it not get there. But between that observation - that we mustn't go to war - and the growing list of complaints against each other, there is insufficient strategic thinking in both capitals.

turn 2 : This implies the growing economic war between Trump administration and China.

turn 2 : There are several issues that could lead to conflict between US and China in the short term

turn 2 : The situation is not necessarily an 'either/or' between China and the United States.

turn 2 : It implies that there is a lot of political maneuvering happening behind the scenes in China which an average Chinese person have no knowledge about.

turn 2 : The U.S. is making a small commitment to security cooperation and infrastructure projects in Southeast Asia, compared to China's investments and the Trans-Pacific Partnership deal that the Trump administration pulled out of. Asian governments were encouraged to continue enforcing sanctions against North Korea.


That's good. That's a start.

That's good.

turn 3 : US and China lack sufficient strategic thinking despite their concern to avoid conflict

turn 3 : The US and China both want to establish their own spheres of influence in the region.

turn 3 : The outcome of President Trump's negotiations with China is likely to be uncertain, and it may be difficult to judge the success or failure of his policies.

turn 3 : There are some groups who see China as a threat, but not everyone agrees with this assessment.

turn 3 : "But it will only be a brief hiatus in this long-term, contentious U.S.-China relationship" has a figurative meaning that is different from its literal meaning. The literal meaning of the turn is that a deal between the US and China would only be a temporary break in their long-term, contentious relationship. However, the figurative meaning is that even if a deal is reached, the underlying tensions and issues between the two countries will remain and could resurface in the future.


Basically, in the art markets. I'm not sure how many of them are exactly for sale at this point. I think there are a number of artifacts that are almost too well-known to sell or to sell to anyone, you know, like an - you know, a prominent museum. For instance, the Nimrud Ivories are unlikely to be, you know, publicly available for sale.

What are the Nimrud Ivories?

The Nimrud Ivories, it's a series of these very small beautifully carved ivories from the 9th century B. C. , from the sites of Nimrud. Probably the most famous is something called the lioness attacking, I guess, it's a young man. They were gilded or leafed with gold leaf and in many cases painted. They're just beautiful pieces.

So they're in private hands somewhere?

turn 3 : having a hand in it implies being an agent, playing a part or the reason why something happens,  and not meaning to have a part of one's hand inside something

turn 3 : They are asking if the person watches over other's actions and controls them.

turn 3 : They are not literally in someone’s private hands.


My father had, you know, good collections of music from Marvin Gaye, Philip Coutre(ph) to Bob Marley. He had it all. And he was a cameraman, and he used the music to do something special with the pictures. You know, while he's playing I would sneak around and just listen. So I think music started for me then.

Were you ever in a situation, Asa, where you were torn between - because you mention your dad had Motown and Marvin Gaye, torn between the American urban music and the more traditional music of Nigeria and in Africa.

That was in, you know. It was between American, the West, you know, influence and then the church music and the street music, traditional music from Nigeria.

Now, let me make sure I heard you clearly. Did you say that it was a sin or that's what was in?

turn 1 : The music in the beginning sounded like rap to me, which is a form of music that has a strong focus on rhythm and poetic lyrics.

turn 1 :  "American blacks love African art, African clothes, African music. We're just not that crazy about Africans." The literal meaning of this turn is that American black people appreciate African culture but are not fond of African people. However, the actual meaning is that there is a cultural appreciation for African arts and music, but there is a disconnect with the people who produce them.

turn 1 : The singer is not actually asking someone to show them the way home but rather expressing their loneliness and desperation due to feeling lost and without direction.

turn 1 : A's ability to adapt to different cultures may have influenced their comedic talent

turn 1 : Was the person ever in a situation where he had to make a hard choice between American and Nigerian music.


turn 1 : Atlanta has contributed significantly to the music industry.

turn 1 : Soul music is not as prevalent or appreciated as it should be

turn 1 : Atlanta has been influential in popularizing black music

turn 1 : Asa might have been conflicted between embracing American urban music and traditional music from Nigeria

turn 1 : The new music coming out of Atlanta is building on the past and pushing boundaries.


It's far worse than that. The assumption that Social Security numbers were compromised was there at the beginning, but, you know, OPM has sort of slow-rolled how bad this really is. And what has been compromised includes security clearance information, background investigation information for millions of past and present employees across the U. S.  government, including the Pentagon and the intelligence community. This is really, really bad.

And, potentially, how could this information be used?

Well, this is very personal information, as anyone who's ever had a security clearance could tell you. This involves - especially at the higher levels of classification that are needed - very detailed personal information about lifestyle habits, anything you've done wrong - things you probably wouldn't want other people to know about, frankly - if you've had addiction issues, financial problems, marital problems, partner problems.

So it could be used to blackmail a federal employee. . .

turn 3 : The information was told to others when it was not supposed to be told.

turn 3 : The actual meaning of the third turn is that the speaker is implying that the current administration is trying to prevent important information from being released, and this is why they are pushing people to contact them with information.

turn 3 : implies that this sensitive information could be used by malicious individuals to blackmail federal employees.

turn 3 : There is a concern that American lobbyists may sell secrets to foreign adversaries.

turn 3 : There is a possibility that the Trump administration may prosecute journalists.


You have your camera there with you?

I do. You want a sound effect?

Yeah, please.

You're listening to WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News.

turn 1 : B is not really interested in what A is wearing and is just making small talk.

turn 1 : The implied meaning is that B has a unique and special person in their life that they want to share with the world.

turn 1 : A is not fully agreeing with B's statement

turn 1 : The implied meaning is that A is inquiring about the details surrounding B's special person.

turn 1 : This implies that B want to probably have a picture with A.


The speaker has suffered through days of public humiliation at the hands of his fractious troops. But sometimes what doesn't kill you makes you stronger. And by surviving all of this, he has probably strengthened what's always been a rather tenuous grip on the speakership. In the end, he did the right thing - we talked about this in the past - and kept government and borrowing authority going forward. And probably he'll have a better weekend this weekend than he had last.

Certainly more free time. I think a lot of people are wondering this weekend: is Senator Ted Cruz a new national figure or a diminished one, after events of this past week?

You could say he's both. Certainly he is new hero of the Tea Party and others who wanted to stop the Affordable Care Act, Obamacare, by any means necessary. At the Value Voters Summit, for example, here about a week ago, he absolutely dominated the presidential preference straw poll on social conservatives. But within the establishment of the Republican Party, in the financial community and among party fundraisers, he has come to be regarded as dangerous.

And a hard word and that raises this question. Against what's been the stereotype, the image for many years, Democrats appeared unified over these past few weeks, and the Republicans who looked like they were - what's the old joke they used to make about Democrats - a circular firing squad?What's happened to the two major parties?

turn 0 : Pushing away emotions and experiences only leads to exhaustion and they must be faced.

turn 0 : "It makes you consider your own brain, I suppose." - This turn is a figurative expression that means the speaker is reflecting on their own life and experiences in comparison to the circumstances of the individuals whose brains were taken.

turn 0 : Asking if the sunrise makes you feel stronger emotionally, not physically.

turn 0 : "what doesn't kill you makes you stronger" - This is an idiomatic expression that means that going through difficult experiences can make a person mentally and emotionally stronger, rather than referring to actual physical strength.

turn 0 : In this turn, the implied meaning goes beyond the literal meaning of "never took no for an answer." The speaker is highlighting the person's resilience and determination in the face of obstacles. It implies that despite facing rejection or setbacks, the person persisted and fought back, even using physical force if necessary.


turn 3 : the literal meaning is that the Army is making ongoing efforts to improve its suicide prevention programs. However, the actual meaning is that the Army is acknowledging the problem of suicide in the military and attempting to address it, but it may not have been successful in preventing all cases of suicide.

turn 3 : The goal of the provocative activity is to create division and unrest between opposing groups

turn 3 : "circular firing squad" - This is a metaphorical expression that means a group of people who are fighting against each other instead of working together towards a common goal, rather than a literal firing squad.

turn 3 : "assault weapons" - this is a term used to describe certain types of firearms that have specific features but it does not necessarily mean that the weapon is used for assault purposes.

turn 3 : The airstrikes are hitting civilians and causing harm


I think that, you know, the fantasy genre, it lets you explore all these human emotions and feelings. But now, going back and learning about his passion for language and realizing that each word, name of a place or person, it's steeped in so much history and thought that you realize that the reason these worlds feel so realistic and are easy to disappear into are because of the amount of work he put into it - and building maps so that he could figure out how long it would take a character to travel from this area to this area and if they could reliably be there in the time it needed for the story to work and make sense. And just things that - the depth of his knowledge and creation was incredible.

So last question, I understand that you can speak some Elvish now (laughter) as part. . .

(Laughter).

. . . Of your going into the characters. I was wondering if you could say something for us.

turn 0 : You don't disappear but get involved in the story due to the worlds.

turn 0 : The story is very different from stories people normally here

turn 0 : The story was told to people and many became aware of it.

turn 0 : Despite not being a participant, I have influence.

turn 0 : It would be a mistake for me to do that.


They do, but they won't help much in this case. There's a type of snail that eats them that unfortunately is also popular in the curio trade, but their numbers were never huge. There's some - actually some very small shrimp that will eat them, but, you know, there's only so much they can do.

When you have these outbreaks, the numbers of starfish are so much that it's beyond what any of their predators can do anything about.

And these are not your run-of-the-mill, see-them-on-the-beach five-legged starfish, are they?

No, no, I mean, they look like monsters. If you wanted to - you know, if you were to blow one of these things up really big, you could use it in a sci-fi movie.

turn 3 : The appearance of the starfish is monstrous, and could be used in a science fiction movie.

turn 3 : The significant increase in the number of starfish is a cause for concern

turn 3 : The use of synthetic biology is likely to be controversial as it involves scientists manipulating and creating living organisms.

turn 3 : The Batfish is not on water but on land.

turn 3 : the phenomenon described in the book is extraordinary and could be perceived as a miracle by some readers, even though the literal meaning is simply acknowledging that the phenomenon is portrayed realistically in the book.


turn 3 : I do not think that the ugliness mentioned is meant to be literal but metaphorical.

turn 3 : look like monsters implies they're very ugly and having a look similar to monster, not referring to looking  or gazing the same way monster do

turn 3 : In Turn (4), when A says, "And then I look silly in it," they are not suggesting that they are physically looking at themselves while taking the photo, but rather that they appear foolish or ridiculous in the photo.

turn 3 :  (4), the speaker is commenting on something that is described as "very pretty." The literal meaning of the turn is that the speaker finds the thing being referred to visually attractive. However, the implied meaning of the turn is unclear and could depend on the context of the conversation. The turn could be a sincere expression of admiration, or it could be a polite or perfunctory comment that does not reflect the speaker's true feelings. Alternatively, the turn could be sarcastic or ironic, indicating that the speaker does not actually find the thing being referred to as attractive as it may seem.


Let's go deeper, linguistically into this. When, at the time that I spoke with Reverend Jackson, and this was yesterday, we believed, knowing what we did, we being most of the press, that he had said that Senator Obama had emasculated himself. As it turned out, the phrase was much rougher and much more, you know, I want to blank, blank, blank. Is there a difference between those two ways, neither of them particularly nice, of parsing out lack of manhood?

Well, you know, I actually read that slightly differently. When I heard about the specific comments and the castration and sort of the anger in which it was delivered, even though it was a whisper of. I immediately began to think back historically about, you know, the ways and which powerful black men, or uppity black men were punished.

And it was, you know, the threat of castration was very real in the 19th century. And there's a moment of irony that Jesse Jackson would want to assert his power, his relevance, to Barack Obama's campaign by placing himself over Barack in a sense in suggesting that he is the man and also capable of taking Barack's manhood away.

Coming up this weekend, we have the start of the NAACP's annual convention and although he has not started yet, Ben Jealous is the incoming president. He's 35. He's going to be the youngest president ever of the NAACP. We seem to be seeing a generational shift overall. Is there going to be blood on the floor, metaphorically, as this shift happens?

turn 0 : The President's focus has been on himself, rather than hurricane relief efforts. The meeting with Kanye West was unexpected and inappropriate during a crisis

turn 0 : Obama missed the chance to claim his bi-racialness.

turn 0 : They aren't literally going to put a black man in the White House, they are going to vote him in.

turn 0 : A faced racism from both white and black people due to his behavior and interests not aligning with stereotypes of his skin color.

turn 0 : Jesse Jackson wanted to assert his power over Obama by threatening his manhood


turn 1 : Advocating for the abolition of the death penalty can empower black America

turn 1 : The culture and character of black people can be obtained from them if you get too close

turn 1 : Historically, powerful black men have been punished by threats of castration

turn 1 : The underlying trends and geographical concentration of incarceration disproportionately affect low-income communities of color, particularly young African-American males.

turn 1 : The actual meanings of these turns are: (2) Martin Luther King was killed by a white assassin; (3) America doesn't understand or appreciate the contributions of black leaders during Reconstruction; (4) America's history of racism and white supremacy has been ignored or minimized for many decades.


I must be doing something right. What I thought was funny about it was Sommore is not my real name. So. . .

Right. Right, right, right.

I was like, OK, so you named - you named your kids after my stage name. OK, that's hot.

So, when you think about all the stuff you do about women, you know. When you say, women, we got to catch up. When you talk about sex, when you talk about relationships, what sisters have to go through. I'm assuming that you and your girlfriends are the people who can road test some of the comedy that you talk about.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker is making a subtle suggestion or insinuation that others may pick up on, but without being too direct or forceful.

turn 2 : (3) is a sign of amusement, indicating the speaker was laughing at the metaphor.

turn 2 : they are just acknowledging the person's response

turn 2 : that's hot implies that the person thinks it was an acceptable and good gesture

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using nonverbal cues, such as facial expressions or body language, to convey a message that complements or contradicts their spoken words.


Anna Sommer Schneider is a professor of Jewish civilization at Georgetown. This past week, the country's president signed a law that would punish anyone who suggests Poland was complicit in the Holocaust. Critics, including Israel and the U. S.  State Department, say the law will stifle discussion about those atrocities and cover up the role of Poles who killed or denounced Jews during World War II. For Schneider, this debate is personal. In 1977, she was born in the same town as Poland's most infamous concentration camp.

Despite the fact that I was born and raised literally in the shadows of the gas chambers, there was very little information available for me at that time - what Auschwitz really was.

Auschwitz was a taboo topic in her family. And the word Holocaust was not widely used in communist Poland. But as Schneider grew older, she wanted to learn more about what had happened during the war. She got her Ph. D.  in Jewish studies, eventually converted to Judaism. And for the last two decades, she's given tours of Auschwitz. She tells me even today, people see Jews in Poland as others, highlighting a long history of anti-Semitism in the country.

When we teach about Holocaust in Polish classrooms today, we often talk about Jews as strangers who lived in our country.

turn 0 : The law punishing those who suggest Poland was complicit in the Holocaust will stifle discussion about atrocities and cover up the role of Poles who killed or denounced Jews during World War II.

turn 0 : The speaker is worried that the lessons of the Holocaust might be forgotten or ignored

turn 0 : The new law signed by the president of Poland will stifle discussions on the atrocities committed by Poles against Jews during the Holocaust.

turn 0 : Anti-Semitic crimes have increased by 20% in Germany.


turn 2 : Jews are still seen as outsiders in Poland due to a history of anti-Semitism.

turn 2 : The Jewish experience is not considered Polish experience

turn 2 : Jews in Germany are hiding their religious symbols due to safety concerns

turn 2 : Outward displays of Jewish identity can lead to danger


That's right, Book Club is coming. . .

SCIENCE FRIDAY Book Club has picked the September read, right?

Yep. It's "Flatland. "

Ooh, that's an old one.

turn 2 : The content of the book is humorous and not meant to be taken seriously.

turn 2 : This implies that the book has potential benefits over time, but it may not have widespread appeal and may only appeal to a small or specific audience.

turn 2 : The author included difficult experiences in the book for a reason.

turn 2 : The chosen book for the Book Club is Flatland.

turn 2 : The success came quickly with one book after writing for many years.


Yeah. Despite the ongoing uproar and concern created by the firing of James Comey, you have a lot of bipartisan support for Christopher Wray. He said a lot of the right things this week when it came to what what senators wanted to hear, what they were asking about. He said he would be independent if he ran the FBI. He said he would not pull any punches.

And he was asked several times, what would you do if the president asked you to do something illegal or unethical?He said, first, I would try to change his mind, and if he didn't do that, I would quit. So Democrats seem to hear what they wanted to hear. And there could be a vote on his nomination in the next couple of weeks.

Republicans released a revised health care bill - as popular as the first one was?

Just about, it seems, with the public. But I think where it matters more is, is it more popular within the Republican caucus?And it seems to be a tad more popular right now. But this bill is still right on a danger zone in terms of whether or not it can pass. You have two senators in the Republican caucus saying they're not going to vote for it. They can't lose any other Republican support and still get this bill passed.

turn 1 : He made a promise that was stressed by him and gave people the impression he would do it regardless of what happens.

turn 1 : The person in question is not willing to resign from his position despite the controversy surrounding him

turn 1 : The implied meaning of (2) is to ask why the mayor is not taking responsibility for his actions and resigning, rather than asking why he isn't simply stepping away from the role.

turn 1 : The actual meaning different from the literal meaning is:  "Whether it was recompense or whether the Vegas shooting just got to him on another level, one of his most authentic moments, really, of apparent empathy since he took office."  The literal meaning of this sentence is that the president's behavior or reactions were influenced either by a sense of recompense or by the impact of the Vegas shooting. However, the implied meaning is that the president's display of empathy during this time was seen as genuine and uncharacteristic compared to his previous actions or statements since he assumed office.

turn 1 : (2) He said he would try to change his mind, and if he didn't do that, he would quit - Implied meaning: He would not follow the president's orders if they were illegal or unethical.


turn 3 : Congressional Republicans won't pass the bill unless the President makes sure they will not be hurt politically.

turn 3 : (4) This bill is still right on a danger zone in terms of whether or not it can pass - Implied meaning: The bill is in a precarious situation and could fail if any more Republican senators vote against it.

turn 3 :  (4) Implies an acknowledgement of the dangerous risks taken when crossing the border illegally.

turn 3 : There will be significant concerns in the region moving forward.

turn 3 : Being the first act on the bill is both a blessing and a curse.