turn 1 : "it takes almost nothing upfront" and "they can generate money basically out of thin air" - Literal meaning: The speaker is referring to the low cost and ease of starting a dropshipping business online. Actual meaning: These phrases are used figuratively to emphasize how easy it is to start a business without significant upfront costs or physical inventory.

turn 1 :  "the aisles tilting and tumbling their baubles and trinkety treasures into her pockets" - actual meaning: the author uses figurative language to describe her stealing items from the aisles, not that the aisles actually tilt and tumble into her pockets.

turn 1 :  "Spin up a retail store" is used figuratively to describe the process of quickly creating a new retail store, rather than a literal spinning motion.

turn 1 : Turn 1: "spin" is used as a general term to describe rotational movement, whereas its literal meaning is to rotate rapidly and smoothly around a central axis.

turn 1 :  (4) implies that retailers want customers to pick up their items in-store so that they can be enticed to purchase other items while they are there.


Well, so what I got really interested in was that when the coat showed up, it showed up in a black plastic package from China Post. So I thought I was buying a coat from some brand that represented itself as kind of this modern gentleman. You know, I was expecting it to have its headquarters, you know, in New York or San Francisco or Los Angeles or something. And this thing is shipped direct from a technology park in China.

So I kind of started thinking like, well, what is this brand?And I started diving into this new class of online retailer that use a tool called Shopify, which allows anyone to kind of spin up a retail store in five minutes; sucks products in from a service called AliExpress, which is sort of like Amazon but in China, and it's dedicated to kind of the export market for Chinese and other Asian manufacturers; and allows - basically - consumers in the U. S.  to take a different route into this manufacturing ecosystem, which makes so many clothes, which makes so many consumer goods, in Asia.

When you ordered this coat, were you genuinely surprised to be able to trace this stuff back, or was that the whole idea?

Well, no. I was genuinely surprised. I was literally - I had been tagged in the Facebook advertising system, which Instagram also uses, as someone who likes to buy clothes. And what I came to find was that this is a pretty widespread phenomenon.

turn 1 : Although the literal meaning of this turn is simply an acknowledgement or agreement, the implied meaning behind it is that the speaker may not be fully engaged or interested in the conversation. It could be interpreted as a way of signaling disinterest or a desire to move on to a different topic.

turn 1 : (2) The literal meaning of this turn is a simple question, but the implied meaning is that the speaker wants to know what actions can be taken to address the issue being discussed and is seeking guidance or suggestions.

turn 1 : The literal meaning: The speaker mentions that they discuss this as a significant starting point or origin for the book. The implied meaning: The speaker suggests that this event plays a crucial role in shaping the themes or direction of the book.

turn 1 : The turn that has an actual meaning different from its literal meaning is (2). The speaker is not talking about physically diving into something, but rather delving into the topic of a new class of online retailer that uses Shopify and AliExpress. The implied meaning is that the speaker has started researching and investigating this topic in depth

turn 1 : Turn (2) has an actual meaning that is different from its literal meaning. The speaker is not discussing an attempt to physically move goalposts, but rather a rhetorical strategy of avoiding answering certain questions.


He had time to rethink the music of his youth after an injury forced him to lay off the piano for months. Music triggers memories. And when the 36-year-old sat at our piano, the music triggered his.

I still remember my first teacher. Professor Zhu told me, you know, now you'll learn those pieces. But every 20 years, you got to come back and to rediscover what can you do with it.

And I was like, that's crazy. Come on. I already know. I mean, I know those pieces by heart. I know how to play this piece. Why should I play it, you know, 30 years back?And now I realize - oh, my goodness - I mean, I have to because those pieces was kind of my best friends, and I need to know them better.

This piece by Mozart takes Lang Lang back to his first-ever piano recital. He started early. The recital in China came when he was 5.

turn 1 : Why do you think people relate to music as a way of understanding and humanizing other people? What is it about music that's so special?"

turn 1 :  "shed new light on this subject" - This phrase is used figuratively to mean providing new and insightful information about a subject, rather than literally illuminating something.

turn 1 : the scene in this context means genre of music

turn 1 : , the phrase "make it new" is not suggesting that the reader should literally create something new, but rather that they should explore new ideas and concepts.

turn 1 : "rediscover what can you do with it" - this means to approach a piece of music with a fresh perspective or new understanding, rather than literally discovering something new.


Right.

In south L. A. , it's black-Latino. Do you think that the NAACP will or should reach out to particularly other people of color to try to form coalitions?

Well that's been something that Julian Bond has been emphasizing throughout his chairmanship. I'm not sure the various precedents, the CEOs understood it. But it's the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. And Du Bois said at the beginning of the century that it was not jut black people, but black, brown, yellow all the colored races that had to work together. So I think that - and Jealous comes from a community and background where he is very much aware of that. I think the NAACP needs to do it, whatever the tensions are, whatever the issues are, whether it's housing or whose turf is available to whom, or immigration or whatever it is, jobs. I think the NAACP has to that, and I think Ben will do that.

Now, when it comes to civil rights, I talked to a young activist who is very much within the black community. His entire focus is on young black men and yet he hates the term civil rights. He thinks civil rights, the term, has undermined civil rights, the movement, because it's outdated, in his opinion. What do you think on that score?

turn 1 : The NAACP should form coalitions with other people of color

turn 1 : The success of one man of color does not mean the end of systemic discrimination against people of color, and addressing issues of racism and white privilege requires active effort beyond electoral politics.

turn 1 : White progressives cause harm to people of color despite their belief that they are not racist.

turn 1 : The incoming president, Ben Jealous, is expected to be one of the strongest in NAACP history.

turn 1 : Harlem is now more diverse, attracting non-African Americans.


Right.

turn 2 : The success of one man of color does not mean the end of systemic discrimination against people of color, and addressing issues of racism and white privilege requires active effort beyond electoral politics.

turn 2 : President Trump's remarks contribute to tensions and exacerbate racism

turn 2 : The NAACP needs to work with people of color regardless of tensions or issues

turn 2 : White progressives cause harm to people of color despite their belief that they are not racist.


Well, I think that Dr.  King was trying to reinforce the troops, so to speak, who were fighting in the trenches of racial warfare. To believe that the movement was bigger than any man or any woman, any individual that there was a collective will of the people being exercised through their individual talents, gifts and sensibilities. But that the movement couldn't be tromped, that his death would only strengthen the movement. That the death of any other figure would in no way diminish the greatness of the cause for which they were willing to die.

He was willing to die for his people. He struggled back and forth with that death and what it might mean. But he was signaling to the rest of them that, you know, he wasn't an egomaniac. He wasn't a guy who was trying to say I wanted to be the messiah, even though people had made him that way.

And then, thirdly, I think, what he was suggesting, Farai, is that the cause in which we are invested will, in many cases, cause people to suffer. And that we shouldn't lie to people about the nature of that suffering, but that suffering could ultimately be redemptive. Martin Luther King Jr.  after all was quite famous for telling black folk constantly that the black blood that would be shed could indeed redeem the nation.

Now, you bring up the term automortology, and you talk about the ways in which Dr.  King essentially gave his own eulogy, not just once but several times. Tell us why that was important to him.

turn 3 : not a literal meaning but rather a rhetorical question.

turn 3 :  Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples.

turn 3 : Turn (3) describes the discovery of clues that led to the unraveling of the scandal, which is consistent with its literal meaning.

turn 3 : (4) is the same as its literal meaning, which is a brief acknowledgement of what was just said.

turn 3 : "automortology" - This turn is a term that is not commonly used in everyday language and requires a deeper understanding of its meaning in the context of Dr. King's speeches and actions. It refers to the idea that Dr. King gave his own eulogy by repeatedly emphasizing the importance of his cause and the sacrifices that he and others were making for it.


We're playing the waiting game. We had a submarine try to break loose on us in Muskogee, and it's a completely unique problem. When you talk to the state emergency management officials, they don't know how to handle a World War II submarine.

So let's paint a picture for people listening, trying to imagine what you are able to see. Usually, the Batfish, which is how many feet long?

Three hundred eleven feet long.

Normally, it sits in the middle of a big kind of lawn - meadow. Is that right?

turn 3 : The Batfish is not on water but on land.

turn 3 : The implied meaning of this turn is that is there any action humans can take to try to assist the stranded whales in their situation.

turn 3 : The appearance of the starfish is monstrous, and could be used in a science fiction movie.

turn 3 :  "Stay tuned" - This phrase implies that there is more to come in the future, likely related to the robotic fish and its interactions with real-life fish.

turn 3 : The lyrics of the song in turn 3 are actually about a romantic relationship, not an actual shark in the water.


What options does the U. S.  have?

Sanctions are a key part of maximum pressure campaign that the Trump administration has been advancing. And sanctions have never been as tough - tougher than now. They're broad. They target sectors. They try to cut off North Korea's efforts to earn hard currency to support their economy and their nuclear weapons program. And there is anecdotal evidence that the North Koreans are starting to feel the pinch. And I think the Olympic outreach is in part a sign of the fact that they're feeling the pinch of sanctions and that they saw outreach as a way to try to get South Korea to agree to loosen sanctions implementation or try to lure South Korea away from the maximum pressure campaign.

Jung Pak, a senior fellow at Brookings Institution Center for East Asia Policy Studies. Thanks so much.

Thank you.

turn 1 : The U.S. is making a small commitment to security cooperation and infrastructure projects in Southeast Asia, compared to China's investments and the Trans-Pacific Partnership deal that the Trump administration pulled out of. Asian governments were encouraged to continue enforcing sanctions against North Korea.

turn 1 :  (2): Sanctions are a key part of the Trump administration's strategy to increase pressure on North Korea. Sanctions are stronger than ever and are designed to limit North Korea's ability to earn money to support their economy and nuclear program. North Korea is beginning to feel the effects of these sanctions and is using outreach to try to ease the sanctions and lessen the pressure

turn 1 : North Korea's nuclear capabilities pose a direct threat to the United States.

turn 1 : China is willing to support North Korea's terrible regime to prevent its collapse and the horrible situation that might ensue


Men are more likely to use alone; women more likely to use with a partner. When you use alone and fentanyl is present - since it kills people so quickly - it can stop breathing in less than a minute - it's very dangerous when you're alone.

So if you're with someone else, at least there's the chance that someone might call 911.

Or use Narcan, or naloxone, the drug that reverses the opioid - the overdose themselves, yes.

Yeah.

turn 2 : Men are more likely to engage in dangerous drug use without help from another person.

turn 2 : The drug epidemic is pervasive and affects people from all walks of life.

turn 2 : The speaker is implying that the interviewer's drug use in the 1960s is not comparable to the type of addiction that he is talking about.

turn 2 : Functioning addicts hide their addiction while carrying on with daily life.

turn 2 : Doctors may have an ulterior motive for prescribing certain medications


The likelihood that the law was going to get struck down was one of the factors that contributed to the council's decision to repeal it. But there were also many groups that came together to push for the repeal.

Mr.  Muchmore, I'm told you also have a laundromat in your bar.

I do have a small laundromat in the back. It's a New Orleans thing. I grew up in New Orleans, and there a lot of the bars have laundries so that while you're doing your laundry, you can have a beer or a coffee and get to know your neighbors.

How are you going to celebrate?

turn 0 : (1) The council's decision to repeal the law was influenced by several factors, one of which was the likelihood that the law would be deemed unconstitutional and struck down. Additionally, there were various groups advocating for the repeal of the law.

turn 0 : The judge rejected the law so hard that it's being compared to striking something down.

turn 0 : The decision was not something that was given up by one side.

turn 0 : Congress passed a bill despite the likely negative consequences.

turn 0 : The behavior was unacceptable to what the people would accept.


How are you going to celebrate?

turn 2 : (3) The speaker has a small laundromat located in the back of the bar, which is a common feature in bars in New Orleans. This allows patrons to do their laundry while enjoying a beer or coffee and getting to know their neighbors.

turn 2 : watering hole implies that the location was a bar or a place to get drinks

turn 2 :  A: "And when he was exactly about five feet away from the Monet the sound system was activated and the room was abruptly flooded with Debussy." - The speaker is describing an experience where the collector used music to enhance the viewing of the artwork, suggesting that the collector has a deep appreciation for the arts and values different sensory experiences.

turn 2 : (4) Implies that the speaker is asking if the restaurant that the person they are talking to owns has helped them in any way with their endeavours.

turn 2 : (3) implies that the speaker wants to know what the speaker observed,


Prime Minister Boris Johnson asked the queen to suspend Parliament - a very British coup, as many of his critics say, or a way to force Parliament to work out Brexit three years-plus after voters voted for him.

Or perhaps a device to get Parliament out of the way and allow Boris and the Brexiteers to finally leave the EU even without a deal. And the EU has said it is done negotiating. So this fall, Britain may leave the European Union and do it in the most disruptive and unpredictable way imaginable. So for the residents of Britain, this is rather like watching a hurricane bear down on them, feeling helpless to stop it and unable to escape.

The romance between the president and Fox News seemed to have everything going for it. What happened?

(Laughter) It does seem to have cooled. Weeks ago, the president started complaining about the opinion polls he saw on Fox News. They were showing his approval rating as low as most of the other media and academic polls. So he called that fake news.

turn 1 : It's like watching something awful approach people and not be able to stop it.

turn 1 : They are worried about any negative consequences of their actions and will fix them quickly.

turn 1 : A finds something amusing but doesn't want to explain why.

turn 1 : People are starting to notice and take action on the issue.

turn 1 : I don't like it so it sounds bad, or sounds ugly.


turn 2 : Rupert Murdoch's family has given up some of their media outlets, like 20th Century Fox Television, in the deal, but kept the outlets closest to their heart, like Fox News Channel.

turn 2 : Everything was becoming negative in their respective areas. People got a change when the new president was elected. The news is about what is happening and what will happen.

turn 2 : Trump is now openly calling for the Mueller investigation to be shut down

turn 2 : The good feelings between the president and fox news seems to be over.

turn 2 : The president is trying to divert attention away from negative news about him and his administration


turn 3 : The person thinks that the good feelings have lessened a bit.

turn 3 : Everyone should respect other people's feelings and not try to control them, even if they don't agree.

turn 3 : It's best to be receptive to any thought that comes your way.

turn 3 : The atmosphere is how people are feeling toward one another and treating one another.

turn 3 :  implies that the speaker is expressing gratitude for the other person's time and attention.


It's possible, but for the active vaccines, yeah, that's correct.

Is there a lot of research that's going on in this field?

There is. It's sparse. There are some groups that have been working in this for a number of years, but like I said, it's - the research requires a lot of different initiatives. So it's not something that a group who's just doing chemistry or immunology can do. You have to kind of meld together chemistry, immunology and neuropharmacology to kind of look at this overall process.

And is there great interest?You say there might be interest if you can develop this in - for people, the drug companies, because it's given later, might be interested in it as opposed to giving, as you say, prophylactics to drug addicts.

turn 2 : A has recently researched various topics and is knowledgeable about them.

turn 2 : is asking James Harbeck why he chose this particular topic to research.

turn 2 : Scientists need more data to confirm their hypotheses.

turn 2 : When making a donation, it's important to do research and give to organizations in a flexible way.

turn 2 : (3): The research requires a lot of different initiatives. = It takes a lot of effort to research this field.


Good morning.

Well, what was the reasoning by Judge T. S. Ellis?

Well, Ellis made clear in his sentencing that Manafort's crimes are serious. He wanted to spell that out clearly. We're talking about tax fraud, failing to disclose a foreign bank account and bank fraud. The tax fraud, in particular, Ellis said is basically stealing from every American who pays taxes. That's a serious crime.

But Ellis also said that, you know, you take all sorts of factors into consideration when coming up with a sentence - general deterrence, you look at the entirety of a defendant's life. And he said, in Manafort's case, he's a first-time offender. Otherwise, blameless life.

turn 3 : The implied meaning of this turn is that other members of the White House may seek legal counsel in light of President Trump's actions.

turn 3 : "raises that question again with Manafort" - The literal meaning is that the unusual nature of information sharing raises a question about Manafort. The actual meaning could be that the information sharing suggests Manafort may have information about the president that could lead to a pardon.

turn 3 : "Otherwise, blameless life." - The literal meaning of this turn is a statement about Manafort's past behavior, but its actual meaning is to mitigate his crimes and argue for a more lenient sentence.

turn 3 : None of the turns in this statement have a figurative or non-literal meaning. The speaker is describing a situation where a defendant in a criminal trial confessed to the crime during the speaker's testimony, and the defendant's girlfriend later corroborated the speaker's testimony with her own testimony.

turn 3 : He should not be blamed for anything as he only does what he is told to do.


Your narrator and her husband are audio journalists and archivists. The husband declares they have to relocate to fulfill his project to tell the story of the Apache nation. But she finds a story, too, doesn't she, in a woman named Manuela who has two daughters.

That's right. The narrator and mother of the kids who are travelling in this car from New York towards Arizona towards the old Apacheria has met - in her daughter's school had met a woman called Manuela. And she's been working with her husband on a big sound project recording all the languages spoken in New York. And she asks this woman, Manuela, if she can record her. This woman speaks (unintelligible) which is a very rare Mayan language. And the woman says fine, but in exchange, she asks her to translate some documents, legal documents, of her daughters who are on their way from Mexico to the U. S.  border.

And these two girls, when they arrive in the U. S.  border as happens with all the kids that arrive here seeking asylum, are first placed in an ICE detention space - an icebox they call them colloquially. And then these girls are transferred to a shelter. And at some point, they go missing. So the narrator of the novel becomes deeply involved with looking for these two girls, helping Manuela look for her daughters.

I made a note of your line. The son says that if they ran off, he said ma would start thinking of us the way she thought of them, the lost children, all the time and with all her heart.

turn 0 : The story is very different from stories people normally here

turn 0 : The husband's project is more important than the narrator's project.

turn 0 : The title of the story is a clever play on words based on the play

turn 0 : By connection, the narrator means to bring the audience and himself together.

turn 0 : A does not require much money to work on his book and animation


(Laughter).

And that's exactly what I did and never really looked back from there really.

Yeah. What did you like about it?What do you like about it?

Actually, I quite like the early morning work because I don't - I'm happy in my own skin. I quite like solitude. I don't mind spending time with myself. But I think what it was is it was going to work when there's no one on the road. So I could drive to work, no one on the road - very quiet - go to where - the team were there. We had a lot of work to do. I was very proud of what I did, and I picked it up very, very quickly. And it was lovely looking back on the bakery and looking at all the croissant, the afternoon tea, the breads - and looking at everything that you've made and thought, do you know what?I'm proud of that.

turn 0 : (1) "B: (Laughter)." This turn implies that B found something funny or amusing, but it does not provide any literal information or statement.

turn 0 : B's laughter does not have a literal meaning but is likely a response to something humorous or lighthearted in the conversation.

turn 0 : B finds something amusing or funny, but it's not clear what

turn 0 : the literal meaning is that the other person laughs in response to something that was said.


Good morning, Linda.

Who is Loretta Lynch, and does she have the chops to do this huge job?

Linda, she's been the U. S.  attorney in Brooklyn twice - once during the Obama administration now and previously during the Clinton years. And this district she covers serves 8 million people. It's huge. So she has a really long record of prosecuting people, including policemen who brutalized Haitian immigrant Abner Louima back in 1997, a lot of old-school mobsters in Brooklyn and Queens, the man who tried to bomb the New York City subway system a few years ago who had ties to al-Qaida, and more recently, Linda, Congressman Michael Grimm, a Republican from Staten Island who she's prosecuting on fraud charges. Grimm was just reelected. He pleaded not guilty in that case.

Now lots of lawyers were lining up to lead the Justice Department. So why did the White House decide to go with Lynch?

turn 1 : Having low skills is not the same as having no skills

turn 1 : She is not being put in a box. She means the roles people apply to her and her life.

turn 1 : Well, yes and no.I mean, the last cookbook like this which takes a long time to do, but I still hope to do some little thing with my daughter, maybe the lesson of a grandfather, you know, showing her how to do simple thing that we've done together.I have a great deal of fun cooking with her so maybe a little book.Certainly, some video will come with that, yes, hopefully.

turn 1 : Melissa Block is capable and competent. (implied from the phrase 'Own it.')

turn 1 : have the chops to do this implies does she have the skills and abilities to do this


Do the doctors in these cases have any sort of ethical obligations with regards to the number of embryos?

I think they really do. Mega multiple births - seven, eight babies - are, as you pointed out, hugely risky, very dangerous to the mother. I don't know of any case where some of the children were not severely disabled as a result of prematurity or complications. The doctors have to try and do what they can to avoid it. And to be blunt, anybody who would transfer embryos - seven or eight embryos at a time - into a woman, I think, is basically close to malpractice.

And if you super-ovulated a woman using drugs, you've got to monitor that woman very, very closely. And if you see too many eggs, I think you need to advise them they better not have sexual relations or artificial insemination. They're going to make too many babies.

So if that took place, if the latter took place, what could they say to the mother and what they can legally do?I mean, isn't really up to the mother whether or not she carries these babies?

turn 1 : Pregnancy itself is being criminalized due to the broad scope of what actions can lead to a criminal prosecution

turn 1 : "You know, going through IVF, it's a very planned and purposeful pregnancy" - The literal meaning is that the pregnancy was a result of in vitro fertilization (IVF) which is a planned and purposeful process. The actual meaning is that the process of going through IVF is challenging and requires a strong commitment to the idea of becoming parents.

turn 1 : Transferring seven or eight embryos at a time into a woman is close to malpractice

turn 1 :  "She struggled with anxiety, but eventually she got pregnant through IVF."  Implicated meaning: The woman experienced anxiety related to her difficulties in conceiving a child, but was eventually able to become pregnant through in vitro fertilization (IVF).

turn 1 : The turn (2) "She struggled with anxiety, but eventually she got pregnant through IVF" has a figurative meaning, as it implies that the process of getting pregnant through in vitro fertilization (IVF) was a difficult and challenging one. The use of the word "struggled" connotes a sense of hardship or adversity, which is not necessarily part of the literal meaning of the statement.


Lettuce is an incredibly water-intensive crop. And the relationship with climate change and drought. . .

And even gender.

Iceberg in particular has managed to transcend these unfairly feminine connotations that salad-eating has taken on.

So as you reconsider iceberg's place in the fabric of our society and on your table, Rosner urges you to think even beyond the delicious wedge salad. She suggests stir-frying your lettuce, pickling it or blending it into a cold soup. And even if lettuce experimentation isn't for you, you can still try to let go of your leafy, green pretensions. Not everything has to be arugula.

turn 3 : The ice cap on Greenland is melting rapidly

turn 3 : the phenomenon described in the book is extraordinary and could be perceived as a miracle by some readers, even though the literal meaning is simply acknowledging that the phenomenon is portrayed realistically in the book.

turn 3 : Iceberg has a place in society and the contruction of it.

turn 3 : A thinks that the world prefers simple or sad narratives over other themes.

turn 3 : has a figurative meaning, as it is implying a joke about the idea of Dame Stella turning her experiences into a novel.


Hi.

So we're going to start off with a letter about a rule known as the 72(t) rule. It comes from Joan Fantasia(ph). She lives here in Los Angeles. She's a retired journalist from the L. A.  Times. She's 53 years old. And she asks, can you explain the 72(t)?There is no way I can hold out until age 59-and-a-half to get my 401(k) money. What's going on here, Michelle?

Well. The 72(t) rule is a rule from the IRS that states that if you have an IRA, an individual retirement account, you can withdraw a fixed amount of money for a minimum of five years or until you're 59-and-a-half, whichever comes last. That's an important point. So, let's say you're just a year into this and you turn 59-and-a-half, you still have to play out that five-year rule. So it's whichever comes last. And basically owners have to still pay ordinary income on the distribution, but you don't have to pay that 10 percent penalty. So, since she's so close, she could utilize this. But you have to be very, very careful about that because if you miscalculate and you don't take enough or you take too much, you're going to be hit with that 10 percent penalty.

Here's a more general question. This comes from Loreen Lynn(ph). And she says, I am a fool with money. Is there a general book or books that cover the basics of finance?What do you recommend, Michelle?

turn 1 : A is not fully agreeing with B's statement

turn 1 : B is not really interested in what A is wearing and is just making small talk.

turn 1 : B doesn't know the answer to the question and is making a random guess

turn 1 :  B implies that the character A is old or elderly.

turn 1 : B is changing the subject to ask about the 72(t) rule instead of just saying hi.


Henry Ford believed in it, didn't he?

That's right. And then he was forced by the courts to retract.

You take a look at these forgeries, and you're struck by the fact that they took a lot of work, discipline, creativity - qualities that you would like to think could be used more responsibly and honorably.

Yeah. In fact, that was our conclusion as a working group. And what we determined at the end was just how incredibly creative this activity is. We think of it as destructive, right?We think of it as deceptive - fabricating or mutilating history. But in a sense, that's also what historians have been doing for various personal motives or political motives over time. But in any event, even in that destruction, there is this kernel of the imagination and the desire to find ways to persuade other people to believe things - even preposterous things - as the truth, or at least to be plausible. And I think that's where the power of forgery as a category of human expression really, I think, looms large in our history.

turn 3 : A: "She has shown considerable ingenuity by her forgeries" - The literal meaning of "ingenuity" is creative ability or cleverness. In this context, it refers to the ability to forge documents convincingly, which is not a positive attribute.

turn 3 : the speaker is implying that forgery is a powerful form of expression and has been used throughout history for various political and personal motives.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is hinting at a deeper or hidden motive or intention behind their actions or words.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using a euphemism or understatement to convey a more significant or sensitive message.

turn 3 : not a literal meaning but rather a rhetorical question.


Wow. So that must have even surprised the researchers, I imagine.

Yeah, well the big thing is nobody really has any even guess about how the brain is able to do this. They did some similar experiments where they weren't turning somebody's world upside-down, they were - they had goggles that reversed right and left. So everything that was on your right is suddenly on your left.

And again, the first few days were just madness from the point of view of somebody doing this. The whole world is reversed. But after a few days, the brain adjusted to it.

Amazing. And so when they took the goggles of him and he had to go back to the normal life, how long did that take?

turn 1 : People start to stop thinking of anything while driving.

turn 1 : It's like watching something awful approach people and not be able to stop it.

turn 1 : The brain is capable of adjusting to unusual situations quickly.

turn 1 : when something is a headache in this context it means its annoying

turn 1 : The dangers of the ground is something the person remembers and thinks about a lot.


turn 2 : what they meant is that it's going to impress their brains later

turn 2 : People do not physically flip. They change their positions on issues.

turn 2 : People start to stop thinking of anything while driving.

turn 2 : The brain is capable of adjusting to normalcy after experiencing an unusual situation.

turn 2 : The speaker is suggesting that the situation might not be as serious or dangerous as it initially seemed.


I was like, is this really happening?I also was quite bothered by the fact that folk would actually take advantage of community organizers working, like, to shift the landscape of violence and discrimination that is happening in our country.

As an activist, are you concerned that people possibly outside of this country are using social issues, which are divisive, and trying to sort of pit people against each other?

That is the worry. It's a huge concern. And it's unfortunate. But this is the age of technology that we're living in. And with any business practice, you want to do your due diligence with the folks that you're partnering with. It's just better for our work that this has happened because then we get to elevate our work and be more intentional with the communities that we serve.

So when you say due diligence, what does that mean, practically speaking?What are you doing differently?

turn 0 : The protest has been peaceful despite potential for violence.

turn 0 : A is advocating for social and political change.

turn 0 : The landscape of violence is not an actual landscape but the way society promotes violence and violence is seen everywhere.

turn 0 : There is a problem with gun violence in America.

turn 0 : A is advocating for political activism and social justice


So the very beginning of it sounded a lot like rap to me.

Yeah. It is about the rhythm of the lyrics, rhythm of the words.

You have been living away from your home in Iran now, for a number of years. So how has life in exile been for you?

Actually, I - from the first days, I just could use this world for myself, world of exile. Here in the U. S. , I got mostly concentration on my work. I got my - silent; I got respect. I got - many things. Definitely, I miss my mom, I miss my family, I miss my friends. But not the concept of Iran - it's dead for me.

turn 1 : the scene in this context means genre of music

turn 1 : The speaker is mentioning a song that reflects their current emotions.

turn 1 : Having it to compared music as poetry and music has the heartstrings of everyone listening to the melodies of the instrument and words.

turn 1 : The song It's Real addresses a serious issue.

turn 1 : The music in the beginning sounded like rap to me, which is a form of music that has a strong focus on rhythm and poetic lyrics.


And so when two clumps of free protons and electrons hit each other, they will slow each other down. But dark matter has no charge. That's why we can't see it because the only reason you and I could see anything, it's because there's charges that are being accelerated. That's what light is. But if something has no charge, it doesn't give off light.

So yeah, so in the Bullet Cluster, dark matter and galaxies stayed together just as they should, and in Abell 520, they do not, and that is a mystery as to why exactly that is. There isn't a comfortable explanation that can be readily arrived at.

Is there a theory about what may be happening, or just - you have to just think about it some more?

Well, so there's a number of things that could be happening. All of them are slightly disturbing.

turn 0 : This phrase does not mean that the speaker is physically in a dark place or lacks light. It figuratively means that there is a lack of understanding or knowledge about dark matter.

turn 0 : In turn (3), the speaker is using the phrase "LHC stands for dark matter factory" figuratively, as the LHC is not literally a factory that produces dark matter particles. The speaker is expressing hope that the LHC will be able to detect or produce dark matter particles, which would help solve the mystery of dark matter.

turn 0 : "It's out of sight." - This does not literally mean that the object is out of sight. It implies that the object is not visible or noticeable, and the speaker is emphasizing its high concentration level.

turn 0 : (1) The speaker is explaining why dark matter cannot be seen because it has no charge and therefore does not emit light.

turn 0 : the speaker is discussing the possibility of extra dimensions and shadow universes, and how we can look for evidence of them at the Large Hadron Collider by observing the disappearance of energy. The actual meaning is not just about staying silent or not making noise, but rather exploring the concept of extra dimensions and the technique of observing energy leakage.


turn 1 : In turn (2), the speaker is using the phrase "dark matter holds things together" and "dark energy that's causing the expansion of the universe to speed up" in a figurative sense, rather than a literal one. Dark matter and dark energy are not literally holding physical objects together, but rather their gravitational effects are causing certain phenomena in the universe.

turn 1 : A: "But one of the things that's really exciting about dark matter, that makes it one of the deepest mysteries of the cosmos..." Implicated meaning: The speaker is expressing enthusiasm about the intriguing nature of dark matter, highlighting its status as one of the most profound mysteries in the universe. The actual meaning is not that dark matter is exciting in a literal sense, but rather that it presents a captivating and puzzling scientific inquiry.

turn 1 : In turn (3), the speaker is using the phrase "LHC stands for dark matter factory" figuratively, as the LHC is not literally a factory that produces dark matter particles. The speaker is expressing hope that the LHC will be able to detect or produce dark matter particles, which would help solve the mystery of dark matter.

turn 1 : (2) The speaker is discussing the phenomenon of dark matter and how it behaves in the Bullet Cluster and Abell 520. The fact that dark matter and galaxies stay together in the Bullet Cluster but not in Abell 520 is a mystery.

turn 1 : A: "I mean, it just loves hanging out with these galaxies, doesn't want to let go of them..." Implicated meaning: The speaker is personifying dark matter by saying that it "loves" and "doesn't want to let go" of galaxies, suggesting that dark matter has a strong gravitational interaction with galaxies. The actual meaning is not that dark matter has emotions or desires, but rather emphasizing its gravitational effects.


turn 2 : In turn (3), the speaker is using the phrase "LHC stands for dark matter factory" figuratively, as the LHC is not literally a factory that produces dark matter particles. The speaker is expressing hope that the LHC will be able to detect or produce dark matter particles, which would help solve the mystery of dark matter.

turn 2 : In turn (2), the speaker is using the phrase "dark matter holds things together" and "dark energy that's causing the expansion of the universe to speed up" in a figurative sense, rather than a literal one. Dark matter and dark energy are not literally holding physical objects together, but rather their gravitational effects are causing certain phenomena in the universe.

turn 2 : A: "But one of the things that's really exciting about dark matter, that makes it one of the deepest mysteries of the cosmos..." Implicated meaning: The speaker is expressing enthusiasm about the intriguing nature of dark matter, highlighting its status as one of the most profound mysteries in the universe. The actual meaning is not that dark matter is exciting in a literal sense, but rather that it presents a captivating and puzzling scientific inquiry.

turn 2 : A: "I mean, it just loves hanging out with these galaxies, doesn't want to let go of them..." Implicated meaning: The speaker is personifying dark matter by saying that it "loves" and "doesn't want to let go" of galaxies, suggesting that dark matter has a strong gravitational interaction with galaxies. The actual meaning is not that dark matter has emotions or desires, but rather emphasizing its gravitational effects.

turn 2 : (3) The speaker is asking if there is a theory about what may be happening with regards to the behavior of dark matter.


turn 3 : A: "But one of the things that's really exciting about dark matter, that makes it one of the deepest mysteries of the cosmos..." Implicated meaning: The speaker is expressing enthusiasm about the intriguing nature of dark matter, highlighting its status as one of the most profound mysteries in the universe. The actual meaning is not that dark matter is exciting in a literal sense, but rather that it presents a captivating and puzzling scientific inquiry.

turn 3 : In turn (3), the speaker is using the phrase "LHC stands for dark matter factory" figuratively, as the LHC is not literally a factory that produces dark matter particles. The speaker is expressing hope that the LHC will be able to detect or produce dark matter particles, which would help solve the mystery of dark matter.

turn 3 : In turn (2), the speaker is using the phrase "dark matter holds things together" and "dark energy that's causing the expansion of the universe to speed up" in a figurative sense, rather than a literal one. Dark matter and dark energy are not literally holding physical objects together, but rather their gravitational effects are causing certain phenomena in the universe.

turn 3 : (4) The speaker is saying that there are several possible explanations for the behavior of dark matter, but all of them are somewhat unsettling.

turn 3 : A: "I mean, it just loves hanging out with these galaxies, doesn't want to let go of them..." Implicated meaning: The speaker is personifying dark matter by saying that it "loves" and "doesn't want to let go" of galaxies, suggesting that dark matter has a strong gravitational interaction with galaxies. The actual meaning is not that dark matter has emotions or desires, but rather emphasizing its gravitational effects.


It is very unusual. So we found out in a backhanded sort of way and then called up the Pentagon to say - hey, is this true?Have you guys not released that money?Yeah, well, it is. Well, why?And they didn't have an answer to that question.

All right. So let me fast-forward us along on our timeline to August 30. You wrote a letter on that date to Mick Mulvaney, the head of the Office of Management and Budget - OMB - also acting White House chief of staff.

Yeah. We wanted to have as much force behind the letter as possible, so we did it in a bipartisan way with me and ranking member Thornberry, the ranking Republican on the Armed Services Committee. We sent off the letter saying, you know, please release the money, and please tell us why you're holding it up.

Yeah, I've got this letter in front of me. It's straightforward, one page. (Reading) Please inform the committee why these funds are being held and when they will be released.

turn 0 : It is unclear exactly what the motive for the actions was.

turn 0 : The conversation was private and sealed, so it's unclear what was discussed.

turn 0 : They found out the information in an indirect way from people not involved.

turn 0 : The reporting brought emphasis to the harrassment so that others would notice.

turn 0 : (1) implies that the speaker wants to know what happened to the news organizations that weren't permitted in the briefing,


Well, we'll have to wait and see. The purpose, obviously, is to send a signal that those members of the armed forces that choose to work with the opposition, if they are under sanctions, will have those sanctions lifted. And those who might be facing sanctions would not face them if they chose to work with the opposition. We're going to have to wait and see how that's received.

How important is the support that this government has received from Cuba, and Russia and maybe other countries, as well?

It's important. On the Cuban side, some of the support has been exaggerated in terms of numbers. But without a doubt, the support they provide in the area of counterintelligence has been critical to. . .

They send intelligence agents to help work the streets of Caracas, or wherever.

turn 0 : It is not yet known how the sanctions will be received

turn 0 : Iran would be willing to negotiate if some of the sanctions were removed.

turn 0 : (2) Implies that the speaker is questioning whether or not the sanctions are just symbolic gestures with no real, tangible impact.

turn 0 : If the Trump administration offers to remove some of the sanctions on Iran, Iran would be willing to negotiate.

turn 0 : The sanctions may not be as effective as the president suggests.


turn 3 : Gangs have a lot of power and influence inside Brazilian prisons.

turn 3 : Cuban intelligence agents work in the streets of Caracas

turn 3 : The Venezuelan government is responsible for many extrajudicial killings.

turn 3 : Many drug gangs operate and recruit from inside of Brazilian jails.


Well, what he was accused of doing amid a custody battle with his wife, Mia Farrow, was of abusing his young daughter, Dylan, taking her into the attic and sexually molesting her. This had played out because of - there was a scandal that had happened just weeks, months before where Mia Farrow had discovered that Woody Allen had taken nude pictures of her daughter with her former husband, Andre Previn, Soon-Yi.

To whom Mr.  Allen's now married, yeah.

To whom Mr.  Allen has now been married for many years. And that tore the family apart. And so it was this sort of twin scandal, a Greek tragedy if you will, that played out at that time and has had these repercussions ever since.

How did The Hollywood Reporter - the features editor, Stephen Galloway, handle that part of the story?

turn 2 : A 'twin scandal' in this case doesn't speak of any genetic relationship, but two tightly connected situations, as twins are tightly connected familially.

turn 2 :  the speaker is suggesting that steganography and encryption are similar and related, rather than literally saying that they are "close cousins".

turn 2 : that the acquaintance between the two people had grown over the years.

turn 2 : The statement implies that the relationship was from childhood but has now taken a new dimension.


Constitutional?

I think across the board. This is emblematic of the broader problem that we face, which is Congress not doing its job in pushing off issues that the American people want to adjudicate to the president who then uses dubious authorities to do things that he couldn't otherwise do. It's about the very basis, the very nature of our regime.

What effect do you think this declaration of national emergency might have on that?

I think it makes everybody just a little more cynical, right?Here we have a situation where Congress has been facing this issue for months. We had the longest shutdown in American history. And they chose not to do anything about it. So far as I can tell, people who opposed the wall didn't try to win that debate. People who supported the war didn't try to win that debate. And the president didn't seem to be overly interested in trying to win that debate.

turn 1 : The president thinks that the media is out to ruin him and makes them out to be evil.

turn 1 : He would be fulfilling a government role and Trump makes it look like he does all of the work.

turn 1 : congress is uncertain, often because other matters have to be decided

turn 1 : The president is trying to divert attention away from negative news about him and his administration

turn 1 : Congress is not doing its job and is passing their responsibilities to the president who then abuses his power


Right. And it's because of a change in the law post-9/11 that made - that gave the State Department the ability to designate specific terrorist groups. And once that group was designated, they fell under the Patriot Act. And we could investigate - the FBI could investigate specifically individuals both in the United States and overseas that were involved in any kind of transactional or transnational terrorism events with more - a greater ability, I guess, to utilize the techniques available to us.

So what can be done?I mean, are there changes that can be made in the law that might help prevent an attack like the one we saw in El Paso?

Well, there are a lot of laws that apply right now to domestic terrorism, but most of them are state laws. They're not federal laws. There is no federal murder statute, for example, unless you are a federal official of some sort and you are murdered or there's an attempted murder on you. So the El Paso case, for example, is probably going to be prosecuted as a local homicide case of 20 counts of homicide, 22, however many victims we have, by the local DA. It's not a federal case. At this point, the FBI is kind of peripherally assisting that investigation. But they're not specifically involved in or going to be involved in the prosecution. Now. . .

Could the law change?I mean, could Congress pass a law that says that an act like this, when you kill this many people, is a federal crime?

turn 0 : Specifically mentioning terrorist organizations as an example of non-governmental entities

turn 0 : Designation of terrorist groups under the Patriot Act helped FBI investigate terrorists more effectively

turn 0 : Continuing the discussion on non-governmental entities, particularly terrorist organizations

turn 0 : is asking how intelligence agencies have changed in response to Edward Snowden and WikiLeaks hacking


turn 3 : Congressional Republicans won't pass the bill unless the President makes sure they will not be hurt politically.

turn 3 : The federal government has investigated alternatives to lethal force and improving police-community relations for decades, but these techniques have not gained enough traction.

turn 3 : Congress could pass a law to make an act that results in the death of multiple people a federal crime

turn 3 : The AMA is concerned about another abortion law.

turn 3 : The composition of Congress and Senate may undergo substantial changes over the next two election cycles as more and more sexual harassment allegations continue to surface against longstanding members of Congress.


Always a pleasure, Neal.

And how big is this change?

It is big. The previous record was in 2007, where a very large percentage of this ice melted away. This year, it's already bigger than 2007 by an area the size of Texas. This is - this really shattered that record which in itself was a pretty dramatic departure from the average.

And, well, if things melt, it's because things are warmer, right?

That is exactly right. And what happens also is the Arctic ice has been getting thinner over the years. And so it used to be that you can have some warm summers up there, and you wouldn't melt it all away because you'd have 10 feet or 20 feet thick of ice. And you'd melt some of it, but you wouldn't melt it all the way through. But because of this warming trend up there, it is where the planet is warming faster than anywhere else. The Arctic, what we've seen is the ice getting thinner up there. And so a fairly small pretubance will actually melt a lot of the ice because it's thin to begin with. You don't have to melt 20 feet of ice. You might melt three feet of ice.

turn 2 : The Arctic ice is melting faster than ever before due to global warming, which causes a thinning of the ice.

turn 2 : There has been a long-term warming trend resulting in the Arctic ice melt.

turn 2 : There was no extraordinary weather pattern to explain the dramatic ice melting in the Arctic, it was caused by the ice being too thin.

turn 2 : The ice cap on Greenland is melting rapidly


Always a pleasure, Neal.

And how big is this change?

turn 4 : There was no extraordinary weather pattern to explain the dramatic ice melting in the Arctic, it was caused by the ice being too thin.

turn 4 : The ice is thinning, making it easier to melt, so a small increase in temperature can cause significant melting.

turn 4 : There has been a long-term warming trend resulting in the Arctic ice melt.

turn 4 : The protein locks it up means it stops the ice crystal from freezing or getting larger.


Yeah.

That is just a staggering figure. Is the battle to keep San Francisco affordable already a lost battle?

That's a very good question, Ailsa. And I would - you know, I'm still optimistic that we can turn things around here and right the ship in San Francisco. We can't just keep supporting job creation and growth unchecked. And now in 2019, it's time for us to ask the tech sector to start paying their fair share in taxes so that we can support everybody to be able to live and thrive in our city.

San Francisco Supervisor Gordon Mar joined us from member station KQED in San Francisco. Thank you very much for speaking with us.

Thank you, Ailsa.

turn 2 : "drive some tech companies out of San Francisco" - Literal meaning: to force tech companies to leave San Francisco. Actual meaning: to cause some tech companies to consider moving out of San Francisco due to the proposed tax increase, which may negatively impact their financial situation.

turn 2 : So California has been where innovation has been occuring and tested.

turn 2 : San Francisco needs to start asking the tech sector to pay their fair share of taxes so that everyone can live and thrive in the city.

turn 2 : Companies pay their CEOs huge profits, while the workers get a small share.


There are probably two or three important things. One is I think it gives you an insight into the company and what they do with the data they gather. Now, Facebook say they don't sell data, but they certainly make money out of it. And I think one of the things that concerned us was whether some of the developers that work with Facebook get preferential access to data depending on how valuable that relationship is. I think there was something else, which is potentially an antitrust issue, which is the dominant position Facebook has I think allows it to pick winners on its platform. There are big questions about the way in which they use their power. The final thing I think which is I think particularly significant is are users giving informed consent when they give data to Facebook?

Mr.  Collins, why should anyone be worried about that?Is it just what you would expect a business to do, maximize the information it has and reward the most promising relationships?

I think we all understand with these sorts of social media tools they're free to use, but in some ways, you're giving your data to the company. The company makes money out of that by selling advertising. But the question is are we giving up far more data than we realize?And then what happens to that data when the company has it?And I think it's right that we have some say and some protection over how it's used.

Do you feel Facebook has been honest with you?

turn 2 : They are just beginning and working with the first part of the data.

turn 2 : Users should have more control over their data

turn 2 : The information does not boil down, but it gets to the most practical facts.

turn 2 : It is a bad idea either way for the social media companies.


turn 2 : A believes that Facebook should be responsible for protecting people from propaganda, but not necessarily limit free speech. 2. A believes that people should be able to distinguish between fact and fiction on their own.

turn 2 : "maybe a Facebook update" implies a ridicule of A's statement.

turn 2 : there are concerns about how Facebook uses the data it collects from its users, and whether users are fully aware of the amount of data they are giving up and how it is being used. The speaker suggests that users should have more say in how their data is used and more protection over their privacy. This implies that there may be some issues with how Facebook handles user data and that users may not fully understand the extent of their data sharing.


As any historian will tell you, history is a living thing. And there's always a debate over how events can be interpreted and understood. Poland recently has gone a step further, legislating how to talk about one of the darkest periods in its history.

We are in a moment when we decide about how we're going to teach about and remember the Holocaust in the future.

Anna Sommer Schneider is a professor of Jewish civilization at Georgetown. This past week, the country's president signed a law that would punish anyone who suggests Poland was complicit in the Holocaust. Critics, including Israel and the U. S.  State Department, say the law will stifle discussion about those atrocities and cover up the role of Poles who killed or denounced Jews during World War II. For Schneider, this debate is personal. In 1977, she was born in the same town as Poland's most infamous concentration camp.

Despite the fact that I was born and raised literally in the shadows of the gas chambers, there was very little information available for me at that time - what Auschwitz really was.

turn 2 : The new law signed by the president of Poland will stifle discussions on the atrocities committed by Poles against Jews during the Holocaust.

turn 2 : The speaker is worried that the lessons of the Holocaust might be forgotten or ignored

turn 2 : Jews are still seen as outsiders in Poland due to a history of anti-Semitism.

turn 2 : The law punishing those who suggest Poland was complicit in the Holocaust will stifle discussion about atrocities and cover up the role of Poles who killed or denounced Jews during World War II.


Well, you know, Lula to his supporters is an Abe Lincoln-type figure. He is the face of the working class that accomplished something. I mean, he was Brazil's first president who came from poverty. He ran for president three times and lost. And then when he finally got in, he had in some respects the good fortune of presiding over a commodities boom. And therefore, 30 million Brazilians came out of poverty and into the middle class during his presidency from 2003 to 2010. Since then, as you know, things have fallen apart. And he had a role in that, a role in the economic mismanagement but also a role in the corrupt ways of doing business in politics.

Remind us what exactly he's being accused of.

Well, Lula has five sets of corruption charges against him. And this one that he was sentenced for recently was - it involves a beachfront apartment that he was allegedly given access to with his family in return for considerations on a - what amounted to a government contract.

And it's part of, of course, a wider corruption scandal that has been uncovered that's really rocking Brazil at the moment. Tell us a little bit about the context in which this is happening.

turn 3 : The actual meaning of turn (3) is different from its literal meaning. While the literal meaning suggests that there are similar scenes in Brazil and Germany as in the FIFA scandal, the implied meaning is that there are investigations and consequences in those countries related to corruption in football

turn 3 :  "a wider corruption scandal that has been uncovered that's really rocking Brazil at the moment" - the literal meaning is that there is a scandal involving corruption that is causing instability in Brazil. The actual meaning is that the corruption scandal has had a significant impact on Brazilian politics and society.

turn 3 : Turn (3) describes the discovery of clues that led to the unraveling of the scandal, which is consistent with its literal meaning.

turn 3 : "let's go into the details of this scandal" - figurative meaning: let's discuss and examine the scandal in detail, literal meaning: let's physically go to the place where the scandal is happening.


In the 15 seconds we have left, if there's an agreement of some kind this weekend, does the debate just begin all over again in a couple of weeks over the debt ceiling?

Absolutely. We are sort of going through one crisis at a time right now.

Ramesh Ponnuru is senior editor for the National Review and a columnist for Bloomberg View. Thank so much for being with us, sir.

You're welcome.

turn 1 : "And in that sense, we are having a crisis that really affects Western liberal democracies writ large."  The actual meaning implied here is that the crisis being discussed is not limited to a specific country or region but has a broader impact on Western liberal democracies as a whole. It suggests that the crisis is significant and far-reaching.

turn 1 : (2) is different from its literal meaning. While the speaker is apologizing for their question, the implied meaning is that they are skeptical about the severity of the situation and the potential consequences of aid shortages.

turn 1 : The literal meaning of turn (1) is a request for information about the options available to the United States at present. The implied meaning, however, is that the speaker is concerned about the situation in Syria and is looking for possible courses of action that the United States could take to address the root cause of the humanitarian crisis there. The speaker believes that the Assad regime's practice of shelling populated areas not under its control is the main driver behind the crisis and that this should be the focus of the United States' response.

turn 1 : (2).  While the literal meaning of A's response is simply agreement with B's statement, the implied meaning is that there are multiple crises happening simultaneously, and therefore the country is not able to focus on one issue before another arises. This suggests a sense of overwhelm or difficulty in managing the situation.


And I was like, ooh, that's catchy. And I was like, uh oh. Song time. And I put my sandwich down, ran to my little studio and just got to work.

"Jaime" is a really personal record. It's named for the older sister Brittany adored, the sister who taught her how to play the piano and write poems. Jaime died of cancer when the girls were still kids.

What was she like?

First thing I picture are her nails.

turn 3 : She looked at him like he was very strange and unknown to her.

turn 3 : A's decision to shave her head is about intimacy and power.

turn 3 : He is implying that she helps a lot of people.

turn 3 : She is not being put in a box. She means the roles people apply to her and her life.

turn 3 : First thing that he sees in his mind about her is her nails.


The big one was that they died of lead poisoning due to the canning of the canned tin goods. The problem with that - these guys hadn't eaten any tin food. It was only three months into their voyage.

It was a dire situation anyway you look at it. But, of course, in your book, it wasn't dire enough. You throw in an Arctic beast.

I do, an unexplained Arctic beast that we never see. And the reason for that is I wanted something to personify just the terror, the horror of the darkness, the five months of darkness, the terrible cold - 100 degrees below zero - the constricting ice that you had to listen to against the hull, you know, all the time.

What would be the best-case scenario for you if they find which ship it is?What would you like to know?

turn 1 : "and that complicated the rescue effort." - The implied meaning here is that the wind made the rescue effort more difficult, rather than just causing complications.

turn 1 :  B: "It wasn't dire enough" - The literal meaning suggests that the situation was not severe enough, but in the context of the conversation, it implies that the situation was already very dire, and adding an Arctic beast to the story made it even more terrifying.

turn 1 : (3) - "It was devastating, just absolutely devastating." suggests that the event caused immense emotional distress, rather than physical destruction.

turn 1 : The situation was dire and I was desperate to get to my destination.


turn 2 : (3) is a sign of amusement, indicating the speaker was laughing at the metaphor.

turn 2 :  (3) is not a meaningful statement, so its actual meaning is different from its literal meaning.

turn 2 :  implies the beast served to represent the fear, horror and cold of the situation;

turn 2 : (3) The implied meaning is that there is a great sense of uncertainty and concern about what will happen next, and it's not clear whether the situation is still a political game or has escalated to military brinksmanship. The literal meaning is consistent with this implied meaning.

turn 2 :  "scare the hell out of me" - This is an idiomatic expression that means to frighten someone a lot.


turn 3 :  implies the speaker is asking what would make the best outcome for the speaker's book if the identity of the ship was discovered.

turn 3 :  you imply that something is the case

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be suggesting that there are some hidden or unknown factors that could influence the situation being discussed.

turn 3 : Turn (3) describes the discovery of clues that led to the unraveling of the scandal, which is consistent with its literal meaning.

turn 3 : The actual meaning of turn 3 is "Thank you for joining us and providing information on the topic."


I know as far as me in the glamour I always go back to self-responsibility. It really does have to start with the person. They have to make a choice to want to get educated about HIV, and learn about it. And I really think that people should realize that it's a 100 percent - 100 percent preventable disease. It's a disease you don't have to get. It is something you have to acquire. So, I really want people, you know, to get that in their head. Like, quit blaming, you know, the media, or rap videos, or you know, school systems. It really has to start with you.

If you had to describe in one word what keeps you going when you're down, what would it be?

Life. You know, just me. I'm my own motivation, I'm my own role model, you know, I love me, and I'm very happy, you know, that HIV presented itself in my life. You know, a lot of people would regret it or whatever, but it really taught me self-love, self-acceptance, and self-responsibility. And that's the best thing I could possibly ask for.

Well, Marvelyn, thank you.

turn 0 : Incorporating a superhero with HIV in real life situations to raise awareness of the disease.

turn 0 : I couldn't think of any better way to show people that, you know, this isn't the 1980s anymore. You can live a long and healthy life living with HIV. People like me don't bring death, we can actually bring life.  The actual meaning of this turn goes beyond its literal meaning. While A is stating that HIV is no longer a death sentence and that people with HIV can live long, healthy lives, the turn also communicates A's desire to challenge stigmatizing beliefs about HIV and to educate people on the reality of living with HIV. The phrase "People like me don't bring death, we can actually bring life" is a powerful statement that challenges the notion that people with HIV are a danger to society.

turn 0 : HIV is preventable, but it requires individuals to take responsibility for educating themselves about the disease.

turn 0 : This implies that the lack of adequate medical supplies has been affecting the medics response to the virus.

turn 0 : RNA viruses are a high risk for disease scientists.


Well, Marvelyn, thank you.

turn 2 : I couldn't think of any better way to show people that, you know, this isn't the 1980s anymore. You can live a long and healthy life living with HIV. People like me don't bring death, we can actually bring life.  The actual meaning of this turn goes beyond its literal meaning. While A is stating that HIV is no longer a death sentence and that people with HIV can live long, healthy lives, the turn also communicates A's desire to challenge stigmatizing beliefs about HIV and to educate people on the reality of living with HIV. The phrase "People like me don't bring death, we can actually bring life" is a powerful statement that challenges the notion that people with HIV are a danger to society.

turn 2 : Incorporating a superhero with HIV in real life situations to raise awareness of the disease.

turn 2 : Living with HIV has taught me to love and accept myself, and I am grateful for the experience.

turn 2 : A's statement "People like me don't bring death, we can actually bring life" is an example of non-literal meaning as it is not meant to be taken literally. It is a metaphorical statement to challenge the stigmatizing beliefs associated with HIV and to promote awareness that individuals with HIV can lead long and fulfilling lives.


The yield curve has inverted for a full quarter, and that has been associated with predicting a recession for the last seven recessions. So from 1960s, this indicator has been reliable in terms of foretelling a recession. And also, importantly, it has not given any false signals yet.

So that would mean yes (laughter).

That means yes.

OK. So let me break down - let me ask you to break down what that means. What is the yield curve, and what does it mean when it's inverted?

turn 2 : The inverted yield curve is a bad sign for the economy.

turn 2 : "yield curve" - This turn has a figurative meaning, as it refers to the relationship between short-term and long-term interest rates rather than an actual curve.

turn 2 : A is stating the obvious about the power being out

turn 2 :  In turn 3, A is referring to the statistic's number as an "alarm bell" to signify that something might be wrong with the image.

turn 2 : A is confirming that the yield curve has inverted.


We have frozen nonessential travel. We've frozen nonessential hiring. And we've also given all of our staff - 2,500 of them across the state - a 60-day notice of a furlough - that is unpaid leave time - to be taken sometime during the fiscal year.

You have asked state legislators to intervene. Have they, and are you optimistic it might make a difference?

It's going to be a very heavy lift in that overriding the veto requires three quarters of the legislature in combined session. So 45 of Alaska's 60 legislators need to override the veto.

The governor's argument is that these cuts are, A, necessary for the budget and, B, that they would allow the University of Alaska to be - and I'll quote him - "smaller, leaner but still very, very positive and a productive university. "If I'm hearing you right, you are not in agreement.

turn 0 : No one's feet were literally frozen, it just means that it was really cold outside and people's feet felt cold.

turn 0 : The travel has not been frozen in the sense of encased in ice - it has just been suspended, metaphorically.

turn 0 : The Arctic may have pockets of ice even when it appears ice-free

turn 0 : The word 'Cold' does not literally mean they are cold and chill, it has the implied meaning that they are not in good terms

turn 0 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer


Is there any such thing as truly pure water from any source, bottled or tap?

Well, it's called distilled water, sure. It ends up actually not tasting very good. It's funny actually - for Aquafina and Dasani and actually the major bottled water brands, that's actually tap water that is passed through very fine filters. It's called reverse osmosis. And then the water actually is too clean to taste good. So, in the industry they call it pixie dust - they put some minerals actually back into the water to improve the taste.

So, clean water tastes bad.

Well, I mean, what's clean water, right?I mean, the water that we have out of our tap is clean. The water that we have out of bottled water is clean, right?The question is do you want water that has no contaminants in it all, which would be distilled, or water that's safe to drink?And the fact is we could certainly treat water if we wanted to, to the point where there's nothing in it, but we wouldn't be willing to pay the cost.

turn 2 : The water is so clean that it is safe to drink.

turn 2 : (3) "So, clean water tastes bad." The speaker is not suggesting that clean water always tastes bad, but rather making a statement based on the previous speaker's explanation that excessively purified water (i.e. distilled water) can have a less appealing taste. The implied meaning is that excessively purified water can have a less appealing taste, not that all clean water tastes bad.

turn 2 : In Turn 2, the speaker is implying that even though the incident in West Virginia was unfortunate, it is still a testament to the quality of drinking water in the US, as similar incidents rarely occur.

turn 2 : The invisibility and tastelessness of water problems make it easier for them to go unnoticed and unaddressed, leading to potential risks to public health and safety.


So, clean water tastes bad.

turn 3 : (4) is the turn whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning. The speaker is not talking about waiting for an actual rainy day but rather saving the money for future needs or emergencies. The phrase "wait for a rainy day" is a common idiom used to refer to saving money for a future time of need or unexpected expenses.

turn 3 : "And the fact is we could certainly treat water if we wanted to, to the point where there's nothing in it, but we wouldn't be willing to pay the cost."  The literal meaning of this turn is that it is possible to treat water to the point where there are no contaminants in it, but the cost would be too high for people to be willing to pay for it. The actual meaning is the same as the literal meaning, and there is no figurative language or idiomatic expression used.

turn 3 : Basically, when we haven't got enough money, we have to decide who's not going to get food."  The actual meaning implied in this turn is: "Essentially, when we lack sufficient funds, we need to determine which individuals will not receive food."

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is hinting at something they want or need, but they don't want to ask for it directly.

turn 3 : The statement of A implied that he is suggesting investing in companies that are working to address the problem of lack of clean water


. . . Because I have Nusayba. And she is alive and smiling and well thanks to an anonymous live donor, who came through at the last second. . .

Yeah.

. . . And gave a piece of his liver, which is now in my daughter's belly. And she lives. What more can we ask for?My life is complete.

We can reveal his name, too, can't we?

turn 0 : the donor person allowed part of their liver to be used right before the person was to die.

turn 0 : She got the liver of a man that cares about others more than himself.

turn 0 : Are they willing to let people die over that principle?

turn 0 : This made the person have to stay where they were at.

turn 0 : How important is this for the person and also they want to know if they are different now that they are older.


So are you surprised by these numbers?Is there anything in the report we haven't really heard before?

Unfortunately I wish I could say I was surprised. But it's pretty much an extension of what we've known going back for decades now, and that is that our path of tougher sentencing laws and higher rates of incarceration has really continued unabated. And at this point, as this report points out, we stand alone on the global stage with really no other peers in terms of our use of incarceration.

Can you break down the numbers by race?

Well, that's where the numbers are most compelling and most frightening. The one in a hundred number that got most of the attention, one in a hundred Americans are in prison or jail, obscures the underlying trends and the geographical concentration of incarceration, particularly among low-income communities of color. And once you look for young African—American males, as the report points out, black men between the ages of 20 and 34, one in nine of them are in prison or jail on a given day.

turn 1 : The numbers in the report confirm that the use of incarceration in the US has been consistently high for decades, and the country stands alone globally in its incarceration rates.

turn 1 : The prison industry has become too expensive for some states to handle and rehabilitation is a possible solution

turn 1 : The states are considering new strategies to reduce prison population and save money for other budget priorities.

turn 1 : It is being implied that the criminals are having a difficult time.

turn 1 : There might be more alleged victims in the federal indictment


Can you break down the numbers by race?

turn 2 : The juvenile justice system disproportionately affects low-income African-American and Latino youths.

turn 2 : Iowa's current distinction in the ratio of African-Americans in prison is a problem that needs to be addressed

turn 2 : The underlying trends and geographical concentration of incarceration disproportionately affect low-income communities of color, particularly young African-American males.

turn 2 : There is a racial disparity in the number of African-American and Latino youths in high-level juvenile facilities compared to Caucasian youths.


Can you break down the numbers by race?

turn 3 : The speaker is worried that their work may contribute to the stereotype that black people are oversexualized.

turn 3 : Some people stereotype black people as oversexed, and the speaker is afraid that their work might reinforce this stereotype.

turn 3 : The numbers highlight the overrepresentation of black men between the ages of 20 and 34 in the prison or jail population.

turn 3 : We need more people to hire black people in the media.

turn 3 :  implies that the crime problem in Detroit is serious and that it has become a stereotype;


There's problems, obviously, with monitoring the situation. The government won't let - of Myanmar - won't let international monitors in. And, in fact, the top U. N.  official responsible for human rights was barred from the country. Is that right?

Yanghee Lee, the U. N. 's special rapporteur for human rights in Myanmar, has been denied entry. A U. N.  fact-finding mission has been denied entry. If there was going to be a return - and this is premature - but if there was going to be a return, there would have to be some sort of international monitoring in place.

Myanmar sees most of the Rohingya as illegal migrants who originally came from Bangladesh generations ago. Bangladesh does not want them either. We're seeing a new generation growing up in refugee camps. In many ways, they are stateless people. Bangladesh is not giving newborns, for example, documents to show that they have any status at all in the country. So what is the way forward?

The bottom line is they - Rohingya have been in Myanmar for centuries. They have legitimate claims to citizenship there. And the notion that they're stateless or somehow they are kind of an alien people is nonsense. It is nonsense. It is a myth perpetrated by the authorities in Myanmar. So yeah, the government of Bangladesh should have policies that are tolerant and willing to take care of the Rohingya for as long as they need to be taken care of. But the culprit here is the government and the military in Myanmar.

turn 3 : The Myanmar government is preventing international monitors from overseeing the situation, indicating they have something to hide.

turn 3 : The government of Bangladesh and Burma are under pressure to repatriate the Rohingya, but there are no measures in place to ensure their safety upon return.

turn 3 : The government and military of Myanmar are responsible for the mistreatment of the Rohingya.

turn 3 : The government of Myanmar is not allowing international monitors to oversee the situation.

turn 3 :  (4) suggests that the government of Myanmar has started to relax its restrictions on the media.


Yeah. So Texas Governor Greg Abbott, in a press conference, announced the number of casualties in today's shooting here in El Paso. That number is 20 total casualties with 26 others injured. Authorities say the victims range in all age groups. The governor called this one of the deadliest days in Texas.

And what more do we know about the person who was taken into custody?

You know, from the authorities, we don't know much more beyond this was a white 20-year-old - 21-year-old male who was apprehended without incident by the El Paso police at an intersection just behind the Walmart. The state police is taking the lead on this investigation. But at today's press conference, the El Paso police chief say that they believe that this incident may be connected to a hate crime.

And why did they say that?

turn 2 : Turn (3) describes the discovery of clues that led to the unraveling of the scandal, which is consistent with its literal meaning.

turn 2 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer

turn 2 : This statement implies that the situation is unpredictable and confusing for many people.

turn 2 : to be connected to something in this context means something happened because of something else


Yeah.

Well, Mayor Belangia, good luck. I hope I see Oriental someday. It sounds like a lovely place.

Please do. You will fall in love with it.

And I'll bring a loaf of bread for you.

turn 1 :  The implied meaning of this turn is: Was there any particular reason for choosing this neighbourhood for your business?

turn 1 : The implied meaning of (2) is to ask why the mayor is not taking responsibility for his actions and resigning, rather than asking why he isn't simply stepping away from the role.

turn 1 : Turn (4) implies that Nuria Chinchilla is thankful for being invited to the show and is concluding the interview.

turn 1 : The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker believes that the U.S. will suffer from the consequences of withdrawing from UNESCO, both on a global and a national level.

turn 1 : The speaker is expressing well-wishes to Mayor Belangia, but may not actually intend to visit Oriental or bring bread. The statement is likely meant to be polite or humorous.


Yeah.

And I'll bring a loaf of bread for you.

turn 2 : the literal and actual meanings are the same. The speakers are simply exchanging pleasantries and expressing gratitude for the conversation

turn 2 : The speaker identifies with various forms of art and culture, and has a deep appreciation for life and love.

turn 2 : The speaker is confident in the appeal of Oriental and believes that the listener will enjoy visiting the place.

turn 2 : The turn suggests that the speaker is feeling frustrated and overwhelmed.


Yeah.

And I'll bring a loaf of bread for you.

turn 3 : Actual meaning: B is bringing the conversation to an end because of time constraints, but expressing interest in having A return in the future. Literal meaning: B is stating that A will be invited back and that Michael Graham is the podcast editor for The Weekly Standard.

turn 3 : The implied meaning is that B's special person is being given the utmost care and protection.

turn 3 : The actual meaning of (4) is that B is expressing appreciation for the invitation, and that he will bring something as a gift when he visits.

turn 3 : The implied meaning is that B has a unique and special person in their life that they want to share with the world.

turn 3 :  The implied meaning of this turn is that the guest is expressing gratitude for being invited to the show


I was - I did an interview on a radio station where one of the leaders of the class war was on there. They've protested outside housing developments. They've protested outside banks before and they get absolutely nowhere with it, but as soon as they threw paint on our shop, they hit the headlines. So I think they got what they wanted.

Why did you open up in this neighborhood?

Shoreditch is a really creative part of London. There's a lot of - new businesses start right around here and a lot of creative businesses as well. So it just seemed like our brand and what we wanted to do fitted in really well here.

And what do you serve?I said $5 bowls of cereal, but expand on that menu if you could.

turn 1 : can be interpreted as a way to inquire about the current situation in the city, not just the events taking place.

turn 1 : In turn (2), the speaker acknowledges that people who own properties are more likely to benefit from property buyouts. However, the implied meaning is that the property buyout program may reinforce existing socioeconomic disparities, as people with more wealth are generally more often property owners. This suggests that the program may not be equally accessible to everyone, which is different from the literal meaning of the turn.

turn 1 : In turn (1), the speaker asks why the neighborhoods around Logan were affected by some issue or problem. The literal meaning of the turn is a question about the specific cause or nature of the issue.

turn 1 :  The implied meaning of this turn is: Was there any particular reason for choosing this neighbourhood for your business?

turn 1 : In turn (1), the speaker implies that the big local newspaper was a point of pride and reflection for the community, despite the hostility towards it.


And Mr.  Cohen has had his brushes with the criminal justice system before, hasn't he?

Well, I don't think it's fair to say that he has. I think that there are many people around him who have, ranging from members of his family to myriad business associates - associates of his in the taxi business. When he first got out of law school and started working as a personal injury lawyer in, I think, 1992 or 1993, the first job he took was with a personal injury law firm where the named partner was arrested on bribery charges within a year or two of Michael having arrived there. Now, Michael was a junior associate. You know, I wouldn't want to imply that somehow that related to him, but that was the first known instance of many that followed of Mr.  Cohen being around or being involved with people that got into a lot of legal trouble - other lawyers, business associates and so forth.

In the 30 seconds we have left, is he - is Michael Cohen in a position to know a lot about Donald Trump and The Trump Organization that they might rather not have the public know?

I think that's right. But I think we have to make a distinction between knowing a lot that they might not want the public to know to having information that represents evidence that can be used in a criminal prosecution, whether it's of people at The Trump Organization, Mr.  Trump's family or Mr.  Trump himself, who likely wouldn't be indicted under any circumstances because he's the sitting president.

turn 1 : Michael Cohen's role at the Trump Organization was not that of a lawyer.

turn 1 : Michael Cohen has been associated with people who have gotten into legal trouble

turn 1 : The recent revelation about Michael Cohen seems to indicate that there was actual collusion between the Trump campaign and Russia.

turn 1 : Trump said the person is bad at their job and causes trouble to others.


We're talking with NPR foreign correspondent Deborah Amos, with us from our bureau in Beirut. You're listening to TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News. But does that suggest that people believe that some sort of conference, some sort of agreement will freeze things in place, at some point?

Well, maybe if we get to Geneva 10 as many. . .

. . . analysts talk about here.

Not funny, but it's funny.

turn 0 : The United States stopped abiding by the terms of the agreement.

turn 0 : A is concerned about the possibility of violent conflict with no other options.

turn 0 : The talks don't move, but the result of the talks could cause something to happen.

turn 0 : The agreement will cause things to come to a halt with no further changes.

turn 0 : The situation is uncertain and they need to take it one step at a time


It is anything that is connected to the web. Dyn says that attacks against their data centers originated from tens of millions IP addresses associated with various web-connected devices, so things like closed-circuit TV cameras, DVRs, routers. And that's pretty new kind of denial of service attack. We've all been buying these new things, connecting them to Wi-Fi. Internet wonks will call this the internet of things. And, you know, experts have been warning that these things are never secure. And, well, this is the most visible example so far of what happens when hackers hijack a tremendous number of them.

Could this attack - could it have originated with a whole collection of gifted technologists or some guy sitting in his Jockey shorts in his studio apartment?

Like I said, we don't know who was behind it. But it was a very complex staged attack that co-opted lots and lots of devices in people's homes. The specific complexity of this issue was that the devices were around the world. And Dyn says that the final incident was finally completed and resolved. As of last night, they had kicked the hackers out of all of their data servers. But of course, now there's this renewed urgency to talk about what happens when we connect all these things through the Wi-Fi without giving much thought to their security.

And quickly, anything people can do to protect themselves?

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be suggesting that there are some hidden or unknown factors that could influence the situation being discussed.

turn 3 : This statement implies that the attack are intentionally used to disrupting a website's availability and causing damage to computer systems or networks. which is a cyber offense.

turn 3 : This is implying that the speaker is asking for advice or suggestions on how to protect oneself from such attacks in the future, rather than just a quick summary of the issue.

turn 3 :  implies that you should be mindful of the information you hear and stay informed.

turn 3 : It does not make logical sense to attack people are trying to help get a dieses from spreading.


But Alaphilippe seems to be digging deeper every day. He's a former soldier. And he's extremely tough, really affable, straight-talking. The things he's done - they've set on fire the passions of the people, really. He's just sort of gone on a rampage - these break-for-the-border dashes for the finishing line. And he's succeeded three or four times, and everybody's talking about him.

And then there is another Frenchman who is one of the favorites to win the race. Tell us about him.

That's right - Thibaut Pinot, very different, a very emotional man. And he fell into a trap a few days ago and lost a bit of time. But he's still in with a very big shot. So he's vowed to fight back on Saturday and may well get back into a position. Thibaut Pinot is about 28, 29 years old. He hasn't raced here for a while. He'd been racing in Italy. He really is a very, very popular man. And if he does win the Tour de France, he will be the most popular man in France.

Now, as we've said, the race is just past its halfway point, and a Frenchman has not won the Tour de France in 34 years. So what's the attitude and sentiment like among people in these small French towns where the cyclists are whizzing past?

turn 1 : The person thinks that the fact they can not win is beginning to be believed by people.

turn 1 : He would be fulfilling a government role and Trump makes it look like he does all of the work.

turn 1 : The opponent is a strong and worthy adversary.

turn 1 : The people have seen what he is capable of and believe he posses the skills and abilities to win.

turn 1 : He gives him the content to use against him. He has negative information that can hurt him.


turn 2 : The people in France are actively watching the race and will be discussing the winner.

turn 2 : They are trying to ask what happen in Europe

turn 2 : taking race off the table implies that people would not consider race in the election

turn 2 : A forgot to include France in something but is apologizing for the oversight.

turn 2 : Race is a deep-seated issue in society that cannot be easily solved


So what you're hearing is a measurement that we make on our new mission. We just launched the Radiation Storm Belt Probes back in the very end of August. And we make measurements of the radio waves, and it turns out that these radio waves are in the same frequency range as human hearing. So we can take our measurement. We just turned into a WAV file or an MP3 file, and then you can listen to it.

Wow. And you have some other sounds as well, right?I think we have one ready to go.

What's that one?

That's a very classic sound for people in our field. That's something called a whistler, and it's been known for a very, very long time. And it comes about when a lightning strike occurs on the surface of the Earth. And that sends out a whole broad range of various radio waves, and they go up. And some of them can make it out through the Earth's ionosphere, which tends to reflect a lot of it. And as they move along out into space, it turns out the higher frequencies, the treble pitches, move faster than the slower, basier(ph) pitches. And so when they get to our satellite and measure them, what you hear first is that high pitch, and then it sweeps downward to lower and lower and lower frequency.

turn 0 : The sound is not from a cell phone but from a radio signal picked up by NASAs probes.

turn 0 : The speaker feels the need to perform music to feel complete.

turn 0 : The radio waves can be heard by humans.

turn 0 : The listeners might be motivated to offer help.

turn 0 : (1) "Right." This turn does not convey any literal meaning, but it serves as a signal that the listener is following the speaker's train of thought and agrees with what has been said. It is a type of backchanneling, which is a signal that the listener is actively listening and engaged in the conversation.


So you're doing a lot of logistics as well. As I understand it, Deming has declared a state of emergency. What does that do for you?What does that get you, if anything?

Well, the city - and remember I'm the county, that's the city.

Mmm hmm.

They did make an emergency declaration. That was just to free up some funding. And that was, you know, on the governor's word that we would be reimbursed in whole. And it was essentially just so we could spend money to help support these people until they're on to their next destination.

turn 3 :  Making the declaration can have serious implications, and the panel will consider it.

turn 3 : The authorities are trying to stop the panic and the meeting is a test to see if they can do more than just plan for the long term.

turn 3 : The emergency declaration was made just to access funding.

turn 3 : The president will propose something new later today


Well, I believe it ran in Automotive News. I'm not sure where else it ran. And I think what the company is trying to do is adopt a tone of, you know, humility and modesty and say, look, we know we've messed up in the past and that sort of thing. It's always a risky kind of thing to do. On the other hand, you know, they might get points from the public or from the politicians for honesty.

I mean, there's two issues here. One is how they're asking for what they're seeking. So I think some sort of attitude of humility here I think is appropriate. But the other issue, and probably the more important issue, is just what they're asking for. So I think, frankly, to ask for an open-ended blank check under some sort of a nebulous oversight board, even if they're asking in a humble tone, it doesn't really get the job done.

The danger here is that this is going to become a never-ending, you know, government-subsidized machine, if you will. The other danger is that conditions will be imposed will be sort of phony symbolic gestures, such as limits on executive pay, which in and of themselves are not going to do anything to revive Detroit.

Paul Ingrassia writes about the automotive industry for the Wall Street Journal. Thank you.

turn 1 :  (2) implies that people are facing a lot of bureaucracy and paperwork,

turn 1 : government-subsidized machine implies a reason or mean through which actions take place

turn 1 : B implies that coming forward and giving information to the government was risky or dangerous

turn 1 : The government could acquire loans and make changes more easily.

turn 1 : The people should obey their leaders or lose their jobs.