(Laughter).

David Hockney is obviously not myself. But it's the same process of writing. I'm trying to understand from the inside. I am not interested in the factual truth. My book is very factual. I read everything. It's as accurate as it can be. I cannot invent. He's alive. The man is alive. He's 81. I cannot invent his life. But what interested me is really the emotional truth. How could he be a figurative artist at a time when everybody was abstract?Try to imagine this young David Hockney arriving from his provincial town in London at the age of 22 and discovering that figurative painting, which is what he's doing, is not done.

He has a friend at the school who says, oh, you cannot paint like Monet after Pollock. And David Hockney hears this and thinks, oh, my God, if I continue painting the way I was painting, I'm done for. I will never be well-known. So it is complicated. And I tried to place myself in his mind. He tried to become an abstract painter. But he was very depressed. And his friend, at some point, told him, you know, stop thinking about being a contemporary artist. It doesn't matter. You are contemporary. You live in your time. Just paint what matters to you.

You - I mean, it's extraordinary that you didn't know David Hockney before you started looking into this only a few years ago. And now that you've done so much research into his life, what is the thing that is more resonant to you?

turn 2 : "It makes you consider your own brain, I suppose." - This turn is a figurative expression that means the speaker is reflecting on their own life and experiences in comparison to the circumstances of the individuals whose brains were taken.

turn 2 : In both of these turns, the implied meaning goes beyond the literal words used. The speaker is not simply asking about the reasons behind the human need to look at themselves or stating that it is innate and related to genetics. The implied meaning suggests a deeper exploration of human psychology and the significance of self-reflection as a part of our daily

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be hinting at a deeper meaning or intention behind their words or actions, which requires further investigation or understanding to fully grasp.

turn 2 : trying to place myself in his mind implies a persons way of thinking and/or their point of view


I'm well. I'm going to read a bit from the editorial. You're answering attacks on Maryland Representative Elijah Cummings and on his district, which includes Baltimore. And you wrote, (reading) it's not hard to see what's going on here. The congressman has been a thorn in this president's side, and Mr.  Trump sees attacking African American members of Congress as good politics, as it both warms the cockles of the white supremacists who love him and causes so many of the thoughtful people who don't to scream.

So it seems that you think this is all very much premeditated, and it's not just, as some have said, the president responding to Fox News.

Yes. Well, I think it clearly is - both things are going on at the same time. I think Fox News gives him the ammunition he needed, and he gave it probably about, you know, two seconds of thought to find an opportunity to slam Representative Cummings who, of course, has been critical of his border policy, and so he took it. And so 750,000 people woke up in the 7th District yesterday being told that they were the worst place in the country by the president of the United States.

When you first read those tweets, what was your thought?

turn 1 : He made a promise that was stressed by him and gave people the impression he would do it regardless of what happens.

turn 1 : He does not have many ways to solve the problems as of yet.

turn 1 : He gives him the content to use against him. He has negative information that can hurt him.

turn 1 : The people have seen what he is capable of and believe he posses the skills and abilities to win.

turn 1 : He did not just get carried away but he exaggerated his claims.


turn 3 :  (4) And that's where, in the age of social media, they may actually matter more because people are talking about this wipeout

turn 3 :  the post became popular because people started sharing and reposting it on social media and blogs.

turn 3 : The video blog post was racist and offensive.

turn 3 : When you read the social media post, what did you think?

turn 3 : (4) implies that the conversation has changed from discussing the recipe to talking about the social media campaign for relief following the earthquake.


Exactly.

OK.  Go on. So after two weeks, what happens?

Well, she defies the ban. And as she was docking in the port, the ship rammed a small police boat that was blocking her - caused some damage, but no injuries. But she was arrested, and she was charged with what prosecutors actually claim was an act of war. Rackete also faces charge of abetting illegal immigration, and the NGO could face a fine of up to $57,000.

What does she say - the captain?Does she say, I was just - I needed to dock the ship?

turn 1 : Although the literal meaning of this turn is simply an acknowledgement or agreement, the implied meaning behind it is that the speaker may not be fully engaged or interested in the conversation. It could be interpreted as a way of signaling disinterest or a desire to move on to a different topic.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be subtly implying that they are not interested in continuing a conversation or that they would prefer to end the discussion.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be conveying a hidden message or agenda that requires further exploration or analysis to fully understand.

turn 1 : "Go on" implies to proceed talking, to elaborate on the topic being spoken of

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker is trying to indirectly communicate a message or request to the listener.


Exactly.

turn 2 : It is being implied that it will be difficult to proceed to court.

turn 2 : Pleases the court could mean "good enough for the court" or something like that.

turn 2 : The bailout could have potential negative consequences for the average taxpayer

turn 2 : The amount set aside for wages is insufficient.

turn 2 : "could face" a fine of up to $57,000 implies could be presented with a fine of up to $57,000


Everyone has to be themself. In West Virginia, you can't just transform yourself. You can't be something you're not. You know, West Virginia, we'll shake your hand, look in your eye. We'll see your soul. We know if you're fooling us or not. Forget about having a D or an R by your name. They're thinking, oh, now, just because you're Republican, you're going to win. People in West Virginia still vote for the person. So they still know I'm still Joe. I've been Joe from day one. I was born Joe. And I'll die Joe.

One of the things that we've seen, specifically in red states where Democrats have done well, is that they haven't spoken about the president. They've distance themselves from discussing President Trump. I mean, your state is a state that Trump won by more than 65 percent. I mean, will you be discussing the president?

Let me say this - in 2012, Mitt Romney beat Barack Obama by 35 percentage points in West Virginia. I won by over 20 percent. That's a 55, 60-percent swing. So, people in West Virginia will pick the person.

So no discussing the president?

turn 0 : You do not actually enter the person's heart or mind, it means that you start to understand their perspective

turn 0 : They see a person's personality and the deepest part of their character.

turn 0 : The person is thinking of a particular person but they are not going to say who.

turn 0 : to take on a role in this context means to act like a character.

turn 0 : The implied meaning is that the more A learns about the people they are close to, the more they appreciate them and form a stronger bond.


So over the years, we've had competitions on piano, bass, drums, trumpet, saxophone, hand drums, vocals and have launched a number of careers. Marcus Roberts won our very first competition and Joshua Redman won the competition on sax in 1991. And there are many others from Jackie Terrason to Jay Manhide(ph) and others. And so, this year is the saxophone. We have a great panel of judges - the great Wayne Shorter, Jimmy Heath, Jane Ira Bloom, David Sanchez and Greg Osby are all coming out to judge this group of students.

They will be of young people. They must be under the age of 30, and they've been guaranteed a recording contract by the Concord Music Group. So the first place winner walks away with a recording contract along with a $20,000 scholarship. The second place has a $10,000 scholarship, and the third is five.

All right, I actually want to talk about someone. You've talked about a bunch of people who have been involved with this competition. But one of them is Lionel Loueke, a guitarist from Benin. And he thought that you were Herbie Hancock after he had auditioned for the Monk Institute. He's gone on to record a debut album for Blue Note, and let's listen to a little bit of him playing live in the NPR Studios in New York.

So, what do you hear when you hear his music?

turn 1 : The person thinks that the fact they can not win is beginning to be believed by people.

turn 1 : He is implying that the first place winner will get the prize.

turn 1 : you've got the whole thing likely means that they have everything needed to succeed.

turn 1 : It's not betting but making sure that his chance has a better chance of succeeding.

turn 1 : The people have seen what he is capable of and believe he posses the skills and abilities to win.


Hello, Ira, nice to talk to you.

Why do they call you the Indiana Jones of. . .

Well because I've gone out around the world, you know, doing different archaeological investigations, which have turned up some pretty unusual fermented beverages (unintelligible).

Like what?

turn 2 : The turn whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning is turn (3).  In turn (3), the speaker says "food just doesn't seem to taste right on an airplane." The literal meaning of this statement is that the food does not taste good when eaten on an airplane.

turn 2 : this entire line is more joking, unusual fermented beverages just means they went around the world and found different alcoholic beverages depending on the country and culture.

turn 2 : (5) Refers to asking if the new food is good or too strong in terms of alcoholic content.

turn 2 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer


When I get into the personal material, I'm really thinking about what it means to transition from states of longing to states of having and dwelling and inhabiting. I'm really trying to examine, OK, what is it like to have things, to have relationships, to have people close by, and how is that state of having introduce a whole different set of complexities than states of longing?

There's also a tension that you draw out within yourself. You tell the story of your pregnancy, while at the same time telling the story of how you were diagnosed with an eating disorder in college. And I wonder if you could read just a bit of that section.

Yeah.

(Reading) Pregnancy wasn't a liberation from prior selves so much as a container holding every prior version of myself at once. I didn't get to shed my ghosts so fully. It was easy to call my doctor absurd when she'd chided me for gaining 5 pounds in a month rather than 4 and harder to admit that I'd honestly felt shamed by her in that moment. It was harder to admit the part of me that felt a secret thrill every time a doctor registered concern that I was, quote, "measuring small. "This pride was something I'd wanted desperately to leave behind. I worried that it was impeding your growth, which was really just the distillation of a deeper fear - that I would infect you with my own broken relationship to my body, that you would catch it like a dark inheritance.

turn 1 : a tension you draw out within yourself means that the writer likes to use tension really effectively in writing.

turn 1 : "Well, a tough story to report." - This turn is a figurative expression that means the story is emotionally difficult to report, rather than physically difficult.

turn 1 : The writer means that they are flexible and can move easily.

turn 1 : Shakes out implies how things come out in the end

turn 1 : implies to ask for advice from the writer on how to craft humor in writing.


So how would it come to be that the FAA would tell Boeing, in effect, inspect yourself?

Well, people may be surprised to hear it, but, in fact, that's the norm. For years now, the FAA, with lack of funding and resources, has delegated increasing amounts of this work to industry. And when it comes to certifying new airplanes, that means to Boeing. The FAA, of course, is supposed to have final sign-off on everything. But I talked to one engineer who was involved in the certification of the MAX - told me that there wasn't complete and proper review of the documents. Review was rushed to reach certain certification dates.

And the document that you were looking at - does it show that engineers had real safety concerns a long time ago about this specific system?

No, that document doesn't express their - it's the analysis that went into certification. The feedback I got from safety engineers was that they weren't happy with certain aspects of that analysis that was - that, in the end, was signed off. For example, it allowed that the system would be triggered by a single sensor on the side of the fuselage called the angle of attack sensor. That was faulty on the Lion airplane, and it triggered the whole system. And that's, we believe, what caused the Lion Air crash.

turn 0 : This statement implies that FAA could not expect Boeing to essentially self-inspect their own aircraft.

turn 0 : The pilot could have intentionally crashed the plane.

turn 0 : This statement implies that the advanced drones are being more appreciated unlike aircrafts.

turn 0 : It implies the inspection of all necessary equipment that was used for the voyage to Mars.

turn 0 : They want to know if the seriousness of the situation makes the government appear to be bad to the public.


Yeah, just a little.

(Laughter).

Did the Roy Moore allegations come far enough before the election to swing the vote?Or are people just not telling pollsters the truth because it's a loaded subject?

Well, I think that Roy Moore was already pretty unpopular with a certain part of the Republican electorate in Alabama. So he has solid support among people who have known him for years and like what he's doing. But if you're a Republican who voted for Luther Strange, who was his primary opponent, you might be making the choice of, do I sit at home, or do I go out and vote for Doug Jones?

And I think what'll really, you know, end up swinging the election are these Republican voters who really just find what Moore did a bridge too far. They already didn't like him. And now this is just beyond the pale for them. So I do think, you know, in the polling average, it's not great for for Roy Moore at all. So we might definitely see a change. And I think Alabama being rated a toss-up is kind of a crazy thing to see. . .

turn 2 : B implies that the voting wasn't going to happen right there at the moment and won't probably be fair if it was.

turn 2 : This implies that the Voters who had two options of sitting at home during the election or they vote for Luther who is considered to be a clown than to vote for the unpopular Roy Moore.

turn 2 : : The implied meaning of this turn is that Representative Sewell should explain how she encouraged African-American voters to come out and vote for Doug Jones.

turn 2 :  This turn actually means that people should not expect to "love" Donald Trump as the Republican nominee, but should come together as a party to face the challenges that lie ahead.


There isn't. And I think the interesting thing about this government is they have cut the Argentine military budget so severely in the last few years that even if Argentina wanted to invade the Falklands, they would be incapable of doing so. So that's one good thing.

So what does this campaign amount to then besides words?

Well, they're trying to put economic pressure on Britain. And I think actually the British are a little bit worried about it. They are stopping cruise ships that come from the Falklands, not allowing them to dock in Argentina. They are pressuring the Chileans to cut off the one air link between Chile and the Falkland Islands. They are calling on Argentine manufacturers to cut down on the import of British goods. And I think the worry is that they will make this into a regional campaign, that they will try and persuade the Brazilians, the Peruvians and others to start putting economic pressure on Britain as well.

And the rallying cry of anti-colonialism has a lot of residents in South America.

turn 0 : None . There's nothing in this that implies anything.

turn 0 : None , I do not believe there is any here


turn 3 : Turn (3) contains idiomatic expressions with non-literal meanings:  "Southern appeal" refers to the ability of a political candidate to win support in the South, rather than a literal physical attraction to the region. "Crack the South" means to win electoral votes in Southern states, rather than physically breaking the region.

turn 3 : The speaker is implying that their protests might elevate beyond peaceful methods if they don't get what they think they deserve.

turn 3 : The literal meaning of this turn is that the tribal aspect of this conflict has triggered the most horrific aspects of this war. The implied meaning is that the tribal divisions are at the root of the war and are responsible for the extreme violence.

turn 3 : The implied meaning of this turn is that there is strong support for anti-colonialism in South America. The literal meaning of the words "rallying cry" is a call to action, usually in a military or political context, but in this context, it is used metaphorically to describe the support for anti-colonialism.


This is WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. I'm Scott Simon. Spies try to protect America from its enemies, but does that mean spying on friends too?The steady drip of intelligence leaks from former NSA contractor Edward Snowden continues with the revelations that the National Security Agency tapped the mobile phone of German Chancellor Angela Merkel. The Guardian newspaper broke the story this week and also reported that the U. S.  spy agency intercepted 70 million phone calls and text messages in France. Now, the response from Germany and France has been swift, and as you might imagine, sharp. Laurent Fabius, the French foreign minister, called the spying shocking and unacceptable. He told Le Monde: We cooperate in the useful way in the fight against terrorism but that does not justify everything. P. J. Crowley is a former U. S.  assistant secretary of state for public affairs. He joins us in our studios. Thanks so much for being with us.

P. J. CROWLEY: Pleasure to be here, Scott.

There's scambling(ph) going on here, yes. I mean, Europeans have a different view of privacy than Americans do. So, I think there is a difference of attitude or perspective on this. That said, I don't think it should shock anyone that governments spy on each other.

Well, but these are allies.

turn 2 : "they were shocked, stunned" implies they were surprised in a negative way.

turn 2 : Stunned and shocked means that they were surprised greatly by the information.

turn 2 : The turn whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning is (3) where the interviewer asks the French Ambassador how frustrating the last few months were for him.

turn 2 : "Are Germany and France shocked, shocked like in Casablanca, or are they truly surprised?" - The speaker is not asking if Germany and France are literally experiencing the same shock as the characters in the movie Casablanca. Instead, the speaker is using a rhetorical device to question the genuineness of their shock or surprise.


Well, but these are allies.

turn 3 :  "There's scrambling going on here" - The speaker is not referring to actual physical scrambling. Instead, the speaker is using a figurative language to describe the reaction of the European countries to the news.

turn 3 : They are trying to ask what happen in Europe

turn 3 : In turn (4), the literal meaning is that North Korea's nuclear capabilities are something to be reckoned with and the speaker is asking why we shouldn't be concerned about this one move. However, the actual meaning is that the speaker is asking for an explanation as to why the reassembling of the site should not be a cause for concern, despite the fact that North Korea's nuclear capabilities are usually considered a threat.

turn 3 : The actual meaning of the third turn is that the speaker is implying that the current administration is trying to prevent important information from being released, and this is why they are pushing people to contact them with information.


Yeah. This is, again, completely innovative. You know, part of the problem that we have with tall buildings is building them all out of glass and then having to go to gymnastics to kind of cover them up on the outside, and we see that in America. But in intense solar environments like the desert, it makes even less sense.

This is an innovative way to control this. It actually, to my knowledge, for the first time creates this skin on the outside made up of, you know, hundreds of modules, which can open and close by computer control, depending on the angle of incident sun. So if the sun's on the other side of the building, the modules open up and allow natural daylight into the space. And if the sun is incident on the building, then those modules close up and block the sun from entering.

Is what makes a tall building great the ability to actually look like it fits in with the rest of the buildings in the neighborhood or the culture of the people?

I believe so. That's - you know, as a professor, that's the thing that I advocate. I believe that a Chinese tall building or a, you know, an American tall building or a Middle Eastern tall building should be different to each other in the same way that, you know, religious and other architecture is clearly identifiable.

turn 0 : "having to go to gymnastics" - This is a figurative expression that means going through great effort or difficulty to accomplish something, rather than literally going to a gymnastics class.

turn 0 : to wrestle in this context means an event happened that is hard to get through

turn 0 : to carry something out means to do something

turn 0 : when something is referred to as a hurdle in this context it means its something that stands in the way of getting something done

turn 0 : People want to work hard for things.


turn 1 : "creates this skin on the outside" - This is a metaphorical expression that refers to the outer facade or surface of the building, rather than a literal skin.

turn 1 : as it is the only turn with an implied meaning different from its literal meaning.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using metaphors or analogies to convey a complex idea or emotion in a more relatable or understandable way.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using a metaphor or analogy to explain or describe something, often to make a complex idea easier to understand or to create a vivid image in the listener's mind.

turn 1 : The turn in (2) is a figurative expression and its actual meaning is different from its literal meaning.


turn 2 : "fits in with the rest of the buildings" - This is a figurative expression that means to be harmonious with the surrounding architecture or cultural context, rather than literally fitting in like a puzzle piece.

turn 2 : "You can almost pick it up and put it in any city around the world and it would become synonymous with that city." - This turn means that tall buildings are often designed in a similar way regardless of their location, and therefore lack a unique connection to the specific environment or culture of a place.

turn 2 : when something is front and center in this context it means its out in the open, or some type of problem everyone notices

turn 2 : Literally, the turn means that the Absolute Towers are unique because they are curvy and organic, and also serve a purpose. However, the implied meaning is that most tall buildings are not designed with both aesthetics and functionality in mind, whereas the Absolute Towers manage to achieve both.


turn 3 :  The turn contains multiple layers of meaning, including both explicit and implicit information, and its true significance can only be fully understood through careful analysis of its context and subtext.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker thinks that there is a level of ambiguity or hidden message in the turn that may not be immediately apparent, but which can be inferred or interpreted through context or other clues.

turn 3 : "clearly identifiable" - This is a figurative expression that means easily recognizable or distinctive, rather than literally being able to be identified with clarity.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is hinting at a deeper or hidden motive or intention behind their actions or words.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using a euphemism or understatement to convey a more significant or sensitive message.


So is this new policy on Iran loud huffing and puffing or a strong and proportionate response?Well, for one view on it, we are joined by Suzanne Maloney. She was an adviser to the State Department on Iran issues during the George W.  Bush administration, and she is now with the Brookings Institution. Welcome.

Thank you.

So we heard the president say that these sanctions are going to deny access to key financial resources from the senior leaders of Iran. Do you have a sense of what exactly the sanctions are going to do?

I think that may be a bit of an overstatement about denying key economic resources to the Islamic Republic of Iran. Iran is already heavily sanctioned. In fact, many of the organizations and institutions that are associated with the Office of the Supreme Leader that were highlighted in today's announcement have already been subject to American sanctions.

turn 3 :  Implies that the new sanctions are going to make life very difficult for the individuals named, and that there may be more sanctions in the future.

turn 3 : This statement implies that A believes that the sanctions would have been better it were multilateral sanctions and not unilateral.

turn 3 : Implies that the sanctions put in place by the UN Security Council and the US government are more of the same and not necessarily new or different in any meaningful way.

turn 3 : It is not yet known how the sanctions will be received

turn 3 : The sanctions may not be as effective as the president suggests.


Well, I got to, or. . .

Or I'm doomed. I do think it is a good time for independent artists, period. And I feel like soul music in this country really has told the story of black Americans in this country, and right now the field is kind of narrow. So, from city to city, you go and you listen to the radio, and you try to find soul music on the radio, you're either listening to hip-hop, or you're listening to oldies and dusties and R&B.

So, there's a whole big huge chasm which some of us live in part of the time at least, where where's this music?Where is the new soul music?Where are the people that are writing the classics that are going to be around in 20 years, and 30 years, and 40 years?

Well, in addition to your own songs, you have sung other folks' work. And in 2004, you sang on a tribute album for Luther Vandross. Here's a little bit of "Forever, For Always, For Love. "

turn 1 : Having it to compared music as poetry and music has the heartstrings of everyone listening to the melodies of the instrument and words.

turn 1 : Why do you think people relate to music as a way of understanding and humanizing other people? What is it about music that's so special?"

turn 1 : The music in the beginning sounded like rap to me, which is a form of music that has a strong focus on rhythm and poetic lyrics.

turn 1 : Soul music is not as prevalent or appreciated as it should be


Well, I got to, or. . .

turn 1 : Asking about musical influences, not comparing the album to other artists

turn 1 : The music played in clubs and on the radio has changed significantly over time

turn 1 : Soul music by independent artists is scarce and difficult to find on the radio.

turn 1 : LOVE FOR MUSIC AND RADIO HELPS MORE TO HEAR MUSIC LIKE COUNTRYSIDE MUSIC


Well, I got to, or. . .

turn 2 : Having it to compared music as poetry and music has the heartstrings of everyone listening to the melodies of the instrument and words.

turn 2 :  "an explosion of soul" - The literal meaning of this turn is that there was a sudden and powerful growth of soul music. The figurative meaning is that Stax Records played a major role in popularizing soul music and creating a cultural movement around it.

turn 2 : Despite the relatively short period since its launch, iTunes has sold a lot of songs.

turn 2 : Despite tough times, art will survive and music helps people cope.

turn 2 : There is a lack of new soul music that can become classics in the future.


Dr.  Jason Karlawish is a professor of medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. He says the most significant breakthrough in Alzheimer's research is that doctors no longer have to wait until after a patient has died to diagnose the disease.

DR.  JASON KARLAWISH: We are beginning to be able to see the disease during life. Imaging techniques are allowing us to see things like amyloid buildup in the brain using PET scan imaging. We can also see it on MRI scanning and spinal fluid analysis. These are still emerging concepts but the notion that it can, quote, "only be diagnosed with an autopsy" is, I think, a fading notion.

What are the treatment options that are available at this moment?

Pharmacologic treatments are certain available. They're modest in their affects in modifying the clinical symptoms of the disease for relatively short periods of time. But there are other treatments, though, that are effective. Psychological and educational and behavioral interventions have clearly been shown to reduce the burden of disease on patients as well as families.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker's choice of language or communication style may reflect their level of education, social status, or personal values, and may carry additional implications or associations beyond the literal meaning of their words.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be expressing a hidden emotion or attitude, such as resentment or envy, that is not directly stated in their words, but is conveyed through their tone, facial expressions, or choice of language.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker's tone or body language suggests that they may be withholding information or not fully expressing their thoughts and feelings on the topic at hand.

turn 3 : Implied Meaning: Based on the speaker's tone and choice of words, there may be an underlying message or intention behind this turn that suggests they have a particular opinion or feeling about the subject being discussed. However, the meaning is not entirely clear and may be open to interpretation, leading to some level of uncertainty about whether everyone will agree on its implied meaning.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The way people communicate can reveal their values, beliefs, and attitudes, and understanding these can help build stronger relationships and resolve conflicts.


That we've got to put this behind us. If we keep worrying about all that happened and all the things that have been unfair - the whole thing is unfair. We're going to have to move past it and look forward with hope so that we can move on with our lives.

Loren Lighthall is the principal of Paradise High School.

Thank you very much, and we wish you so much luck in your next chapter.

Thank you.

turn 1 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer

turn 1 : as it is the only turn with an implied meaning different from its literal meaning.


Well, it's very important when dealing with Iran understanding that they're not an ally of the United States. They are an adversary. They're - one, that they're a nation that is the world's largest state sponsor of terror. We often talk about the nuclear activity of Iran over the course last several years - but other activities where they've developed ICBMs in violation of international treaties and Security Council resolutions where they have worked to help the Houthis overthrow a foreign government in Yemen trying to build a land bridge across the Middle East to the West. They call Israel the little Satan and America the great Satan. And the list goes on.

So in dealing with Iran and understanding that they're an adversary, we also have to approach them knowing that they don't respect weakness. They only respect strength. And we're talking about the Iranian regime. . .

OK.

. . . Because Iran's filled with millions of very - you know, good people who want a free, stable, prosperous, democratic country for themselves. They've wanted it for a long time. So the administration's approach is with eyes wide open understanding this adversarial threat. And with regards to the leverage that brought the Iranians to the table in the first place, the problem with the JCPOA included - well, several things. One was sunset provisions, issues with the verification regime. So, you know, but I'd love to see which way you want to go from there because. . .

turn 0 : The U.S. blames Iran for the explosions, but Iran denies involvement and considers it part of a campaign against them.

turn 0 : Iran has a system of government that does not tell anyone what is going on.

turn 0 : The situation with the US and Iran is concerning for Europeans

turn 0 : Israel the little Satan and America the great Satan implies that the two countries do acts that Iran greatly disapproves of.

turn 0 : The situation between Iran and the US may lead to a military conflict, which nobody wants.


That is amazing. And I want to ask about another thing here, as well, and that has to do with homeownership, which I know you have focused on. The percentage of people who own their own homes is on the way down.

That's right. The share of Americans who own their own homes, which soared during the housing boom of the 2000s, is now lower than it was back in 1995. It's turned up a little bit lately, but it's - the decline is particularly pronounced among young people - among people under age 40. In fact, when you look across the expansion, the scars of the Great Recession are most evident in people who are really the younger generations.

You know, when you talk about the difference between winners and losers, you can see it here. Home prices have gone up, which means if I already own a home, I'm in great shape and feel wealthy. But if I haven't bought in yet, I'm going to have trouble getting in.

That's absolutely true.

turn 1 : Decline in homeownership is affecting young people the most.

turn 1 : The housing market bubble will burst and we hope for a gradual decline.

turn 1 : The housing bill implies mortgage rate shouldn't emburden anyone.

turn 1 : In turn (1), when the speaker says, "Was impelled by government programs that said to people, every American should be in a home," the literal meaning is that government programs encouraged homeownership. However, the implied meaning is that these programs were promoting homeownership to an extent that was beyond what was sustainable or responsible, which ultimately led to a housing bubble and the 2008 financial crisis. The turn implies that the government's encouragement of homeownership was misguided and had negative consequences, which is a departure from the literal meaning of the words used in the turn.

turn 1 : There is a shift in consumer behavior towards cheaper options, benefiting certain businesses.


Earlier this week, viewers of the CBS drama "The Good Fight" were greeted by an 8 1/2-second-long image. It read, CBS has censored this content. Content was a piece of animation, along with a song, that took critical aim at Chinese censorship, often of American products, and the importance of a Chinese market to U. S.  businesses, sometimes at the expense of U. S.  values.

The animator who brought that bit to life is Steve Angel. He joins us now from Toronto. Mr.  Angel, thanks so much for being with us.

My pleasure. Happy to talk to you.

And I should disclose I'm a special contributor to "CBS Sunday Morning," a production of CBS News. Since we can't see that scene for ourselves, could you describe it to us?

turn 1 : The animation bit wasn't literally brought to life; it just means that the man created the animation.

turn 1 : Literally, this turn is a short response to A's previous statement about the time-lapse videos of human development. However, the implied meaning is that B understands and acknowledges A's previous statement about the videos featuring embryos, and is simply reiterating that fact.

turn 1 : (3) is a sign of amusement, indicating the speaker was laughing at the metaphor.

turn 1 : He was having a hard time thinking of an idea and then saw something.


Not a bad thing. Oh, yes. But my favorite apple that's in the book - that's mentioned in the book - is called the Pitmaston Pineapple. And it tastes of nuts and honey, but it also has a kind of pineapple finish - faint taste of pineapple at the end. And - but I love them so much that I have planted my own Pitmaston Pineapple tree. And in a couple years, I'm really hoping it bears fruit.

Tracy Chevalier's new novel is "At The Edge Of The Orchard. "

Tracy Chevalier, it's good to talk to you. Thanks so much.

Thank you.

turn 1 : going to be fruitful implies that it will be successful, the goals achieved and not referring to fruits from the trees

turn 1 : The story is emotional and difficult to hear.

turn 1 : The narrator has a strong appreciation for the Pitmaston Pineapple, as they have made the effort to plant their own tree to experience the taste of it.

turn 1 : It is not that is something to be tasted. It is something people don't like to hear about.

turn 1 : "it's quite clear that it is a cherry-picked narrative.But reading it makes you wonder if that's an insult to cherries." Implicated meaning: The speaker thinks that the narrative is biased and selectively chosen. They express their criticism in a humorous way, by questioning if even cherries would be offended by being associated with the narrative.


The report we got yesterday on jobs was not the greatest, but it wasn't bad. Unemployment rate still at 3. 7%; that's historically low. The numbers were a little soft. We also heard the Federal Reserve Board chairman say he doesn't foresee a recession right away. And yet, the markets closed mixed, and the sentiment is still that the overhanging shadow of the trade war is the main issue on the mind of the markets and of businesses looking forward.

And finally, the president's self-inflicted controversy over whether he was told Alabama was threatened by a hurricane - and he used his own Sharpie to alter a map - seems to be lasting longer than the storm.

Oh, I wish it would. This began as a simple mistake, with the president warning and frightening people who were not in danger. So it was corrected right away by the weather service and could have been forgotten by now. Instead, the president has insisted on reviving it and doing so daily.

The latest is a statement from the parent agency of the National Weather Service saying the forecasters in Alabama were wrong to reassure the people of that state and correct the president last weekend. Weather forecasters in and out of government, in and out of Alabama, all rallying to the defense of the weather service forecasters there. All the data and the videotape confirm that. The parent agency in the White House have not responded to questions about this latest twist in the ongoing saga.

turn 0 : The weak jobs numbers highlight the dangers of more trade war.

turn 0 : The dominance of the dollar gives the US considerable power in international trade.

turn 0 : The countries formed their own blocs due to military and strategic considerations, not just trade.

turn 0 : The numbers are not completely confirmed and memories of the trade war are what people are thinking about.

turn 0 : America thought it could make the world better by force


Oh, this is - this is about the rarest of the rare thing you could see. This is when Venus crosses in front of the sun. We had this happen in June 2004, but we're going to have a repeat here June 5, 2012. And we need to urge everybody to go see this thing because we are not going to live to see the next one. The next time this'll happen will be the year 2117.

Now, it's not quite as dramatic as a solar eclipse or anything like that, it's a little subtle, and may I do my sting impression?Is that OK?

Go ahead.

turn 3 : "Oh, wow." - This turn's actual meaning is different from its literal meaning. In this context, it is used sarcastically to express disbelief or surprise.

turn 3 : (4) is the same as its literal meaning, which is a brief acknowledgement of what was just said.

turn 3 : "going to be bright and in people's faces" - This is a figurative expression that means the light will be very intense and noticeable.

turn 3 :  (4) is an expression of surprise. The implied meaning is an expression of admiration.

turn 3 : A: (Singing) There'll be a little black spot on the sun that day.  The actual meaning of this turn is different from its literal meaning. It is a reference to a song by The Police, and is being used metaphorically to describe the transit of Venus, which will appear as a small black dot moving across the face of the sun.


So I want to try making now the Syrian version of ful.

OK.

OK, I'm going to grab the red beans.

Helou got this recipe from Haj Abdo (ph), a vendor in Aleppo. All he made was ful and always had a crowd. That's how she first noticed the old man. This was years before a war broke out in Syria. She says his shop and the whole neighborhood is gone now. But back then, locals absolutely raved about his cafe. And while his ful is typically Syrian, it uses the sesame paste called tahini. Abdo had a special technique.

turn 3 : A has a new vision for a type of restaurant he would open.

turn 3 : The old man's technique was unique and contributed to the popularity of his cafe.

turn 3 : His work is odd and seen as very different from what people normally do and/or expect.

turn 3 : A was taken advantage of by a manipulative older man in her youth.


OK.

OK, I'm going to grab the red beans.

turn 3 : Despite being a simple and cheap meal, ful is delicious and irresistible

turn 3 : The book contains more than just recipes - it is also a way to gain insight into and appreciate the culture and history of the cuisine.

turn 3 : The speaker is emphasizing the importance of developing a skillful touch when baking, which can only be achieved through consistent practice.

turn 3 : The speaker is saying that the taste of the bagels was not good, but they were an early adopter of technology, which helped make it popular.

turn 3 : Haj Abdo's ful recipe is highly regarded by locals and uses a special technique despite his simple cafe.


I made up my own mind. I figured that at some point it would turn into a mandatory evacuation and I wanted to get ahead of the traffic.

You know, to have gone through this once is bad enough. To be going through it a second time, I can't even imagine what that must have been like. As you were getting closer to having to make the decision to get up and get out, what went through your mind?

I immediately remembered what it was like three years ago, and I think that I was in sort of disbelief. I couldn't believe that I was going through it again. And I - the first thing I thought of was OK, what do I need to take with me that I want to see again?Because I immediately thought of what happened during Katrina and how, you know, it just caught us all off guard, and I just wanted to be prepared.

What did you take?

turn 2 : you don't really know that much about this.

turn 2 : It's best to be receptive to any thought that comes your way.

turn 2 : Having the right connections, personality and know-how is essential for success.

turn 2 : I learned from my past experience and prepared accordingly.

turn 2 : It's not an extremely hard and complicated procedure to perform.


What did you take?

turn 2 : B is referring to the Hurricane Katrina catastrophe in New Orleans and it aftermaths.

turn 2 : The situation is so dangerous that people who refuse to evacuate should identify themselves in case of death.

turn 2 : The decision to stay was based on financial and personal concerns, not just the evacuation order.

turn 2 : A remembered the unpreparedness during Katrina and wanted to pack accordingly

turn 2 : The disaster was so severe that it was impossible to save everyone, and the situation was out of control.


You know, we've had numerous issues here over the past three to four, almost six months because our portion of the river has been closed to barge traffic for far longer than that. Once you get to certain points, river stages - they shut off that barge traffic. And even if the barge traffic were to be able to be taking place, a number of the grain terminals aren't able to load those barges because the water is so high, the infrastructure in place just isn't able to load those barges. So we've been having the hit, I guess, you'd say of that for quite some time, especially when those grain terminals are still full from last fall's harvest.

How much of your supply gets transported on the Mississippi?

Pretty much a hundred percent of our corn and soybean production goes to those river terminals and then, in turn, goes to the export market.

And at the same time that this is happening, you're also looking at a possibly escalating trade war with China. How is that exacerbating what you're going through right now?

turn 1 : A was talking about the problems of his business but B asked how much of his supplies get transported

turn 1 : B disagrees with the premise of the question but is willing to discuss it further.

turn 1 : A is jokingly referencing the title of B's book

turn 1 : A is not fully agreeing with B's statement

turn 1 : B is asking about A's plans after the storm, assuming that they are in the hospital for a reason.


What we've looked at in Britain is the idea of looking at the model we have for regulating broadcasting where broadcasters hold licenses. There's an independent regulatory body that oversees those licenses. And they get to judge in the round, do they have effective policies in place to make sure that they are producing good quality content?They respond to complaints properly. And if they're found not to be upholding the terms of their license, then the regulator can take action against them.

Mr.  Collins, we need to ask you this week - you are a member of the Conservative Party - how will you vote on Prime Minister May's proposal to leave the EU?

I won't be supporting the prime minister's proposal when we vote on it on Tuesday. In leaving the European Union, the idea's that we would take more control of the direction of the country. And there are some technical aspects of the deal which potentially lock us into a trading (ph) relationship with the rest of Europe that we'd have no right to break and that I think suits the rest of the EU. And so I won't be supporting the deal on Tuesday, and I'd like the prime minister to go back to Europe.

Damian Collins, chairman of the Digital, Culture, Media and Sport Committee of the British House of Commons, thanks so much for being with us.

turn 0 : Being in the media industry is becoming more niche and specialized

turn 0 : "Media looks very bad on this." - The literal meaning is that the media appears to be performing poorly in reporting the news related to the Steven Hatfill case.

turn 0 : Broadcasters need to produce good quality content or face action

turn 0 : News coverage can cause people to pay more attention to things that were happening anyway.

turn 0 : Reporters are in dangerous situations but being cautious


How do you feel about the United States now?

It was my home, and it is my home. And it will be my home because I have nowhere else to go. If I went somewhere else, I wouldnt be alive.

Is there something you'd like the Army and the Department of Defense and everyone to know about you?

I am more patriotic than many Americans. I am ready to lay my life down for this country and for the safety of its people. Im not a bad person, and I have never committed a crime. My life is in danger if the institutions like USCIS and DOD does not help me.

turn 1 : The United States is the only place where A can survive.

turn 1 : There is a dangerous situation happening that requires people to seek shelter and take precautions.

turn 1 : Mexico is facing a very serious and dangerous situation.

turn 1 : The word "most dangerous place on Earth" implies an exaggeration to emphasize the severity of the situation.


turn 1 : The speaker believes that America is currently not living up to its potential and wants a leader who can bring the country back to a place of pride and respect on the world stage.

turn 1 : The United States is the only place where the speaker can survive.

turn 1 : The speaker tried to protect themselves from danger.

turn 1 : Obama wants to be seen as the voice of the people.

turn 1 : The speaker is pointing out the cultural differences between America and their country, where America tends to cover up imperfections while their country embraces them. Implicated meaning: The speaker values authenticity and honesty over superficial appearances.


turn 3 : A needs the help of USCIS and DOD to save their life.

turn 3 : The administration is unsure of how to defend their stance on the citizenship question.

turn 3 : The Trump administration has taken several steps that have made it harder for military members to get citizenship

turn 3 :  (4) Implies an acknowledgement of the dangerous risks taken when crossing the border illegally.

turn 3 : Military members are facing challenges getting citizenship under Trump administration


turn 3 : The speaker tried to protect themselves from danger.

turn 3 :  (4) implies that the speaker is facing a difficult living situation.

turn 3 : The speaker needs the help of the Army and DOD to survive because his life is in danger.

turn 3 : Implicates that the speaker is willing to sacrifice certain moral values for the sake of saving lives.

turn 3 : because the speaker said always good to be here


No. There have not been significant infrastructure improvements since that storm. County voters passed a $2. 5 billion bond a year ago, but these projects take time, and most are still in the design phase. They haven't started construction. And the city of Houston doesn't have a comparable funding source, and so the city and county are both mostly waiting on federal aid for disaster recovery. And that's been extremely slow to arrive.

Help me understand this a little bit better here. Is there a political consensus in the area about what needs to be done?Does that exist?

Probably mostly yes to that. I think people agree that we need to do more projects, dig more detention basins, accelerate widening and deepening of the bayous, the streams and rivers that run through the area. I think most people are generally on the same page about that. It's just a question of money. But you've got to remember that our infrastructure, even at current standards, is only designed to accommodate maybe one or two inches of rain per hour, and the county got four, five, six inches of rain in one hour. And some areas got 30 inches in little more than a day, when our region usually - the city usually gets 50 inches of rain in a year. No infrastructure system is going to be able to handle that kind of storm without flooding.

Maybe people aren't ready for this conversation yet. Are people marrying the bigger conversation about climate change with the local conversation about infrastructure?Are people ready to talk about that?

turn 3 : Let's focus on the areas of agreement before discussing divisive issues.

turn 3 : Marrying two topic implies that people are grouping them together even if they are different.

turn 3 : A is reflecting on the nature of relationships between people close to each other.

turn 3 : The person wants to know what can be done to find a common thing the two political parties can agree on.

turn 3 : 'he risks a kind of split within his party' means there is a possibility of division within the party, not literally splitting into two parts.


OK.  And do we know what happens next?I mean, what are authorities looking at next?What do they say they are doing in response to this?

Well, right now, they are - this incident is under investigation right now. The FBI is calling this murder investigation. The police chief is saying they are looking at capital murder charges for the suspect.

That is Reporter Monica Ortiz Uribe in El Paso, Texas, where she's been reporting on the events there all day. Monica, thank you so much for talking with us.

You're welcome.

turn 0 : to look for something in this context means they are trying to see if something will happen

turn 0 : looking at next in this context means the authorities are trying to figure out what will happen next

turn 0 : to approach someone with something in this context means you are showing them something

turn 0 : has a literal meaning of "Yes, the numbers aren't looking good for the person," but its actual meaning is "It looks like the person isn't likely to succeed."

turn 0 : to move in direction in this context means to change something


Oh, lovely to be here, Neal.

And everybody knows Frederick Douglass met with Abraham Lincoln at the White House, what, 35, 40 years earlier. What's the big deal about Booker T.  Washington coming to dinner?

Well, what happened was African-Americans were invited to meet in offices. They built the White House. They worked for the various presidents. But they were never ever invited to sit down at the president's table. And when that happened, the outrage was just unbelievable.

And you write that the outrage was not - it was about crossing that social line. Yes, you can talk to African-Americans, you can have relations with them, business dealings, all kinds of relationships but not sit down at dinner, not have a social relationship.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker might be implying a hidden agenda or ulterior motive behind their words, actions, or decisions, without making it explicit.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be hinting at a deeper meaning or intention behind their words or actions, which requires further investigation or understanding to fully grasp.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: Although there may be variations in how people interpret it, the speaker is fairly confident that a significant number of individuals will understand that there is an underlying or implicit message conveyed through this turn. The meaning might not be immediately apparent and could require additional context, but the speaker believes that most people will recognize that there is a subtext or insinuation.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker is making a subtle suggestion or insinuation that others may pick up on, but without being too direct or forceful.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be conveying a hidden message or agenda that requires further exploration or analysis to fully understand.


I think the crash of the stock market, along with a shooting war in Iraq and a shooting war in Afghanistan made wonkiness less toxic and less unappealing. The Democrats would always field these sort of wonky smartypants candidates. And. . .

Michael Dukakis and John Kerry.

Michael Dukakis and John Kerry, you know, Al Gore, and they were clearly knowledgeable. But the Republicans would always say, yeah, but you wouldn't want to have a beer with them. They don't understand you. They don't understand the American people. And even though our candidate - George W.  Bush comes to mind - may not be an intellectual powerhouse, he understands real people.

And, in fact, there has been in American politics for a long time - you can go all the way back to Adlai Stevenson in the '50s is a prime example - an anti-intellectual fear in American politics, that intellectuals really didn't get it, and they shouldn't be put in high office. But the relative wonkiness of Obama and Joe Biden seemed more appealing to the relative unwonkiness of John McCain and especially Sarah Palin. And I think that helped removed the taint, really, of being smart.

turn 0 : People who usually would vote for the Republican candidate are considering voting for Hillary Clinton instead.

turn 0 : The media does not have as much influence over voters as people might think.

turn 0 : People make their own decisions when it comes to voting and are not influenced by the media as much as one might think.

turn 0 : The wonkiness of smart candidates is not popular with voters.

turn 0 : Everyone is talking about something that no one can deny as everyone sees it. It might not upset people who like Bernie Sanders and make them want to vote for someone else.


Michael Dukakis and John Kerry.

turn 3 : McCain campaign is facing a difficult challenge from Obama

turn 3 : Senator McCain's demographic characteristics were compared to Senator Obama and Senator Clinton.

turn 3 : John McCain is facing political isolation and uncertainty in the Senate

turn 3 : Obama and Biden's intelligence was more appealing to voters than McCain and Palin's lack thereof.


It's lonely. That's why, in many ways, the CIA is the world's biggest dating agency, I think. I imagine it's much like two actors that get married because they understand that universe. You know, I'm pretty sure that the agency's divorce rate is rather high.

You've written a story here with shootings and chases and champagne in suites at the Four Season. But is a lot of spy craft people just scrunched over their laptops sipping coffee?

I would say more likely there's a lot of downtime. You spend a lot of time waiting. You're waiting in a bar or in a restaurant or at a corner to make your meeting. You're doing a lot of surveillance detection routes to make sure that no one is on your tail. You can't put that in a book before the reader puts it down really quickly. However, both Sarah and I felt very strongly we wanted to make it a realistic portrait, particularly of a female operations officer in the CIA. For the most part, to my mind, they come across as how they're portrayed in popular culture is paper dolls - really props more than anything else. And I wanted a strong but realistic character.

A sidebar: have any of the revelations that there have been in recent weeks about the National Security Agency surprised or outraged you?

turn 2 : Implicated meaning: The speaker is expressing a desire to create a character in their book who is strong and believable, rather than simply creating a character who is physically strong. The implied meaning is that the speaker values depth and authenticity in their character portrayal, rather than creating a one-dimensional, superficial character.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker is indirectly suggesting that they have personal experience or knowledge related to the topic being discussed, and are subtly trying to convey their expertise without appearing arrogant.

turn 2 : He says it's incumbent on the press and on the media not to make it easy for celebrities to have these terribly serious transgressions alleged and be able to skate by on their charm, on their fame, on their accomplishments outside the arena of these allegations."  Implicated meaning: The speaker is emphasizing the responsibility of the press and media to hold celebrities accountable for their serious wrongdoings, rather than allowing them to escape scrutiny based on their charisma, reputation, or achievements unrelated to the allegations.


People should not affiliate with parties by race or ethnicity; they should affiliate to parties based on the ideas and the proposals of each party. And the former is happening, and it's extremely toxic. It divides our country in a dangerous way, and it really diminishes our democracy.

So what direction would you like to see the party take?I mean, what would be your ideal vision?

Well, I think the party was on a good path after the 2012 election. When any organization or individual faces a setback, I think the important thing to do is to be honest with yourself and identify how you can get better. And if you're a political party, that means how you can appeal to more people.

And of course, there will always be people beyond the reach of either political party, but to be able to get big things done, whichever party is in power is going to have to be able to convince a good majority of the American people that their way is the right way, and the Republican party isn't doing that. They're trying to win by maximizing this base strategy. And again, that can result in election victories, but it doesn't necessarily mean that you're going to be able to accomplish big things for the country.

turn 0 : Implied meaning: People are feeling resentment and anger towards people who think they don't have to follow the same rules as everyone else.

turn 0 : when a country is divided it means that the people living in the country have very different opinions from one another

turn 0 : A is advocating for social and political change.

turn 0 : The speaker is pointing out the cultural differences between America and their country, where America tends to cover up imperfections while their country embraces them. Implicated meaning: The speaker values authenticity and honesty over superficial appearances.

turn 0 : mixed picture means that all the countries have a lot of differences


This week, Ira, it's out there. This one's loopy. That's a joke, and you're going to find out why.

It's literally loopy.

It's literally loopy.

You're not - you were looking at me saying loopy. So. . .

turn 0 : loopy in this context means crazy or weird

turn 0 : has a literal meaning of "Yes, the numbers aren't looking good for the person," but its actual meaning is "It looks like the person isn't likely to succeed."

turn 0 : to move in direction in this context means to change something

turn 0 : to carry something out means to do something

turn 0 : it look like a meaningless. u can improve the sentence


Shelter in place. Stay away from windows. Maybe get in a reinforced room like a bathroom, something with no windows. The building I'm in - we're retreating to the inner corridors right now. And there's a stairwell inside that - we have some kids with us. We're putting the kids in there. We're putting pets in crates in bathrooms - just to get to the safest part of the building you're in. Stay away from the windows. And wait for the winds to go down.

Just to give us a little bit of context, you know, how have the Keys weathered major storms in the past?Is - how does this hurricane fit into the history of Key West and its exposure to storms?

Yet to be seen. But to me, it looks like the most serious one since the 1935 Labor Day hurricane, which was a Category 5. It went across Islamorada. In the upper Keys, it took out the overseas railway, and it killed more than 400 people. So Key West has seen other impacts since then. Wilma, in 2005, sent about a 5, 6-foot storm surge over the islands - and not just U. S. , a lot of the Keys. So that was a pretty serious impact. But nothing like this - not a Category 4.

Nancy Klingener of member station WLRN. We'll be checking in with you, we hope. Please stay safe.

turn 0 : All they have is the way of life that takes place outside of buildings.

turn 0 : There is a dangerous situation happening that requires people to seek shelter and take precautions.

turn 0 : The implied meaning of the first turn is that people have become apathetic to the problems facing the city and are not taking action.

turn 0 : This made the person have to stay where they were at.

turn 0 : The situation is uncertain and they need to take it one step at a time


What does she say - the captain?Does she say, I was just - I needed to dock the ship?

She said, I was respecting international law. And in fact, there are many constitutional experts here in Italy - also say that the decree is in violation of Italy's constitution and its treaties on international law, the U. N.  convention on asylum and on the right of anybody to come into a country and ask for asylum.

Now, issues of immigration and migrants, how to handle them - this has been front and center in Italy for years. How are Italians reacting to this case?How do they view the captain - what she was trying to do here?

Well, the reactions are as polarized as the country is, and she's a symbol of the divisions over the government's anti-migrant policies. Many on the center-left treat her as a heroine, while Salvini has called her a pirate and an outlaw. The media's dubbed this the battle of the two captains - Captain Rackete of the Sea-Watch and Salvini, who's known to his populist followers as il capitano.

turn 2 : when something is front and center in this context it means its out in the open, or some type of problem everyone notices

turn 2 : The speaker is hinting that the situation is difficult or complex.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker is hinting at something indirectly and expects the listener to read between the lines.

turn 2 : I see means in this context I understand

turn 2 : The speaker is suggesting that the situation might not be as serious or dangerous as it initially seemed.


Well, logistically, the thing that would take the immediate pressure off the Border Patrol stations for the children would be to get them into Office of Refugee Resettlement custody faster. ORR is the agency that's responsible for taking care of them until they can find a family member or someone else in the U. S.  to sponsor them. And that system got bottled up in 2014 under the Obama administration when you first started to have large numbers of Central American children coming.

Now you have even higher numbers. And that's been exacerbated by the administration separating the parents from the children, which they are not doing on a large scale but they're still doing on a small scale. So you're just having too many children coming into the Border Patrol stations too quickly and not enough leaving to go into the custody of ORR quickly enough. So that's an immediate bottleneck that needs to be resolved.

Well, what would happen. I mean, how could these children be moved out of there more quickly?I mean, I take it that the first thing to do would be not separate them from their parents, so you presumably have an adult who can be responsible for them. That would be thing one.

Right.

turn 0 : ORR needs to process children faster to ease Border Patrol stations.

turn 0 : The situation of sick children at the border is worse than immigration officials claim

turn 0 : People are concerned about immigration, not just interested.

turn 0 : Separated young people in federal facilities desperately need a daily routine.

turn 0 : The speaker interviewed young children affected by the border crisis.


We're talking with Joan Vennochi, the columnist for the Boston Globe, about a piece she wrote on the opinion page there today. It's called "Did the police let their guard down?"You can find a link to it at our website. Go to npr. org. Click on TALK OF THE NATION. And this is TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News.

And as you said earlier, it is impossible to secure the 26. 2 miles of the event, the huge crowds, like, 28,000 runners that gather to start the race, the crowds at the finished line, everything along the route. But Boston is not alone. Every city in town across the country has a big event. Do you think after Boston, police everywhere are going to have to look into their security?

Well, that seemed to be the feeling of people who know more about terrorism and security issues than I do, that again priority shift with time, there is a complacency that comes over certainly smaller towns and cities. I think New York City and L. A. , you know, places like that probably think about more than we thought about it here. It just seemed like something that could never happen. And until it does, you just think of it as something fairly remote, even though Boston certainly had a very direct connection to 9/11 since the planes left from here.

But, yeah, I mean, I think it makes - it's going to make the experts, again, think about the tradeoffs. Again, you can' protect against everything. But is there a way you want to rejigger what happens at the finish line?

turn 0 : The officers were fired from their jobs abruptly and not allowed to fraternize with the people that stayed.

turn 0 : She wrote an article asking if the police were not doing their jobs as well as they should have.

turn 0 : She might have discovered the illegal activity Rudy Giuliani was conducting.

turn 0 : The policeman wishes he could execute Pussy Riot members.

turn 0 : The reporting brought emphasis to the harrassment so that others would notice.


I have credit, but it was delayed. I've never had trouble getting credit here in Brazil. I've always paid my bills, and so credit's available for me. But this year, the credit promises were made, but then the credit wasn't going to arrive until it was too late to order the fertilizer and actually work out the logistics of receiving it. And so it's changed my plans a lot this year.

And timing is really essential for farmers. So, how is that going to play out there with your 2000 acres of soy?

The 2,000 acres I'm going to plant this year are technically for another farmer. I'm not going to farm anything in my own name this year. And that's common enough, really; I'm not alone in that. Total acreage of corn and soybeans could easily be down this year in Brazil. Most people expect there to be less corn, a lot less cotton, and also less of some of the food crops like rice and edible beans. So, it's caused everyone to plant less than they normally would.

Where do all of those crops grown in Brazil - corn, wheat, and soy - where do they get exported to?

turn 0 : Despite the current financial situation, A is happy with the decision to switch to Brazil and optimistic about the future.

turn 0 : The situation in Argentina is very bad due to high inflation, strikes and protests, and the government's decision to sign a huge IMF bailout.

turn 0 : The deficit and debt are similar to a person overspending and accumulating credit card debt.

turn 0 : A has had trouble getting credit in Brazil this year despite having a good credit history.


turn 0 : Despite having a good credit history, the credit was not available on time and it caused a lot of inconvenience

turn 0 : The long haul is a length of time where the issue had to be dealt with.

turn 0 : bare bones refers to their credit being SIGNIFICANTLY reduced

turn 0 : The behavior of the company should be investigated since it continued for many years.

turn 0 : when a company collapses, it means they went out of business.


I've always felt like with Britain that there was always a kind of low-grade racism that one experienced almost on a daily basis. Like, in America, you feel it's a much bigger convulsion. And the society is kind of reckoning with it in a more sincere but more troubled way. In England, it was always very light, you know?So it was - you'd come in and the guys on the walkie-talkie would be like, ah, you're the Indian fellow who's going with Gabriella. And it was like - so like. . .

A limerick.

Yeah. The first line of a limerick. But obviously, there was an implication because at that point, there was no one of my shape and size and color around, you know?So it was definitely there.

You focus in this piece on Princess Michael of Kent, who recently, of course, caused controversy when she wore a blackamoor brooch when she met Meghan Markle, who is biracial. And you say that that isn't surprising that she would have done something like that.

turn 0 : White people saying they were taught to treat everyone the same is not enough to combat racism.

turn 0 : Daily racism in Britain is subtle but still present

turn 0 : A faced racism from both white and black people due to his behavior and interests not aligning with stereotypes of his skin color.

turn 0 : The speaker wants to address the negative views towards immigrants in America and reject white nationalism and xenophobia

turn 0 : (2) The speaker is not only referring to a specific incident but also highlighting the larger issue of racism in the country and how it affects individuals on a personal level.


A limerick.

turn 2 : The speaker is sarcastic about the so-called 'racial moment'

turn 2 : The remark had racial undertones because of his skin color

turn 2 : He used racist language but tried to hide it behind humor.

turn 2 : A faced racism from both white and black people due to his behavior and interests not aligning with stereotypes of his skin color.

turn 2 : black per person implies African American person  and not a black color human being


And what they're suggesting is that you can lose spin from the Earth-moon system and transfer it to the sun-Earth system. And it's a very complex calculation. I mean, it's not just trivial that it took 30, 40 years to figure this out. But once that is on the table, and you say hey, I can start with an Earth that's spinning with a period of two hours, now you have an Earth, that if you were to look at this - and you can download the simulations from Science magazine - and you can see that - or from Harvard - and you can see that this Earth looks kind of like a muffin.

It's spinning so fast, it's got kind of a two-to-one axis ratio. And so their solution is hey, I can make the moon out of Earth's mantle, I'll just sort of hit it with a tiny projectile - you know, not tiny but much smaller than we thought previously - so Theia becomes smaller.

And you hit it, and off of the equator of this rapidly spinning muffin comes this stuff, and it's mostly Earth's mantle.

Little muffin that becomes the moon.

turn 2 : The current theory about the formation of the moon might not be accurate

turn 2 : The actual meaning is that near-Earth asteroids are easier to reach than the surface of the moon.

turn 2 : The moon was formed from the Earth's mantle.

turn 2 : It's likely there are similar Earths out there


Little muffin that becomes the moon.

turn 3 : The current theory about the formation of the moon might not be accurate

turn 3 : The moon was once a part of the Earth.

turn 3 : Gather around the moon, meaning the women gather around each other and gaze upon the full moon in the sky.

turn 3 : We're slowing down but transferring spin to the moon.


Can you explain to us why a general manager or coach wouldn't, just in football terms, necessarily snap at the opportunity to sign Colin Kaepernick?

I think you have to ask yourself, can this player, in this case a quarterback, can he help us win?And how do you win in the league right now?It is not 40 years ago when you can win 17 to 10. You have to rack up the offense. And what Kaepernick basically does - his skill set, the best part of it - is he does not throw many interceptions. He had four last year against 16 touchdown passes. That's a really good ratio.

But someone like Matt Ryan of the Falcons is throwing the ball down the field on these fading outs towards the sideline on a rope. And that's not something Kaepernick has the accuracy really to do. So he's someone who helps you tread water, don't make mistakes, and other players on the team can come to the fore and make the plays that win a game. So in a way, he's a bit of an anachronism. His timing is not ideal for the league right now.

I'm a Bears fan. And I got to tell you that I was skeptical that Colin Kaepernick wasn't being signed because of his political stand. And then the Miami Dolphins signed Jay Cutler. . .

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker is expressing their disappointment or dissatisfaction with the outcome of a situation or decision, without directly stating it.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be expressing their dissatisfaction or disappointment in a subtle or indirect way, rather than stating it directly.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker's tone and word choice suggest that they may be withholding information or expressing something indirectly, potentially due to fear of judgement or repercussions.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker is subtly suggesting that the other person is being unreasonable or unrealistic in their expectations or demands.


When I listen to you talk, I feel like the worst possible - the most hurtful insult someone could ever fling at you is, you're not authentic.

And she falls to the ground, and she curls into a ball. And. . .

What is it about authenticity that if it were lacking, it's mortally wounding for you?

Yeah. I mean, if you're telling someone they're not authentic, then what are you saying?I guess you could say the opposite of authenticity is - I don't want to just say fake because there's another word.

turn 0 : to call someone out means to challenge someone, be it on their beliefs or if they are bullying someone

turn 0 : The speaker uses 'literally' in a figurative sense.

turn 0 : Being called 'not authentic' is a severe insult

turn 0 : Implied meaning: People are feeling resentment and anger towards people who think they don't have to follow the same rules as everyone else.

turn 0 : destroy you meaning your character for being labeled as such


turn 2 : This implies that in the age of the internet, it's more important than ever to focus on the subject of authenticity because it's difficult to distinguish between true and false information.

turn 2 : They are saying that at the risk of sounding like they are perfect and above others they think you have to be honest.

turn 2 : They would not do bad things were most people would find out about them.

turn 2 : The key point is made to make people want to learn more about what happened.

turn 2 : Authenticity is crucial for A and lack of it hurts them


They thought he was a clown. They didn't think he was serious. There's obviously a lot of history because he owned the USFL's New Jersey Generals. But no, I mean, I think between the league looking at his books or wanting to look at his books and people seeing the way Trump has operated over the years, I think many of these people or most of these people wanted no part of doing business with him.

This book, I think it's fair to say, begins with your adoration for Tom Brady. And the. . .

It doesn't begin with it, but yes, it is definitely a part of it. I have to be transparent about my. . .

Oh, yes.

turn 0 : he literal meaning is that the speaker agrees with something and acknowledges that the other person is correct, and they both laugh.

turn 0 : What people think of him has lessened due to the situation.

turn 0 : They thought he was a joke or not a serious person

turn 0 : They are implying what is your opinion

turn 0 : (1) "B: (Laughter)." This turn implies that B found something funny or amusing, but it does not provide any literal information or statement.


What do you think needs to change now for the culture of harassment and sexual abuse to shift?

Well, I think what we're doing now is the biggest part. What has kept this quiet for so long is the fact that every victim felt that they were alone and felt that they were the only one. And they felt that their pain wasn't a big enough deal to bring it up and inconvenience other people. But now that you're seeing that so many other people are suffering and you're not the only one, we're all starting to stand up and do something about it. So we need to continue to talk about it, and we need to continue to find ways to keep this from happening anymore.

Kyle Stephens, I hope you can step out of the limelight for a while and, yeah, continue to heal. Thank you so much for talking with us.

Thanks, Lulu.

turn 1 : They are worried about any negative consequences of their actions and will fix them quickly.

turn 1 : People are starting to notice and take action on the issue.

turn 1 : A and the others are aware of the problem.

turn 1 : The situation is urgent and requires immediate action.

turn 1 : The issue being discussed involves human lives and families, making it emotionally charged and difficult to solve.


Scott Snyder is the senior fellow for Korea studies and the director of the program on U. S. -Korea policy at the Council on Foreign Relations. You're listening to TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News.

And you mentioned that parade of prime ministers in Tokyo. Mr.  Abe himself was a short-term prime minister as he got himself into some trouble on nationalist, among other issues. Is he likely to trim his sails back towards the center this time?He ran a pretty nationalist campaign.

Well, those specialists who have had direct contact with him suggested he's really a realist and a pragmatist. And that, in fact, last time when he was prime minister, he did curb some of those rhetorical impulses and, in fact, opened up kind of a new page in the relationship between Japan and China. Certainly, that sort of statesmanship is in great demand at this stage given the increasing tensions in the regional environment.

And the - as his rule maybe ephemeral, we will have to see. China, the new leaders there can look forward to a decade, if history - recent history is any guide. I guess, we've seen two now transitions of power in China that were reasonably predictable. But as they look ahead, does that suggest caution?Does that suggest - what signs are you looking for, what indicators as to what they will do on the crucial issue, for example, of political reform?

turn 1 : build bridges implies engaging in good human relationship and connections

turn 1 : A suggests a more extreme option than setting up a no-sailing zone

turn 1 : sail back to the centre implies engaging in doing things right this time in order to build bridges and connection

turn 1 : Sailing across the ocean during wartime was a perilous experience.


Well, I think on the third CD you definitely want to show some level of growth. I think your first album is your introduction. Your second album needs to show consistency. And your third album has to show growth in order for you to have a fourth album.

(Singing) You are a star, and you are perfect just the way you are. Keep on dreaming, keep on shining. . .

So, "Keep On Dreaming," one of your songs, folds in the loop from Suzanne Vega's "Tom's Diner. "And you have echoes of songs by other artists throughout the CD, but not samples per se. Why did you choose that approach?

You know, I think people want to be able to hear something familiar while hearing something new. It kind of ties it all together, like the "Tom's Diner" sample, it's just, it's like, she managed to be able to convey a certain feeling just off a melody that she had. She didn't really even say anything, but "duh duh da da, duh duh da da. "You know what I'm saying?And I think that's something that I wanted to mimic in this song. It's not a lot of words, but it's really just a feeling that I was trying to convey.

turn 3 : The artist prioritizes conveying emotion over lyrics in their music

turn 3 : The speaker is mentioning a song that reflects their current emotions.

turn 3 : The speaker is emotionally moved by the lyrics of the song.

turn 3 : What matters is how the song makes a person feels and how it sounds.


One option for mothers who feel they aren't able to properly raise a child is to surrender their infants anonymously. So-called safe-haven laws let moms give up their children at local hospitals, police and fire stations without legal consequence. They're intended as a way to save babies from grim fates. Pete Pircsh is a state senator in Nebraska.

2004, a 2-day-old infant was abandoned in a canal near the Elkhorn River in Norfolk. The baby had been dead for about two days at the time it was discovered. In 2007, a woman found a baby boy abandoned in a tote bag between a trash bin and a discarded TV, and there are other incidents like that.

This summer, Nebraska became the last state in the nation to pass a safe-haven law, and theirs is a bit different. Pirsch wrote an amendment to the bill that says children as old as 19 can be left at safe havens. Most states only allow parents to drop off their children if they're less than a year old.

If they're on the point where they, out of frustration or anger, may actually injure the child, then this is a vastly superior system to set up because it will take the child from that position of danger and place him into a safe environment.

turn 0 : There is a dangerous situation happening that requires people to seek shelter and take precautions.

turn 0 : Standing up for what is right even if it goes against the law.

turn 0 : Safe-haven laws are a way to save infants from being abandoned or killed.

turn 0 : Trust must be built before a homeless individual will accept a vaccine from the government.

turn 0 : Are they willing to let people die over that principle?


turn 2 : Representation in court is necessary for children's cases.

turn 2 : Nebraska's safe-haven law allows children up to the age of 19 to be left at safe havens.

turn 2 : Unrepresented children are at a disadvantage in court.

turn 2 : Nebraska is often overlooked or disregarded by people, despite its significance and potential.


turn 3 : Schools alone cannot solve the issue of safety, society as a whole needs to address it.

turn 3 : Not taking action to prevent something harmful from happening is wrong.

turn 3 : Safe-haven laws provide a vastly superior system to take a child out of a dangerous situation and place them in a safe environment.

turn 3 : Representation in court is necessary for children's cases.

turn 3 : Taking warnings seriously and evacuating can help protect yourself and your family in a dangerous area.


Ultimately, with everything that's transpired since that conversation, I don't. I wish I could take it back. And often people will say, but then you'd have never had this essay. And it wouldn't have been the same. And I think, I could've written other essays. Yeah, ultimately I opened up something that was actually closed for me. When people read that piece, they said to me, oh, I wonder - I hope this was very healing for you. I hope you worked through what happened to you through this essay.

My reaction to that is, I actually did already work through that. There's a reason it took 17 years to write that piece - because I had to work through that, and the box was closed. And by opening it up again and bringing those people back into my life, ultimately it wasn't worth it. But I can't take that back now.

Listening to you talk about this, I'm struck by the fact that we are hearing now a lot from women who are writing and examining their lives in sort of powerful, astonishing writing. Do you think there's something wider at play?

I think people are really paying attention now. I think people don't have an option anymore than to hear us and listen. There is such fantastic momentum. And it's really only the beginning. But it thrills me to see the books being picked up right now and the stories we're seeing. And I want that momentum to just continue and crash through.

That was T Kira Madden. Her debut memoir is "Long Live The Tribe Of Fatherless Girls. "Thank you so much.

turn 1 : "checking that box" - This is a figurative expression meaning to select or choose an option, rather than actually checking a physical box.

turn 1 : It's not a closed box but a memory of an event that is no longer thought about.

turn 1 : implies that the box was placed in a specific location in preparation for someone to use it, rather than just setting it down on a table.

turn 1 : a request for a reminder of the timeline of events leading up to the current situation.


Right. Just say en and E and - yeah.

What I think the phrase means is this feeling of glory that as humans who exist there is something marvelous about us, something magical, something stupendous, something exemplary. And I don't mean that in a religious way but perhaps religious adjacent, that we are touched by God, you know, that we have a spark. But also by nature of being on this planet, we are scarred and weathered and corrupted by the world outside of us and the flawed architecture inside of us. And so I like the phrase damaged glory because I think it represents that. And I do believe that we are all worthy of somebody who will love us in all our damaged glory.

Raphael Bob-Waksberg, thanks for speaking with us today.

Well, thank you so much.

turn 1 : AGREE WITH THE TURN AND IMPLIED MEANING AND BELIVE THAT EVERYONE

turn 1 : The speaker believes that humans are both wonderful and flawed, but still deserving of love

turn 1 : A is expressing a desire for love and acceptance, despite making mistakes.

turn 1 : A is admitting their mistake and asking for forgiveness

turn 1 : "I often come across the best of humanity, but I also come across the worst of humanity." This turn uses the figurative language of "the best" and "the worst" of humanity, which refers to the admirable actions and the despicable actions of people, respectively. It does not mean that the speaker encounters people who are entirely good or entirely bad.


There was a feeling over the last couple of days before I left that the military-backed ruling party was just a little taken aback by this humiliating defeat. I mean, they only won one seat and that hardliners in the party might not have taken too kindly to what happened and might want to retaliate in some way. And I think some people are afraid that some disgruntled hardliners might try to retaliate against Aung San Suu Kyi, which, of course, would be a disaster for the reform process and a disaster for the country. But so far, that hasn't happened yet, and now, they're talking about trying to reinvent themselves in the run-up to the 2015 general election.

Push could come to shove, yes. I mean, people used to having their way for a very long time aren't usually very eager to give up what they have.

turn 0 : (1)	A:	There was a feeling over the last couple of days before I left that the military-backed ruling party was just a little taken aback by this humiliating defeat.I mean, they only won one seat and that hardliners in the party might not have taken too kindly to what happened and might want to retaliate in some way.And I think some people are afraid that some disgruntled hardliners might try to retaliate against Aung San Suu Kyi, which, of course, would be a disaster for the reform process and a disaster for the country.But so far, that hasn't happened yet, and now, they're talking about trying to reinvent themselves in the run-up to the 2015 general election. (2)	A:	And if last week's election results were any indication, the NLD looks like it would sweep those elections, and then what happens to the military-backed ruling party?I mean, they're out the door, and then if you - if the NLD, for example, had a majority in parliament - I know we're getting ahead of ourselves - but if they had a majority, then they could actually talk about rewriting that constitution, yeah? (3)	B:	And at that point, push comes to shove, no? (4)	A:	Push could come to shove, yes.I mean, people used to having their way for a very long time aren't usually very eager to give up what they have.  Please choose the turns whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings.   (1) Please choose a confidence score ( marks how confidence you are that there is implied meaning in this turn ) :   4 : You are not sure whether everybody will agree that this turn has implied meanings but you believe that most of them will Please write a implied meaning ( More than 8 words! ) :

turn 0 : Although Kurz is technically still in charge, the government has lost much of its power and stability due to the coalition's collapse.

turn 0 : The outcome of the parliamentary election is uncertain, and it is difficult to predict what will happen next

turn 0 : That statement implies that Sisi's election may not have been fair and that there was an atmosphere of fear during the election.


OK.

It's caviar pie. And it's the simplest thing to make, but it's - really has a punch. It's got six eggs, and you have to hard boil them. And then you chop them a little bit. You mix them with three tablespoons of mayonnaise. You spread that on the bottom of an oiled 8-inch spring pan. I can't find mine, so I just use a plain old pie plate.

So you've got this layer of eggs with mayonnaise, and you sprinkle that layer with a cup of red onion which is minced fine. Now, I'm not much of a chef, and whenever I see the word mince in a recipe, I turn the page. But in this case, the work is really worth it because it's quite delicious so mince away.

You just chop, chop, chop, chop, chop, chop. . .

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be hinting at something indirectly and expects the listener to understand the intended message.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using metaphors or analogies to convey a complex idea or emotion in a more relatable or understandable way.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: This turn suggests that even seemingly simple interactions can have complex underlying dynamics and potential for misunderstanding.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using a metaphor or analogy to explain or describe something, often to make a complex idea easier to understand or to create a vivid image in the listener's mind.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be conveying a hidden message or agenda that requires further exploration or analysis to fully understand.


But instead the executives went in with the don't-tell-us-what-to-do approach, and they overplayed their hand. And this has happened before in the EU with the massive privacy law and billion-dollar fines. It's clear Europe is giving big tech a smackdown. And Google, whose motto used to be, don't be evil, might consider a new motto - play nice.

So what do these new rules mean for, say, artists, for creators?How helpful is all of this to them?

Well, there could be a fascinating rift here. Last summer, Sir Paul McCartney from the Beatles - OK?- he wrote an open letter to the European Parliament. He said, music and culture matter. They don't just happen. The companies exploit artists' work. And he wanted the law overhauled. But he's a big-time artist with lawyers who can produce copyright documents - right?- and negotiate agreements with Google.

Yeah.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker is expressing their disappointment or dissatisfaction with the outcome of a situation or decision, without directly stating it.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker is subtly suggesting that the other person is being unreasonable or unrealistic in their expectations or demands.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker's tone and word choice suggest that they may be withholding information or expressing something indirectly, potentially due to fear of judgement or repercussions.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker is expressing a sense of frustration or dissatisfaction with a situation or person, without explicitly stating it.


Yeah.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is subtly trying to convey a sense of urgency or importance in the matter being discussed, without explicitly stating it.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is hinting at a deeper or hidden motive or intention behind their actions or words.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker thinks that there is a level of ambiguity or hidden message in the turn that may not be immediately apparent, but which can be inferred or interpreted through context or other clues.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be suggesting that there are some hidden or unknown factors that could influence the situation being discussed.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using a euphemism or understatement to convey a more significant or sensitive message.


Absolutely. In fact, there is. It's very simple. If you go to the grocery store and you buy some blue food coloring, you can take it home. And I caution you to be very careful. It will stain the rug in your house, as I am. . .

Yeah.

. . . living proof of.

I hate it when that happens, you know.

turn 3 : (3) is a sign of amusement, indicating the speaker was laughing at the metaphor.

turn 3 :  "I don't know that story" - This turn has a literal meaning, which is that the person speaking is not familiar with the story being referred to.

turn 3 :  "Oh, a little bit, I guess, you know?" The literal meaning is that the speaker is acknowledging that they are bothered to some extent. However, the actual meaning could be interpreted as the speaker downplaying their concerns or trying to appear nonchalant about the situation.

turn 3 :  B: "I hate it when that happens, you know." The literal meaning suggests that the person simply dislikes it when something similar happens. However, the actual meaning could be that the person is using the phrase "when that happens" in a broader context, expressing frustration or annoyance with situations that lead to unwanted consequences or accidents in general.