Yes. I mean, it's an insurmountable difference. I sell Canadian lobsters most of the year. I probably sell more Canadian lobsters than I sell U. S.  lobsters. But I can't sell Canadian lobsters to China either, which is kind of defeating the purpose. And conversely, they made it so the Canadians could sell a U. S.  lobster as a Canadian. So it's like you got double screwed. That's really disheartening.

Have you been in touch with your buyers or your former buyers in China?What have they been telling you?

We've tried to keep in touch with them all along because it's always been - you never knew when this was going to end. There was no defined end. And it's just gone on and on and on. And everybody was getting a little hopeful that we might have some resolution in the next couple of months. And we had the tweets this weekend, which pretty much put the kibosh on that. So you sink back into despair.

I imagine you have been tracking very closely every development of these trade talks. Have you reached out to the Trump administration or any members of Congress to tell them that things are getting extremely tight for the lobster business now?

turn 0 : The speaker is pointing out the cultural differences between America and their country, where America tends to cover up imperfections while their country embraces them. Implicated meaning: The speaker values authenticity and honesty over superficial appearances.

turn 0 : The speaker is frustrated because they cannot sell Canadian lobsters to China due to trade restrictions, even though they sell a lot of Canadian lobsters

turn 0 : The speaker disagrees with the other person's argument.

turn 0 : The speaker is saying that money is important, but not as important as the enjoyment of cooking.

turn 0 : The speaker is expressing amusement at the topic being discussed.


You're right. I mean, by the time "Star Trek" came along I haven't - I'd met the love of my life, lost him, I had divorced my children's father; my boys were about 9 and 10. And I was just shot out of a cannon into the most extraordinary work I've ever done in my life or will ever be asked to do because nothing could more challenging, more arduous or rewarding than that part on that series.

Than being Captain Janeway.

That's correct.

I want to go back to your daughter, and you had her decades ago. It was clearly a different time. Do you ever think about how your life would be different if you had made a different decision?

turn 1 : 2) acknowledges the character that the speaker played on the series, Captain Janeway. Turn (3) simply confirms that the previous statement is correct. Turn (4) asks a straightforward question about the speaker's past and whether she thinks about how her life would be different if she had made different choices.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker is implying that her character's story line on the show mirrored her own life experience.

turn 1 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer

turn 1 : Turn (2) implies that the speaker has no opinion on the subject but is interested in hearing the opinions of others and is marveling at the idea of how much can change in 40 years.


All right. Let's run through two of the main issues. . .

Yeah.

. . . Briefly. One is Carter Page, the former Trump campaign aide. The Democratic memo contends Page was under surveillance for many reasons which initially had nothing to do with the controversial Steele dossier.

Yeah. I mean, I think - look, I think that everyone agrees that that's sort of part of what's going on here. Carter Page had long had contacts with Russian intelligence officers, apparently unwitting to him. At one point, it appears he may have been working with the FBI to talk about those folks. And so that has now come out. And it's pretty clear. We've known this for a while, though. These are facts that we've known or at least we've heard rumors of.

turn 2 : The White House made a mistake by not releasing the Democratic memo, which may discredit their claims of FBI corruption.

turn 2 : The Democratic memo contends Page was under surveillance for many reasons which initially had nothing to do with the controversial Steele dossier

turn 2 : The FBI intentionally avoided revealing that the Hillary Clinton campaign paid for the Steele dossier.

turn 2 : The first memorandum makes unfounded allegations to undermine the FBI.

turn 2 : Republican memo was biased and used unreliable information.


Yeah.

You're just sitting there going, wow!You know, if you just do a double take, you're like, that's him on screen. It was amazing. Just the way he held the mic, the way he stood in front of the mic, all of it was so much of Biggie.

I have to say, I can't wait to see it. I got a chance to interview Biggie at one of the big awards shows, like, 10, 12 - no, it's longer than that. Anyway, I'm old. But anyway.

Yeah, we all are.

turn 1 : I see means in this context I understand

turn 1 : double take means to look at something again because you are surprised

turn 1 : B is impressed or surprised by what A said.

turn 1 : to look forward to something means they are excited for an event.


And as for the question of who you scrutinize, it's fascinating. There's now an enormous case going on in Minneapolis I'll bet you've never heard of of a fella named Tom Petters.

I have not heard of him.

See. He's been convicted of a variety of things that seem to have scammed billions of dollars from hedge funds and many people in the twin cities who trusted him, and much of the Madoff thing is kinship because of what - you know, Madoff is Jewish, and a lot of Jews were in there. But this fellow was some sort of evangelical Christian - or is, I guess, and he got a lot of evangelical Christians.

It's - it is happening - I've been around 40 years, and I've seen it over and over again that people frequently scam their own communities because that's where they're trusted, and people don't do their homework on people they trust.

turn 3 : that people don’t do their homework means that they don’t research information.

turn 3 : The information was told to others when it was not supposed to be told.

turn 3 :  implies that you should be mindful of the information you hear and stay informed.

turn 3 :  The turn contains multiple layers of meaning, including both explicit and implicit information, and its true significance can only be fully understood through careful analysis of its context and subtext.

turn 3 : a little foggy implies that the people do not have exact information


Exactly, after Dennis. And the greatest compliment a button-maker can get - she used it in her speech to the 1996 convention in Chicago.

You, of course, we'll stipulate, produce buttons for both major parties, yes?

We are an equal opportunity offender. We did I liked Hillary four years ago, but we did a very nice Chelsea button: don't tell mama but I'm voting for Obama.

Oh my God. Now, who pays for a button like that?

turn 2 :  "Frankly, they kind of overdo it, you know? So for blacks to support Obama, he's got to make up his mind. Is he African or American? Because he can't be both. That doesn't make sense." The literal meaning of this turn is that Obama cannot be both African and American, and that it is difficult for black people to support him. However, the actual meaning is that there is a sense of confusion and identity crisis regarding Obama's background, and that this confusion affects how some black people feel about him.

turn 2 :  This turn actually means that the speaker is more concerned with the alternative (Hillary Clinton, Barack Obama, or Bernie Sanders) than with a "Never Trump" attitude, and that it is important for the country and party to come together despite any reservations about Trump.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker might be implying a hidden agenda or ulterior motive behind their words, actions, or decisions, without making it explicit.

turn 2 : Despite facing insults and criticism, the writer encourages others to have hope and support Barack Obama's presidential campaign.

turn 2 : The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker is a supporter of Obama and is not afraid to express it publicly, even if it goes against the expectations of his mother.


The size of the painting certainly is a huge challenge. And because we're capturing so much data with a variety of imaging techniques, we're generating terabytes of data that, down the line, we'll be using computer analysis and artificial intelligence to actually interpret some of the data. So that is a sort of a goal down the line to actually figure out the best way to look at this kind of information.

So shoring up IT.

That is certainly one of the goals. That doesn't mean to say that you still don't need the experts. In our Night Watch research team, we have experts of all different kinds - curators, art historians, conservators, scientists. You still need those experts, you know, for interpretation of the data. But I mean, you want to take away a lot of the manual work, a lot of the looking. And that's where artificial intelligence and computers will be very helpful.

Well, I'm sure Rembrandt couldn't imagine that. Right?

turn 0 : The auto industry is experiencing trouble and unemployment is rising. The Dow Jones Index's drop below 8,000 has Wall Street concerned

turn 0 : The recession will not have a quick recovery

turn 0 : The economy is not humming but is working as it should.

turn 0 : Central bankers' actions have positively affected the market.


To the outside world, your mother, a progressive voice, but what was going on inside the family?

My mother was dealing with a lot of what black women were dealing with in Jackson, Miss. So from the outside, it looked like she was doing really well. She was on television - local television - doing political prognostication. She was in an abusive relationship. She did not make much money. She was dealing with what I would call, like, the shards of abuse. And, you know, when I was around 9 or 10, she started to whip me when I didn't do right. And she would always say she was whipping me because what I would face from police or white people would be even harsher.

And those beatings just I think started to get progressively worse, and I think that the beatings my mother was taking from life, from our town, from her partner, also started to get progressively worse. And I think the scariest part about it looking back is that we just didn't know how to talk about any of it. We didn't know how to talk about what we were doing to one another, and we didn't really know how to talk about what the world and our state was doing to us.

As the very title suggests, that the cost of trauma, including, for example, the beatings you endured from your mother, the beatings that she endured, all of that takes a toll on our bodies. What happened to you?

turn 1 : Mothers who have lost their children recognize and approach each other for comfort.

turn 1 : The mom is not confined to doing things one way and staying in one place.

turn 1 : Despite looking successful, my mother was dealing with abuse and financial struggles.

turn 1 : She was able to rise above her difficult circumstances and become a successful artist despite her hardships.

turn 1 : The situation worsened after trying to treat it


This has been a longstanding feature of Libya. The United Arab Emirates and Egypt had been backing General Khalifa Haftar - giving him weapons, conducting airstrikes. And the Tripoli forces have turned to Turkey, who's now providing weapons as well. And so it's a very cynical game, and Libyans are just paying the price for it.

And meanwhile, back to the migrants who, of course - as we mentioned, there's at least 44 who died in this latest attack.

Right.

They're trying to get to Europe. What now?I mean, as you mentioned, the EU has this policy of turning them around, and they end up back in these detention centers and then presumably - what?- trying to make the trip again.

turn 0 : Despite previous improvements, Libya has regressed due to latest developments

turn 0 : The current situation is chaotic and not following the rules of the Constitution

turn 0 : This means that the leaders are corrupt - there is nothing quite literally going into their pockets.

turn 0 : The involvement of foreign powers has created chaos in Libya


So, I'm a little concern about that, especially with the amount of technology connections that they have made through this campaign, and the amount of donors that they've received through online mechanisms. So it's going to be interesting to see how this plays out. But, clearly somebody is going to want that data Farai. There's no way out that the Democratic. . .

Don't let Sascha get a hold of the mass email list. And you know, start asking for Christmas presents or something.

Let me tell you, somebody in the Democratic Party. . .

I'm glad you clarified that. Somebody in the Democratic Party is definitely saying, hmm, that's a gold mine of data sitting right there.

turn 1 : They are focusing on the true meaning of Christmas rather than gifts and themselves

turn 1 : They are asking what would be the best thing for the person to find.

turn 1 : The actual meaning of (4) is that B is expressing appreciation for the invitation, and that he will bring something as a gift when he visits.

turn 1 : Asking for Chrstmas presents implies they need the things they are looking for and hope they get them.


turn 3 : The person found a lot of people not shopping and instead watching how much they spend on things in order to save money.

turn 3 : A gold mine implies that the amount is a lot and it has value to the people that want it

turn 3 : The speaker in (2) is implying that they are looking for something rare and valuable, such as precious metals or other valuable resources, rather than simply asking what type of metal they are looking for.

turn 3 : Their notion is to do as much as you can and don't think about the numbers too much.

turn 3 : "very expensive electricity" - This turn has a figurative meaning, as the term "expensive" is relative and varies depending on the person's perspective and circumstances. The actual cost of electricity may not be considered high by some people, while others may view it as unaffordable.


And to do that you have to make time as a real thing.

Well sure because if laws can change in time, then there's nothing beyond time. And this is. . .

Yeah, I understand. How would then - how would the laws of nature then change over time?What is the mechanism that they would be changing or change them?

Well, since I'm a scientist, my job once coming to the philosophical idea that they have to change, is to invent hypotheses as to how they might change. And the whole point is that these hypotheses, since they're about the past, should be testable by observations we can make. So in the book "Time Reborn" I consider several of these hypotheses.

turn 3 : NONE
turn 3 : none
turn 3 : NONE
turn 3 : none
turn 3 : none


For sure. I remember I approached my mom with an article by the CDC and asked why, according to the CDC, vaccines don't cause autism and why mercury is not this extremely dangerous substance and poison found in vaccines that, you know, some people like herself would claim. And her response was simply, that's what they want you to think.

And I was just blown away that, you know, the largest health organization in the entire world would be written off with a conspiracy theory-like statement like that. And so moments like that I can recall back to, where I just thought, like, the concern with the evidence is not here.

When did you get vaccinated?When did you start?

I had two vaccines when I was 2 years old. My mom claims that one of those did not happen, or it happened against her will, and the only vaccine I should have gotten was a tetanus shot when I was 2. And that was it. Alongside that, I've never got any other vaccines - hepatitis, polio - anything.

turn 0 : following refer to or implies being interested in a situation or information

turn 0 : to look for something in this context means they are trying to see if something will happen

turn 0 : to approach someone with something in this context means you are showing them something

turn 0 : has a literal meaning of "Yes, the numbers aren't looking good for the person," but its actual meaning is "It looks like the person isn't likely to succeed."

turn 0 : This turn expresses willingness to engage in the conversation.


South Africa has some very liberal policies. It has a very liberal constitution on migration and immigration. I think with that, though, is a history since 1994 of xenophobia and of a backlash against that very liberal migration policy. We saw in 1994 the Inkatha Freedom Party actually really try to take physical action, or threatened to take physical action if the government failed to crack down on undocumented workers in South Africa.

We saw similarly later on that decade a study that was done by the Human Sciences Research Council, an institute for security studies in South Africa, that reported that 65 percent of South Africans were in support of forced repatriation of undocumented migrants in their country.

And so I think that history - history of violence against not just Zimbabweans, but Somalis, Mozambiquans and Angolans has just played itself out in larger and larger ways here in the last couple of weeks. And that Zimbabwe has been, I mean, Zimbabwe and South Africa, both governments, have been trying to respond to this recent wave of migration. But their responses have not been enough.

Alright. I want to move on to an interesting initiative. Physicist Steven Hawking is looking for Africa's Einstein. What he wants to do with a bunch of entrepreneurs and scientists is to create Africa's post-graduate centers for advanced math and physics, places that don't exist yet. And it's planned to cost 75 million British pounds, or over 150 million U. S.  dollars. Hawking said, quote, the world of science needs Africa's brilliant talents. So what exactly is this plan going to do?

turn 0 : The speaker is contrasting the peaceful transition to democracy in South Africa with the ongoing struggles of black people in America to achieve equality. Implicated meaning: The speaker is highlighting the unique historical context of South Africa's transition to democracy and the significance of the peaceful transition.

turn 0 : "very liberal policies" and "liberal constitution" - the literal meaning of these phrases is that South Africa has policies and a constitution that are characterized by a broad-minded or progressive approach. The implied meaning, however, is that South Africa is relatively open to immigration and migration.

turn 0 : (3) Implied meaning: Were South African mobs and looters targeting African migrants?

turn 0 : A is advocating for social and political change.


You know, like, you could sleep on concrete every day in your life, and if you try to sleep on a warm bed, you wouldn't be able to sleep because it's not cold.

Our story, Miracle on the Streets, came to us from independent producer Dmae Roberts and the NPR program Hearing Voices.

Coming up in the program, we switch gears a bit and get funny with "Saturday Night Live's" Andy Samberg. Samberg and two other very funny dudes are the band Lonely Island. They have a new album; it's called "Incredibad. "Maybe that means songs so bad that they're good. Our critic Andrew Wallenstein brings us a review. That's coming up later on in the program.

Day to Day returns in a moment.

turn 2 : Suggesting that the other person should watch The Daily Show to see the speaker's appearance.

turn 2 : implies that A is happy to be on the show;

turn 2 : changing from one segment of the show to different segment of the show

turn 2 : The literal meaning of the turn only provides information about the showrunners, but the actual meaning involves the compromise and the speaker's feelings about it.


Well, it's a little more complicated than that. They have to then process the signals that they receive back from the ground. As you say, most of them come back from leaves. And I think, what, they handed you the disc and you flew it out and gave it to the computer guy.

Well, that's right. And in fact, it is very complicated. The LIDAR machine has inside it a highly classified thing called an IMU, an Inertial Measurement Unit that was developed for the military for use in guided missiles. And in order to get an export permit for the plane, the State Department required that the plane be guarded by armed soldiers at all times when it was on the ground because this is a very highly classified piece of equipment. Because it's important to locate the plane in the air in three dimensions as it's flying to within an accuracy of about a centimeter. I mean, that's incredible.

Mm-hmm. So you rushed this data off to the computer guy and he did his magic. How did you - what did you - when did you actually see the picture?

Well, I brought it back from that evening on the island of Roatan, and he processed it. He had to crunch the data. There was also data that had to come from Houston that had been collected by them, and all those had to be combined to make this map. And he was working till the wee hours of the morning making these maps. And then the Internet connection was down so he went to bed. His name is Michael Sartori, by the way. He was a really fascinating guy.

turn 2 : He causes chaos and trouble but he does not actually sow it

turn 2 : The person was not on fire but he was playing very well and getting a lot of fame and jobs because of this.

turn 2 :  "What is the trick that proved most difficult for you to master?" Here, the word "trick" is used to refer to a specific magic performance or illusion. The literal meaning of "trick" is a cunning or deceitful act, but in the context of magicians, it represents a skillful and entertaining performance.

turn 2 : his magic implies he performed so skilfully and amazingly

turn 2 : He is glad that he is not so famous that he is recognized everywhere he goes all of the time.


Yeah.

And I thought it was important to bring that to them.

When you approach prison administrators and ask them to distribute this inside their facility, what has their reaction generally been?Is there resistance?

Well, initially from some there was. I mean, here is this guy. He was formerly incarcerated. He comes out in less than a year, and he wants to bring material back in. . .

turn 2 : "There's people who become who they are on the inside."  This turn is a figurative expression that means some people change and grow emotionally and mentally while incarcerated.

turn 2 : Prisoners are not treated with basic human rights in jail despite being convicted

turn 2 : Russia here refers to or implies a prison

turn 2 : The phrase "here is this guy" may imply that the speaker's background as a formerly incarcerated person could be a factor that some administrators may not be comfortable with. The speaker's use of the phrase "initially from some there was" implies that there may have been resistance from some prison administrators, but not necessarily all of them.


So a country that was bought by the United States 100 years ago - you're celebrating the centennial this year, and there are still so many other islands that are essentially controlled by European countries, as well - like the Netherlands, France and Britain - that were impacted by Irma. And we've seen a pattern in the response. How has the United States talked about it in your view?

The United States has talked about us as if we are effectively a colony, which is that we are secondary. We are perhaps secondary types of Americans. Now, we do carry American passports in the Virgin Islands, but we don't have federal representation.

We cannot vote for president for example. Our congresswoman, who - we vote for her - she cannot vote in Congress. So we really have no say. But I also think that this has to do with just the way that we are thought of in the national imagination as a place for a vacation and respite. And it's a beautiful place. The Virgin Islands is as beautiful as everybody says.

It is a gorgeous, pristine, absolutely divine place. However, it's a place where human beings also live. So, you know, when Americans travel to Europe, for example, they know that they're traveling to Europe to engage with the cultural history. When people travel to the Caribbean, they are often traveling to avoid the human beings and to just engage in the beauty of the space.

So they're in resorts. They're lying in the sun. They're drinking tropical, rum-infused drinks, but they're not necessarily there for the culture or to talk to the people who live there?

turn 1 : No actual islands, but small groups of people that acted civilly toward one another surrounded by large groups that did not.

turn 1 : The United States is the only place where A can survive.

turn 1 : Europe wants to assert its independence from the US while risking consequences

turn 1 : The United States treats the Virgin Islands as a colony.

turn 1 : The US has failed to achieve its goals by trying to impose its standards of democracy and governance on foreign countries.


turn 3 : Tourists in the Caribbean often prioritize leisure over cultural experiences.

turn 3 : (4) - Implied meaning: People were encouraged to enjoy the outdoors and take in the beauty of nature

turn 3 : Americans are limiting the length of their vacations.

turn 3 : The hotel is aimed at government officials, expats, and business people who want to do business in post-conflict Liberia.

turn 3 : The speaker realizes the value of being present in the moment and the importance of not missing out on important experiences.


And, of course, this gourmet chef has, as his confidant, food critic, and food taster, his cat named Apollo. So as you can expect, everything goes wrong that day. The question is, can everything be put right?

And we'll leave it with that because, I mean, there's such a lovely surprise at the end that we should let people get to on their own. So Steinbeck - did he write a lot of short stories as well?

He wrote a good number of short stories, but this is one of the few that has some very fine, comic elements to it. When I was reading it, I was thinking to myself, is this John Steinbeck?I mean, nobody's dead; nobody's crying. There was some crying in this story, but a lot of it just was very funny. And he just manages to take a very simple theme and, with great turns of phrase, fantastic prose, turn it into something that - when I read it, I said to myself, this is a little gem. And I was just so, so excited to be reading this.

Yeah, I feel like it was - if someone suggested the topic, no other writer could have made it just shine and come to life in this really cool way.

turn 0 : (1) "Right." This turn does not convey any literal meaning, but it serves as a signal that the listener is following the speaker's train of thought and agrees with what has been said. It is a type of backchanneling, which is a signal that the listener is actively listening and engaged in the conversation.

turn 0 : when something is made clear in this context it means that it is explained so people understand

turn 0 : to move in direction in this context means to change something

turn 0 : be put right means that something should be made correct, or something should be corrected

turn 0 : (1) Implied meaning: Are you suggesting that despite the good things Franklin Roosevelt and Abraham Lincoln did, they were still wrong for certain actions?


We get to have some of these first-time discussions with parents where they didn't realize my student who graduates high school - wait a minute, you're telling me that they - in the state of Tennessee, they have the opportunity for two years or for a technical certificate program free of cost to me?And sometimes they tear up. Sometimes they're speechless. Sometimes I reach across the room and - to shake hands with two hands. Sometimes I give hugs to a mother who has nothing to say. She's shaking and she's crying. And these are lasting moments. These are the things that keep us going when otherwise it may seem we have a whole lot of bad news to deliver.

As an educator, Mr.  Leddy, do you have any concern that, you know, the mentality sometimes goes that because it's free, students - everybody involved might not take it seriously and treat community college as just a continuation of high school?

I've heard that. I don't share the view. At the high school level, where we are, and when we see the struggles the students have, when we see parents working two, three, four jobs to try to afford the basics, the subsistence needs for their families - that argument or that view kind of rings hollow. Our students are very appreciative. Our students feel that they're valued. They feel like someone is listening at the state level and someone is looking out for their futures.

The program is funded by the - by the Tennessee state lottery. So I guess if you want to - if you want to support education, buy a lottery ticket.

turn 3 : "I am glad somebody is finally speaking up and saying that parents are having a tough time footing the bill for things that should have been paid for through their tax dollars and paid through the school system." - The actual meaning is that the person is glad someone is raising awareness about the issue of parents having to pay for things that should have been covered by taxes and the school system.

turn 3 : "So I guess if you want to - if you want to support education, buy a lottery ticket" - Implied meaning: A way to support education is to buy lottery tickets.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is hinting at something they want or need, but they don't want to ask for it directly.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be hinting at a desire or need for help or support from the listener.

turn 3 :  (4) - Implied meaning: I am very grateful for the opportunities I have been given at my age.


Not necessarily. Sinkholes can happen for many different reasons at different times. However, we do tend to see sinkholes occur more often during high precipitation events, so during a wet season, for instance. The - if you have a void underground and in the soil it tends to work its way toward the surface. And so then you have - and we don't necessarily see any kind of subsidence on the surface if it's a nice, tight, clay soil.

But when you add a lot of water to it, you're adding - you know, water weighs a lot. So you're adding that weight to that soil bridge, basically, over that void. And once you get to a certain amount of weight, it'll collapse. The other situation is during droughts. Water tables will drop, so that'll give you a little bit more instability for what's on the surface, but also clay holds water very well.

And during a drought, you might dry up the water that's in that clay. And clay, you know, that water is basically like a glue. It's adhesive. And if you lose that adhesion, you also can get sinkholes.

Is there a way to detect if you have a sinkhole under your property someplace?

turn 0 : Deep holes in the ground that appear suddenly and continue to keep deeper happen for different reasons at different times.

turn 0 : just around the corner implies it is happening soon.

turn 0 : well refers to good and not a hole dug in the ground

turn 0 : The systems are capable of being penetrated by someone.

turn 0 : to surface in this context means that something has been kept secret but isn't anymore


turn 1 : The area underground where water is first found will lower in terms of the amount of water.

turn 1 : The water flow was really high in 1986, but it's lower now.

turn 1 : Melting ice on Greenland and Antarctica adds water to the sea level.

turn 1 : Water infrastructure is a critical yet underappreciated aspect of our economy and daily lives, and requires more attention and investment.


Why is there - at least I can't come up with somebody who is quite like Mary McGrory, male or female, that's a columnist now. Or am I wrong?

You know, I think that the one thing that really stood out to me the most about Mary - and it literally got mentioned in every single interview I conducted for the book - was that she went out and did her legwork, that she went out there every day and talked to people and didn't just write a column from the comfy confines of her office.

Yeah, she wasn't just a pundit.

She wasn't just a pundit. Into her 80s, she was out there covering presidential primaries, having friends and family hurtle her over snow banks in Manchester. And I think that really distinguished her writing and her as a personality.

turn 2 : (3) - "She wasn't just a pundit" - This means that Mary McGrory was more than just a commentator - she was a journalist who actively went out and did research and interviews to back up her work.

turn 2 : her stories were not what people were usually reading and the topics of them were not what was normally talked about.

turn 2 : In turn (3), when Mary's cousin joked about making the candidates carry her bags if the reporters weren't able to do so, the actual meaning is that Mary was a skilled and respected journalist who deserved better treatment than having to rely on others to carry her equipment. The joke is a sarcastic critique of the sexist attitudes prevalent at the time,

turn 2 : The comment made by 'she' had a significant impact on A


Well, actually, there are several sets of defendants. In the case of the manufacturers, the claim is that they created, through fraudulent means, a demand for opioids in the case of chronic pain, which was not the practice prior to their efforts.

And you said there's other targets of lawsuits.

Yes. The distributors and the retail sellers have also been sued. Where they have gotten into trouble is that they haven't monitored suspicious orders. And there have been cases where literally millions of doses have been shipped to small communities, clearly in excess of any legitimate demand.

If the federal government brings its own lawsuit against these companies as President Trump has called for this week - is that just going to duplicate what states and localities are doing?Or does the federal government have a different role here?

turn 0 : The manufacturers fraudulently created a demand for opioids in chronic pain cases, which was not present before their efforts.

turn 0 : The criminal justice system is heavily involved in the opioid epidemic.

turn 0 : The severity of the opioid crisis affects people of all backgrounds and has far-reaching consequences.

turn 0 : "So crack down on the doctors, but make sure there's a support system ready for their patients."  The implied meaning of this turn is that while it is necessary to hold doctors accountable for any role they may have played in fueling addiction, it is equally important to ensure that patients receive the necessary support to cope with the aftermath of addiction.

turn 0 : Johnson & Johnson's involvement in opioids was surprising.


I don't think he is. I haven't heard him talk about the Constitution or small government. It's hard to say you espouse conservative principals and small-government principals when you are saying that you think Canadian health care system works and it's wonderful.

An NBC Wall Street Journal poll shows that Mr.  Trump has a very high favorability rating among conservative talk radio listeners. Do you have listeners that say to you you're wrong about this?

(Laughter) Not yet. I have lots of listeners who say that I'm wrong on this, but that's OK. I speak my mind, and my opinion is my opinion, nothing more and nothing less. I look for a man of integrity, humility, who is rooted in the Constitution - because if you root yourself in the Constitution, we can't go too far left, and we can go too far right. We are held by principles we all used to declare we found self-evident.

Do you have any sense of rivalry with Donald Trump?

turn 2 :  In this context, "root yourself in the Constitution" implies having a firm understanding of the values and principles in the Constitution, as opposed to its literal meaning of physically planting yourself in the document.

turn 2 : roots implies your family or your earlier days and not the part of trees or plants in the soil

turn 2 : People do not have roots but they do have places where they began something or where family is.

turn 2 : to hold something in this context means that the person has power

turn 2 :  turn is asking about the use of subpoenas to compel witnesses to testify and whether they are a last resort or a negotiating tool. The actual meaning, however, is asking about the effectiveness and necessity of using subpoenas in congressional investigations.


U. S.  Secretary of State Mike Pompeo blamed Iran for the latest incidents and used strong language, calling them an attack on international peace and security as well as an assault on freedom of navigation. Iran maintains that it had no role in the explosions and called the U. S.  accusations part of a campaign against Iran. And all of this is taking place as the Trump administration is hoping to pressure Iran for what it considers better terms after earlier pulling the U. S.  out of the deal aimed at curbing Iran's nuclear campaign.

So in this moment of rising tension, we thought it would be helpful to get perspective from someone who's been involved in previous negotiations between the two nations. Gary Sick negotiated the agreement that ended the hostage crisis that began during the Carter administration. He's now a senior research scholar at Columbia University's Middle East Institute. Gary Sick, welcome. Thanks for joining us.

It's good to be with you.

How do you view what happened this week?

turn 0 : Israel the little Satan and America the great Satan implies that the two countries do acts that Iran greatly disapproves of.

turn 0 : Iran has a system of government that does not tell anyone what is going on.

turn 0 : The U.S. blames Iran for the explosions, but Iran denies involvement and considers it part of a campaign against them.

turn 0 : Iran's proxy organizations pose a serious threat to the US and its allies

turn 0 : The situation between Iran and the US may lead to a military conflict, which nobody wants.


Oh, no. There was a rally last week, but it was a - that was a buffoon bus. And it was a - it was a freak show, to be honest with you. I mean, it really was bizarre. I mean, it was a bunch of people from out of town in a bus, you know, yelling and screaming. I mean, it really was not much of anything, but. . .

I just want to interject. They may not share that characterization, but go ahead please, sir.

Yeah, I'm sure they don't, but it's accurate (laughter). But I really had no serious challenge from the left or the right. My re-election prospects looked quite good, actually. Most of my colleagues have multiple opponents. You know, I had just one who announced in the right, and I had one who announced from the left, but neither of whom are particularly viable.

Why leave when, arguably, your voice - it's more important than ever that you be heard?

turn 1 : Implies that the speaker is asking for the other person's opinion about the political implications of the current situation.

turn 1 : (2) - This turn implies that the speaker does not agree with the characterization of the rally and is interjecting to remind the other speaker that the participants in the rally may not share the same opinion.

turn 1 : The speaker is acknowledging and agreeing with the previous speaker's statement, but does not provide any additional information or opinion. The meaning of this turn depends on the context of the conversation.

turn 1 : This is an expression of agreement, but it also implies that the speaker is willing to continue the discussion.


turn 3 : The speaker is expressing appreciation for the opportunity of being able to discuss the issue.

turn 3 :  implies that the interlocutor agrees with the previous statement and is encouraging the speaker to continue talking.

turn 3 : In turn (4), the actual meaning is that both sides are downplaying their chances of success in the debate, even though they may privately believe that they will perform better than the other side. The implied meaning is that both sides are likely overestimating their own abilities and underestimating their opponent's abilities, and that the outcome of the debate may be more uncertain than either side is willing to admit.

turn 3 : (4) - This turn implies that the speaker is urging the other speaker to stay and lend their voice to the debate, as their opinion is important and relevant.

turn 3 : Implies that the speaker is asking for the other person's opinion about the political implications of the current situation.


Oh. . .

. . . Believe and understand it should be.

. . . A large number.

But. . .

turn 2 : The implied meaning is that B has a unique and special person in their life that they want to share with the world.

turn 2 : The implied meaning is that A is inquiring about the details surrounding B's special person.

turn 2 : B disagrees with the premise of the question but is willing to discuss it further.

turn 2 : It implies that A believe and understand what B means to a large extent.


We're back with Donna Brazile and we're talking about superdelegates and how they can shape the Democratic nominee for president. Donna is a superdelegate, she's also a Democrat, and she's uniquely qualified to speak on those issues for that reason. Donna, welcome back.

Thank you so much for having me.

So I understand that you told the New York Times that basically your niece, among nine million other people, has been lobbying you. What does it feel like to get that — first of all, how did your niece call up?And, you know, did she know that you were a superdelegate. And what about all the other people who were calling you up?What do you say to them?

Well, first of all, I'm flattered by the amount of attention that we all are getting, not just the superdelegates but those who are out there running for pledge delegate today across the country. Look, Democrats are hungry of a victory. They want change. They are tired of George Bush and they don't want to see four more years of Bush/Cheney.

turn 3 : Basically, when we haven't got enough money, we have to decide who's not going to get food."  The actual meaning implied in this turn is: "Essentially, when we lack sufficient funds, we need to determine which individuals will not receive food."

turn 3 : The literal meaning of this turn is that Secretary Kerry has been talking about the idea of a transitional government. The implied meaning is that Kerry is proposing a new government as a way to address the root of the conflict and end the fighting.

turn 3 : The implication is that the Republicans may have to use strong tactics to pass their agenda, even if it means having to pressure members of their own party.

turn 3 : "Democrats are hungry for a victory" - This turn has a figurative meaning as the word "hungry" is used metaphorically to convey the strong desire for success, rather than a physical hunger for food.

turn 3 : Plan A" - The literal meaning of Plan A is the primary plan or strategy for achieving a particular goal. However, in this context, it implies the shared strategy of both campaigns to win the first four states and avoid personnel shortages, indicating the high stakes of the early primary elections.


Sherrilyn, are you with us?

I am.

OK.  Any sign of polling difficulties that were out of the ordinary in a way that prevented people from having their say?

Well I think it's going to interesting to see what we learn over the next few days. In many ways because people were caught up in the euphoria of this election. I think some of the information is going to drip in.

turn 3 : This implies that there is another event coming up soon, not just asking for information.

turn 3 : a little foggy implies that the people do not have exact information

turn 3 : The information was told to others when it was not supposed to be told.

turn 3 :  implies that you should be mindful of the information you hear and stay informed.

turn 3 : Information "dripping in" implies that some information will become available slowly over the near future.


And, of course, it's irresistible to point out Franklin Roosevelt, who, as you rightly point out, is considered one of our greatest presidents, still put Japanese-American citizens in internment camps. Lincoln, our greatest president by universal acclamation, crushed civil liberties in many areas to prosecute the war. Are you just focusing on what Buchanan did wrong?

Look, nobody's perfect, of course. And, of course, one of the things I like to point out in the book is that Buchanan had some good traits, too. He wasn't just some evil jerk. He was the greatest party giver in mid-19th century America. He - even though he hated Douglas, there's nothing I could find in any of his papers where he bad-mouthed anybody.

He was a very civil guy. And so people liked him. So that's a plus, I would say. But his negatives was he had no knowledge of how to lead in any case. He waffled when we really needed him - the lead-up to the Civil War. And this was a really crucial time. And he really blew it.

Robert Strauss - his book, "Worst. President. Ever. "Thanks so much for being with us.

turn 0 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer

turn 0 : (1) has an implied meaning that is different from its literal meaning. The literal meaning is that the speaker is asking if there is any sign of improvement in the situation being discussed, but the implied meaning is that the situation is bad and the speaker is hoping for some positive news or indication that things will get better.

turn 0 : The behavior was unacceptable to what the people would accept.

turn 0 : (1) The actual meaning of turn (1) is different from its literal meaning, as it implies that the speaker is ready to defend their state against any legal challenges from the Trump administration and has a track record of success in litigation against them, indicating a confident and confrontational approach.

turn 0 : (1) Implied meaning: Are you suggesting that despite the good things Franklin Roosevelt and Abraham Lincoln did, they were still wrong for certain actions?


turn 2 : 3) Implied meaning: If Buchanan had supported Douglas, Lincoln would not have become president, but he would have been successful in some other way.

turn 2 : James Buchanan had an impressive career in politics and government.

turn 2 : (3) Implied meaning: Despite the fact that Buchanan was liked for his civility, he was still an ineffective leader and failed to take action in a crucial moment.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker might be implying a hidden agenda or ulterior motive behind their words, actions, or decisions, without making it explicit.

turn 2 : Implied meaning for turn (3): The questioner assumes that the speaker decided to support Donald Trump based on something he said, but the speaker clarifies that his decision was based on Trump's track record of job creation, as well as input from other people involved in the election.


Fungus Blues - I love it.

Fungus Blues.

And they fell in love. And, you know, my dad, he was trying to find another way of living other than the one that he was in.

(Singing) Hustle was your middle name when you were a young man.

What was it about his current way of living at the time that was dissatisfying?

turn 3 : The turn with an actual meaning different from its literal meaning is (4) "Don't try this - well, he tried it at home, I guess." This statement is a sarcastic remark that implies that the speaker thinks the project the 18-year-old completed is difficult or dangerous and that the listener should not attempt it. However, the speaker acknowledges that the 18-year-old had the audacity to try it anyway.

turn 3 : Turn (3) is an example of a statement whose meaning is different from its literal meaning. The speaker is not actually asking about the ages of the women, but rather expressing surprise or concern about how young some of them were.

turn 3 :  I'm the youngest of six, which is hard to be sometimes, because you get bossed around by everybody in the house.

turn 3 : This statement implies that the best time to hustle is at a younger age

turn 3 : Gambling was just a fun activity with friends at age 12.


Fungus Blues - I love it.

Fungus Blues.

turn 4 : The turn with an actual meaning different from its literal meaning is (4) "Don't try this - well, he tried it at home, I guess." This statement is a sarcastic remark that implies that the speaker thinks the project the 18-year-old completed is difficult or dangerous and that the listener should not attempt it. However, the speaker acknowledges that the 18-year-old had the audacity to try it anyway.

turn 4 : The literal meaning of (4) is that Tracy Letts watched his family suffer when he was 10 years old, but the implied meaning is that the experience had a lasting effect on him and shaped his life and art.

turn 4 : ‘Dad was just Dad at home’ refers to the children not seeing their father’s fame as affecting their relationship in any way - a separation of job and home life.

turn 4 : This statement implies that A's father is probably using his old age to hustle rather than to enjoy which he is not satisfied with.


I'm Farai Chideya and this is News & Notes.

Condoleezza Rice holds historic talks with Libya's Moammar Gadhafi, and the South African president tries to get political rivals in Zimbabwe to reconcile. For that and more in our Africa Update, we've got Emira Woods, she is co-director of Foreign Policy in Focus at the Institute for Policy Studies. Hey, how are you doing?

Hey. So great to be in the same room with you.

I know, I get to do it every now and then. And every time I do, you're wearing an incredible tailored African outfit. One day we will have to take a picture and put it up on our newsandviews blog.

turn 1 : Emira Woods will give an update on Africa.

turn 1 : The situation in Somalia is not receiving the attention it deserves.

turn 1 : There will be significant concerns in the region moving forward.

turn 1 : In turn (3), Habib Koite talks about Africa as a continent that wants to change something and how everyone needs to think about giving the best future and hope to the young in Africa. The literal meaning of the turn is clear, but the implied meaning is that Habib Koite is advocating for a better future for Africa and its people, which is not explicitly stated in the turn.

turn 1 : There are a lot of things to see in Sudan, but the country lacks the necessary infrastructure to support tourism.


Would you ever consider - it sounds like you have in the past, but at this point, are you looking to find love, and at what - how would that have to fit into you already having a family?

Yeah, I think about that a lot. And that's really the lesson for me from this book is that I'm still an incurable romantic, but I'm now an incurable romantic about my kids.

A lot of the pressure that was on my relationships before has been relieved now because I know that I'm not going to grow old alone. As long as I can keep my kids loving me, I've got that part taken care of.

turn 0 : The speaker uses 'literally' in a figurative sense.

turn 0 : "Yeah, you're like daddy stubbed his toe. Go back to sleep."  This turn uses figurative language or idiomatic expressions, where "daddy stubbed his toe" means something went wrong or painful, but not necessarily related to an actual physical injury. It is not meant to be taken literally.

turn 0 : All the turns in this conversation appear to have their literal meanings, and there are no metaphors, figurative language or idioms used.

turn 0 : "the journalist in you kicks in" - This is an idiom that means the person's journalistic instincts or tendencies took over, rather than a literal physical action of someone kicking.

turn 0 : when someone says "he had no mean bone in his body" it means that the person was nice and kind


Is there a sense, though, that this really could happen anywhere?

I certainly have that sense. And I worry about it all the time. It's a little easier to control if they're in their home where they're typically at, whether that be the school or whether their home environment. But you're exactly right.

Were you surprised that this should come up now?I mean, is the world so different today than it was a year ago or two years ago that people feel the need to really hold the kids at home and keep them safe?

I'm not judging anyone. And if they feel that way, they feel that way. It's surprising to me. I've gone to Washington, D. C. , and I've taken all my kids. So it's - I think they feel like this is my responsibility as a parent. I'll do it. At least, I know my kids are safe. And it's not falling on the responsibility of people that are not their parents. So if that's their choice, I totally understand that.

turn 1 : Children need attention, guidance, and someone to listen to them, despite their environment.

turn 1 :  The statement implies that it's easier to manage the situation if the children are in a familiar environment.

turn 1 :  implies surprise that the potential for machines to reach human intelligence is a reality that children might have to consider.

turn 1 : The speaker is implying that kids are getting involved in stealing cars at a very young age.

turn 1 : This statement implies that the situation is unpredictable and confusing for many people.


(Laughter).

. . . And who he, Mr.  Trump, says are helping to rig the election with biased media coverage in any case?

Yeah. Well, yeah. I guess that - I guess we are definitely - us corrupt journalists are definitely the ones who are in the danger zone here. But the real problem here is - let's presume - and all the polls are pointing in this direction - Hillary Clinton wins. You know, we could be having. . .

But - which we don't presume when we cover the news.

turn 1 :  implies a question asking if the idea has been used in any other contexts.

turn 1 : example of a rhetorical question, which is used to make a point rather than to actually seek an answer.

turn 1 : not a literal meaning but rather a rhetorical question.

turn 1 : Implies a question as to whether the idea presented is correct.

turn 1 : Turn (2) has an actual meaning that is different from its literal meaning. The speaker is not discussing an attempt to physically move goalposts, but rather a rhetorical strategy of avoiding answering certain questions.


(Laughter).

turn 3 : B confirms that the president is a recent one and hints at Bill Clinton being the right answer.

turn 3 : implies that A has endorsed Hillary Clinton and believes she effectively addresses the issues.

turn 3 : 4) is that Hillary Clinton gave an impromptu news conference in Iowa, denying knowledge of the issue and demanding the FBI director release more information. Her allies also criticized the FBI's actions.  The implied meaning, however, is that Clinton and her allies are reacting to negative news about her campaign and attempting to deflect attention away from it. The language used suggests a degree of defensiveness and desperation, as they try to shift blame onto the FBI and portray the issue as a partisan attack by Donald Trump.

turn 3 : There is a possibility that the Trump administration may prosecute journalists.

turn 3 : This implies that B is pushing back against the idea that journalists presume Clinton will win and are biased in their coverage.


So what happened to the smell?Why doesn't the world smell like rotten eggs today?

Well, it's true that these bacteria are still active, and of course if you pass a blocked drain or something like that, you can see that smell, and it's exactly the same activity going on. Bacteria are eating other things, eating algae, eating other bacteria. And the reason you don't smell it is because the creatures that were living at the surface, the fossils that we first saw, were producing oxygen by photosynthesis.

And that oxygen has now built up to such a level that it destroys the hydrogen sulfide. So it doesn't normally get up into the atmosphere. You don't notice it very much. So that's probably the reason, really - there's too much oxygen, or it's being consumed by other kinds of bacteria a little bit further up the food chain.

Do we humans have similar bacteria living in our guts?We talk a lot about the human biome a lot on this program.

turn 0 : The phrase "the most vegetal thing" in turn (1) is a metaphorical expression that means the smell is very fresh and green, like a vegetable, rather than literally smelling like a vegetable.

turn 0 : Toilet seats and pillowcases have more microbes than we think.

turn 0 : It is not that is something to be tasted. It is something people don't like to hear about.

turn 0 : smell like rotten eggs is about bacteria smell

turn 0 : not literally produced or created in a lab, but emissions are a by-product of the human's food waste


So tell me about this painting. Maybe take us back to 1982, when he was painting it at 21 years old, a few years before he died of a heroin overdose at 27.

It's 1981, 1982. You have this 21-year-old artist having their debut in New York, and it goes off like an atomic bomb. Basquiat, of course, is probably the only artist of color involved in any part of the art world at that time, and he was a spectacle to behold. I saw him on the streets of New York, and he truly was what he was called - a radiant child.

He's of Haitian and Puerto Rican descent. He's been called America's Van Gogh. Talk about his importance to the art world.

Basquiat is an extraordinary example of taking his own identity growing up as a black man in New York, combining it with art history via a lot of expressionistic wild-style painting where every single inch of the surface is activated and coming at you with optical power aggressively so, really hard.

turn 1 : The remark had racial undertones because of his skin color

turn 1 : Basquiat faced discrimination due to his race in the art world, and his success was groundbreaking for artists of color.

turn 1 : A faced racism from both white and black people due to his behavior and interests not aligning with stereotypes of his skin color.

turn 1 : She was able to rise above her difficult circumstances and become a successful artist despite her hardships.


Well, I think the Senate has this advise and consent role. They have a constitutional duty to vet judges. The way that's principally done is by asking hard questions about how judges think about the law. There's a lot of yardage between saying, how are you going to rule in that DACA case?That would be inappropriate. There's something entirely different about saying, I'm trying to get a sense of how you think about your job and how you think about doctrines. So tell me a little bit about cases, particularly cases that are kind of set in amber.

If cases like Brown v.  Board are set in amber, what's the value of even asking the question?

Well, that is the right question. And I think there's a cynical answer, which is, look; it's just performance art, right?I think it's probably worth the caveat that if that's the case, if this was just always what we did, then there's some signaling - an important signaling - when you suddenly decline to do it.

Do you have any reason that any of these nominees that have evaded the question of Brown v.  Board being correctly decided - do you have any reason to believe that they would be in support of overturning Brown v.  Board?

turn 2 : the literal meaning implies that B is asking for forgiveness from the Senator. However, the implied meaning is that B wants to interject or interrupt the conversation, acknowledging the potential interruption in a polite manner.

turn 2 : The actual meaning of (3) is that many people wrongly assume that suspects will remain silent when questioned, when in fact they rarely do.

turn 2 : The actual meaning of the turn in (3) is that if the Senate only performs a ritual of asking hard questions without any intention to actually vet the judges, then declining to do that ritual is an important signal.

turn 2 : (2) The literal meaning of this turn is a simple question, but the implied meaning is that the speaker wants to know what actions can be taken to address the issue being discussed and is seeking guidance or suggestions.


Hi, David.

They are accusing the Vatican of some very serious things there, it sounds like. Tell me more about what prompted this.

Well, the Women Church World is the monthly supplement to the official Vatican daily L'Osservatore Romano. Lucetta Scaraffia created it seven years ago. In her final editorial, she said the new editor of the main Vatican daily who arrived in December had published articles in the main paper that were in contrast with the supplement's editorial line. And then she wrote an open letter to Pope Francis, saying, we are throwing in the towel because we feel surrounded by a climate of distrust and progressive delegitimization. She added, it seems there's a return to the antiquated and arid custom of choosing women considered trustworthy from on-high, under the direct control of men. But the new editor of the L'Osservatore Romano, Andrea Monda, denied the charges that he'd tried to interfere in the women's supplement.

What more should we know about the founder of this magazine who's speaking out here?

turn 2 : none
turn 2 : none
turn 2 : none
turn 2 : none
turn 2 : none


Before the pardon, he was thinking about working through the Justice Department to help Arpaio off. And this was not because, necessarily, the merits of the case. The Washington Post reports that this was because the president saw Arpaio as an ally, a loyalist who needed to be protected.

You mentioned Congress comes back after Labor Day. Do you think Republicans go it alone and maybe pass what laws they want and then send them up to President Trump for his signature at this point?

When it comes to tax reform, Congress will take the lead. The White House is not trying to outline the details. Look for Congress to try to set where the rates are on corporations and on individuals and just try to get the president to sign it so he can maybe get a victory. That's what they've been seeking in Congress. They weren't able to get health care through. They're going to try to get a simple tax care package through.

Robert Costa is national political reporter for The Washington Post. Robert, thanks a lot.

turn 0 : All the turns in this conversation appear to have their literal meanings, and there are no metaphors, figurative language or idioms used.

turn 0 : There are no turns in this dialogue whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings. All the turns are straightforward and do not contain any figurative language or idiomatic expressions.

turn 0 : There are no turns in the given conversation that have a meaning different from their literal meanings. All the turns convey their literal meanings without any implied or figurative language.

turn 0 : None of the turns in this conversation have a figurative or non-literal meaning.

turn 0 : None of the turns in this conversation have implied meanings different from their literal meanings.


turn 1 : There are no turns in the given conversation that have a meaning different from their literal meanings. All the turns convey their literal meanings without any implied or figurative language.

turn 1 : All the turns in this conversation appear to have their literal meanings, and there are no metaphors, figurative language or idioms used.

turn 1 : There are no turns in this conversation whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings. All of the turns are being used in a straightforward and literal manner.

turn 1 : There are no turns in this conversation.whose actual meaniniNG are different from their literal meanings .All of the turns are being used in a straightforward and litreal meanings


If someone's going to walk into a synagogue, as they did in Tree of Life, and murder Jews at prayer, there's a good chance, you know, given gun violence in this country and who it's coming from in this particular moment, that that person's going to be a white supremacist. But that doesn't mean that I shouldn't worry about, for example, at the University of Virginia, Jewish students being prevented from joining a minority student coalition to fight white supremacy because they were smeared themselves as white supremacists for supporting the state of Israel. I'm worried about that, too.

Are you conflating people who are opposed to Israeli policy towards Palestinians with anti-Semitism?

I'm not. I myself am deeply opposed to the occupation of the Palestinian people. I believe that they have an indigenous right and claim to the land. And I'm on the record in many columns in the Times as being very opposed to various policies of the Netanyahu government, and I was cheered by the election this past week.

What I am opposed to is an ideological movement that insists that only one nation-state in the world doesn't have the right to exist, and that that nation-state is home to the largest Jewish community on planet Earth.

turn 0 : None . There's nothing in this that implies anything.


To tell you the truth. On my part it was such a rarity that even I had not thought about the unassisted part of the play. I realized at the time that it was a triple play. You know, it was all three outs, but had never really thought about the unassisted part because it was such a rarity that no one ever really talked about them.

Ron, was that moment it for you in your baseball career?Is that - what could be better than that?

Well, there were some real good things that happened to me in my career. I had a fairly long career. I played in the major leagues for almost 15 years so - but I was "Rookie of the Year" in 1960 and that was. . .

That's pretty good.

turn 1 : (1) Implied meaning: The speaker's interest in baseball history was sparked by his grandfather's stories about the Brooklyn Dodgers and a player named Pete Reiser, who was considered by his grandfather to be one of the best ballplayers ever despite not being well-known.

turn 1 : (2) Implied meaning: The speaker is acknowledging that while some people consider Pete Reiser to be one of the greatest ballplayers of all time, his career was plagued by multiple collisions with outfield walls, which may have prevented him from achieving even greater success.

turn 1 : (2) Implied meaning: Was that the highlight of your baseball career?

turn 1 : The catcher is tough and plays a crucial role in the pitcher's success.


Well, popularity is very important. The outdoor world needs more visitors and better accessibility. The difficulty with managing that side of it is that construction can have adverse effects to the natural areas if you start doing different buildings and that sort of thing on top of it, but yes.

Is this an anomaly, though, when we're talking just about Horseshoe Bend or have you seen other spaces that have changed?

I have. A smaller one in Colorado is Conundrum Hot Springs. After it became a spot for people to easily find on social media, the amount of visitorship (ph) went up really high. And since this is a very remote location where people kind of hang around for a long time in the hot springs, they ran out of places to go to the bathroom. As a result, Conundrum Hot Springs had to be shut down for a little bit while park rangers were up there with shovels to relieve that issue.

Meaning they were building bathrooms because people were just, like, basically. . .

turn 0 : Taking a hit means by having the popularity be less recognizable.

turn 0 : "the outdoor world needs more visitors" - this means that more people should visit natural outdoor areas.

turn 0 : (1) is that people have become inactive or lacking in energy, and the speaker is suggesting that there are significant problems that need to be addressed in the city. However, the implied meaning is that people have become desensitized or accustomed to these problems, and the journalist should not make broad generalizations about the city without considering the struggles of its residents.

turn 0 : "You can almost pick it up and put it in any city around the world and it would become synonymous with that city." - This turn means that tall buildings are often designed in a similar way regardless of their location, and therefore lack a unique connection to the specific environment or culture of a place.

turn 0 : Popularity is important for the outdoor world, but it can have negative effects on natural areas.


turn 2 : It is a bad idea either way for the social media companies.

turn 2 : "the outdoor world needs more visitors" - this means that more people should visit natural outdoor areas.

turn 2 : The availability of technology is causing more people to become addicted to activities they might avoid.

turn 2 : Social media can significantly increase the number of visitors to remote locations, causing issues with facilities.

turn 2 : Online traffic and opinions are high during the convention.


turn 3 : They like to live in holes of things such as pots and the ground.

turn 3 : (3) Had a mandatory evacuation been ordered, they would have had to evacuate the hospitals.

turn 3 : People were determined and enthusiastic despite the late hour and lack of parking.

turn 3 : The park rangers had to build bathrooms at Conundrum Hot Springs because of the high number of visitors.

turn 3 : (4) Implied meaning: The new stadiums are trying to recreate a similar atmosphere as the old Wrigley Field which was an intimate stadium.


This sounds pretty controversial and like something we want to hear about.

Yeah, it sounds really futuristic, doesn't it?

It does. It does. Let's start with the basics, though. When we say scientists want to synthesize genetic codes of living organisms - that's a big mouthful - including humans, what do we mean exactly?

Yeah. So you know, scientists know how to read the genetic code. What they want to do now is what they call write the genetic code, write DNA. And what that means is they essentially want to assemble or manufacture genomes from the chemical building blocks it's made of for all kinds of living organisms, including, as you said, people. And they want to be able do it in their labs quickly, efficiently and cheaply so it becomes something really practical and easy to do.

turn 1 : The speaker is implying that the future is arriving faster than expected.

turn 1 : A is discussing a scientific concept or discovery with B.

turn 1 : A is implying that the topic is something that is futuristic, or ahead of its time.

turn 1 : The speaker is suggesting that there may be a hidden agenda or underlying motive behind their words.

turn 1 :  implies a question asking if the idea has been used in any other contexts.


turn 1 : The speaker is expressing amusement at the idea of the future being here.

turn 1 : The speaker believes in the science of climate change and will not compromise on evidence-based reality, but thinks the conversation needs to be framed differently

turn 1 :  "Yeah, it sounds really futuristic, doesn't it?" Implicated meaning: The speaker believes that the topic being discussed sounds like it belongs in the future.


A controversial memo by House intelligence committee Chairman Devin Nunes is out, and the spin is on. Most Republicans say the memo demonstrates bias and abuse at the FBI. Democrats say it's a malicious and misleading effort to undermine the investigation of the special counsel Robert Mueller. Ron Elving, senior editor and correspondent on the Washington Desk, joins us. Ron, thanks so much for being with us.

Good morning, Scott.

How do you characterize it?

Well, I'd call it a political document. It's meant to be catnip for people who want to believe that this whole business about Russian interference and collusion with elements of the Trump campaign is somehow bogus and can somehow just be made to go away. Now, the memo itself says that the FBI tried to get warrants to spy on Carter Page, who was an American citizen who advised the Trump campaign on foreign policy and that it based that bid on a dossier prepared by a British spy and paid for by Democrats.

Now, the memo leaves out a lot of facts about that dossier, but the most important thing is that the memo itself makes clear that the FBI had reasons to look at Carter Page all the way back to 2013 and other reasons to be looking at ties between Russian agents and the Trump campaign involving other people quite apart from the dossier. So the accusations of anti-Trump bias as the motive for the investigation at its very beginning are undercut by parts of the memo itself.

So more bluster than bite?

turn 3 : Cat called means to have mean loudly say sexual things to you in front of others.

turn 3 : "catnip" - figurative language meaning something that is appealing or attractive to a particular group

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker's use of a certain word or phrase may have a hidden connotation or subtext that is meant to convey a particular idea or message, such as irony or euphemism.

turn 3 :  (4), the speaker is commenting on something that is described as "very pretty." The literal meaning of the turn is that the speaker finds the thing being referred to visually attractive. However, the implied meaning of the turn is unclear and could depend on the context of the conversation. The turn could be a sincere expression of admiration, or it could be a polite or perfunctory comment that does not reflect the speaker's true feelings. Alternatively, the turn could be sarcastic or ironic, indicating that the speaker does not actually find the thing being referred to as attractive as it may seem.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker's choice of language or communication style may reflect their level of education, social status, or personal values, and may carry additional implications or associations beyond the literal meaning of their words.


But with the war on women that we are experiencing all around us, the fear, and it's very real, is that when Roe falls, those enjoined provisions would rise like zombie laws and come into effect. So we really had to clean those out of our statutes and ensure that there's a firewall around Illinois that protects women's reproductive health here in Illinois.

The Reproductive Health Act says fertilized eggs, embryos and fetuses don't have independent rights. Now, opponents of abortion rights in Illinois and elsewhere, as you know, might look at this bill and say, where do you draw the line on when a fetus counts as a person, or do you?

Courts over the years have actually spoken directly to this. Without that provision, without that distinction, there is a risk that a fetus and a woman would be cast as adversaries from the very beginning of pregnancy. And so it's important that there be those protections so that a woman can carry out a pregnancy making her own independent health decisions, whether that is carrying a pregnancy to term or not. So that was one of the pieces that I think folks had trouble understanding.

When you say that this law is intended to create a firewall around the state, do you think that this is where things are headed - where certain states will allow access to abortions and other states simply won't?

turn 0 : Men should not have a say in women's issues and rights

turn 0 : the war on women meaning that the government is trying to tell a woman what she can and cannot do with her body.

turn 0 : Some women joined the force due to domestic violence

turn 0 : A: "stepping into a different version of, you know, women's rights feminist icon" - This turn is figurative language as it refers to the author's personal transformation into a prominent feminist icon rather than actually stepping into a different version of herself.

turn 0 : The women wanted to wear a male tie and pencil skirt, which is unusual for women's clothing.


Thank you for having me with you.

So, let's start with what exactly they are.

Okay. Fibroids are non-cancerous tumors. They're growth of muscle within the uterine wall. And sometimes they can be the size of a dime, and because of their location, they give you severe symptoms. And rarely, they can get to be the size of a basketball before they're recognized.

That's sounds pretty horrific.

It can be. It's amazing how much difficulty they can give to women that, in general, women can have severe menstrual bleeding - the kind of bleeding that keeps you home from work or keeps you from being able to do your daily activities - or they can press on a lot body structures. And they are very common, and it's surprising that so few women know that they have fibroids and that their symptoms may be related to them.

Now, research shows that about 25 percent of women in America are going to show some symptoms of fibroids, but they occur a lot more often in black women than white women. How much more often and why do scientists think that is?

turn 0 : "Thank you" - The literal meaning is an expression of gratitude or appreciation.

turn 0 : Thank you for having me with you. Implicated meaning: Expressing gratitude for the invitation or hospitality.

turn 0 : Expressing gratitude for the invitation and glad to be here.

turn 0 : "Thank you" is a polite expression of gratitude. Its meaning is literal and straightforward.

turn 0 : "Welcome.Thank you so much for coming." - The actual meaning is the same as the literal meaning. The intended meaning is a genuine welcome and appreciation for the guest's presence.


Thank you for having me with you.

That's sounds pretty horrific.

turn 1 : So, let's start with what exactly they are. Implicated meaning: Initiating a conversation or discussion on a specific topic.

turn 1 : Implicated meaning: The speaker is expressing a desire to create a character in their book who is strong and believable, rather than simply creating a character who is physically strong. The implied meaning is that the speaker values depth and authenticity in their character portrayal, rather than creating a one-dimensional, superficial character.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker is hinting at an underlying issue or concern that they are not comfortable discussing directly.

turn 1 : The speaker is suggesting that there may be a hidden agenda or underlying motive behind their words.


Thank you for having me with you.

That's sounds pretty horrific.

turn 2 : This is a figurative expression that describes the appearance of an early-stage embryo.

turn 2 : It is different than what most people would imagine a blob to be.

turn 2 : The implied meaning of turn (1) is that engaging in strenuous exercise leads to changes in DNA that enable the production of specific proteins necessary for muscle growth and metabolism. It implies that the process of muscle growth involves more than just physical strain.

turn 2 : Fibroids are non-cancerous tumors. They're growth of muscle within the uterine wall. And sometimes they can be the size of a dime, and because of their location, they give you severe symptoms. And rarely, they can get to be the size of a basketball before they're recognized. Implicated meaning: Providing information about fibroids, their size, and symptoms.


Thank you for having me with you.

That's sounds pretty horrific.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be suggesting that there are some hidden or unknown factors that could influence the situation being discussed.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: Amused disbelief at the sudden change in the status quo.

turn 3 : Turn (3) describes the discovery of clues that led to the unraveling of the scandal, which is consistent with its literal meaning.

turn 3 :  can be interpreted as a way to ask for an explanation for the sudden increase in homicides, not just a question about what has happened.

turn 3 : That's sounds pretty horrific. Implicated meaning: Expressing shock or surprise at the information provided about fibroids.


Thank you for having me with you.

That's sounds pretty horrific.

turn 4 : And I think as women are busy in the workforce and doing more activities with their family and working that the benefit of minimally invasive treatments is really evident." - The actual meaning is that because women are busy with work and family, they need treatments that are less invasive and have a shorter recovery time.

turn 4 : It can be. It's amazing how much difficulty they can give to women that, in general, women can have severe menstrual bleeding - the kind of bleeding that keeps you home from work or keeps you from being able to do your daily activities - or they can press on a lot body structures. And they are very common, and it's surprising that so few women know that they have fibroids and that their symptoms may be related to them. Implicated meaning: Providing additional information about the severity of symptoms associated with fibroids and expressing surprise about the lack of awareness among women about their condition.

turn 4 : Diseases are not breaking out but might begin to happen due to the situation.

turn 4 : Women are vulnerable due to lack of privacy and basic necessities


Thank you for having me with you.

That's sounds pretty horrific.

turn 5 : Amyloid is likely to be a major cause of alzehiemer's but not the only cause.

turn 5 : Diseases are not breaking out but might begin to happen due to the situation.

turn 5 : Now, research shows that about 25 percent of women in America are going to show some symptoms of fibroids, but they occur a lot more often in black women than white women. How much more often and why do scientists think that is? Implicated meaning: Asking for information about the higher incidence of fibroids in black women and the reasons behind it.

turn 5 : And I think as women are busy in the workforce and doing more activities with their family and working that the benefit of minimally invasive treatments is really evident." - The actual meaning is that because women are busy with work and family, they need treatments that are less invasive and have a shorter recovery time.


Well, Freedom Caucus has 40 votes. There are more than 200 House Republicans. Shouldn't you compromise with them?

Well, sure, and we're more than happy to. The way this will end up is that we will end up with a speaker that all of us support. It may be Paul Ryan. It may be somebody else. But keep in mind that the things that we're arguing for are things that most people in the conference want. One of the things that struck me since we started this debate I guess about two weeks ago now are the number of moderates and centrists in my party who have said to me, you know what?

We want the same thing. We're frustrated with this lack of process. We're frustrated with just being a rubberstamp for somebody else's idea. And I think that's why you're seeing such a difficult time replacing Mr.  Boehner is that this lack of satisfaction with the job, the lack of satisfaction with what it means to be a member of Congress runs much, much deeper than just the conservative wing of the party.

So the way you explain it, this isn't over conservative principles. It's over mundane House rules.

turn 1 : the speaker says "we're more than happy to compromise with them" but in reality, there is no indication of compromise being made or even attempted. It is more of a rhetorical statement aimed at making the speaker appear reasonable.

turn 1 : (3) "Do you see room for compromise there" - This phrase implies that there is potential for the two sides to come to an agreement.

turn 1 : The House is not willing to compromise, even on their own plan.

turn 1 : Republicans need to compromise and negotiate instead of trying to get everything they want.


turn 2 : The candidate had something troubling in their past.

turn 2 : A believes that George Bush would want to avoid political discussions and focus on a more positive conversation.

turn 2 : the speaker suggests that the difficulty in replacing Mr. Boehner is due to a deeper dissatisfaction with the job and what it means to be a member of Congress. The actual meaning is that the conservative wing of the party is pushing for a more hardline approach on conservative principles, which is making it difficult to find a consensus candidate.

turn 2 :  This turn actually means that the speaker is more concerned with the alternative (Hillary Clinton, Barack Obama, or Bernie Sanders) than with a "Never Trump" attitude, and that it is important for the country and party to come together despite any reservations about Trump.


You want to cook them until you see a little red in the butter. It's changing.

Next - chopped tomatoes. Once the tomatoes get juicy, he tosses in the greens. They've already been boiled in plain water.

If you look at the greens, they're not cooked to death. I want them to have a little bit of character, so we'll add the greens.

Everything is about the sauce. You create that flavor, then I can put collard greens in here. I can put any green I want 'cause the base is really, really good.

turn 3 : "Lashkari has applied that to the dishes he serves... His signature chicken curry, cooked in huge metal pots in his sweltering, fragrant kitchen, is made with Mexican tomatillos and cilantro. It's incredibly delicious. And we ate that along with the best saag paneer, a spinach and cheese dish, that I have ever tasted."  The actual meaning of this turn is different from its literal meaning. The speaker is not simply describing the food and its taste, but also highlighting the diversity and cultural fusion that has contributed to Houston's unique culinary scene.

turn 3 : "And finally - homemade chicken stock to finish out the sauce, which I call pot liquor." - The actual meaning of this turn is the same as its literal meaning. The speaker is adding homemade chicken stock to the sauce to enhance its flavor and texture, and refers to the sauce as "pot liquor".

turn 3 : Implicated meaning: The descriptions used in the wine tasting group were incredibly imaginative and evocative, to the point where they seemed like mystical incantations or enchantments found in a Wiccan book of love spells. It implies that the language used to describe the flavors and aromas of wine can be poetic, enchanting, and highly creative, going beyond literal descriptions.

turn 3 : The actual meaning: The food/drink is delicious. Implied meaning: The speaker is indicating that they are uncertain about the accuracy of their statement. However, the use of the phrase "I'm just making stuff up" implies that the speaker may be exaggerating or not entirely serious about their comment. Despite that, they still express that the food/drink is very tasty by saying "it's really yum."


So for a couple years now, Topps has had an app - say it ain't so - for baseball card-collecting and trading cards. These are virtual cards, not the cardboard ones that come with a stick of gum. I mean, it's called a Bunt, and you've tried it out. Tell us what you think.

Oh, it does - I should point out the packs do come with a stick of gum. It's just a virtual stick of gum.

Don't try to chew that gum.

No, that's what I was (laughter) - the whole thing is basically just an exercise in using your imagination, if you're old enough that you need to imagine for this stuff. If you're 13 to 25, which is, like - 80 percent of the Bunt users are - then I don't imagine there's anything weird about a piece of virtual gum showing up on your phone, exploding and then turning into baseball cards.

Well, it's been around for a while. I mean, can Topps call Bunt a success?

turn 2 : Not sure what the belly button reference means exactly (it refers to the earlier discussion), but it isn't literal. It's a joke.

turn 2 : "Don't try to chew that gum" has a figurative meaning. It is a warning or joke to not try to interact with the virtual gum as if it were real gum.

turn 2 : Fighting tooth and nail is a figurative expression. Here it means they are doing what they can (fighting, but not physically) to avoid calling their workers employees.

turn 2 : (3) is a sign of amusement, indicating the speaker was laughing at the metaphor.

turn 2 : The literal meaning suggests that Todd taught A not to scream and not to pay the employees. However, the actual meaning is that A learned from Todd's mistakes and did not engage in those behaviors.


Don't try to chew that gum.

turn 3 : "leapt into the public imagination" - This phrase means that something has become popular, but it does not literally mean that people have started imagining things.

turn 3 : to imagine something in this context means something was unbelievable to the person but it still happened

turn 3 : to imagine something in this context means to think that something was right, but they might be wrong

turn 3 : tossed around refers to putting ideas out there without much thought

turn 3 : "an exercise in using your imagination" has a figurative meaning. It means that the app requires the user to use their imagination to enjoy the experience, rather than relying solely on the physical aspects of collecting and trading baseball cards.


Don't try to chew that gum.

turn 4 : In this turn, the speaker is not just providing a definition of success but also implying that the program is already showing signs of success by highlighting the increase in tips and information received.

turn 4 : "can Topps call Bunt a success?" has a figurative meaning. It is asking whether the app has been successful in terms of popularity and user engagement, rather than whether it literally has the legal right to be called a "success".

turn 4 :  "narrative of success" is a phrase that means a story or interpretation of events that presents oneself or one's country in a positive light. It does not refer to a literal story or book.

turn 4 :  "I'm a big believer that success in corporate America, that performance really accounts for 50 percent of that" - The literal meaning is that performance is half of what determines success, but the actual meaning is that performance is important, but not the only factor, in determining success.


Well, I've read that you just - you know, you loved tinkering with cars from the time you were a teenager.

Yeah, ever since my dad can remember. He said I must've been about 4 or 5 years old, and there was somebody in the neighborhood working on the car. I was usually standing on the bumper, under the hood and pointing at things and wondering what things were and sometimes even giving my own opinion of what I thought was going on.

So from your teens into your 40s, you become an increasingly successful auto repair entrepreneur and businessman. What makes you, in your 40s, wind up in medical school?

I really wanted to grow the business or - I didn't really know exactly which direction I wanted to go into, but I felt like I needed some foundational training in business if I were to do this correctly. So I ended up checking out some local colleges to see who had a degree program and came across Ursuline College in Pepper Pike.

turn 0 : The person loved working on cars from the time they were a teenager.

turn 0 : People want to work hard for things.

turn 0 : The person has no regrets about the way they have lived their life.

turn 0 : The pieces mean memories of the person's childhood that they were able to make sense of.

turn 0 : Kids like to learn about everything and they are always questioning what they see.


So having become an overnight success after what 35, 40 years of writing poetry, you've also gotten opportunities. Tell us a little bit about "At War With Ourselves. "

Oh, my goodness. Well. . .

. . . I was sitting in my car one day, and I got a phone call from the University of Maryland. And they were - they are one of the four schools that has been chosen to celebrate the sesquicentennial end of the Civil War. And the call - the caller told me that they had already commissioned the Kronos Quartet to be a part of this celebration and that they also wanted to invite the amazing musician Terence Blanchard and Nikky Finney to be a part of whatever we were going to create to honor the end of the Civil War, and would I be interested in joining this band of beautiful musicians.

And I forgot that the windows were rolled up in the car and I, you know, the temperature went from - I don't know - 90 to 130. And I just raised my hand to the opportunity.

turn 0 : The success came quickly with one book after writing for many years.

turn 0 : She wanted the book to be written for the world to read. Many writers do not have their work published on a large enough scale for a large number of people to read it.  The literary world is the people that work in writing and publishing written work.

turn 0 : Not "everybody" was obsessed with Chernow's book. This is an exaggeration, but is meant to convey that the book was popular.

turn 0 : This implies that the book has potential benefits over time, but it may not have widespread appeal and may only appeal to a small or specific audience.

turn 0 : The story was told to people and many became aware of it.


If that was the concern initially, I've never heard it expressed in recent years. There are now so many people who have gotten out, and their stories have been corroborated by, you know, so many of these different people who've escaped that it's, you know, North Korea is as bad as they say, and perhaps even worse.

But, you know, I would like to say that the stories are also inspiring. You hear these terrible things, and sometimes I go to sleep at night thinking about the horrible stories I'd heard about life in North Korea. But at the same time, it's very positive to think that after six decades of totalitarian repression, there are people who are still longing for freedom and have the courage to go after it.

Yet it raises the question of the many more who are still inside that hell on Earth.

Indeed. And the 24,000, 25,000 who have gotten out are a drop in the bucket when you consider there are still 25 million people enslaved in North Korea. However, the North Koreans who escape are small in number, but they have provided a huge service, two ways. One is that they've educated all of us about the reality of life in North Korea. Nobody can say today that we didn't know. We now know about the gulag. We know about the way the government uses food as a political tool. We know all of this.

turn 2 : None of the words or phrases in this turn have a figurative meaning. It is a straightforward statement about the print media in North Korea continuing to praise the leader, despite his absence, and how his father had also disappeared from public view at times.

turn 2 :  (2) Implied meaning: The US is in a difficult situation with North Korea and Russia, and the president's actions have made it even more difficult.

turn 2 : In turn (4), the literal meaning is that North Korea's nuclear capabilities are something to be reckoned with and the speaker is asking why we shouldn't be concerned about this one move. However, the actual meaning is that the speaker is asking for an explanation as to why the reassembling of the site should not be a cause for concern, despite the fact that North Korea's nuclear capabilities are usually considered a threat.

turn 2 : In this turn, the speaker suggests that people should not be too alarmed about North Korea reassembling certain sites related to their nuclear program. The literal meaning of the words suggests that people should not be worried about these sites because they are outdated and not worth much. However, the implied meaning is that people should not be too concerned about North Korea's actions because the sites are not critical to their nuclear capabilities, and because North Korea may have already been working on them before the summit talks fell apart.

turn 2 :  Even though the conversation is centered on the North Koreans who have escaped, turn (3) highlights the fact that there are still millions of people living under the oppressive regime in North Korea, and their plight should not be overlooked or forgotten.


turn 3 :  implies that Kim Jong Un is either ill or has lost power,

turn 3 : The situation in Pyongyang is extremely unclear and difficult to understand

turn 3 : The literal meaning of (4) is asking what North Korea wants to achieve with nuclear weapons. The implicated meaning is questioning why North Korea wants nuclear weapons in the first place.

turn 3 : The statement implies that despite the small number of North Koreans who have escaped, they have provided valuable information about the reality of life in North Korea.

turn 3 : In turn (4), the literal meaning is that North Korea's nuclear capabilities are something to be reckoned with and the speaker is asking why we shouldn't be concerned about this one move. However, the actual meaning is that the speaker is asking for an explanation as to why the reassembling of the site should not be a cause for concern, despite the fact that North Korea's nuclear capabilities are usually considered a threat.


Then we got a letter yesterday about the discussion we had about multi-racial identities in America. Charles Johnson in Cary, North Carolina gave us this perspective: At some point in talking about racial identity, when do we mention that all people, according to the latest research, we are all Africans, whether you call yourself European, Asian, et cetera. The research shows we all have a common African gene.

And finally, we got a few letters about a segment we did last week called Race and Privilege in an Age of Obama. Paul Gustman(ph) in Miami, Florida wrote us this: Your guest infuriated me by first calling America a place of white supremacy, and then saying that a dialogue was needed between the races. Maybe the gift of Barack Obama is that he avoids the accusatory code words that may feel cathartic to utter, but do nothing to further inter-racial understanding and acceptance.

And that's it for letters. Thanks for writing, and please keep your comments coming.

And here's how you can exercise your right to vote - your vote on what we're doing online, that is. Go to our program page at nprnewsandnotes. org and click on a segment. Then click on the Comments link and give us your thoughts.

turn 0 : black kids implies children of African American people and not black colored kids

turn 0 : A person wants to identify as cool, American black instead of African-American despite not being from Africa.

turn 0 : White people are not held to the same standards as people of color when it comes to achieving success.

turn 0 : A faced racism from both white and black people due to his behavior and interests not aligning with stereotypes of his skin color.

turn 0 : Despite our racial differences, we are all genetically African.