. . . a guinea fowl on the treadmill.

So that's - this is like - I'm already. . .

Another day at the office.

Exactly. It's like I can tell that I'm in a special place right from the beginning, and that's just the tip of the iceberg. They have an emu and they happened to have a day-old goat. A baby goat was born the day before. It's totally bucolic.

turn 3 : (4) - Implied meaning: People were encouraged to enjoy the outdoors and take in the beauty of nature

turn 3 : In turn (4), the speaker is expressing admiration for a place they are visiting, specifically highlighting the presence of an emu and a day-old goat. The literal meaning of the turn is that the speaker finds the place charming and enjoys the presence of the animals. However, the implied meaning of the turn is that the speaker may be easily impressed or may have a naive or idealized view of rural life. The use of the word "bucolic" suggests a romanticized view of the countryside, and the excitement over the presence of relatively common animals suggests a lack of familiarity with rural environments. The turn implies that the speaker may not have a deep understanding of the realities of agricultural life and may be easily swayed by superficial or picturesque elements.

turn 3 :  (4), the speaker is commenting on something that is described as "very pretty." The literal meaning of the turn is that the speaker finds the thing being referred to visually attractive. However, the implied meaning of the turn is unclear and could depend on the context of the conversation. The turn could be a sincere expression of admiration, or it could be a polite or perfunctory comment that does not reflect the speaker's true feelings. Alternatively, the turn could be sarcastic or ironic, indicating that the speaker does not actually find the thing being referred to as attractive as it may seem.

turn 3 : The turn that has a figurative meaning is (3) "agriculture is a leaky system". This is a metaphorical way of saying that the agricultural industry is vulnerable to various external factors, such as weather-related disasters, which can cause significant damage.  The other turns do not have any apparent figurative meaning and can be interpreted literally.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using metaphors or analogies to convey a complex idea or emotion in a more relatable or understandable way.


I think the best example I can give is Nelson Mandela, who's paid more of a price, who sacrificed more, he won, and then at a point, he says, now it is time for me to go on. He, if anyone, earned the right to say I am going to sit here and be the president of South Africa till I die. He said no, I've served my time. The fact that I spent 27 years in jail notwithstanding, I'm going to move on, and I think that that is why everyone respected him as a great man, because he did not put his own vanity above the cause.

Reverend Sharpton, great to talk to you.

Thank you, have a great day.

Reverend Al Sharpton is a civil rights activist and host of the syndicated radio talk show Keeping it Real. He is also the President of the National Action Network.

turn 3 : something that was hinted at or suggested, but not directly stated. When a person looks at his watch

turn 3 : They are asking if the person watches over other's actions and controls them.

turn 3 : to keep an eye on means to watch something closely


Yeah, I know. It's - I actually am going to quote UC Hastings law professor, Ahmed Ghappour, who said the reason the government did this is pure PR. There actually isn't a legal reason that the government needed to file this motion. It laid out everything that's already been said in the motion. But Apple got a lot of attention when Tim Cook publicly posted his reasons for not complying with the government's order on its website. And Ghappour thinks the government filed this on Friday because it didn't want Apple to have the last word this week. And in many ways, this particular situation is a PR war. The public opinion is going to matter. How do we feel about the government being able to compel a company to write code to help it out?Is there enough to be gotten from this phone that we're willing to jeopardize our privacy in the long run?In the past, when most things were in the physical world, if you created a key for one door, chances are it wouldn't affect all the other doors. But in the digital age, things are different. And it looks like, in this case, Tim Cook is saying, we need spaces where no one, not the government, not a hacker or even a private company, that makes the device can get in.

So what's next?

Appeals, appeals unless Congress, in its wisdom, decides to do something. But Congress hasn't been doing a lot lately, so I don't know.

That's NPR's Laura Sydell. Laura, thank you.

turn 3 : This turn does not have an implied meaning different from its literal meaning. It is a straightforward expression of gratitude towards Laura Sydell, the NPR correspondent.

turn 3 : expression of gratitude, as the speaker is thanking Alice Fordham for her report. Both turns have a figurative meaning that is different from their literal meanings.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using humor or sarcasm to make a point or convey a message in a lighthearted way.

turn 3 : This turn is literal in meaning, as it is a straightforward question asking about the speaker's children.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be hinting at a desire or need for help or support from the listener.


Unfortunately, we know that the homeless individuals who are unsheltered and living in the street are disproportionately burdened with behavioral health challenges, mental disease, substance abuse disorders. And so if a nurse from the government shows up with a syringe and says, hey, I'm here from the government. I'm here to help you. Take this shot - it's not so simple. We have had to spend a tremendous amount of time building trust, providing education and making the case for why receiving a vaccine is such a critical opportunity for them to protect their health.

What are the symptoms of hepatitis A?

These are symptoms that basically reflect inflammation of the liver. And the most common symptoms are basically fever, fatigue, nausea and vomiting, significant abdominal pain, the loss of appetite. And then one of the telltale things is either darkening of the urine or what's called jaundice, which is the common yellowing of the eyes and the yellow hue of the skin, indicating liver enzymes being spilled into the bloodstream. So jaundice is also a very common symptom.

Dr.  Yphnatides, if you think long term about changes you would want to see made to prevent another outbreak like this in the future, where does that take you?

turn 0 : Trust must be built before a homeless individual will accept a vaccine from the government.

turn 0 : There is a dangerous situation happening that requires people to seek shelter and take precautions.

turn 0 : This implies that the lack of adequate medical supplies has been affecting the medics response to the virus.

turn 0 : It implies how important vaccination is against seasonal flu.

turn 0 : Safe-haven laws are a way to save infants from being abandoned or killed.


What are the symptoms of hepatitis A?

turn 1 : The statement implies that vaccine and medicine goes together in prevent heart disease.

turn 1 : Building trust and providing education are necessary in order to make a convincing argument for why homeless individuals should receive the vaccine.

turn 1 : It implies how important vaccination is against seasonal flu.

turn 1 : one-two punch implies that the vaccine works through a series of actions to produce a result


What are the symptoms of hepatitis A?

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker is expressing a sense of frustration or dissatisfaction with a situation or person, without explicitly stating it.

turn 2 :  Implied meaning: Symptoms of hepatitis A include fever, fatigue, nausea and vomiting, significant abdominal pain, the loss of appetite, darkening of the urine, and jaundice.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker is indicating that they are experiencing physical or emotional discomfort, and may be implying that they require sympathy or understanding from the listener. The tone and context of the situation may affect the implied meaning, as the speaker could also be indicating a desire for rest or respite, or they may be seeking permission or justification for their actions or behavior. Additionally, the speaker may or may not be seeking medical attention or advice.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be expressing their dissatisfaction or disappointment in a subtle or indirect way, rather than stating it directly.

turn 2 : The turn suggests that the speaker is feeling frustrated and overwhelmed.


What are the symptoms of hepatitis A?

turn 3 :  Implied meaning: There is a fear of the spread of Zika, malaria, cholera, and other diseases due to the lack of access to aid.

turn 3 : This is implying that the speaker is asking for advice or suggestions on how to protect oneself from such attacks in the future, rather than just a quick summary of the issue.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be suggesting that there are some hidden or unknown factors that could influence the situation being discussed.

turn 3 : something that was hinted at or suggested, but not directly stated.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: Dr. Yphnatides is being asked to think about what changes should be made in the future to prevent another outbreak like this.


Well, I think the principal thing is to mention the new courtroom, which I visited for the first time yesterday. The audience sits in a glassed-in room 80 feet from where the judge and the screen is for displayed evidence. And the glassed-in room is completely isolated and there's an audio delay. I've never seen anything quite like this except for the Navy Seals' trials around the death of a detainee in Iraq. But there's a lot of secrecy involved in this, and it's not quite as public a war-crime trial as you might expect.

Closing arguments scheduled for Monday. We'll hear more from you next week. NPR's John McChesney in Guantanamo, Cuba. Thanks, John.

You bet.

Marketplace just ahead on Day to Day.

turn 3 : The literal meaning of B's statement is that the radio program "Marketplace" will be airing soon. The implied meaning could be that B is transitioning to a different topic or segment of the radio program, or that the program has come to an end.

turn 3 : The literal meaning of turn (4) is that B is interrupting A to introduce the radio program they are both on, "SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR," and to announce their names. However, the implied meaning is that B is politely interrupting A to take over as the host of the radio program.

turn 3 : WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News." The literal meaning of this turn is that the person is informing the listener that they are currently listening to a radio program called WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. The implied meaning, however, is that this is a standard closing statement for the radio program, and it is used to signal the end of the program. It does not literally mean that the listener is currently listening to the program, as the turn can be heard at the end of every episode.

turn 3 : Actual meaning: B is bringing the conversation to an end because of time constraints, but expressing interest in having A return in the future. Literal meaning: B is stating that A will be invited back and that Michael Graham is the podcast editor for The Weekly Standard.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is subtly trying to convey a sense of urgency or importance in the matter being discussed, without explicitly stating it.


That's where I went to school.

You went to Fremont?

I went to Fremont High School, I did.

Oh, my goodness. So, you know, East 14th is now called International Boulevard, and you lived in two very different worlds in that part of Oakland. Tell me a little bit about the best and worst of both sides.

Well, I lived my - after my parents divorced, my mother remarried a guy who made us be in that religion that rhymes with tehova's sitnesses (ph).

turn 1 : can be interpreted as a way to inquire about the current situation in the city, not just the events taking place.

turn 1 : They asked more questions to find out the answer and got one.

turn 1 : Asking for confirmation that the person went to Fremont.

turn 1 :  (2) Implies that the speaker is asking if the person they are talking to has anyone that helps them verify the facts that they are gathering.

turn 1 : This turn implies that the speaker is asking for more information about the tour.


That's where I went to school.

You went to Fremont?

I went to Fremont High School, I did.

turn 2 : B is confirming that A attended the same school from kindergarten until graduation.

turn 2 : Confirming that the person went to Fremont High School.

turn 2 :  The speaker wants to know about the experience of graduating from school and what it felt like for the person they are talking to.

turn 2 : that the acquaintance between the two people had grown over the years.

turn 2 : The person being referred to was well-liked by the school kids for bringing unique items.


There's a number of them that the federal prosecutors mentioned, things like excessive purchases with cash in some pharmacies, purchases from well out of the region of the pharmacies. And these are opioid purchases we're talking about - excessively high percentages of sales of fentanyl patches and opioid oxycodone painkillers from some pharmacies and some of the larger pharmacies that RDC dealt with. So those are some of the things that the feds highlighted.

Two RDC executives face charges. What are they accused of?

Basically sort of being players in this whole, you know, alleged kind of ignorance or willing ignorance, I should say, of RDC's role in the opioid epidemic, the things we talked about - you know, just sort of closing your eyes to pharmacies that were obviously pushing painkilling prescription meds onto the streets in big numbers. And the allegations are that the former CEO, Larry Doud, and former compliance officer were key in allowing this to happen internally and just ignored all the signs. One has pleaded guilty and is cooperating. And Doud is facing the criminal charges.

You've talked a lot about the pharmacies here. And so I'm wondering, what about them?And what about the doctors making the orders?Are they being held accountable?

turn 0 : "excessively high percentages of sales" - This turn's actual meaning is different from its literal meaning because "excessively high" means a lot or too much, but it is not necessarily related to a specific number or percentage.

turn 0 : a lot of stuff means there is a massive amount

turn 0 : has a literal meaning of "Yes, the numbers aren't looking good for the person," but its actual meaning is "It looks like the person isn't likely to succeed."

turn 0 : (1) has an implied meaning that is different from its literal meaning. The literal meaning is that the speaker is asking if there is any sign of improvement in the situation being discussed, but the implied meaning is that the situation is bad and the speaker is hoping for some positive news or indication that things will get better.

turn 0 : Indicating that they are priceless means that they have high value.


turn 2 :  "players in this whole, you know, alleged kind of ignorance or willing ignorance" - This turn's actual meaning is different from its literal meaning because "players" does not necessarily mean someone who is literally playing a game, but rather refers to individuals involved in a situation or event. "Willing ignorance" is also a figurative expression that means someone deliberately ignores or avoids knowing about something.

turn 2 : "But, you know, who knows?" - The literal meaning of this turn is simply acknowledging the uncertainty of the situation. The implied meaning, however, could be interpreted as a sarcastic remark indicating the speaker's lack of faith in the legal system's ability to keep information confidential.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker is indirectly suggesting that they have personal experience or knowledge related to the topic being discussed, and are subtly trying to convey their expertise without appearing arrogant.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker is expressing a sense of frustration or dissatisfaction with a situation or person, without explicitly stating it.

turn 2 : "people hope that I don't show up" - The literal meaning of this turn is that people do not want the speaker to arrive at a specific location. However, in this context, it refers to competitors hoping that the speaker (who holds the world record in the 100, 200, and 400 meters) does not compete in races, as it reduces their chances of winning.


turn 3 : (4) The literal meaning of turn (4) is that the reporter contacted the Department of Justice for comment, but the implied meaning is that the reporter wants to highlight the lack of response from the Department of Justice, which can suggest a lack of transparency or accountability.

turn 3 : to hold something in this context means that the person has power

turn 3 : He should not be blamed for anything as he only does what he is told to do.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is hinting at a deeper or hidden motive or intention behind their actions or words.

turn 3 : "held accountable" - This turn's actual meaning is different from its literal meaning because "held accountable" means being responsible or answerable for something, but it does not necessarily mean someone will be physically held or restrained.


Hello.

What happened to you this morning?What happened in Kathmandu?

Well, we were on a staff retreat with our editors and reporters up on a mountaintop overlooking Kathmandu Valley. And it felt as if I was propelled two meters up into the air. It was just such a heavy jolt. And when we looked down at the city, it looked like it had been completely destroyed because there was a ball of dust covering the entire valley in which Kathmandu is situated. And we thought the whole city had been destroyed. But as we got down back into the city through the roads, it looked like it wasn't as bad as we initially feared. Many of the residential buildings were damaged, but seem to be intact. On the other hand, the monuments of the world heritage sites in Kathmandu - Bhaktapur and Patan - many of them have been completely destroyed.

Mr.  Dixit, have you been able to get a handle on how extensive the damage is in Nepal and for that matter the region 'cause there are reports that India's also been affected.

turn 1 : ) B: "What happened to you this morning? What happened in Kathmandu?" This is a common greeting or small talk used to start a conversation. The speaker is not actually asking about a specific event that happened to the person in Kathmandu this morning.

turn 1 : Were you there? What did you see?: Implied meaning: Did you witness what happened?

turn 1 : The interview or conversation is coming to an end and the speaker needs to conclude.

turn 1 : So that's when I called his mom. And her cousin picked up and said - Alex, you need to get on the next plane to Sri Lanka. There's been a bombing. And Kieran is hurt, and he's here in the hospital.  In this turn, the literal meaning is that the speaker called the mother of someone and was informed by the cousin that there had been a bombing in Sri Lanka and Kieran was hurt and in the hospital. However, the implied meaning is that there was a serious and potentially life-threatening situation that required immediate action.


Hello.

turn 2 : "And to have built it there in the first place would be crazy, and they rebuilt it anyway." - The literal meaning of this turn is that building a city in a vulnerable location is illogical, yet they rebuilt it regardless. The actual meaning is that the city was rebuilt despite the knowledge of its vulnerability.

turn 2 : A: "And when we looked down at the city, it looked like it had been completely destroyed because there was a ball of dust covering the entire valley in which Kathmandu is situated." The city was not actually completely destroyed, but the dust made it difficult to see and gave the impression that it had been destroyed.

turn 2 : (3) - "It was devastating, just absolutely devastating." suggests that the event caused immense emotional distress, rather than physical destruction.

turn 2 : A is implying that there have been small reports of violence, such as stones being thrown at mosques and shops being burned down.


Hello.

turn 3 : B: "Mr. Dixit, have you been able to get a handle on how extensive the damage is in Nepal and for that matter the region 'cause there are reports that India's also been affected." The literal meaning is asking if Mr. Dixit has information about the extent of the damage caused by the earthquake. The actual meaning is that the speaker wants to know more about the situation in Nepal and India and the impact of the earthquake in the region.

turn 3 : "what more you know" - This turn literally means "what additional information do you have," but it implies that the person being asked already has some information about the bombings, so it is asking for further details.

turn 3 :  (2) implies that B is wondering what the latest news or developments are in the situation,

turn 3 : Literally, turn (4) is asking for information about which countries are blocking entry to travelers and how that will affect them. However, the implied meaning is that B is concerned about the impact of travel restrictions on those countries and possibly on the global effort to contain the Ebola epidemic.

turn 3 : In (4), the speaker is not asking for a description of the current health problems; they are asking for information specifically related to the cases of cholera that were mentioned in (1).


It's important because it is, for one thing, the most visible sign of climate change. There's little question that this is as a result of global warming that this is happening. And so that's one thing. The next thing is, of course, the ecosystem at the Arctic depend upon a certain amount of floating ice. The walruses dive off of it. The polar bears rely on it - the seals and so on. It's an important part of that ecosystem up there. So it has some local effects. But what's also becoming more and more apparent is it's going to be affecting our weather down here because you're going - when you get an extra degree of warmth up in the far north, you're going to change the way weather patterns move through the rest of North America.

And we could - I talked to a scientist today who said we could be seeing things like those really slow-moving big, heavy snowstorms that come along. It's not that there would necessarily be faster storms or whatever. In fact, it's just the opposite. There would be slower storms as a result of this pattern, and as a result, instead of just moving on by not causing so much grief, you can get huge amounts of snow and ice dumped on us here, and not only here, also in Russia. We have, of course. . .

Yeah.

. . . this past summer was very mild here. But when it's mild here, you need to look around the rest of the world and say, was it mild everywhere?And the answer is usually no.

turn 0 : The Arctic may have pockets of ice even when it appears ice-free

turn 0 : Melting ice on Greenland and Antarctica will increase sea levels

turn 0 : There has been a long-term warming trend resulting in the Arctic ice melt.

turn 0 : Melting ice on Greenland and Antarctica adds water to the sea level.

turn 0 : The melting of Arctic ice has local and global effects.


Now, when we look at this, what they're doing, there was a - you know, in some ways perhaps a minor incident, but a telling one where the British publication, the Telegraph, reported online that the G8 leaders enjoyed a six course lunch followed by an eight course dinner. African leaders were not invited and of course they're talking about the global hunger situation. There was a lot of static about that. Do you think that, that was symbolic in any way or just, you know, big time world business as usual?

Well, Farai now you're going to draw the cynical side out of me. This was an incredibly stupid, careless move, by the G8 leaders where they basically seemed to have thought off camera they could do whatever they wanted to. And they demonstrated, for all to see, the contempt actually that they have towards the rest of the world.

That they basically - they see themselves, as in effect, the rulers of this planet. So, when they're on camera there'll be the tears, there'll be the concern. Off camera you saw this hideous example of consumption.

What do you think the G8 leaders should be doing in terms of an Africa agenda?I'm going to get to a couple of specific things, specific national issues of Zimbabwe and Nigeria in a second.

turn 0 : The G8 leaders showed disregard for global hunger by indulging in lavish meals without inviting African leaders.

turn 0 : Despite the presence of goods in shops, people are still starving due to lack of money and high taxes.

turn 0 : The food in a region is influenced by its religion and proximity to other countries.

turn 0 : The World Food Programme has to decide who is not going to get food due to the lack of resources, and those who are most in need often have to go without.

turn 0 : Obama wants to make sure that money is not spent on things that are not needed.


turn 1 : The G8 is a group of countries discussing the world's economy and development, not just seven or eight countries

turn 1 : It is being implied that the leader made it difficult for the coalition.

turn 1 : The G8 leaders were careless and demonstrated contempt for the rest of the world.

turn 1 : The president's statements caused tension among other leaders


turn 1 : The people should obey their leaders or lose their jobs.

turn 1 : The implied meaning is that the demise of all people on earth is not a reason to be optimistic.

turn 1 : The government is not providing strong leadership, which is causing dissatisfaction among the people.

turn 1 : G8 leaders are contemptuous of the rest of the world and think of themselves as the rulers of the planet.


turn 2 : The G8 is a group of countries discussing the world's economy and development, not just seven or eight countries

turn 2 : Although there is a new generation of younger leaders, the older leaders still play a role behind the scenes.

turn 2 : The regime has been causing damage to the country and harming innocent people.

turn 2 : The G8 leaders see themselves as rulers of the planet.

turn 2 : It is being implied that if everyone resigns he will be the new leader.


turn 2 : Officers are selectively recording only parts of interactions, thereby hiding misconduct that occurs off-camera and only recording interactions that appear to be professional.

turn 2 : It is being implied that consumer behaviour is not obvious.

turn 2 : G8 leaders' off-camera behavior contradicts their on-camera concern and shows their excessive consumption.

turn 2 : The situation is concerning enough that it could make someone anxious, despite the monitoring systems in place.

turn 2 : Officers are not following NOPD policy, which requires them to always record the entire encounter until any police action has ceased, and instead are turning off their cameras during what they consider to be "sensitive matters" without defining what this means.


Yes, I do think they are well-matched traveling companions. In that both of them bend but nobody really breaks. And so, even though Jack is certainly the student, and she is the mentor, there are times when Jack has the upper hand and he has the better humor. And that, almost off-camera, he can make an aside to the reader. You know, like, she's getting a little bit ditzy right now, so hang on to your hat.

We're - to use one of your phrases, were you a fringy kid?

Yes, I was definitely a fringy kid. I moved a lot as a kid, I went to 10 schools in 12 grades. And so, I was one of those kids that was a permanent wallflower, you know, I'd go I'd hang back and I would observe, and I would sort of be on the fringe. But then I realized that I liked the fringe because the fringe gave me the flexibility to appear or disappear, which I found to be very helpful.

And painful or, at least, vexing as it can be to be a fringy kid. With the advantage of hindsight, is it part of what made you a writer?

turn 2 : (3) A: ...Which people might think is a very sort of girly kind of sound. But - I mean, I have no defense for that.  The implied meaning in this turn is that the speaker is acknowledging that some people may view the sound they made as "girly," but they don't have any justification or explanation for why they made that sound. They seem to be a bit embarrassed or self-conscious about it.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker's use of a particular intonation or emphasis on certain words may suggest that they are being sarcastic or insincere, even if their words appear to be genuine.

turn 2 :  friendly.the speaker is implying that they are trying to manipulate the personality of someone to make it more

turn 2 : (3) A: "I was definitely a fringy kid... But then I realized that I liked the fringe because the fringe gave me the flexibility to appear or disappear, which I found to be very helpful."  The literal meaning of "fringy" would suggest that the speaker was wearing a fringe, or was on the edge of something. However, in this context, "fringy" is being used figuratively to mean that the speaker felt like an outsider or a misfit. The implied meaning is that the speaker found comfort in being on the outskirts of social circles and having the ability to control her level of participation.

turn 2 : Although the literal meaning of this turn is simply an acknowledgement or agreement, the implied meaning behind it is that the speaker may not be fully engaged or interested in the conversation. It could be interpreted as a way of signaling disinterest or a desire to move on to a different topic.


turn 3 : The literal meaning is that the speaker wants to examine the motives behind the actions of the people involved in the events. The implied meaning is that the speaker is questioning whether their mother's version of events was accurate and whether the motives behind the actions were as terrible as their mother portrayed them to be.

turn 3 : Well, it sounds that you're complaining less that your feelings were hurt than the youngsters might be getting a very bad example of what it is to be an adult.  In these turns, the speakers are using figurative language or implied meanings rather than stating things directly.

turn 3 : This turn is literal in meaning, as it is a straightforward question asking about the speaker's children.

turn 3 : (4) B: "And painful or, at least, vexing as it can be to be a fringy kid. With the advantage of hindsight, is it part of what made you a writer?"  The literal meaning of this turn would suggest that being a "fringy kid" caused physical pain or discomfort. However, the implied meaning is that feeling like an outsider or a misfit can be emotionally difficult, and that this experience may have contributed to the speaker's development as a writer.

turn 3 : The literal meaning of (4) is that Tracy Letts watched his family suffer when he was 10 years old, but the implied meaning is that the experience had a lasting effect on him and shaped his life and art.


Thank you.

So what originally did the Consumer Product Safety Commission say was wrong with this stroller?

They were concerned about the front wheel of the stroller. It's a three-wheeled stroller, and they were concerned with the wheel falling off suddenly. It's attached to the stroller with a quick release, the same thing that attaches the wheels on bicycles. And so parents would be out running, jogging with their strollers, their kid in the middle. And the wheel would spontaneously fall off.

So the agency spent months investigating. And in 2017, they decided that Britax should recall the stroller, that it wasn't safe. And they even sued to try and force the company to recall the stroller. Tell us why that didn't happen.

turn 0 : "Thank you" - The literal meaning is an expression of gratitude or appreciation.

turn 0 : "Thank you" is a polite expression of gratitude. Its meaning is literal and straightforward.

turn 0 : Expressing gratitude for the invitation and glad to be here.

turn 0 : "Welcome.Thank you so much for coming." - The actual meaning is the same as the literal meaning. The intended meaning is a genuine welcome and appreciation for the guest's presence.

turn 0 : Literal meaning: A is thanking Scott for something. Actual meaning: The actual meaning is the same as the literal meaning.


Thank you.

turn 1 :  "So what originally did the Consumer Product Safety Commission say was wrong with this stroller?" is a question that asks for specific information about the stroller. Its meaning is also literal and straightforward.

turn 1 :  "What's the reason for that?" is a literal question that means what is the motive or purpose behind the actions described in the previous turns, and its actual meaning is the same as its literal meaning.

turn 1 :  implies a question asking if the idea has been used in any other contexts.

turn 1 : "Does that make any sense?" - The literal meaning of this question is asking if the previous statement is logically or grammatically correct. However, the actual meaning is that the speaker is questioning whether their statement was appropriate or relevant to the conversation.


Thank you.

turn 2 : The speaker is suggesting that the situation might not be as serious or dangerous as it initially seemed.

turn 2 : "They were concerned about the front wheel of the stroller." is a statement that provides an explanation of the Consumer Product Safety Commission's concern regarding the stroller. Its meaning is clear and straightforward.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker has some reservations or doubts about the situation being discussed.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker is hinting at an underlying issue or concern that they are not comfortable discussing directly.

turn 2 : when something is front and center in this context it means its out in the open, or some type of problem everyone notices


Thank you.

turn 2 : People do not physically flip. They change their positions on issues.

turn 2 : "Yeah. I mean, you know, of course, if you're going to get a guinea fowl on the treadmill, it's not that like the guinea fowl is, like, yeah, I'm really looking for a workout. Thank you." The literal meaning of this turn is that the guinea fowl is not interested in working out on the treadmill. However, the actual meaning is that guinea fowls are not natural runners and would not run on treadmills in the wild.

turn 2 : In turn (3), the literal meaning of "young children don't do quite as well with lower oxygen levels as older" suggests that younger children may struggle with the lower oxygen levels on a plane more than older children. However, the actual meaning is that younger children may not tolerate lower oxygen levels as well as older children or adults, but millions of children do fly safely without problems.

turn 2 : The stroller's front wheel would fall off suddenly during use, posing a safety risk for parents jogging with their children.


Thank you.

turn 3 : The information was told to others when it was not supposed to be told.

turn 3 :  "So the agency spent months investigating.And in 2017, they decided that Britax should recall the stroller, that it wasn't safe.And they even sued to try and force the company to recall the stroller.Tell us why that didn't happen." is a question that asks for an explanation about why the company did not recall the stroller despite the efforts made by the agency. Its meaning is also clear and straightforward.

turn 3 : This statement implies that the newspaper was taking extra precautions to ensure the accuracy of their reporting.

turn 3 : The complaint was about someone that exposed something being done illegally by another person or group.

turn 3 : The person found a lot of people not shopping and instead watching how much they spend on things in order to save money.


Mr.  DAVID M.  KENNEDY (Director, Center for Crime Prevention and Control): Hello.

So what's this "stop snitching" culture about?

Race.

What do you mean by that?That's a very blunt answer.

turn 2 : Race is a deep-seated issue in society that cannot be easily solved

turn 2 : The conversations do not talk about race but avoid it.

turn 2 : The speaker is sarcastic about the so-called 'racial moment'

turn 2 : The 'stop snitching' culture is related to the issue of race.

turn 2 : Distinguishing between criminal acts and sleazy behavior, and whether people should lose their jobs over it.


Every president in his or - his - well, I should say his or her. Every president in their first year has an unexpected crisis, whether it's national security, a natural disaster, domestic unrest. This is certainly shaping up to be Donald Trump's unexpected crisis. And I think he realizes that. And the stakes are getting higher, and I think that's why he's lashing out more because I think he realizes what's going on.

It's moved to the capital. As we said Secretary Price has resigned, but at least three more Cabinet members face similar accusations about charter jets. Whatever happened to them, can the Trump administration say they'll drain the swamp when they seem to be flying over it in private jets?

You, know, this reminds me of that line from "The Godfather" about Mr.  Corleone likes his bad news early. Donald Trump is not like bad news. And this was starting to spread to other cabinet members, obviously. And I think the we'll-see when he was asked whether Trump - I mean, whether Price should resign was his way of signaling, yes. And sure enough, Tom Price offered his resignation. And unlike the Session's case, the president accepted it because I think he sees this for the irony that it is of his own cabinet doing what he campaigned exactly against.

Is the Republican Party offering much of a profile of leadership at the moment?- can't get Repeal and Replace passed, the tax code seems - proposal seems fuzzy, federal response seems to certainly be slow if not negligent in Puerto Rico. We could go on.

turn 0 : (1) The actual meaning of turn (1) is different from its literal meaning, as it implies that the speaker is ready to defend their state against any legal challenges from the Trump administration and has a track record of success in litigation against them, indicating a confident and confrontational approach.

turn 0 : (1) has an implied meaning that is different from its literal meaning. The literal meaning is that the speaker is asking if there is any sign of improvement in the situation being discussed, but the implied meaning is that the situation is bad and the speaker is hoping for some positive news or indication that things will get better.

turn 0 : it is a metaphorical field, it just means there are not as many candidates running for the election as there was in the past because some decided not to continue running

turn 0 : (1) - The actual meaning is that every president in their first year faces unexpected challenges, and Donald Trump is currently facing one. He may be feeling the pressure and acting out as a result.

turn 0 : The turn in (1) implies that the speaker is excited about the attention they're receiving because they have a history of making groundbreaking decisions in the political arena.


turn 1 : Although the literal meaning of this turn is simply asking for a description of the current situation, the implied meaning behind it is that the speaker is expressing frustration or confusion about the conflicting messages they have heard from President Trump regarding the removal or retention of U.S. forces in Syria. It could be interpreted as a way of questioning the credibility of the information that has been provided so far and seeking clarification or a more definitive answer.

turn 1 : (2) - The actual meaning is that the Trump administration is facing criticism for their use of private jets, which goes against their promise to "drain the swamp" and reduce government corruption.

turn 1 :  (2) Implied meaning: The US is in a difficult situation with North Korea and Russia, and the president's actions have made it even more difficult.

turn 1 : Actual meaning: A is pointing out the lack of discussion and attention given to a potential solution to a problem due to the dominance of the Trump-related discourse. Literal meaning: A is discussing a method of repealing Obamacare that involves tax credits and encourages consumer choice.

turn 1 : (3), "It seems good here to remember the words that President Roosevelt said after the sinking, quote, 'our enemies have given us the chance to prove that there will be another USS Houston and yet another USS Houston, if that becomes necessary. And still another USS Houston, as long as American ideals are in jeopardy.'"  The literal meaning is simply a quote from President Roosevelt about the USS Houston and its crew. However, the implied meaning is that the quote represents the resilience and determination of the American people in the face of adversity and how they will continue to fight for their ideals even in the most difficult of circumstances. It is a call to action and a reminder of the sacrifices made by those who fought for their country.


turn 1 : The president is trying to divert attention away from negative news about him and his administration

turn 1 : The President has been using flashy events and rallies to maintain the spotlight on himself and his presidency

turn 1 : Donald Trump is becoming increasingly desperate as he realizes the gravity of the situation he's in.

turn 1 :  This turn actually means that people should not expect to "love" Donald Trump as the Republican nominee, but should come together as a party to face the challenges that lie ahead.

turn 1 : The president's reaction is self-destructive, but predictable due to his past involvement in media spats.


turn 2 : The person in question is not willing to resign from his position despite the controversy surrounding him

turn 2 : Implied meaning for turn (3): The questioner assumes that the speaker decided to support Donald Trump based on something he said, but the speaker clarifies that his decision was based on Trump's track record of job creation, as well as input from other people involved in the election.

turn 2 : (3) - The actual meaning is that Donald Trump likely wanted Tom Price to resign as Secretary of Health and Human Services after facing criticism for his use of private jets. Trump campaigned against government corruption, so this situation is ironic.

turn 2 : The Trump administration wants drug companies to lower their prices.

turn 2 : (3) Implied meaning: Mr. Kelly is suggesting to his Republican friends to give Donald Trump a chance and to wait and see what happens before making a judgement.


turn 3 : The implication is that the Republicans may have to use strong tactics to pass their agenda, even if it means having to pressure members of their own party.

turn 3 : (4) - The actual meaning is to ask if the Mexican governments and the agency were ready for the floods and its aftermath.

turn 3 : (4) - The actual meaning is that the Republican Party's leadership is being questioned due to their inability to pass important legislation and their slow response to certain issues, such as the hurricane in Puerto Rico.

turn 3 : (4) Implied meaning: Does Mr. Trump have the support to win the Republican nomination, or is it uncertain?

turn 3 : People are uncertain about their vote in this election, and are hesitant to support either the Republican or Democratic candidate.


The hallways may be quiet on both ends of Pennsylvania Avenue, but still plenty of noise coming from your Congress and the president. Here to help us cut through the chatter, NPR senior Washington editor and correspondent Ron Elving. Ron, thanks so much for being with us.

Good morning, Scott.

Why is a member of Congress from Michigan front-page news in Israel?

It's front-page news there because our president wants it on the front page back here in the U. S. But let's step back just for a moment. Congress has two new members who are Muslim women and who are outspoken in their support of Palestinians. The president has made them a major target of his Twitter feed. And one of them is Rashida Tlaib from Michigan. She was born in the U. S.  but still has family on the West Bank. She and her colleague Ilhan Omar from Minnesota were going to go to Israel until earlier this week when Israel decided to ban them because of their support for a boycott on Israel.

Now, that decision came right after a tweet from President Trump saying Israel looked weak if it let these two women into their country. And then a day later, the Israelis relented, saying they would let Congresswoman Tlaib visit her grandmother so long as she didn't talk boycotts. And then the congresswoman said she wouldn't go to Israel if she was going to be muzzled. And, of course, the whole business has left a bad taste in many mouths, including those of supporters of Israel in the U. S.  and supporters of the U. S.  in Israel.

turn 0 : Congress and the president are not working at the moment.

turn 0 : Trump's executive order may not be achieving anything new.

turn 0 : Despite congressional interest, the Trump administration is not listening to anyone but Donald Trump

turn 0 : Congress passed a bill despite the likely negative consequences.

turn 0 : They mention that the House of Representatives done everything in their power to make sure they needs are met.


And he met a tragic end, I gather.

I don't understand how America doesn't know so much about him and why Philadelphia took so long to recognize him.

I think part of it is that in the decades after reconstruction, there was almost a big version of what we might now call a white backlash. America got into the birth of a nation era when that movie depicted Klansmen as heroes and black leaders of reconstruction as morons and sexual predators when in fact there's this whole rich history that lots of good historians have started to dig out in the last few decades of black political activists who even began their activism right at the tail end of slavery.

turn 1 : : "Yup. Much like Martin Luther King, he had his young life cut short by gunfire from a white assassin." Implied meaning: "The person being discussed was a prominent figure in the fight for equality, and was assassinated for his beliefs."

turn 1 : The actual meanings of these turns are: (2) Martin Luther King was killed by a white assassin; (3) America doesn't understand or appreciate the contributions of black leaders during Reconstruction; (4) America's history of racism and white supremacy has been ignored or minimized for many decades.

turn 1 : The implied meaning in turn (2) is that the author created the book out of a desire to educate young black people about their cultural history, which they may not have learned from mainstream media sources such as hip-hop videos.

turn 1 : Turn (1) has an implicated meaning that is different from its literal meaning. Although the speaker denies that the remarks were racially motivated, the implication is that the speaker believes they were in fact racially motivated, and is trying to downplay or avoid addressing that implication.


And he met a tragic end, I gather.

turn 3 : : "Yup. Much like Martin Luther King, he had his young life cut short by gunfire from a white assassin." Implied meaning: "The person being discussed was a prominent figure in the fight for equality, and was assassinated for his beliefs."

turn 3 : A's turn: "the message boards are lit up with people saying that people who are speaking out against white supremacy, including myself, should be taken care of, whatever that means."

turn 3 : (3) Turn A: The implied meaning is that being a black police officer in America can be difficult because of the historical and ongoing use of excessive force against people of color, which can make it hard to reconcile one's identity as a black person with one's role as a police officer

turn 3 : The actual meanings of these turns are: (2) Martin Luther King was killed by a white assassin; (3) America doesn't understand or appreciate the contributions of black leaders during Reconstruction; (4) America's history of racism and white supremacy has been ignored or minimized for many decades.


And will it be in the same place or just adjacent to the ruins?

So the plan now is for the arch to be displayed in three cities - in London and in New York and in Dubai. Then we've been invited by Syria to place the arch near the site in Palmyra where the original one stood. Now, needless to say, we'll need to ensure that we have all necessary permissions from our government and from the Syrian government before that happens. But that is the plan at the moment.

As I don't have to tell you, Mr.  Michel, digital reconstruction is getting so good it's created a controversy. And we've done stories in Bosnia and in Afghanistan where there are people who are concerned that these reconstructions, in their own way, try to expunge history.

turn 0 : meaning is turn (1), where B asks if Teddy Roosevelt comes to life when it gets dark at the museum. The actual meaning implied by B's question is whether the museum has interactive exhibits or displays that bring historical figures to life, rather than asking about a specific event where Teddy Roosevelt might come to life in the museum.

turn 0 : The implied meaning is that there is hope that the restoration of the cathedral will take a similar timeframe to that of Windsor Castle. The literal meaning is that the restoration of Windsor Castle took five years and it's a reasonable timeframe for the project.

turn 0 : Implied meaning: the West's obsession with originality is a cultural clash with the East's approach to objects, which is to replace the parts of objects and thus keep them alive in memory and history.

turn 0 : The monuments were meant to intimidate and convey alternative facts and history.

turn 0 : So the arch was selected by the director general of Antiquities and Museums himself as the first object for recreation. And we are in the process now of recreating it, for all appearances, be identical to the arch in terms of its physical appearance at the time of its destruction.  Implicated meaning: The speaker is referring to recreating the arch to the best of their ability to match its original physical appearance before it was destroyed. The implied meaning is that they are aiming for an accurate representation, rather than creating an exact replica.


Finally, before I let you go today, you've said so for years you refuse to cede your faith to the corruptions of the institutional church, but now you've stopped going to Mass. May I ask you, what did you do today to connect with the divine when you would normally have been in church?

I'm in exile. I'm a man on the margin. I did not go to Mass. I did what many people do to be in touch with the holy. I walked along the harbor. I was quietly at prayer. I may not live to see what I'm calling for take place. I'll tell you this. A hundred years from now, there will be a Catholic church. And I tell you something else - it won't look at all like the church we live in now.

That's James Carroll. He's a former Catholic priest. His piece "Abolish The Priesthood" is in the June 2019 issue of the Atlantic.

Mr.  Carroll, thanks so much for talking to us.

My privilege. Thank you.

turn 1 :  "I may not live to see what I'm calling for take place" implies that the speaker is advocating for a significant change in the Catholic Church that may not happen in their lifetime.

turn 1 : "Carry under the surface" means the Catholics would not publicly display anything that reveals that they are Catholic.

turn 1 : The speaker does not agree with the Catholic views of the pope but acknowledges his power.

turn 1 : The church is in danger of losing its moral authority.

turn 1 : "he upheld church teachings while signaling a new openness to conversation about change" - figurative language, implying that the Pope is willing to consider new ideas and perspectives, even if they challenge traditional church teachings.


Sure, the dollar's stronger today, and it really underscores what has been happening for several months now. The equity market is much lower today, and the dollar is stronger against most major currencies. And the reason for that is because it's what we call a risk averse trade or basically buy the safest thing you can find play. So, when the equity markets go down, people like to buy dollars.

And then large part is in this because so many other currencies around the world are doing even worse than we are.

Well, yeah. I mean, the other countries are doing worse, that's for sure. Europe has some serious problems, Japan, China, but what it boils down to really is where's the safest place to put your money on a short term basis. And time and time again, that ends up in short-term treasury bills in the United States because they're backed by full faith of the U. S.  government. Certainly, if you look across the planet, growth rates have dropped dramatically in the month of January, for instance. In Canada, they were down about 14 and a half percent, in Europe, down seven percent. But places like Brazil were down 30 percent, and Russia was down 45 percent.

Some economists read this as a bet that the U. S.  wasn't just the first country to fall into a mess but will also become the first one out of it. Do you agree?

turn 0 : The dollar is not physically stronger, but more can be bought with it now than before.

turn 0 : The dominance of the dollar gives the US considerable power in international trade.

turn 0 : priceless implies a zero price or worthless, but it really means valuable

turn 0 : Indicating that they are priceless means that they have high value.

turn 0 : They are not asking for a lot of really expensive items.


turn 2 : A has recently researched various topics and is knowledgeable about them.

turn 2 : The key point is made to make people want to learn more about what happened.

turn 2 : Not an actual home falling onto people's head but an obvious, large amount of information becomes understood.

turn 2 : The information does not boil down, but it gets to the most practical facts.

turn 2 : The implication of this turn is that people want to be able to look at the original documents and decide for themselves what is relevant and important, instead of relying on a news organization to make that determination.


Oh boy, so much has changed. The club scenes, radio, the entire industry as a whole has changed dramatically. Even back then - I mean, I'm not really in clubs right now, but back then, the music that they were playing was different. The accessibility through music and the clubs, and then transitioning into radio was different.

Because that's really how "Hey Mister DJ" became such a big hit. A couple of DJs in the clubs loved it, started playing it, and then the next thing you know it was on the radio. And I remember because the label at that time was not really interested in promoting the song. So that's really how it got to mainstream radio, and it just would build and build from there. So it's changed so much now. Regulations and everything has changed. So it's just not as easy to kind of get in those doors.

Now, what made you decide you wanted to go record again?

You know, well, during that time, that seven year hiatus that I took, another life change that I had was really just kind of recommitting my life to God, and my husband and I both grew up in church. And you know, you kind of do your thing when you go to college, and you got your freedom, you do whatever you want to do, which is also a growing period.

turn 0 : The music industry has changed dramatically over time, including accessibility through music, the transition to radio and regulations.

turn 0 : Being in the media industry is becoming more niche and specialized

turn 0 : Digital music sales are increasing, music labels need to adapt to the changing market.

turn 0 : The new music coming out of Atlanta is building on the past and pushing boundaries.

turn 0 : The new music coming out of Atlanta is a combination of the old and the new


turn 0 : The music played in clubs and on the radio has changed significantly over time

turn 0 : There are songs from various decades in the top 30 chart.

turn 0 : The speaker feels the need to perform music to feel complete.


I went out last night, actually, to try to catch some of the World Series. And some of the bars are starting to reopen. But everywhere that you go, the only power that people have is running off of generators or running off of some solar power. You really do not see people getting much power from the grid.

Do you see people at work on the power system?

You do - absolutely. I mean, this is like this incredible project that is happening all across the island. There are crews that are out there. You see them moving. But you also see that there are power lines down absolutely everywhere. I mean, you know, we are talking weeks after Maria came through, and they're just - you know, wires are still lying all over the place. You know, big towers are down. It's dominating the media. It's dominating the news everyday. This is the obsession in Puerto Rico right now - is the power.

People must be frustrated. Who are they blaming?

turn 0 : Ground-based solar and wind energy are not reliable sources of power.

turn 0 : The power grid is unreliable due to generators and solar power being used instead.

turn 0 : The power outage caused chaos and inconvenience to people's lives.

turn 0 : Parts of South America experienced a major power outage.

turn 0 : Renewable energy is still too expensive for developing countries


turn 2 : The president was showing a lack of seriousness for the Puerto Rican crisis.

turn 2 : The president's attitude towards Puerto Rico and their debt crisis was dismissive and uncaring.

turn 2 : The lack of power is a major issue in Puerto Rico after the hurricane.

turn 2 : The President's remarks suggested that he was not taking Puerto Rico's plight as seriously as he did other disaster areas.


Earle Havens, Ph. D.  - although, of course we want to look into that now. And he's the head of the Department of Special Collections here at the George Peabody Library in Baltimore. The exhibit - what's the title again?

"Fakes, Lies and Forgeries. "

All right - runs through February 1. Thanks very much for being with us.

And thank you very much. This was a great pleasure.

turn 3 : A: "This was a great pleasure" - The literal meaning of the phrase would be that the speaker had a physically pleasurable experience, but the intended meaning is that the speaker enjoyed the conversation or interview.

turn 3 : "my pleasure" - This phrase is a polite way of responding to a thank you, but it does not actually mean that the person feels pleasure.

turn 3 : (2) A: It's a real pleasure. (implied meaning: I am happy to be here and discuss this important topic)

turn 3 : In this context, "My pleasure" is a polite response to thank someone for the opportunity to speak or participate in something, and it does not convey an actual feeling of pleasure. Similarly, "Thank you" in this context is not an expression of gratitude, but rather a polite way to acknowledge the conversation or interaction coming to an end.


The alternative would be, you know, if you had a hurricane coming down in Florida, for example, and you had private forecasting services that said, you know, we can predict this with an extra day ahead of time, allowing for people to evacuate who have access to that information. And that information becomes a commodity rather than a public good.

Now that you know so much about the weather and the way that it works and its importance to us, I mean, what keeps you up at night?

I mean, Sandy was a scary scenario. But the implication is that it's not the worst possible. You know, its impacts were localized. Even in parts of New York I remember, you know, waking up the next morning. And in the neighborhood that I live, you know, things were basically normal, which was not the case three miles away.

So I think for me, you know, what keeps me up is the idea of a perfectly forecast storm that is catastrophic on a broader scale and that we see coming for six days ahead and need to make decisions - not just as individuals, but as a society or as a city - how to move and respond. And I think, you know, that anticipation is new. You know, we haven't had that capability before. And we have it now. And the next step is to figure out how to use it properly.

turn 1 : (3) Implies that people have become so used to not prioritizing sleep that they are violating their own basic human right.

turn 1 : 'B' is asking what 'A' is worried about, not whether or not these things keep him literally awake during the night.

turn 1 : B is not really interested in what A is wearing and is just making small talk.

turn 1 : B is asking A if he/she thought carefully before doing something.


And many of your students have to work for a living in order to be able to afford to attend college in the first place.

Well, that happens in many - or most community colleges. And certainly, El Centro is a prime example of that. We're a very diverse community in terms of students from different backgrounds, including of color. Many students have families. They have children, and so over 80 percent of our students are part-time students because of that in part. And they also are low-income students, so they need financial aid such as federal Pell Grants as well as what Texas, here, provides in support for students as well.

And what if there was no longer a deduction for student loans?

Well, that's another area. At El Centro, the percentage of students that leave the college debt is about 34 percent. And the average student debt is about $21,000. Students are eligible for Pell. Pell doesn't cover all of the needs that students have. It does cover tuition. It does cover fees. It does cover books. But students need living.

turn 2 : Actual meaning: A is pointing out the lack of discussion and attention given to a potential solution to a problem due to the dominance of the Trump-related discourse. Literal meaning: A is discussing a method of repealing Obamacare that involves tax credits and encourages consumer choice.

turn 2 : The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker is asking how people can become trapped in debt due to car title loans and consumer finance loans.

turn 2 : The literal meaning of the turn is asking about a hypothetical scenario, but the actual meaning is asking about the potential impact of eliminating a deduction for student loans.

turn 2 : The implied meaning of turn (2) is that the speaker was tempted to find out if it was possible for the student to access the books they mentioned.

turn 2 : (2) The literal meaning of this turn is a simple question, but the implied meaning is that the speaker wants to know what actions can be taken to address the issue being discussed and is seeking guidance or suggestions.


What is the context?How did you get to know them?And then, describe what you think each of them is like as a person.

I worked with Raila Odinga at the University of Nairobi. President Kibaki, we've had our children go to school together. I think they are both kind people. I don't think - I won't describe any one of them as a bad person at all. They are both kind, but we have this underlying problem we just started talking about that nobody really has ever paid it any attention to. That is of helping people to relate as tribes, as, you know, really seeing - instead of bruiting their differences and, you know, identifying the unity that groups like Kikuyus and the Luos have. They are very different people culturally. How can they walk together?How can they celebrate each other's, you know, differences so that we can forge ahead.

So in other words, even though some peace is going to be created - I know they will - I hope that they are going to start in a school system, teaching people about the different cultural background to ensure that our people move from their own tribal shells towards the national and then the continent.

Let me ask you about the two men that we've been talking about who have so much decision-making power.

turn 2 : The literal meaning of "tribal shells" is not clear, but in this context, it means to move away from their narrow-minded or limited views based on their tribal affiliations.

turn 2 : The literal meaning of this turn is that the tribal aspect of this conflict has triggered the most horrific aspects of this war. The implied meaning is that the tribal divisions are at the root of the war and are responsible for the extreme violence.

turn 2 : The literal meaning of this turn is to state that the speaker is of mixed racial and/or ethnic heritage. However, the actual meaning is to downplay the significance of the speaker's racial and ethnic identity.

turn 2 : The literal meaning: The expert states that in Afghan culture, the described actions are perceived as highly offensive. The implied meaning: The expert implies that such actions are universally considered offensive and not limited to Afghan culture.


I was so exhausted. And all of sudden, we just had this baby. The nurse was handing me this baby, and she's poopy. And it just was so messy. And it just - both of us immediately just started crying. It just was so joyful. It just felt perfect.

Before Hazel was born, though, Lindsey had a lot to worry about.

When she was 20 weeks old - the 20-week ultrasound, she was diagnosed with a fetal heart condition. So we weren't sure what condition she's going to be in when she came out. And she just let out this big scream and just kicking. It was just like she burst into the world. And, you know, just immediately we kind of knew this is a healthy baby. She is alive and. . .

She let you know.

turn 2 : Giving birth to a son could imply that the speaker was able to find hope and joy despite their pain.

turn 2 : burst into the world implies that the baby affected a lot of things quickly when it was born

turn 2 : "Whole world" is an exagerraiton, most likely. It means that religion was a huge force in her younger life.

turn 2 : It affected the young people's emotions when they saw what happened.


She let you know.

turn 3 : : "Tell me about that moment when you first saw your daughter Hazel for the first time. I mean, how did that feel?"  Implicated meaning: The listener wants to know about the emotional experience of seeing one's child for the first time.

turn 3 : In turn (4), "She let you know" implies that Hazel showed through her actions that she was healthy, even though her diagnosis had been uncertain.

turn 3 : "I knew a lady and she was fine" means that she looked beautiful or pretty.

turn 3 : has a figurative meaning, as it is implying a joke about the idea of Dame Stella turning her experiences into a novel.


However, they pointed out to me that they could do so much, but they needed roofing materials. Without roofing materials, when the rains come in the rainy season, it will all be washed away, their work. And that seemed to me to be an example of the sort of local women's group that needs to be supported. That groups like that can participate as they want to in the re-integration and recovery process. It's very important that the government of Southern Sudan, with the support of the international community, give support to local women's groups like these.

Well Melanie, thank you so much.

Thank you.

Melanie Teff is with Refugees International. She recently returned from a trip to Southern Sudan, where she helped with returning refugees and the advancement of women's rights.

turn 0 : Local women's groups in Southern Sudan need support from the government and international community for their re-integration and recovery process.

turn 0 : There are a lot of things to see in Sudan, but the country lacks the necessary infrastructure to support tourism.

turn 0 : "changes here will ripple through South Sudan" implies that what happened will have numerous effects on the country

turn 0 : Some women joined the force due to domestic violence


Is there any recourse here whatsoever, and is there any way to see from here on out how companies are actually using this bailout money, to be very clear about where and who it's going to?

Well, if your question goes beyond executive compensation to how the money is being used, yeah, we have a special inspector general that is overseeing it. We also have the General Accounting Office doing some review. We do have a problem with the General Accounting Office; can it get bank records so we know what they're using their money for?No, we need to clarify that in the law. You know, the oversight is meant to be strong through the special inspector-general. As a practical matter, will it be?We're going to have to wait a month or two to find out.

Charles Grassley is the Republican senator from Iowa. Thank you very much.

Thank you.

turn 0 : The bailout is not punishment enough for the people responsible for the financial crisis.

turn 0 : The bailout could have potential negative consequences for the average taxpayer

turn 0 : Companies are misusing bailout money and need to be held accountable and punished for doing so.

turn 0 : The government is demanding that the banks that received the bailout maintain mortgage lending and small-business lending at the levels of last year while also requiring leaders of these banks to step down and freezing bonuses for executives who stay.


Thank you.

turn 1 : The bailout could have potential negative consequences for the average taxpayer

turn 1 : The bailout is not punishment enough for the people responsible for the financial crisis.

turn 1 : The government is demanding that the banks that received the bailout maintain mortgage lending and small-business lending at the levels of last year while also requiring leaders of these banks to step down and freezing bonuses for executives who stay.

turn 1 : The oversight of the bailout money may not be as strong as it is intended to be.


You know, between the flooding issues and river issues and then the trade war and the tariff war with China and also the renegotiation during the old NAFTA, we had a number of trade issues that were kind of tossed up in the air, and we're waiting for the puzzle pieces to fall back down in place.

I mean, I think in the Midwest and agriculture in general, you know, supported the president early on in improving trade relations with China. But unfortunately those in the livestock industry and soybean producers are taking the brunt of the hit.

Well, what would you like to see specifically from this trade deal, if they ever reach a deal?

We'd definitely like to have our full trade ratio, I guess you'd say. The amount of trade we were doing with China back a year ago - we'd love to see that back.

turn 0 : "address the growing inequality crisis" - Literal meaning: to deal with the issue of inequality that is becoming more severe. Actual meaning: to take measures to reduce the gap between the rich and poor and provide support for those who are struggling.

turn 0 : to move in direction in this context means to change something

turn 0 : The person thinks that the situation will come to an end with both sides negotiating with one another. There is no game or table.

turn 0 : "puzzle pieces to fall back down in place" - This is a metaphorical phrase used to describe the resolution of trade issues. It means that the trade issues need to be sorted out and resolved before the situation can return to normal.

turn 0 : "state of the economy" - This turn has a figurative meaning, as it refers to the overall condition of the economy rather than a specific physical location.


turn 1 : Chinese steel industry's overcapacity and debt are significant problems

turn 1 : This implies that the Farmers does want any aid from the government. They would rather prefer that the government remove harsh tariffs on the world's largest soybeans.

turn 1 : The Chinese economy is not balanced and requires serious changes

turn 1 :  "taking the brunt of the hit" - This is an idiomatic expression that means bearing the majority of the negative consequences of something. In this case, it means that the livestock industry and soybean producers are suffering the most from the negative effects of the trade war with China.


Well, Mr.  Market feels pretty strongly that he's seen this show before. And. . .

He's counting on something to be worked out at the last minute.

That's right. The real question is, if by Thursday there's no deal, will stock markets still be gaily rising?I think the answer is probably no.

I was struck by a phrase in Chris Arnold's piece about the dollar being the bedrock currency for much of the world. Is that jeopardized?

turn 0 : "Once you've seen the props. Once you've seen the art, you buy the person." - This turn is using figurative language. It means that when someone puts on a convincing performance, it can be easy to believe in them even if they are not trustworthy.

turn 0 : a sense means that there is an understanding

turn 0 : has a literal meaning of "Yes, the numbers aren't looking good for the person," but its actual meaning is "It looks like the person isn't likely to succeed."

turn 0 : The turn (1) "holding our neighbors hostage and making them watch 10,000 slides from our family vacation" is an example of figurative language and its actual meaning is not literal. The speaker is using exaggeration to emphasize how people have always had a desire to share their experiences with others, even if it means subjecting them to boring slideshows.

turn 0 : (1) "Mr. Market feels pretty strongly that he's seen this show before." The literal meaning of this sentence is that Mr. Market has a strong feeling of déjà vu. However, the implied meaning is that Mr. Market believes the current situation or event is similar to a previous one and may have similar outcomes or patterns.


turn 1 : (2) implies that A has a very tiring day in the lab and wants to finish the work quickly and go home.

turn 1 : He mentions what drives you as A is taking a his tasks with an overwork schedule.

turn 1 : (2) He's counting on something to be worked out at the last minute: Implied Meaning: He's expecting a solution to be found shortly before the deadline.

turn 1 : The implied meaning of turn (1) is to hurry up and finish the task quickly.

turn 1 : "the actual count won't be completed until April 20" is meant literally as it refers to the official count of the votes.


turn 2 : Although stocks may continue to decrease in value, it is currently a great time to invest in the stock market

turn 2 : The stock market bouncing around means that its values are changing rapidly.

turn 2 : (3) Will stock markets still be gaily rising? Implied Meaning: Will stock markets still be increasing in value?

turn 2 : (3) Who seems to benefit from the stock market climb right now? - Implied meaning: Who is most likely to benefit from the current rise in stock prices?


Good morning. You've talked to some serious names in this investigation - Carter Page, Trump's former foreign policy adviser. You've talked to a woman who was Paul Manafort's travel partner to the Ukraine. I'm curious, just on a professional level, how did you get the access?

Variety of ways - a little bit of trading information, a little bit of looking up emails and cold calling people and just - I don't know - general doggedness, I guess.

Yeah. What is the conversation like?Hi, I'm Jeff Jetton, reporter from Toki Underground ramen shop?

I don't really describe myself. I don't have a - I don't label myself really. I've done some interviewing in the past and just, you know, strike up a general conversation with people usually in sort of a casual environment. And for some reason, usually, people will talk to me.

turn 3 : "Hi, I'm Jeff Jetton, reporter from Toki Underground ramen shop?" has a figurative meaning as it is a humorous and self-deprecating way of asking how the interviewer approaches sources and gets access to information. It is not a literal statement of the interviewer's identity or profession.

turn 3 : the literal meaning is that the interviewer asks if recent events and debates make a scene in a book more significant.

turn 3 : The interviewer reminds the speaker of what they've been saying, which is different from what the speaker is saying now.

turn 3 :  the host is wrapping up the interview and thanking the guest for being on the show. The literal meaning is simply expressing gratitude, but the implied meaning is that the interview has come to an end.

turn 3 : "That's Dr. Steven Loyd. He's based in Nashville, Tenn. Thanks for talking with us."  The literal meaning of this turn is simply an introduction to Dr. Steven Loyd. The implied meaning is that the interview has ended and the interviewer is thanking Dr. Loyd for his time and participation.


Well, you know, I'll tell you, there is a recent study showing that when you do learning at night, you retain it better, and this may be why the bedtime story has survived the centuries and been such a beloved institution.

We actually are doing research ourselves. We did a small study last summer with Boys & Girls Clubs in New Jersey where the kids got a fun math problem every day, and we tested them before and after the six weeks. And while most kids slide two or three months in skills over the summer, we found that 72 percent of these kids actually did better. . .

Wow.

. . . at the end of the summer. So we're now doing a study with the University of Chicago for the next five years to see if we can pin down what's happening.

turn 3 : They are asking if the person watches over other's actions and controls them.

turn 3 : The information was told to others when it was not supposed to be told.

turn 3 : They want to find out what is happening not take a pin to it.

turn 3 : A thinks that the government is not functioning properly.

turn 3 : There is no drill, the person wants to get right to the basic part of the information.


Thanks for having me.

John Hinckley's been undergoing treatment for more than 30 years and people who've worked with him say he isn't the same man who shot President Reagan and doesn't pose the same threat he did in1981. Why are you skeptical?

Well, he has had a pattern of being deceptive. Not too long ago, on one of his outings, he told the hospital that he was going to a movie. And the Secret Service agents who were trailing him saw that he was at a library looking at books on my father and also looking at presidential assassins. The diagnosis for him is narcissistic personality disorder, which is incurable. So one of the ideas that's being presented by his doctors and by his attorney, Barry Levine, is that he hasn't done anything violent in the last 30 years. This makes no sense to me whatsoever. You know, that's like saying there's an expiration date on violent tendencies. He's 59. He has time to do something else. He planned that shooting for quite a while before he did it.

But he's been in Saint Elizabeths a long time, longer than maybe if he'd shot someone who wasn't beloved around the world and a household name.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: It was a lucky coincidence that Dr. King was not present in the Gaston on that day when the bombs went off.

turn 3 : It's hard to determine who could have committed the shooting at Compound due to the diverse audience

turn 3 : John Hinckley may have been in Saint Elizabeths for a longer time than if he had shot someone less famous.

turn 3 : I don't understand how America doesn't know so much about him and why Philadelphia took so long to recognize him." Implied meaning: "The person being discussed was not given the recognition and respect he deserved, and this is a failure on the part of both America and Philadelphia."

turn 3 : He is glad that he is not so famous that he is recognized everywhere he goes all of the time.


The investigations into the fatal Lion Air and Ethiopian Airlines crashes have revealed troubling details about safety. For example, Boeing was charging extra for a safety feature - one that might've helped the pilots in those flights. Boeing says it will now make that feature standard. We wondered whether the same could be true of safety features in cars.

Some new cars have features to avoid collisions or stay in a lane. Depending on the make and model, features like those could come standard or cost extra. David Friedman was acting administrator of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, and he's now on the policy side of Consumer Reports. Welcome to the studio.

Thanks a lot for having me, Ari.

Let's start by talking about a feature called automatic emergency braking. I understand this is a technology that has been really widely adopted, largely because of a voluntary agreement where automakers said they'll make it standard by 2022. What does this do?How important is it?

turn 3 : A evacuated on their own accord to avoid traffic.

turn 3 :  "Let's start by talking about a feature called automatic emergency braking."

turn 3 : Implies that the speaker wants to know if the engine has been started and is running.

turn 3 : THEIR VARITIES OF VEHICLES EXPLAINS THE CONDITION

turn 3 :  The actual meaning of these turns is that A and B are inquiring whether the car has been used and tested, not just looked at.


Mm-hmm. So these are the kinds of people, exactly, who the politicians want to know about, the registered voters?

Absolutely.

And have you gotten any reaction from them at all?

I think there's a lot of interest and, I mean, in fact that as I look back at the bigger picture, we've kind of gone through this, you know, this - I don't know if it's a cycle, but it's certainly is a set of shifts where everybody was talking about climate change and sustainability and global environmental problems, if you remember back in 2007 and 2008. And then, suddenly, everybody has stopped talking about it. And, in fact, for many people, the term - using the word on global warming or climate change in political discourse was seen as something you shouldn't do. I think what we may be at the beginning of is to be able to bring these words back into our political discourse and, actually, as a point of discussion about how do we move forward as a society?

turn 0 : The speaker feels the need to perform music to feel complete.

turn 0 : (1) "Right." This turn does not convey any literal meaning, but it serves as a signal that the listener is following the speaker's train of thought and agrees with what has been said. It is a type of backchanneling, which is a signal that the listener is actively listening and engaged in the conversation.

turn 0 : "use my voice" - This is a metaphorical expression that means to speak out and express one's opinions.

turn 0 : "Mm-hmm" is an informal way of expressing agreement or acknowledgement, rather than its literal meaning of a humming sound.

turn 0 : The speaker is expressing a high level of respect for the doctor's abilities.


How quickly would we see a border closing impact the U. S.  auto industry?

Well, really, we would start to see manufacturing facilities impacted almost immediately. Most of the industry follows a just-in-time inventory strategy, which means that the parts that are needed for the vehicle are shipped to the plant as they are needed and on a continual basis. They don't maintain inventory levels at the assembly plant. So we would see a number of factories start to shut down almost immediately because they wouldn't have inventory available to keep going.

Is it possible for you to paint a picture of this for us using a specific car part, for example?

You know, there's a couple interesting ones. One, wire harnesses - these are the wires that are - that go into a vehicle. There's probably miles of these copper wires in a vehicle, very labor-intensive to put these wire harnesses together. The vast majority are made in Mexico that are used in U. S.  manufacturing. And so that's something that would be very important for a vehicle because it goes on early in the process.

turn 1 : The Big Three auto companies are facing financial difficulties.

turn 1 : The US does not have enough low-skilled labor to bring production back and imposing tariffs will make it difficult to manufacture products in China.

turn 1 : The situation in Chinese factories is dire with many factories closed and workers losing their jobs, including millions of migrant workers.

turn 1 : U.S. businesses perform well when there's access to foreign markets and a chance to compete. More free trade agreements with other countries are wanted.

turn 1 : The U.S. auto industry heavily relies on just-in-time inventory strategy and factories would shut down quickly if the border is closed.


turn 1 : (2).  While the literal meaning of A's response is simply agreement with B's statement, the implied meaning is that there are multiple crises happening simultaneously, and therefore the country is not able to focus on one issue before another arises. This suggests a sense of overwhelm or difficulty in managing the situation.

turn 1 : A's response has an implied meaning that is different from its literal meaning. While A's response appears to answer B's question about the impact of a border closing on the U.S. auto industry, it also suggests that the industry's reliance on just-in-time inventory strategy makes it vulnerable to supply chain disruptions. This implies that the auto industry needs to have a continuous flow of parts to maintain production, and any disruption to this flow could lead to plant shutdowns.

turn 1 : The speaker believes that the auto industry will not vanish despite the current situation

turn 1 : The auto companies need to restructure their fixed costs due to the current economic situation, resulting in significant losses.


turn 3 : The state is willing to provide a financial incentive to Carrier despite knowing that some jobs will still be leaving for Mexico.

turn 3 : The majority of wire harnesses used in U.S. manufacturing are made in Mexico and would be impacted if the border is closed.

turn 3 : The state is trying to make the best out of a bad situation by providing incentives to Carrier, even though it will still be shipping jobs to Mexico.

turn 3 : There is no bar but it does mean that the requirements in Mexico are lower.


There's that feeling - I mean, so many of us have parents in the industry. I mean, that's what this region is about, especially around Detroit, and Wayne State's in Detroit, the heart of Detroit. So, it's nerve-racking. Everyone is nervous. Everyone doesn't know what's going to happen next. We're all watching the news very closely. But at the same time, it's interesting, because with my generation, we almost seem to, kind of, not be as directly impacted. I mean, our family is, it puts stress on us, but the day to day of the university and the day to day at school doesn't seem to have changed that much.

I understand you have friends there who are engineering majors. Do they have any sense of what their future looks like, and will be it there in Michigan?

Everybody is secure in their choices and secure in their decision. Everybody thinks that the industry will come around, especially now with the news that GM is getting money from the government. And everybody is more hopeful, and I mean, the auto industry has always been one of the largest industries and a staple in America, and to think that that industry is just going to vanish, nobody is willing to concede that.

Alex Marinica is a junior studying at Wayne State University in Detroit. Thanks so much, Alex.

turn 0 : The speaker is expressing amusement at the topic being discussed.

turn 0 : The speaker is reflecting on their mistakes and hoping to learn from them.

turn 0 : The speaker feels a strong emotional connection to New Orlean

turn 0 : The speaker is expressing surprise and amazement at the coincidence.

turn 0 : Despite being nervous, the speaker finds the current situation interesting


turn 2 : The speaker is hinting that the situation is difficult or complex.

turn 2 : Many people are losing their jobs and companies are going bankrupt.

turn 2 : This statement implies that the situation is unpredictable and confusing for many people.

turn 2 : The speaker is suggesting that the situation might not be as serious or dangerous as it initially seemed.

turn 2 : The speaker believes that the auto industry will not vanish despite the current situation


And what do you say?

Well, very simply - is that these are people who are dying. It's not that they have a choice of not dying. They're - they have to be terminal in order to even be speaking to the doctor about getting an end-of-life medication, and in that case, it's something that we actually need to be more comfortable with dying. The most significant part of this law is that it opens up a conversation.

When a patient says, you know, Doc, I'd really like to have a medication to end my life now, the first question should be why. And that should open up not a conversation about how to get the medication or what the medication is but, what are you needing as you're dying?What's bothering you, or what are your worries, more than anything else?And what can we do to alleviate those things that make you so frightened of death?How do we alleviate it without giving you this medication?

And what we've found in the other states that are already doing this - already in Washington, Vermont and Montana - is that once you open that conversation, most of the time, and in fact the vast majority of the time, the patients don't need the medication. They just need the conversation.

turn 2 : "Doesn't it raise some ethical concerns about having an antidote?"  The literal meaning of the turn is that B is asking whether the development of an antidote raises ethical concerns. However, the implied meaning is that B is questioning the ethical implications of having an antidote that can quickly reverse the effects of an overdose. B is concerned that having an antidote might lead to people being less careful with their drug use and may increase the risk of overdoses.

turn 2 : (3) Implied meaning: When a doctor talks with a patient about end-of-life medication, the doctor should ask why and focus on addressing the patient's fear of death and alleviating their worries, rather than just prescribing the medication.

turn 2 : "So crack down on the doctors, but make sure there's a support system ready for their patients."  The implied meaning of this turn is that while it is necessary to hold doctors accountable for any role they may have played in fueling addiction, it is equally important to ensure that patients receive the necessary support to cope with the aftermath of addiction.


It has. It was seized at one point by British commandos off Gibraltar. It was held in Gibraltar for several weeks. A court then finally said that it had to be released after the Iranians guaranteed that it wouldn't breach EU sanctions. The Americans tried to get Gibraltar to hand it over. And Gibraltar said no.

So this is the latest attempt by the Americans to try and get control of the ship. And so they directly offered the captain, Mr.  Kumar, several million dollars to bring the ship to a country that had apparently agreed to impound it and hand it over to the U. S.

Now, if you've got this email - and you say you obtained the email - the first question, I guess, would be - is this really from Brian Hook, really from a senior State Department official?But you have a quote from Brian Hook in your story.

It is definitely from Brian Hook, and I have confirmed that with Brian Hook himself. You know, he said that this is the - an attempt by the Americans to ramp up the maximum pressure campaign on Iran. The next stage is to increase the enforcement of the many sanctions that the U. S.  has put on Iran already. And this is a kind of a new novel approach to try and get ship captains and their crew both to be scared about working for Iran in the future and, second, to offer them a carrot, which is to say that if you come and help us, you'll be rewarded for life. And some of the language used in the email is quite colorful.

turn 0 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer

turn 0 : "it was seized" means that something was taken away.

turn 0 : to carry something out means to do something

turn 0 : It is unclear exactly what the motive for the actions was.

turn 0 : NOTHING IS NOT GOOD.SO IT WAS A VERY MEANING FULL


And what about men?After all, they groom too, especially their beards. So, they need tables of their own. Well, these vanities aren't really tables. Men stood to shave at narrow cabinets with stacks of drawers for their grooming supplies. One glossy modern piece caught my eye.

It's red and it's plastic by Raymond Loewy. The design date is 1969. It was manufactured and he made variations on the theme. But this is the men's shaving stand. And as you see, there's no place to sit. So, he combined sort of the historical idea of men's dressing tables with new contemporary materials, the molded plastic. He has no handles, but the grips on the drawers come out of the molded plastic. And the mirror, again, pops up. When you pull it down, it looks like just one closed cabinet. But in fact it's a men's shaving stand.

It is inexplicable, it's innate. It's something in our gene pool. . .

turn 2 : ) We all think we're being so original, right? (Implied meaning: We all think we're really creative and original, don't we?)

turn 2 : (3) "What is it, do you think, in the human psyche that we - so many of us - I mean, look at the human history that's shown here in this exhibit - need to look at ourselves, at least for a time, to begin the day?"

turn 2 : AGREE WITH THE TURN AND IMPLIED MEANING AND BELIVE THAT EVERYONE

turn 2 : world in this context means that there is many


turn 3 : In both of these turns, the implied meaning goes beyond the literal words used. The speaker is not simply asking about the reasons behind the human need to look at themselves or stating that it is innate and related to genetics. The implied meaning suggests a deeper exploration of human psychology and the significance of self-reflection as a part of our daily

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is hinting at a deeper or hidden motive or intention behind their actions or words.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be hinting at a desire or need for help or support from the listener.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker's tone or body language suggests that they may be withholding information or not fully expressing their thoughts and feelings on the topic at hand.

turn 3 : The literal meaning is that the speaker wants to examine the motives behind the actions of the people involved in the events. The implied meaning is that the speaker is questioning whether their mother's version of events was accurate and whether the motives behind the actions were as terrible as their mother portrayed them to be.


Sir, why do we need a Space Corps?What threats do you see it defending us from?

Well, clearly, we've got some very serious, aggressive behavior by both the Chinese and the Russians in space. They have realized that that's a great equalizer if they can get good at it, and they're getting good at it fast. Unfortunately, we've become, just like every other war-fighting country, very dependent on space. But the truth is, it's not just our military; our country has become very reliant on space. Anybody that has a handheld iPhone or other device, that device is using space.

Because of satellites.

Satellites. So the Russians and Chinese have realized that if they can take our eyes and ears out, which is what our satellites are, they might actually be able to compete or have an advantage against us.

turn 3 : Russia will try to get more people to join the military together.

turn 3 : The US and China both want to establish their own spheres of influence in the region.

turn 3 : implies asking for an opinion on Russia's ambitions.

turn 3 : Satellites are crucial for military and civilian operations, and losing them would give the Russians and Chinese an advantage.

turn 3 : The literal meaning is about how the countries are going to continue despite the sanctions, but the actual meaning is about how the sanctions could benefit Russian producers.


Today one major Palestinian businessman, Bashar Masri, wrote something really interesting on his Facebook page. He said he was invited to this U. S.  conference next month, but he said he's not going. He would not be willing to endorse something that's outside the Palestinian national consensus, he said.

It's pretty remarkable to hear that kind of criticism from him because he's a real estate developer. He's got a lot of press coverage in the U. S. He's kind of a celebrity. He's built a new Palestinian city with a fancy mall and condos. So he's been seen as admired by the Trump administration, and this is what he's saying.

In the meantime, have we heard from any other regional powers?

We have heard - interestingly, not heard from Israeli leaders yet. But the Trump administration said they've gotten a lot of very good feedback on their peace plan - on the economic side of the peace plan as they've discussed it with Middle East leaders in recent months.

turn 0 : In (1), A is expressing a pessimistic view about the chances of success for the peace talks in Syria. A is highlighting a major obstacle to the talks, which is the opposing views on the future of Bashar al-Assad's presidency. A is suggesting that this disagreement is a significant barrier to progress and is indicating that there are no positive examples from the past to suggest that the talks will be successful.

turn 0 : The Syrian regime has been in power for a long time, and there is a possibility that Bashar will outlast Trump.

turn 0 : The strategy to solve the Syrian crisis is similar to Obama's

turn 0 : The Syrian regime's longevity is a sign of their power and oppression, and Bashar's reelection will likely outlast Trump's presidency.

turn 0 : Bashar Masri's criticism is significant due to his status and ties with Trump administration.