Well, the French have the best intelligence and penetration of their communities in Europe. So there's going to be, as Eleanor said, a search for accomplices. The eight gunmen were killed. Seven of them blew themselves up with suicide belts, and one was shot. And Hollande restricted border access right away last night 'cause there's this concern that suspects or accomplices could escape. So this is actually exactly what happened during the Charlie Hebdo attacks in Paris earlier this year. You'll recall there was a gunman who took hostages in a kosher market. And police were searching for a woman that was with him. It turns out to be his wife. And as they were searching for her, she suddenly surfaced in Syria with ISIS. So they've put all these travel restrictions in place in hopes of avoiding a repeat of that.

Dina, France bristles with visible security. This is the second major attack in a year. What makes France this target?

Well, there's sort of a perfect storm going on in France. It's the third highest - it has the third highest number of foreign fighters who've gone to Syria from Europe. About 200 of those people have returned to France. And that's just too many people to keep an eye on. I mean, in fact, during the Charlie Hebdo attacks, they said one of the reasons why they stopped watching the Charlie Hebdo attackers was because they thought they had more severe threats that they needed to keep an eye on.

NPR's Dina Temple-Raston, thanks so much.

turn 0 : The French government is taking extra steps to ensure that any potential accomplices do not escape.

turn 0 : This means that the leaders are corrupt - there is nothing quite literally going into their pockets.

turn 0 : Diseases are not breaking out but might begin to happen due to the situation.

turn 0 : The mortality rate of the disease is high and it has caused outbreaks in the past.

turn 0 : Health care workers are at risk of getting infected.


Well, I think what I heard - and I heard it over the three days - is that the president is not going to let up pressure on Japan, on Prime Minister Abe on trade. Despite the close personal relationship, despite all the pageantry of this visit, it was just at the surface that the president was getting a little irritated with the arguments that Japan has been making on trade.

I think that this is not going to bode well for how this is going to end up. Mr.  Abe doesn't have a lot of latitude to give the president what he wants. But I think they're trying very hard to keep it from bursting the seams, so to speak, on the overall political strategic relationship.

What about on North Korea?As Anthony alluded to there, President Trump contradicted not only his host, the prime minister, but his own national security adviser, John Bolton, on the significance of these recent missile launches from North Korea and whether they violate U. N.  Security Council resolutions. How significant a disagreement is that between Tokyo and Washington?

I think that will be a disappointment for Prime Minister Abe for a couple of reasons. You know, again, President Trump said he was not personally concerned about the tests, still trying to lay out what I think he thinks is the base for a bargain with Kim Jong Un, and that is an economic development strategy by North Koreans that will then mitigate the military challenge.

turn 0 : Mr. Abe is trying to please President Trump by showing him a good time in Japan

turn 0 : Despite the friendly relations between the US and Japan, the President is unhappy with Japan's trade policies and is pressuring Prime Minister Abe to make changes.

turn 0 : "And now, you know, providing them with quality help and watching them change their lives is one of the most fun things that I've ever been involved with... we need to make evidence-based treatment available without the stigma that goes along with it."  The implied meaning of this turn is that providing quality help to people struggling with addiction and witnessing their transformations is incredibly rewarding. The speaker believes that access to evidence-based treatment should be expanded, and the stigma surrounding seeking help for addiction should be reduced.

turn 0 : A decided to be vulnerable and share about his severe depression in order to be authentic in his book and play.

turn 0 : The turn that has a figurative meaning is turn (4), where the speaker uses the phrase "remind us of your story" to mean "tell us about your experience with this issue". The literal meaning of "remind us of your story" would be asking the person to recall a previous narrative they had shared.


turn 2 : The relationship between President Trump and Prime Minister Abe is stronger than with other allies

turn 2 : President Trump disagrees with both his own national security adviser and Prime Minister Abe on the significance of North Korea's recent missile launches, which could strain the relationship between Tokyo and Washington.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be hinting at something indirectly and expects the listener to understand the intended message.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be hinting at a deeper meaning or intention behind their words or actions, which requires further investigation or understanding to fully grasp.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using metaphors or analogies to convey a complex idea or emotion in a more relatable or understandable way.


turn 3 : Mr. Abe is trying to please President Trump by showing him a good time in Japan

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker might be implying a hidden agenda or ulterior motive behind their words, actions, or decisions, without making it explicit.

turn 3 : The implied meaning of turn (4) is that the speaker is acknowledging what was said but may not have a specific response or further comment. It implies a lack of elaboration or engagement in the conversation.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be hinting at a deeper meaning or intention behind their words or actions, which requires further investigation or understanding to fully grasp.

turn 3 : Prime Minister Abe will be disappointed by President Trump's lack of concern for North Korea's missile tests


So you alluded to earlier about the championship coming down. The championship can never come down. That's part of history. You can take a banner down, but you can't take the championship away because there was no performance-enhancing drugs. There was no phony classes. There was no steroids being used, no gambling on the games.

Should college coaches do more than just win?I mean, do they have an obligation to instruct, be good examples for young athletes?

Ninety percent, if not more, of college coaches not only educate their players on the court, they build lifelong friendships. They mentor the young men. They help them get jobs. Unfortunately, the ones that get the most noise are people like myself involved in this scandal that comes across as if college basketball is corrupt. And it's really not. Four years ago, I went on a tremendous rant about shoe companies getting involved in the recruiting business. It's. . .

Yeah, and even as you note in the book, the shoe companies in other ways have been pretty nice to you.

turn 0 : The decision was not something that was given up by one side.

turn 0 : This statement implies that the Championship cannot be withdrawn because there's not tangible reason for such.


And that's despite the fact that medics there say they need more supplies, they don't have what they need.

Well, again, we have a very long and porous border with eastern Congo. So knowing exactly where cases may come across is always a difficult thing to know. But we, the U. S.  government, as well as WHO and other partners, have been working very assiduously with the government of Uganda over the last 11 months while this outbreak has been going on in eastern Congo to help build their capacity. Supplies are always a challenge in terms of supply chain, moving things where they need to go. But we feel fairly comfortable that the ability to respond and respond quickly exists here in Uganda.

You mentioned this long and porous border. So the first case in Uganda was this 5-year-old boy who reportedly went to Congo, got the virus there then came back to Uganda with his grandmother, and they both passed. How are the borders being handled?Is security being stepped up?

Since the outbreak in DRC in August of last year, we have worked, along with other partners, with the government of Uganda, to establish screening along the border posts.

turn 0 : Delays in treating people with the virus could lead to it spreading rapidly.

turn 0 : This implies that the lack of adequate medical supplies has been affecting the medics response to the virus.

turn 0 : Producing beef has a significant impact on the environment.

turn 0 : smell like rotten eggs is about bacteria smell

turn 0 : Fracking is not as harmful as environmentalists believe.


turn 1 : The chances of new Ebola cases arriving in Uganda are high until the outbreak stops in DRC.

turn 1 : It may encourage states from taking race into account on college admissions.

turn 1 : taking race off the table implies that people would not consider race in the election

turn 1 : It implies that the massive border between Uganda and Eastern Congo has made it difficult to monitor the spread of the virus.

turn 1 : This implies the level of Racial discrimination on Campuses.


turn 2 : Delays in treating people with the virus could lead to it spreading rapidly.

turn 2 : The borders are not secure enough to prevent the virus from spreading

turn 2 : The actual meaning behind (4) is not just an expression of admiration but also an invitation to explore and appreciate the wonders of the world.

turn 2 : "possible paths" - This is a literal expression referring to different options or courses of action that could be taken.

turn 2 : (4) - Implied meaning: People were encouraged to enjoy the outdoors and take in the beauty of nature


Let me ask you about what are called battleground states in this coming election. I'll rattle off Florida, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Is there early voting there?Will people take advantage of it?

Absolutely. Florida - it'll be - approximately 40 percent of the ballots will come in early, perhaps a higher number. Half of those will come in early in person. Ohio also has a lot of early voting. Pennsylvania - no. Pennsylvania still only allows for excuse-required absentee balloting. So in Pennsylvania, they still wait until Election Day.

And, Scott, this is going to change the dynamics in those states so that you will expect to see early rallies timed when the early voting period opens up, likely in Florida, Ohio, North Carolina. The candidates' travel schedule will reflect this because they want to follow up that kind of enthusiasm and get people to the polls right away.

And are more people voting early now not because they have to but because they just want to?

turn 2 : an agent of change is someone who speaks up for change

turn 2 : The turn (3) by speaker B is an example of a statement whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning.  In this turn, speaker B uses a metaphor of a bucket of rice to explain the concept of DNA analysis and how it can be used to identify the origin of a sample. The actual meaning of the turn is that DNA analysis can reveal subtle differences in the genetic makeup of individuals, which can be used to identify their origin or other characteristics. However, the literal meaning of the turn is about a bucket of rice and the difficulty of identifying a few brown grains of rice in a sea of white grains.

turn 2 : B finds something amusing or funny, but it's not clear what

turn 2 : "change the dynamics" means to alter the way things are done

turn 2 : The implied meaning is that A is inquiring about the details surrounding B's special person.


turn 3 : People are uncertain about their vote in this election, and are hesitant to support either the Republican or Democratic candidate.

turn 3 : it is a metaphorical field, it just means there are not as many candidates running for the election as there was in the past because some decided not to continue running

turn 3 : Congress and the president are not working at the moment.

turn 3 : In (4), the speaker is implying that more people are choosing to vote early, not because they have to, but because they want to.

turn 3 : Russians have interfered in the elections and are doing it again.


Thanks very much for inviting me along.

Could you tell us about these horses and their riders?

Absolutely. These four horses, they're all based on the foreshore of the River Thames, just next to Vauxhall Bridge in central London. And it depicts four large-scale horses, based on the London working horse or the Shire horse. And each one of them has a rider on top and also is a kind of hybrid structure. So it's half horse and half oil pump. And they're also in a very tidal zone, so depending on what time of day you visit them, sometimes they're almost concealed and sometimes they're, you know, completely revealed by the water.

turn 3 : This turn is literal in meaning, as it is a straightforward question asking about the speaker's children.

turn 3 : The turn that has an actual meaning different from its literal meaning is (4): "How do you cast sculptures in what amounts to an underwater gallery, not just this installation in the Thames, obviously, but some that you've done all over the world?"

turn 3 : The gerrymandering and census cases before the Supreme Court would allow Republicans to increase their political power.

turn 3 : There is doubt whether the Congress will be able to come up with a comprehensive solution for all the issues and it may require multiple attempts

turn 3 : It's getting harder to make people believe that the Supreme Court is not political.


Well, I have to say that the information on cannibalism and corpse medicine was probably one of my favorites because it's so particularly horrific. People would drink the blood of gladiators. Egyptian tombs were being pillaged for mummies so that they could grind them up into these cures. They were mixed with myrrh and spices and sold in England. And there was even an import tax at the time because there were so many mummies being imported.

And of course though, many of these really gruesome cures didn't work at all. But some of them can be used today to really do something, to really help medically.

Yes. Maybe not mercury, for instance, but arsenic which we think of as the poison that kings would use to kill each other - arsenic today is used as a current treatment for promyelocytic leukemia. And I think a lot of people would be pretty shocked to hear that. Opium, we know, has a long history and still exists today for good and for bad. A lot of these other things like leeches can be used by some surgeons to help - in post-surgical patients to, you know, reduce swelling so that the surgerized tissues survive. So it is shocking to find that a lot of these things still are alive and well in our pharmacopoeias and in our hospitals.

But a little more delicately used.

turn 2 : Despite medical advancement, outdated and toxic drugs were used.

turn 2 : implying that there are ethical and moral considerations to be taken into account when conducting CRISPR research

turn 2 : The implied meaning is that the interviewer wants to hear about the findings of the mouse study and what was administered to the mice during the study.  I apologize for any confusion caused by my earlier response.

turn 2 : (3) When the speaker states that science is under attack, they are implying that politicians are misusing science to further their own agendas, rather than relying on scientific evidence to inform their decisions.

turn 2 : Many things that were once considered archaic, or even dangerous, are still used in medicine today


Thank you very much for having me.

The situation in Sana'a at the moment is very insecure and unpredictable. It's very scary, obviously, because the airstrikes come at any time. And now with the fuel crisis that's going on, Yemen is a country that is basically based all its - basics let's say from importing - the food, the fuel, the wheat - everything comes importing and talking about the main things that would allow the people to be alive. And now at the borders - the blockade in the borders - this is creating a huge catastrophe that is ahead of us at the moment.

Oxfam had been pushing to end the fighting, at least to get these shipments into the country. Are you worried about future shipments?

turn 1 : "Can you describe the scene for us in Sana'a now?" - The literal meaning is asking the interviewee to provide a verbal description of the current situation in Sana'a. The actual meaning may also imply that the interviewer wants to get a firsthand account of the situation from someone who is there.

turn 1 : The interviewer reminds the speaker of what they've been saying, which is different from what the speaker is saying now.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: DNA may not be suitable for carrying out everyday tasks due to its slow processing speed.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker is suggesting that they are uncertain about the future outcome of a situation, and are not making any definitive statements or commitments. The tone and context of the statement could suggest that the speaker is being cautious, non-committal, or may be waiting for more information before making a decision.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: Dr. Yphnatides is being asked to think about what changes should be made in the future to prevent another outbreak like this.


Thank you very much for having me.

turn 2 : (3) The implied meaning is that there is a great sense of uncertainty and concern about what will happen next, and it's not clear whether the situation is still a political game or has escalated to military brinksmanship. The literal meaning is consistent with this implied meaning.

turn 2 : The potential consequences of genetic engineering could be extreme and far-reaching.

turn 2 : The implication of this statement is that the scientific community needs to come together and use their collective power to push for change.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: DNA may not be suitable for carrying out everyday tasks due to its slow processing speed.

turn 2 : "It's very scary, obviously, because the airstrikes come at any time." - The literal meaning is that the airstrikes are unpredictable and can happen at any moment, causing fear and uncertainty among the people. The actual meaning may also convey a sense of desperation or helplessness in the face of the ongoing conflict.


Thank you very much for having me.

turn 3 : There will be significant concerns in the region moving forward.

turn 3 : "Right. Right." implies to understand what was said.

turn 3 : as it is the only turn with an implied meaning different from its literal meaning.

turn 3 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer

turn 3 : (4) B: Oxfam had been pushing to end the fighting, at least to get these shipments into the country. Are you worried about future shipments?


But much more would need to be done to know really when the best time of day would be to eat different kinds of vegetables.

OK. So you started with cabbage. Are there any other veggies that look enticing, so to speak, for you to study or sort of similar to a cabbage cycle?

Well, what we did after we found that this result worked with cabbage, we decided to try to see how broad a phenomenon this might be. We started with other leafy vegetables like spinach and lettuce, and we could show that in the lab, we could re-entrain their circadian rhythms also. And then since those worked, we then went back to the grocery store and bought things like zucchini and blueberries and sweet potatoes and carrots. And of all these we could show could perceive these light-dark signals and reactivate their clock and show rhythmic behaviors.

Mm-hmm. Now, I'm picturing a big head of cabbage. And, you know, cabbage has lots of leaves on it.

turn 2 : The vegetables have a system that regulates according to how much light they get.

turn 2 : The great thing about fiction is that you can fix things and make things better.I think Vanessa is a smarter version of where I was.And it's definitely informed by my experiences in the CIA. The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker is suggesting that their experiences in the CIA have informed their fiction writing, and that the character Vanessa is a version of the speaker that is smarter and more successful.

turn 2 : The vegetables don't have a clock. They have a system that is regulated according to light.

turn 2 : She creates lines of written work in stories that sound good and have a great deal of emotion. Also, the way she writes her stories has a great deal of meaning.

turn 2 : Lisa Bloom's name and simply herself, is very noticeable and memorable to a great many people.


John, you've been explaining to us how the ripple effects of Wall Street are hitting the average American, and now we have some questions for you from a few of our listeners. You ready?

Great, Tony, yes.

Here's the first one. Renee Mack Jones(ph) of Atlanta, Georgia, asks this question. I keep hearing people say that this 700 billion dollars in government rescue money is absolutely necessary, and if the government didn't step in and do something, there would have been a global financial meltdown. But there must be some negative side effects to this historically expensive bailout. What are they, and where are the hundreds of billions of dollars coming from when there is such a large deficit already?

Sure. Well, there are two main drawbacks. One is basically the principle that if you bail these folks out, really you're just encouraging them, they need to be punished for their transgressions, and that some feel that what has happened so far really makes them feel that they haven't been spanked hard enough, that they need really some more pain to avoid such problems in the past.

turn 3 : The oversight of the bailout money may not be as strong as it is intended to be.

turn 3 : (4) A: "It's very vegetal."  The literal meaning of this statement is that the tequila has a strong vegetable scent. However, the implied meaning is that the tequila has a unique and high-quality taste, which is a common characteristic of premium tequilas. This implies that the speaker has a good taste in tequila and is sharing their knowledge with the listener.

turn 3 : the literal meaning of "It's very vegetal" would suggest that the tequila has a strong vegetable-like aroma or taste. However, in this context, the actual meaning might be that the tequila has a unique or distinctive flavor profile, possibly referring to the earthy or agave-like characteristics of the tequila.

turn 3 : The actual meaning: The food/drink is delicious. Implied meaning: The speaker is indicating that they are uncertain about the accuracy of their statement. However, the use of the phrase "I'm just making stuff up" implies that the speaker may be exaggerating or not entirely serious about their comment. Despite that, they still express that the food/drink is very tasty by saying "it's really yum."

turn 3 : The bailout is not punishment enough for the people responsible for the financial crisis.


That's absolutely correct. The charges themselves don't go to anything about the collusion aspect. I think one thing that's important to understand, though, some folks don't realize this about cooperation - cooperation's like being a little bit pregnant. You're either cooperating or you're not. You have to be completely in (laughter). And the value of somebody like Manafort for the prosecutors may not necessarily be a smoking gun but rather just the fact that he's so familiar with what happened and they'll be interested in that as well.

Let's turn now to Department of Justice's inspector general report on how James Comey and the FBI handled the investigation into Hillary Clinton's private email server. Mr.  Comey didn't come off well, did he?

He did not come off well at all. I think it had been widely thought that he was not going to come off well, and he really violated some basic protocols at the Justice Department. I mean, I was there with Miss Reno as the attorney general. You're very, very careful about anything that could affect a political election. And then on top of that, he is supposed to simply talk about, are they doing the investigation or not?And he really kind of usurped the authority of the prosecutors in making that statement - no reasonable prosecutor would take on this case. He's not a prosecutor there. He is the director of the FBI.

Yeah. At the same time, what do you think of Rudy Giuliani, the president's lawyer, saying that the Mueller investigation ought to be suspended because of the IG report?

turn 0 : The implied meaning is that the more A learns about the people they are close to, the more they appreciate them and form a stronger bond.

turn 0 : "cooperation's like being a little bit pregnant" - This is a figurative expression meaning that there is no middle ground when it comes to cooperation. Either someone is fully cooperating or not cooperating at all.

turn 0 : Most people don't have enough money to pay for school.

turn 0 : The kids were smarter than the other kids in their class.

turn 0 : squirrel implies to hide some money for future use and not referring to an animal or rodents


That's a wonderful section that helps us understand how their worlds were shaken up. They were safe, but on the other hand. . .

Well, on the other hand, they were sent all over the country to households who often weren't expecting them and the children themselves didn't know where they were going. They didn't know which town they were going to, who they would be staying with, whether they would be staying with friends or even their siblings. It was extraordinary.

And there were a lot of schemers. There were families who would take them in just because it increased their food coupons.

There were, indeed. And in fact, quite a lot of the research for my book - well, it certainly started with a newspaper called The St.  Albans Advertiser - and I kept on stumbling across scams. I've got one here, actually. This is directly from the newspaper. She has shown considerable ingenuity by her forgeries. Giving a false address and using the names of children that do not exist made the matter very difficult to detect. This was somebody called Doris Evelyn Hart (ph) who was claiming a billeting allowance for six children who weren't staying with her. And this was very common because you got, actually, a decent weekly wage for taking in an evacuated child.

turn 2 : Implicates that the speaker finds the idea of trading money for information about potential terror attacks morally objectionable.

turn 2 : B: "There were a lot of schemers" - The literal meaning of "schemer" is someone who makes secret plans to do something harmful or illegal. In this context, it refers to families who took in evacuated children for financial gain, which is not necessarily illegal but is morally questionable.

turn 2 : A is concerned about the possibility of violent conflict with no other options.

turn 2 : People that are in the area of the conflict while it is happening.

turn 2 : They are implying what is your opinion


turn 3 : the speaker is implying that forgery is a powerful form of expression and has been used throughout history for various political and personal motives.

turn 3 : This turn is literal in meaning, as it is a straightforward question asking about the speaker's children.

turn 3 : A: "She has shown considerable ingenuity by her forgeries" - The literal meaning of "ingenuity" is creative ability or cleverness. In this context, it refers to the ability to forge documents convincingly, which is not a positive attribute.

turn 3 : B is asking A to distinguish between teens who experiment with gender identities and those who genuinely feel comfortable identifying outside of traditional gender roles.

turn 3 :  I think that it could result in a lot of these either being kicked back to the school and these students


It really is. I don't think that people have an eye on the ground view. We're trying to help people. But helping people macro doesn't really satisfy people micro when it's happening in a neighborhood.

All right, Dr.  Melvo, thank you very much. Always good to hear your points of view.

Thank you, Tony.

That was author and economist, Dr.  Julienne Malveaux. She is also the president of Bennett College for Women in Greensboro, North Carolina.

turn 0 : "Eye on the ground" is not literal. It implies that people should view the situation from close up rather than far away.

turn 0 : roll your eyes implies to ignore or pretend nothing happens and not rolling the eyes on the ground

turn 0 : The home became where the family would all get together at and where they felt the most love.

turn 0 : Implied meaning: People are feeling resentment and anger towards people who think they don't have to follow the same rules as everyone else.

turn 0 : outsiders implies people who aren't a family or organization member and not people who stands outdoors


That's what won, finally, the attention of the old man. And only when he was tough did the old man respect him. And I think when his father became incapacitated, Bobby began to resort to who he was as a kid. As a kid, he was - he hung around all the time with African-American kids. Those were his playmates, even in Hyannis. He was - he, you know, Father Feeney - when Father Feeney said no salvation outside the Catholic Church, he railed against that, which was so extraordinary in that very Catholic family.

You know, Ralph Bunche - he insisted that that great African-American statesman get to speak to a integrated audience at UVA when he was in charge of the lecture series down there. There's all kinds of evidence of Bobby in the beginning being a liberal in the best sense of that word. And I think it just came more to life after Jack was gone and after the old man was out of action.

Will American voters these days - and donors and journalists, for that matter - let a public figure change in public the way Robert Kennedy did?

Well, I think the hardest thing for him - and to me, the sweetest part of the book - was his evolution on Joe McCarthy. There's no doubt that he loved the guy. It came through right to the end when he was driving in the car at National Airport. And Kathleen, his young daughter, said he was so stricken by the news that McCarthy had just drank himself to death at Bethesda Naval Hospital that he drove around the airport three times. He was just distraught.

turn 2 : (3) Implied meaning: Will modern society be open to and tolerant of a public figure's change in opinion?

turn 2 : The literal meaning of (3) is asking what type of story was popular in the 19th century that could be compared to a modern day internet meme. The implied meaning is asking what was popular or trendy in the 19th century.

turn 2 : turned on their head implies that something unexpected happened

turn 2 : The implied meaning of this turn is that the recent discoveries about feathers and filaments on certain species of dinosaurs have enabled us to gain a better understanding of their visual and vocal communication.

turn 2 : This is a figurative expression that describes the appearance of an early-stage embryo.


turn 2 : suggests that the Democratic Party must put forth a more persuasive and powerful economic message to win more elections

turn 2 : The implied meaning of this turn is that other members of the White House may seek legal counsel in light of President Trump's actions.

turn 2 : This turn has a literal meaning of cancelling and substituting a law or policy with a new one. However, in this context, it refers to the highly anticipated vote in the House of Representatives on a bill that would repeal and replace the Affordable Care Act (Obamacare).

turn 2 :  (4) Implies an acknowledgement of the dangerous risks taken when crossing the border illegally.

turn 2 :  (3) Will American voters these days - and donors and journalists, for that matter - let a public figure change in public the way Robert Kennedy did?


turn 3 : The literal meaning of this turn is that Secretary Kerry has been talking about the idea of a transitional government. The implied meaning is that Kerry is proposing a new government as a way to address the root of the conflict and end the fighting.

turn 3 : The hurricane caused severe destruction and devastation in the area.

turn 3 : Hurricane Dorian is a severe and dangerous storm that poses a serious threat to the Bahamas

turn 3 : (4) Implied meaning: How did Robert Kennedy come to terms with the death of Joe McCarthy?

turn 3 : Staying in low-lying areas during hurricane will cause certain death


turn 3 : The man who stole the plane had mental health issues.

turn 3 : (4) There's no doubt that he loved the guy.It came through right to the end when he was driving in the car at National Airport.And Kathleen, his young daughter, said he was so stricken by the news that McCarthy had just drank himself to death at Bethesda Naval Hospital that he drove around the airport three times.He was just distraught.

turn 3 : Monitoring Hurricane Dorian is our top priority today.


It's been extremely stressful, from anxiety to depression to panic, fear, anger. It's been a full palette of emotions. And I've paid my bills through the month of January. I applied for unemployment. I applied for many, many jobs, everything under the sun, from biotech lab work to retail to a fishing boat. I applied for at least 25 jobs.

The effect was building up on you, I guess.

Right, and just scrambling, panicking. What am I going to do?How am I going to pay my rent February 1?

Yeah, sounds like you enjoy your work.

turn 0 : Pushing away emotions and experiences only leads to exhaustion and they must be faced.

turn 0 : Monitoring Hurricane Dorian is our top priority today.

turn 0 : full palette of emotions means that there were many different emotions being felt

turn 0 : Hurricane Dorian is a severe and dangerous storm that poses a serious threat to the Bahamas

turn 0 : The hurricane caused severe destruction and devastation in the area.


That's true. And people who are addicted to it are too scared to death to tell anybody, because they're going like, yeah, if I tell somebody I'm addicted to a computer game, I'm going to get laughed out on the street, you know, because so many people haven't seen it or experience it, or they themselves are addicted, so they don't even want to believe that there's such a thing, because they might have to look at their own issue.

Just one quick piece of advice. If you're - you obviously tried to stay in contact with your son. He made it difficult for you, and he's dead. Whether or not some people would argue that it's not the gaming's fault, you think it is. One very small piece of advice for families who are trying to help someone.

I really need to talk to parents and tell them that these games are not glorified babysitters. And I see so many parents so excited because they're teaching their two year old to play games, and by five, they're addicted. You know, it's just heartbreaking to me, because it's like giving their child the drug, and they don't even know what they're doing. They're helping ruin their child's life, because it does affect their brain. It rewires their brain, and it affects how they function in society.

Well, Liz, thank you so much for sharing your story.

turn 0 : Video games can have negative effects on real life.

turn 0 : The story is not wild but interesting or exciting.

turn 0 : The story is a happy one that is also distracting and the people have been feeling sad so they need the story to make them happy again.

turn 0 : The cover story in question caused controversy but served an important purpose.

turn 0 : People are ashamed to admit they're addicted to computer games.


I know, I love the analog too, like you know, record players. But anyway. . .

The old school.

The old school, the truly old school. But speaking of the new school, there's this new phone, the T-Mobile Google Phone. It sounds like a bunch of stiff competition to the iPhone. And phones are so trendy now, they're like little, you know, it's like, what kind of phone do you have?It's like, you know, it's like, are we compatible?I don't know.

Like status statement.

turn 2 : It's implying that it resembles something old that was discarded and now returned.

turn 2 : The chaos caused by Brexit has unified European citizens and strengthened their attachment to the EU.

turn 2 : Populists' vision of the past could destabilize the EU

turn 2 : Europe wants to assert its independence from the US while risking consequences

turn 2 : old school in this context means that they are using something from decades ago or talking about it


Thank you so much for talking with us.

Well, thank you for calling me. This has been a big thrill for me, I can tell you.

Aw, I'm really pleased.

Made my day - made my year.

turn 3 :  implies that the speaker is expressing gratitude for the other person's time and attention.

turn 3 : The chaos caused by Brexit has unified European citizens and strengthened their attachment to the EU.

turn 3 : They are trying to ask what happen in Europe

turn 3 : several big issues are being discussed and negotiated at the same time

turn 3 : Person A waiting for a call, a long time. So he/she expresses as  "Made my day - made my year".


How are you doing?

Hello, Farai. How are you?

Oh, I'm good. You know, we've run in full tilt here. So, let's start with the Democrats. For months, Senator Clinton had held a comfortable lead over Senator Obama, nationally. All caveats about polls in place. What happened to their relative standing?

Hillary Clinton was over 50 percent in some polls in 2007, and then in - even in January - even after Barack Obama had shocked her in Iowa, she still maintained a 15 to 20-point lead in most polls taken nationally because Barack Obama had not yet been introduced to much of the country, and it was still kind of one-sided contest. But over the last couple of weeks, particularly since the South Carolina win really re-launched to the Obama momentum, he's been not just creeping up, he's been absolutely climbing up, and he has been taking over more and more states. And as a result, now even the national poll is reflecting that this race is too close to call - it's a statistical dead heat.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker might be implying a hidden agenda or ulterior motive behind their words, actions, or decisions, without making it explicit.

turn 2 : The UK government has removed citizenship from some people.

turn 2 : Implicated meaning: We have been extremely busy or working at full capacity.

turn 2 : He added this requires a great responsibility on the part of all of us to guarantee the good of the people of the United Kingdom and also the good and coexistence of the entire European continent. - This implies that all of us have a responsibility to ensure a positive outcome for both the UK and the EU.


Yeah. That really happened.

I believe you - popping ibuprofen before going out to dance to stop the pain, wearing high heels all day. You had it bad.

I really did. I was a little bit of a slave to heels, and I don't think I even knew it.

Why is that?Why do you think you like them so much?And obviously you're not the only one. A lot of people like them.

turn 2 : There is an idea that women must suffer through the pain of wearing high heeled shoes to be professional.

turn 2 : The US has failed to achieve its goals by trying to impose its standards of democracy and governance on foreign countries.

turn 2 : The coach is confident in the team's abilities for the Olympics.

turn 2 : She wore her high heels no matter what the pain she endured from them.

turn 2 : This statement implies that the British are known for Soccer disruption.


Power went out, so hopefully it will come back out soon.

So, power is already out.

Yeah.

I understand that Johnny White's is a good gathering spot. But what are you going to do for food and water and all that kind of stuff?

turn 1 : A is stating the obvious about the power being out

turn 1 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer

turn 1 : his is an idiomatic expression that refers to a conversation or discussion, rather than a literal act of talking with someone.

turn 1 : He may have said something offensive, but he didn't admit it.

turn 1 : It doesn't actually speak, but it it does mean that nothing good comes from the information.


And so, finally, what would affect this backlog?What would be the most - in your view, based on your experience - the most effective way to address this backlog - this enormous backlog of cases?

I think, to begin with, any high-volume court system - criminal courts, you know, outside of the immigration system - can only survive when you have - the two parties are able to conference cases, are able to reach pre-case settlements, are able to reach agreements on things. If you could imagine in the criminal court system, if every jaywalking case had to go through a - you know, a full jury trial and then, you know, get appealed all the way up as high as it could go, that system would be in danger of collapse as well. So I think you have to return to a system where you allow the two sides to negotiate things.

And you also have to give the judges - let them be judges. Give them the tools they need to be judges and the independence they need to be judges. And lastly, you have to prioritize the cases.

Before we let you go, I assume that there were different political perspectives at this conference, given that people come from all different sectors of that - of the bar. And I just wondered - and I assume that there are some there who favor more restrictionist methods and some who don't. I was wondering, overall, was there a mood at this conference?

turn 0 : case implies a situation and not a pack or suitcase

turn 0 : cases implies situations, issues or conditions and not suitcases or packs

turn 0 : More promising implies very beneficial and advantageous

turn 0 : Race is a deep-seated issue in society that cannot be easily solved


turn 1 : case implies a situation and not a pack or suitcase

turn 1 : cases implies situations, issues or conditions and not suitcases or packs

turn 1 : very good His words implied a threat. War implies fighting and death.

turn 1 : He made a promise that was stressed by him and gave people the impression he would do it regardless of what happens.

turn 1 : The tactics used were very dangerous and deadly to the protestors.


turn 2 : case implies a situation and not a pack or suitcase

turn 2 : cases implies situations, issues or conditions and not suitcases or packs

turn 2 : The disaster was so immense and overwhelming that it was hard to comprehend.

turn 2 : The disaster was so severe that it was impossible to save everyone, and the situation was out of control.

turn 2 : There can only be so many award winning, great movies out there for children.


There also seemed to be some significant milestones this week about the ongoing debate over - is this Trump's party now?We saw a lot of well-known intellectuals sort of leave the party. Longtime Republican strategist Steve Schmidt said he quit the Republican Party. Conservative columnist George Will called for Republicans to lose their majorities. And the sad death of Charles Krauthammer also seemed to signal maybe an end of an era here.

I think it is. Charles was a friend and a colleague. And I think his loss isn't just to conservatism in particular, but it's to political discourse in general because Charles was an - a conservative intellectual, not a Republican partisan. There was nothing tribal about him. So that was a really big loss.

Do you think there's any impact for people like Steve Schmidt leaving the party?

You mean impact on him?Well, he's not going to get Republican clients anymore. But. . .

(Laughter).

turn 0 : It doesn't come  into play physically. The statue is used during this time.

turn 0 : This turn is literal in meaning, as it is a straightforward question asking about the speaker's children.

turn 0 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using understatement or exaggeration to convey a message, often to emphasize a point or to add humor to a situation.

turn 0 : The literal meaning is that the speaker wants to examine the motives behind the actions of the people involved in the events. The implied meaning is that the speaker is questioning whether their mother's version of events was accurate and whether the motives behind the actions were as terrible as their mother portrayed them to be.

turn 0 : No actual stones marking miles, but events that mark changes in other events.


Oh, absolutely.

You know, like, what are some of the other barbecue don'ts that come up when all of you all get together?

I think hovering is a big one, people who want to jump on the grill before they've been invited to, people who think they're helping out by bringing a side of beef that they figure you have room on the grill to just add that into your menu, any kind of, you know, presumptuous guests.

What about some barbecue do's?Are there some do's that you wish people would do that they perhaps don't think to do?

turn 0 : on and off means in this context that they are doing something then not doing something

turn 0 : B is surprised or impressed by what A just said

turn 0 : B doesn't know the answer to the question and is making a random guess

turn 0 : B is asking A if he/she thought carefully before doing something.

turn 0 : don'ts  refers to unacceptable behavior and activities


Oh, absolutely.

turn 2 : (2) Grill: to question someone intensively and aggressively.

turn 2 : A is criticizing guests who overstep their boundaries during barbecues

turn 2 : All they have is the way of life that takes place outside of buildings.

turn 2 : There is a dangerous situation happening that requires people to seek shelter and take precautions.

turn 2 : you imply that something is the case


Oh, absolutely.

turn 3 : They are asking if the person watches over other's actions and controls them.

turn 3 : The house is too crowded to have political arguments

turn 3 : They mention that the House of Representatives done everything in their power to make sure they needs are met.

turn 3 : do's refers to all acceptable behavior and activities

turn 3 : (2) Implied meaning: Get enough votes to pass the legislation, no matter the number of votes required.


Well, no. There is no sign of that yet. They cannot do everything the Trump administration wants because, as we've discussed before, we are asking for structural changes that are at the core of the Chinese Communist Party's governance of China. So they - no, they cannot do that.

And they're entering, remember, a very sensitive political season. You've got the 30th anniversary of the Tiananmen Massacre coming up. They need to look strong. Xi Jinping puts himself forward as sort of the all-knowing, all-powerful leader of China. And he has to seem that it - to be defending the interest of the Chinese people.

So what are the risks to the United States, if continuing to raise tariffs, if it doesn't push China to make a deal?

Well, all of these tariffs cost the American people. President Trump repeatedly says that China is simply transferring money to American coffers. But there are numerous academic studies which indicate that these costs are being borne by the American importers and increasingly by American consumers.

And China is going to be very careful when it retaliates to target consumers in sectors in the United States that are supportive of President Trump. They've already done this in targeting soybeans. They're very deft politically, and that's what they'll continue to do. So they are going to make him politically pay a price. And American consumers will pay as well.

turn 1 : Xi Jinping wants to appear as a strong leader who fights against China's biggest rival

turn 1 : Xi Jinping needs to appear strong and defend the interest of the Chinese people during the sensitive political season

turn 1 : A is not fully agreeing with B's statement

turn 1 : B disagrees with the premise of the question but is willing to discuss it further.

turn 1 : B believes that the topic being discussed is not important.


turn 4 : China will retaliate by targeting American consumers and make President Trump politically pay a price

turn 4 : China is trying to negotiate the best possible deal while doing as little as possible to please Trump.

turn 4 : (4) Implied meaning: The speaker is not afraid of going out of their apartment; instead, they are motivated by their desire to bring positivity to their community and recognize the potential of the people in poverty-stricken neighborhoods.

turn 4 : (3) The literal meaning of this turn is that A failed to protect others, but the actual meaning is that A was only concerned with protecting themselves.

turn 4 : The speaker is implying that their protests might elevate beyond peaceful methods if they don't get what they think they deserve.


Well, there was a line of thunderstorms that was moving across Oklahoma. And most people were aware of it. But it spun up this brief tornado called a QLCS tornado. These are the specific kinds of tornadoes that happen in these lines of thunderstorms. And they're known for being brief and weak. But they're also known for coming with very little warning.

And this came at night. It only stayed on the ground for just four minutes. It was only 75 yards wide. But it hit right at this point - if you look on either one side or the other side of this 75-yard section, there's a car lot and a boat lot. It hit a motel and a trailer park. So two people died, and it was terrible.

And do you know what the situation is today in El Reno, how they're doing?

Well, they had already activated their severe weather plan. And this town is well-practiced because it was hit just six years ago by the largest tornado on record. They were already dealing with flooding that had happened earlier in the week. The governor of Oklahoma visited today. And President Donald Trump did call Governor Kevin Stitt while he was out and about saying that the nation's prayers were with Oklahoma.

And I imagine everybody who was in this trailer park has had to find somewhere else to stay for the meantime.

turn 3 : El Nino hasn't behaved as expected, making winter predictions uncertain

turn 3 : El Reno has experienced severe weather before and is prepared for it

turn 3 : The literal meaning of the turn is asking why they want to cause violence, but the implied meaning is asking why they find violence appealing or attractive.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: People are feeling resentment and anger towards people who think they don't have to follow the same rules as everyone else.

turn 3 : so this was a cry for civility, not I'm sick and tired and can't take it anymore?


turn 3 : Southern California has a lot of faults and is at high risk for earthquakes.

turn 3 : People are starting to follow suit in regards to the actions of others.

turn 3 : The goal of the provocative activity is to create division and unrest between opposing groups

turn 3 : El Reno is a town that is well-practiced in dealing with severe weather and natural disasters.

turn 3 : The key point is made to make people want to learn more about what happened.


You centered your article around a book that came out in May - "The Black Witch" by Laurie Forest. It had some buzz. Kirkus says, quote, "engaging character set in a rich alternative universe with a complicated history - a massive page turner that leaves readers longing for more. "But in March, the buzz took a turn. What happened?

A blogger who had an advanced reader's copy of the book disagreed with the reigning buzz and penned a 9,000 word review decrying it, basically, as an end-to-end mess of unadulterated bigotry. So this blogger disagreed with the premise of the book, which basically centers on a girl becoming enlightened to the fact that she's been indoctrinated into an ideology of racist superiority.

And once she had formed this opinion, she - you know, she wrote her review. And she got online and basically called for the activist crowd on young adult Twitter to boost it. And because of online dynamics being the way they are and because of how fast outrage travels, on Twitter especially, it really just blew up into a huge controversy that lasted for multiple weeks right up until the book released.

Did a lot of people who kind of piled on bother to read the book?

turn 2 : The content of the book is humorous and not meant to be taken seriously.

turn 2 : Is there any worry among Republican leaders and legislators about the low approval ratings of the Republican health care proposals?

turn 2 : The speaker is implying that the initial positive buzz surrounding the book was overshadowed by the negative review and the controversy that followed.

turn 2 : Democrats are usually in favor of reform while Republicans are not.

turn 2 :  implies that the Democrats should not become complacent with their current demographics and should focus on further outreach


Yeah, that's what's, you know, a little crazy about me because - and that's what my friends point out often. And even in the middle of terrible things happening to me, if there's one little piece of something positive happening, I'll think, yes. And I make these crazy logical leaps, like if some little positive thing happens, I suddenly think that, you know, Tom Cruise is going to star in some movie and it's going to get me, you know, bucket loads of money, and everything's fine. And it's all - they're delusions, but they keep me warm at night.

So this book just screams out to be made into a movie. It's written -no doubt - because of your skills in a very cinematic style. If it gets made into a movie, who do you want to play you?

There are a couple of people. I mean, I would think Terrance Howard would be terrific because he's so handsome, and I would feel like, wow, that's such an idealized version of myself.

And I love - you know, I love Don Cheadle, as well. He's so brilliant, and I would be honored if either one of them would play me.

turn 0 : All the turns in this conversation appear to have their literal meanings, and there are no metaphors, figurative language or idioms used.

turn 0 :  implies that the Democrats should not become complacent with their current demographics and should focus on further outreach

turn 0 :  This turn actually means that people should not expect to "love" Donald Trump as the Republican nominee, but should come together as a party to face the challenges that lie ahead.

turn 0 : (2) The implication of this turn is that Kerry is trying to get the two sides to agree to a transition government that will not include either of them, despite their protests and desires.

turn 0 : The turn in (1) where the speaker talks about making "crazy logical leaps" and having "delusions" that keep them "warm at night" is an example of a non-literal meaning, as they are using figurative language to describe their thought processes and coping mechanisms.


So in terms of what to do about it, we've said Twitter and Facebook have shut down these accounts, which prompts me to wonder - does shutting down a fake account do that much?Can't the Chinese government, if it's determined to go down this path, just open up two new ones in place of the one that was closed?

It is a cat-and-mouse game, and the companies are constantly trying to get ahead of it. You know, they will try to apply machine learning and artificial intelligence, but it is not a long-term solution. As you said, they can always set up new accounts.

Adam Segal, thanks.

My pleasure. Thanks for having me.

He is director of digital and cyberspace policy at the Council on Foreign Relations, talking there about the move by Facebook and Twitter. They have shut down hundreds of fake accounts they say were created by the Chinese government.

turn 1 : It implies that there is a lot of political maneuvering happening behind the scenes in China which an average Chinese person have no knowledge about.

turn 1 : Mice are constantly trying to get away from cats and cats are constantly trying to catch mice. In the same way, the Chinese government will always be trying to escape restrictions on social media accounts and media companies will always be trying to find fake accounts.

turn 1 : When you read the social media post, what did you think?

turn 1 : A believes that George Bush would want to avoid political discussions and focus on a more positive conversation.

turn 1 : (3) Suggests that Donald Trump is insecure about his intelligence.


And how did this start?

Well, about 20 years ago, we were thinking about doing a literary magazine because at the time there weren't too many journals out there for new writers. There weren't many literary journals at all during that time. And so we stumbled upon an idea that we had started with one of our friends from college where he had given me a first line to start a story. And then I would write the story. And then I would send it to him. And I'd give him a first line. And he would start a story. And he would send that back to me. And we did that. And so we decided that we'd open that up to the rest of the world.

How many stories do you typically get?

We run between 300 and 450 submissions in issue.

turn 0 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer

turn 0 : None of the turns in this conversation have a figurative or non-literal meaning.

turn 0 : "How did this start?" - This turn has a literal meaning and it is asking for the beginning of something.

turn 0 : None of the turns in this conversation have implied meanings different from their literal meanings.


And how did this start?

How many stories do you typically get?

turn 1 : In turn (2), the speaker questions the future of traditional journalism and whether there is an opportunity for novelists to fill the gap.

turn 1 : The turn in (2) is a figurative expression and its actual meaning is different from its literal meaning.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using metaphors or analogies to convey a complex idea or emotion in a more relatable or understandable way.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using a metaphor or analogy to convey a deeper meaning or idea, often related to emotions or personal experiences.

turn 1 : (2) is different from its literal meaning. While the speaker is describing the history of their literary magazine and how they started accepting submissions, the implied meaning is that the magazine has been successful and has been accepting submissions for a long time.


And how did this start?

How many stories do you typically get?

turn 1 : The literal meaning: The speaker mentions that they discuss this as a significant starting point or origin for the book. The implied meaning: The speaker suggests that this event plays a crucial role in shaping the themes or direction of the book.

turn 1 : "Well, about 20 years ago, we were thinking about doing a literary magazine because at the time there weren't too many journals out there for new writers. There weren't many literary journals at all during that time. And so we stumbled upon an idea that we had started with one of our friends from college where he had given me a first line to start a story." - This turn has a literal meaning and it explains how the idea of the literary magazine was born and how they came up with the concept of exchanging first lines to create stories.

turn 1 : None of the turns in this conversation have a figurative or non-literal meaning.


And how did this start?

How many stories do you typically get?

turn 2 :  (3) is not a meaningful statement, so its actual meaning is different from its literal meaning.

turn 2 : None of the turns in this conversation have a figurative or non-literal meaning.

turn 2 : 3) is the same as its literal meaning, which is asking for information about the number of stories typically received by the literary magazine.


And how did this start?

How many stories do you typically get?

turn 2 : The literal meaning of (3) is asking what type of story was popular in the 19th century that could be compared to a modern day internet meme. The implied meaning is asking what was popular or trendy in the 19th century.

turn 2 : - to say that Booker has chosen for himself a nearly impossible task implies that he has set himself a difficult challenge which will require a great deal of effort and determination to succeed.

turn 2 : "How many stories do you typically get?" - This turn has a literal meaning and it is asking for the number of stories that the magazine usually receives.

turn 2 : when something is spearheaded it means it is lead by

turn 2 :  to ask if Booker has a political future outside of Newark implies that he may have ambitions beyond his current role as mayor of the city.


And how did this start?

How many stories do you typically get?

turn 3 : (4) is the same as its literal meaning, which is a brief acknowledgement of what was just said.

turn 3 : kicked around means people are talking about it quite frequently

turn 3 : (4) is the same as its literal meaning, which is stating the range of submissions received by the literary magazine.

turn 3 : implies that the speaker was advocating for themselves to be violently punished,

turn 3 : In turn (1), the speaker implies that the big local newspaper was a point of pride and reflection for the community, despite the hostility towards it.


And how did this start?

How many stories do you typically get?

turn 3 : The implied meaning of this turn is that there is a large number of progressive candidates running in the runoff election, and Mayor Emanuel's political action committee is trying to reduce their numbers.

turn 3 : his is an idiomatic expression that refers to a conversation or discussion, rather than a literal act of talking with someone.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be subtly implying that they are not interested in continuing a conversation or that they would prefer to end the discussion.

turn 3 : "We run between 300 and 450 submissions in issue." - This turn has a different meaning than its literal meaning. It means that the magazine receives between 300 and 450 story submissions for each issue. The word "run" is used here to mean "receive" or "accept". This is an example of using idiomatic language, where a word or phrase is used in a way that is different from its literal meaning.

turn 3 : When this person says "shut up" they are expressing surprise and happiness, not hostility.


Correct. It was one of the first ones to come out like that, and so I had no idea it was different from any other game. I just thought it was another game. And he, within three months of playing it, he started - it started affecting his real life negatively. He lost his job. He got evicted from his apartment. By the way, he was 20 years old when he started playing this, so he was an adult. But very quickly it showed negative effects. His personality changed. He started becoming a different person. He became withdrawn, antisocial, depressed. His focus became gaming, and he no longer was concerned about his real life or his future.

When you think about your son, do you think that there were other underlying issues, whether it was depression or some other condition, that caused him to be susceptible to this?I mean, how do you balance that thought out?

I agree with that 100 percent. He had ADD, and from my experience, since 2002, probably 99 percent of the gamers that we've talked to who have problems with gaming have ADD. It seems to make them more susceptible.

Attention deficit.

turn 0 : People are ashamed to admit they're addicted to computer games.

turn 0 : That's his argument. He says it's uncomfortable but these questions need to be asked, otherwise powerful people can get away with terrible things."  Implicated meaning: The speaker acknowledges that the questions being proposed might cause discomfort, but they are necessary to prevent powerful individuals from evading consequences for their atrocious deeds. Without asking these challenging questions, there is a risk of enabling the privileged to escape accountability for their actions.

turn 0 : Video games can have negative effects on real life.

turn 0 : example of a rhetorical question, which is used to make a point rather than to actually seek an answer.

turn 0 : "How do you interpret what's going on in the administration around this very sensitive and consequential issue?" This question is not asking for a literal interpretation of what is happening but rather a more analytical and critical evaluation of the situation.


Attention deficit.

turn 0 : A had a difficult childhood with no celebrations, and later moved in with his father who was involved in illegal activities.

turn 0 : (4) is a straightforward denial of B's implied meaning, and does not carry any additional implied meanings beyond that.

turn 0 : The implied meaning is that A is inquiring about the details surrounding B's special person.

turn 0 : The video game had a negative impact on the son's life.

turn 0 : This statement from the passage implies the emotional impact of racism on the person of color and the discomfort and guilt experienced by the white person.


Attention deficit.

turn 2 : The availability of technology is causing more people to become addicted to activities they might avoid.

turn 2 : to look for something in this context means they are trying to see if something will happen

turn 2 : to approach someone with something in this context means you are showing them something

turn 2 : People with ADD are more susceptible to problems with gaming.

turn 2 : "caught our attention" means that something drew our interest, not that it physically grabbed us.


Attention deficit.

turn 2 : People with ADD are more susceptible to gaming addiction.

turn 2 : The rainfall from the hurricane varies depending on location

turn 2 : blue day implies a rainy and cloudy day.

turn 2 : The implied meaning of (3) is to encourage people to learn and understand the connection between the hurricanes, tornadoes and other natural disasters, without relying on someone else to do it for them.


I mean, imagine you go into the polls believing that migrants, refugees in general, receive much more sort of support than our pensioners and that migrants are violent and rape women and that climate change isn't real. Like, if you actually believe all those things because you have been lied to, I believe that clearly shifts your, at least, voting intention - maybe even stay home 'cause you lost trust in democracy or nearly is altogether. And that is a real threat. It's not just, oh, on the day before the elections, there's a fake news about your voting station. That's not what we're seeing.

What we're seeing is, like, long-term disinformation campaigns with the aim to drive us apart, to deceive us. And as a democracy, we need to stand up and, right now, say, now we vote even more because we believe that democracy's our strength, and we will not be manipulated by this type of behavior.

Christoph Schott, thank you.

Thank you very much. There was a joy.

turn 0 : People make their own decisions when it comes to voting and are not influenced by the media as much as one might think.

turn 0 : "blowing away" in line 2 - The phrase "blowing away" is being used metaphorically here to refer to the Tampa Bay Lightning's dominant performance against their opponents, rather than literal blowing.

turn 0 : Believing false information can impact voting decisions and democracy.

turn 0 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer


Mm hmm.

Interracial relationships, though, may still be controversial to some degree. How do you see the difference if you see one between interracial relationships today and the way they were when you were doing Society's Child?

You know, it's a huge difference from my viewpoint. There will always be those people who are just backward and ignorant. There will always be those people. They need somebody to feel superior to. For my point of view, I live in Nashville, Tennessee, there's no way I could have lived in Nashville at 16 in 1966, '67. There's no way that Nashville would have had room for somebody like me then. I see interracial couples all the time in Nashville. I'm a Jew in Nashville. I'm a gay person in Nashville. It's a non-issue in most of the time. That's a huge leap forward.

(Singing) You come to my door, baby, Your face is clean and shinning, black as night. My momma went to answer, You know, that you looked so kind. Now, I could understand the tears and the shame, She called you, boy, instead of your name, When she wouldn't let you inside, When she turned and said, "But, honey, he's not our kind. "She says I can't see you anymore, baby, I can't see you anymore.

turn 1 : She does not want to deal with her grandmother no longer speaking to her.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be suggesting that there are some hidden or unknown factors that could influence the situation being discussed.

turn 1 : something that was hinted at or suggested, but not directly stated.

turn 1 : she says I can't see you anymore, baby, I can't see you anymore.


Well, there's no doubt about that. So the near-Earth asteroids number about 500,000, but we only know of 9,000. And the reason that they're so interesting, Ira, is because they are actually energetically easier to reach than the surface of the moon. So we've been to the moon many times, and the moon is a great place, which is very worthy of our exploration. But just to give you an idea of how close some of the asteroids are, they're easier to reach than our own moon.

Yeah.

So they're not way out there in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. These are. . .

Right.

turn 0 : a lot of stuff means there is a massive amount

turn 0 : The actual meaning is that there are only 9,000 known near-Earth asteroids despite there being approximately 500,000 in total.

turn 0 : A is advocating for social and political change.

turn 0 : A implies that the process of political maneuvering can be absurd and comical to an outside observer.

turn 0 : The current situation is chaotic and not following the rules of the Constitution


Yeah.

Right.

turn 1 : In context, "Yeah" is used as a way to show agreement and understanding. Its implied meaning is that the speaker is in agreement with the idea being presented by the other person.

turn 1 : The turn "Yeah" in this context implies agreement with the previous statement, understanding, and interest in the topic, which is different from its literal meaning.

turn 1 : She might have discovered the illegal activity Rudy Giuliani was conducting.

turn 1 : came out implies she revealed publicly that she is gay

turn 1 : It is expected that your online privacy will be compromised.


Yeah.

Right.

turn 2 : It's likely there are similar Earths out there

turn 2 : The story is emotional and difficult to hear.

turn 2 : It affected the young people's emotions when they saw what happened.

turn 2 : The story is not wild but interesting or exciting.

turn 2 : The actual meaning is that near-Earth asteroids are easier to reach than the surface of the moon.


Right. We can run through who is to blame for this, but I'd rather talk about what the solution is. The sticking points are on immigration. The president wants to change the system. Are you willing to scrap, for example, the visa lottery where 50,000 visas are given out to individuals from countries who aren't represented. . .

I think we have to look at it in a comprehensive way. But the point right now is just the other day, just the other night, Mitch McConnell understood that he needed 60 votes to continue the - to pass a continuing resolution. And yet he went forward knowing he did not have the 60 votes. So it is time for the Republicans - let's be clear. They control the House. They control the Senate. They control the White House. They've got to sit down and negotiate and understand they can't get everything they want. . .

Right. But what are you asking for?What are you asking for, exactly?

What we're asking for is three things. We are asking for an annual budget which will provide equally for defense and nondefense spending. We are asking that months and months after these terrible disasters impacted Texas and Florida and Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands - that we deal with disaster relief. And we are asking what the American people want. Recent poll had 87 percent of the American people saying that DREAMers should receive, retain their legal status that Trump took away from them. And most of those folks think there should be a path toward citizenship.

turn 1 : The House Republicans have conflicting views on illegal immigration and the border wall, making it difficult to reach a deal.

turn 1 : The speaker is sarcastic about the so-called 'racial moment'

turn 1 : Republicans need to compromise and negotiate instead of trying to get everything they want.

turn 1 :  "Frankly, they kind of overdo it, you know? So for blacks to support Obama, he's got to make up his mind. Is he African or American? Because he can't be both. That doesn't make sense." The literal meaning of this turn is that Obama cannot be both African and American, and that it is difficult for black people to support him. However, the actual meaning is that there is a sense of confusion and identity crisis regarding Obama's background, and that this confusion affects how some black people feel about him.

turn 1 : (2) The literal meaning of this turn is that A made a stand against the colleague, but the actual meaning is that A had the power to stand up for others but didn't.


And when we returned at the beginning of this year, in the beginning of 2008, we could really see that the sectarian violence was beginning to abate, and that's continued tremendously throughout this year. So we've been able to focus a lot of our efforts on stability operations and infrastructure and just helping with building up the government and the local government forces there. So it's been a really good, positive year, and I think that the soldiers all the way down to the lowest level can see that progress.

And the Status of Forces Agreement, known as SOFA, went into effect today, and that among other things mandates the withdrawal of all U. S.  troops from Iraq by 2011. Are people talking about that?And how is it affecting them?

Well, the SOFA basically states that we will be continuing to work with the Iraqi forces for the remainder of the time that we're here. And it has set a timeline, but our timeline to come home really hasn't changed even according to that. But a lot of the troops now are looking towards the future, knowing that they'll probably wind up going to Afghanistan.

So right now, the schedule of deployments, we don't really know how far out that's going to go, and so people are just sort of looking towards getting our job done here and then heading home to their families.

turn 1 : Americans are not staying at home for vacations.

turn 1 : The U.S. government has a policy of not paying ransom for hostages or making concessions for political prisoners.

turn 1 : SOFA is not affecting the current timeline for troops to come home.

turn 1 : The president is trying to prioritize the needs of those who have been forgotten by society.

turn 1 : The president may be lying about not being informed


This was James Maynard at the University of Montreal.

Yeah, James Maynard, he got the current world record, which is 600. And that was very recently. That was November the 19th he announced it. It was all done on the Internet, and at one stage the record was tumbling at about every half-hour. So, mathematics, which usually takes place over months and years, for a period of a few months was going gangbusters fast. And this record was tumbling down. It seems to have settled at 600. It might creep down. I don't think the methods that we've got now will bring us down to 2. But 2 is within grasp. And because this ancient problem about 2 is within grasp, I would say 2 is absolutely the number of the year in mathematics. It's the number mathematicians have been talking about.

Keith, are there implications for this finding for those of us who think it's got nothing to do with us whatsoever should know nevertheless?

turn 3 : Their notion is to do as much as you can and don't think about the numbers too much.

turn 3 : joining us implies being part of a program or activity and not referring to mixing or attaching people together

turn 3 : 4) A: "You can bet that whenever there's an advance to do with prime numbers, the intelligence community is absolutely on top of it. Because in our knowledge of the prime numbers lies pretty well all of the secret codes that we use for communications around the world. It's all to do with the difficulty of computing some of the things we know theoretically happen in mathematics."

turn 3 : joining us implies being part of an activity and not being to mix up


Much like Stuxnet, Flame is also believed to be the handiwork of a nation-state. Why are antivirus experts so concerned about Flame?How does this malware tool, spy kit(ph) and eavesdrop?Who's behind Flame, and who are they targeting, and why is it being compared to Stuxnet?

That's what we're going to be talking about this hour. Our number is 1-800-989-8255, 1-800-989-TALK. My guest is Kim Zetter. She is senior reporter at Wired covering cybercrime, privacy, security and civil liberties. She's currently writing a book about Stuxnet and joins us from Oakland, California. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY.

Thank you.

What makes Flame different?

turn 0 : "What makes Flame different?" - The literal meaning is a straightforward question about the characteristics of the Flame malware. The implied meaning is that the experts have identified Flame as a unique and potentially dangerous threat, and they want to know more about it.

turn 0 : Although the person was not a paid photographer, they were heavily involved in a political campaign and took photos for personal interest. They would like to be a paid photographer for these clients in the future.

turn 0 : The speaker feels he has reached the height of his professional career by performing in a certain venue

turn 0 : "This is a fascinating piece of history and just to put this into some perspective, another Hasselblad camera that's sort of the direct lineage of this camera - that was said to have flown to the moon - sold earlier this year for nearly a million dollars." - Actual meaning

turn 0 : Turn B: The actual meaning of "handiwork of a nation-state" is that Flame was likely created by a government agency, rather than an individual or group. The term "handiwork" is used figuratively to suggest that the creation of the malware was a deliberate and skillful act.


Thank you.

What makes Flame different?

turn 1 : Turn B: The actual meaning of "Our number is 1-800-989-8255, 1-800-989-TALK" is that listeners can call in to participate in the conversation. The phone numbers are not meant to be taken literally as a topic of discussion.

turn 1 : "He gave you the personal phone number of the president, and I forget what the occasion was - but he said go ahead, try it. You'll get him directly." - This turn is using hyperbole. It means that the fraudster was so convincing that he made the speaker believe he had access to the president's personal phone number. It is unlikely that the president would give out their personal phone number to a stranger.

turn 1 : The House Republicans have conflicting views on illegal immigration and the border wall, making it difficult to reach a deal.

turn 1 : President Trump's immigration policy may have hurt Republican's midterm election results

turn 1 : There is doubt whether the Congress will be able to come up with a comprehensive solution for all the issues and it may require multiple attempts


Thank you.

What makes Flame different?

turn 3 : Turn B: The actual meaning of "What makes Flame different?" is not a literal question seeking to identify what sets Flame apart from other things. Instead, it is a rhetorical question used to introduce the topic of discussion and prompt the guest to provide information about Flame's unique characteristics.

turn 3 : "What makes Flame different?" - The literal meaning is a straightforward question about the characteristics of the Flame malware. The implied meaning is that the experts have identified Flame as a unique and potentially dangerous threat, and they want to know more about it.

turn 3 : The Trump administration has taken several steps that have made it harder for military members to get citizenship

turn 3 : Military members are facing challenges getting citizenship under Trump administration

turn 3 : The UK government has removed citizenship from some people.


And finally, I was going to ask you about that - this - are there other steps that Mexico is trying to take or would like to take to stop this flow of migrants through their country?

Well, the actual border between Guatemala and Mexico is an obvious place if they want to stop people coming through that they could block access. And having more agents down here, whether they're national guard or someone else, I mean, would certainly result in more detentions of migrants. Really, the question right now and the thing that I'm seeing is that the local immigration detention center here is at more than double capacity right now.

So there is definitely a question - if Mexico really does step up the number of migrants it stops here, does it have the resources to take care of them?And then, for those who need protection - those fleeing persecution - do they have the ability and the willingness to protect those people?

That is reporter James Frederick on the Mexican side of the Guatemala-Mexico border. He's actually about 30 miles north of the border at the moment.

turn 1 : Blocking access to the border between Guatemala and Mexico would be an effective way to stop migrants from coming through.

turn 1 : Mexico is facing a very serious and dangerous situation.

turn 1 : It is being implied that it will be difficult to proceed to court.

turn 1 : Case is a legal judgement that will take place before a judge.

turn 1 : Implies that the judge believes that the shooting was done out of self-defense, even though others may say differently.


The president's reaction, they're happy with, I think. The alt-right - Lana actually - I asked her this specifically - I said, you know, what do you think about Donald Trump?And she said, let's be honest; he's not one of our guys. We've never thought that he was one of our guys.

But the more that he does not disavow the things that they believe in and either tacitly or directly supports them, the better.

Seyward Darby - her article "The Rise Of The Valkyries" is published in the September issue of Harper's Magazine. Thank you so much for speaking with us.

Thank you so much for having me.

turn 0 : In statement 1, the speaker is subtly suggesting that the Republican friends should be open-minded and consider the possibility of voting for Trump in the upcoming election

turn 0 : The Trump administration has taken several steps that have made it harder for military members to get citizenship

turn 0 : A needs the help of USCIS and DOD to save their life.

turn 0 : The UK government has removed citizenship from some people.

turn 0 : A: "Let's be honest; he's not one of our guys." - The implied meaning is that the alt-right movement doesn't truly support Donald Trump, despite being happy with his reaction.


Thank you so much for having me.

turn 1 : A: "But the more that he does not disavow the things that they believe in and either tacitly or directly supports them, the better." - The implied meaning is that the speaker believes Donald Trump is indirectly supporting the alt-right movement by not publicly condemning their beliefs, and that this is beneficial for the movement.

turn 1 : The turn that has an implied meaning different from its literal meaning is (2) when B asks, "Can you explain what part of Donald Trump's message is working with religious voters so that they would overlook maybe even some of their basic Christian beliefs to support him?" The literal meaning of the question is straightforward,

turn 1 : to weight in on something means to give an opinion on something

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker is making a subtle suggestion or insinuation that others may pick up on, but without being too direct or forceful.

turn 1 : Actual meaning: B is challenging A's position and implying that it is morally questionable. Literal meaning: B is asking A if they want to align themselves with people who cut 3 percent from the Meals on Wheels budget.


Thank you so much for having me.

turn 1 : the speaker is suggesting that the more the President fails to disavow the beliefs of the alt-right and instead supports them, the better it is for their cause. This implies that the speaker may not necessarily have positive views about the alt-right, but sees value in the President's support of their cause. The literal meaning of the words might suggest that the speaker approves of the alt-right, but the implied meaning is different.

turn 1 : The literal meaning of this turn is that some people may question whether the President of the United States, who is from the South Side, is a role model for people in that area. However, the implied meaning is that the President should be doing more to address the issues and problems faced by the people in the South Side. The speaker is suggesting that the President has a responsibility to use his position to help the community and that some people may feel disappointed by his lack of action.

turn 1 : the literal meaning implies that B is asking for forgiveness from the Senator. However, the implied meaning is that B wants to interject or interrupt the conversation, acknowledging the potential interruption in a polite manner.

turn 1 : The actual meaning of the turn in (3) is that if the Senate only performs a ritual of asking hard questions without any intention to actually vet the judges, then declining to do that ritual is an important signal.

turn 1 : In (4), the speaker asks if the other person can recall a scene that accurately portrays suspects' behavior when questioned by the police. The implied meaning is that the speaker is interested in finding examples of suspects speaking to the police despite having the right to remain silent, possibly to better understand the phenomenon.


Thank you so much for having me.

turn 2 : "Thank you." - While the words "thank you" are often used to express gratitude, in this context it could also be interpreted as a polite way to end the conversation.

turn 2 : Russia here refers to or implies a prison

turn 2 : Well, that raises another question.So, did you take some top-secret operation and just thinly fictionalize it to this book and, you know, are... The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker is asking if the author took a real, top-secret operation and used it as the basis of their fictional book, and whether it might be recognizable to Russian agents.

turn 2 : Thank you so much for speaking with us." - The literal meaning is the speaker thanking the person for speaking with them, and the implied meaning is likely just gratitude and appreciation.

turn 2 : They mean that this is not a small way of being associated with Russia.


Thank you so much for having me.

turn 3 : Thank you so much for having me." - The literal meaning is the speaker thanking the host for having them, and the implied meaning is likely just gratitude and politeness.

turn 3 : "Thank you for having me." - The actual meaning is figurative, as the speaker is not physically being "had" or possessed by the host, but rather expressing gratitude for the opportunity to participate in the conversation.

turn 3 : The candidate had something troubling in their past.

turn 3 : This implies that this presidential race is unique and different from previous ones, possibly due to the diversity of candidates and the amount of news value it has.

turn 3 :  (3) Will American voters these days - and donors and journalists, for that matter - let a public figure change in public the way Robert Kennedy did?


I never approached any of the essayists with ideas in mind in terms of what I wanted them to write about. I wanted them to speak to their own truth to whatever they felt was the most poignant experience for them. And that was it for Nada, and Nada wrote so honestly about what she'd experienced. And it was all tied as well into her own career. It wasn't just about losing Anthony. It was about how all of those different threads came together in her life - the Arab Spring.

And that takes me back to the idea of hopelessness because that's Nada's story. She felt that way, and she was speaking to her own truth. And some of the women have similar feelings about the region, where it's almost like, well, this is just - the losses are too steep.

We mentioned resiliency. Are there other themes that connect these essays?

I think identity is a big one. All of them definitely feel very strongly about where they come from. I tend to say there's this idea of a homeland - and it's quite poetic in the Arab world - where, I'm from here. I want to be telling the story. This is the truth of what's happening in my homeland.

turn 0 : "larger struggles that were embodied in those arguments" Actual meaning: The arguments between the speaker and their mother were about more significant issues. Non-literal meaning: None.

turn 0 : suggests that the Democratic Party must put forth a more persuasive and powerful economic message to win more elections

turn 0 : The essayists were free to write about what was most poignant to them without any predetermined ideas (1)

turn 0 : This implies that A's decision to decline his reelection has a personal reason and not all for political reason.

turn 0 : People are uncertain about their vote in this election, and are hesitant to support either the Republican or Democratic candidate.


turn 3 : All the essayists feel strongly about their homeland and want to tell its story

turn 3 : A thinks that the world prefers simple or sad narratives over other themes.

turn 3 : "It's a trend we've seen" is a statement about a trend, not a literal description of what the speaker has seen.

turn 3 :  can be interpreted as a way to ask for an explanation for the sudden increase in homicides, not just a question about what has happened.

turn 3 : The implied meaning of this turn is that there is a large number of progressive candidates running in the runoff election, and Mayor Emanuel's political action committee is trying to reduce their numbers.


Because we are, alas, almost never chased by lions now, our stressors tend to be things that are not actually going to threaten our lives. The jerk at work, traffic, these things are not going to kill us, but they do elevate our stress response in a similar way, but they don't offer us the same opportunity to complete the stress response cycle. So we're walking around with a couple decades of incomplete activated stress response cycles in our bodies that are just waiting for us to go ahead and do the thing we need to do.

Physical activity is the most efficient. Affection is really powerful. One of our favorite recommendations is the 20 second hug. If you hold someone that long, it communicates to your body that you have a person in your life whom you love and trust enough and who loves and trusts you enough to stand this close together. And your chemistry shifts into a state of I have come home, which is the end of the stress response cycle.

At the end of each chapter, you have these little TL;DR recaps - it's internet talk for too long; didn't read. So what is the TL;DR for this conversation?What's the one thing you really want people to take away, Emily?

It's that wellness is not a state of being. It is not a state of mind. It is a state of action.

turn 1 : By being a touchstone it means it will be a strong stable moment that will evoke emotion.

turn 1 : The state department was loosing a great many employees.

turn 1 : She wrote an article asking if the police were not doing their jobs as well as they should have.

turn 1 : The behavior was unacceptable to what the people would accept.

turn 1 : Physical touch and affection can help complete the stress response cycle and create a feeling of safety.


Yeah. And it was supposed to be this sort of message of unity, right?We're all on the same page with this. And the president sort of flips the script, as he often does. And we're not just seeing this disconnect with Russia.

No. There are so many other examples. Last week, the president tweeted that he wanted Attorney General Jeff Sessions to, quote, "stop this rigged witch hunt" - in other words, the Mueller investigation - "right now. "But Sessions didn't do it. And then his - the president's top lawyers and his press secretary rush out to say, oh, he wasn't giving an command to anyone. And his FBI director Chris Wray has been on the record saying he doesn't think the Mueller investigation is a witch hunt.

Same thing on Iran. President says he talked to the Iranians without preconditions. Hours later, Secretary of State Mike Pompeo lays out a whole lot of preconditions. The president threatens to shut down the government over the border wall. Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell comes out and says nope. We're not shutting down the government.

And it's not just Trump's administration, right?We also saw this extraordinary message coming from his wife, the first lady.

turn 1 : "And yet he continues to call this a witch hunt. And, you know, I can't help but thinking that the hunters have caught some witches here." (The literal meaning of "witch hunt" refers to a search for people who are accused of witchcraft, but here it is being used figuratively to refer to the investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 US presidential election.)

turn 1 : The hurricane caused severe destruction and devastation in the area.

turn 1 : The tornadoes did not actually hit but touched down in the areas.

turn 1 : The forecast for the tornado warning was exactly right for the place and time it issued it.

turn 1 : The rigged witch hunt is something that is fixed so that a person looks guilty of something when they are not.


And how much of the war do you see?

I see a lot of the war. It's everywhere. It's just - it feels like we are back on time where hundred years back where we worry about every single thing. For example, I wake up in the morning and you worry, will I have electricity?These days, it's very cold. We cannot have heaters. Hospitals cannot operate because the shortage of fuel. And then when you go to the supermarkets, the prices have either doubled or tripled. A family that lives near to my parents, a neighbor of theirs, actually lost their child because they simply didn't have a single thing to feed them - no water, no clean water, no food. So it's really, really crazy to believe that you're in the 2018.

Yeah. What happens when you go to the market?What's for sale there?How much does it cost?

I'll just give you a quick example - eggs actually. In the past, we used to buy five eggs with 100 riyals but now just over the past couple of months, you buy one egg with 100 riyal. So it's becoming very hard. People will just lock themselves in their houses. And others who are trying to find a solution, they go out in the streets asking for help, but the rest are just dying inside their houses quietly. Sometimes they boil water and just put some spices on top of it and consider it a meal.

turn 0 : they are trying to imply they want peace not war instead

turn 0 : The scale of the flooding is massive and poses a serious threat to infrastructure and public safety.

turn 0 : 'the war' is not a tangible single entity that can be seen in one place - they mean they see evidence of it everywhere

turn 0 : The flooding is so severe that familiar landmarks are unrecognizable.

turn 0 : The levees are old and may not be able to withstand the water, causing people to evacuate.


Yeah. Mr. Champagne, is it rough to be - well, look, we've done stories in Englewood. What's it like to be a young man in Englewood now, surrounded, as I don't have to tell you, by a lot of crime, a lot of drugs, sirens all night?

Yeah, correct.

People who are, you know, afraid to walk the street. What's it like growing up that way?

Well, it's tough 'cause you got to know when to come outside, when not to come out; when to go to the store, when not to go to the store. You know, cross the street, go left, go right, you know, either way it go, you get, like, A, shot at or, you know, get jumped, get robbed. It's tough.

Yeah. And a program like this, how does it help you see things differently and what you should do differently?

turn 0 : Los Angeles is a diverse city with people from all backgrounds.

turn 0 : The rainfall from the hurricane varies depending on location

turn 0 : Yeah. Mr. Champagne, is it rough to be - well, look, we've done stories in Englewood.What's it like to be a young man in Englewood now, surrounded, as I don't have to tell you, by a lot of crime, a lot of drugs, sirens all night?