It was. So Apple's lawyers were incredibly practiced and very eloquent. They told a very compelling story for their case, and they told it in terms that were very easy for the jurors to understand. They had lots of well-done slides and pictures illustrating their points, and when they finished speaking, you were convinced that they were in the right.

Samsung, on the other hand, they were - they came across as being defensive a lot of the time and kind of brash sometimes. And their case was also a lot more complicated and involved much more technical terms, and so I think that might have been much harder for jurors to understand.

And so what - what exactly did the jury find?They sort of had a mixed bag of things.

Right, so they found patent infringement for a whole host of Apple's intellectual property in the case. They found 28 cases of infringement for some of the smartphones involved. They upheld Apple's patents on iPhone and iPad design, and now Apple is seeking injunction against eight of those 28 smartphones that were found to be violating Apple's intellectual property.

turn 1 : Samsung's lawyers were not as good as Apple's lawyers

turn 1 : Apple could have used their money for various productive purposes

turn 1 : A thinks that with their army of Tesla fans and experience with crowd funding, they can make a difference in Nikola Tesla's old laboratory.

turn 1 : Tesla is an underappreciated hero and people sympathize with him through the crowdfunding campaign

turn 1 : Many people sympathize with Tesla and want to support him.


turn 3 : Apple could have used their money for various productive purposes

turn 3 : The literal meaning of turn (2) is a question asking what the speaker can add to the race that other candidates do not already have. However, the actual meaning is that the speaker is being challenged to prove their value and justify their entry into the race. The literal meaning of the turn does not reflect the underlying challenge and skepticism expressed by the speaker.

turn 3 : Apple is seeking injunction against the 8 violating smartphones

turn 3 : There is no indication that the actual meaning is different from the literal meaning. It's a straightforward question about whether people at the location are excited about the election.

turn 3 : The turn in (2) is a figurative expression and its actual meaning is different from its literal meaning.


Sure. Sure.

. . . And two child actors were killed in a horrific helicopter crash. . . . . . And two child actors were killed in a horrific helicopter crash. . .

This is the "Twilight Zone" movie. This is the "Twilight Zone" movie.

The "Twilight Zone" movie, right, in northern Los Angeles County. The "Twilight Zone" movie, right, in northern Los Angeles County. And despite the fact that violations - Landis and the other defendants were acquitted. And despite the fact that violations - Landis and the other defendants were acquitted. No one has actually ever pled guilty to involuntary manslaughter when it comes to a film production. No one has actually ever pled guilty to involuntary manslaughter when it comes to a film production. So from that standpoint, this was an historic development. So from that standpoint, this was an historic development.

turn 3 : None of the turns in this statement have a figurative or non-literal meaning. The speaker is describing a situation where a defendant in a criminal trial confessed to the crime during the speaker's testimony, and the defendant's girlfriend later corroborated the speaker's testimony with her own testimony.

turn 3 : The implied meaning of this turn is that there is a large number of progressive candidates running in the runoff election, and Mayor Emanuel's political action committee is trying to reduce their numbers.

turn 3 : implies a contrast between the two parties and the different ways that they conduct their caucuses.

turn 3 : A: "And despite the fact that violations - Landis and the other defendants were acquitted. No one has actually ever pled guilty to involuntary manslaughter when it comes to a film production. So from that standpoint, this was a historic development." - The literal meaning is that Landis and the other defendants were found not guilty in a case related to a film production where someone died. The actual meaning is that the speaker is discussing the significance of the case, specifically that no one has ever been held accountable for a death on a film set before.

turn 3 : "to the left" - the literal meaning is a spatial direction, but the intended meaning is a political position that is more progressive or liberal than the average voter in the district.


Well, most of them are against the government, so many of them see even public health workers as the enemy since they work for the government. And every time there are clashes with the police or with government soldiers, you know, health workers have to wait a day or two or even more for them to get into these villages or territories to treat the people.

Yeah. You know, what struck me when I was reading your article was that the health officials actually think that this outbreak is made much worse because of these militias. It's almost like they've created the problem.

Absolutely. Because every, you know, day or hour of delay, there is the possibility that the virus will spread to someone else and then spreads to the entire village. And that could, you know, spread very dramatically.

So tell us a little bit more. You know, there are also experimental treatments. What kind of progress has been made there?

turn 1 : Health care workers are at risk of getting infected.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker is hinting at something they want or need, but they don't want to ask for it directly.

turn 1 :  "What's the reason for that?" is a literal question that means what is the motive or purpose behind the actions described in the previous turns, and its actual meaning is the same as its literal meaning.

turn 1 : The speaker is not actually asking a question but rather implying that the need has not yet been established.

turn 1 : The militias have amplified the outbreak of the virus by delaying healthcare workers from reaching affected areas.


turn 2 : The borders are not secure enough to prevent the virus from spreading

turn 2 : Delays in treating people with the virus could lead to it spreading rapidly.

turn 2 : A is advocating for social and political change.

turn 2 : "And in that sense, we are having a crisis that really affects Western liberal democracies writ large."  The actual meaning implied here is that the crisis being discussed is not limited to a specific country or region but has a broader impact on Western liberal democracies as a whole. It suggests that the crisis is significant and far-reaching.

turn 2 : Represented groups are unhappy with the current administration but can still participate in the political process


It's been busy, definitely your traditional day after Thanksgiving where the phone starts ringing earlier in the day, and it just keeps on ringing. We're going to have a lot of people. They're going to have a lot of company over from yesterday and a lot of the people trying to be helpful in the kitchen, and they're going to put those potato peels down the drain and carrot peels and all the stuff that normally wouldn't go down the kitchen sink drain.

Kevin, I've been one of those people before, a few years back. I actually had a busted kitchen sink on Thanksgiving Day, and I couldn't find anyone open that day. By the next day, I was in a panic. Do you get the panicked calls the day after?

Oh, yeah. Yeah, definitely. You know, people, they're going to find out that a lot of the plumbers have not opened and that maybe their regular plumber that they call always is not going to answer their phone or say that they'll get right back to them. They get a voice machine or something.

Because you can capitalize on people's need the day after Thanksgiving, do you charge any more today?

turn 0 : the implied meaning of stovepipe is that there's a lack of communication between the departments.

turn 0 : The actual meaning is different from the literal meaning in turn (3). When A says "these are a very tall or short people. A one-eyed sniper was one person that he referred to," they are not literally referring to people who are only tall or short or have one eye. Rather, they are using these descriptions as a way to suggest that the volunteers mentioned by the separatist commander are unconventional and perhaps not what one would expect to see in a typical military unit.

turn 0 : The speaker needs the help of the Army and DOD to survive because his life is in danger.

turn 0 : "Part of my job in the Pentagon was the oversight - civilian oversight of military planning" - The actual meaning here is not about the meaning of the words used but rather about the speaker's role in the Pentagon.

turn 0 : The amount of people who will be calling Kevin for plumbing help is likely to be significant due to the increased activity in the kitchen on the day after Thanksgiving.


The death toll in Sudan has risen sharply. A doctors group there now says more than 30 people were killed and hundreds wounded when the military fired on a sit-in outside the defense ministry. Pro-democracy protesters want a new government in Sudan. They have been negotiating with the military. In a televised statement, the military said now all agreements are off, and elections will happen within nine months.

Joining us now is Nima Elbagir. She is senior international correspondent with CNN. She was in Sudan not long ago, and she joins us now from London. Thanks so much for being with us this morning.

Good morning, Rachel.

Nima, I understand you're in touch with people in Khartoum. What are you hearing now that this violence has happened?

turn 0 : The protest turned violent, despite initially being peaceful.

turn 0 : "It's a big, tall woman with a terrible voice. And of course, that was Julia." - The literal meaning of this turn is a description of Julia's physical appearance and voice, but the actual meaning is that A is identifying Julia as the woman they were discussing earlier.

turn 0 : The systems are capable of being penetrated by someone.

turn 0 : Despite her domineering personality, she suffered from a lack

turn 0 : The military opened fire on peaceful protesters resulting in numerous deaths and injuries, causing political instability in Sudan.


And he was saying how we, you know, you here have been so fortunate. You've got to help. We need you. And then he pauses, and he says, for example, there's a young man sitting in this church today, my friends in New York, whom I respect. They tell me that this young man, his brain has been touched by God. But this young man told me something about himself, and I had the chance to meet him. His father was a chauffer and a gardener. His mother was a maid and a cook. And I said, oh, lord. I started, like, trying to hide in my seat. But he started really telling the story that was classic of many professionals. If somebody went and work for them, either their parents or grandparents that made it possible for them to have an education.

And then, he paused again. He said, you know, but he has forgotten from where he came. And I thought for a moment — because a - like a video of my mother, particularly when my father came up, and I started to cry. I mean, these tears came down. So I said this service is over. I didn't say a word, I just walked over and talked with my hand and I said, Dr.  King, when do you want me to leave?

Mm-hmm. And then you went onto work on what is Reverend King's most famous or certainly most quoted speech, the "I Have a Dream" speech. Now, today you can hear that speech used in a lot of different contexts. It's, in some ways, become background music for Black History Month, you know?

Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm.

turn 0 : "It makes you consider your own brain, I suppose." - This turn is a figurative expression that means the speaker is reflecting on their own life and experiences in comparison to the circumstances of the individuals whose brains were taken.

turn 0 : "his brain has been touched by God" - This turn has a figurative meaning and is not meant to be taken literally. It is a common expression used to describe someone who is exceptionally intelligent or talented.

turn 0 : B encourages Melissa to take pride in being tough and on top of things

turn 0 : she is often called the julia child means that she is the most famous chef

turn 0 : But I don't know about role model and the word role model, but I like the word responsibility. And Gina and I do feel a tremendous amount of responsibility in terms of the images we project, and the fact that, hopefully - you know, we get letters all the time, and I think one of the nicest letters we received was from one of our fans that watched the show that said, you know, you gals have really enhanced my marriage. Me and my husband, we get in the kitchen, we cook, and we spend time together. And it's those types of testimonies that really motivate Gina and I, and make us feel real good about what we're doing.  The phrase "enhanced my marriage" is a figurative expression that means the show has positively impacted the viewer's relationship with their partner.


Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm.

turn 1 : Turn: "didn't quite get the same glory" Actual meaning: Did not receive the same recognition or fame.

turn 1 : No, this is not the same thing that happened a couple of years ago. It might be similar, but it is not the same.

turn 1 : "he has forgotten from where he came" - This turn is also figurative and not meant to be taken literally. It is used to describe someone who has become successful and wealthy but has lost touch with their humble beginnings.

turn 1 : at the end of the day means something is likely going to happen or what happens after everything else.

turn 1 : None . There's nothing in this that implies anything.


However.

Well, you know, it is a good analogy. It's like, you know, you keep the umbrella around. Once it stops raining, you don't get rid of the umbrella, you keep it in the closet. It's the same with your savings. Even when you're doing well, you still have to put something away for the time that it rains, because guess what, it's always going to rain.

So, what are you going to miss most, do you think, about being on the show and giving advice to the radio audience?

Well, obviously the staff, you know - and you know, I don't want to get so melancholy but I have to tell folks that I have never enjoyed working with a group of people more than I have here at NPR. Really smart, caring people who wanted to produce a segment like this to - you see, I'm getting ready to cry - to really help people. This is the one job, and I've got like 10, that I love getting up to go to. And I'm going to miss the listeners. NPR listeners are the most thoughtful, and I get a ton of email - even from those who disagree with me, it was always in a way that was very respectful. And that says a lot about the people who listen to this program.

turn 1 : You put money in the savings in case you have a problem and need it

turn 1 : Having all your money in one bank is risky.

turn 1 : The literal meaning is that the listener doubts that they would tire of hearing from the speaker. The actual meaning is that the listener is being polite and respectful towards the speaker.

turn 1 : The literal meaning of the statement is Deborah Amos thanking the speaker, but the implied meaning is that the conversation is over.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using a euphemism or understatement to convey a more significant or sensitive message.


Well, I don't (laughter) know if it's going to be forever unique in that way. We have this evidence now of President Trump making calls along these lines. And you get a lot of - I got a lot of criticism. Sometimes for being too soft, sometimes for being too harsh. I'm banned from Russia by Vladimir Putin because we successfully prosecuted an international arms dealer named Viktor Bout. I was personally attacked by President Erdogan of Turkey because we prosecuted somebody that, you know, he had connections to in an indirect way.

I'm glad you mentioned Turkey's president. What happened in a different country, in a different system, when there was a prosecution of someone named Reza Zarrab, and it became a matter of political interest?

So Reza Zarrab was a gold trader, Iranian but also from Turkey, who was being prosecuted along with other folks in Turkey for various, you know, elements of misconduct. And those cases were made to go away because he was politically connected to two people who were close to Erdogan.

What did President Erdogan of Turkey do to make that case go away?

Well, he exercised his power in a country that doesn't have the same constitutional protections that America has. He relieved judges of their duty. He removed prosecutors from office. He shut down media outlets. And the case went away. Literally, the case was made to go away. Now, that is not something we've seen in this country and hopefully we'll never see in this country. And it's harder to accomplish in this country.

turn 0 : It does not seem clear on whether Trump made the phone call or received it

turn 0 : The implied meaning in turn (2) is that the author created the book out of a desire to educate young black people about their cultural history, which they may not have learned from mainstream media sources such as hip-hop videos.

turn 0 : The actual meanings of these turns are: (2) Martin Luther King was killed by a white assassin; (3) America doesn't understand or appreciate the contributions of black leaders during Reconstruction; (4) America's history of racism and white supremacy has been ignored or minimized for many decades.

turn 0 : Turn (1) has an implicated meaning that is different from its literal meaning. Although the speaker denies that the remarks were racially motivated, the implication is that the speaker believes they were in fact racially motivated, and is trying to downplay or avoid addressing that implication.

turn 0 : President Trump did not make calls along lines but made calls that are similar to what is said.


turn 2 : Case is a legal judgement that will take place before a judge.

turn 2 : It is being implied that it will be difficult to proceed to court.

turn 2 :  "Frankly, they kind of overdo it, you know? So for blacks to support Obama, he's got to make up his mind. Is he African or American? Because he can't be both. That doesn't make sense." The literal meaning of this turn is that Obama cannot be both African and American, and that it is difficult for black people to support him. However, the actual meaning is that there is a sense of confusion and identity crisis regarding Obama's background, and that this confusion affects how some black people feel about him.

turn 2 : The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker is a supporter of Obama and is not afraid to express it publicly, even if it goes against the expectations of his mother.

turn 2 :  "American blacks love African art, African clothes, African music. We're just not that crazy about Africans." The literal meaning of this turn is that American black people appreciate African culture but are not fond of African people. However, the actual meaning is that there is a cultural appreciation for African arts and music, but there is a disconnect with the people who produce them.


They do. The students often say things like, but I just want to fit in. I want to look like everyone else. And the people next to me aren't reading braille, so why should I?

So answer the question. Why should they?I mean, if it's easier to get along without having to rely on braille, tell me why you think it's still important. I'm just wondering if you're having a hard time making the case to parents as well as the students.

It's really not a hard sell to parents because we show them the data. We give them evidence that suggests students, when learning braille, they're more likely to get employment and have greater academic gains as while later in life.

How did you learn braille, by the way?Do you mind if I ask?

turn 0 : The education system is not working properly and is causing a lot of stress for students.

turn 0 : The radicalization of people through activity on the internet has not been defeated yet.

turn 0 : The sites were not actually cracked but were opened by unauthorized people.

turn 0 : Implied meaning: The speaker is indirectly suggesting that they may have information or opinions that they are hesitant to share openly.

turn 0 : The students feel pressure to conform and not be different from their peers.


turn 2 : Finding funding for the education of young people is a significant challenge that affects my sleep.

turn 2 : I think "trial balloon" refers to an event being on a provisional basis to see what effects it will have.

turn 2 : It is difficult to provide three meals a day with $1.75, and sheriffs can keep the leftover money for personal use

turn 2 : Learning braille has practical benefits for students' future employment and academic success.

turn 2 : The person found a lot of people not shopping and instead watching how much they spend on things in order to save money.


Yes, yes, in fact three weeks ago, General Electric came here because they now realize that this is coming with a vehemence and changing - that all the lighting is going to be this. And of course they've got a lot of pride in this, and they could use it for their purposes.

So they came here and filmed one morning. I was pretty rough on them, in a sense, because I said I'm not going to do anything special for you guys. I believe in you, I've worked with you and all that, but just come in here with your stuff and film. And so it's in my drawer here.

It's going to be - you're not giving it to the Smithsonian or anybody like. . .

Hey, Ira, it's a tiny little crystal, and it's hard to believe that a tiny little crystal, you tickle it with a current, and wham, it'll blind you. In other words - I don't really don't know what ought to be done. You know, John Bardeen didn't give his first transistor box to the Smithsonian. It's here in a museum, and I don't know. That's an interesting question: Where should things like that go?

turn 1 : The attack looked so perfect, like something straight out of the movies.

turn 1 : to loosen the credit squeeze means that credit is very harsh and it needs to be less harsh in this context

turn 1 : A is not willing to do anything special for General Electric's filming

turn 1 : (3) implies that there is a possibility of further financial compensation beyond the previously approved payments, while

turn 1 : The government purposely made the loan terms harsh for AIG to avoid accusations of a sweetheart deal.


DR.  MEENAKSHI WADHWA: Thanks, Ira.

Let's talk about your collection. How did you get a collection?

So, this is actually part of a great story too. There's a really famous collector, an Arizonan, Harvey Nininger, who had this wonderful collection. He is probably the person who I would say was responsible for bringing up the science of meteorites to the United States. And he had this great passion for meteorites. Actually, in the natural world in general but a great passion for collecting these space rocks. And he did this in the 1930s and '40s, and he had this wonderful collection, probably the best in the world.

And towards the late 1950s, he actually sold - he was basically deciding what to do with it and wanted it to have a life beyond his at some point and he sold half of it to the British Museum.

Wow.

turn 3 : What I think is so interesting about looking at the life of someone like my grandfather over the course of nearly a century is that you see that there is a kind of ongoing momentum of change that exists throughout his life and that takes him and those alongside him in many different directions - This implies that change is an ongoing process that people must adapt to if they want to move forward.

turn 3 :  This turn actually means that the speaker is more concerned with the alternative (Hillary Clinton, Barack Obama, or Bernie Sanders) than with a "Never Trump" attitude, and that it is important for the country and party to come together despite any reservations about Trump.

turn 3 : life beyond his means that something lasts beyond his lifespan

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is indirectly suggesting that they may have information or opinions that they are hesitant to share openly.

turn 3 :  This turn actually means that people should not expect to "love" Donald Trump as the Republican nominee, but should come together as a party to face the challenges that lie ahead.


They're placing a lot of their hopes on the Chevy Volt, the electric car that's due out at the end of 2010. What do you think about that, and do you think that that's enough to help the company?

In reading through the General Motors restructuring plan, they talk about it as if it's the next Ford Model T.  I think the language that they use is a fundamental reinvention of the American automobile industry. And, you know, I hope it is, but you have to be skeptical about anything coming out that will fundamentally reinvent the industry, at least at this stage. It's too mature an industry right now.

Is there anything that GM can say when they go before Congress tomorrow and Friday?Is there anything that they should do, do you think, that could save it?

Their objective in going to Congress is not to save the industry. Their objective in going to Congress is to get money from Congress. And if you read through these documents, they are - especially the General Motors document, it is full of really shameless Americanizing, patriotic propaganda. It's geared to getting the money, and that's their objective. And I believe they will come away from Washington with money.

turn 3 : patriotic propaganda implies that General Motors is using pro American speech to get taxpayer funds for their own purposes

turn 3 : There is a concern that American lobbyists may sell secrets to foreign adversaries.

turn 3 : (1) has an implied meaning that is different from its literal meaning. The literal meaning is that the speaker is asking if there is any sign of improvement in the situation being discussed, but the implied meaning is that the situation is bad and the speaker is hoping for some positive news or indication that things will get better.

turn 3 : (1) The actual meaning of turn (1) is different from its literal meaning, as it implies that the speaker is ready to defend their state against any legal challenges from the Trump administration and has a track record of success in litigation against them, indicating a confident and confrontational approach.

turn 3 : (1) is the same as its literal meaning, which is explaining the decision-making process behind cutting rations in a situation where there is a shortage of aid.


turn 3 : The federal government is hesitant to provide financial assistance to the struggling auto industry.

turn 3 : GM is only trying to get money from Congress, not save the industry. (line 4)

turn 3 : (2) "Does President Trump, after this week, have the confidence in Congress and in other quarters of opinion, to lead the country on this and other issues?"

turn 3 :  implies that the Democrats should not become complacent with their current demographics and should focus on further outreach

turn 3 : The speaker believes that America is currently not living up to its potential and wants a leader who can bring the country back to a place of pride and respect on the world stage.


And a lot of people might ask, how are you measuring innovation and creativity?

Well, most people measure innovation typically by looking at rates of patenting. Now people have become to track the number of start-up companies emerging in urban centers or the venture capital. And the good news is that cities are upping the ante. New York now, Manhattan is the second highest center for venture capital-backed start-up companies behind only Silicon Valley. But the other caution I wanted to make, and I think you know and folks listening know I'm a dyed-in-the-wool urbanist, that also places like Silicon Valley, which are somewhat car-dependent, can work. They can emulate many of the functions of the city.

So as we begin to build denser cities, the key is not just piling up people in buildings higher and higher and higher and creating vertical suburbs where people just interact in the building, it's to build cities that can be dense, that can have multi-story buildings, that can be close together. But having that interaction is a key part of keeping our cities innovation and creative not only here but in those emerging economies around the world.

Is there a difference in expense as well?Some of those older buildings in New York, hardly any place in Manhattan that anyone would describe as cheap, but they're less expensive in SoHo or Chelsea than they are in one of those big high-rise buildings in Midtown.

turn 1 : The problems of today are the necessity for innovation to occur.

turn 1 : Measuring innovation and creativity is not limited to patenting and also includes the number of start-up companies and venture capital.

turn 1 : The speaker is not actually asking a question but rather implying that the need has not yet been established.

turn 1 : The person is asking the other person if they can say someting that might make them think differently about something.

turn 1 : They are asking if the other person can help them to understand what they mean.


turn 2 : Building denser cities is not just about creating vertical suburbs but also about fostering interaction to keep cities innovative and creative.

turn 2 : The development of the city will be very difficult due to the lack of infrastructure.

turn 2 : more ants pile on means that more ants are attracted to the sent.

turn 2 : There's no aggression with ants that do not behave like normal ant colonies.

turn 2 : Fire ants are not ants of fire but they have a sting that feels like fire on the person.


Yeah. I mean, maybe you should - give it a shot. And then let me try it after.

That is so good.

Converted her. Fan of grapefruit.

You know why?'Cause it doesn't taste like grapefruit.

Right. Is it good?Is it to boozy?

turn 4 : (5) Refers to asking if the new food is good or too strong in terms of alcoholic content.

turn 4 : (4) is that the toe must be served in a specific type of alcohol.

turn 4 : In turn (1), when the speaker says, "Was impelled by government programs that said to people, every American should be in a home," the literal meaning is that government programs encouraged homeownership. However, the implied meaning is that these programs were promoting homeownership to an extent that was beyond what was sustainable or responsible, which ultimately led to a housing bubble and the 2008 financial crisis. The turn implies that the government's encouragement of homeownership was misguided and had negative consequences, which is a departure from the literal meaning of the words used in the turn.

turn 4 : The turn that has an actual meaning different from its literal meaning is (2). The speaker is not talking about physically diving into something, but rather delving into the topic of a new class of online retailer that uses Shopify and AliExpress. The implied meaning is that the speaker has started researching and investigating this topic in depth

turn 4 : Turn (2) implies that the speaker has no opinion on the subject but is interested in hearing the opinions of others and is marveling at the idea of how much can change in 40 years.


Colin Powell - not one black candidate on the ticket, but two. That would be remarkable.

Well, let's also remember Colin Powell is a Republican. He would establish a kind of bipartisan bridge. And if you want to say, yes, it's a ticket of two African-Americans, which it would be, it is already a ticket of one African-American. So people who have perhaps a problem with that might not necessarily have that much more of a problem with two.

And I think that the advantage that it would have would be to say, we're kind of, in a sense, taking race off the table here. We're not talking about electing the first black president. We're asking you to vote for Barack Obama and Colin Powell and look at those two individuals.

It's a really interesting suggestion, I would imagine that a number of Democrats would say, wait a minute, he was on the wrong side on Iraq. Plus, we've got our own guys. We want a Democrat, a real Democrat. Who's out there?

turn 1 : Race relations are a critical issue in California

turn 1 : In this context, "Yeah. Yeah." is not meant to indicate agreement or affirmation, but rather a sign of impatience or boredom, suggesting that B is not particularly interested in the conversation or does not want to continue discussing the topic.

turn 1 : Framing the ticket as Barack Obama and Colin Powell instead of the first black president could take race off the table.

turn 1 : the simple agreement "yeah" could convey a range of meanings depending on the speaker's tone and context. It could indicate anything from sincere agreement to disinterest or even sarcasm.

turn 1 : In context, "Yeah" is used as a way to show agreement and understanding. Its implied meaning is that the speaker is in agreement with the idea being presented by the other person.


turn 1 : bipartisan bridge implies that Colin Powell would appeal to Republicans and Democrats.

turn 1 :  In statement 2, the speaker is implying that Trump should make a statement that can help heal the divide between him and the Republicans.

turn 1 : The literal meaning is that the speaker wants to examine the motives behind the actions of the people involved in the events. The implied meaning is that the speaker is questioning whether their mother's version of events was accurate and whether the motives behind the actions were as terrible as their mother portrayed them to be.

turn 1 : The literal meaning is that the speaker questions the accuracy of their mother's version of events. The implied meaning is that people have different perspectives and interpretations of events, and that the speaker wants to understand the motives behind their mother's actions.

turn 1 : In turn 2, the speaker is implying that even though Mr. Putin's arguments may sound familiar to those of Hitler in 1938, the analogy between the two is still an exaggeration.


turn 2 : Race is a deep-seated issue in society that cannot be easily solved

turn 2 : Implied meaning: Is there any indication of what will happen next in the conflict?

turn 2 : This turn is literal in meaning, as it is a straightforward question asking about the speaker's children.

turn 2 : taking race off the table implies that people would not consider race in the election

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using a sarcastic or ironic tone to convey their true feelings or opinions about the situation, without explicitly stating them.


The Staples Singers, Booker T and the MGs, Isaac Hayes and more - but the Stax tale isn't just one of another record company that became an international sensation. It's a story of tragedy - business and personal. But most importantly, it's a tale that features racial harmony in a city with a troubled racial history. In the late '50s and early '60s, Memphis, Tennessee was a city divided.

It was a city that you might say had hate pulsing through its veins.

That's author Robert Gordon. He lives in Memphis. His new book is "Respect Yourself: Stax Records and the Soul Explosion. "But Stax didn't start as an explosion of soul. The owners of Stax Records, Jim Stewart and Estelle Axton, set out to do something very different.

They were two white siblings. Jim was a white country fiddle player. You just wouldn't believe how far black music was from their minds at the time.

turn 0 : "racial harmony in a city with a troubled racial history" - The literal meaning of this turn is that there was peace and cooperation among people of different races in Memphis, despite the city's history of racial conflict. The implied meaning is that Stax Records, a company that brought together black and white musicians, played a role in promoting racial harmony and bridging the racial divide.

turn 0 : Turn (4) has an implied meaning different from its literal meaning. While the literal meaning is that Stax is capturing the sound of the street and that the racial tensions outside are not affecting the recording, the implied meaning is that Stax is bridging the racial divide and bringing people of different races together through music.

turn 0 : The implied meaning is that the person hopes for interaction and engagement between individuals interested in building their family tree or learning about family research, and that they will come across unexpected articles and ideas, leading to interesting discussions and experiences on the site.

turn 0 : They suppose that informing young people in an engaging way would be appropriate.

turn 0 : B: Now, what about the bloggers who are, you know, in our camp. What story are they hitting? The actual meaning: What topics are the bloggers supporting or focusing on? Literal meaning: What stories are the bloggers physically striking or hitting?


turn 2 :  "an explosion of soul" - The literal meaning of this turn is that there was a sudden and powerful growth of soul music. The figurative meaning is that Stax Records played a major role in popularizing soul music and creating a cultural movement around it.

turn 2 : Turn (4) has an implied meaning different from its literal meaning. While the literal meaning is that Stax is capturing the sound of the street and that the racial tensions outside are not affecting the recording, the implied meaning is that Stax is bridging the racial divide and bringing people of different races together through music.

turn 2 : The administration does not move forward physically but initiates plans to deal with immigration.

turn 2 : Mexico is facing a very serious and dangerous situation.

turn 2 : The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker believes that the U.S. will suffer from the consequences of withdrawing from UNESCO, both on a global and a national level.


turn 3 : the musicians actually created a spark in the speaker's imagination, but the figurative meaning is that the musicians inspired the speaker's creativity.

turn 3 : The Democratic memo contends Page was under surveillance for many reasons which initially had nothing to do with the controversial Steele dossier

turn 3 : "black music was from their minds" - The literal meaning of this turn is that Jim Stewart and Estelle Axton were not thinking about black music at the time. The implied meaning is that they had no previous interest or exposure to black music, which makes their eventual success in the soul music industry all the more surprising.

turn 3 : The first memorandum makes unfounded allegations to undermine the FBI.

turn 3 : The White House made a mistake by not releasing the Democratic memo, which may discredit their claims of FBI corruption.


Well, here's my question for you as a photographer. When you have a person who is as photographed as Barack Obama has been and for God's sake is going to be for the next four years, how do you find a shot that separates you from the rest of the crowd of photographers when he is your subject and target?

Well, certainly, that is an exceedingly difficult thing to do. But you try and capture, you know, the moment because he is a man that connects with the crowd and with the message that he has. So you're looking for that little twinkle in his eye or that little different look that he may have.

But frankly, Tony, a lot of my work was gauging the crowd as they were entranced with the day, and it was such a wonderful group - such a wonderful experience for ua all to be there. And I tried to capture some of this on film because there were black people, there were white people, there were Asian people, there were brown people there. And I have never been in a mob like today, just in terms of the density of the crowd. But everyone was so cool. And when they announced that - when they introduced the then-president-elect and he came - I mean, it was a roar, and you try and capture some of that on film.

Now, I have about 20 seconds for you to answer this. When he actually put his hand on the Bible and said - and accepted the oath, were your cameras trained on the crowd at that moment and did you get a shot?

turn 1 : He will not take an actual shot but will try to become president if he gets the chance.

turn 1 : (4) Implies that the speaker is asking if the restaurant that the person they are talking to owns has helped them in any way with their endeavours.

turn 1 : Finding a unique shot of Barack Obama is challenging but possible.

turn 1 : The narrator said there's no ads as in interruptions from A's mind. He wants an explanation to why he took the job.

turn 1 :  (2) implies that Mr. Groves is joining the conversation for the purpose of providing his expertise on the topic.


At dusk tonight - the Belmont stakes, and an engaging chestnut named California Chrome has a chance to be the first horse to win the Triple Crown - a sweep of all three of the major thoroughbred races since 1978. We're honored now to be joined by Laura Hillenbrand. She's a horse rider by trade, of course she's author of the perpetual best-selling "Seabiscuit. "Laura, thanks so much for being with us.

I'm so happy to be here Scott.

What is there about the Belmont stakes that frustrates so many great four-legged athletes who've already won two big races?

They call it the test of their champion for a reason. It is a tricky race. It's run around the biggest track in the country so strategy is different. You have to move a different place. It's a race that requires a lot of the jockey.

The thing that makes it the hardest in terms of sweeping the whole Triple Crown is the horse that gets there with a chance to win it as California Chrome has. They've already competed in the Derby and the Preakness, which are two incredibly difficult races. And now, in the span of five weeks, they have to try the third one. And it's the hardest one of all, the longest one of all. It's really asking a huge amount of them. And that's why, in my whole racing fan life, I have never seen a horse sweep the Triple Crown. I've seen 12 horses go to the Belmont with a chance to win it, and all of them have failed.

California Chrome is called the people's horse, kind of like Seabiscuit.

turn 0 : the meaning of "pin your heart on this beautiful little horse and this odd cast of characters around him" is to invest your emotion or faith in Chrome and his team, even if there is no guarantee of success.

turn 0 : The implied meaning of the first turn is that people have become apathetic to the problems facing the city and are not taking action.

turn 0 : a chance to be the first horse to win the Triple Crown" - This implies that California Chrome has the opportunity to achieve a rare and prestigious feat by winning all three major thoroughbred races, rather than simply having a possibility of winning.

turn 0 : In turn (1), the speaker asks why the neighborhoods around Logan were affected by some issue or problem. The literal meaning of the turn is a question about the specific cause or nature of the issue.

turn 0 : The turn in (1) implies that the speaker is excited about the attention they're receiving because they have a history of making groundbreaking decisions in the political arena.


I'm so happy to be here Scott.

turn 2 : The speaker is suggesting that if people remain calm, then the horses will remain calm as well.

turn 2 : In turn (2), the speaker expresses their hope that The Root evolves into a platform where writers engage with each other and with communities outside the website, creating a vibrant marketplace for ideas. The literal meaning of the turn is straightforward. However, the implied meaning is that The Root aims to foster a diverse and inclusive online community where different perspectives are heard and debated. This suggests that the website has a broader mission than just providing a platform for writers to share their ideas.

turn 2 : "frustrates so many great four-legged athletes" - This suggests that the horses experience challenges or difficulties in the Belmont Stakes, which goes beyond the literal meaning of being frustrated.

turn 2 : "Well, about 20 years ago, we were thinking about doing a literary magazine because at the time there weren't too many journals out there for new writers. There weren't many literary journals at all during that time. And so we stumbled upon an idea that we had started with one of our friends from college where he had given me a first line to start a story." - This turn has a literal meaning and it explains how the idea of the literary magazine was born and how they came up with the concept of exchanging first lines to create stories.

turn 2 : (2) is different from its literal meaning. While the speaker is describing the history of their literary magazine and how they started accepting submissions, the implied meaning is that the magazine has been successful and has been accepting submissions for a long time.


I'm so happy to be here Scott.

turn 3 : the meaning of "pin your heart on this beautiful little horse and this odd cast of characters around him" is to invest your emotion or faith in Chrome and his team, even if there is no guarantee of success.

turn 3 : The implied meaning in turn (3) is that the author saw a lack of knowledge among young people in their community about their own cultural history and wanted to address this deficit by creating a book with images and information about that history.

turn 3 : "It's a race that requires a lot of the jockey." - The literal meaning of this phrase is that the race demands a great deal from the jockey. The figurative meaning is that the jockey needs to have a lot of skill and experience to navigate the race successfully.

turn 3 : The implied meaning of turn (2) is that the speaker was tempted to find out if it was possible for the student to access the books they mentioned.

turn 3 : The literal meaning: The speaker mentions that they discuss this as a significant starting point or origin for the book. The implied meaning: The speaker suggests that this event plays a crucial role in shaping the themes or direction of the book.


I'm so happy to be here Scott.

turn 4 : "It's really asking a huge amount of them" - This indicates that the race requires a significant physical and mental effort from the horses, rather than simply making a request or demanding something from them.

turn 4 : The speaker is suggesting that the community has been very supportive of the horses.

turn 4 : Actual meaning: A is pointing out the lack of discussion and attention given to a potential solution to a problem due to the dominance of the Trump-related discourse. Literal meaning: A is discussing a method of repealing Obamacare that involves tax credits and encourages consumer choice.

turn 4 : Implies that the speaker is asking for the other person's opinion about the political implications of the current situation.

turn 4 : (3) has an implied meaning different from its literal meaning. The speaker is describing a military base that was not strategically important but was taken over by Russian forces because it was symbolic. The base was given an ultimatum to evacuate, but the soldiers and pilots chose to stay and fight. The speaker describes the situation as "very expected," which implies that similar events have occurred before.


(Laughter).

I was going to go as Robert Siegel, so that'll be perfect.

Esquire magazine's editor at large A. J. Jacobs. Happy Halloween, A. J.

Thank you. Happy Halloween, Scott.

turn 2 : The implied meaning is that A is inquiring about the details surrounding B's special person.

turn 2 : B is playfully addressing A as A.J. Jacobs, a well-known journalist and author, likely as a joke or as a nod to A's profession.

turn 2 : If they began to lose money steadily then they would change their pay.

turn 2 : The past compensations for financial firms have been excessive.

turn 2 : The company may be motivated to pay the settlement to avoid further legal complications.


(Laughter).

Thank you. Happy Halloween, Scott.

turn 2 :  Esquire magazine's editor at large A.J. Jacobs. Happy Halloween, A.J. The literal meaning of this turn is that B is greeting A.J. Jacobs, who is the editor at large of Esquire magazine. However, the implied meaning could be that B is dressed up as A.J. Jacobs for Halloween, suggesting that they are celebrating Halloween in a creative way.

turn 2 : The implication is that wealthy people or those with access to wealth may be able to avoid criminal punishment by using blood money.

turn 2 : Using "dead broke" to mean completely out of money is a non-literal meaning.

turn 2 : (4) is the same as its literal meaning, which is a brief acknowledgement of what was just said.


Yeah, they hired an engineer from Southern California, a guy named John Minasian. And Minasian was an expert in towers, and he built rocket gantries for Cape Canaveral for the Saturn rockets. He also built missile testing gantries for the Air Force at Edwards Air Force Base and broadcast towers. And he contributed pretty significantly to the Needle design in terms of - for one thing, being from Southern California, he'd studied with Richter at Caltech. He said you're going to - we're going to put in a foundation that will stand the test of time.

Mm-hmm. And it has been and, you know, you're in a very tectonic part of the world. There are a lot of earthquakes that happen here. I imagine that was taken into account in the design.

Yeah. They did wind tunnel test at the University of Washington, and they basically doubled the load so that it was twice the required code at the time. I talked to an engineer who worked on the project says it could - it'll stay standing with a nine point, you know, quake.

Wow. Well, and was it designed with the Cold War in mind?We were right in the middle of the coldest past of the Cold War at that time.

turn 3 : They need the countries to realize this is the way things should be done in other countries.

turn 3 : They were in the middle of the highest tensions between the two countries.

turn 3 : Prosecutors have more power than judges in determining charges

turn 3 : It is being implied that it will be difficult to proceed to court.

turn 3 : Case is a legal judgement that will take place before a judge.


Well, they all have different - they work differently, you know, in terms of the receptors they hit, in terms of how they're metabolized in our body and how they interact with our body's tissue. So each one is a very different animal in trying to attack.

Is this something that a drug company would be interested in developing, if you found some research or did some of the basic research?

I really wish it would, but I think a lot of big drug companies don't feel that drug addicts are a great investment. So they've kind of shied away from looking at therapies for addiction. I wish they would get more involved, that's for sure.

Well, what about something for an overdose?You don't have to be a drug addict to have an overdose.

turn 2 : Race is a deep-seated issue in society that cannot be easily solved

turn 2 : has a figurative meaning, as it is implying a joke about the idea of Dame Stella turning her experiences into a novel.

turn 2 : This turn is literal in meaning, as it is a straightforward question asking about the speaker's children.

turn 2 : She is not being put in a box. She means the roles people apply to her and her life.


In the fall of 2017, Bowe Bergdahl was dishonorably discharged from the U. S.  Army for deserting his post in Afghanistan years earlier. His rank was reduced. He had to pay a fine, but he did avoid prison time. And on the day Bergdahl was sentenced, President Trump tweeted that his sentence was a, quote, "complete and total disgrace. "This wasn't the first time Trump had weighed in on the case. On the campaign trail, he had called Bergdahl a dirty, rotten traitor and said he should be executed for deserting.

Now, this week, a panel of military judges ruled that Trump's comments were evidence of what's called unlawful command influence. That's when someone higher up on the chain of command tries to influence the outcome of a military trial. Here to further explain unlawful command influence is Stephen Vladeck. He teaches military justice at the University of Texas School of Law. Welcome.

Thanks for having me.

So I should first mention that while these military judges did find evidence of unlawful command influence, they still declined to change Bergdahl's sentence in any way. Bergdahl still lost his appeal. That said, what were the specific comments from Trump that these judges took issue with?

turn 0 : "The Trump administration, or at least the president, has expressed doubt in the CIA's conclusion, and President Trump has previously criticized the U.S. intelligence establishment.

turn 0 : Trump's tweet was an attempt to influence the outcome of the military trial

turn 0 :  implies a respectful and grateful invitation to Professor Dredge to join the show, while

turn 0 : when Joe Bennett says "I'm sure that you will say that the other shows address these issues. However, I disagree in the format in which they do," he implies that the other shows may address issues that affect African Americans, but not in a way that is satisfactory or effective.

turn 0 : The implied meaning of this turn is that Dave LaBounty is grateful for being given the opportunity to be on the show


It's going to be tough to do that tonight if there's a clear trend early, and there's a reason why, it's the Internet. Everyone's going to be look at the Internet. The Internet's going to be full of all kinds of numbers, exit polls, there are going to be all sorts of people predicting one way or another.

And the cable operators, the cable television news operations, CNN, Fox, MSNBC are going to in a tremendous competition to see which one of them can call it first, and that's going to pull the broadcasters over. So I don't think people in California can expect that the East Coast will not be talking about a winner, if there is a clear winner, before the polls close in California. Now, that isn't necessarily a good thing, I'm not trying to put a. . .

Right.

Put a happy face on it, it does make people in California feel angry to hear the race declared over hours before the polls close in that state. But because it's going to be on the Internet just about every where, and I suspect we'll start seeing it on cable television, it's going to be hard for the networks to resist the temptation to do the same.

turn 3 : This make sure anger for every violence people get some illegal activities

turn 3 : that the people don't want any more violence and want it to stop

turn 3 : The speaker is suggesting that the situation might not be as serious or dangerous as it initially seemed.

turn 3 : The speaker is expressing sympathy for the victims and their families.

turn 3 : : The speaker is expressing frustration or disappointment about a situation, and may be looking for empathy or support from the listener.


Who happens to be black.

You know.

And happens to be benched right now.

Happens to be benched. What do you make of this?I think Vince's issues I think are quite different from Tarvaris. I think there was a lot of pressure on Vince from the time he came out of Texas to kind of be the black Johnny Unitas, and he's going to - they'll both have an opportunity to sit and watch, and hopefully come back with a vengeance.

One really quick other black quarterback not in the league at the moment, in Atlanta, Michael Vick. Is Matt Ryan, the replacement, making Atlanta Falcon fans forget Michael Vick?

turn 0 : The conversations do not talk about race but avoid it.

turn 0 : "Now, I don't for a moment expect you to identify with the people who attacked your store. But can you - can you see where fancy bowls of cereal would kind of fit into their agenda about the world, their neighborhood changing right before their eyes?"

turn 0 : A is implying that there have been small reports of violence, such as stones being thrown at mosques and shops being burned down.

turn 0 : The person being black is relevant to the conversation

turn 0 : "It's a trend we've seen" is a statement about a trend, not a literal description of what the speaker has seen.


Who happens to be black.

You know.

And happens to be benched right now.

turn 2 : Vince's issues are related to the pressure he faced due to expectations of being the next great black quarterback.

turn 2 : : The speaker is expressing frustration or disappointment about a situation, and may be looking for empathy or support from the listener.

turn 2 : The fact that the quarterback is black is important to the conversation

turn 2 : The implied meaning of (3) is to encourage people to learn and understand the connection between the hurricanes, tornadoes and other natural disasters, without relying on someone else to do it for them.

turn 2 : The speaker is expressing sympathy for the victims and their families.


Oh, by all means. I mean, the family in particular has been just, I mean, courageous. I've been at this 50 years now, and sometimes families withdraw, and we understand that. But this family has been a model of participation in all of the rallies, the demonstrations that we've had, and some of the members will be arrested. Therefore, they have sent a message across the city, indeed across the nation, rallying young people because Sean was about 22, 23, rallying young people to this cause.

Now, you and Reverend Sharpton's National Action Network were involved in protests around the shooting death of Amadou Diallo. Civil disobedience played a big role in those protests. What do you think those protests taught you, or what did you learn from them?

Well, you know, we've been doing this across the years. There's nothing new about a civil disobedience. But having 1,200 people arrested in a daily civil disobedience venture is phenomenal. It made an impact upon the police department itself and upon the politics in New York. Giuliani was the mayor at that time.

We hope that we will have a residential law. That is to say that policemen should live where they work. So that would mean you kill where you live. And I suspect that if you're going to kill where you live, you'll be more inclined not to kill, and we hope that there would be an independent civilian complaint review board that would review the behavior of the police.

turn 0 : The family in question has shown exceptional bravery and commitment to activism.

turn 0 : A is advocating for political activism and social justice

turn 0 : Many academic reports are cited without actually being read.

turn 0 : Common ground means a place in opinion where two different sides think alike.

turn 0 : The speaker disagrees with the other person's argument.


turn 1 : The protest will be disruptive and cause inconvenience to the city

turn 1 : There is a lack of progress in the political process for the Syrian crisis.

turn 1 : He does not go into Syria, just told what is happening there.

turn 1 : Jordan is open to international efforts to resolve the situation in Syria, but is not taking unilateral action

turn 1 : Protests involving civil disobedience had a significant impact on the politics and police department of New York.


turn 3 : A case of police brutality is being investigated and all involved are subject to that investigation

turn 3 : The speaker believes that the protests need to be more extreme for America to acknowledge the issue, but not necessarily violent.

turn 3 : In this turn, the speaker is not just providing a straightforward answer to the question asked by the interviewer. Instead, they are using the opportunity to condemn the violent behavior of protesters and emphasize the importance of peaceful demonstrations. The implied meaning is that the government does have a policy for dealing with protesters, but the speaker is more interested in making a statement about the need for peaceful protest.

turn 3 : The implied meaning of the first turn is that people have become apathetic to the problems facing the city and are not taking action.

turn 3 : The implementation of a residential law for policemen and an independent civilian complaint review board would decrease police brutality.


So what is the argument that tech companies make about the feasibility of designing technology that would satisfy everyone's concerns?

We're not all on the same page here. So most of us in the technology community are opposed to what we call backdoors that would allow law enforcement to tap in. And the reason is is if you put a backdoor in, hackers can presumably get a hold of that backdoor as well and break it open. So you make systems less secure for everyone if you do that.

At a Senate hearing this month, FBI Director James Comey says he thinks that experts in this field aren't really trying hard enough to give the government access without also putting confidential data at risk. That is, I took it to mean that he's - thinks that if you try hard enough, you can think of something that is not a backdoor, that's different so that not everybody could get into it.

You know, yes, you can always argue that a backdoor can be built that's more secure, you know, and more difficult to get to and only law enforcement's going to get there. But nobody in the field of security believes that's ultimately going to provide this same protection that a tight end-to-end solution has without a backdoor. So I don't think it's a lack of will. I think it's an issue of what people view as constitutional rights under the Fourth Amendment, number one, and what customers and business partners expect around the world from secure computing systems. And it's a difference of view.

turn 2 : is asking how intelligence agencies have changed in response to Edward Snowden and WikiLeaks hacking

turn 2 : The police may be downplaying the number of protesters.

turn 2 : There will be a lot of formal events but street protests will be the highlight.

turn 2 : : In (3), James Comey is implying that experts in the field should be able to come up with a solution that would allow the government to access confidential data without compromising security, which is not the same as saying that if they try hard enough, they can come up with a different type of backdoor.

turn 2 : The protests are still significant despite not being widespread


I want to ask you about an episode in which math, science figures into the plot even if you don't realize it at first. And this is "Springfield or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Legalized Gambling," where Homer gets endowed with Henry Kissinger's brain.

Of course, that comes about because - I don't know how to explain this - Henry Kissinger uses the loo, and his thick glasses fall into the loo. And Homer puts them on, and he's endowed with this perception.

Well, the thing about that is that it sounds like Pythagoras' theorem. So he gets it all wrong. It sounds right, but it's wrong. And he's actually quoting the scarecrow from "The Wizard of Oz" - because when the scarecrow gets his diploma, he reels off exactly the same equation. It sounds impressive, but it's actually all wrong.

And you say in the book that your judgment is, it was calculatedly wrong because of the way Ray Bolger must have had to rehearse to be able to make that recitation.

turn 2 : (3) is a sign of amusement, indicating the speaker was laughing at the metaphor.

turn 2 : In this turn, the speaker is not just providing a straightforward answer to the question asked by the interviewer. Instead, they are using the opportunity to condemn the violent behavior of protesters and emphasize the importance of peaceful demonstrations. The implied meaning is that the government does have a policy for dealing with protesters, but the speaker is more interested in making a statement about the need for peaceful protest.

turn 2 : The speaker is implying that their protests might elevate beyond peaceful methods if they don't get what they think they deserve.

turn 2 : A is implying that the citizens were expressing their gratitude to Muscovites for protesting.

turn 2 : (3) A says that Homer's use of Pythagoras' theorem in the episode "Springfield or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Legalized Gambling" sounds impressive but is actually all wrong, and that he is actually quoting the scarecrow from "The Wizard of Oz". The actual meaning here is that Homer's use of Pythagoras' theorem is a parody of pseudo-intellectualism and academic jargon, and is not meant to be taken seriously.


turn 3 : A's statement: "It's quite easy, you know? But it's very hard to make (playing piano)." Here, A is not saying that playing the piece is easy, but rather that the notes and mechanics of playing the piece are technically simple. However, bringing out the beauty and artistry of the piece through proper interpretation is challenging.

turn 3 : you don't really know that much about this.

turn 3 : They would not do bad things were most people would find out about them.

turn 3 : B is impressed or surprised by what A said.

turn 3 : (4) B says that Ray Bolger's recitation of Pythagoras' theorem in "The Wizard of Oz" was calculatedly wrong because of the way he must have had to rehearse it. The actual meaning here is that Bolger intentionally delivered the theorem in a way that made it sound impressive and convincing to the audience, even though it was not accurate. This highlights the idea that performance and presentation can be just as important as content, and that people are often willing to overlook mistakes and inaccuracies if they are presented in a compelling way.


Like, do they even know really how to describe it?

It's been heart-wrenching. You know, I'm a parent. I have a have an almost 3-year-old, and I, you know, had to try to interview some kids about that age over the last week and even kids a little bit older. One in particular who sticks out of my mind was a 7-year-old who, you know, I asked one question - who'd you come to the U. S.  with?She said, my aunt, and then she just broke down in tears and couldn't really say anything else.

The government is basically making the argument that they want to make sure that they connect kids with their proper legal guardians. I mean, is that in conflict with trying to protect them?

It is absolutely the government's responsibility above all to reunify kids with parents where that's appropriate and where that's in their best interest. What really worried me about speaking with kids on the border who had been held for, as I said, weeks in the Clint detention facility was that there has no evidence that anyone was making any efforts to reunify these kids with parents. I personally started tracking down parents where I could to connect them with their children. And in every case, they had had no idea where their child was, and no one had contacted them.

turn 1 : The speaker interviewed young children affected by the border crisis.

turn 1 : The situation of sick children at the border is worse than immigration officials claim

turn 1 : The fact that A's parents were from Pakistan led to their failure in background checks.

turn 1 : A's decision to join the U.S. military is not typical due to his background and experiences in Pakistan.

turn 1 : Being called a Muslim terrorist is hurtful and dangerous.


Hmm. Was this a candidate for the - one of your Ig Nobel Prizes?

Everything's a candidate for the Ig Nobel Prize. This one has not won. But the disturbing thing here is what it says that - is that there's a lot of science out there done over generations that assumes that damage to bones had to come from teeth or from knives beforehand. Now we know a lot of damage to bones happens from the chemicals inside the body. So there's a lot science out there that people believe in that may not be quite so correct.

And is that one of the reasons why you put a lot of these stories together in your book, to talk about what science is out there that people may not be aware of?

Yeah, yeah. And I'd like to say that this particular story, by the way, I'm kind of happy with the headline I came up with for that. I called it "The Tasting of the Shrew. "

turn 1 : Not all scientific beliefs are accurate, even if widely accepted.

turn 1 : The impact of Hurricane Dorian resulted in extensive damage and loss of life.

turn 1 : Hurricane Dorian caused extensive damage and loss of life.

turn 1 : Staying in low-lying areas during hurricane will cause certain death


They have. About 40-plus have gone, probably as we talk, a number of them have left.

He's not considered a good candidate to lead the party to victory in a general election, I gather.

No, no, he's not. The leadership's come to him very late in life. He's a poor communicator. And that makes it very difficult to win over votes. He excites a section of Britain young people who will turn out in their thousands for his rallies and his meet and. . .

They feel the Bern.

They feel the Bern. The comparisons, again, you can see parallels between what is happening in Britain with what is happening in America. And they're not false. They're not invented.

Kevin Maguire of the Daily Mirror who joined us on Skype, thanks very much for being with us.

turn 2 : The people should obey their leaders or lose their jobs.

turn 2 : Even though the narrator already explained the word it is still needs a repeat as harvested means already gathered from the field.

turn 2 : The program of providing direct payments to farmers is more feasible than dumping large amounts of crops on poor countries.

turn 2 : This statement of  A implies that the Aspirant is too old and does not have a good communication skill to be a leader.

turn 2 : Credit is important for farmers to survive and the credit crunch has made it more expensive and difficult to obtain


They feel the Bern.

turn 3 : idiom meaning that members of Corbyn's shadow cabinet have been leaving their positions, and is not meant to be taken literally.

turn 3 : The supporters of Jeremy Corbyn are very committed and enthusiastic about him.

turn 3 : Hitting the nail on the head means to state the truth. The deaf ears are people that don't want to hear about it.

turn 3 : "Don't try to chew that gum" has a figurative meaning. It is a warning or joke to not try to interact with the virtual gum as if it were real gum.

turn 3 : The literal meaning suggests that Todd taught A not to scream and not to pay the employees. However, the actual meaning is that A learned from Todd's mistakes and did not engage in those behaviors.


They feel the Bern.

turn 5 : Most everyone in the country is feeling that they have to cut back on spending money.

turn 5 : The criticism is by some that are offended by the langauge.

turn 5 : "it's quite clear that it is a cherry-picked narrative.But reading it makes you wonder if that's an insult to cherries." Implicated meaning: The speaker thinks that the narrative is biased and selectively chosen. They express their criticism in a humorous way, by questioning if even cherries would be offended by being associated with the narrative.

turn 5 : The situation in Britain is similar to that in the United States, with many people showing support for the candidate.

turn 5 : The speaker is pointing out the cultural differences between America and their country, where America tends to cover up imperfections while their country embraces them. Implicated meaning: The speaker values authenticity and honesty over superficial appearances.


So, what I think is, at least, a part of the solution is, when we do something, to take a small group and to stay with them. I stayed with a group of girls for a year at a time for over a decade, and I did see two or three people who called me a couple of years later, Judge, I just want to tell you how well I am doing.

It's not a great answer. It's not the answer everybody wants to hear because it's not a panacea, and it's work intensive while the success rate is low, but I think it's what has to be done.

Judge, always great to talk to you.

Always.

That was News & Notes contributor, Judge Lynn Toler. She's a former municipal court judge and now hosts the syndicated television show, "Divorce Court. "She joined us from the studios of KJZZ in Temple, Arizona.

turn 3 : something that was hinted at or suggested, but not directly stated. When a person looks at his watch

turn 3 : Great Britain's process of leaving the EU is chaotic

turn 3 : The politician holds some wise ideas despite his radical and populist views.

turn 3 : The chaos caused by Brexit has unified European citizens and strengthened their attachment to the EU.


I agree. I was shocked - really shocked - when I found them. And then many things happened to me with Chopin through my life.

Such as?

Well (laughter), you're not going to believe this if you don't believe in the unknown normal. But I had a death mask of Chopin given to me. Some friends came over, and they said, what's that?I said, it's death mask of Chopin. That's what they used to do in those days. When someone died, they'd get someone to put wax on his face and make this death mask as a memorial. I took it off - down. I said, please be careful with it because it's, you know, very unique. There are only two or three in the world. My wife was there. My son was there - he was about 17 - and these two friends. And, suddenly, a fluid started coming out of one of the eyes. And I put my hand into this fluid, and it was salty. So I guess there was no question in my mind these were tears. What I felt was that Chopin was happy that he could communicate somehow with the current world.

You know, I learned one thing. People who are negative about these kinds of unknown normal things - they will never change. They'll always find another way that it could've happened or try to find another way that it could've happened. But I just give up try to convince them because they won't ever be convinced. The ones who are skeptics - once they hear about it, they say, oh, actually, it's real.

turn 0 :  In this context, "shocked myself" is not meant literally, but figuratively. It is meant to imply that the speaker was pleasantly surprised by their own work.

turn 0 : it represents the person is very enthusiastic and interested to be engaged in doing it

turn 0 : "shocked - really shocked" is a figurative way of expressing the speaker's strong emotional reaction.

turn 0 : AGREE WITH THE TURN AND IMPLIED MEANING AND BELIVE THAT EVERYONE

turn 0 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using a metaphor or analogy to convey a deeper meaning or idea, often related to emotions or personal experiences.


Such as?

turn 2 : The tear in your eye is not a literal tear, but a metaphor for sadness or emotions

turn 2 : There are videos of ants moving about rapidly and randomly.

turn 2 : There's no aggression with ants that do not behave like normal ant colonies.

turn 2 : "fluid started coming out of one of the eyes" is a literal description, but the interpretation of the fluid as tears from the death mask is a metaphorical or supernatural belief.

turn 2 : Fire ants are not ants of fire but they have a sting that feels like fire on the person.


Such as?

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be hinting at a desire or need for help or support from the listener.

turn 3 : black per person implies African American person  and not a black color human being

turn 3 : (4): Implied meaning: Advising to not waste energy in trying to convince people who are negative about unknown normal things, since it is not possible to change their mindset.

turn 3 : whites refers to the Europeans and Americans and not just a color

turn 3 : The speaker is worried that their work may contribute to the stereotype that black people are oversexualized.


Exactly.

They look like USB drives that you could sneak into a classroom.

And put in a backpack - and, frankly, most parents aren't going to have the first clue what it is. And what the picture is underneath it, the caption says, Mom, it's a USB drive. That is expressly targeted to students. And I want to shut that practice down in my state.

Is there any difference between the suit that you put forward this week against these eight companies and the suit you filed in the spring against Juul?

turn 1 : The appearance of the devices is deceptive and can be easily hidden from parents and teachers. The devices are designed to look like USB drives and are targeted towards students for their discreet usage.

turn 1 : The implied meaning of turn (2) is that the speaker was tempted to find out if it was possible for the student to access the books they mentioned.

turn 1 : Space-based energy system could potentially solve energy crisis.

turn 1 : "Should space be the new frontier of warfare, or should it actually be a place where, indeed, these cooperations flourish?" - This phrase implies that there is a debate over whether space should be viewed as a potential battlefield, or as a place where nations can work together peacefully and collaboratively on scientific and exploratory projects.

turn 1 : The planet is far away from us, but it's measurable


The State Department has said that the ambassador concluded her three-year diplomatic assignment in Kyiv as planned, that there was no kind of retribution or she was not yanked back unceremoniously. Why are there doubts on that in the diplomatic community?

My understanding is that Ambassador Yovanovitch had been expected to stay on in her position through the end of the summer. And then suddenly in May, there was a torrent of criticism, including a tweet by the president's son, Don Jr. , calling her a joker and calling for her dismissal and a bunch of Fox News segments criticizing her. And then, lo and behold, she was called back, and the explanation was put out that this was as planned. But it was completely inconsistent with everything else we understood about her term and expected tenure in Ukraine. And the notion that this was done to coincide with a transition of power in Ukraine is very far from standard practice. That doesn't make any sense.

I can see your eyebrows raised from here about this whole story. And I guess what is the lesson that you think other State Department workers are taking from this?Is it the idea that you're vulnerable to attack from the president?Is it becoming a target of right-wing sites?Like, what is the thing that you think will have a chilling effect?

The core problem here, which Congress is appropriately focusing on in the impeachment hearings, are primarily about, is the president abusing his power and what looks like withholding military assistance to a vulnerable partner country in order to advance his political aims?So that's No. 1, and that's front and center.

turn 0 : She probably did not literally say "OK" etc. The implication is simply that she thought these types of things and decided to act upon them.

turn 0 : joining us implies being part of a program or activity and not referring to mixing or attaching people together

turn 0 : She was not abruptly forced to return with no reason given.

turn 0 : joining us implies being part of an activity and not being to mix up


Yes, of course. Even other aspects which are today very interesting, for example, pollution or noise reduction, so this was also the interest of Ferdinand Porsche to create an electric car, because there was no admission, there was no noise. Ja.

So why didn't it go into production widespread?

It went into production a few years later. In the year 1900, he further developed the idea of an electrical car with a hybrid system. So in addition to the electrical power supply, he placed two combustion engines in another car, and a few cars were sold as the first hybrid cars in the world in the year 1902.

So why did the combustion engine become predominant in the industry, do you think?

The problem was the weight of the cars. This battery pack weighs around 500 kilograms, so this was almost half the weight of the whole car. And the combustion engines, they were much smaller then. So I think it turned from the electrical engines into the combustion engines. And then they made their way to the successful, still successful, power supplies for the cars of the future.

turn 3 : Implies that the speaker wants to know if the engine has been started and is running.

turn 3 : President Trump did not make calls along lines but made calls that are similar to what is said.

turn 3 : (1) The speaker is not only suggesting using technology to alert providers when they may be entering orders for the wrong patient, but also emphasizing the importance of preventing medical errors in the healthcare system.

turn 3 : The speaker was falsely accused and wrongfully blamed.

turn 3 : The actual meaning of this statement is that it is asking why the combustion engine became the predominant power supply for cars instead of the electric engine.


So they're easy to identify, too.

I wish they were even easier. . .

But at least we can, and that's I think going to be really good. And that leads to this, you know, kind of futuristic way where you could put a little nanochip in the blood for people who are at risk of heart attacks, and then it could constantly have the blood under surveillance of these cells and then send a signal to one's cell phone, a heart attack app, which you would get the alert that, you know, something's brewing over the next several days.

Yeah, maybe a Facebook update, too.

turn 3 : "maybe a Facebook update" implies a ridicule of A's statement.

turn 3 :  implies that you should be mindful of the information you hear and stay informed.

turn 3 : They thought he was a joke or not a serious person

turn 3 : (1) "B: (Laughter)." This turn implies that B found something funny or amusing, but it does not provide any literal information or statement.

turn 3 : he literal meaning is that the speaker agrees with something and acknowledges that the other person is correct, and they both laugh.


Thanks. Glad to be with you.

So what we've been hearing a lot about is basically just a failure of these negotiations to move forward. Before we get to the nuts and bolts of it, from an economic level, how are people in Detroit dealing with what appears to be a reluctance on the part of the federal government to really enter into a bailout?

Well, I think there are really two key emotions that are at play in Detroit right now. One is fear. People are very scared because the auto industry is so important to metro Detroit, thousands and thousands and thousands of jobs. If one or more of the automakers were to go under, the ripple effect here would be catastrophic because the plant is affected and then the suppliers are affected and the restaurants are affected and the shopping malls are affected. So there'd be such a horrible cascading effect.

So fear is number one, and I think number two is anger. People see how roughly the automakers were treated, and people feel that they were being treated as autoworkers, roughly as well, when at the same time you see, you know, on a Sunday night Citibank gets $20 billion without a second thought. So people here are very angry about the different treatments Wall Street and the automakers have received.

turn 1 : The federal government has not provided a bailout for the auto industry in Detroit and people are scared and angry about the potential consequences of this.

turn 1 : The federal government is hesitant to provide financial assistance to the struggling auto industry.

turn 1 : The invisibility and tastelessness of water problems make it easier for them to go unnoticed and unaddressed, leading to potential risks to public health and safety.

turn 1 : Despite medical advancement, outdated and toxic drugs were used.

turn 1 : The water is so clean that it is safe to drink.


Thanks. Glad to be with you.

turn 3 : The treatment of the automakers in comparison to Wall Street has caused anger and frustration among people in Detroit.

turn 3 :  implies that the crime problem in Detroit is serious and that it has become a stereotype;

turn 3 : "Thank you" is a polite expression of gratitude. Its meaning is literal and straightforward.

turn 3 : "Thank you" - The literal meaning is an expression of gratitude or appreciation.

turn 3 : Expressing gratitude for the invitation and glad to be here.


And it changed your behavior with your friends and family, right?

Oh, absolutely. I became alienated from most of my friends and everything because I wasn't there for them or with them. They had out to social events and things, my social event was to get to the casino as quickly as I could in order to gain money.

And what did it do to your marriage?

Well, I got a divorce. I ended up in divorce. I ended up with my wife getting everything plus the kids. And basically, I was out in the streets trying to survive.

turn 1 : Gambling was initially a harmless and enjoyable activity

turn 1 : She writes a wide variety of stories and the lessons that she learns as a writer can be seen in her stories.

turn 1 : She creates lines of written work in stories that sound good and have a great deal of emotion. Also, the way she writes her stories has a great deal of meaning.

turn 1 : Writing through the woman's perspective is done to create mystery.

turn 1 : A's gambling addiction caused him to isolate himself from friends and family


And what did it do to your marriage?

turn 2 : Gambling was initially a harmless and enjoyable activity

turn 2 : A's gambling addiction affected his marriage to the point of getting a divorce

turn 2 :  A is explaining that the compensation system in the military has not kept up with the changing demographics of the military families. The literal meaning of the words is that military families with larger family sizes qualify for food assistance because their income is not sufficient. However, the implied meaning is that the military compensation system needs to be adjusted to match the changing demographics of the military families.

turn 2 : The US military has evidence to support their claim.

turn 2 : The majority of security forces are with the people due to the impact of the crisis on their families


The happiness course has been running for a couple of weeks. Any immediate reaction?

Teachers are telling me that they themselves are finding lot of calmness, lot of improvement in their behavior because they also sit into mindfulness with their students. So that's bringing a change in the teacher's approach also.

You've been sitting in on a lot of these classes. Are you happier?

Yeah, I'm feeling happier because if my kids are happier, my teachers are happier, then an education minister himself is happier.

turn 1 : Mindfulness practices in class help teachers improve behavior

turn 1 : 20,000 teachers have been trained to teach a daily 35-minute happiness class.

turn 1 : There will be significant concerns in the region moving forward.

turn 1 : The families, town, and communities lose members and become non existent as a unit.

turn 1 : The idea of using military intervention for spreading American values has been consistent throughout the 20th century.


That was a time that postwar era in India when you had a tremendous amount of aspiration for development in the air. Nehru was the first Prime Minister of independent India. And there was a sense in the air of the chance for a collective progress that many, many different kinds of people who came from different backgrounds could actually participate in, could share in. And I think the momentum of that time also swept my own grandparents up. Their condition was precarious.

The jacket that my grandfather was wearing was borrowed. The jewelry that my grandmother is wearing was costume jewelry. I think the prosperity that you see in that image is less about the wealth that they have in hand at that moment and more about that future horizon that they might feel is already coming within their reach.

What do you think your grandfather's story might tell us about today's India?

What I think is so interesting about looking at the life of someone like my grandfather over the course of nearly a century is that you see that there is a kind of ongoing momentum of change that exists throughout his life and that takes him and those alongside him in many different directions. That these patterns of change that we see now in India have been with us for some time and have had a lot to do with the kinds of aspirations that people like my grandparents as well as my own parents grew up with.

turn 3 : People who can manage to stay passionate and motivated to bring about change, despite the length of time it takes.

turn 3 : The literal meaning of turn (4) is that CNN was unable to verify some of the claims that Dr. Ben Carson has made about his past, including an incident where he stabbed a friend and his application and acceptance to West Point. However, the implied meaning is that Dr. Carson may have exaggerated or embellished these stories in order to make his personal redemption story more compelling. The turn (4) uses the phrase "the implication is" to indicate that this is not a direct accusation, but rather a suggestion or insinuation.

turn 3 : The implied meaning of this turn is that A is implying that the way media is consumed has changed drastically, and this could lead to the failure of the American experiment.

turn 3 :  The implied meaning of (4) is that Jeff Jarvis is not only a media analyst and professor of journalism, but also a commentator on the current news and media situation.

turn 3 : What I think is so interesting about looking at the life of someone like my grandfather over the course of nearly a century is that you see that there is a kind of ongoing momentum of change that exists throughout his life and that takes him and those alongside him in many different directions - This implies that change is an ongoing process that people must adapt to if they want to move forward.


And it's not just the president who's criticizing him. He's facing a lot of pressure from Republicans on the Hill, as well. Is that right?

That's very much so. McCabe was dragged up to Capitol Hill twice last week. He spent around eight hours testifying behind closed doors for the House Intelligence Committee. That was about Russia. And he spent a little more than eight hours with the House Oversight and House Judiciary Committees a few days later talking about the Clinton matter.

Now, there's one thing in particular that Republicans want to talk to McCabe about, and that's a senior FBI agent by the name of Peter Strzok, who's been in the news a lot. He worked on both the Mueller probe and the Clinton investigation, and he sent highly charged, politically charged text messages about Trump. Now, Strzok was removed from the Russia investigation, but those text messages have given Republicans a lot of ammunition for their allegations of political bias.

With about 30 seconds left, what sort of effect does all of this criticism from the president, from Republicans on the Hill have on the FBI?

turn 1 : McCready accused Harris of funding criminal activity through a political operative.

turn 1 : The cuts will be significant and likely affect employees.

turn 1 : McCabe faced intense questioning and scrutiny by Republicans.

turn 1 :  (2) Implied Meaning: I am fortunate because I don't have to do the night shift that often and I get a break when I am covering the legislative session.

turn 1 :  "cutting to shots of Brooklyn Decker" - This is a metaphorical expression that means switching to footage of Brooklyn Decker. It does not literally refer to cutting anything.


. . . they don't mean. . .

Herring, (unintelligible).

Well, they don't mean exactly what you may think by that. Herrings have a whole separate system connected to the swim bladder where they're pushing air around and sometimes letting it loose. And this is how they rise and fall in the water. And so it's by letting the air loose that they apparently also communicate. And at the Ig Nobel ceremony, one of the teams, who's from the Sweden, told us how they got involved with this, and this turned out to be the best part of the story.

So there's these two Swedish marine biologists, and they study fish, porpoises, whatnot. And about 15 or 20 years ago, the Swedish prime minister, Carl Bildt, was sort of on the warpath, repeatedly for years, telling the Swedish public that they were being invaded by submarines from their big neighbor, from Russia. And he kept saying this and there wasn't really any proof. There was an incident, years before, that was a sort of an oddball thing, but he kept saying there are submarines, and he kept saying they're even coming into Stockholm harbor, into our capital. He had the navy, the Swedish navy, put microphones in the water in Stockholm harbor. And they came up with a recording with sounds like rapids, metallic tapping, and so they thought and the prime minister thought, OK, we've got proof. Prime minister's planning to get up in public and announce that the Russians are basically attacking us.

turn 3 : In (4), the speaker tells a story about a Swedish prime minister who believed that his country was being invaded by submarines from Russia. The prime minister put microphones in Stockholm harbor and recorded sounds that he thought were proof of the Russian invasion. However, the actual meaning of the recorded sounds was different from the literal meaning, as they were caused by something else entirely.

turn 3 : The speaker is telling a story about a Swedish prime minister who believed that the cause of a particular phenomenon was Russian submarines, while the scientists believed it was herrings farting. The story is likely fictional, and the implied meaning is that people in power may ignore scientific evidence and continue to promote their beliefs, even if they are not supported by facts.

turn 3 : (3) Implies that people have become so used to not prioritizing sleep that they are violating their own basic human right.

turn 3 : to imagine something in this context means something was unbelievable to the person but it still happened

turn 3 : (4) Implies that Donald Trump's disregard for sleep is unwise and potentially detrimental.


Conceivably they can, if there is an issue or something that's hanging fire that is of tremendous interest to the voters. I don't think Troopergate up in Alaska has ever really captured the voters' imagination. There are some people who have been following it closely, there was one determination by the legislative committee that was looking at it, now we have a somewhat different one from the executive committee. I don't think the election has been about Troopergate.

As for the death of Senator Obama's grandmother, certainly that is a tragic timing of this event, if in fact Barack Obama were to be elected president tonight, for his grandmother to have died just one day shy of having witnessed this, would be sad indeed. But whether that is going to change people's votes again, I think is unlikely.

Well Ron, we look forward to talking to you as the result unfold and we continue our coverage.

Indeed we will.

turn 0 : There is a possibility of an election despite no official announcement yet.

turn 0 : "Hanging fire" is an expression meaning to delay. Here, the issue is whether there's some issue that hasn't had an impact on the vote, but will do so before Election Day.

turn 0 : Congress and the president are not working at the moment.

turn 0 : Despite congressional interest, the Trump administration is not listening to anyone but Donald Trump

turn 0 : The president may be lying about not being informed


Thank you. My mistake.

. . . Just 10 days apart.

We included France, which is nice. I apologize.

No, I'm glad to include them. Is it possible Italy will leave the eurozone, or is that just talk?

turn 2 : They are trying to ask what happen in Europe

turn 2 : Congress and the president are not working at the moment.

turn 2 : A forgot to include France in something but is apologizing for the oversight.

turn 2 : The president is trying to prioritize the needs of those who have been forgotten by society.

turn 2 : The president may be lying about not being informed


Right. And the car companies wanted a bigger tax credit for consumers to buy their cars, and they didn't get that.

And I think one of the controversies over that is, who do you give it to and what do you give it for?Because you have to remember that GM, Ford and Chrysler build a substantial number of cars in Mexico and Canada. You also have carmakers like Toyota, Honda and Mercedes building cars in the United States. So, would it be American-built or built by an America-based company?And that is part of the reason why we're not seeing that.

So, GM and Chrysler will be unveiling their plans on Tuesday. What if they don't pass muster?What if Treasury doesn't like them?

First of all, the plans that they unveil on Tuesday, they will then have to go back and then finalize the terms by March 31st. There's an expectation by some people in the auto industry that they will go to the Treasury Department, say, your terms are too strict for us. Look at the economy, we can't possibly meet them. And that they'll just rewrite the terms of these loans. In fact, I would say there's a pretty wide expectation of that happening. But when the Bush administration actually gave the loans, they said that the money was meant to possibly pave the way for an orderly Chapter 11 bankruptcy filing. And so, now the question will be, can they actually restructure, or will we see one of these companies file for bankruptcy?

turn 2 : Ford doesn't need the money right now, but GM does

turn 2 :  Republicans may attempt to use impeachment as a tool to try to challenge and limit Clinton's power.

turn 2 : GM and Chrysler will be revealing their plans on Tuesday and what if they are not good enough or liked by everyone.

turn 2 : "They're fighting this because they don't want Congress meddling" - This phrase implies that the Pentagon is resisting the proposed changes to the military because they want to maintain their own control and autonomy, and they are concerned that Congress may interfere with their operations.

turn 2 : the democrats did everything they could to make it look bipartisan.