Yeah.

Now, from what I hear you saying, you don't want to clean it out. You want to get more stuff in there. You're going to be cleaning out the good bacteria, would you not?

Well, that is a possibility. Although if you have problems, you clearly have some bad bacteria there that would be - that you could possibly clear out as well. What we're thinking is that perhaps something like a nasal clear out with saline are indeed anti-microbial, coupled with these rehabilitation approaches. So when you it clear it out, that you reinstate the appropriate organisms at that site, that that might be the best approach we could take for treatment.

And that, you know, 15 percent of chronic rhinosinusitis sufferers are - have good outcomes and resolved their disease symptoms with anti-microbials. So clearly, we're missing a part of the picture. We're currently - there's something missing that we need to add, and we think it's restoration of these organisms that may actually maintain a balanced immune response of these site and protect these mucosal surfaces. We actually think that something kind of an equivalent of a microbial shield at these sites (unintelligible).

turn 2 : Antimicrobial use, including antibiotics, can deplete microbiome diversity.

turn 2 : to make a switch mean they go do something else.

turn 2 : don'ts  refers to unacceptable behavior and activities

turn 2 : at the end of the day means something is likely going to happen or what happens after everything else.

turn 2 : A suggests using anti-microbial and rehabilitation approaches to clear out bad bacteria and reinstate appropriate organisms.


Have you been able to solve any specific problems in real time yet?I mean, you can see where, for expatriates, this is probably relieving to have something that you can do to help to try to help because it has to be frustrating to live outside the country and have your countrymen and probably your relatives going through all this. And you probably feel like, you know, what can I do?

Yes. So in the hackathon, we had 17 submissions. Three of them were completed, and four our ongoing. So like, you know, one of the ones that, you know, we're pretty excited is related to this Twitter data where people are, like, requesting medicines or offering medicine. A team built a Twitter bot that replies to those requests and try to match - do matchmaking between offer and the match.

That's exciting. I mean, I'm guessing this has been a fulfilling project for you. I mean, how has it made you feel to work on this and to see your work starting to grow?

Amazing. I think this is the best I've felt in a long time - to actively solve and engage with, you know, challenges in the country has been very gratifying for us as a team.

turn 0 : Expatriates may feel a sense of relief from being able to contribute in some way, despite being outside the country.

turn 0 : People are concerned about immigration, not just interested.

turn 0 : Hillary Clinton would also generate a lot of interest.

turn 0 : Despite mixed feelings about Joe Biden, many assumed Obama would choose him as his VP.

turn 0 : There are dangers that cause problems by doing these polls.


Well, the government, it's been a little late and a little ad hoc, you know, beginning with the bailout of Bear Stearns. You know, the solutions were simply antiseptic, one-off types of solutions that ultimately led to bigger problems, and now, of course, in the last few weeks, the potential for one giant massive solution, but the ad hoc nature of it and the timeliness of the response has been a little lacking, in my opinion.

Well, now, we have this $850 billion rescue plan, $250 billion of that going directly into banks. That's something that you have called for in the last month. The government is responding. Still, in the markets, you don't see a sense of calm, and you write about that. America is afraid, you say.

Yes. America's afraid. Investors are afraid, and, you know, the delicate combination between Wall Street and Main Street has reinforced the fear of each.

From what I read, a fundamental source of the fear is this continuing uncertainty about what assets are worth. You have offered to help the government with that?You said you'd do it for nothing. Have you heard back from anybody at the Treasury?Have they called you up to say, gee, great, thanks, let's go to work?

Well, there have been discussions, Alex. We haven't had any final decision. We hope to hear, I suppose, within the next 24 to 48 hours, and so. . .

turn 0 : The recession will not have a quick recovery

turn 0 : The regime has been causing damage to the country and harming innocent people.

turn 0 : The government has not handled the financial crisis effectively.

turn 0 : The people want visible and effective action against corruption and terrorism.

turn 0 : The Russian goverment doesn't get many chances to do the right thing where people all over the world will see and know about it.


Just tell me what a typical day has been like camped out there on the tracks.

Well, it's hot. It's been pretty hot out here. And then you got your rain. It's hot and wet, you know, kind of sticky. But we're coal miners - we're used to rough conditions and climates and water and all that stuff, you know.

Have local people in town been bringing you food?Have you been cooking out over an open fire?What's it been?

Yeah it's been - cooking out on a camp grill. People out of state's been calling in pizzas to the local Pizza Hut. And we've been supported well.

turn 3 : implies to not being in support and feeling unfavorable about the result.

turn 3 : Supported well implies that they have been eating good and surviving

turn 3 : Being good at something is not enough for success.

turn 3 : Being honest about the current situation can help restore confidence

turn 3 : Breaking rules is necessary to be remembered and successful.


Right.

. . . Little inspiration pieces.

A road map.

Yeah, a little road map. You know, you want to make a right out of nowhere. . .

turn 3 : when A says "You know, you want to make a right out of nowhere," they are not talking about a physical right turn while driving. Here, "make a right out of nowhere" implies taking an unexpected or unconventional action without a clear plan or prior indication. It suggests being spontaneous or inventive in finding a solution or approach.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker thinks that there is a level of ambiguity or hidden message in the turn that may not be immediately apparent, but which can be inferred or interpreted through context or other clues.

turn 3 : A implies that the impact of the spoon on people's perception of food is not significant but it is a curious question.

turn 3 : Food is the most important think for each any every human.

turn 3 : The World Food Programme has to decide who is not going to get food due to the lack of resources, and those who are most in need often have to go without.


Sort of the intellectual or business father of this. But he himself did not survive. But the practice did survive. And I want to ask for some distinctions here. You have different terms in the book, slaves, indentured servants and what you call free willers. I'm intrigued by the concept of a free willer. Who were they, and what did they get from essentially putting themselves in servitude?

Well, that's what they got. They put themselves in servitude. They were desperate. They were poor people or people who didn't have enough money to pay for the trip to America. They wanted a new life. They hoped that they would get one in America. And so they signed themselves away, their freedoms away, as indentured servants to pay for their passage. And that would be for anything between three and 11 years, usually. Now most of them, initially, didn't survive more than a couple of years.

The first - the average, I think, lifespan of a new indentured servant in the 1620s was probably two years. So these were - they were called at the time free willers because they went of their free will, and so many others didn't go of their free will. They were sent there. They were sent there in chains. They were sentenced to go there. They weren't free at all. Well, nor were these people. So that's the free willers. They are indentured servants.

What about the relationship of the white indentured servants to the African or African-descendant slaves?How did they get along, and how did the people who were essentially their masters treat them differently, if they did?

turn 1 : The people should obey their leaders or lose their jobs.

turn 1 : black per person implies African American person  and not a black color human being

turn 1 : The 'free willers' were actually indentured servants who sold their freedoms in exchange for a trip to America.

turn 1 : The remark had racial undertones because of his skin color

turn 1 : The speaker is asking if the listener believes in racial justice and if it is possible to achieve it. The speaker suggests that African-Americans have debated this issue for a long time, indicating that it is a complex issue.


turn 2 : The servants and royals believe that they are better than everyone else.

turn 2 : Indentured servants were not actually free and were treated similarly to slaves.

turn 2 : The music in the beginning sounded like rap to me, which is a form of music that has a strong focus on rhythm and poetic lyrics.

turn 2 : The speaker is mentioning a song that reflects their current emotions.

turn 2 : The singer is not actually asking someone to show them the way home but rather expressing their loneliness and desperation due to feeling lost and without direction.


So the legislation you're pushing for would require anyone with a sex trafficking conviction to register as an offender in New Mexico. A similar bill recently failed in the state Legislature. Do you think that the Epstein case and the attention that it's getting will flip some votes?Do you think the bill is more likely to pass now?

I think the Epstein case - if there is only one positive that comes from this matter, it's that there will be more awareness that human trafficking and child trafficking is everywhere in every community, and any community can be exploited. It's appalling that the Legislature did not give this bill one hearing last year, much less consider the reform. I think the Epstein case will bring considerable amount of awareness on this issue and the real need to better protect children.

Epstein has not faced charges in New Mexico, but I understand that your office is interviewing people about what took place on his ranch. What can you tell us about that?

We do have an active investigation. We are meeting with survivors and victims involved in that matter. I'm very concerned that there definitely was a course of conduct here in New Mexico within our borders and that we don't leave any stone unturned. And we're also going to be forwarding any federal evidence to the federal authorities in New York.

turn 3 : It was negligent of immigration authorities to not take Carlos Hernandez Vasquez to the hospital

turn 3 : The song title is "I Can't Make You Love Me"

turn 3 : The music in the beginning sounded like rap to me, which is a form of music that has a strong focus on rhythm and poetic lyrics.

turn 3 : The speaker is mentioning a song that reflects their current emotions.

turn 3 : There is concern that there was illegal activity on Epstein's ranch in New Mexico and the investigation will be thorough


Were you surprised by these numbers?

Yeah, these numbers are pretty high, and it is surprising, and I think that on one hand they're sort of real because we've seen this change over the last two decades as the rates have slowly gone up, and on the other hand they're inflated a little bit, probably because of the way they were obtained.

These are - the CDC did a study, which is like polling data. They - it's called the National Representative randomized Cross-sectional Survey. And it's - this particular trial supposedly was done with land line and cell phone telephone surveys of all households who have children.

There was a similar study just published a couple weeks ago that was on autism, which showed the rate of autism was two percent of the population, which is also very high and was discussed just in the same way. But these are epidemiological survey data, and they're worth something. We have other data to show that the numbers are indeed going up.

turn 3 : There are recent hit songs in the top 10 chart.

turn 3 : What matters is how the song makes a person feels and how it sounds.

turn 3 : Despite the relatively short period since its launch, iTunes has sold a lot of songs.


And we shall not - I certainly won't see his like again. He was also incredibly fun. And so that's the thing to try to hold onto.

He wrote a lot of letters by hand, didn't he?

He wrote tons of letters. I bet there are a hundred thousand - hundreds out there signed, all the best, George Bush. Many of them are compiled in a lovely volume he did. His - you know, he was the son of a mother who insisted that he not talk - that one not talk about oneself. He was - so when it came time to write a book after he left the presidency, he didn't. . .

Oh, right.

turn 0 : I won't see someone like him again because he was unique and special, and not because he was dead.

turn 0 : What people think of him has lessened due to the situation.

turn 0 : A is asking B if they have over a thousand songs.

turn 0 : She wrote very close to what happened in her own life.

turn 0 : The singer is implyihng that Frank Rogers and he cowrote the song in question together.


Oh, right.

turn 1 : tons of letters implies large quantities of letters and not letters that measured up many tons

turn 1 : Despite the relatively short period since its launch, iTunes has sold a lot of songs.

turn 1 : tons of letters implies a very large number and not to full a ton

turn 1 : There are recent hit songs in the top 10 chart.

turn 1 : Uber job was interesting and provided inspiration for songwriting


But you also said let me reassure you, I've seen the quality of that work. In other words, these plans are viable, credible, ready to go?

Yes, I have. I did say that. Part of my job in the Pentagon was the oversight - civilian oversight of military planning, and one of the things that we've, you know, we're charged with is to prepare options for the president no matter the contingency. And certainly, there are very viable plans with regard to contingencies involving Iran. But again, the judgment is at this point that's not where the focus should be.

And as you know, Israel has - well, has plans of its own - contingencies. And I know a large part of your speech was devoted to the idea that they should hold off and reassuring them the United States would take action if necessary and that Israeli action would be counterproductive. More counterproductive than an American strike?

Well, my point to them was we have a shared objective here - preventing Iran from getting nuclear weapons and that, you know, any military action really only buys time. It's a delaying action for one to three years. It sets the program back, but it doesn't solve the fundamental problem of Iran's pursuit of a nuclear weapons capability. To do that, you'll need a continued international campaign with sanctions, with negotiations to eventually change their calculus.

turn 0 : (1) Implied meaning: Is this plan risky?

turn 0 : "essentially created a series of businesses or nonprofits that were doing business with their own schools" - The literal meaning of this sentence is that the couple established other organizations that had financial ties to their charter schools. However, the implied meaning is that they may have been using these organizations to divert public funds into their own pockets.

turn 0 : "loopholes in California's charter school system" - The literal meaning of "loopholes" is gaps or flaws in a system or law that can be exploited. However, the implied meaning is that the charter school system in California has structural weaknesses that allow for abuses and inconsistencies in regulation.

turn 0 : "In other words, these plans are viable, credible, ready to go?" - The actual meaning here is not about the meaning of the words used but rather about the speaker trying to confirm if the plans are indeed viable, credible, and ready to be implemented.

turn 0 : "So this was public money that was coming into these schools, but the couple that ran them was financially benefiting from it" - The literal meaning of this sentence is that public funds were being used to support the couple's charter schools, and that the couple was making a profit from these funds. However, the implied meaning is that the couple may have been exploiting their positions of power to enrich themselves at the expense of the public education system.


turn 1 : "Part of my job in the Pentagon was the oversight - civilian oversight of military planning" - The actual meaning here is not about the meaning of the words used but rather about the speaker's role in the Pentagon.

turn 1 : "As a member of the armed services committee, I am aware of it but only very peripherally. This is not something that we have talked about or has been briefed to us extensively at all." Implicated meaning: The speaker has limited knowledge about the specific topic mentioned, despite being a member of the committee responsible for it.

turn 1 : to carry something out means to do something

turn 1 : case implies a situation and not a pack or suitcase

turn 1 : cases implies situations, issues or conditions and not suitcases or packs


turn 2 : Although the literal meaning of this turn is simply asking for a description of the current situation, the implied meaning behind it is that the speaker is expressing frustration or confusion about the conflicting messages they have heard from President Trump regarding the removal or retention of U.S. forces in Syria. It could be interpreted as a way of questioning the credibility of the information that has been provided so far and seeking clarification or a more definitive answer.

turn 2 : "And I know a large part of your speech was devoted to the idea that they should hold off and reassuring them the United States would take action if necessary and that Israeli action would be counterproductive." - The actual meaning here is not about the meaning of the words used but rather about the speaker acknowledging the content of the other person's speech and seeking clarification.

turn 2 : The hosts of the story series in the body issue wanted to cover all aspects of sports, including pee breaks. Implicated meaning: The hosts of the story series were willing to explore even the less glamorous aspects of sports and physical activity in their coverage.

turn 2 : "To see myself as a character and not as myself" - The speaker is not literally seeing themselves as a fictional character, but rather trying to distance themselves emotionally from their personal story in order to write it in an artistic and creative way.

turn 2 : In both of these turns, the implied meaning goes beyond the literal words used. The speaker is not simply asking about the reasons behind the human need to look at themselves or stating that it is innate and related to genetics. The implied meaning suggests a deeper exploration of human psychology and the significance of self-reflection as a part of our daily


turn 3 : The literal meaning of (4) is asking what North Korea wants to achieve with nuclear weapons. The implicated meaning is questioning why North Korea wants nuclear weapons in the first place.

turn 3 : "It sets the program back, but it doesn't solve the fundamental problem of Iran's pursuit of a nuclear weapons capability." - The actual meaning here is not about the meaning of the words used but rather about the speaker explaining the limitations of military action in addressing the issue of Iran's pursuit of nuclear weapons.

turn 3 : The significant increase in the number of starfish is a cause for concern

turn 3 : The implications in (3) is that the dolphins may have trouble adjusting to the new environment due to them being used to living in aquariums.

turn 3 : Crown-of-thorn starfish eat coral and leave it dead behind


Well, social networks and blogs have moved ahead of personal emailing among the most popular online activities. This is according to the Nielsen Company, which monitors consumer behavior. And they say time spent on these social networking sites is growing three times faster than the overall Internet rate. And they say over two thirds of the world's online population now visits social networking and blogging sites. But the issue now is how to fund these sites, right?

Mm hmm.

So, like Facebook, for example, has a huge audience, a growing audience but has very relatively little obvious advertising compared to a site like MySpace, which is cluttered with ads but have seen their audience flatten. So, it's a catch 22 for some of these sites.

Well, speaking of social networks, a hugely popular site, YouTube, is having issues overseas. Tell us about that.

turn 2 : Social media can significantly increase the number of visitors to remote locations, causing issues with facilities.

turn 2 : It is a bad idea either way for the social media companies.

turn 2 : They suppose that informing young people in an engaging way would be appropriate.

turn 2 : The government of the United States is treating families seeking asylum inhumanely.

turn 2 : ORR needs to process children faster to ease Border Patrol stations.


So a medicinal leech is a common name that we use for leeches that feed on humans. . .

Oh.

. . . And have anticoagulants that could be used in modern medicine. Leeches have these anticoagulants in their saliva. So when they bite, that causes the blood to flow and for the blood to stay liquid inside the leech once it's eaten it. And this has been used in medicine for many, many years. It was most popular in the 17, 1800s in Western medicine, and it's even used today in modern medicine. Leeches are approved medical device in the United States, and they're used readily.

Tell me about your collection method. How did you find this three-jawed leech?

turn 3 : not a physical head, like a head from a body, but the  person in charge of something, the leader of something

turn 3 : Managing stress requires dealing with its physical effects on the body.

turn 3 : It's not three jawed but has multiple capabilities when it bites a person.

turn 3 : Physical touch and affection can help complete the stress response cycle and create a feeling of safety.

turn 3 : The brain is capable of adjusting to normalcy after experiencing an unusual situation.


Thanks so much for having me on.

Can you tell me a little bit about Nebraska's land and what it means to its residents, the farmers?

Yeah. So Nebraska is in many ways a typical Great Plains state. Because the Missouri River cuts through along the eastern edge of the state, that's where all of the population originally settled. And so you have major industrial centers in south Sioux City and in Omaha. And then you have the capital educational center of Lincoln. But when you travel west of Lincoln, there's almost no one there. The small farming communities have gotten smaller and smaller in the last 50 years. And you can drive for hours essentially seeing only flatlands that are planted to corn and to soybeans and occasionally dotted with hog barns and feedlots for cattle.

Speaking to that disappearing landscape, I'd like you to read a page from your book, page 69.

(Reading) To understand, first remember - Nebraska is a place. It sits square as an anvil in the center of our maps. And yet somehow, everyone manages to forget it exists. Maybe that's because Nebraska is also a land of ghosts, of small towns dwindling to the point where in another generation they might simply cease to exist.

Why are they disappearing?Where are they going?

turn 1 :  The implied meaning of this turn is: Was there any particular reason for choosing this neighbourhood for your business?

turn 1 : it is a metaphorical field, it just means there are not as many candidates running for the election as there was in the past because some decided not to continue running

turn 1 : B is asking about the impact of Nebraska's land on its residents, not just its geographical features.

turn 1 : The behavior was unacceptable to what the people would accept.

turn 1 : "larger struggles that were embodied in those arguments" Actual meaning: The arguments between the speaker and their mother were about more significant issues. Non-literal meaning: None.


Thanks so much for having me on.

turn 2 : The program of providing direct payments to farmers is more feasible than dumping large amounts of crops on poor countries.

turn 2 : McCabe faced intense questioning and scrutiny by Republicans.

turn 2 : The government rigged the election and caused violence.

turn 2 : Trump's tweet was an attempt to influence the outcome of the military trial

turn 2 : The farming communities are disappearing due to factors such as depopulation, urbanization, and economic challenges.


Thanks so much for having me on.

turn 4 : Despite the progress and growth in the South, there are still underlying issues that need to be addressed.

turn 4 : The president's reaction is self-destructive, but predictable due to his past involvement in media spats.

turn 4 : Trump's tweet was an attempt to influence the outcome of the military trial

turn 4 : The president thinks that the media is out to ruin him and makes them out to be evil.

turn 4 : Nebraska is often overlooked or forgotten despite its importance and existence.


Thanks so much for having me on.

turn 4 : The congressional committees are trying to gain public attention and support for their investigations, while Mueller is working in the shadows and his findings will only be revealed when it is time to take legal action.

turn 4 : Nebraska is often overlooked or disregarded by people, despite its significance and potential.

turn 4 : The person thinks there is contitutional responsibility to investigate areas that the president has said not to. The Mueller team did not as the president told them to investigate only so much and then to stop.

turn 4 : Mueller should be respected and trusted, even though he has been wrongfully attacked and criticized.


Our concern is that the technology, regardless of where you buy it from, is just not ready for that. It will lead to bias. It will lead to false identifications. People will be put in the back of police cars when they've done nothing wrong. It seemed to us to be a step too far.

Now, on the other hand, Microsoft has provided the technology to a prison. Microsoft researchers have worked with a Chinese military-run university on AI research that some people fear could be used against China's minorities. So to you, where is the line when it comes to helping governments gain and use these kinds of tools?

We need to look constantly at the technology that's at issue and how it's going to be used. We were comfortable providing facial recognition within a prison because the sample size of people involved is actually relatively small. We could be confident that people would be identified correctly. And there was a societally beneficial goal, namely to actually help keep prisoners safe by knowing who was where and at what time.

More broadly, we've supported basic research, advances in the fundamental frontiers of knowledge. You know, we're not working, for example, with authorities in China to deploy facial recognition services for surveillance. But when you get to the bottom foundation for all artificial intelligence, advances in machine learning and the like, we believe that that's where there are real benefits for people able to work on advancing scientific knowledge more generally.

turn 0 : The premise of body camera footage is good, but government officials and police officials push against making it public, which goes against the transparency of police interactions.

turn 0 :  (4) Implies an acknowledgement of the dangerous risks taken when crossing the border illegally.

turn 0 : The use of facial recognition technology can lead to bias, false identifications, and wrongful arrests, which is a serious concern.

turn 0 :  Implied meaning: There is a fear of the spread of Zika, malaria, cholera, and other diseases due to the lack of access to aid.

turn 0 : The implied meaning is that B's special person is being given the utmost care and protection.


Wow.

On steroids, that's what Tops in Blue is. And it's serious stuff. It's a lot of fun. There's a little break dancing, a little pop locking. And once again, it's very interactive. It's very much a very different theater experience.

You know, we had on Brian Copeland, who has a very successful one-man show called "Not a Genuine Black Man" and also dealing with some really very harsh realities of his childhood. It strikes me that, you know, that's got to be part of what shaped you as a person who's able to do - what is it?How many characters do you have in the show?

Twenty-three characters.

turn 1 : Tops in Blue is not just a regular show, it's something exceptional and unique.

turn 1 : The listener experience of 'Giant Steps' is different from that of 'Kind of Blue'.

turn 1 : It's important to emphasize not to put raw food in the same container

turn 1 : The World Food Programme has to decide who is not going to get food due to the lack of resources, and those who are most in need often have to go without.

turn 1 : Breakfast is going to be a serious problem


Really.

But they removed like some G - from what I understand, you can't like ping it for like GPS location. So I believe GPS types of tracking or chips have been removed out of it. So I think it is a stripped down and highly secure BlackBerry.

One of the things and you mentioned this earlier, Mario, that the president wants to do - he wants to put everybody on the Internet who wants access to it, and he's trying to expand it into rural areas.

I'm sorry.

turn 1 : priceless implies a zero price or worthless, but it really means valuable

turn 1 : Despite the court case, people can still enroll for insurance

turn 1 : Insurance companies did not make a significant profit from Obamacare in the beginning.

turn 1 : stripped down in this context means that some extra things the product could have were taken away, likely to keep it cheaper for consumer purposes.

turn 1 : The implied meaning of this turn is that the implementation of the ACA has not achieved its goals as intended, as evidenced by the fact that many states have opted out of Medicaid, leaving many people uninsured and leading to an increasing number of rural hospital closures.


Does either party see political damage in permitting a shutdown?

Nobody wants a shutdown. I do believe that's true, although I do think that on this issue - more than a lot of issues - that passions are really high because it's not just talking about fiscal policy or some other thing. We're talking about human lives. And human lives are at stake, and families are at stake. So it's not going to be an easy puzzle to solve.

NPR's congressional correspondent Susan Davis, thanks so much.

You're welcome.

turn 1 : People are starting to notice and take action on the issue.

turn 1 : The issue being discussed involves human lives and families, making it emotionally charged and difficult to solve.

turn 1 :  implies that the investigators used information from the traffickers to further investigate the route of the people who survived the tragedies.

turn 1 : A agreed to do something but later realized it wasn't what they wanted

turn 1 : can be interpreted as a way to inquire about the current situation in the city, not just the events taking place.


Michael was 23. He was the son of Nelson, who was the governor of New York at the time. As you said, his father had opened the Museum of Primitive Art. So he was collecting primitive art from the Asmat, who were incredible, beautiful carvers. And he was on a makeshift catamaran in a lot of rough, turbulent water, and they got into trouble. And they ended up drifting. . .

Like, capsized.

. . . a day. And. . .

. . . capsized on this catamaran. He's there with this guy called Rene Wassing, the Dutch anthropologist, and his last words are: I think I can make it.

turn 3 : In this turn, the speaker uses the phrase "I think I can make it" in an ironic or sarcastic manner. The actual meaning is that the person's last words were probably expressing optimism or confidence, but the speaker implies that it was unrealistic given the dire circumstances.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using a sarcastic or ironic tone to convey their true feelings or opinions about the situation, without explicitly stating them.

turn 3 : A evacuated on their own accord to avoid traffic.

turn 3 : The person complained publicaly about things that were illegal and private.

turn 3 : The boat had engine trouble and flooded due to a group of Delta commandos shuffling to the back


Thirty years ago today, a democracy movement was snuffed out in China's Tiananmen Square. Tanks opened fire on demonstrators, killing young protesters. This was a pivotal moment in modern Chinese history. And NPR's Deborah Amos covered the crackdown. She joins us to share some of her memories from that time 30 years ago.

Hi, Deb.

Hi there.

So you arrived in the country just after this massacre. Why did the Chinese government allow foreign journalists in?

turn 0 : to hold out in this context means to wait

turn 0 : Snuffed out has the implied meaning of stopping.

turn 0 : Congress and the president are not working at the moment.

turn 0 : A implies that the process of political maneuvering can be absurd and comical to an outside observer.

turn 0 : Trump's executive order may not be achieving anything new.


Have you had any feelers for a plea bargain from Socrates?

We were open to that discussion. And so, if Mr.  Webb and Mr.  Bob Clifford are listening, we're hoping to cut a deal. And it would disappoint the audience, who paid for a show, but I think we'd be willing to talk about perhaps a deferred prosecution agreement.

In our time, I think the key to Socrates wisdom is taken to be that Socrates said he was not the wisest man in Athens, and of course that just confirmed that he was because he was the only man who was aware of his limitations in ignorance. How do lawyers react to that?

Oh, I think there's a lot to be said for that, in that Socrates asked a lot of questions and gave fewer answers. But I think a lot of what happened in the trial of Socrates was interesting history. For example, the people talk about the death penalty, and I think what they miss at the time was that Athenian law required a jury to pick between the two options. So, if the government asked for death and the defendant asked for something different, they couldn't come up with a third option. And so since Socrates put before the jury his request that he be given free meals for life, they really had little choice. Either pay a man convicted of a crime free meals for life or put him death. And so I think part of what will take place next week is to try to put people back in the perspective of the Athenians, where Socrates gave them little choice and had to vote when it came to the penalty phase.

turn 1 : The president is trying to prioritize the needs of those who have been forgotten by society.

turn 1 : White House conducts briefings in an inappropriate way.

turn 1 : Trump's executive order may not be achieving anything new.


Arthur Thomas took Jeni Stepien's hand as the music at her wedding reception started. He did my father-daughter dance with me and then handed me to my mom, she wrote on Facebook. It was truly the best day of my entire life.

The Department of Health and Human Services says that almost 30,000 people received organ transplants in the United States in 2014. But 22 people a day die, on average, while waiting for a transplant, in part because there's a shortage of organs available.

Charity Tilleman-Dick, an opera soprano who's become a vocal advocate for organ donation, has had two double lung transplants at Cleveland Clinic. She still sings. I'm alive today because a family in Ohio turned their tragedy into a miracle, she told us. Some people say life's not a sprint, it's a marathon. It should be a relay. When you round mortality's final bend, pass the baton. In death, we can give breath. We can give grace. We can give life.

(Singing) Another day, a day of grace, is given us from on high.

turn 2 : Implicates that the speaker is willing to sacrifice certain moral values for the sake of saving lives.

turn 2 : He would be fulfilling a government role and Trump makes it look like he does all of the work.

turn 2 : Even the most sycophantic people around the president think he's vile and ludicrous.

turn 2 :  In this turn, Charity Tilleman-Dick is implying that people can help to save the lives of others by donating their organs after they die, which is much different from the literal meaning of the words.

turn 2 : The president doesn't seem to be acting like a tyrant, despite speculation that he's using more power since winning the election.


Yes.

Have you photographed them?Or have they been clients of yours?

Not paying clients. Yes, I have shot them at a rally in Chicago.

OK.  Not - well, not paying in the sense that you would like to have them as clients or pursue them at one point, or you just are taking pictures of them, as everyone else is doing, when they're out in public?

No, I was part of the campaign. I was heavily involved in fundraising and (unintelligible) and have gone to battleground states, signing up voters. So, yeah, I was there, part of the group, and I shot them because this is something I wanted to do. I wasn't a paid photographer of staff, but yes. Would I like to shoot them as a paid person?Absolutely.

Yeah, I'm guessing the answer to that would be yes. Are you hopeful of that opportunity still?

turn 2 : This statement from B implies that he was doubting how possible it was for the Photographer to have taken the shot while it appeared that he was so close to the Gunman.

turn 2 : The person took pictures of the other people at a rally in Chicago, they did not shoot them with a gun but with a camera.

turn 2 : The universe is not always the same and new matter is needed for it to stay the same.

turn 2 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer

turn 2 : They found something that is not the real thing but close to it.


Yes.

turn 4 : Although the person was not a paid photographer, they were heavily involved in a political campaign and took photos for personal interest. They would like to be a paid photographer for these clients in the future.

turn 4 : "Well, it does take a professional" - the actual meaning here is that not everyone can be a good photographer, even with the advancements in technology. The speaker is contradicting the expression "everyone is a photographer" and emphasizing the importance of having a professional eye and compositional sense.

turn 4 : The speaker uses 'literally' in a figurative sense.

turn 4 : None of the turns in this conversation have a figurative or non-literal meaning.

turn 4 : None of the turns have implied meanings that are different from their literal meanings. They all convey their literal meanings without any hidden or implied messages.


Exactly, keep looking up, and I can't believe I still pinch myself every time that I get to say those words afterwards. But this is the fellow that would appear on your PBS station, usually late at night, at weird hours, for a minute or five minutes telling you what's up in the sky. He'd sit on the rings of Saturn and point out at Jupiter, and he'd have this very interesting voice. It was great.

And so he passed away a few years ago, and the station has decided to continue the program. We've done a little bit of touching-up to it, but it's called "Star Gazers," and so you might catch us on weird hours on your PBS station, and they're always online at our website, stargazersonline. org, and you can watch any of the shows there, and we'll tell you what's up in the sky and say keep looking up. That's what we always say.

That's it. It's a great show. I've been watching it for years. I used to know Jack for a while, so. . .

Oh, I know, what a great guy. I mean, this is a populizer of astronomy, and I just hope that I can fill his shoes a little bit and get people excited about the stars.

turn 1 : "Looks like we have a lot to catch up on" might imply that the speaker and listener have not talked or seen each other in a while and there is a lot of news or updates to share.

turn 1 : "we've done a little bit of touching-up to it" implies that some minor adjustments have been made to the show, but not that it has been significantly altered.

turn 1 : They are not painting but describing the man in a certain way.

turn 1 : paint a portrait means that they are asking for an explanation of the area in this context.

turn 1 : This is implying that A believes art should have an interesting or captivating element to it.


turn 3 : Wear those shoes is implying that the person has dealt with that in life

turn 3 : The key point is made to make people want to learn more about what happened.

turn 3 : The information does not boil down, but it gets to the most practical facts.

turn 3 : "fill his shoes" implies that the speaker wants to follow in Jack's footsteps and continue his work, but not that they literally want to wear his shoes.

turn 3 : The kids will begin to think of ideas as they explore on their own.


Look, Farai, for years immigrants have been moving into South Africa going back to the apartheid era, to work in the mines, to work in various industries. So, immigration is not new to South Africa. But when you have the level of frustration and the depth of poverty and wealth polarization, it was a time bomb. It was just a matter of when it was going to blow up.

There was a commentary in allafrica. com that said that poverty is at the root of this. Do you agree with that?

Yes. Oh yeah, absolutely, I'd say that I mean there's many roots, and it's very likely that there was a group or grouping that actually incited these pogroms, these attacks, but fundamentally, this is about poverty. This is about frustration. This is about people saying we've been waiting for more than 10 years, for 14 years, for the fruits of our national liberation struggle to come forward, and we're not seeing it.

We're not seeing land distributed the way that it should be. We're not seeing the fundamental changes in water and electricity and other things that we've needed. We've not seen the development of housing on the level that we've needed, and this has just been boiling over.

turn 0 : at the end of the day means something is likely going to happen or what happens after everything else.

turn 0 : The implied meaning is that B's special person is being given the utmost care and protection.

turn 0 : (4) Seriously? could mean that B is surprised, does not believe, or is challenging A's statement.

turn 0 : a time bomb implies being a danger in the future and not a bomb set to explode in few minutes

turn 0 : (4) is a straightforward denial of B's implied meaning, and does not carry any additional implied meanings beyond that.


And now to the Midwest, where heavy rainfall has made growing conditions tough for farmers. One crop in particular - corn - has been hit hard. According to the Department of Agriculture, this is the slowest start to the corn-planting season on record. To hear more about this, we've called Matt Boucher. He's a fourth generation farmer from Dwight, Ill. , where he grows corn as well as soybeans, wheat and cover crops. And in fact, we caught him out in the field, where he's trying to plant. Matt, welcome. Thanks so much for joining us.

Thanks for having us. Appreciate it.

Well, walk me through the season. What would normally have happened by now, and what has actually happened now?

Well, we're normally completed now. We're moving on to fertilizing corn and maintaining the weed pressures, you know, keeping the weeds out of the field. But right now it's just not the case. We're still planting and trying to get things in and might have some acres we're just not going to be able to get in, no matter what we do.

And why is that?It's just that the ground's been too wet or what?Why is that?

turn 0 : The shortage of corn may lead to a price increase in the market.

turn 0 : The White House and California are in a disagreement about auto emissions.

turn 0 : The corn planting season has been slow due to heavy rainfall.

turn 0 : The problems of today are the necessity for innovation to occur.

turn 0 : Sectors that grown when the economy is failing do better when the economy begins to improve.  The techology sector as a whole is trying hard to make money.


. . . Or the Weinstein sexual scandals or, you know, the shooting in Texas. I mean, it's just, like - it's a continual thing of these events that are just rocking people's lives. And I used to just be a viewer. And I used to just kind of go from one event to another. And now I'm stuck in one of those events because I could list all the things that we've done as a family and all the things - I mean, just like soccer practices. And I haven't missed a day of work. And booster meetings. And we've gone to our dentist appointments and our doctor's appointments. But I still feel like it's day one.

Investigators, as we speak, still haven't come up with anything resembling a motive that we know about.

What bothers me more than the motive or lack of motive is lack of information. Whenever we get a little tidbit of something, we just jump on it because we just have a desire to know. Like, the first week after it happened, I was obsessed with, like, my escape route. Like, I was just looking at Google images, pictures of the event. Like, where did I go?And then my next thing was, I want to know where the shooter went, where he came from. I wanted to see him walking into the hotel, walking out of the hotel. And they haven't released any of that.

Why do you want to see that?

turn 3 : So you get a sense of how this whole thing is going. - This implies that the speaker wants the listener to understand the context and overall direction of the conversation.

turn 3 : The speaker is not asking why the person wants to see the shooter walking into and out of the hotel, but instead is asking why the person is so interested in getting information about the event in general.

turn 3 : They are on a list of people that are treated badly by the country.

turn 3 : The speaker wants to address the negative views towards immigrants in America and reject white nationalism and xenophobia

turn 3 : The situation is more dire than what is being reported, as the resources available are not able to meet the needs of the refugees.


Yes. In fact, by far. And that's why the Senate's version of this tax bill largely prevailed in the negotiations with the House over the last few weeks. Before those began, the Senate vote was just a bare majority before they had that big sit-down with the other chamber. And there were several Republican senators on the fence about it, even as yesterday morning dawned. That would include Bob Corker of Tennessee, Marco Rubio of Florida, Susan Collins of Maine.

But now Corker and Rubio are fully on board. Rubio got some more money for the child tax credit. And Bob Corker was objecting to the deficit increase, which is kind of still there, but he says it won't be, maybe, that bad. And he is, of course, a good Republican and a businessman. And he has to like a lot of what's in this bill.

Is this the bill Republicans feel they need to say that they can govern when they have control of the Senate, the House and the presidency?

Indeed. It shows that they can pass a big and complicated piece of legislation that they promised to pass and do it with just their own majorities in both the House and the Senate. It should satisfy the hardcore support base and the donor class that has been growing restive in recent months since the Obamacare repeal failure. And, of course, the jury is out on how many other people it's going to satisfy, including the wage-earners who voted for Donald Trump last year, believing he would be their champion.

turn 0 : (1) The actual meaning is that the Senate's version of the tax bill was more influential in the final negotiations with the House, despite the Senate having a bare majority vote before the negotiations began.

turn 0 : (5) - The speaker is implying that the tax bill was hastily and carelessly put together, even though it was actually thoroughly worked on.

turn 0 : This made the person have to stay where they were at.

turn 0 : The situation is uncertain and they need to take it one step at a time

turn 0 : you imply that something is the case


turn 2 : (3) The actual meaning is that Republicans may see this tax bill as an opportunity to demonstrate their ability to govern, having control of the Senate, the House, and the presidency.

turn 2 :  (4) - This turn implies that A will support McConnell if he succeeds in passing the tax plan, and that the Republicans still have a chance to win.

turn 2 : Turn (1) has an implicated meaning that is different from its literal meaning. Although the speaker denies that the remarks were racially motivated, the implication is that the speaker believes they were in fact racially motivated, and is trying to downplay or avoid addressing that implication.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: People are feeling resentment and anger towards people who think they don't have to follow the same rules as everyone else.

turn 2 : The speaker was falsely accused and wrongfully blamed.


Well, I think people that are overly tied to capitalism and who think that capitalism - and, once again, I speak as a Wharton grad, is the be all and end all of economic systems and that people who are uncomfortable looking at the poor. And there are, you know, not a few Catholics who are like that.

Jim, did the College of Cardinals expect this from the man they chose to be pope?

I don't think so. I think that they expected a person who's holy and came make tough decisions and live simply, but I don't think they expected someone who would shake things up quite this way. And, you know, frankly, most Jesuits who knew him didn't expect this either. But, you know, it shows you once again the power of the Holy Spirit. The Holy Spirit does what the Holy Spirit wants to do.

Father James Martin, who's culture editor of the Jesuit magazine America. Thanks so much. Good holiday to you, Jim.

turn 3 : the speaker is thanking Father James Martin for his insight and wishing him a good holiday.

turn 3 :  expressing appreciation for Father James Martin's efforts to promote understanding and dialogue between the Catholic Church and the LGBT community, as reflected in his book.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using humor or sarcasm to make a point or convey a message in a lighthearted way.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using understatement or exaggeration to convey a message, often to emphasize a point or to add humor to a situation.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using a sarcastic or ironic tone to convey their true feelings or opinions about the situation, without explicitly stating them.


Shawn Levy, an accomplished biographer and film critic, joins us now. Shawn, thanks so much for being with us.

Thank you.

How does the chateau both fit into and stand above the Hollywood landscape?

Well, physically, it actually stands above the Sunset Strip. It's right on the eastern edge of the strip on a rise, and it's situated at a curve. So if you come toward it from the east - from Hollywood into West Hollywood - it kind of disappears. The road takes you away from it before you quite register it.

turn 3 : "To see myself as a character and not as myself" - The speaker is not literally seeing themselves as a fictional character, but rather trying to distance themselves emotionally from their personal story in order to write it in an artistic and creative way.

turn 3 : The chateau doesn't actually disappear, it just is no longer visible at some point.

turn 3 : "It makes you consider your own brain, I suppose." - This turn is a figurative expression that means the speaker is reflecting on their own life and experiences in comparison to the circumstances of the individuals whose brains were taken.

turn 3 : to take on a role in this context means to act like a character.


But the technical. . .

Let me just jump in. When you say GDP, that's the Gross Domestic Product?

Exactly. So when you see growth going down, you see yourself in a recession. And it's, you know, it's Standard English, frankly. It's not rocket science, but the fact is that the macro numbers, Farai, belie what the micro reality is for so many people.

We've been seeing lay off numbers for over two years. We've seen a 5. 2 percent unemployment rate. All of those things combine to speak to, at least, economic hard times. But the technical definition of a recession is that you have two quarters of GDP going down. Now let's look at the next quarter because right now we don't have that.

turn 2 : The technical definition of a recession doesn't accurately reflect the economic hardship experienced by many people.

turn 2 : (3) To be in a recession means the economy is declining.

turn 2 : A "knee-jerk reaction" in this phrase doesn't refer to the legs. The implied meaning is an automatic response to something, done without much thought. Akin to how when your knee is struck your leg flexes - no thought, pure reflex.

turn 2 : "took a lot out of my legs" - This expression is an idiom used to describe feeling physically exhausted or drained after an activity. It does not literally mean that something was taken out of the speaker's legs.

turn 2 : The literal meaning of the turn is asking why they want to cause violence, but the implied meaning is asking why they find violence appealing or attractive.


But the technical. . .

turn 3 : While the macroeconomic numbers don't indicate a recession, many people are experiencing economic hardship.

turn 3 : (3) To be in a recession means the economy is declining.

turn 3 : Come to the table means to show up or to engage with others.

turn 3 : The speaker is hinting that the situation is difficult or complex.

turn 3 : Although the literal meaning of this turn is simply an acknowledgement or agreement, the implied meaning behind it is that the speaker may not be fully engaged or interested in the conversation. It could be interpreted as a way of signaling disinterest or a desire to move on to a different topic.


Absolutely not. In fact, the art world has been so distracted by ridiculously obscenely high prices that mainly the only art that people are even aware of is art that costs a lot of money. There's a strange exception around Basquiat. No artist of color has ever entered this kind of pantheon of, you know, Picasso, Van Gogh, all of the rest whose work does sometimes sell for over $100 million.

So you know what?I have to make a strange exception to my rule, that in this case, I kind of love that Jean-Michel Basquiat has entered that and broken that barrier. More power to women, more power to artists of color. These lives do matter, and they're going to continue to matter.

Jerry Saltz, senior art critic of New York magazine, and he joined us from New York. Thank you so much.

Thank you. It was a pleasure.

turn 0 : Artists need to make mistakes to create something great.

turn 0 : not a literal meaning but rather a rhetorical question.

turn 0 : there are no turns in this conversation. whose actual meaning are different from their literal meanings. all of the turn are being used in a straight forward and literal meaning.

turn 0 : "the art world has been so distracted by ridiculously obscenely high prices" - The actual meaning of this turn is not that the art world is physically distracted, but rather that the focus and attention of the art world have been diverted by high prices.

turn 0 : None of the turns in this conversation have a figurative or non-literal meaning.


I am - my lips are sealed. But let's just say we are a certain kind of gypsy and we - it's very much like a family. When you've been touring together for six months or more and you're all living on a bus, you become very close and very supportive and close in good ways and bad ways.

But we feel very privileged to be able to do what we do. And the places we get to go, the people we get to meet, the stages we get to perform on, it's a privilege. It really is. It's something we don't ever want to take for granted.

I was, again, thinking back to that song, in that leafy neighborhood you described around Washington, D. C.

Well, actually, I was thinking about where I grew up - the first 10 years of my life - in Princeton, New Jersey, when I was describing that. But you're right, very much, lot of leafy neighborhoods in Washington where I have spent most of my life.

turn 0 : The new music coming out of Atlanta is a combination of the old and the new

turn 0 : "seeing myself as the hero of my own story" is a metaphorical expression meaning to view oneself as the protagonist in one's own life story and to take control of the situation.

turn 0 : We are not actually gypsies but a touring band

turn 0 : trying to place myself in his mind implies a persons way of thinking and/or their point of view

turn 0 : Implicated meaning: The speaker is expressing a desire to create a character in their book who is strong and believable, rather than simply creating a character who is physically strong. The implied meaning is that the speaker values depth and authenticity in their character portrayal, rather than creating a one-dimensional, superficial character.


turn 1 : (2) can mean "I'm grateful for this opportunity"

turn 1 : We appreciate the opportunities we get to perform


He had a very utopian view of how computers would change work, but he had also a kind of warning. He had a very utopian view of how computers would change work, but he had also a kind of warning.

That's computer scientist Eugene Fiume of Simon Fraser University. That's computer scientist Eugene Fiume of Simon Fraser University. Fiume says that despite his concern about the need for rapid re-education, Asimov was an optimist in his predictions. Fiume says that despite his concern about the need for rapid re-education, Asimov was an optimist in his predictions.

What he predicted was that computers themselves would allow people to become researchers and scientists and artists - this idea of replacing that low-level intellectual work and allowing people to improve themselves by looking at higher level intellectual work. What he predicted was that computers themselves would allow people to become researchers and scientists and artists - this idea of replacing that low-level intellectual work and allowing people to improve themselves by looking at higher level intellectual work.

It's hard to say how many laid-off factory workers have moved on to pick up paintbrushes, but Fiume says that Asimov's 1983 essay envisions how, left to their own devices. . . It's hard to say how many laid-off factory workers have moved on to pick up paintbrushes, but Fiume says that Asimov's 1983 essay envisions how, left to their own devices. . .

turn 1 :  implies surprise that the potential for machines to reach human intelligence is a reality that children might have to consider.

turn 1 : Asimov was optimistic in his predictions despite his concerns.

turn 1 : The speaker is stating that the amount of money being discussed is significant not just to themselves, but also to most people in the country. This suggests that there may be financial hardship or inequality that the speaker is aware of.

turn 1 : “First, there was a free introductory course where students were told they could make tens of thousands of dollars in just a couple of months using Trump's investment techniques.” - Implied meaning: The students were misled into believing that they could make a lot of money quickly by using Trump's investment techniques.

turn 1 : In (2), President Obama's commitment of money and military personnel is a literal statement, but it implies that he is taking action to help with the Ebola crisis.


turn 2 : Computers can replace low-level intellectual work and allow for self-improvement.

turn 2 : The availability of technology is causing more people to become addicted to activities they might avoid.

turn 2 : We're also in a situation where the administration has sent very limited aid budgets to Congress. And fortunately because of the commitment that Congress continues to show, they've actually rejected those steep cuts to humanitarian aid and provided strong funding - robust funding for humanitarian assistance. But we need to see that funding really get out of the bank accounts in D.C. and get out to the ground, where it's needed.  Implicated meaning: Despite the administration sending limited aid budgets to Congress, Congress has shown commitment by rejecting steep cuts to humanitarian aid and providing strong funding. However, it is necessary for the allocated funding to be effectively utilized and reach the areas where humanitarian assistance is required.

turn 2 :  (4) implies that the US is trying to reach a political solution to the conflict in Syria, but without a strategy to deal with Assad and the refugee crisis.

turn 2 : "And I know a large part of your speech was devoted to the idea that they should hold off and reassuring them the United States would take action if necessary and that Israeli action would be counterproductive." - The actual meaning here is not about the meaning of the words used but rather about the speaker acknowledging the content of the other person's speech and seeking clarification.


Well again, our hearts go out to the Hudson family. I wanted to bring up one more thing though, which is that, you know, Friday night is, in happy terms for a lot of kids, the night of ghouls and goblins. But there are these sex offender registries that reveal that in most of our neighborhoods there are people who have been convicted of crimes, including attacking children.

So Missouri enacted a law restricting convicted sex offenders on Halloween, and convicted sex crime offenders would be prohibited from leaving their homes between 5 P. M.  and 10:30. They would also have to hang a sign on their door that says no candy or treats at this residence. But a federal judge temporarily blocked the curfew for this Friday. The case is still in appeal. So what was it about this law that didn't pass the smell test for the judge?

It was vague and over broad. That's what didn't pass the smell test. What is just cause?They say that they - a sex offender can leave for just cause. So how do you define just cause?Is that a trip to the pharmacy to get some Aspirin, or does it have to be a medical emergency?

And also, they are saying Halloween-related contact with children, does that mean a man - and I believe that was one of the four sex offenders who brought this says, I have a nephew ,or a son or something that's living in my house, does that mean I cannot carve a pumpkin in my own home with my child?

turn 0 : You do not actually enter the person's heart or mind, it means that you start to understand their perspective

turn 0 : when hearts go out is said in this context it usually means you're in my thoughts, or I'm thinking of you

turn 0 :  In turn (4), the speaker describes the birds "flying" in the wind tunnel with the wind blowing in their faces, which is not a literal description of flight but rather an approximation of the experience.

turn 0 : (3) is a sign of amusement, indicating the speaker was laughing at the metaphor.

turn 0 : Preventing a cockroach from grooming presents an interesting challenge means it's difficult to get a cockroach to stop grooming


I mean, race is all throughout this conversation in the way people think about it and who the actual players are literally in this case. So Shaun Harper, who is a scholar on diversity in higher education at USC, said that, you know, many of the schools in the Power Five were either officially or effectively segregated for most of their histories. And that has really tangible consequences for the way campus life looks. And so these are conceived as white spaces. Their fan bases are white. Their alumni bases are white. Their cultural spaces are white. And so black students will be players in football and basketball. They'll be on the court and the field but they won't be in the stands.

So you're saying black people will be players. What do those demographics look like?

So most of the players in the money sports, in football and basketball at the Power Five schools, are black. So 56 percent of the basketball players - men's basketball players - are black. Fifty-five percent of the football players are black. But 2. 4 percent of the students at these schools are black men. And so this is -

Only?

turn 0 : The school is diverse despite being majority minority

turn 0 : In turn (4), the speaker is expressing admiration for a place they are visiting, specifically highlighting the presence of an emu and a day-old goat. The literal meaning of the turn is that the speaker finds the place charming and enjoys the presence of the animals. However, the implied meaning of the turn is that the speaker may be easily impressed or may have a naive or idealized view of rural life. The use of the word "bucolic" suggests a romanticized view of the countryside, and the excitement over the presence of relatively common animals suggests a lack of familiarity with rural environments. The turn implies that the speaker may not have a deep understanding of the realities of agricultural life and may be easily swayed by superficial or picturesque elements.

turn 0 : "Have you been able to restore the populations to any extent?" This turn has a literal meaning. It asks whether any progress has been made in increasing the population of the tortoises.

turn 0 : The schools in the Power Five are predominantly white spaces.


They have indeed, but not through Jordan, as far as I know.

And you talked about hedging your bets. Doesn't that risk putting your bets on the wrong side if, indeed, the rebels do topple, which from what you say, the regime believes is only a matter of time. Why don't they put their bets on - with the opposition?

That's a debate that is actually going on inside the country today. As I said, 82 percent of Jordanians are with the uprising, not all of them, however, are with any military intervention against the Syrian regime. This is a very sensitive issue in Arab politics, to be seen as actively working militarily against an Arab regime. Still, as I said, the sentiments of the people in Jordan, not all of them, but the overwhelming majority of them, are with the uprising. And the country, I would expect, the government, will probably have to change its position as developments move. It's a fair question to ask. You know, one day, we'll be able to do so. There are many who have asked the government to take on a sort of a clearer position on the Syrian crisis than it has so far.

How porous is the border?If people wanted to operate across it clandestinely, would they be able to do so?

turn 1 : Hedging bets may not be a wise decision and the rebels may win. Regime may be wrong about the outcome

turn 1 : It's not betting but making sure that his chance has a better chance of succeeding.

turn 1 : He would be fulfilling a government role and Trump makes it look like he does all of the work.

turn 1 :  Implied meaning: Is there space for Chris Christie to enter the presidential race and has he made a mistake by attending the Cowboys-Lions game?

turn 1 : The turn that has a different meaning from its literal meaning is (2) "President Trump overrode the decision of career officials to grant his son-in-law, Jared Kushner, a clearance".  The phrase "overrode the decision" does not mean that President Trump simply disagreed with the decision made by the career officials and made a different decision. It implies that he forced the clearance to be granted despite objections from those officials.


turn 1 : Hedging bets could result in supporting the losing side.

turn 1 : (3) - The actual meaning is that Donald Trump likely wanted Tom Price to resign as Secretary of Health and Human Services after facing criticism for his use of private jets. Trump campaigned against government corruption, so this situation is ironic.


turn 2 : Jordanians support the uprising but are hesitant to support military intervention. Government may change its position later

turn 2 : Jordan is open to international efforts to resolve the situation in Syria, but is not taking unilateral action

turn 2 : Having the right connections, personality and know-how is essential for success.

turn 2 : Being good at something is not enough for success.

turn 2 : As a leader and parent, it is important to help young people achieve their dreams and goals


Now here we are 15 years later. Let's talk about the restructuring efforts that are going on in Rwanda now.

Yeah.

Describe that.

I actually had a chance to be back there this last summer. I was just really impressed. I met with some of my old friends and some new ones. There was a gentleman and his wife who'd been hiding in one of the orphanages that I was bringing food and water to, three months in this tiny little room, six of them, and he's now a high court judge. She's deputy director of Ombudsman, and this Ombudsman program is just huge as far as I'm concerned.

turn 3 : Their notion is to do as much as you can and don't think about the numbers too much.

turn 3 : The turn in (3) has an implied meaning of appreciation rather than a literal meaning of thanks.

turn 3 : This turn does not have an implied meaning different from its literal meaning. It is a straightforward expression of gratitude towards Laura Sydell, the NPR correspondent.

turn 3 : saying that the ombudsman program is just as big

turn 3 : The literal meaning of (3) is a simple expression of agreement, while the implied meaning is that the speaker is amazed by the story of Steve Dalkowski's feats.


And, of course, a lot of the Democrats are aware of these shortfalls. And there are counties with only one insurance company and counties where it's not clear there are going to be any insurance companies. And some of that's been overblown, but there are real problems. And, of course, any bill, any large program, any law needs to be revisited and amended, and the parties need to get together to do that.

These insults this week flying back and forth between the president and Kim Jong Un - lunatic, frightened dog, dotard. I don't know about you, I had to look that one up.

We all did.

This is this just scenery chewing or are people in official Washington worried it could encourage something more destructive?

turn 1 :  implies that Kim Jong Un's absence is unusual and concerning

turn 1 :  (2) implies that the speaker was surprised by the unusual words used in the exchange between the president and Kim Jong Un, and had to look up the meaning of one of them.

turn 1 :  (2) implies that Mr. Groves is joining the conversation for the purpose of providing his expertise on the topic.

turn 1 :  The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker is thanking the guest for appearing on the show and expressing appreciation for their insight

turn 1 :  The implied meaning of this turn is that the guest is expressing gratitude for being invited to the show


We all did.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is subtly trying to convey a sense of urgency or importance in the matter being discussed, without explicitly stating it.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker thinks that there is a level of ambiguity or hidden message in the turn that may not be immediately apparent, but which can be inferred or interpreted through context or other clues.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be suggesting that there are some hidden or unknown factors that could influence the situation being discussed.

turn 3 :  implies that the speaker is asking if the exchange is just a show, or whether people in official Washington are actually worried that it could lead to something more destructive.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker's selection of a seemingly insignificant turn may be interpreted as an attempt to change the subject or redirect the conversation, potentially indicating discomfort or disinterest in the current topic.


The World War II submarine veterans that survived - most people don't know this, but submarine service was the deadliest service to be in during World War II. So these guys wanted to honor all their lost friends. And ironically, they had to use spring floods to actually put it in place, and we're going to have to use spring floods or early summer floods to put it back in place, so full circle, you know?

Yeah. So I'm talking to you, of course, on Memorial Day. You had a whole ceremony planned at the memorial park. What did you all have planned?

Well, another thing that we have on the ground is a piece of the USS Oklahoma, one of the battleships that sunk at Pearl Harbor. And we were actually going to do what we call a tolling for all the people who perished on board the USS Oklahoma. So it's over 400 people. It's a beautiful ceremony. And that's the painful thing is that everybody's off today, but we don't feel complete because we're not doing what we want to do. We're not honoring the people that have given their lives for this country. And it's kind of - I don't know. I don't know how to take it. It's weird.

Well, Brent Trout, thank you so much for taking the time to speak with us. And we wish you luck in the coming days as you watch what happens with the water there.

turn 2 : The speaker has a permanent memorial post where people can pay their respects.

turn 2 : B is confirming that A attended the same school from kindergarten until graduation.

turn 2 : Not being able to honor the fallen soldiers on Memorial Day is painful.

turn 2 : A is not fully agreeing with B's statement

turn 2 : B was raised by his grandparents who were foster parents, not his biological parents.


I think they have put a scare into people enough that they'd approve almost anything, and that's unfortunate. But I think we rely on our leadership. Cal Rapson, who is our vice president, has been in General Motors his entire life. I worked with Cal when I was here as a president. I think he understands the needs of auto workers, understands what GM can do and what they can't do, and I think, if we follow his leadership along with Ron Getelfinger, we're not going to be in too bad a shape.

You worked at a GM plant for 32 years. What you're seeing right now, how does that compare to what you've seen in the past?There have been troubled times before.

Never have seen anything to this magnitude. Well, my local has gone from 14,000 members to 2,000. When I was here, we were worrying about what was our next product, not worrying about whether we were going to have a product.

And so, for some of the workers that are there now with you at this UAW hall currently employed, what are they talking about?Are they coming up with a plan B in case this doesn't happen and they don't have jobs?

turn 1 : They are worried about any negative consequences of their actions and will fix them quickly.

turn 1 : The situation is much worse than ever before and people are starting to think about alternative options if their current job is not secured.

turn 1 : (1) The speaker is not only suggesting using technology to alert providers when they may be entering orders for the wrong patient, but also emphasizing the importance of preventing medical errors in the healthcare system.

turn 1 : The alert is suggesting that the provider should double-check to make sure they are entering the orders for the correct patient.

turn 1 : The speaker is expressing sympathy for the victims and their families.


turn 3 : GM is only trying to get money from Congress, not save the industry. (line 4)

turn 3 : B is referring to the Hurricane Katrina catastrophe in New Orleans and it aftermaths.

turn 3 : The current workers of the UAW hall are preparing for the possibility that GM won't be saved and are coming up with plans for their future.

turn 3 :  (2) implies that B is wondering what the latest news or developments are in the situation,

turn 3 : B wants to know if A evacuated because it was mandatory or not.


But also, at the moment, there is a decided sense of panic and loss of confidence in the financial system itself, which is actually exacerbating the situation. The scariest thing that's going on at the moment is, essentially, there's a run on the whole of the Western world's banking systems. It's a behind-the-scenes run, but it's a run nonetheless. And this is why you're seeing some extraordinary action by central banks, essentially because they are now the only people in the - around who are willing to fund or finance the banking sector.

If there's a loss of faith in leadership in the U. S.  and Europe, where do you look for world financial leadership now?

Well, I think the interesting thing is, the normal thing - place you would look would be to the finance ministers and the central bank governors of the world and seek to see whether they can come up with some sort of plan or some sort of coordinated action. Everyone is gathering together later this week in Washington on Friday and at the weekend.

And so this is a real test. I don't think they necessarily want it to be a test, but I'm sure it will be seen as a test to see whether the authorities can do more than look at how to stop this happening again in the long term, which is one of things, actually, they were intending the meeting to be about, but actually to try and stop the panic.

turn 0 : Central bankers' actions have positively affected the market.

turn 0 : None of the words or phrases in this turn have a figurative meaning. It is a straightforward statement about the print media in North Korea continuing to praise the leader, despite his absence, and how his father had also disappeared from public view at times.

turn 0 : (3) Implied Meaning: Is President Kabila using the current situation to remain in power?

turn 0 : thanking the NPR reporter, so it does not have a different actual meaning from its literal meaning.

turn 0 : There is a sense of panic in the financial system and central banks are the only ones willing to finance the banking sector.


turn 3 : A thinks that the government is not functioning properly.

turn 3 : Take a shot means have a try in this context, not actually shoot someone

turn 3 : In this turn, the speaker is using sarcasm and irony. The literal meaning suggests that the person being discussed sent impressive pictures of jet engines in a basement, which are flaming out. However, the actual meaning implies that the person's actions or pictures were not impressive or desirable.

turn 3 : The authorities are trying to stop the panic and the meeting is a test to see if they can do more than just plan for the long term.

turn 3 : (4) implies disbelief or shock at A's response in the previous turn.


I think we typically are having a totally misguided debate about racism in this country.

And in exactly the way you're saying, in that people get accused of racism. They become massively defensive because it's a word that should destroy you. And so you totally resist it, and we're not really discussing policies.

Exactly. And, I mean, obviously if you could express in one minute racist ideas and in the next minute anti-racist ideas, and what we're saying is stop expressing those racist ideas and start recognizing the equality of racial groups, then that's a completely different discussion.

Well, let's talk about the president's remark that set this off, in which he said that four women of color who are in Congress, who are Democrats, should go back where they came from and try to clean up their messed-up countries. We at NPR have been pretty explicit in labeling that as old racist language. Go back where you came from is a thing that's been said by a lot of people for a long time. But you're the scholar. Is that a racist statement?And if so, why is it a racist statement?

turn 0 : to take on a role in this context means to act like a character.

turn 0 : The federal government has investigated alternatives to lethal force and improving police-community relations for decades, but these techniques have not gained enough traction.

turn 0 : destroy you meaning your character for being labeled as such

turn 0 : Turn (4) is implying that even though research has been conducted in this area, law enforcement has not been paying attention to it and is only now beginning to do so.

turn 0 : The implementation of a residential law for policemen and an independent civilian complaint review board would decrease police brutality.


That's right, that's right, and we essentially within the DNA give the instructions for that cell to read out the viral protein.

OK, so you put the cell to work, and then what happens?What's the second stage?

Well, then after a few months, we come back and we boost the immune response, and we can do that in one of two ways. We can actually inject the standard inactivated vaccine, the one that you and I get every year in our flu shot, or we can also do it by using a different type of carrier, a viral vector, an adenovirus, that can do the same thing.

In our human studies, we've actually done it with the standard flu vaccine.

turn 0 : The protein locks it up means it stops the ice crystal from freezing or getting larger.

turn 0 : The speaker identifies with various forms of art and culture, and has a deep appreciation for life and love.

turn 0 : This is implying that A believes art should have an interesting or captivating element to it.

turn 0 : the musicians actually created a spark in the speaker's imagination, but the figurative meaning is that the musicians inspired the speaker's creativity.

turn 0 : The cell doesn't literally "read" the protein, it merely reacts to the stimili.


turn 3 : something that was hinted at or suggested, but not directly stated. When a person looks at his watch

turn 3 : The story involving Theodore Roosevelt may reveal America's aggressive nature.

turn 3 : The president was satisfied with how he was perceived.

turn 3 : My father was trying to instill a sense of superiority and strength in me by contrasting the strong and the weak.


No, I think he's wrong about that. I think Assad is one of the main reasons for the growth of ISIS. And that's the message I would have for the Russians now. You know, if they think somehow that backing Assad without any prospect for political transition will succeed, I think they're wrong.

But is there anything in Bashar al-Assad's profile that would suggest if he's able to hold onto power long enough to be part of a solution that then he just, you know, hops a plane for France and says you guys take care of it from now on?

No, nothing at all, and that's precisely my point. You can achieve limited political objectives with support for the opposition and limited military force. But the ultimate political objective of regime change takes a lot more than we have been prepared to do.

One last question. What would the messy solution you're talking about ideally look like in, say, six months?

turn 2 :  (2) Implied meaning: The US is in a difficult situation with North Korea and Russia, and the president's actions have made it even more difficult.

turn 2 : In turn (3), the speaker says "You can achieve limited political objectives with support for the opposition and limited military force. But the ultimate political objective of regime change takes a lot more than we have been prepared to do." The literal meaning of this turn is that achieving limited political objectives requires some support for the opposition and limited military force, while achieving the ultimate political objective of regime change requires more effort than what has been done so far.

turn 2 : Armstrong was sent to a reformatory multiple times and grew up in poverty.

turn 2 : The family was taking a chance by investing in a potential financial opportunity without having any guarantee of success.

turn 2 : Children of wealthy tycoons and lords of Gilded Age


Yeah, absolutely.

Robo-fish and friends.

It's a great little video up there on our website at sciencefriday. com. It's our video pick of the week and. . .

And you can see this following, the milling about of the robots. One thing that he said that was really interesting to me is, you know, not every fish will follow. And so his next installment - so stay tuned, this could be number three in a few years - is to figure out how personality drives sort of the differences between the fish. It seems that the bolder fish are less apt to follow the robotic fish.

turn 3 : Turn (4): "And it remains to be seen what climate is actually going to do." This response is a figurative way of saying that the future is uncertain and unpredictable. The literal meaning of the words is that the speaker does not know what the climate will do, but the figurative meaning is that the future is always unknown and there are many factors that can influence it.

turn 3 : The conversation was private and sealed, so it's unclear what was discussed.

turn 3 :  "Stay tuned" - This phrase implies that there is more to come in the future, likely related to the robotic fish and its interactions with real-life fish.

turn 3 : The agreement will cause things to come to a halt with no further changes.

turn 3 : The situation is uncertain and they need to take it one step at a time


Yeah, South Korea, the Netherlands. We played, you know, the reigning champs, Serbia, and we also played Turkey. So yeah. Yeah, we had a good four games of full play.

I understand the French team looks strong.

They are strong. They're very good. There's a lot of good teams here. I mean, this is the highest level of 3x3 in the - 3 on 3 (ph) basketball there is around the world.

Do you feel you're kind of in on the ground floor of a sport that's going to become more popular around the world?

turn 2 : is to practice or prepare for a performance.

turn 2 : 3x3 basketball is highly competitive with many skilled teams

turn 2 :  Implies disbelief in the official explanation for the meeting and wanting a better answer.

turn 2 : can be interpreted as a way to inquire about the current situation in the city, not just the events taking place.

turn 2 : The talks had gotten worse as they were returning to what they had spoken of before. Offers were made and rejected. The table is just a metaphor for the two sides talking to one another.


That's right.

Their due, and they would make great traveling companions, you're saying. You know, we once had a piece of moss - we've done a show on moss before, and we got some samples of moss, and we've just stuck them out on the porch, and they lasted for years all by themselves just sitting there.

They do, they do.

Yeah, it's really interesting. Do they produce anything for humans?I mean if you took them along on the Mars trip, could you eat them?Why would you bring them along to Mars?

turn 3 : Asking about Mars's core can teach us something.

turn 3 : Asking for the purpose of bringing moss to Mars

turn 3 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer


Yeah. I always - I was - firstly, I want to say that she was always super generous and warm and very, very affectionate with me. So there was no problem of that kind. But there was - you know, there were certain attitudes. And I think with her, like, there was a kind of desire to shock.

Do you think that's because at least the elder royals are very insular?They're very protected from the rest of society and its headwinds and changes.

Yeah. I think that is true. I think that it wasn't just - I mean, it was colored people, homosexuals, Jews. People would have these very polite manners. And then they would say these rather awful things. You know, it's like, I'm terribly sorry. I don't like Jews very much. You know, you just can't talk like that. So there was certainly a kind of - it was very, very archaic.

Your piece has gotten quite a bit of reaction in the British tabloids. And some of it has not been positive. What's your reaction to the reaction?

turn 0 : "super generous and warm" implies very generous and warm. "a kind of desire to shock" implies a kind of desire to surprise.

turn 0 : "shocked - really shocked" is a figurative way of expressing the speaker's strong emotional reaction.

turn 0 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be hinting at a desire or need for help or support from the listener.

turn 0 : Implied meaning: The speaker is subtly trying to convey a sense of urgency or importance in the matter being discussed, without explicitly stating it.

turn 0 : Implied meaning: The speaker is hinting at a deeper or hidden motive or intention behind their actions or words.


He says today's number one threat to American national security is nuclear proliferation and terrorism. His new book, "Will Terrorists Go Nuclear?"examines both the risks and psychology of nuclear terrorism, and says terrorists don't need to have such weapons to perpetrate nuclear terror.

Nuclear terrorism is about the very frightening possibility that terrorists could acquire and employ nuclear weapons. Nuclear terror is about the anticipation of that event. Nuclear terrorism is about terrorists' capabilities, intelligence, evidence, our assessment of the threat. Nuclear terror is about our imagination.

The history of nuclear terrorism can be briefly summarized. Fortunately there hasn't been any. Many would hasten to add yet. But nuclear terror has a rich history, and it's deeply embedded in our popular culture and our policy making circles.

One of the other things you mentioned in the book, among many, is that al-Qaeda might become the world's first terrorist nuclear power without possessing a single nuclear weapon. And I suppose the answer to that is in part what you just were describing.

turn 0 : This statement "Will Terrorists Go Nuclear?" implies that the book discusses more than just the possibility of terrorists using nuclear weapons to carry out attacks.

turn 0 : In (3), the speaker is implying that just because there hasn't been a terrorist attack yet, it doesn't mean that there won't be one in the future.


turn 1 : Al-Qaeda has no nuclear material, but they are the CIA's top nuclear concern.

turn 1 : "But it will only be a brief hiatus in this long-term, contentious U.S.-China relationship" has a figurative meaning that is different from its literal meaning. The literal meaning of the turn is that a deal between the US and China would only be a temporary break in their long-term, contentious relationship. However, the figurative meaning is that even if a deal is reached, the underlying tensions and issues between the two countries will remain and could resurface in the future.

turn 1 : Nuclear terrorism is not just about the possibility of terrorists acquiring and using nuclear weapons, but also about the fear and imagination surrounding the threat.

turn 1 : China is trying to negotiate the best possible deal while doing as little as possible to please Trump.

turn 1 : There are some groups who see China as a threat, but not everyone agrees with this assessment.


Pat and Gina are fun, folksy and family oriented. Pat started our chat by telling me how it all got started.

First of all, I was 23 years of age, and I always felt like, even back then, that the best thing I had going for me was my age, and the worst thing I had going for me was my age. Because I was young enough to make mistakes, yet, at the same time, I was going to be young enough to recover from them.

So, you know, it was a very, very gutsy move because he and I, we didn't have a quarter. And I'm sure you're saying, well, how did you open up a restaurant without any money?Well, my grandmother, who was in her 90s, was gracious enough and had enough faith and confidence in us to use her house as collateral, and we took out a small 20,000 dollar loan, opened up a 2,000-square-foot restaurant in 1988.

And, the first day we opened, we were dead broke. We didn't have a cash register. There were so many things that we didn't have that I wouldn't dare try to open up a restaurant in today's time without. But in less than the two years - we leased the building for two years - in two years, not only had we paid my grandmother her money back, but we had saved 40,000 dollars. And we took that money and used it as a down payment and purchased our first restaurant.

turn 2 : Pouring money is a metaphor, not literal. It just means the government gave a lot of money to the bank, who spent a lot on bonuses and dividends.

turn 2 : The turn "your life changed" in (1) is an idiomatic expression that means a significant event or series of events that dramatically altered the course of one's life. Its actual meaning is different from its literal meaning, which would be that the person's life physically changed.

turn 2 : Using "a quarter" to mean money is a non-literal meaning.

turn 2 : to move in direction in this context means to change something

turn 2 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer


turn 3 : "dead broke" - This means that they had no money, rather than literally being physically broken or dead.

turn 3 : as it is the only turn with an implied meaning different from its literal meaning.

turn 3 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer

turn 3 : Using "dead broke" to mean completely out of money is a non-literal meaning.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using metaphors or analogies to convey a complex idea or emotion in a more relatable or understandable way.


Is anyone doing that research?

Well, I have the good fortune of working on an NSF career ward myself, entitled tornado-resilient communities. And we're sort of scratching the surface here, trying to first of all apply what knowledge we know from our wind hazard research here in Florida and all the work that has been done by the emergency management and the building codes here.

But beyond that, I'm working with manufacturers of adhesive products and so on to develop new ways, new, more resistant ways in which we can actually get these buildings held together.

You think some sort of building Super Glue?Is that what you're talking about?

turn 1 : They are just beginning and working with the first part of the data.

turn 1 : It does not run but the data is joined with different days of the week, month, and year.

turn 1 : The jungle wasn't as untouched as originally believed and was heavily populated in prehistoric times.

turn 1 : The jungle was transformed by early civilizations through farming, terracing, irrigation, and building.

turn 1 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer


I think so. I think its a challenge that, you know, Uganda is the third largest refugee-hosting country in the world now, but I think most people dont realize that. When we think about refugees, we often think about the Syria crisis, which is the world's largest. We think about people who are crossing the Mediterranean. But we're not thinking about the now almost a million people who've crossed this land border into Uganda but have also fled from South Sudan into Kenya and Ethiopia and even into Sudan.

We're also in a situation where the administration has sent very limited aid budgets to Congress. And fortunately because the commitment that Congress continues to show, they've actually rejected those steep cuts to humanitarian aid and provided strong funding - robust funding for humanitarian assistance. But we need to see that funding really get out of the bank accounts in D. C.  and get out to the ground, where it's needed.

Has Uganda been been so welcoming?The international community has thought there's relatively little reason to get involved.

turn 0 : The situation is more dire than what is being reported, as the resources available are not able to meet the needs of the refugees.

turn 0 :  (2) implies that people are facing a lot of bureaucracy and paperwork,

turn 0 : (4) B: The speaker implies that reducing bureaucracy is not as simple as just getting rid of paperwork, as bureaucracies are inherently reliant on established procedures and processes.

turn 0 : Is this situation just overshadowed by other refugee and humanitarian crises in the world?  Implicated meaning: Is this situation being overlooked or given less attention compared to other refugee and humanitarian crises in the world?

turn 0 : Red tape and excessive bureaucracy make it hard to start a business.


turn 1 :  I think so. I think it's a challenge that, you know, Uganda is the third largest refugee-hosting country in the world now, but I think most people don't realize that. When we think about refugees, we often think about the Syria crisis, which is the world's largest. We think about people who are crossing the Mediterranean. But we're not thinking about the now almost a million people who've crossed this land border into Uganda but have also fled from South Sudan into Kenya and Ethiopia and even into Sudan.  Implicated meaning: Most people are not aware of Uganda's significant role as the third largest host country for refugees, as their attention is primarily focused on the Syrian crisis and refugees crossing the Mediterranean. The situation involving almost a million people who have crossed into Uganda from neighboring countries is often overlooked or not given enough consideration.

turn 1 : The Ugandan refugee settlement model provides refugees with an opportunity to live a self-sufficient life, with the ability to grow their own food and perhaps even build a livelihood.

turn 1 : The speaker is implying that new information has been revealed regarding the missing brains.

turn 1 : "we'll have to leave it there" implies that the tv show is over.

turn 1 : The actual meaning of (3) is that many people wrongly assume that suspects will remain silent when questioned, when in fact they rarely do.