Mr.  Jones…

Yes?

…when you think about the issues of justice and in - for so long, we as African-Americans have and many of us have debated what does justice mean in this life, what does justice mean in the next life, do you think that there is racial justice?Do you think that there will be racial justice on this Earth?

Yes, I do. I believe that we are at a profound transition point. Martin King would say today, there's no way we can make the transition to the 21st century unless we leave the baggage of slavery and racism behind.

And I think to talk about current events, I think that he would both be disappointed and appalled in what's going on in the political discourse. He would be disappointed because when the Senator Obama is criticized in the speech he gave in Philadelphia, Martin would say, well, hold on, America seems to be deeply afflicted by amnesia about how it cheated these African-American people over the past 20th century.

But I think he'd applaud the fact that Senator Obama did what should have been done earlier and needs to be done. You see what Senator Obama did, he walked into the national living room of America and acknowledged and then talked to the 800-pound gorilla of race relations that everybody knew was sitting in there for the 20th century.

turn 2 : The speaker is asking if the listener believes in racial justice and if it is possible to achieve it. The speaker suggests that African-Americans have debated this issue for a long time, indicating that it is a complex issue.

turn 2 : The speaker is expressing concern that the justice system might be unfairly biased against certain individuals based on their race and access to resources.

turn 2 : B confirms that the president is a recent one and hints at Bill Clinton being the right answer.

turn 2 : This statement implies that President Trump is skeptical of the CIA's findings and is seeking irrefutable evidence before taking action.

turn 2 : The president will propose something new later today


Mr.  Jones…

Yes?

turn 3 : The actual meanings of these turns are: (2) Martin Luther King was killed by a white assassin; (3) America doesn't understand or appreciate the contributions of black leaders during Reconstruction; (4) America's history of racism and white supremacy has been ignored or minimized for many decades.

turn 3 : “The confessions were false” but not “The confessions were short and contained false-fed facts” which is the literal meaning of the turn.

turn 3 : The passage is written in a dialect of English, and the words used have a literal meaning that may be different from standard English. The actual meaning of the passage is a prayer asking for God's blessings, forgiveness of sins, and protection from evil, expressed in a language that is culturally and regionally specific.

turn 3 : The speaker believes that the country needs to move past the legacy of slavery and racism to make progress. The reference to Martin Luther King Jr. suggests that the speaker believes in King's philosophy of non-violent protest and advocacy for civil rights.

turn 3 : "But it also handles all cases of abuse and the disciplining of perpetrators of abuse, et cetera." - The literal meaning of this turn is that the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith deals with cases of abuse and disciplining of perpetrators of abuse. However, the actual meaning is that the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith deals with cases of sexual abuse within the Catholic Church, which is a highly sensitive and controversial topic.


Mr.  Jones…

Yes?

turn 5 : Obama missed the chance to claim his bi-racialness.

turn 5 : The speaker wants to address the negative views towards immigrants in America and reject white nationalism and xenophobia

turn 5 : The speaker believes that Senator Obama did the right thing by addressing the issue of race relations in America, which has been a long-standing problem. The reference to the "800-pound gorilla" suggests that this is a difficult issue that people have been avoiding for a long time.

turn 5 : Danticat's book of short stories reflects the immigrant experience

turn 5 : The speaker is pointing out the cultural differences between America and their country, where America tends to cover up imperfections while their country embraces them. Implicated meaning: The speaker values authenticity and honesty over superficial appearances.


I love it.

Yeah. What do you like specifically about reading your work to an audience that makes it different, perhaps, from writing it for the page?

It's like playing music to an audience. To play the music and not feel the responsive vibrations, something coming back, is meaningless to me. But what happens in a live context when you are reciting or reading your poetry, it's only partially complete when you're reading it. It's completed when it's received. And poetry's very much like music. It's vibration and frequency. And it affects us in ways that we don't altogether understand. But we know it's happening.

What kind of inspiration did it take to make you into a poet?Who did you read?When did you start reading, or did someone read to you as a child that made you love poetry?

turn 2 : What matters is how the song makes a person feels and how it sounds.

turn 2 : He used racist language but tried to hide it behind humor.

turn 2 : A's turn: "the message boards are lit up with people saying that people who are speaking out against white supremacy, including myself, should be taken care of, whatever that means."

turn 2 :  (3) - The speaker is suggesting that the woman might have been racist and they needed to take her seriously.

turn 2 : Having it to compared music as poetry and music has the heartstrings of everyone listening to the melodies of the instrument and words.


So, does Teddy Roosevelt still come to life when it gets dark at the museum?

People would like to think so, and this is part of the imagination that you need to have when you're visiting a natural history museum. To go back to your point about whether the dioramas are old hat, well, sure. In one way they certainly are. They represent a very old kind of technology. But I look at it a little bit differently. It's a 3-D theater in a way that TV cannot be. We have a beautiful diorama of bison herds from some indefinite time in the 19th century when they still had large herds, and that is so realistic that you think, if you just saw an image of it, that it had to have been taken yesterday somewhere in Wyoming.

Ross MacPhee, curator of the Hall of North American Mammals at the American Museum of Natural History. Thanks so much for being with us.

Most welcome.

turn 0 : (1) has an implied meaning that is different from its literal meaning. The literal meaning is that the speaker is asking if there is any sign of improvement in the situation being discussed, but the implied meaning is that the situation is bad and the speaker is hoping for some positive news or indication that things will get better.

turn 0 : The brain is capable of adjusting to unusual situations quickly.

turn 0 : meaning is turn (1), where B asks if Teddy Roosevelt comes to life when it gets dark at the museum. The actual meaning implied by B's question is whether the museum has interactive exhibits or displays that bring historical figures to life, rather than asking about a specific event where Teddy Roosevelt might come to life in the museum.

turn 0 : Take a shot means have a try in this context, not actually shoot someone

turn 0 : shots implies the activities in a game and not referring to a gunshot


Well, what it does is it does away with the prohibition against rating on pre-existing conditions, meaning that if you have a pre-existing condition - and about a third of us do - that you could be charged a much higher rate for insurance. So let me give you an example. Somebody is working, they have insurance, and they have a catastrophic illness - cancer, some other calamity. They have to stop working because they need to get their condition taken care of. If they're out for 60 days, they lose their insurance. And now, they have to pay whatever the insurance company decides is the premium because they are - now have a pre-existing condition. Somebody in that situation may never be able to accumulate enough money to pay the very high premiums and get back on the cycle of having continuous insurance coverage.

Now, of course, Speaker Ryan looks forward to what are called now high-risk pools. These would be plans that are essentially devoted to try and accommodate people who have expensive and pre-existing conditions. You're not convinced that would do it.

Well, I think that the problem with those is in the fine print. First of all, very often they are not adequately funded. And many of the high-risk pools have lifetime caps, lifetime limits.

turn 1 : Don't just paraphase the words! Find the implicated meaning! We don't want answers like: to be silent means stay quiet and not making noise, bad answer!  Please read the examples above carefully!      (1)	A:	Well, what it does is it does away with the prohibition against rating on pre-existing conditions, meaning that if you have a pre-existing condition - and about a third of us do - that you could be charged a much higher rate for insurance.So let me give you an example.Somebody is working, they have insurance, and they have a catastrophic illness - cancer, some other calamity.They have to stop working because they need to get their condition taken care of.If they're out for 60 days, they lose their insurance.And now, they have to pay whatever the insurance company decides is the premium because they are - now have a pre-existing condition.Somebody in that situation may never be able to accumulate enough money to pay the very high premiums and get back on the cycle of having continuous insurance coverage. (2)	B:	Now, of course, Speaker Ryan looks forward to what are called now high-risk pools.These would be plans that are essentially devoted to try and accommodate people who have expensive and pre-existing conditions.You're not convinced that would do it. (3)	A:	Well, I think that the problem with those is in the fine print.First of all, very often they are not adequately funded.And many of the high-risk pools have lifetime caps, lifetime limits. (4)	B:	What kind of reforms would you like to make?  Please choose the turns whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings.   (1)  (2)  (3)  (4)

turn 1 : (1) A: The speaker implies that the lack of certainty from Congress regarding support for insurance premiums for lower income people is causing instability in the individual insurance markets, which is leading insurance companies to price their policies very high.

turn 1 : The situation is uncertain and they need to take it one step at a time

turn 1 : you imply that something is the case

turn 1 : The long haul is a length of time where the issue had to be dealt with.


turn 2 : B is questioning the reliability of high-risk pools, implying that they may not be effective in providing affordable care.

turn 2 : "raises that question again with Manafort" - The literal meaning is that the unusual nature of information sharing raises a question about Manafort. The actual meaning could be that the information sharing suggests Manafort may have information about the president that could lead to a pardon.

turn 2 : "Otherwise, blameless life." - The literal meaning of this turn is a statement about Manafort's past behavior, but its actual meaning is to mitigate his crimes and argue for a more lenient sentence.

turn 2 :  Implies that the high-risk pools are often not sufficiently funded and/or have limits on coverage

turn 2 : The prosecutors collaborated with the supervisor to manipulate the system.


turn 2 :   (3) Please choose a confidence score ( marks how confidence you are that there is implied meaning in this turn ) :   4 : You are not sure whether everybody will agree that this turn has implied meanings but you believe that most of them will Please write a implied meaning ( More than 8 words! ) :

turn 2 : "Why should I take it off the table, right?" - The literal meaning is that the president is questioning why he should remove the possibility of a pardon from consideration. The actual meaning could be that the president is still considering a pardon for Manafort.

turn 2 : "Is he doing too much to intervene? That's the question on Capitol Hill." - The actual meaning implied here is that there are concerns in both parties about the president's behavior when it comes to criminal justice, particularly his intervention in the Arpaio case.


turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be suggesting that there are some hidden or unknown factors that could influence the situation being discussed.

turn 3 : "Why should I take it off the table, right?" - The literal meaning is that the president is questioning why he should remove the possibility of a pardon from consideration. The actual meaning could be that the president is still considering a pardon for Manafort.

turn 3 : Implies that the speaker would like to see further reforms beyond what is suggested by Speaker Ryan.

turn 3 : "raises that question again with Manafort" - The literal meaning is that the unusual nature of information sharing raises a question about Manafort. The actual meaning could be that the information sharing suggests Manafort may have information about the president that could lead to a pardon.

turn 3 : "Otherwise, blameless life." - The literal meaning of this turn is a statement about Manafort's past behavior, but its actual meaning is to mitigate his crimes and argue for a more lenient sentence.


I think you maybe missed your calling as a cybercriminal, Scott. Criminals are always looking to, what is the formula that makes paying the ransom worth it to the person who I'm attacking?So I'm absolutely certain that you're right that you will see an uptick in at least attempts to do this in other cities.

Cities have computer experts, right?Shouldn't they be avoiding these attacks somehow?

I think it's a pretty sensitive issue. In the case of Baltimore, the mayor came out and publicly blamed the National Security Agency for having lost some exploits several years ago that had resulted in the attack that they sustained. But at the same time, there had been a patch available that the city hadn't put in place.

You know, nationwide, there was an enormous lack of people with cybersecurity skills. City governments aren't known for their enormously high salaries. So I think you'll see the competition at tech firms, at big banks making it very hard for these cities to have enough people in place.

turn 0 : missed your calling  implies not to follow one's talent or gift in destiny

turn 0 : A is not actually talking about being late or making mistakes, but rather about deserving love.

turn 0 : Liberals in this area hold conservative beliefs and values.

turn 0 : 2. Conservatives prioritize issues such as school prayer and abortion.

turn 0 : Liberals in this place have socially conservative views.


turn 0 : A thinks Scott has good knowledge of cybercriminals

turn 0 : The systems are capable of being penetrated by someone.

turn 0 : The NSA lost control of their hacking tools and they were leaked/stolen.

turn 0 : So this attack is raising one of these fundamental issues that we talk about in the security world about whether NSA surveillance protects people or creates unexpected damage that does more harm than good."

turn 0 : implies that the speaker wants to know about the role that the families played in helping Edward Snowden, not just how he ended up staying with them


Same for the rap charts and also pop. I mean, you said that this is a city that has an impact on black music. You know, Atlanta has made black music popular music. These are artists that are on the Hot 100, the biggest songs in the country. So, I am very hopeful.

Dee Dee, same thing.

Right. For me, you know, I look at the new emerging talents like Jazzpects and Hollywierd and Proton. You know, I see a whole new 'nother birth of musicians coming up, and again, just being on the live music scene last night, I was at the Smith's Olde Bar to see Anthony David and Jazzpects and Redlands and Proton and Yellow Wolf, which are all underground artists that are stemming away from the norm.

Jazzpects is fusing hip-hop and jazz. And Yellow Wolf, on the total opposite the spectrum, is a white rapper that is - he has a group called the Dixie Mafia that is a really, really - he is an excellent rapper, that is fusing a lot of the blue grass and country and, you know, middle-America stuff with hip-hop.

turn 0 : Atlanta has contributed significantly to the music industry.

turn 0 : They did not actually build something physical, they created the situation of the disaster.

turn 0 : They could not think of any ideas on what to build and how to build it.

turn 0 :  "rocked and rolled" implies that the Curiosity rover, which is a robotic vehicle sent to Mars by NASA was able to navigate uneven terrain.

turn 0 : Atlanta has been influential in popularizing black music


Dee Dee, same thing.

turn 3 : Yellow Wolf is blending bluegrass and country with hip-hop

turn 3 : The singer is implyihng that Frank Rogers and he cowrote the song in question together.

turn 3 : B: "That soccer star Abby Wambach" - This turn has a literal meaning as it refers to the actual identity of the person being mentioned.

turn 3 : The turn that has an implied meaning different from its literal meaning is (3). In this turn, the speaker is discussing how the names of crime scene investigators have evolved over time, and how many departments have now adopted the name "CSI." However, the implied meaning is that popular culture, specifically the TV show CSI, has had an influence on the naming conventions of law enforcement agencies.

turn 3 : She wrote very close to what happened in her own life.


People call out sick, and they actually monitor how much an impact the video game has for the movies that were released, for how many people called out sick, and whether work or productivity goes down. So this isn't, you know, an isolated event.

You were mentioning the violence of some of the previous versions. Is it still the kind of game where, for example, you can shoot a police officer virtually?

Yeah. Absolutely it still is that type of game. I mean, this is a mature-rated game, which means, theoretically, that you cannot purchase this game unless you are 17 or older. So, it does have violence. It does have partial nudity in the game. And one thing that's caught some attention by the Mothers Against Drunk Driving in the game is - there is a component, or an element, where you can actually - you make a choice however, whether or not you grab a drink at a bar, and then go driving and then the screen simulates what that experience would be like. And so Mothers against Drunk Driving have stepped out on that.

But this is an adult title. There is - on the box, it says there's alcohol. There's drugs. There's partial nudity, intense violence. So you really want to be concerned if, you know, younger audiences are playing this game, you'd better make sure their maturity level can handle it.

turn 3 : Well, it sounds that you're complaining less that your feelings were hurt than the youngsters might be getting a very bad example of what it is to be an adult.  In these turns, the speakers are using figurative language or implied meanings rather than stating things directly.

turn 3 : This turn does not have an implied meaning different from its literal meaning. It is a straightforward expression of gratitude towards Laura Sydell, the NPR correspondent.

turn 3 : The actual meaning of turn (3) is different from its literal meaning. While the literal meaning suggests that there are similar scenes in Brazil and Germany as in the FIFA scandal, the implied meaning is that there are investigations and consequences in those countries related to corruption in football

turn 3 : YOUNGERS DOESN'T KNOW THE IMPACTS OF VIDEO GAMES AND IT AFFECT THEIR MATURITY LEVEL


Has the Catholic Church made enough progress in fighting abuse by its priests?That question has renewed urgency after George Pell became the highest-ranking member of the clergy to be formally charged. Cardinal Pell of Australia is a close adviser to the pope. He's been charged with sexual assault. He says he's innocent. Police in Melbourne aren't releasing the details of his accusers.

Joining us to talk about the case from Dublin and the broader questions it raises is Marie Collins. She was until recently on a papal commission dealing with the sexual abuse of children by clergy. Thanks for being with us.

Glad to be here.

So please remind us of your story. How did this come to be an issue in your life?

turn 3 : The turn that has a figurative meaning is turn (4), where the speaker uses the phrase "remind us of your story" to mean "tell us about your experience with this issue". The literal meaning of "remind us of your story" would be asking the person to recall a previous narrative they had shared.

turn 3 :  "I don't know that story" - This turn has a literal meaning, which is that the person speaking is not familiar with the story being referred to.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be hinting at a desire or need for help or support from the listener.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is expressing disapproval or criticism towards the listener or a third party, but doing so indirectly or politely.

turn 3 : "putting our foot down" - This phrase means that they are taking a strong stance against something. Its actual meaning is figurative, not literal.


Michael Ben-Ari is his name. He has had links to the outlawed Kahane movement, which calls for expelling Palestinians. And the Supreme Court disqualified him from running in elections because of his racist statements against Arabs. His far-right party is called the Jewish Strength or the Jewish Power party, and it is still running in elections.

Oh. So this one candidate is gone, but that party is still there. Now, how does that affect Benjamin Netanyahu who you wouldn't describe necessarily as far-right but he is absolutely on the right side of the spectrum?

This actually could help Netanyahu in the polls. He has been seen as legitimizing this far-right party. He recently brokered a deal to merge the party with others on the right wing to consolidate votes and to help him win elections. His base is very fired up about the fact that this far-right candidate has been disqualified but that an Arab party is being allowed to run.

Oh, well let's talk about that very briefly, if we can, because we've heard some headlines to that effect - people on the right saying if you elect this center-left coalition, it's going to bring Arabs to power. In what way, if at all, is that true?

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is subtly trying to convey a sense of urgency or importance in the matter being discussed, without explicitly stating it.

turn 3 : It's a well-known fact that the government doesn't report accurate numbers.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is hinting at a deeper or hidden motive or intention behind their actions or words.

turn 3 : A government shutdown affects the government and its citizens negatively.

turn 3 : They need the countries to realize this is the way things should be done in other countries.


Oh, yes. You know, capitalism evolved into the Wild, Wild West form of capitalism in which regulation was relatively lax, I mean, which leverage in borrowing produced the combined phenomena where, you know, everyone assumed that prices of everything would always go up and never go down. Witness the phenomena with housing prices.

Now, all of that's changed. We've understood that there's a need for regulation, for control in terms of lending, and for an assumption of reduced expectations in terms of return. And so, yeah, capitalism as defined over the past 10 or 20 years, in which prices only went down for a year or two, and then they snapped back up and reached for accelerated and new highs, those days are disappearing quickly.

Bill Gross is Managing Director of Pacific Investment Management Company, which has more than $720 billion of investments. Bill, thank you.

Thank you very much, Alex.

turn 0 : The policies would make drastic changes for the better to the economy.

turn 0 : "In Islam, you can't remove a picture which has a cross in it." - This turn has a figurative meaning because Islam does not allow the use of religious symbols like crosses, so it is unlikely that this would be a literal rule.

turn 0 : The implied meaning behind this turn is that Christians and Jews can find commonality in their respective holiday celebrations, thus creating a sense of connection.

turn 0 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer

turn 0 : Capitalism has changed and now requires more regulation and reduced expectations in terms of return. Prices are not assumed to always go up anymore.


Thank you very much, Alex.

turn 1 : The days of capitalism defined by constantly increasing prices and reaching new highs are disappearing quickly.

turn 1 : An economic crisis can lead to better competitiveness.

turn 1 : "So Pakistani and Indian food with deep Texas roots." - This turn is literal in meaning because it accurately describes the cultural influences on the food.

turn 1 : The turn whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning is turn (3).  In turn (3), the speaker says "food just doesn't seem to taste right on an airplane." The literal meaning of this statement is that the food does not taste good when eaten on an airplane.

turn 1 : (3) In turn (3), the speaker is talking about molecular cuisine, which is a type of cooking that uses scientific techniques to create new and unusual dishes. The implied meaning is that while molecular cuisine can be interesting and exciting to try, it may not be satisfying or enjoyable in the long run. The speaker prefers traditional cooking methods that are familiar and comforting


Right. And I think you do see that. And it's interesting you bring up health care. The Koch network has spent hundreds of millions of dollars over the years running issue ads and other advertising themed around health care, pointing to that as a critical issue for them. And I think you're starting to see them move away from that, move towards touting the tax overhaul that Republicans passed last year as a big achievement. I do think that if the tax overhaul hadn't passed, Republicans would have a lot more problems raising money that cycle. I think that you're going to see some checkbooks more open because they were able to pass that.

Let's turn to the Democrats - you know, oddly less well-known' in terms of just these big names. But we do know Tom Steyer. He is the billionaire hedge fund manager who has become so familiar with his ads calling for the impeachment of President Trump. Where will his money be going?

Mr.  Steyer has said that he's going to spend 30 million to help Democrats. He is really supporting the idea of impeaching the president. And so taking the House would allow that to move forward. I think that you're going to see a lot of that money flow into House races, some into Senate and gubernatorial races, which are also important this cycle.

But we do have this split in the Democratic Party, as well, between sort of the more liberal wing, the more activist wing and the other part of the party which is, you know, more traditional. So how will that play out?

turn 0 : The Koch network uses health care as a ploy to gain Republican support.

turn 0 : The Affordable Care Act is being challenged by Republicans.

turn 0 : Although stocks may continue to decrease in value, it is currently a great time to invest in the stock market

turn 0 : People are more afraid of losing than they are of gaining in the stock market.

turn 0 : The economic situation will get worse, and it's uncertain how bad it will be.


WHYY.

Excellent. And tell us a little bit about your situation. You wrote that you are a member of the sandwich generation. What does that mean?

Well, it means that I'm taking care of children, and I'm also taking care of an elderly mother.

So, you've got a lot of expenses. How are you coping with those expenses right now?

turn 2 : (3) Implies that the speaker used to have a difficult time during the holidays, as they had to worry about bills and expenses that come with the season.

turn 2 : The speaker is facing financial difficulties due to caregiving responsibilities.

turn 2 :  "And the thing is - and this is so beautiful - is that when you get to watch lives change...And that occupied my entire day."  The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker has overcome addiction and now enjoys helping others in a similar position, which is incredibly fulfilling. They used to be preoccupied with obtaining drugs, but now their focus has shifted to improving the lives of others.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using a metaphor or analogy to convey a deeper meaning or idea, often related to emotions or personal experiences.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using a metaphor or analogy to explain or describe something, often to make a complex idea easier to understand or to create a vivid image in the listener's mind.


WHYY.

turn 3 : Asking how the speaker is managing their expenses.

turn 3 : (3) Implies that the speaker used to have a difficult time during the holidays, as they had to worry about bills and expenses that come with the season.

turn 3 : In both of these turns, the implied meaning goes beyond the literal words used. The speaker is not simply asking about the reasons behind the human need to look at themselves or stating that it is innate and related to genetics. The implied meaning suggests a deeper exploration of human psychology and the significance of self-reflection as a part of our daily

turn 3 : In these turns, the speakers are discussing the implications and deeper meanings behind the actions and ideologies of the person they are talking about. They are not merely discussing the literal surface-level interpretations, but rather the underlying motives, strategies, and persuasive effects of those actions and ideologies.

turn 3 :  (4), the speaker is commenting on something that is described as "very pretty." The literal meaning of the turn is that the speaker finds the thing being referred to visually attractive. However, the implied meaning of the turn is unclear and could depend on the context of the conversation. The turn could be a sincere expression of admiration, or it could be a polite or perfunctory comment that does not reflect the speaker's true feelings. Alternatively, the turn could be sarcastic or ironic, indicating that the speaker does not actually find the thing being referred to as attractive as it may seem.


Now I'm more self-assured, and - but the thing now, which is funny, is that my kids sort of act the way parents, I think, act for most people, you know, when they're teenagers, that I sneak around dating under the noses of my kids. So when they're asleep in the other room, I can have a date and close the door and, you know, not have them know about it.

Have you ever been busted?

No. That's what I have locks on the doors. I'm very good about that.

One time when we were - you know, when I was engaged after the divorce, and I remember one night, the next morning my son said something like, you know, were you hurt last night?Something about the noises he heard the night before, and that was horrifying.

turn 0 : to approach someone with something in this context means you are showing them something

turn 0 : (3) A: Well, you know, I think, just like copper and grain, I mean, I think there are shortages that arise every once in a while in important human commodities. And this is kind of a replay, to me, of when I became a clown.  The literal meaning of this turn is that the speaker is drawing a comparison between shortages in important commodities, like copper and grain, and a shortage in "human commodities," which the speaker then explains is a reference to the shortage of great master clowns in the late 1960s. However, the implied meaning could be that the speaker is making a commentary on the current state of the world, suggesting that there are shortages in important areas beyond just physical commodities, such as in human connection, joy, or creativity. The speaker may be using the example of the clown shortage to illustrate this broader point, and to suggest that this shortage represents a larger trend of a loss of something valuable in society.

turn 0 : The speaker in (2) is implying that they are looking for something rare and valuable, such as precious metals or other valuable resources, rather than simply asking what type of metal they are looking for.

turn 0 : "I sneak around dating under the noses of my kids." - The literal meaning is that the person is secretly dating someone while their kids are around. However, the actual meaning is that the person is dating when their kids are asleep and unaware of it.

turn 0 : "But this year, we are re-evaluating not just how we spend our money, but also the lessons we pass on to a new generation."  This turn has a figurative meaning. The speaker is not literally saying that they are evaluating the lessons they pass on to a new generation in the same way that they are evaluating how they spend their money. Instead, they are using the idea of evaluating their spending habits as a metaphor for rethinking their approach to passing on values to their children.


Have you ever been busted?

turn 3 : The literal meaning is that the listener doubts that they would tire of hearing from the speaker. The actual meaning is that the listener is being polite and respectful towards the speaker.

turn 3 : as it is the only turn with an implied meaning different from its literal meaning.

turn 3 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer

turn 3 : "Something about the noises he heard the night before, and that was horrifying." - The literal meaning is that the son heard noises the night before, which were scary or upsetting. However, the actual meaning is that the son may have overheard the person having sexual activity, which was embarrassing and uncomfortable for the person to hear.

turn 3 : All the turns in this conversation appear to have their literal meanings, and there are no metaphors, figurative language or idioms used.


As a parent, or as a wife, or both?

Well, I mean, how can I answer that?I spend a lot of time at home, especially now that I have kids, so, I'm mostly confronting these situations that involve white people making assumptions about me and my children. But, you know, when we go into Boston, both with my kids and with my husband when he was, you know, my boyfriend, or my fiance, or whatever, and we were living in the city, yes, I think, you know, we certainly got our fair share of double takes and then some. And not very subtle, either, by blacks which I also find just as disconcerting, if not more so.

You mention towards the end of your article that you are hopeful, but not necessarily convinced, that everything is moving in the right direction racially. Why do you think that?

Well, I really just don't know. You know, I am very hopeful because I think that, you know, my biggest fear as a parent is that my kids will somehow feel squeezed between these two identities, and feel forced to choose one. And there are many stories of, you know, friends and acquaintances of mine who are biracial who go through these stages of, you know, rejecting their black parent or feeling embarrassed by their black parent. And then reading "Malcolm X" freshman year in college and then rejecting their white parent. I mean, it's a very common thing, or it's not uncommon, at least.

turn 1 : Some people expect the speaker to provide insights into black culture and use him as an example to improve their understanding of it.

turn 1 : Growing up in an impoverished neighborhood hindered A's path to become a medical doctor.

turn 1 : The professor's enthusiasm for medicine and knowledge about the human body made A interested in pursuing a career in medicine.

turn 1 : The speaker faces racial discrimination and stereotypes from both white and black people.

turn 1 : Failing chemistry is a hindrance to becoming a doctor


As a parent, or as a wife, or both?

turn 3 : The speaker is concerned about their biracial children feeling pressure to choose between their racial identities.

turn 3 : The speaker is worried that their work may contribute to the stereotype that black people are oversexualized.

turn 3 : The notion of gender and race plays a significant role in the medical field.

turn 3 : The professor's enthusiasm for medicine and knowledge about the human body made A interested in pursuing a career in medicine.

turn 3 : Growing up in an impoverished neighborhood hindered A's path to become a medical doctor.


And how do you?

So what we found works the best is you need champions within that community. You need strong, influential voices that are going to say we need to accept these girls and women back, and the children. These are victims, it was not their fault. They're part and parcel of our society. So what we do is we identify not just the traditional religious and community leaders, but also those who have an influential voice amongst the women in particular in the community, so that they can become those carriers of the messages that these girls, these women, they deserve our support. They deserve our acceptance back. And then we can open up community dialogues so that people - we can't just dismiss that communities have fear. We must address it head on and allow communities to express those fears, but with religious and traditional leaders providing that voice of reason and tolerance so that these girls and women can come back into their communities.

Rachel Harvey of UNICEF in Nigeria. Thanks for joining us.

Thank you very much.

turn 1 : There are no turns in this conversation whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings. All of the turns are being used in a straightforward and literal manner.

turn 1 : e turn in (3) implies that the speaker does not have a strong allegiance to any particular political party and is more concerned with the issues that affect them personally.

turn 1 : The speaker believes that blaming only the president for the current political climate would not be fair since both parties have contributed to it (score: 4)

turn 1 :  In statement 2, the speaker is implying that Trump should make a statement that can help heal the divide between him and the Republicans.

turn 1 : There are no turns in this conversation.whose actual meaniniNG are different from their literal meanings .All of the turns are being used in a straightforward and litreal meanings


And how do you?

Thank you very much.

turn 3 :  The implied meaning of this turn is that the guest is expressing gratitude for being invited to the show

turn 3 : A government shutdown affects the government and its citizens negatively.

turn 3 : seem to be no longer - are not contained in the House version?And the House leaders say nope, we're not going to have them," respectively.

turn 3 : "Run out the clock" is not literal. There is no actual clock here, as in sports. Instead, it refers to delaying tactics where the "clock" would be the remainder of his time in office.

turn 3 : (4) implies that Rachel Harvey is grateful for the opportunity to be a part of the conversation and she appreciates the invitation.


And how do you?

Thank you very much.

turn 3 : (4) - This turn implies that the speaker is urging the other speaker to stay and lend their voice to the debate, as their opinion is important and relevant.

turn 3 : The oversight of the bailout money may not be as strong as it is intended to be.

turn 3 : The speaker is expressing appreciation for the opportunity of being able to discuss the issue.

turn 3 : The bailout could have potential negative consequences for the average taxpayer

turn 3 : Companies are misusing bailout money and need to be held accountable and punished for doing so.


You know, he doesn't.

Well, he's not a reporter then - he or she or it. Yes.

He's actually very friendly.

Very friendly, really, and thanks the editor for improving his or her work?

He does. He even asks for changes.

turn 1 : (2) B's response to A's statement that "he doesn't" implies that the subject being discussed is not a reporter, but it also implies skepticism or doubt about the subject's credibility or qualifications.

turn 1 : B believes that the topic being discussed is not important.

turn 1 : The atmosphere is how people are feeling toward one another and treating one another.

turn 1 : The members that follow the rules and never go on strike have better status.

turn 1 : Efforts are made to provide a sense of community and celebration among the workers


Yeah. Why?

Dan is an institutionalist. He's actually not even a conservative. If you go look at his voting record, he's one of the more moderate members of our conference. But what he's been pushing is a more open and fair system, where more amendments are allowed, more debate is allowed and the Congress is allowed to work as a legislative body. It hasn't been done like that now for the last 10 years, and it certainly hasn't been like that since Mr.  Boehner was chairman (unintelligible). . .

Well, when you say Congress is allowed to work as a legislative body, you understand the frustration that I think very openly Speaker Boehner and some others experience that everybody was talking, but not a lot of business was getting done, that that was the result of all this give and take. And they think at some point, if you're going to be in government, you've got to govern.

Well, there wasn't any give and take. That was the problem. It was regular practice for us - and this doesn't get widely reported - but on a debt ceiling debate, for example, we would do nothing; we do nothing; we do nothing. And then three days before the debt ceiling limit was reached, Mr.  Boehner would walk into a room and say OK, here's what we're doing.

turn 2 : The speaker's experience as a consumer helped in building their business.

turn 2 : The speaker is worried that their work may contribute to the stereotype that black people are oversexualized.

turn 2 : This statement from the passage implies the emotional impact of racism on the person of color and the discomfort and guilt experienced by the white person.

turn 2 : Speaker Boehner and others are implicating that even though there was a lot of talking, the lack of actual business getting done was a result of the give and take (debates).

turn 2 : The speaker is asking if the listener believes in racial justice and if it is possible to achieve it. The speaker suggests that African-Americans have debated this issue for a long time, indicating that it is a complex issue.


Dale Berra has written a book about his father and family - father most Americans know by just one name, Yogi - Lawrence "Yogi" Berra, the Hall of Fame catcher of the Mantle, Maris and Whitey Ford New York Yankees in the 1950s and '60s. Yogi was the American League's Most Valuable Player three times that became almost as beloved as an almost cuddly catcher who babbled with bewildering but good-natured malapropisms like, it's deja vu all over again. He went on to manage the Yankees, then the Mets. Dale Berra was himself a major leaguer with the Yankees, the Pittsburgh Pirates and the Houston Astros, but he brought down his own career with drugs. His new book, "My Dad Yogi: A Memoir Of Family And Baseball" - Dale Berra joins us from New York. Thank you so much for being with us.

Thank you, Scott. Thanks for having me.

Your father famously said, I never said most of the things I said. The Yogi-isms - how did he talk at home?

To tell you the truth, Dad, as we like to say, is the most quoted man who never said anything. Dad was just Dad at home.

turn 0 : They see a person's personality and the deepest part of their character.

turn 0 : The war on drugs has resulted in the implementation of harsh sentencing practices.

turn 0 : Adjusting to life outside of prison has been a challenge, but he has successfully adapted.

turn 0 : ‘almost cuddly catcher’ means that he has a goodnatured personality and appears like a caring and non-scary person, likable to audiences

turn 0 : The process of restoring voting rights is too complicated and difficult for ex-felons to understand or complete.


Thank you, Scott. Thanks for having me.

turn 3 : This statement implies that A's father is probably using his old age to hustle rather than to enjoy which he is not satisfied with.

turn 3 : The melting of Arctic ice has local and global effects.

turn 3 : ‘Dad was just Dad at home’ refers to the children not seeing their father’s fame as affecting their relationship in any way - a separation of job and home life.

turn 3 : The Arctic ice is melting faster than ever before due to global warming, which causes a thinning of the ice.

turn 3 : There has been a long-term warming trend resulting in the Arctic ice melt.


Oh, it's kind of odd. Really, it's quiet. The streets are quiet. There's this wariness, though, that, you know, death could burst from the sky at any second. Obviously, this is something that Israelis are experiencing as well with rocket fire there. But here, there are no warning sirens. There's not an Iron Dome to intercept anything. The military strength of Israel is tremendously more powerful than the military strength of Hamas or Islamic Jihad or other groups here. In some cases, Israel does warn people about strikes. For example, I spoke to a woman this morning whose neighbor is part of Hamas, that that person got a phone call this morning to get out of the house. He alerted the neighbors. This is sort of normal. She burst into tears. Her husband said, don't cry in front of the children. She took the kids to a friend's. She went to work.

And a normal life continues in the midst of all this?

Well, in some ways, it has to. If you aren't right next to a rocket attack, you might not even know it happens - or close enough by to hear it. I did speak to a man this morning whose, you know, baby came two weeks early three days ago. And he had to take the baby boy to the doctor last night at night. He had to do it even though he didn't want to be driving around at night. So, yes, people do carry on as they can.

And briefly - we don't have much time - but there have been similar flare-ups like this in recent years. Is there any sense of what's coming next in this conflict?

turn 1 : Life is going to be a challenge due to reduced circumstances.

turn 1 : The Arctic ice is melting faster than ever before due to global warming, which causes a thinning of the ice.

turn 1 : There has been a long-term warming trend resulting in the Arctic ice melt.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: Is it possible to continue with a normal life despite the conflict?

turn 1 : Melting ice on Greenland and Antarctica will increase sea levels


turn 2 : (3) The implied meaning is that there is a great sense of uncertainty and concern about what will happen next, and it's not clear whether the situation is still a political game or has escalated to military brinksmanship. The literal meaning is consistent with this implied meaning.

turn 2 : The pilot could have intentionally crashed the plane.

turn 2 : It did not come to a wire but came down to the last moment of the session.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: Do people have to keep going despite the danger in the conflict?

turn 2 : There is a dangerous situation happening that requires people to seek shelter and take precautions.


turn 3 : (3) The implied meaning is that there is a great sense of uncertainty and concern about what will happen next, and it's not clear whether the situation is still a political game or has escalated to military brinksmanship. The literal meaning is consistent with this implied meaning.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: Is there any indication of what will happen next in the conflict?

turn 3 : The situation is urgent and requires immediate action.

turn 3 : The situation worsened after trying to treat it

turn 3 : They had something on the bus that the authorities were interested in.


We understand investigators recovered one block - black box from the crash. And I gather there are two. What can that one box tell you?Do you need the second?

The one black box can tell us some good information. It's a quantum-engineering manufacturer recorder. And what we're doing now is that our recorder specialist is already working with the manufacturer to use their conversion software - it's not unusual to do this - to turn all of those zeros and ones into information we can use, such as the distance traveled, the throttle inputs, the brake system performance, as well as the speed.

So so many eyewitnesses say the train just didn't slow down when it came into the station. Has what you learned supported that view so far?

We don't have the information from the black box yet. And this is just one of the two event data recorders, as well as video footage, that we're collecting. They were forward-facing cameras on both the front and the back end of this train.

turn 2 : The actual meaning of (3) is that many people wrongly assume that suspects will remain silent when questioned, when in fact they rarely do.

turn 2 : to pull up somewhere means to drive to a particular place

turn 2 : Turn (2) has an actual meaning that is different from its literal meaning. The speaker is not discussing an attempt to physically move goalposts, but rather a rhetorical strategy of avoiding answering certain questions.

turn 2 : The implied meaning of the turn is that the speaker is asking whether the derailment could have been prevented if Amtrak had received more government funding.

turn 2 : The literal meaning of (3) is asking if the evidence gathered so far supports the eyewitness accounts of the train not slowing down. The implied meaning is asking if the evidence gathered so far indicates that the train did not slow down.


I think that some of the red lines for the Europeans relate to what Iran has threatened to do in its next phase of so-called noncompliance with this nuclear deal. And that relates to increasing the percentage threshold currently in place for enriching uranium. This is going to be a critical aspect of how Iran can expand its nuclear program. And that's where we might see the Europeans escalating this issue at the U. N.  Security Council.

But we're definitely seeing the rhetoric and the sounds from Tehran escalate as the U. S.  pressure campaign mounts on.

That's Ellie Geranmayeh of the European Council on Foreign Relations. Thank you for joining us.

Pleasure.

turn 0 : Iran announced that it will exceed limits on uranium stockpiles, which may result in the failure of the nuclear deal.

turn 0 : Iran has threatened to increase uranium enrichment, which may result in European escalation at the U.N. Security Council

turn 0 : She was not actually scared but was worried about doing a good job.

turn 0 : There was almost a competition for who had the authority of the the situation.

turn 0 : It affected the young people's emotions when they saw what happened.


The bottleneck. That's this place where this column of ice fell. It tore away lines, fixed ropes that people used to get up and down there. This is a narrow passageway. So you were almost there. And how far is that from the peak of the mountain?

Quite a ways. But, of course, climbing times vary based on people's physical fitness and mental alertness at that altitude, as there's very little oxygen.

At the point where you decided to turn around, just below the bottleneck, the place that later became such a problem, how late in the day was that, and what were the weather conditions like there?

I decided to turn around at around eight o'clock in the morning. And it was - there, it was actually almost too hot. We normally (unintelligible) down suits because the temperature is around minus 20, even on a perfect day. But we were all quite warm.

turn 0 : a lot of stuff means there is a massive amount

turn 0 : The bottleneck is a dangerous area and caused problems for climbers.

turn 0 : It made the person feel sadness and it was hard for them to see.

turn 0 : The disaster was so severe that it was impossible to save everyone, and the situation was out of control.

turn 0 : A describes his fear and relief during a shooting incident


We know that many refugees went back to the former Yugoslavia. In the 1990s, there was a mass exodus from Yugoslavia. People have gone back there. But the overall evidence is that 80% of the world's refugees leave their country for at least five years, 20% for at least 20 years. And I think we are dealing with both the crises of diplomacy and the crises of humanitarian aid, and both need to be addressed. Our belief is that America has a proud tradition on which to stand in doing both those tasks.

David Miliband is president and CEO of the International Rescue Committee.

Thank you so much for your time.

Thank you so much, Rachel.

turn 0 : The situation is more dire than what is being reported, as the resources available are not able to meet the needs of the refugees.

turn 0 : 80% of refugees leave their country for at least five years or more.

turn 0 : The current president of Guatemala acknowledges the verdict but denies genocide

turn 0 : Victims did not have any legal rights until recently.

turn 0 : The family members of the killed victims are happy to see that the offender is finally being held accountable for his actions.


Thank you so much for your time.

Thank you so much, Rachel.

turn 0 : 80% of refugees leave their country for at least five years and 20% leave for at least 20 years.

turn 0 : the turns whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings. By saying "you're not one of these people that thinks I'm young and strong and nothing will happen"

turn 0 : the turn "out of control" in (2) is an idiomatic expression that means something is unmanageable or chaotic. Its actual meaning is different from its literal meaning, which would be that the person's weight was physically out of their control.

turn 0 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using metaphors or analogies to convey a complex idea or emotion in a more relatable or understandable way.


Absolutely. This is probably one of the most consequential elections in Israel in the last 10 years, since Netanyahu has been in power.

Daniel, thanks so much.

You're welcome.

That's NPR's Daniel Estrin.

turn 0 : Implied meaning: The speaker is hinting at a deeper or hidden motive or intention behind their actions or words.

turn 0 : (4) is the same as its literal meaning, which is a brief acknowledgement of what was just said.

turn 0 : not a literal meaning but rather a rhetorical question.


Daniel, thanks so much.

You're welcome.

That's NPR's Daniel Estrin.

turn 0 : There are no turns in the given conversation that have a meaning different from their literal meanings. All the turns convey their literal meanings without any implied or figurative language.

turn 0 : It means the poems that the author has read, not the author herself.

turn 0 : None of the turns have implied meanings that are different from their literal meanings. They all convey their literal meanings without any hidden or implied messages.

turn 0 : No matter where a person works they can find inspiration to write a poem.

turn 0 : Having it to compared music as poetry and music has the heartstrings of everyone listening to the melodies of the instrument and words.


Daniel, thanks so much.

You're welcome.

That's NPR's Daniel Estrin.

turn 1 : There are no turns in the given conversation that have a meaning different from their literal meanings. All the turns convey their literal meanings without any implied or figurative language.

turn 1 : None of the turns have implied meanings that are different from their literal meanings. They all convey their literal meanings without any hidden or implied messages.

turn 1 : 4 - Implied meaning: Was it difficult to document the experiences of racism and the corresponding emotions?

turn 1 : The literal meaning of this turn is to state that the speaker is of mixed racial and/or ethnic heritage. However, the actual meaning is to downplay the significance of the speaker's racial and ethnic identity.

turn 1 : The speaker is concerned about their biracial children feeling pressure to choose between their racial identities.


Daniel, thanks so much.

You're welcome.

That's NPR's Daniel Estrin.

turn 2 : There are no turns in the given conversation that have a meaning different from their literal meanings. All the turns convey their literal meanings without any implied or figurative language.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be hinting at a deeper meaning or intention behind their words or actions, which requires further investigation or understanding to fully grasp.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker might be implying a hidden agenda or ulterior motive behind their words, actions, or decisions, without making it explicit.

turn 2 : None of the turns have implied meanings that are different from their literal meanings. They all convey their literal meanings without any hidden or implied messages.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: Although there may be variations in how people interpret it, the speaker is fairly confident that a significant number of individuals will understand that there is an underlying or implicit message conveyed through this turn. The meaning might not be immediately apparent and could require additional context, but the speaker believes that most people will recognize that there is a subtext or insinuation.


Daniel, thanks so much.

You're welcome.

That's NPR's Daniel Estrin.

turn 3 : There are no turns in the given conversation that have a meaning different from their literal meanings. All the turns convey their literal meanings without any implied or figurative language.

turn 3 : Jesse Jackson wanted to assert his power over Obama by threatening his manhood

turn 3 : White House conducts briefings in an inappropriate way.

turn 3 : None of the turns have implied meanings that are different from their literal meanings. They all convey their literal meanings without any hidden or implied messages.

turn 3 : The president may not have been as sympathetic to Puerto Rico's situation as he was to Texas and Florida.


You know, we don't do a lot of cookbooks on this show. Hugh Acheson's latest cookbook fits right in. It doesn't show much cooking. The chef is shown reading in a lawn chair, taking a hot bath, even playing the cello - at least holding the bow over one.

It's a book about what you can cook - if that's quite the word - while you do something else, even for hours. "The Chef And The Slow Cooker" is by Hugh Acheson, the acclaimed Canadian Southern chef who owns big-name restaurants in Georgia and is a judge on "Top Chef. "He joins us from WABE in Atlanta.

Chef, thanks so much for being with us.

It's great to be here, Scott.

turn 0 : The speaker is saying that money is important, but not as important as the enjoyment of cooking.

turn 0 : You know, we don't do a lot of cookbooks on this show. Implicated meaning: Cookbooks are not a common topic or focus on this show. The show doesn't prioritize or feature cookbooks frequently.

turn 0 : Jesse Jackson wanted to assert his power over Obama by threatening his manhood

turn 0 : White House conducts briefings in an inappropriate way.

turn 0 : The president's reaction is self-destructive, but predictable due to his past involvement in media spats.


Chef, thanks so much for being with us.

It's great to be here, Scott.

turn 1 : The book contains more than just recipes - it is also a way to gain insight into and appreciate the culture and history of the cuisine.

turn 1 : The president thinks that the media is out to ruin him and makes them out to be evil.

turn 1 : The president's reaction is self-destructive, but predictable due to his past involvement in media spats.

turn 1 : The president's disruptive foreign policy is popular among his base but concerning to others.

turn 1 : It's a book about what you can cook - if that's quite the word - while you do something else, even for hours. Implicated meaning: The book suggests cooking in a way that doesn't require constant attention or active involvement. It provides recipes or techniques for cooking dishes that can be prepared while engaging in other activities, even for extended periods of time.


Chef, thanks so much for being with us.

It's great to be here, Scott.

turn 2 : The turn in (3) has an implied meaning of appreciation rather than a literal meaning of thanks.

turn 2 : The actual meaning of the turn in (3) is to express gratitude and appreciation to Robert Groves for his time. The literal meaning of the turn is to thank Robert Groves for being present with them.

turn 2 : The president's reaction is self-destructive, but predictable due to his past involvement in media spats.

turn 2 : The president's disruptive foreign policy is popular among his base but concerning to others.

turn 2 : The president thinks that the media is out to ruin him and makes them out to be evil.


Chef, thanks so much for being with us.

It's great to be here, Scott.

turn 3 : because the speaker said always good to be here

turn 3 : she was raped and doctor given given the false statement about it

turn 3 : Implies that the judge believes that the shooting was done out of self-defense, even though others may say differently.

turn 3 : (3) - "It was devastating, just absolutely devastating." suggests that the event caused immense emotional distress, rather than physical destruction.

turn 3 : It's great to be here, Scott. Implicated meaning: The speaker is expressing enthusiasm and gratitude for being present in the current situation or location, likely in a broadcast or interview setting. The statement is not solely focused on the physical act of being in the specific place mentioned.


Well, her name is Vivian Schiller, as you said. She's currently at thenewyorktimes. com. She runs that website. From my standpoint, it seems like a very impressive pick.

In her career, she's not only led the New York Times, she led Discovery Times Channel on cable, which was a joint venture. It did not play out, but it was very well thought of in terms of the journalism it did, and it sort of allowed the Times to experiment with operation in this multimedia world.

And before that, she was senior vice president, actually, at CNN, where she oversaw their long-form broadcasting, particularly the documentary work. Somebody who's a business manager, clearly, and yet very much steeped in the world of journalism and in the world of new journalism.

And it is a very quickly changing world, isn't it?First of all, there is a lot less money out there now than there was a year ago, right?With advertising falling. . .

turn 1 : The shift from print to online journalism will benefit the industry

turn 1 : White House conducts briefings in an inappropriate way.

turn 1 : He made into the White House because of how fast information is shared.  If you take people back to a time when they did not happen no one will like it.

turn 1 : "Bannon describes the meeting as treasonous, as unpatriotic." - The actual meaning of this turn is figurative and implies that Bannon believes the meeting was disloyal and against the country's interests, rather than literally being an act of treason.

turn 1 : Vivian Schiller's experience in multimedia journalism makes her a great pick.


I think that - you know I think that there a lot of lower pay guys who are, you know, for contracts who are taking - because in other words, you're getting it from somewhere, and this - the money that they're getting paid now is coming from last year. You know, that's what baseball does. I think we will see, next year, we'll begin to see the push back in terms of the long-term contracts, which contracts are taking a hit. But right now, as long as television is there and fans are, you know…

Well, yeah, but are the fans going to be there?Because I'm hearing that the NFL, NBA, major league baseball fans, they're worried that - the clubs are worried because people - season ticket holders who keep thing - whole thing going they may not be re-upping the way they've been in the past.

And that's when you will see - you will see the effect of that next year. You know, right now, baseball is still going on in terms of the salaries. They're going on last year's income, which was record-setting. Now, if they've got a downturn at the turnstile, you were going to see it next year. This time next year, we could be talking about some serious, you know, shrinking, withdrawals, you know, there could be a couple of teams that aren't cutting it. And I'm talking about…

That was danger.

turn 1 : This statement implies that the Championship cannot be withdrawn because there's not tangible reason for such.

turn 1 : Season ticket holders may not be buying season tickets again this year.

turn 1 : (3) implies agreement with the previous statement and reinforces the idea that the media environment has structural issues that prevent reasonable conversations.

turn 1 : So you get a sense of how this whole thing is going. - This implies that the speaker wants the listener to understand the context and overall direction of the conversation.

turn 1 : The implied meaning of this turn is that A is implying that the way media is consumed has changed drastically, and this could lead to the failure of the American experiment.


That was danger.

turn 2 : Many people are losing their jobs and companies are going bankrupt.

turn 2 : We need to examine it as much as we can possibly can. We need to get people involved with Alzheimers to learn about  other things that can cause the disease.

turn 2 : If they began to lose money steadily then they would change their pay.

turn 2 : The content of the book is humorous and not meant to be taken seriously.

turn 2 : He had to find a way to keep the students from becoming bored and distracted.


We cannot tell each time because the publicly available data on Facebook is not - doesn't show you everything. But in many countries, like in Spain, it was actually pretty much two individuals running a coordinated network of pages to spread their message. One was a bit more publicly known. The other one was just, I think, a pensioner in some small island in Spain. And then we saw it all across. Like, it's very fringe-type, sometimes white nationalist. Again, we did not find much political affiliation - only in Germany, where even local and regional AFD politicians were involved in setting up fake and duplicate accounts and be friend with them. And that worried us, as well.

The AFD being that - the far-right party in Germany.

That's right.

Here in the U. S. , as authorities have tried to track disinformation across social media, a lot of the trail has led back to Russia. That's been very much in the headlines here. Did you find that in your investigation in Europe?

turn 0 : Disinformation networks are spreading false and hateful content rapidly

turn 0 : Obama is already working before he is officially in office.

turn 0 : The administration should be planning for the future and not just focusing on immediate reactions

turn 0 : He would be fulfilling a government role and Trump makes it look like he does all of the work.

turn 0 : Individuals in Spain coordinated network of pages to spread their message


But it was this idea of, well, that's what America is. And it was a very prescribed, very male, very white identity. And it linked up with, you know, I think a very chauvinistic idea about what we do with our military. I think this is all intertwined.

What do you mean about what we do with our military?

Well, in the sense that there is this very shoot-first-and-ask-questions later attitude about when we go out in the world. So I think when we take our values into the world throughout when this happens, throughout the 20th century, I think that there's a lot of good to be said about the intentions on a basic level. You know, we are going to go help people. But oftentimes the idea that the answer is military force, I think that that comes out of a lot of the same idea that this identity of the military as a very masculine, a very - you know, very prescribed idea.

As you follow the news as a journalist over the past many years, which events make you think of this story of the Rough Riders?Which events have resonance?

turn 2 : Rigid masculinity implies that men are not able to express themselves and it's killing them.

turn 2 : A is advocating for political activism and social justice

turn 2 : The military is associated with masculinity and force as a solution.

turn 2 : The man was highly involved in social events and had long-standing involvement with various organizations.

turn 2 : A is advocating for social and political change.


It's - conservative - that about eight to 10,000 people died. And that this, to this day, is still the greatest natural disaster to hit this country in terms of devastation, in terms of death toll. It's almost hard to fathom how incredible - the power of this storm and what it did. It literally wiped a city off the map.

And you point out that after this happened, the idea that, you know, that Galveston really had only itself to blame. I mean, this was a natural port, and it was built on a sandbar. It was in most places only about 8 feet above sea level. And to have built it there in the first place would be crazy, and they rebuilt it anyway.

It really was a feat of engineering and of sheer willpower that they constructed a seawall - a 17-foot seawall that ran about three miles. But that wasn't enough. They realized that to protect downtown, they were going to have to raise it. So they literally raised about 500 buildings anywhere from 8 to 18 inches so that it was less susceptible to flooding.

As a weatherman, do you think that you can say now that what happened to Galveston is impossible, that it won't happen again?I don't mean that the storms won't happen again. I mean, Hurricane Katrina was a hideous storm that killed a lot of people, and the property loss was terrible. But do you think that the lessons of storms like that, but especially of Galveston, mean that the loss of life and property on that scale really isn't likely to happen again?

turn 1 : "And to have built it there in the first place would be crazy, and they rebuilt it anyway." - The literal meaning of this turn is that building a city in a vulnerable location is illogical, yet they rebuilt it regardless. The actual meaning is that the city was rebuilt despite the knowledge of its vulnerability.

turn 1 : The implied meaning of the first turn is that people have become apathetic to the problems facing the city and are not taking action.

turn 1 : The speaker is expressing frustration with the limitations imposed on them by their identity.

turn 1 : Implicated meaning: The speaker is expressing a desire to create a character in their book who is strong and believable, rather than simply creating a character who is physically strong. The implied meaning is that the speaker values depth and authenticity in their character portrayal, rather than creating a one-dimensional, superficial character.

turn 1 : The speaker faces racial discrimination and stereotypes from both white and black people.


turn 3 : "But do you think that the lessons of storms like that, but especially of Galveston, mean that the loss of life and property on that scale really isn't likely to happen again?" - The literal meaning of this turn is whether the lessons from Galveston and similar storms will prevent a recurrence of such a disaster. The actual meaning is whether the efforts to mitigate the effects of such disasters can prevent such high levels of loss of life and property.

turn 3 : The implied meaning of (3) is to encourage people to learn and understand the connection between the hurricanes, tornadoes and other natural disasters, without relying on someone else to do it for them.

turn 3 : The speaker believes that America is currently not living up to its potential and wants a leader who can bring the country back to a place of pride and respect on the world stage.

turn 3 : Implies that the speaker is asking for the other person's opinion about the political implications of the current situation.

turn 3 :  This turn actually means that the speaker is more concerned with the alternative (Hillary Clinton, Barack Obama, or Bernie Sanders) than with a "Never Trump" attitude, and that it is important for the country and party to come together despite any reservations about Trump.


Well, I think everybody is kind of on pins and needles to see what's going to come out of it, see what direction Congress is going to go.

The union recently made certain concessions to help cut costs on their end, including suspending the job bank program, and that's a program where UAW workers can receive nearly full pay for up to two years if their jobs are eliminated. Why make sacrifices like that?

Well, I think the union has been a partner ion this thing. In fact, I was one to help negotiate the jobs bank originally, so I pretty well understand that program. But, if we can turn this thing around, we can keep those working that are there today, so there may not be a need for it.

Of course, any proposed changes would have to be ratified by union members. What do you think the chances are there that these changes would be approved?

turn 0 : under the collar implies very much concerned and restless about the situation

turn 0 : The implied meaning of this turn is that A is implying that the way media is consumed has changed drastically, and this could lead to the failure of the American experiment.

turn 0 : the literal meaning is that the interviewer asks if recent events and debates make a scene in a book more significant.

turn 0 : on pins and needles implies that people are very concerned and alert about what is happening

turn 0 : They suddenly started talking about new technologiesin London


So, what are we to make of Fabulous Fab and his verdict?

They finally got somebody - five years later, yeah. Unfortunately, it's quite the small fry in the grand scheme of things. The Goldman Sachs' trader who put together a deal that the SEC believed - and I think the evidence shows - was deceptive, at least to the people on the other side of the trade. And, you know, unlike everybody else at Goldman, he wrote some emails he really shouldn't have written and made himself a nice, big, fat, juicy target. And the SEC took full and complete advantage.

So, the Justice Department charges that hedge fund with insider trading and then shortly after that this happened. Are we looking at a trend?

Ah. Well, in terms of prosecuting individuals involved in the financial crisis, we are not looking at a trend. We are looking at an end-point. What the trend might be is that we have a new chairwoman at the SEC, Mary White, who's a former prosecutor, who has really beaten the drums about being tough on financial crime. And I think what we are seeing is the beginning of a new toughness by the SEC for which this victory gives them kind of, if nothing else, kind of a moral authority to say we can charge forward and there's a lot more financial crime out there that we are uncovering. And even though it's necessarily related to the financial crisis, we are going to be tougher. We're going to prosecute. We're going to bring tougher civil actions against firms and perhaps individuals. So, I think in that sense it does signal something new.

turn 2 : Having it to compared music as poetry and music has the heartstrings of everyone listening to the melodies of the instrument and words.

turn 2 : The interviewer reminds the speaker of what they've been saying, which is different from what the speaker is saying now.

turn 2 : beaten the drum means they are making a lot of comments about it

turn 2 :  (4) implies politeness and acknowledgement,  (4) implies that the conversation is continuing.

turn 2 : The speaker is asking the other person to continue the conversation.


The inspector general also alleges that lucrative government contracts were given to friends and former colleagues of the bureau. And this isn't the first criticism by the inspector general of the Minerals Management office. Last year, that office was accused of making mistakes in the royalties that calculated for the industry. It saved companies more than 10 billion dollars. So, at the very least, this latest investigation gives ammunition to the people who say that the Bush administration is too close to the oil and gas industry.

And so, this directly affects taxpayers and consumers?

Well, you know, the head of the Minerals Management Agency says, no, that the agency has been collecting the proper amount of royalties, but the report says some oil companies were allowed to revise their payments downward after their contracts were finalized. And outsiders have to wonder why would the industry be giving gifts to employees of this agency, if they didn't want something in return?

OK. Still on oil, another story. OPEC announced it will be cutting production. What does that mean?

Well, they do want to cut production to keep the price high, but you know, Saudi Arabia said today that it isn't necessarily going to stick to those quotas and produce what the cartel imposed late on Tuesday. So, the prospect that Saudi Arabia might continue to crank out high levels of crude is pushing oil prices down, even as Hurricane Ike barrels down on the Gulf of Mexico.

turn 0 : The Minerals Management office made errors in calculating royalties for the industry which saved companies over 10 billion dollars.

turn 0 : The behavior of the company should be investigated since it continued for many years.

turn 0 : A's family and fiance being in Pakistan were used as excuses to discriminate against them in the military

turn 0 : A's decision to join the U.S. military is not typical due to his background and experiences in Pakistan.

turn 0 : The background checks will be of anyone and everyone that buys a gun in the country.


turn 2 : There may be a need for more transparency in lobbying for foreign interests.

turn 2 : Reporters are in dangerous situations but being cautious

turn 2 : The speaker is suggesting that the situation might not be as serious or dangerous as it initially seemed.

turn 2 : The oil industry may be involved in bribery to get favorable treatment

turn 2 : (4) The literal meaning of turn (4) is that the reporter contacted the Department of Justice for comment, but the implied meaning is that the reporter wants to highlight the lack of response from the Department of Justice, which can suggest a lack of transparency or accountability.


turn 2 : The oil industry gave gifts to employees of the Minerals Management Agency in exchange for something.

turn 2 : "most of the oil-company people that investigators talked to said they bought meals or drinks, entertainment, for government employees" - literal meaning: the oil-company people physically purchased things for the government employees, figurative meaning: the purchases were made to gain favor or influence with the government employees.

turn 2 : The listeners might be motivated to offer help.

turn 2 : He said he doesn't demean his defense of assistance. That's something another person would do.

turn 2 : i can take care my self for sure


And why do you choose to move to this country and live in Los Angeles and try to make it here when you're, I guess, a big star back in South Africa?

Because you have to grow. It's fun, you know?And I think America was a great choice because we have such a great shared history in terms of South Africa's past and America's past. You know, we both have a history of slavery. We both have a history of black people fighting for their freedom and independence. And then you both - we both have the very sensitive change now in terms of - people have this like it's - in both countries, you see this subtle racism and, you know, they're struggling to deal with raise and people don't know how to deal with it.

I mean, I've seen out here, people don't even want to say the word black. I don't know when black became negative, but now people go, oh, you shouldn't say black. Yeah, we - you say urban, yeah. Baltimore is going to be real urban, Trevor. That's what people tell me.

And I got to Baltimore, and I was expecting, because urban means built up and new, you know. So I got there and I was, whoa, it's not as urban as people told me, you know, and like - but it's very black. I'll tell you that much. So it's interesting to see, you know?

turn 0 : stars implies the tiny luminous body in the sky and not a celebrity

turn 0 : A lot of people are out of work and jobs are getting harder to find.

turn 0 : A feels pressure to work faster as an artist in a society that values speed and efficiency.

turn 0 : It's important to take risks and learn from failure.

turn 0 : big star implies being very popular  well known  or famous and not talking about the star in the sky


She says that the album's title, "Pleasure," came out of a time when she wasn't feeling much of it.

There wasn't a particular thing. I was in a low-grade - just of confusion. Maybe it was like a what - what direction to go next - like, your compass stops working. It might have been from repetition of touring, from being - you know, having been an adult for long enough to have observed what I was doing as an adult. What - how adulthood was looking on me - you know what I mean?And so I think it was just a confluence of a bunch of different factors - you know what I mean?- that was putting me in a state of mind.

Yeah, I think for those of us that are older, we call it a midlife crisis. We have these crises of confidence (laughter). But I don't think that's what was going through you.

I know.

turn 2 : Turn (3) "Yeah, I think for those of us that are older, we call it a midlife crisis. We have these crises of confidence (laughter). But I don't think that's what was going through you" is an example of a turn whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning.  In this turn, the speaker uses the term "midlife crisis" in a humorous and light-hearted way to describe a general feeling of uncertainty or confusion that comes with getting older. The actual meaning of the turn is not that the speaker believes the interviewee was experiencing a midlife crisis, but rather that the interviewee was going through a difficult time of uncertainty and confusion.

turn 2 : Turn (3) is an example of a statement whose meaning is different from its literal meaning. The speaker is not actually asking about the ages of the women, but rather expressing surprise or concern about how young some of them were.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be conveying a hidden message or agenda that requires further exploration or analysis to fully understand.

turn 2 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer

turn 2 : (2) Implied Meaning: Is this the overall goal we are striving towards?


Thank you.

Why don't we start with a song?

Happily.

(Singing) There's a big white house on a leafy street on a summer's day in 1963. Station wagons parked in the drive with dents in the fender and wood on the side. There's kids and dogs and Instamatic cubes squinting hard in the sun. Not just yet, but one day, too, they'll be chasing what's already gone.

(Singing) You grow up tall and you grow up tough, trying to never admit not feeling good enough, until you find your passion and you find your way. Just trying to make it unscathed through every day. And it seems to happen nearly overnight. Life shows you who you've become. When there's no more mystery in the fading light, you're just chasing what's already gone. Like the line that spells the far horizon, moving with you as fast as you can run. Half your life, you pay it no attention. The rest you can't stop wondering what you should have done instead of chasing what's already gone.

turn 3 : The author included difficult experiences in the book for a reason.

turn 3 : mice play a crucial role in the scientific research conducted by the speaker.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is hinting at something indirectly and expects the listener to read between the lines.

turn 3 : Memories of the past can be bittersweet and chasing them can be a futile effort.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is hinting at an underlying issue or concern that they are not comfortable discussing directly.


Well, thereafter, we may be singing Christmas carols in the Capitol. It's brinksmanship, of course. They're just trying to get everybody focused and trying to get everybody to actually vote for the basic spending bills, get Congress to do their routine business. It's not routine, though, because Republican leaders can't get enough of their members to vote for spending bills. So they need Democratic votes to get the bills across the finish line. And those come with a price tag, including, for example, the issue of the DREAMers, the. . .

Yeah.

. . . People who were brought here by their parents when the parents came to the country illegally.

And how do they breach the differences between the House and Senate bills, when the promises some Republican Senate leaders made to get the votes of, say, Susan Collins of Maine and Jeff Flake of Arizona, seem to be no longer - are not contained in the House version?And the House leaders say nope, we're not going to have them.

turn 0 : Indicating that they are priceless means that they have high value.

turn 0 : If they began to lose money steadily then they would change their pay.

turn 0 : price tag implies there's an exchange of favors for passing bills

turn 0 : Pouring money is a metaphor, not literal. It just means the government gave a lot of money to the bank, who spent a lot on bonuses and dividends.

turn 0 : "drain a lot of their personal wealth" implies to lose a lot of their personal wealth.


Yeah.

turn 1 : the democrats did everything they could to make it look bipartisan.

turn 1 : very sexist implies being very interesting and attention demanding not in amorous or lustful way

turn 1 : And how do they breach the differences between the House and Senate bills, when the promises some Republican Senate leaders made to get the votes of, say, Susan Collins of Maine and Jeff Flake of Arizona

turn 1 : It may be a way to give attention to women trying to break into science.

turn 1 : very attractive to people in this context means that they like a policy a lot


Yeah.

turn 3 : The House is not willing to compromise, even on their own plan.

turn 3 : Finding success in the New York theater world is difficult.

turn 3 : Actors don't have to stay in character all day

turn 3 : The speaker is expressing amusement at the idea of the future being here.

turn 3 : seem to be no longer - are not contained in the House version?And the House leaders say nope, we're not going to have them," respectively.


We're in the last few weeks of the Supreme Court's current term, and justices still have loads of decisions to hand down - two dozen, to be precise. And some of those may come as soon as Monday. We'll bring in NPR's legal affairs correspondent Nina Totenberg. Nina, thanks so much for being with us.

My pleasure, as always, Scott.

Twenty-four cases in which there are no decision. I gather a dozen could be of particular interest. Which ones do you most anticipate?

Well, there are three big ones. The first is what I call the cross case. This is a giant cross on public property in Bladensburg, Md. It's a World War I war memorial. And civil libertarians have objected to it because they see the cross as a symbol of Christianity and that it ought to be on private property, maintained with private funds, not taxpayer money. We're going to see what the court does with that. My suspicion is that they're going to let the cross stand. And whatever they write probably will have a lot of impact on religious symbol cases in the future.

turn 0 : The hearing could have an impact on the Supreme Court ruling.

turn 0 : you have a crush usually means that the person likes something or someone.

turn 0 : to approach someone with something in this context means you are showing them something

turn 0 : "But well..." - This is an expression that doesn't have a literal meaning. It is an interjection that is often used to indicate hesitation, a change of subject, or a transition in conversation.

turn 0 : The supreme court has a great many decisions to make on cases.


My pleasure, as always, Scott.

turn 3 : It is being implied that it will be difficult to proceed to court.

turn 3 : There were some personal problems, and he is trying to understand the reason behind them without being too direct.

turn 3 : The court may allow the cross to remain on public property despite objections.

turn 3 : that the acquaintance between the two people had grown over the years.

turn 3 : The speaker keeps the happy memories of her past with her loved ones locked up inside her to deal with her grief.


I was just going to say, would this result, from their point of view, represented defeat?

Definitely. I mean, definitely that they are in a - they lost some seats, first of all, a couple seats. But also, I think, they are definitely concerned about the rise of Yair Lapid with this issue and Netanyahu's agreement to tackle this issue. Netanyahu had actually agreed last year to take on this issue. He - you'll might remember that he formed a larger coalition with the Kadima party, which at that time was very large, and the promise was that they were going to address the draft issue. And they spent about 70 days in this coalition supposedly working on it but it blew up because Netanyahu would not push it with the ultraorthodox. And so the coalition - that coalition fell apart or the Kadima left.

And now, it - he seems to say he's going to do it now. He talks - talked today about the draft as - or the sharing the burden is kind of the terminology here that (unintelligible) of election, share the burden. He mentioned that as one of three principles on what the new coalition will be formed.

And this is also partly in response to rulings from the Israeli courts.

turn 1 : It is being implied that the leader made it difficult for the coalition.

turn 1 : The candidate had something troubling in their past.

turn 1 : has a literal meaning of "Yes, the numbers aren't looking good for the person," but its actual meaning is "It looks like the person isn't likely to succeed."

turn 1 : a lot of stuff means there is a massive amount

turn 1 : short word in this context means to sum something up


Yes, yes.

Carla. And they record a song.

OK. Things are starting to click here clearly. What does that recording say about where Stax was going?

Stax is picking up the sound of the street and embracing it. And even though these are white people and black people making the record, there's none of the strife that's outside the door.

turn 3 : Turn (4) has an implied meaning different from its literal meaning. While the literal meaning is that Stax is capturing the sound of the street and that the racial tensions outside are not affecting the recording, the implied meaning is that Stax is bridging the racial divide and bringing people of different races together through music.

turn 3 : "racial harmony in a city with a troubled racial history" - The literal meaning of this turn is that there was peace and cooperation among people of different races in Memphis, despite the city's history of racial conflict. The implied meaning is that Stax Records, a company that brought together black and white musicians, played a role in promoting racial harmony and bridging the racial divide.

turn 3 : wind up means to suddenly be in a situation.

turn 3 : on and off means in this context that they are doing something then not doing something

turn 3 : wait a minute usually means they are taken aback by something and need to process it


You know, it was actually that friends started hearing we were doing this and said, well, have you thought about sharing them?So, about a year ago, I rounded up 10 or 12 people in town, and I said, OK, I'm going to mail you, I'm going to email you a math problem every night. Try it with your kids and tell me what happens. And within days, people were telling me that their kids were starting to bug them for the math problem every night.

Mm-hmm. Give me a sample of a math problem. Give us a math problem sample.

Sure. So, a couple of days ago, we did one on animals that have eight legs. And, you know, how do you walk when you have eight feet without tripping over yourself?So I actually watched a video of a crab walking to see how they do this. There's also a spider video out there. I couldn't bring myself to watch that. That was going to give me nightmares. But I watched the crab one, and there's a pattern.

The four feet on one side go one, three, two, four, and the ones on the other side do the same thing, alternating. So if the pattern is one, five, three, seven, two, six, four eight, and then you do one, five, three again, which leg takes the next step?

turn 0 : Kids like to learn about everything and they are always questioning what they see.

turn 0 : Nobody wants to be helped when they can help themselves.

turn 0 : The speaker is acknowledging the wealth of their country and how they have been living in luxury, but now they feel like beggars due to the sudden change in their circumstances.

turn 0 : He says to call him a guy that likes to do things the way they used to be done years ago. He cautions against thinking that bringing people together will make them suddenly realize how wrong they had been.

turn 0 : Their kids starting asking them repeatedly for math problems every night.


Did you get an answer?

We did not. I guess - I suppose an answer in sort we're saying why; we don't know when it's going to be released. And then as we dug into it further, the answer that we really got was it was a White House decision.

You're hearing this from who - from - when you're reaching out to the Pentagon, they're telling you - ask the White House?

Correct. Yes.

turn 1 : They are asking if the other person can help them to understand what they mean.

turn 1 : to look forward to something means they are excited for an event.

turn 1 : can be interpreted as a way to inquire about the current situation in the city, not just the events taking place.

turn 1 : you've got the whole thing likely means that they have everything needed to succeed.

turn 1 : They asked more questions to find out the answer and got one.


So you're comparing yourself in this book to a great revolutionary. And in this book you write: Almost 30 years ago, I tried to write a book I hoped might free my brother from a life sentence in the penitentiary. Everything written after that book - and basically didn't work - everything written after that book worked even less. Are you upset that words can't change more?

Well, I'm upset, and I also know better than to think that they really can. What words change - the power of words is to change the individual's sensibility, to change the individual conscience. And every now and again, there are words which allied or aligned with politics and good luck and external conditions in the world. There are words and phrases and slogans that really can manifest change.

What specifically - if you had to pick a phrase from him, what would it be?

It would be: Make of me a man who questions. Make of me a man who questions. And I would certainly put that on a T-shirt and wear it around.

turn 1 : All ideas are different between all human beings.

turn 1 : I see means in this context I understand

turn 1 : Words have limited power to change the world, but they can change individuals.

turn 1 :  (2) The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker is curious to know what kind of help the two people provided each other with during their lunch time.

turn 1 :  is to sing, but the implied meaning is to not take the conversation in the direction being presented.


Good morning, Scott.

You have seen the Saudi statement. What does it tell you about how the kingdom is handling the crisis?

What we see is that for the first time, officially, the Saudis say that Jamal Khashoggi is dead. The account places blame on senior advisers - none of them royals - for a policy that's gone terribly wrong. The Saudis now admit that there's a standing order to bring dissidents back to the kingdom by force, if necessary. But the account lays the blame on these senior security officials who went beyond the order. They killed this dissident journalist. They covered up the murder. Why did the Saudi leadership fail to confirm his death earlier?Bad news travels slowly to the top is how one Saudi defender put it on Twitter. These latest accounts distanced the top leadership and especially the powerful crown prince. But there are so many questions left to be answered.

One of the biggest right in front of us - where is Mr.  Khashoggi's body?

turn 2 : Jamal Khashoggi was killed by Saudi authorities after he walked into a Saudi Consulate in Istanbul.

turn 2 : The Saudi leadership is responsible for the murder of Khashoggi, but they are trying to distance themselves from it

turn 2 : All ideas are different between all human beings.

turn 2 : A: "breaking free from all of these identities and get down to that last one, which is human" - This turn is figurative language as it refers to the author's desire to move beyond societal labels and stereotypes and focus on our common humanity rather than actually breaking free from physical identities.

turn 2 : Race is a deep-seated issue in society that cannot be easily solved