turn 2 : We're also in a situation where the administration has sent very limited aid budgets to Congress. And fortunately because of the commitment that Congress continues to show, they've actually rejected those steep cuts to humanitarian aid and provided strong funding - robust funding for humanitarian assistance. But we need to see that funding really get out of the bank accounts in D.C. and get out to the ground, where it's needed.  Implicated meaning: Despite the administration sending limited aid budgets to Congress, Congress has shown commitment by rejecting steep cuts to humanitarian aid and providing strong funding. However, it is necessary for the allocated funding to be effectively utilized and reach the areas where humanitarian assistance is required.

turn 2 : In (2), President Obama's commitment of money and military personnel is a literal statement, but it implies that he is taking action to help with the Ebola crisis.

turn 2 : The speaker is implying that new information has been revealed regarding the missing brains.

turn 2 : The whiplash means that a person turns their head around quickly as the other person change's their opinions.

turn 2 :  implies that you should be mindful of the information you hear and stay informed.


Is this situation just overshadowed by other refugee and humanitarian crises in the world?

I think so. I think its a challenge that, you know, Uganda is the third largest refugee-hosting country in the world now, but I think most people dont realize that. When we think about refugees, we often think about the Syria crisis, which is the world's largest. We think about people who are crossing the Mediterranean. But we're not thinking about the now almost a million people who've crossed this land border into Uganda but have also fled from South Sudan into Kenya and Ethiopia and even into Sudan.

We're also in a situation where the administration has sent very limited aid budgets to Congress. And fortunately because the commitment that Congress continues to show, they've actually rejected those steep cuts to humanitarian aid and provided strong funding - robust funding for humanitarian assistance. But we need to see that funding really get out of the bank accounts in D. C.  and get out to the ground, where it's needed.

Has Uganda been been so welcoming?The international community has thought there's relatively little reason to get involved.

turn 3 : The Ugandan refugee settlement model provides refugees with an opportunity to live a self-sufficient life, with the ability to grow their own food and perhaps even build a livelihood.

turn 3 : The pilot could have intentionally crashed the plane.

turn 3 : Has Uganda been so welcoming? The international community has thought there's relatively little reason to get involved.  Implicated meaning: The international community perceives Uganda as being less in need of involvement or assistance, possibly due to Uganda's perceived level of hospitality or the perception that the situation doesn't require urgent attention.

turn 3 : This made the person have to stay where they were at.

turn 3 : drove out in this context means to scare someone away


Yes. I mean, the biggest actor in all of this has been the U. N. Refugee Agency. That's the UNHCR. But, you know, the reality is that these organizations can only do so much without international supports. The UNHCR has said that they need $46 million from the international community for their response to the Venezuelan crisis this year alone

Mr.  Ramsey, just a few years ago, Venezuela was booming, wasn't it?

It was. You know, Venezuela has the largest oil reserves in the world. But due to a combination of falling oil prices, governmental mismanagement, you know, the situation has gotten extremely bad. There was a study that came out a couple months ago that found that over half of Venezuelans report losing weight in the last year with an average loss of 20 pounds. People are dying of treatable diseases because of a lack of medication.

Do any of the refugees talk about the political situation?

turn 2 : The situation in Venezuela is very violent and dangerous.

turn 2 : Schrenker's distress call was fabricated and he left the plane intentionally

turn 2 : The Coast Guard will charge Mr. Schrenker for making a false distress call, and he will have to pay for the cost of the search.

turn 2 : Despite legal and PR efforts, it is difficult for experts to make sense of the situation

turn 2 : Venezuela's situation is dire due to falling oil prices and governmental mismanagement.


Well, like you were saying, these 737 Max jets - they had an automated system, and it was designed to keep the planes safe, to keep them in the air and avoid stalls, but it malfunctioned. And as many people know, that sent the planes into a nosedive, and two of them crashed, and 346 people were killed. There's, of course, been a lot of scrutiny, ongoing investigations, concerns that the Federal Aviation Administration maybe handed off too much responsibility to Boeing itself without doing proper government oversight.

This report doesn't deal with all of that, and the crash specifically. What this is is interesting. It's a small group of Boeing board members who've themselves been digging into this and looking for ways to improve safety at the company. And they're about to come out with recommendations about how this company could reshape itself in the wake of these devastating crashes.

What can you tell us about what these recommendations - what this report will say?

Well, there's a lot of stuff, but one big thing would be that - to change who the engineers who work on these airplanes actually work on them. Currently, they - many of them report to the business leader for each airplane model that this engineer or that engineer might happen to be working on.

turn 3 : The speaker is suggesting that, similar to the evolution of laws and attitudes towards domestic violence, there needs to be a similar shift in the understanding and treatment of animal abuse. This implies that the speaker believes that animal abuse should be taken seriously and treated as a potential indicator of violent behavior, and that there needs to be a comprehensive effort involving legislators, law enforcement, prosecutors, and judges to address this issue.

turn 3 : The speaker is using Scottish slang to describe animals.

turn 3 : The speaker is implying that some law enforcement professionals may be resistant to gathering and analyzing data on animal abuse because they view it as an added bureaucratic burden. This suggests that the speaker believes that some law enforcement officials may be unwilling to take the issue of animal abuse seriously or prioritize it as a potential indicator of violent behavior.


The government is treading a fine line. On one hand, it acknowledges that this is a regime that cannot survive, and that this is a matter of time, only. At the same time, because it's a neighbor and because the borders are still open and there is some trade going on, in addition to other reasons, the government is careful not to take matters, sort of, beyond a certain point. But I think that there is wide consensus in the region that understands that this regime has no chance of survival. The problem and the questions is, how many more people will be killed before it leaves the scene?

Again, Turkey - we know that the Free Syrian Army uses Turkey as a safe haven. Injured are brought back to be treated in medical facilities. The fighters return there to rest and re-equip and then come back. That's a very porous border in that situation. What about Jordan?Is Jordan allowing the Free Syrian Army effectively to operate from its territory?

No. There are no military operations being conducted out of Jordan for the Free Syrian Army. Jordan has received a number of defectors from Syria, including the ex-prime minister of Syria and several army officers who have defected to Jordan. But they have not engaged in any military activity, so far.

Why no?

turn 0 : They want to know if the seriousness of the situation makes the government appear to be bad to the public.

turn 0 : There is an idea that women must suffer through the pain of wearing high heeled shoes to be professional.

turn 0 : The government is cautious in its approach towards the regime, but it's clear that the regime is not going to survive. However, the government is worried about taking action that might destabilize the region.

turn 0 : She wore her high heels no matter what the pain she endured from them.

turn 0 : "fill his shoes" implies that the speaker wants to follow in Jack's footsteps and continue his work, but not that they literally want to wear his shoes.


Why no?

turn 1 : Jordan is open to international efforts to resolve the situation in Syria, but is not taking unilateral action

turn 1 : This is an expression of agreement, but it also implies that the speaker is willing to continue the discussion.

turn 1 : B wants A to explain what makes the agreement better

turn 1 : The Free Syrian Army is operating from Turkey which is being used as a safe haven for fighters and injured individuals. Jordan has not allowed any military operations from its territory despite receiving defectors from Syria.

turn 1 : The agreement will cause things to come to a halt with no further changes.


Why no?

turn 2 : Jordan is open to international efforts to resolve the situation in Syria, but is not taking unilateral action

turn 2 : Jordan has not allowed the Free Syrian Army to conduct military operations from its territory despite receiving defectors from Syria.

turn 2 : (2) Implied meaning: Is there any incentive for Democrats to cooperate with Republicans on health care reform now that they have been successful in preserving the original?

turn 2 : The Affordable Care Act is being challenged by Republicans.

turn 2 : Everyone is aware that the issue of high prescription drug costs needs to be addressed, but there are opposing views on how to do so.


Well, you know, we've done a bunch of these kinds of stories that run in the body issue. And we've done everything from the importance of the glute to the strange secret ritual of the team shower. And we thought, gosh, we've kind of gone there with every other story. The last thing to explore was pee breaks.

I want to talk about the Tour de France in particular. These guys are on their bikes for hours and hours and hours. But it's the Tour leader wearing a yellow jersey, I might add, who gets to signal - is this right?- when it's time for the riders to pull over for a bit of relief?

It turns out, yeah. One of the greatest honors, according to the riders, of getting the yellow jersey is that you get to control when everybody else who's racing stops for a little bit of a pee break.

Which is extraordinary.

turn 0 : The story is very different from stories people normally here

turn 0 : (2) Implied meaning: Is there any incentive for Democrats to cooperate with Republicans on health care reform now that they have been successful in preserving the original?

turn 0 : The hosts of the story series in the body issue wanted to cover all aspects of sports, including pee breaks. Implicated meaning: The hosts of the story series were willing to explore even the less glamorous aspects of sports and physical activity in their coverage.

turn 0 : The rule would allow healthcare workers to refuse certain services based on moral beliefs

turn 0 : Congressional Republicans won't pass the bill unless the President makes sure they will not be hurt politically.


Which is extraordinary.

turn 2 : Getting the yellow jersey in the Tour de France is a great honor because it allows the wearer to control when the other riders stop for a bathroom break. Implicated meaning: The yellow jersey is a symbol of leadership in the Tour de France, and controlling when bathroom breaks happen is seen as a demonstration of power and control over the other riders.

turn 2 : "yellow jersey" - this refers to the leader of the Tour de France race and is not a literal yellow-colored shirt.

turn 2 :  (4) - This turn implies that A will support McConnell if he succeeds in passing the tax plan, and that the Republicans still have a chance to win.

turn 2 : The implication is that the Republicans may have to use strong tactics to pass their agenda, even if it means having to pressure members of their own party.

turn 2 : People are uncertain about their vote in this election, and are hesitant to support either the Republican or Democratic candidate.


Before we started recording, you were telling me a story about talking to Dr.  King while he was shaving.

Oh. Well, I've been in his room. . .

Yeah.

. . . When he was shaving. I've been in Dr.  Abernathy's room. Dr.  Abernathy would put more lather on his face. And he didn't smell quite as mild as Dr.  King (laughter), you know?I can just - I didn't have no reason to think I could be remembering that - anything like that. I was just a young fella just caught up in the movement. And it was just an honor to be able to just see Dr.  King, as well as to go up to his room with somebody. It wasn't by myself during that time. . .

turn 1 : Implies that Dr. Stephen Loyd is a reliable source of information on the subject, and that they are asking him to provide insights on the issue.

turn 1 : Georgia's film industry has had a massive economic impact.

turn 1 : The tax incentives have made Georgia a popular location for filming.

turn 1 : Atlanta has contributed significantly to the music industry.

turn 1 : Implies that A had already been in Dr. King's and Dr. Abernathy's room before, while


There's tanks - a row of tanks that stretches from one end of the square to the other. It's clear that that square will have a symbolic meaning to this army for some time to come. We're now moving in front of another long line of soldiers. And as we pass, they lock their eyes on this rickshaw. And they follow us as we move by. We're still moving down the boulevard that's in front of Tiananmen Square. And it's quite remarkable how clean the square is now.

You know, the most memorable thing from that ride was a small, English sign that was hanging from a bridge. And it said, all these things must be answered for. And it was that small flicker of protest that was still there.

And for 30 years since then, the Chinese government has worked hard to erase the memory of what happened in Tiananmen Square that day. How successful has the campaign been?

Pretty successful. Ari, I have met Chinese students who came to the States to study journalism. And for the first time, they read about Tiananmen Square. And I see what happens in their heads. How could I not know about this?They've come to study journalism, and so many of them - I see that mental landscape shift. And they know that they can't be the kind of journalists that they are studying in America. They can't go back to China to do that.

turn 3 : There is censorship in China preventing access to information about Hong Kong protests

turn 3 : Chinese journalism students are restricted in reporting on Tiananmen Square

turn 3 :  The speaker is implying that Wal-Mart is not genuine in its claim that the store closure was an experiment, and that it may have been a strategic move to avoid further criticism and negative publicity.

turn 3 :  implies that people may not trust Walmart to provide the same quality of organic food as Whole Foods.

turn 3 : This statement implies that B wants to know how A's family are dealing with the downturn economy and what the also think about America's economy.


In diapers, exactly. But the London police haven't quite given the final say-so on that yet. But, you know, there will be a lot of protests. That may upset the president. It's controversial, but the government insists, and the diplomats insist, that he's a vital part of nurturing a special relationship, which they insist is very good for the U. K.

Because he's not only going, he's getting literally the royal treatment.

Yeah. I mean, this is as good as it gets if you're a head of state coming to the U. K. It is bells and whistles. It's pomp and circumstance. It's a banquet at Buckingham Palace, although that seems to be being boycotted by Meghan Markle, the Duchess of Sussex, also by Jeremy Corbyn, the leader of the - of Her Majesty's Opposition, and Vince Cable, the leader of the Liberal Democrats.

But I don't think that's going to take the gloss off it too much for Donald Trump. He's someone who has made it very clear this is what he wants, and we're expecting him to look like he's lapping it up.

turn 1 : The implied meaning is that B's special person is being given the utmost care and protection.

turn 1 : Implies that religion is an important factor in the speaker's life, not just a literal question about religion.

turn 1 : The passage is written in a dialect of English, and the words used have a literal meaning that may be different from standard English. The actual meaning of the passage is a prayer asking for God's blessings, forgiveness of sins, and protection from evil, expressed in a language that is culturally and regionally specific.

turn 1 : Royal treatment means that he is being treated very kindly.

turn 1 : The actual meaning behind (4) is not just an expression of admiration but also an invitation to explore and appreciate the wonders of the world.


turn 2 : what they meant is that it's going to impress their brains later

turn 2 : In (4), the speaker tells a story about a Swedish prime minister who believed that his country was being invaded by submarines from Russia. The prime minister put microphones in Stockholm harbor and recorded sounds that he thought were proof of the Russian invasion. However, the actual meaning of the recorded sounds was different from the literal meaning, as they were caused by something else entirely.

turn 2 : (3) When the speaker states that science is under attack, they are implying that politicians are misusing science to further their own agendas, rather than relying on scientific evidence to inform their decisions.

turn 2 : The speaker believes in the science of climate change and will not compromise on evidence-based reality, but thinks the conversation needs to be framed differently

turn 2 : Bells and whistles means that everything that is expensive and fancy is being done.


turn 3 : He felt like he was watching a contestant on a game show.

turn 3 : Kids like to learn about everything and they are always questioning what they see.

turn 3 : Lapping it up means that he is enjoying everything very much.

turn 3 : A had a difficult childhood with no celebrations, and later moved in with his father who was involved in illegal activities.

turn 3 : You do not actually enter the person's heart or mind, it means that you start to understand their perspective


Well, it's my pleasure, Scott. Thank you.

Can you recreate for us in a sense, like our town does, a summer day at that house you loved?

Basically, people woke up as early as they could, as close to dawn. Everyone was kind of on their own once the kids got older and could take care of themselves to fix something for breakfast and start the day however they wanted as long as they were busy.

There was no television, barely a radio. And it would be tuned into very infrequently, generally when the Red Sox were playing. And all you got were scratchy sounds anyway. People were left to just, I guess, invite the outdoors into their hearts and their souls.

turn 0 : "Thank you" - The literal meaning is an expression of gratitude or appreciation.

turn 0 : financially "pinched" implies the money situation is painful

turn 0 : Literal meaning: A is thanking Scott for something. Actual meaning: The actual meaning is the same as the literal meaning.

turn 0 : The situation is urgent and requires immediate action.

turn 0 : The oversight of the bailout money may not be as strong as it is intended to be.


turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using a metaphor or analogy to convey a deeper meaning or idea, often related to emotions or personal experiences.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be suggesting that there are some hidden or unknown factors that could influence the situation being discussed.

turn 1 : Literal meaning: B is asking A to describe a summer day at the house A loved. Actual meaning: The actual meaning is the same as the literal meaning.

turn 1 : The information was told to others when it was not supposed to be told.

turn 1 :  implies that you should be mindful of the information you hear and stay informed.


turn 1 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer

turn 1 : (2) - Implied meaning: Can you describe to us the atmosphere of summer days at the house you loved?

turn 1 :   (3) Please choose a confidence score ( marks how confidence you are that there is implied meaning in this turn ) :   4 : You are not sure whether everybody will agree that this turn has implied meanings but you believe that most of them will Please write a implied meaning ( More than 8 words! ) :

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker is expressing their disappointment or dissatisfaction with the outcome of a situation or decision, without directly stating it.


turn 2 : The turn in (2) is a figurative expression and its actual meaning is different from its literal meaning.

turn 2 : She hopes people find a way to read the book that she has written.

turn 2 : She creates lines of written work in stories that sound good and have a great deal of emotion. Also, the way she writes her stories has a great deal of meaning.

turn 2 : Literal meaning: A is describing how people in the house woke up early and were free to start their day as they pleased. Actual meaning: The actual meaning is the same as the literal meaning.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker is implying that her character's story line on the show mirrored her own life experience.


turn 3 : The actual meaning behind (4) is not just an expression of admiration but also an invitation to explore and appreciate the wonders of the world.

turn 3 : She writes a wide variety of stories and the lessons that she learns as a writer can be seen in her stories.

turn 3 : (4) - Implied meaning: People were encouraged to enjoy the outdoors and take in the beauty of nature

turn 3 : She is agreeing that they debated and making it humorous.

turn 3 : She wrote very close to what happened in her own life.


Yeah. And I had kind of come across this - oh, put that to one side - and once I did look into it, I couldn't put it down because it is dynamite. And it's based primarily - the starting point, the kicking off point is there was a secret cabal of British imperialists and colonialists that wanted to recreate the British Empire. And in 1891, they sat down in a caucus in order to make this happen, they would have to deal with the one emerging power, and that, of course, was Germany. Germany was at that time a rising power, industrialization and evermore world importance. And so the premise of the book is that there was a contrivance from 1891 right through 1914. And it is very, very meticulously documented as to how this was achieved.

Let me ask you about the fiction you've been reading now, including one - a series in which a taxi driver. . .

Oh. . .

. . . Not to my surprise whatsoever, is the hero.

turn 0 : The person was surprised greatly by the information and it affected many of their thoughts and emotions. They were not struck but what they saw made them notice it and think about it more.

turn 0 : B confirms that the president is a recent one and hints at Bill Clinton being the right answer.

turn 0 : The fact that people want to take selfies with terrorists is surprising and absurd.

turn 0 : This implies that B want to probably have a picture with A.

turn 0 : It is dynamite implies that the information is very surprising and important


Yeah - no - no, Martians here.

OK.  You've - is it fair - you've gone into Michael Cohen's background extensively. Is it fair to call him a fixer?

You know, I think that he handled a lot of matters for Donald Trump before he was - before he became the president that were difficult and sensitive issues. Michael's role at the Trump Organization was not really that of a lawyer. One Trump Organization - senior Trump Organization official pointed out that when the legal department at the company had a meeting, Michael was not included. He was not part of the legal department. He didn't really practice law there.

In fact, when the government was arguing with Mr.  Cohen's lawyers over issues of whether or not material seized by the government in a search warrant were privileged, the government indicated that an examination of his emails - they previously had a search warrant for his emails that had been secret until it was revealed in the course of that litigation. But that an examination of his emails indicated both that he conducted little to no legal work for President Trump or for The Trump Organization. And it also pointed out that he never emailed with Mr.  Trump. But I think Mr.  Trump is not a big - not a big emailer.

turn 2 : Michael Cohen has been associated with people who have gotten into legal trouble

turn 2 : Michael Cohen's role at the Trump Organization was not that of a lawyer.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker is hinting at a deeper or hidden motive or intention behind their actions or words.

turn 2 : (4) The literal meaning of turn (4) is that the reporter contacted the Department of Justice for comment, but the implied meaning is that the reporter wants to highlight the lack of response from the Department of Justice, which can suggest a lack of transparency or accountability.

turn 2 : The implied meaning of turn (4) is that the speaker is acknowledging what was said but may not have a specific response or further comment. It implies a lack of elaboration or engagement in the conversation.


That's correct. Yes, well, the last thing we've heard it was just outside of Port Fourchon, which is at the lower end of LaFourche Parish. So the winds have been picking up a bit and that's what we're getting ready for here. So far, however, we are putting stuff up on the web and we haven't stopped all night.

I hear people on the radio behind you, you must be at a sort of emergency control headquarters or something?

No, no, not us; we're just communicating with our reporters. We have reporters out in different parts of the parish, and we're trying to keep in touch with them as we can, and get what information they're getting as travel with the authorities.

What are you going to do when your internet connection goes down?

turn 1 : The speaker is taking measures to protect their home from potential storms in the future

turn 1 : The speaker assumes that the background noise suggests an emergency control headquarters

turn 1 : "before the storm" implies before the SHTF - Or, before things went awry.

turn 1 : at the end of the day means something is likely going to happen or what happens after everything else.

turn 1 : on and off means in this context that they are doing something then not doing something


turn 3 :  implies that the interlocutor agrees with the previous statement and is encouraging the speaker to continue talking.

turn 3 : In turn 2, the speaker is implying that even though Mr. Putin's arguments may sound familiar to those of Hitler in 1938, the analogy between the two is still an exaggeration.

turn 3 : The turn whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning is turn (3).  In turn (3), the speaker says "food just doesn't seem to taste right on an airplane." The literal meaning of this statement is that the food does not taste good when eaten on an airplane.

turn 3 : The speaker asks how they will communicate when the internet connection fails, implying that it will fail at some point.

turn 3 : The actual meaning of turn (2) is to understand the current state of affairs in Egypt and the implications of the decision, rather than the literal meaning of asking what the environment is like in the moment.


Eastern Congo may be the most dangerous place on Earth, and it's getting worse. A rebel army is moving on the biggest city, Goma. Hundreds of thousands of people are running for their lives. This is the region of infamous ethnic killing between the many people who call themselves Hutus and the far fewer Tutsi.

Hez Holland is a correspondent with Reuters. He's been reporting from Goma. He joins us now. Hez, welcome. And remind us, this is also a region of enormous wealth - timber and minerals. People have been fighting over it for a long time.

At least. It's historically been a curse, what with the mineral wealth and, as you said, the timber, has been something that has been fought over for - since the Belgians. It's always been a place where minerals have been extracted and exploited, and the people have always been just pawns in the great game of any kind of colonial power, really.

Well, now, there's this rebel group led by a man named General Nkunda. He is a former Congolese general. And it is moving on the city of Goma. What are you seeing there now?

turn 0 : It implies that the massive border between Uganda and Eastern Congo has made it difficult to monitor the spread of the virus.

turn 0 : Eastern Congo is a dangerous place due to rebel armies and ethnic killings

turn 0 : A is reflecting on the nature of relationships between people close to each other.

turn 0 : Please expand upon your thoughts and discuss what your experience has been to-date with engagement with your loved one.

turn 0 : "concrete out of these meetings" is a figurative expression that means specific, tangible results or agreements that are expected to emerge from the meetings.


turn 0 : There is a dangerous situation happening that requires people to seek shelter and take precautions.

turn 0 : The criticism is by some that are offended by the langauge.

turn 0 : The speaker disagrees with the other person's argument.

turn 0 : The word "most dangerous place on Earth" implies an exaggeration to emphasize the severity of the situation.

turn 0 : The person is thinking of a particular person but they are not going to say who.


turn 2 : The international community should put pressure on Zimbabwe for a change.

turn 2 : They don't have road intersections but their meanings do connect with one another.

turn 2 : There will be significant concerns in the region moving forward.

turn 2 : Mineral wealth in Congo has caused exploitation and conflict

turn 2 : "possible paths" - This is a literal expression referring to different options or courses of action that could be taken.


turn 2 : The economic change has been very destructive to everyone and everything.

turn 2 : The actual meanings of these turns are: (2) Martin Luther King was killed by a white assassin; (3) America doesn't understand or appreciate the contributions of black leaders during Reconstruction; (4) America's history of racism and white supremacy has been ignored or minimized for many decades.

turn 2 : The literal meaning of this sentence is that Jesse Jackson and Al Sharpton forced people to confront an issue. The actual meaning, however, is that these two individuals were vocal and prominent in their advocacy for civil rights and specifically addressing issues of police brutality and violence against black people.

turn 2 : The statement implies how resourceful and economically important Goma is, unfortunately it never served it purpose.


Well, we - it seemed that this is something that happened fairly recently. Dan Coats had been at odds with the president, seemed like he might be on the way out. So that part of it wasn't such a surprise. And there were reports that Ratcliffe did meet with the president a couple of weeks ago, so he had sort of caught the president's attention. And then Ratcliffe was a very sharp critic of Robert Mueller, suggesting that Mueller had overstepped his bounds in the sort of televised hearing when Mueller went up to Capitol Hill.

So some are saying that almost was sort of an audition for this job because, in just a few days later, the president tweeted that Dan Coats was out and Ratcliffe was in. And then today the president has tweeted again saying, John Ratcliffe is being treated very unfairly by the lame-stream (ph) media. And rather than go through months of slander and libel, he's decided to stay in Congress.

What does this mean for the intelligence community?

Well, we'll find out. Dan Coats is still scheduled to leave the job on August 15. Now, by statute, the deputy, Sue Gordon, who's very highly respected - spent well over 30 years in the intelligence community; widely known, widely respected - she's supposed to take over on an interim basis, but it hasn't happened yet. And just within the past hour, Trump said that he might choose her on an interim basis but didn't commit to it.

turn 0 : to be at odds means that you disagree with someone and argue about it

turn 0 : The speaker is reflecting on the fact that Lincoln's willingness to work with his rivals was seen as a weakness by some in Washington at the time, but in hindsight, it was a display of personal strength and leadership

turn 0 : implies that the speaker wants to know about the role that the families played in helping Edward Snowden, not just how he ended up staying with them

turn 0 : is that the people of Moscow are not paying attention to the report, but rather are more concerned with the inauguration of Donald Trump.


Possibly more powerful or an offshoot of these, yes. Yeah, there's no doubt. This has been - Flame has, looks like, created probably around maybe 2007, 2008. So you know, we're talking five years ago, and Stuxnet was created a little bit after that. And then you've got Duqu that came out a year after Stuxnet. So these are just three of them, and yeah, there's no doubt that there are others.

And once again you say that for people who are concerned, if you update your Windows, Microsoft has a patch out now too, doesn't it, it should remove it from your PC?

Well, Microsoft's patch is different. Microsoft patches the vulnerabilities that the Flame used to spread on a machine or to get on a machine. But if you have antivirus updates, that's the thing that will prevent you from getting infected as well.

And is there any possibility that this was done by a bunch of hobbyists or people who wanted, you know, to just show that they wanted to get into systems?

turn 2 : Turn B: The actual meaning of "handiwork of a nation-state" is that Flame was likely created by a government agency, rather than an individual or group. The term "handiwork" is used figuratively to suggest that the creation of the malware was a deliberate and skillful act.

turn 2 :  A's turn has a different actual meaning from its literal meaning. When A says "Microsoft patches the vulnerabilities that the Flame used to spread on a machine or to get on a machine," they mean that Microsoft released a patch to fix the vulnerabilities that the Flame malware exploited to infect computers. The literal meaning might suggest that Microsoft somehow "patches" the Flame malware itself, which is not what is happening.

turn 2 : The prison industry has become too expensive for some states to handle and rehabilitation is a possible solution

turn 2 : The topic of discussion is about the cost of prisons.

turn 2 : The profiteering of sheriffs from prisoners' budget is a legal but shocking reality in Alabama


And so that - what you're doing now is you're experiencing the retro-nasal olfaction, which is the way that we smell through our mouth as the vapors from the food, the volatile aromas, go back up our sinus cavity and reach our nose through our mouth. That's called retro-nasal olfaction or what I refer to as mouth-smelling.

It's true. You know, we've all done this when we were kids in school, but unless you really do it as an adult and think about it and watch it, it's a whole different reaction. You really do notice the difference. It's - I also, I've also noticed that your sight, you know, what you expect food - years ago, I used to do this show called "Newton's Apple" on PBS, and one of the things that they - they handed me once an ice cream cone with vanilla ice cream in it.

And they said have a taste. And I tasted it, and I could not figure out what was on the cone. And it turned out it was a scoop of mashed potatoes.

Oh, wow. That's a good one.

turn 2 : The turn whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning is turn (3).  In turn (3), the speaker says "food just doesn't seem to taste right on an airplane." The literal meaning of this statement is that the food does not taste good when eaten on an airplane.

turn 2 : The government could acquire loans and make changes more easily.

turn 2 : In (3), B tasted an ice cream cone with vanilla ice cream and thought it was mashed potatoes. The actual meaning here is that the appearance and texture of the ice cream fooled B's sense of taste, which expected mashed potatoes rather than sweet, creamy ice cream. The literal meaning would be that B tasted mashed potatoes in an ice cream cone, which is not the case.


That's even better than the Dwight Clark catch in the - with San Francisco 49ers.

Yeah. Yeah. Oh, yeah. Absolutely. I mean, you know, last year you had, you know, (unintelligible) catching, you had the miracle catch you know by a throw. . .

By David Tyree. But that was kind of a weird that was - the helmet catch, you're talking about.

The helmet catch (laughing). But this was just - I mean, it was perfect, Tony. It was perfect form, the toes and - had it been a millisecond higher, he wouldn't have been able to get anything down. I just think that from Roswell Berger's(ph) throw and hosing the ball, the extra tenth of a second, it - right now that's the most perfect ending play in Super Bowl history.

turn 0 : most perfect catch in superbowl history was implied

turn 0 : The drug epidemic is pervasive and affects everyone regardless of background or social status.

turn 0 : The catch was great, but this moment was even better.

turn 0 : Proposes a different approach to dealing with non-violent drug crimes.

turn 0 : The federal government has investigated alternatives to lethal force and improving police-community relations for decades, but these techniques have not gained enough traction.


turn 1 : most perfect catch in superbowl history was implied

turn 1 : implies that Walmart may be able to produce organic food more cheaply than other producers and expand the market for organic food.

turn 1 : The ball that was thrown was caught and it could only have been a miracle due to how and when in the game it was thrown.

turn 1 : The restaurant is experiencing a decline in business due to the current economic situation

turn 1 : There is a shift in consumer behavior towards cheaper options, benefiting certain businesses.


And I don't know if they ever made the spreadsheet. But the two of them really decided early on that they were committed to this. He also happened to be Swedish, which she said helped. But, you know, really kind of staying on top of it seemed to be the most important thing for couples.

And so what do you think the takeaway is?What needs to happen?

I think the takeaway is more awareness. One of the problems is that we have this idea of the modern involved father. We all know that things have improved a lot since the 1950s. And it's really easy to focus on that rather than to know - and I think most people don't know because they don't look at statistics - that fathers' participation leveled off at 35% around the year 2000. So we go into parenting expecting something like parity. But it doesn't manifest. So our expectations are really not being met. And that leads to a lot of anger.

That was Darcy Lockman, author of "All The Rage: Mothers, Fathers And The Myth Of Equal Partnership. "

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be conveying a hidden message or agenda that requires further exploration or analysis to fully understand.

turn 1 : A takeaway is a key fact, point, or idea to be remembered, typically one emerging from a discussion or meeting.

turn 1 : A is stating the obvious about the power being out

turn 1 : Constantly being plugged in prevents people from becoming wise


Well, I'm going to try to make this as succinct as possible. But it's a complicated game of musical chairs. Next in line to take over the governor's job would be the local secretary of state. But that position has been vacant for the past two weeks because the former secretary of state resigned his position because he was involved in the original leaked chat that led to the governor's resignation.

Oh, the same scandal got the next - the second in line before it got the first guy. OK, go on.

Right. And then it would be Wanda Vazquez's turn. But as we've seen, she's a controversial figure, and she has already expressed her desire that she doesn't want the job. After that, it would be the Treasury secretary's turn. But he's been in his post for less than a month after Governor Rossello fired his predecessor for publicly denouncing corruption schemes within the Puerto Rican Treasury without first consulting with the governor's office. So the problem with the current Treasury secretary is that he's 31 years old and doesn't meet the minimum age requirement to be governor. . .

Wow.

turn 0 : Referring to a complicated game of musical chairs, not an actual game but referring to the fact that anyone could take the spot, similar to the game of musical chairs.

turn 0 : has a literal meaning of "Yes, the numbers aren't looking good for the person," but its actual meaning is "It looks like the person isn't likely to succeed."

turn 0 : to be on the run in this context means you are avoiding authorities

turn 0 : it is a metaphorical field, it just means there are not as many candidates running for the election as there was in the past because some decided not to continue running

turn 0 : A implies that the process of political maneuvering can be absurd and comical to an outside observer.


Wow.

turn 1 : second in line refers to who takes the place of a leader if they resign

turn 1 : It is being implied that if everyone resigns he will be the new leader.

turn 1 :  The actual meaning of this turn is that professional athletes should take advantage of the opportunities they have and make the most of them, because they may not get the same opportunity again.

turn 1 : It implies that Student-athletes are being exploited for their labor and not fairly compensated.

turn 1 : Despite potential lack of interest, the Olympics are still a significant event.


What would be a - and forgive the pun - what would be the holy grail for an Indiana Jones like you?What would be the ultimate?

Well, that would be to go right back to the beginning, you know, to do like a dino brew, you know, sort of a Garden of Eden type of beverage, I guess. And unfortunately in the Paleolithic period, the containers get destroyed. They were probably made out of leather, wood or whatever. So we don't have remnants of any containers from the Paleolithic period.

And that's important because once you have a container like pottery, made of pottery, the liquids get absorbed into that, and it helps to retain the ancient organic materials until the biomolecular archeologists like us comes along thousands of years later.

Do you have any bets of where the cradle of civilization for wine and beer originates?

turn 0 : His science book is not actually like a giant monster movie, it simply means it has a story where something destroys a lot of cities, etc.

turn 0 : Implied meaning: The speaker is indirectly suggesting that they may have information or opinions that they are hesitant to share openly.

turn 0 : The speaker is saying that money is important, but not as important as the enjoyment of cooking.

turn 0 : The speaker may be hinting at a hidden agenda. They may be suggesting that the people they are talking to are not being completely honest and may be hiding something. This could be in a business situation, where the speaker suspects that the other party is not giving them all the information they need to make an informed decision. It could also be in a personal or romantic situation, where the speaker is suggesting that the other person is not being completely honest.

turn 0 : Holy Grail and Indiana Jones are not literal. The reference implies that A is searching for something incredibly important.


turn 1 : Garden of Eden and Dino brew are not literal; it implies that they'd find something really old that dates back to the beginning of an era we have knowledge of.

turn 1 : Finding them was very similar to finding a dinosaur- a major surprise.

turn 1 : The speaker is stating that the amount of money being discussed is significant not just to themselves, but also to most people in the country. This suggests that there may be financial hardship or inequality that the speaker is aware of.

turn 1 :  "Do you think that there will be a cost come 2018?" - The speaker is asking about potential negative consequences in the future, rather than an actual financial cost in 2018.

turn 1 : The reason behind the increase in tuition fees for public and state universities is not because of the lack of money but because of the rising costs.


Thank you. Thanks for having me.

Now, the books were released on inauguration day. I don't know if that was significant or not. Tell us if it was and what inspired these collections?

Well, these collections I have been thinking about for a long time. I've been talking about it with my agent for sometime about doing something like this. The big fear was that, no publisher would be that interested in it because they wouldn't think the collection could be sustained over a period of time doing it every year. But Bantam believed it and so Bantam, we ultimately made a deal with Bantam to do it. The date wasn't really significant. I mean, the date turned out to be significant but we had set the date a long time before and we were just hoping that Obama would win so the date would really have some significance but it was all an accident. It turned out well though.

Now, you're going to - we've had anthologies before obviously. But the new thing about this anthology is that you're going to try to publish it annually. How difficult do you think that is likely to be?

turn 1 : Tell us if it was and what inspired these collections?" is not actually asking for information about whether the release date was significant or not. The interviewer is using this as a prompt to ask the author about the inspiration behind the book collections.

turn 1 : the literal meaning is that the interviewer asks if recent events and debates make a scene in a book more significant.

turn 1 : The head rag is associated with negative stereotypes.

turn 1 : A's decision to shave her head is about intimacy and power.

turn 1 : Shaving his head affected how people perceived him


Thank you. Thanks for having me.

turn 1 : The literal meaning: The speaker mentions that they discuss this as a significant starting point or origin for the book. The implied meaning: The speaker suggests that this event plays a crucial role in shaping the themes or direction of the book.

turn 1 : "leapt into the public imagination" - This phrase means that something has become popular, but it does not literally mean that people have started imagining things.

turn 1 : Implies that there could be a specific reason for capitalizing the internet, beyond simply being new, such as the fact that to many people, the internet is seen as a place.

turn 1 : The books were released on inauguration day may have been significant

turn 1 : They suddenly started talking about new technologiesin London


Thank you. Thanks for having me.

turn 2 : The implication of this turn is that people want to be able to look at the original documents and decide for themselves what is relevant and important, instead of relying on a news organization to make that determination.

turn 2 : We are already committed to climate change, so we need to focus on adapting to it.

turn 2 : A deeper understanding of climate change is needed to comprehend its effects.

turn 2 : Understanding climate change is not just about seeing, but also about perception.

turn 2 : The publisher was not interested in the collections but Bantam believed it


Thank you. Thanks for having me.

turn 3 : "What do you think it might be?" - The literal meaning of this question is asking for the speaker's opinion. However, the implied meaning is that the speaker is acknowledging the other person's expertise and asking for their professional assessment of the situation.

turn 3 :  (3) B: What is there about this delightful mucus of the tongue? - Implied meaning: What interesting properties does frog tongue mucus have?

turn 3 : The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker has become used to working with frogs and can even enjoy eating frog legs as part of the study.

turn 3 : the question "How difficult do you think that is likely to be?" is not actually asking for a prediction of the level of difficulty. The interviewer is asking about the author's thoughts on the sustainability of publishing an anthology annually.

turn 3 : So you get a sense of how this whole thing is going. - This implies that the speaker wants the listener to understand the context and overall direction of the conversation.


Few years ago, I was fortunate enough to address a convention of political cartoonists in the United States. And they kept pointing out, you know, we used to have a lot of people here. Now we're down to just a few dozen.

I know. And I've been to those conventions. And I'm actually a member of the board of the Association of American Cartoonists (ph). And I've been always struck by their pessimism (ph). But I'm still very positive about the genre. In this world of short attention span, the power of images has never been so big. And it's also a time when the media need to renew themselves.

But we must stop being afraid of offended people because the whole controversy that was triggered a month ago by that cartoon, I think it should have encouraged a discussion, explaining why this cartoon was wrong, how it's run, what is cartooning, and there was no space for that. I think The New York Times had to deal with a huge storm triggered by social media. We need to be able to withstand this and to go back to putting things into perspective.

Patrick Chappatte, editorial cartoonist, thanks so much for being with us.

turn 0 : Represented groups are unhappy with the current administration but can still participate in the political process

turn 0 : is a private meeting between people, while the actual meaning of "dress rehearsal" (

turn 0 : The convention of political cartoonists in the United States has significantly decreased in attendance.

turn 0 :  (4), the speaker is commenting on something that is described as "very pretty." The literal meaning of the turn is that the speaker finds the thing being referred to visually attractive. However, the implied meaning of the turn is unclear and could depend on the context of the conversation. The turn could be a sincere expression of admiration, or it could be a polite or perfunctory comment that does not reflect the speaker's true feelings. Alternatively, the turn could be sarcastic or ironic, indicating that the speaker does not actually find the thing being referred to as attractive as it may seem.

turn 0 : No privacy. In some cases, they actually look like slave cabins. - The literal meaning of this turn is that the living conditions for farmworkers are so poor that they resemble the living conditions of slaves in the past. The actual meaning is that the living conditions are dehumanizing and lack basic amenities, which puts the workers, especially women, in vulnerable situations.


For conservative groups that are courting Latinos, Trump's remarks are likely to make their work more difficult. Let's turn now to Daniel Garza. He is the president of The LIBRE Initiative, a free market advocacy group founded by the business and political titans Charles and David Koch, specifically to strengthen Republican support among Latinos. Garza also worked in the George W.  Bush administration. And he joins me now from Mission, Texas. Welcome to the program, sir.

Thank you, Lulu. It's a pleasure to be with you.

So I'd like to get your reaction to the president's comments first.

Well, I mean, I felt the president's remarks were counterproductive to trying to resolve, I think, the DACA negotiations. And, of course, I think it entirely inappropriate. Still, I suspect any political fallout will be mitigated by, I think, the booming economy that we're seeing, resulting in record low unemployment for U. S.  Latinos, 3 percent-plus GDP growth and increases in wages because of the tax reform. So, you know, it's - they were not appropriate.

So it seems like Latinos, at this point, might be a tough crowd, though, for Republicans. Immigration constantly polls as one of the main issues for them. And many view Republicans as being on the wrong side of this debate.

turn 4 : Republicans have a tough time winning over Latino voters

turn 4 : President Trump's immigration policy may have hurt Republican's midterm election results

turn 4 :  (4) is an expression of surprise. The implied meaning is an expression of admiration.

turn 4 : (3) is a sign of amusement, indicating the speaker was laughing at the metaphor.

turn 4 : The literal meaning of (3) is a simple expression of agreement, while the implied meaning is that the speaker is amazed by the story of Steve Dalkowski's feats.


. . . They make you very proud.

What can you tell us about Paola Zambrano and Mark Gorman?

Both of these kids were awesome young people. Paola - Paola, you know, died when she was going to be a junior, so she finished two years of high school. And, you know, during her freshman year, she was diagnosed with colon cancer. And we knew it was a serious situation. And we, you know, quite frankly didn't think that she'd be - you know, continue down that road of going to high school because we knew it was terminal.

And, you know, to her credit, she decided she was going to keep coming every day, had great attendance, went through her chemos and her therapies and was a model student for her family and for herself. She was very - a very proud young lady. And she had hopes and dreams beyond high school that unfortunately she was never. . .

turn 0 : The implied meaning of the statement "They make you very proud" is that the person is proud of their achievements.

turn 0 : "Thank you" - The literal meaning is an expression of gratitude or appreciation.

turn 0 :  (4) is an expression of surprise. The implied meaning is an expression of admiration.

turn 0 : The actual meaning of turn 4 is "You are welcome and appreciated for joining us and discussing the topic."

turn 0 : (4) - Implied meaning: People were encouraged to enjoy the outdoors and take in the beauty of nature


. . . They make you very proud.

turn 2 : Coming out of the shadows and revealing her status as a DACA recipient has allowed the speaker to pursue her dreams and be proud of her identity.

turn 2 : "creating a sense of movement among the millions who now acclaim him as the best thing that happened to American politics since Jack Kennedy." - This implies that Barack Obama has generated a significant amount of enthusiasm and support from a large number of people, which goes beyond his role as a senator and his political legitimacy.

turn 2 : Obama needs to balance his support from civil rights figures and moderate Democrats and Republicans

turn 2 : Democratic Party is inclusive and addresses national crisis

turn 2 : Although the speaker uses the phrase "went through her chemos and her therapies" in a literal sense, the actual meaning is that Paola underwent cancer treatment, which included chemotherapy and other therapies.


. . . They make you very proud.

turn 3 : "find the cure to cancer" - The actual meaning of this phrase is to discover a treatment or cure for cancer. However, the intended meaning could be that this is an opportunity for T.I. to focus on something positive and productive, rather than simply serving time in prison.

turn 3 : Obama missed the chance to claim his bi-racialness.

turn 3 : It implies that media and the McCain campaign were biased as they have used coded language to criticize Obama, and that this language is racially charged.

turn 3 : A faced racism from both white and black people due to his behavior and interests not aligning with stereotypes of his skin color.

turn 3 : Although the speaker uses the phrase "went through her chemos and her therapies" in a literal sense, the actual meaning is that Paola underwent cancer treatment, which included chemotherapy and other therapies.


And some - I'm trying to blend. I'm trying to be a weevil.

I got you. You know, you talked about singing to your children. Do you suggest singing to pregnant mothers, too?(unintelligible)

Absolutely. Absolutely. They can hear - babies can hear from about six months gestation. This is the way language development begins. This is the way we teach. This is the way we connect, nurture, and love our young. And although we have many devices, many toys that bleep and beep and sing and all of that, it's really important to have that human element. So speaking to, reading to, singing to your very young child is extremely important.

Nnenna Freelon, you are a fantastic talent. We appreciate you coming on News & Notes. Thank you very much.

turn 0 : Being like a velociraptor means that the person is dangerous and threatening.

turn 0 : trying to be weevil implies being a pest or a disturbance

turn 0 : Despite facing insults and criticism, the writer encourages others to have hope and support Barack Obama's presidential campaign.

turn 0 :  implies that the Democrats should not become complacent with their current demographics and should focus on further outreach

turn 0 : suggests that the Democratic Party must put forth a more persuasive and powerful economic message to win more elections


turn 2 : Children need attention, guidance, and someone to listen to them, despite their environment.

turn 2 : Speaking, reading, and singing to young children is important for their growth and development

turn 2 : The systems are capable of being penetrated by someone.

turn 2 : The situation is uncertain and they need to take it one step at a time

turn 2 : you imply that something is the case


It's actually rotting their bones from the inside.

It's rotting. Yeah.

I suppose worth noting - the - these were young women at the time that they were employed working in factories. Not. . .

Teenagers, many of them. Yeah.

turn 2 : The living conditions of workers are terrible and lack privacy and basic necessities

turn 2 : The person thinks that the fact they can not win is beginning to be believed by people.

turn 2 : The people have seen what he is capable of and believe he posses the skills and abilities to win.

turn 2 :  you imply that something is the case

turn 2 : The young women working in factories were suffering a lot due to the unhealthy environment.


And now a holiday tradition from the Lone Star state. It's Santa's cousin from the barrio, Pancho Clause. From San Antonio, we're joined now by Rudy Martinez. He is one of many guys through out Texas who takes on the role of Pancho Clause. Merry Christmas, Rudy.

Merry Christmas to you.

So explain for us who is Pancho Clause.

Pancho Clause is Santa's cousin from the South.

turn 0 : In turn 1, the speaker is implying that they have an understanding of what it is like to be a spy, as they spend their day transforming into other people, and they must make their character and reality believable.

turn 0 : to take on a role in this context means to act like a character.

turn 0 : The information was told to others when it was not supposed to be told.

turn 0 : "keep our word" - this is a figurative expression meaning to fulfill a promise or commitment, rather than literally retaining the ability to speak.

turn 0 :  implies that you should be mindful of the information you hear and stay informed.


One of the points that you make in the book is that there were always competitors to Boas' ideas. In fact, one of his sort of chief antagonists was a person named Grant. What's. . .

Madison Grant, yeah.

Madison Grant, who actually created some of the institutions which continue to survive today as anti-immigrant think tanks.

That's right. On the one hand, Madison Grant - you know, we owe the survival of the American bison to him. We owe so many of the great conservation institutions to him and conservation areas in the American West to him. But he at the same time believed deeply that what he was seeing in New York - he was from New York, living in New York - was the same thing he had experienced in traveling through the American West - that is, he understood what it was like when noble creatures could suddenly be brought down by invading species or their environment changing, and suddenly, the bison, the elk, the wolf were in danger.

turn 1 : on the one hand refers to one argument a person might have, or an opinion

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker is aware that there may be differing opinions on the topic being discussed and is acknowledging the possibility of disagreement.

turn 1 : Getting rich may not lead to a good life.

turn 1 : Family was not lost, but separated by circumstances

turn 1 : their own pockets implies that they were collecting money for themselves


Madison Grant, yeah.

turn 3 : Noble implies the creature was native to the land

turn 3 : (4) - Implied meaning: People were encouraged to enjoy the outdoors and take in the beauty of nature

turn 3 : Implies that Dr. Stephen Loyd is a reliable source of information on the subject, and that they are asking him to provide insights on the issue.

turn 3 : Despite medical advancement, outdated and toxic drugs were used.

turn 3 : B is expressing concern about the safety implications of putting a sensor in the body, and is seeking more information on the subject from A


Yeah. After the West Africa outbreak, there was this sense that, you know, we're in much better shape. We know more about it. We've got new treatment options. We've got a vaccine that's out there.

But in this one, it really has been this perfect storm. The area that this occurred in is incredibly poor, that had poor health care infrastructure beforehand. It's incredibly volatile; there's these militias that have basically been running that part of the Democratic Republic of Congo for decades. They're vying for control of minerals. And, you know, they have really undermined any governmental institutions that would be there.

And then all these health care workers show up to try to contain the Ebola treatment unit - that Ebola, you know, outbreak, and some of them were attacked, even killed. The World Health Organization yesterday was saying they've documented 198 attacks on Ebola clinics and workers over the last year. So obviously, that's an incredibly high number for attacks on a health response, you know, even in a declared war zone.

Well, I mean, yeah, it is a war zone, but why attack - specifically attack clinics that you know are treating a disease?

turn 0 : when something is made clear in this context it means that it is explained so people understand

turn 0 : Using sun-protective clothing helps protect the environment and against potential problems with sunscreen ingredients.

turn 0 : Sunscreen with an SPF higher than 50 gives people a false sense of security.

turn 0 : The type of UV rays affects skin differently.

turn 0 : a sense means that there is an understanding


turn 2 : The lack of trust in the community in the DRC is hindering efforts to stop the spread of Ebola.

turn 2 : The person in question had to ask his close associates to resign due to the controversy

turn 2 : The Reddit staff does not always disclose why they take certain actions.

turn 2 : The person in question is not willing to resign from his position despite the controversy surrounding him

turn 2 : It is becoming very dangerous for workers to run Ebola clinics


turn 3 : This is implying that the speaker is asking for advice or suggestions on how to protect oneself from such attacks in the future, rather than just a quick summary of the issue.

turn 3 : It does not make logical sense to attack people are trying to help get a dieses from spreading.

turn 3 : None . There's nothing in this that implies anything.


Absolutely. Mary was beyond offended. This was after her columns had been a sensation, after the Army-McCarthy hearings. And Mary had to deal with that kind of institutional sexism throughout her career, that she knew she would have to work harder and write better than the men to be a syndicated columnist. But she was also fairly comfortable with the hand she was dealt. She was not a trailblazing feminist in a traditional sense of the word. She figured if she was going to get paid less and have to work harder, she would make the men on the campaign trail damn well carry her bags.

Indeed. I don't think a more illustrious group of porters has ever been assembled, that you could find people carrying her typewriter and bag who invariably had won a Pulitzer. And as her cousin once joked, that if the reporters around weren't able to do it, she would make the candidates do so.

I wish I could think of a better opening. Tell me the Lyndon Baines Johnson story, if you could, please.

turn 1 : how she became herself implies the story of her discovery and success

turn 1 : Implied meaning: Is there any indication of what will happen next in the conflict?

turn 1 : Yeah, Mary's bearers, they were called, right?  In this turn, the implied meaning is that Mary had a group of people known as "bearers" who were responsible for carrying her typewriter and bag. These bearers were exceptional individuals who had won Pulitzer Prizes. It suggests that Mary had a team of highly skilled and accomplished individuals supporting her, further highlighting her influence and status.

turn 1 : The literal meaning of this turn is that the ICRC should do more about Syria, but the implied meaning is that some people might find this conversation interesting, but they may ask why the ICRC is not doing more to help with the situation in Syria.

turn 1 : (4) Implied meaning: The United States has to choose between Assad and ISIS, and it should prioritize the destruction of ISIS.


turn 2 : (4) The literal meaning of turn (4) is that the reporter contacted the Department of Justice for comment, but the implied meaning is that the reporter wants to highlight the lack of response from the Department of Justice, which can suggest a lack of transparency or accountability.

turn 2 : The key point is made to make people want to learn more about what happened.

turn 2 : In turn (3), when Mary's cousin joked about making the candidates carry her bags if the reporters weren't able to do so, the actual meaning is that Mary was a skilled and respected journalist who deserved better treatment than having to rely on others to carry her equipment. The joke is a sarcastic critique of the sexist attitudes prevalent at the time,

turn 2 : They would not do bad things were most people would find out about them.

turn 2 : You may not actually want to be here.


You're a breast cancer survivor. Your husband passed away. One of your other children was in a serious accident, and yet when you deal with the Imus ordeal, you say I've never felt so powerless in my life. Why did that touch you so much?

You know, Farai, one of the things that maybe people didn't know is that here I had a team of 10 players, and five of those young ladies were freshmen. Less than a year before that, they were sitting on bleachers at a high school graduation. Some of them that came to me had braces on their teeth. They had dreams and aspirations of becoming doctors and psychologists and musicians and all the like.

And here while they had done something that they should be commended for because throughout the year, the year had been a tremendous struggle. They had been pushed to the brink, and yet somehow they survived. And beyond surviving, here they were standing before a national audience and being honored as one of the top two teams in this nation.

And I was so proud of them because I could remember seeing some of them cry or think that they couldn't and then to see their faces on television or USA Today and, you know, this is what it's all about - for us as leaders and as parents and as people that care about our young people - to take them to places that they don't think that they can go, have them accomplish those things, and then with that level of security and confidence, they can take on the world.

turn 0 : Pushing away emotions and experiences only leads to exhaustion and they must be faced.

turn 0 :  (2) The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker is curious to know what kind of help the two people provided each other with during their lunch time.

turn 0 : Despite facing several difficult situations, the Imus ordeal made the person feel powerless

turn 0 : Implied meaning: The speaker is making a subtle suggestion or insinuation that others may pick up on, but without being too direct or forceful.

turn 0 : This turn does not mean that the speaker is proposing to explain that they slept in motels, but rather that they are suggesting to mention it as an additional piece of information to the conversation, which is a different meaning than the literal one.


turn 2 : Adolescence is when children change and is not easy to go through.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using a euphemism or understatement to convey a more significant or sensitive message.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using humor or sarcasm to make a point or convey a message in a lighthearted way.

turn 2 : As a leader and parent, it is important to help young people achieve their dreams and goals

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be hinting at a desire or need for help or support from the listener.


turn 3 : People who can manage to stay passionate and motivated to bring about change, despite the length of time it takes.

turn 3 : (1) The actual meaning of turn (1) is different from its literal meaning, as it implies that the speaker is ready to defend their state against any legal challenges from the Trump administration and has a track record of success in litigation against them, indicating a confident and confrontational approach.

turn 3 : Helping young people achieve their goals gives them confidence to take on the world

turn 3 : The literal meaning of turn (1) is a request for information about the options available to the United States at present. The implied meaning, however, is that the speaker is concerned about the situation in Syria and is looking for possible courses of action that the United States could take to address the root cause of the humanitarian crisis there. The speaker believes that the Assad regime's practice of shelling populated areas not under its control is the main driver behind the crisis and that this should be the focus of the United States' response.

turn 3 : Although the literal meaning of this turn is simply asking for a description of the current situation, the implied meaning behind it is that the speaker is expressing frustration or confusion about the conflicting messages they have heard from President Trump regarding the removal or retention of U.S. forces in Syria. It could be interpreted as a way of questioning the credibility of the information that has been provided so far and seeking clarification or a more definitive answer.


. . . if you want to call it better than mud. And those soils actually have very little - they get - they amplify the ground motion, and they have very little resistance in terms of - when compared to bedrock. And the piling of the existing structure is about, you know, 30 meters deep. They're actually timber piles. They're 30 meters deep. And there are many, many, many of those. And that particular foundation is not made to resist the seismic motions that we're dealing with.

The other part of it is the fact that the existing eastern spans have - it's a truss structure. And by default, a truss structure has many connections, many members, unlike a suspension bridge. And thereby retrofitting those members to satisfy the new design codes would require a lot of work, overhead traffic and blocking lanes.

But if you look at your design of your new bridge, it's not - it's almost unlike anything we've seen before. . .

Well. . .

turn 1 : sail back to the centre implies engaging in doing things right this time in order to build bridges and connection

turn 1 : The speaker is not literally saying that retrofitting the truss structure would require blocking lanes and overhead traffic. They are implying that the retrofitting process would be difficult and disruptive due to the many connections and members of a truss structure.

turn 1 : (3) The implied meaning is that there is a great sense of uncertainty and concern about what will happen next, and it's not clear whether the situation is still a political game or has escalated to military brinksmanship. The literal meaning is consistent with this implied meaning.

turn 1 : In turn (4), the statement suggests that despite the appearance of a positive sign, the comments from the British Foreign Secretary indicate that the situation is more challenging and difficult to resolve than it may seem. The literal meaning of the words may convey a positive outlook, but the implied meaning highlights the potential obstacles and complexities involved.

turn 1 : Although the literal meaning of this turn is simply asking for a description of the current situation, the implied meaning behind it is that the speaker is expressing frustration or confusion about the conflicting messages they have heard from President Trump regarding the removal or retention of U.S. forces in Syria. It could be interpreted as a way of questioning the credibility of the information that has been provided so far and seeking clarification or a more definitive answer.


But Dr.  Landreth and his colleagues contend that's not the culprit. The culprit is the earlier forms of deposition, the so-called oligomeric stage that is really causing the damage, or the soluble stage of the processing. And the drug may be effective at that stage, and hence may be efficacious.

But this is all within the world of amyloid. There's a whole other research community out there that talks about other aspects of the Alzheimer's disease process. So while amyloid is likely to be a major player, it may not be the only culprit in the disease.

And so there may be other ways to treat it, too.

Absolutely. I mean, I think one - you may be familiar with the National Alzheimer's Project Act that was signed into law in 2011, and eventually resulted in the first United States national plan for Alzheimer's disease, released about a year ago in Washington. And part of that plan talks about exploring other targets for Alzheimer's disease.

turn 1 : Diseases are not breaking out but might begin to happen due to the situation.

turn 1 : Of course, as I don't have to tell you, it is a fact that Chinese hackers have been accused of stealing intellectual property from U.S. businesses and breaching U.S. government systems. That's a concern for you, too?  The actual meaning of this turn is to subtly imply that the previous speaker (A) should also be concerned about the actions of Chinese hackers and their impact on U.S. businesses and government systems. It implies that the issue raised by A should not be seen in isolation but should consider the broader context of national security and potential threats.

turn 1 : In turn (4), the implied meaning is that the Chinese Ministry of State Security is trying to take revenge for the U.S. FBI catching their spies in the U.S.

turn 1 : The government's lack of action on the Shadow Brokers leak suggests negligence and a failure to address a significant security breach.

turn 1 : Amyloid is likely to be a major cause of alzehiemer's but not the only cause.


That's where he sees himself as a character through a hole in his room.

I imagined a hole in a wall at the Good Inn where Soldier Boy perceives light and sound coming through this tiny pinhole. Imagine a camera obscura. And as he begins to investigate, he sees not only his own doppelganger, but other people that he recognizes in essentially the same place that he is - an inn, a bedroom, a man, a woman.

The only difference is that there are other people there, people at a tripod, for example, and a camera. And so he is actually seeing the first porn film ever being made, but it's in a parallel universe, if you will. He's attracted to the situation or intrigued by it enough because he's seeing himself and through a little whole in the wall. It doesn't make sense.

Yeah.

turn 2 : The turn in (2) is a figurative expression and its actual meaning is different from its literal meaning.

turn 2 : (2) The literal meaning of this turn is a simple question, but the implied meaning is that the speaker wants to know what actions can be taken to address the issue being discussed and is seeking guidance or suggestions.

turn 2 :  implies a question asking if the idea has been used in any other contexts.

turn 2 : he turn with an implied meaning that is different from its literal meaning is (3).  In this turn, the speaker describes a situation where the character sees himself through a hole in the wall, but the actual meaning being implied is that the character is watching the first porn film ever being made. The speaker suggests that the character is intrigued by this situation because he is seeing himself through a little hole in the wall, which is a euphemism for watching the porn film.

turn 2 :  (2) implies that B is wondering what the latest news or developments are in the situation,


Yeah.

turn 2 : The literal meaning of this turn is that B is asking if the neutrons could be physically leaking into another universe. However, the implied meaning is that B is asking if the neutrons could be disappearing because they are interacting with the parallel universe proposed in the paper mentioned by A. This implies that the parallel universe is not a physical location that can be entered or exited, but rather a theoretical construct that can only be detected through indirect means.

turn 2 : (3).  In this turn, the speaker is describing a surreal and improbable scenario where the character is watching the first porn film ever made through a hole in his room. The implied meaning is that the scenario is not meant to be taken literally, but rather as a metaphor or symbol for the character's desires or curiosities. The use of the parallel universe concept emphasizes the idea that this scenario is not real or tangible, but rather a projection of the character's subconscious.(3).  In this turn, the speaker is describing a surreal and improbable scenario where the character is watching the first porn film ever made through a hole in his room. The implied meaning is that the scenario is not meant to be taken literally, but rather as a metaphor or symbol for the character's desires or curiosities. The use of the parallel universe concept emphasizes the idea that this scenario is not real or tangible, but rather a projection of the character's subconscious.

turn 2 : He resigned because the job was not worth all of the trouble that he and his father were going through.

turn 2 : The person in question is not willing to resign from his position despite the controversy surrounding him

turn 2 : It is being implied that if everyone resigns he will be the new leader.


. . . they did great animation in this. And I can't imagine having the patience to move these little dots around.

No. It's a. . .

It's coffee granules, I think.

. . . a great visualization. And I should say that we have another video that done in the same animation style. It's part of the series. It's an experiment people can do at home. So. . .

turn 2 : The energy released in the explosion is incredibly powerful.

turn 2 : This implies a technological war between America and Huawei which is a Chinese Phone manufacturer.

turn 2 : Tech companies may have negative impact on competition and consumer prices.

turn 2 : The electronic animation is as tiny as coffee granules.

turn 2 : Samsung is not the main target, Google is


I would love that, and we would absolutely love that.

And watch The Daily Show tonight. I'll be on it.

Oh, absolutely.

Great.

turn 3 : The speaker is expressing his appreciation and gratitude for the guest taking the time to be on the show.

turn 3 : This implies a technological war between America and Huawei which is a Chinese Phone manufacturer.

turn 3 : There are several issues that could lead to conflict between US and China in the short term

turn 3 : This implies the growing economic war between Trump administration and China.

turn 3 : Suggesting that the other person should watch The Daily Show to see the speaker's appearance.


Captain, thanks for coming on the program.

You're welcome. Thank you for having me.

So as I understand, you began your transition in 2016. And I know a lot of this policy and whether it applies depends on where someone is in that process. Does this policy apply to you?

Well, so any policy that the DOD implements is going to apply to me as a member of the DOD. I think, specifically, I'll be part of the so-called grandfather clause here and be, quote-unquote, "OK" as we move forward. And so maybe not in the specific sense, but I think it applies in general that any time you put a policy in place that affects a specific group of people, i. e. transgender people in this case, it's going to affect me, whether directly or because of the implications and the intention behind it.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be expressing a subtle hint or suggestion, rather than stating something directly.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker's use of a particular tone or emphasis suggests that they may be implying something indirectly, without stating it explicitly.

turn 1 : This implies a technological war between America and Huawei which is a Chinese Phone manufacturer.

turn 1 : The US and China both want to establish their own spheres of influence in the region.

turn 1 : There are several issues that could lead to conflict between US and China in the short term


Right, I mean, this is going to be the very difficult point that they're going to have to get together with his younger brother and figure that out. I mean, this looks much more like it's going to be something about Islamic radicalization, as opposed to Chechen - sort of nationalism.

And I think when this first happened, we've never had Chechens do this in this country, so everybody assumes it has to do with that. What will be interesting is to see if he was radicalized on the Internet, if he was radicalized during trips to Russia - the older brother did travel to Russia reasonably often; the younger brother didn't - and how that evolution came about.

We will want to know if there were contacts there. The Russians - have they been helpful, in the past?Are they likely to be helpful, in this case?

It's unclear. I would suspect that they're likely to be helpful in this case because they've been making a case that Chechens are very dangerous, and that's why they do what they do in Chechnya. But it's. . .

Which is a very hard line of - some would say brutal repression.

turn 3 : They mean that this is not a small way of being associated with Russia.

turn 3 : His memory had these girls staying the way they were and not changing into what they are now.

turn 3 : She believes that child actors are like cattle to be used by others.

turn 3 : The Russians might be helpful in this case due to their stance on Chechens being dangerous, although it's not certain

turn 3 : A had an inappropriate relationship with an older man at a young age.


turn 4 : that Russia views itself as a victim of a Western conspiracy and is retaliating with its own tactics.

turn 4 : A gold mine implies that the amount is a lot and it has value to the people that want it

turn 4 : The turn that has an actual meaning different from its literal meaning is (4): "How do you cast sculptures in what amounts to an underwater gallery, not just this installation in the Thames, obviously, but some that you've done all over the world?"

turn 4 : The speaker in (2) is implying that they are looking for something rare and valuable, such as precious metals or other valuable resources, rather than simply asking what type of metal they are looking for.

turn 4 : The Russian's stance on Chechen terrorism is perceived as brutal repression


The British travel company Thomas Cook has collapsed. The company coordinates packaged tours, or rather they did coordinate packaged tours. They're going out of business immediately, leaving hundreds of thousands of travelers stranded overseas. The British government says getting a total of 150,000 British nationals home will require the biggest peacetime repatriation operation that Britain has ever conducted.

Daniel Thomas is the executive news editor of The Financial Times. He's covering this story from London. Welcome to the program.

Good morning.

How does a 178-year-old company close overnight?

turn 0 : when a company collapses, it means they went out of business.

turn 0 : The behavior of the company should be investigated since it continued for many years.

turn 0 : the speaker is using a metaphor to describe a physical phenomenon. They are not actually suggesting that the coffee is experiencing emotions like depression, but rather that the act of stirring the coffee creates a depression in the middle and a rise on the sides.

turn 0 :  The implied meaning of this turn is: Was there any particular reason for choosing this neighbourhood for your business?

turn 0 :  The speaker is implying that Wal-Mart is not genuine in its claim that the store closure was an experiment, and that it may have been a strategic move to avoid further criticism and negative publicity.


The tech companies cover a whole spectrum of businesses. And I think you'd have to go through the processes and procedures we have in place to look at, are they hurting competition, and are they negatively affecting the prices that consumers pay for their services and their goods.

Well, a lot of research has been done into it. What do you think?Do you think they are?

I think that Amazon, in certain ways, clearly is restraining the creation of businesses. And I think that's an important filter. That's my entrepreneurial filter. I mean, Amazon is able to see which of their vendors are most successful in selling their products. And then if Amazon decides to, they can go and acquire that specific company. That seems like an unfair competitive advantage to many people.

You said that red tape is preventing the creation of businesses. President Trump has famously made deregulation a big part of his pitch to the American people. Does President Trump have a point?Are we an overly regulated society?

When you get rid of all the regulations, as Donald Trump is suggesting, really, we become incredibly vulnerable to what appear to be small decisions, but they become bigger decisions. We need regulation. What I was saying is we don't need red tape, right?While I was governor, we went through 24,500 rules and regulations. And we looked for the red tape that really is not adding regulatory value.

turn 0 : Tech companies may have negative impact on competition and consumer prices.

turn 0 : The tech sector has had a negative impact on the economy

turn 0 : In turn (5), when the speaker says, "And I hadn't seen these people before in the area," the actual meaning is that the speaker has observed armed and masked separatists in the area who appear to be professional soldiers. This statement implies that the separatists are not just a group of local civilians who have taken up arms, but rather they may have received military training and support from a foreign government or organization. This implication is a departure from the literal meaning of the words used in the turn.

turn 0 : (3): "It was a sniper that hit him. And it entered above his right ear and exited above his left." The literal meaning of this turn is that Sgt. Erik Schei was shot by a sniper, and the bullet entered and exited his head from above his right ear and left side of his head, respectively. However, the implied meaning is that the injury sustained by Sgt. Erik Schei was severe, life-threatening, and life-altering for him and his family.

turn 0 : A statement implies that they were caught off guard or surprised by the previous speaker's comment.


He apologized for the messages and essentially blamed the fact that he worked really long days and often used this group chat to - as he said, you know, relieve stress. That did not sit well with people, obviously. He ended up, like you said, having to ask most of his inner circle to step down. But that has not appeased anyone. The outcry and the demands for his resignation have only grown. Not only from his political opponents - also, essentially everyone within his own party here in Puerto Rico has abandoned him. And now there is talk within the legislature of beginning the process of removing him from office if he doesn't step down on his own.

And has he said that he is considering it?Or what is he saying about that possibility?

No, he's basically dug his feet in and has said he is not going to resign. He said he was, you know, elected governor by the people of Puerto Rico, feels like he has a lot of work to do and intends to continue doing it. A big question is obviously how because he has lost the confidence of everyone within his government, and no one really sees him having the capital needed to govern.

That is NPR's Adrian Florido joining us from San Juan.

turn 0 : He resigned because the job was not worth all of the trouble that he and his father were going through.

turn 0 : The person in question had to ask his close associates to resign due to the controversy

turn 0 : Both A and B agree that the tax bill is not popular

turn 0 : Deficit spending to provide tax cuts may not be judged favorably in history

turn 0 : A implies that positive economic effects of the tax reductions will have positive political developments for the Republicans


turn 2 : "Digs in" is not literal. It is a metaphor implying that he, like soldiers in a trench, will not back easily away from his position.

turn 2 : Despite the presence of goods in shops, people are still starving due to lack of money and high taxes.

turn 2 : Dug his feet in implies that he will not change his mind about the issue

turn 2 : A lot of people are out of work and jobs are getting harder to find.

turn 2 : People want to work hard for things.


turn 2 : He resigned because the job was not worth all of the trouble that he and his father were going through.

turn 2 : The speaker is pointing out the cultural differences between America and their country, where America tends to cover up imperfections while their country embraces them. Implicated meaning: The speaker values authenticity and honesty over superficial appearances.

turn 2 : In this turn, the speaker is describing the difficult situation of children seeking refuge in the US and the unreasonable expectations placed on them to quickly share their traumatic experiences with strangers in a language they don't speak. However, the implied meaning goes beyond the literal description of the situation and suggests that the speaker is critical of the policy and decision makers who would put vulnerable children in such a position. The tone and choice of words such as "expedite" and "perfect stranger" convey a sense of urgency, frustration, and perhaps even outrage about the situation.

turn 2 : The person in question is not willing to resign from his position despite the controversy surrounding him

turn 2 : (1) is that people have become inactive or lacking in energy, and the speaker is suggesting that there are significant problems that need to be addressed in the city. However, the implied meaning is that people have become desensitized or accustomed to these problems, and the journalist should not make broad generalizations about the city without considering the struggles of its residents.


But they just talk. They don't really do anything, and they make appeals, and people are fed up with it, so people don't really pay much attention to the Arab League meetings anymore, even if they meet at the summit level. But it's a sign that the leaders are aware that their people are angry and concerned.

And the fact is that Hamas, like Hezbollah in Lebanon, is an Islamist group that is actively fighting back against Israel, and they're the only people who seem to do this, and popular opinion in the Arab world is very much with them. Not everybody is with them. Some people criticize them, but most people line up, support Hamas in terms of just fighting back against Israel, protecting Palestinians. So there is great tension within the Arab world itself over the situation.

The Arab League is meeting today in Cairo. Do you think it will be as you say, all talk?Or will any action come out of that meeting?

Well, there probably will be some symbolic action. They'll probably send a delegation to the UN Security Council. They'll do something like that. They will ask for possibly a meeting of the Arab summit at the head of state level. But again, it will be more talk, more talk than action, more rhetoric. The facts on the ground won't change very much because of what the Arab leaders are doing, unfortunately.

There is a bit of a perception that Iran's influence is growing in that region. How do you think Arab leaders are responding to that?

turn 3 : Saudi Arabia has historically not been supportive of Palestinian rights.

turn 3 : A moved from a middle-class area to a poorer area with a stark contrast in living conditions.

turn 3 : "Well, that's a luxury" is an idiomatic expression that means "That's a privilege" or "That's a rare and fortunate thing to have."

turn 3 : The speaker is stating that the amount of money being discussed is significant not just to themselves, but also to most people in the country. This suggests that there may be financial hardship or inequality that the speaker is aware of.

turn 3 : The Arab League meetings will not lead to significant action.


That's exactly the concern that advertisers have about this, they use these small data tracking files called, cookies. And by watching where you go on the web they can build a customer profile and decide what kinds of ads to show. Well, the internet advertising bureau which represents a lot of these companies, and web publishers says if this feature becomes widely adopted a lot of sites and especially smaller ones that rely almost entirely on their ad revenue - they won't be able to survive. On the other hand, some analysts are taking note that Microsoft's own future could hinge on web advertising, and this could affect its own business in much the same way.

That's true, the Firefox browser and Apple Safari browser do offer similar features.

Bob Moon of Public Radio's Daily Business Show, Marketplace - thank you.

turn 1 : "Other browsers have offered something like this?" - the word "this" refers to the feature discussed in the previous sentences, not a physical object.

turn 1 : Implies that the speaker found the information about spiders and their webs interesting or impressive, despite the fact that they also thought it was "cool." So, the actual meaning of (4) is slightly different from its literal meaning.

turn 1 : The economy is doing very poorly, and consumers are struggling to pay their debts and bills.

turn 1 : The economic change has been very destructive to everyone and everything.

turn 1 : The current financial situation has disrupted people's sense of security.


No (laughter).

It tastes like the best parts of the sotol have just been elevated.

All right. I can get into that.

I don't know. I'm just making stuff up. It's really yum.

turn 3 : "And finally - homemade chicken stock to finish out the sauce, which I call pot liquor." - The actual meaning of this turn is the same as its literal meaning. The speaker is adding homemade chicken stock to the sauce to enhance its flavor and texture, and refers to the sauce as "pot liquor".

turn 3 : The actual meaning: The food/drink is delicious. Implied meaning: The speaker is indicating that they are uncertain about the accuracy of their statement. However, the use of the phrase "I'm just making stuff up" implies that the speaker may be exaggerating or not entirely serious about their comment. Despite that, they still express that the food/drink is very tasty by saying "it's really yum."

turn 3 : "I'm doing well, but some people aren't. And let's talk about these figures and really, what is shifting in our economy right now in terms of the different sectors where people are losing these tens of thousands of jobs?" - The literal meaning is a statement about the current state of the economy and its impact on employment. The implied meaning is a suggestion to discuss the economic issues and the resulting job losses.

turn 3 : The economy is doing very poorly, and consumers are struggling to pay their debts and bills.

turn 3 : The economic change has been very destructive to everyone and everything.


This is WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. I'm Scott Simon.

Tornadoes hit Oklahoma City last night. Five people are reported to have died, including a mother and her child. Nearly 90 people are being treated for injuries. The twister touched down in Oklahoma City and in nearby Moore and triggered flash floods and power outages. And, of course, we remember that Oklahomans are still recovering from tornadoes that hit a few weeks ago. Kurt Gwartney is the news director at our member station KGOU in Oklahoma City. He joins us now. Kurt, thanks so much for making time for us on a very busy morning.

You're welcome.

What's the latest news you can give us?

turn 1 : The tornadoes did not actually hit but touched down in the areas.

turn 1 : The trailer homes were severely damaged due to the tornado and people were forced to evacuate.

turn 1 : THERE IS A BIG CHANGE THE PEOPLE HAVE ALREADY LOST THEIR MONEY

turn 1 : The economic situation will get worse, and it's uncertain how bad it will be.

turn 1 : The person found a lot of people not shopping and instead watching how much they spend on things in order to save money.