Well, I think perhaps the most concrete thing here that's been agreed to involves the tariffs that were supposed to take effect on Tuesday. You know, the Trump administration has already put tariffs on a lot of the things that we import from China. They were supposed to go up on Tuesday. That will be suspended. That's the word that was used, but the tariffs that are already in place apparently will remain in place. And there are still additional tariffs that are supposed to take effect in December, and it's not really clear whether they will take effect.

Also, China has agreed to buy more agricultural products from the United States. The president said 40 to $50 billion worth. You know, farmers, of course, have been really hurt by this trade war, and the president has been really anxious to help them out.

The president and his advisers have been clear they wanted a big deal, not something piecemeal. Does this count - phase one of a big deal?

You know, I think it's progress. It means, you know, this is - phase one means there's going to be a phase two and possibly a phase three, which means there's more work to do. I mean, one of - the important thing to point out here is that, apparently, this deal isn't written down on paper yet. That has to be done over, President Trump said, the next three weeks or four weeks or five weeks. And, of course, the devil is always in the details with things like this, in trade talks.

turn 3 : It's best to be receptive to any thought that comes your way.

turn 3 : The fruit is not a supermodel, it is just the perfect, good looking one of the crop.

turn 3 : going to be fruitful implies that it will be successful, the goals achieved and not referring to fruits from the trees

turn 3 : The details will be hard to work out and difficult to deal with.

turn 3 :  The actual meaning of this turn is that professional athletes should take advantage of the opportunities they have and make the most of them, because they may not get the same opportunity again.


Did we, maybe without noting it, pass a corner this week in which the Russia investigation - Mueller, Michael Cohen, all of that - has gone from examining if there was obstruction of justice to actual collusion with Russia by the Trump campaign?

That's why the Michael Cohen revelation this week seems to be so important. We've been talking about this for the better part of two years now. We've always been kind of dubious about whether or not there was an actual provable case of collusion, as opposed to obstruction. An active cooperation with the Russian interference would seem to be the collusion everyone's looking for. A lot of journalists and Democrats have thought it more likely that we would simply get an obstruction case, which might be easier to prove. But in the news of this week, we see a wider possibility.

NPR's Ron Elving, thanks so much.

Thank you, Scott.

turn 1 : The recent revelation about Michael Cohen seems to indicate that there was actual collusion between the Trump campaign and Russia.

turn 1 : The Russians pretended to be Americans and impersonated political activists, which is suspicious and may have been noticed by the Trump campaign, but they were not sensitive enough to it.

turn 1 : As a journalist, you've been observing the border.

turn 1 : The times have changed a lot in society and it is noticeable.

turn 1 : The books were released on inauguration day may have been significant


Last year, Lolita De Sola made a hard decision; she left her home country and fled north to Mexico City. Because of the move, De Sola was able to release her first album, "Cattleya. "She felt she had to leave Venezuela. Her work there, her life was becoming impossible.

Today's Venezuela, on the brink of collapse with President Nicolas Maduro refusing to give up power and the prospect of international intervention, with millions of people leaving the country and others so desperate for food they are eating from the trash, this is not the Venezuela Lolita De Sola remembers and longs for.

When I was little, honestly, it was magical. Now I realize how privileged I was to grow up in a place like Venezuela because it's beautiful. Caracas is a valley where you have the mountains and, in half hour, you have the beach. Also you have, like, amazing food. You have perfect weather. And honestly, I like a lot - my childhood - in that sense because I realized that Venezuelans right now don't have the same that I did.

turn 1 : When you have a dictatorship or crisis, the first thing that goes away is culture because you need more food, you need more basic stuff, first, then culture." The literal meaning is that during times of crisis, people prioritize their basic needs like food over cultural activities.

turn 1 : (2).  While the literal meaning of A's response is simply agreement with B's statement, the implied meaning is that there are multiple crises happening simultaneously, and therefore the country is not able to focus on one issue before another arises. This suggests a sense of overwhelm or difficulty in managing the situation.

turn 1 : The verdict is a powerful landmark as genocide is difficult to prove in court

turn 1 : Victims did not have any legal rights until recently.

turn 1 : They found out the information in an indirect way from people not involved.


What do you mean it knocked the - 'cause I always think of the bottled water market as being quite new.

Well, it's ironic. There was a big bottled water market in the U. S.  late 19th, early 20th century. It was basically seen as healthier, better for you. And this newfangled chlorination essentially made water really safe to drink for the first time, in some respects, ever. And as a result, tap water became a newfangled thing, which is very ironic, considering the reputation today of bottled water versus tap water.

Yeah. Why did bottled water become popular again?

So, it was popular to a certain extent throughout the 1930s, 1940s, 1950s. Bottled water in the sort of single serve and liter size that we think of really was a niche market in restaurants until the late 1970s. And Perrier really for the very first time put a lot of money into their marketing budget and they got very lucky with their timing, 'cause it coincided with the fitness craze. I mean, think about it. Jane Fonda and aerobics. And what happens to really push it long is that Nestle ends up getting in the act with Perrier; Coke launches Dasani; Pepsi launches Aquafina. And now all of the sudden what you have is mass distribution channels. Today - get this - per second on average, 1,500 bottles of water are being opened nationwide.

turn 3 : Water infrastructure is a critical yet underappreciated aspect of our economy and daily lives, and requires more attention and investment.

turn 3 : to move in direction in this context means to change something

turn 3 : "tapping the accelerator and tapping the brake" refers to the rate at which inflation is increased within this context.

turn 3 : "excessively high percentages of sales" - This turn's actual meaning is different from its literal meaning because "excessively high" means a lot or too much, but it is not necessarily related to a specific number or percentage.

turn 3 : So, it was popular to a certain extent throughout the 1930s, 1940s, 1950s. Bottled water in the sort of single serve and liter size that we think of really was a niche market in restaurants until the late 1970s. And Perrier really for the very first time put a lot of money into their marketing budget and they got very lucky with their timing, 'cause it coincided with the fitness craze. I mean, think about it. Jane Fonda and aerobics. And what happens to really push it along is that Nestle ends up getting in the act with Perrier; Coke launches Dasani; Pepsi launches Aquafina. And now all of a sudden what you have is mass distribution channels. Today - get this - per second on average, 1,500 bottles of water are being opened nationwide.


Sounds good, right?Sixty years ago this month, Miles Davis finished recording one of the most iconic albums in jazz. "Kind Of Blue" is perhaps Davis's greatest masterpiece. But it wasn't the only milestone recorded that year. John Coltrane, Dave Brubeck, Ornette Coleman and Charles Mingus all cut timeless classics, which is why many fans consider 1959 the best year in jazz ever.

There are all kinds of think pieces about this - a new blog devoted to the subject, even a documentary film titled "1959: The Year That Changed Jazz. "So settle in. And let's listen to what 1959 sounded like. Our guide is Nate Chinen. He is editorial director at our member station WBGO. And he's with Jazz Night In America. Nate, thanks for being here.

Thank you, Rachel.

All right. Make the case. What makes 1959 so great?

turn 1 : Why do you think people relate to music as a way of understanding and humanizing other people? What is it about music that's so special?"

turn 1 : The shooting was a terrible tragedy and has left a lot of hurt and healing needed in the community.

turn 1 : Let's explore the music of 1959 and why it was special

turn 1 : The situation worsened after trying to treat it

turn 1 : The decision to turn back was a difficult one, but it was the right decision to protect your hands from potential damage.


And what's life like day to day in Fulton now?

Well, it's kind of like Groundhog Day. Every day you get up, it's - you see debris that's been removed on the side the road one day. And you think - well, we've really accomplished something. And the next day, the debris is right back out there again. So mentally, it's affected a lot of people, including myself, seeing all that - just take a hard time to get picked up.

Where are people living and sleeping?

Well, we've got quite a few people that have moved in with other family members. Some houses that have only been destroyed partially - some are completely to the ground. We've still got some living in hotels. We've got some that are living in tents and vehicles. We found out yesterday from our school district that quite a few schoolkids are homeless. You know, 67 percent of the property here has been damaged in some way - or more.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be hinting at a deeper meaning or intention behind their words or actions, which requires further investigation or understanding to fully grasp.

turn 2 : (4) Implied meaning: Does Mr. Trump have the support to win the Republican nomination, or is it uncertain?

turn 2 : (4) Indicates that the speaker would use passive-aggressive tactics to undermine Donald Trump's confidence.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker might be implying a hidden agenda or ulterior motive behind their words, actions, or decisions, without making it explicit.

turn 2 : The implication is that the Republicans may have to use strong tactics to pass their agenda, even if it means having to pressure members of their own party.


Yeah. That was the scene I went out. Before I did that song, Creed said, man, write a hit. I said, oh, sure, it'll be gold(ph). Because commercialism never really fazed me. I mean, playing songs that - in links that you knew everybody would like. I always wanted to be a true jazz artist, you know that. But Creed said, write a hit, so I wrote "Red Clay. "And all my friends who were jazz musicians, they said, man, you writing that square stuff. So I kind of - but that tune has earned me a living.

That's a great tune.

I mean - and it reminded me of my early childhood when I was back in Indianapolis.

They have red clay in Indiana?

turn 0 : The songs that I sing have a message that can inspire change in the world.

turn 0 : Creed said to write a song that would be very popular. Jazz musician friends said that he was writing songs that were boring.

turn 0 : (4) implies disbelief or shock at A's response in the previous turn.

turn 0 : Take a shot means have a try in this context, not actually shoot someone

turn 0 : shots implies the activities in a game and not referring to a gunshot


That's a great tune.

They have red clay in Indiana?

turn 3 :  "Red Clay" is the song that made me famous.

turn 3 : It is being implied that the criminals are having a difficult time.

turn 3 : "I wrote 'Red Clay'" implies that the speaker was not initially interested in writing a commercial hit, but ended up doing so at the urging of someone else.

turn 3 : The person wants to know where the crimes are not taking place and who is not getting hurt.

turn 3 : "Putting Detroit on the map" implies that through the journalist's work, Detroit is becoming well known.


OK, which theory do you want to start with?

Well, the ships became frozen in the ice and the crewmen set out on foot.

Well, we know that's true. Captain Franklin - Sir John - made a huge mistake trying to force the Victoria passage with that much ice. And he kept going when they could turn back to shelter. And it got them stuck in the worst possible place. So his error of judgment doomed those men.

What other theories are there?

turn 2 : "But, you know, who knows?" - The literal meaning of this turn is simply acknowledging the uncertainty of the situation. The implied meaning, however, could be interpreted as a sarcastic remark indicating the speaker's lack of faith in the legal system's ability to keep information confidential.

turn 2 : They are talking about the econominc troubles that are happening in Detroit.

turn 2 : Although the speaker says "we know that's true," they are not expressing a belief that the events described in turn (2) are factual. Rather, they are acknowledging the information that has been presented and using it as a basis to introduce a theory about what might have happened to the crewmen. T

turn 2 : "Putting Detroit on the map" implies that through the journalist's work, Detroit is becoming well known.

turn 2 :  Implied meaning: There is a fear of the spread of Zika, malaria, cholera, and other diseases due to the lack of access to aid.


My best friend grew up in the Philippines and celebrated Christmas in a really bizarre fashion - without Santa at all. On his first holiday in the United States, a relative happily shouted, come look what Santa did. And Joe froze, sure that someone had stolen all his toys. Well, how was I supposed to know, he told me. No one ever broke into our home to give us things.

This year, Emmeline is increasingly interested in these fledgling magical mysteries of childhood. We read "The Night Before Christmas" every day now, and I figured, if Emmeline could buy into the story of wingless, flying reindeer, she'd eventually come around to the notion that the fat guy from the mall could fit through a tiny gas pipe. In a family of jaded atheists, it was the true miracle of Christmas.

At the fireplace, Emmeline inspected the hole again, poking a hesitant finger through the opening. She looked up with unblinking eyes and asked, Santa fits in there?I nodded, whispering, Santa can do anything. Emmeline paused for a moment, smiling hopefully. But mommy said he just climbs in the window. At least we have another day to get our traditions straight.

Mike Adamick lives in San Francisco with his wife and their pint-sized doubting Thomas.

turn 3 : They want to find out what is happening not take a pin to it.

turn 3 : dozens of people implies a very large number of people

turn 3 : There are informal groups in the town that are not identified openly

turn 3 : when something is pint-sized in this context it means something is very small

turn 3 : bunch of others implies there are so many others available


Well, it's very difficult to verify independently because some of the information he claims to be from within the inner circle of those around President Mugabe, but certainly it creates a lot of interest and in some cases, some of his predictions have come to pass in ways that really points to credibility on the part of this character.

For example, he had warned that individuals within the ruling party were plotting to kill a former minister of parliament, Edward Chindori-Chininga, and indeed within a week this official died in a suspicious car accident.

Now, I mean, saying that almost any politician of any prominence other than President Mugabe is vulnerable to being killed mysteriously, wouldn't that be a truism in Zimbabwe?

Yes, it is, but particularly if you look at the tensions in the countries we approach elections that will be held on July 31. So, yes, that is true.

turn 2 : you don't really know that much about this.

turn 2 : Implies that the situation is incredible and shocking, rather than simply saying that it is amazing.

turn 2 : The actual meaning behind (3) is not just a simple expression of astonishment but also an acknowledgment of the amazement of the speaker.

turn 2 : The literal meaning of (2) is a simple expression of surprise, while the implied meaning is that the speaker is in awe of Steve Dalkowski's remarkable ability.

turn 2 : The information this mysterious character provides is likely to be accurate and can be trusted.


I hope that there would be people who would come to the site, interested in building their family tree or learning how to start family research, who then would see an interesting article that they might not have thought they would read otherwise and dabble. And that there will be cross pollination between the two missions of the site that, you know, will make for some interesting dialogue and interesting experience for users.

Now, you've been careful to point out that when appropriate, you're going to make these links. But Professor Gates co-owns part of AfricanDNA. com. Do you see any ethical problems with your site steering people to his business specifically?

I don't, actually, at all, because we don't simply steer people to AfricanDNA. com, and there's full disclosure on the site that he's a co-founder of AfricanDNA. com.

But if you - if someone comes to the site and they click into the tab that - for DNA testing, they'll see several different places that they can go to to test their DNA, with links to those different companies. Actually, the option to link those different companies are actually presented to you before you click through to AfricanDNA. com.

turn 0 : Implied meaning: The speaker is indirectly suggesting that they may have information or opinions that they are hesitant to share openly.

turn 0 : The political divide between the Democratic and Republican parties is not the only divide that exists, there are divides within the two parties as well.

turn 0 : In (3), the speaker is using the phrase "bridges the gap" to describe the common experience of poverty that unites people across the country. The actual meaning is that poverty is a unifying force that brings people together despite their differences in geography, culture, or background.

turn 0 : The implied meaning is that the person hopes for interaction and engagement between individuals interested in building their family tree or learning about family research, and that they will come across unexpected articles and ideas, leading to interesting discussions and experiences on the site.

turn 0 : 'he risks a kind of split within his party' means there is a possibility of division within the party, not literally splitting into two parts.


I was singing that one time, and that line came out. I was like, we will always sing. We will always sing. And it's because when I think about the struggles that black Indigenous people of color face, that line of, we will always sing - that just kind of shows, no matter what, we're always going to be standing back up.

(Singing) Even when you look at me, your heart so full, I'll think of you from a nice place.

I know that you've been pretty vocal about being uncomfortable with white men at your shows.

Oh, yeah.

turn 1 : "express what's in my heart" is a figurative expression that means to express one's true and honest feelings.

turn 1 : not a heart literally full of something, but full as in happy or content

turn 1 : The government could acquire loans and make changes more easily.

turn 1 : The situation is much worse than ever before and people are starting to think about alternative options if their current job is not secured.

turn 1 : The workers are looking for more than just monetary benefits and want to ensure they are being treated fairly and have the right to negotiate their terms.


Visuals that related to Senator Obama in politics.

That's right - different iterations and paintings of Senator Obama. Ron English did one of him as kind of morphing into Abe Lincoln. You know, Shepard's hope thing, you know, was enormous. You know, I did one of Obama looking obviously very hopeful into the city. He's - behind him is a cityscape and rising is the sun. I wanted it to be during, you know, the sunrise. And so he's being backlit by the sun in warm light. And the reason I did the city is because, you know, he's from the city. He can relate to the city. You know, he was raised by a single mom on food stamps, which is much like my experience growing up in Harlem. And you know, he's - and I said I wrote "one" on it because he's really - he really represents one, you know, one global community, ethnically diverse, one nation, and really someone that we can, for the first time, being from urban life, relate to, besides Clinton, by the way.

Are you worried about they're being an element of hero worship to this?I mean, both in the fact that so many artists are depicting him, but also in the way that he's depicted.

Yeah. I mean, I'm not worried about it. I think there is a lot of hero worship, but in contrast to what's out there, you know, he is a hero.

turn 1 : Obama wants to be seen as the voice of the people.

turn 1 : The speaker is acknowledging the wealth of their country and how they have been living in luxury, but now they feel like beggars due to the sudden change in their circumstances.

turn 1 : In (4), the speaker talks about the possibility of a country with no poverty and states that it's not possible for everyone to avoid poverty. However, if they take the necessary actions, they could reduce poverty significantly. The implied meaning is that the speaker is committed to reducing poverty and improving economic opportunities for everyone.

turn 1 : "address the growing inequality crisis" - Literal meaning: to deal with the issue of inequality that is becoming more severe. Actual meaning: to take measures to reduce the gap between the rich and poor and provide support for those who are struggling.

turn 1 : Artists are portraying Obama as a symbol of hope


turn 1 : In (1), the speaker talks about their life experiences, representing people who didn't have much and fighting against powerful corporate interests. The speaker believes that everyone should have the same opportunities and not have the ladder pulled out from behind them. The implied meaning is that hard work and fighting for justice can lead to success, and that it's important to ensure that everyone has equal opportunities.

turn 1 : Different artworks represent Obama as a hope for urban life.

turn 1 : "economic divide" is a metaphorical expression used to refer to the growing gap between the wealthy and the poor in San Francisco. The term "divide" implies a separation or gap between two things, but in this context, it is not meant to be taken literally.


No, because the guys used to sit on the porch and play their guitars and (unintelligible). And then would beat to the tap of their foot. So I kind of adapted that tanta-ta-tan-tum, tanta-ta-tan-tum(ph). I mean, because - I mean, my people - my relatives, most of them were from Jackson, Mississippi. So when they migrated to Indianapolis, they kind of brought a lot of that feeling.

When he said write a hit, that one song people know me all over the world, in Russia, Africa, Japan, all over the world, people, the first thing they say when they see me, "Red Clay. "

In the course of your career, you had, obviously, highs and you had some lows, and they've been described as personal problems. Without going into detail, are we to assume that those problems were substance abuse related?

Well, substance abuse, I wouldn't really say I had a problem with that. I mean, I would say that at one period in the '70s, I started partying, I was in Hollywood A-list(ph). And everybody would come up there, I mean, all kind of movie stars, all kind of football stars, basketball stars, actors. And I had a spot right there in (unintelligible) overlooking the (unintelligible). And the people that I had coming up there - now, the substance abuse, it was around because a lot of people who would come to see me would bring it. But I would never really say I had a habit or anything like that.

turn 0 : The home became where the family would all get together at and where they felt the most love.

turn 0 : Implied meaning: This turn's use of humor or sarcasm may indicate a deeper subtext or intention, highlighting the potential for indirect communication to convey complex messages.

turn 0 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using humor or sarcasm to make a point or convey a message in a lighthearted way.

turn 0 : My relatives brought the feeling of Jackson, Mississippi to Indianapolis.

turn 0 : (4) implies that the speaker is being sarcastic or making a joke in response to the other person's comment.


turn 1 : "I wrote 'Red Clay'" implies that the speaker was not initially interested in writing a commercial hit, but ended up doing so at the urging of someone else.

turn 1 : (2): Implied meaning: Would the energy companies be opposed to this idea?

turn 1 : The topic of energy is crucial to our world's future and has significant impacts on policy decisions, including war.

turn 1 : Being the dominant power in space can deter others from challenging us in that domain.

turn 1 :  "Red Clay" is the song that made me famous.


turn 2 : My lows were not due to substance abuse.

turn 2 : Men are more likely to engage in dangerous drug use without help from another person.

turn 2 : Moving to a different source of energy is necessary and a major difference between the two candidates

turn 2 : having an energy crash implies that a person runs out of energy all of a sudden.

turn 2 : Not taking action to prevent something harmful from happening is wrong.


turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker has some reservations or doubts about the situation being discussed.

turn 2 : A is advocating for social and political change.

turn 2 : They want to know if the seriousness of the situation makes the government appear to be bad to the public.

turn 2 : There were some personal problems, and he is trying to understand the reason behind them without being too direct.

turn 2 : A implies that the process of political maneuvering can be absurd and comical to an outside observer.


turn 3 : People brought substance abuse to my parties, but I never had a habit.

turn 3 : Functioning addicts hide their addiction while carrying on with daily life.

turn 3 : Despite medical advancement, limited treatment options force us to use outdated and toxic drugs.

turn 3 : The Trump administration wants drug companies to lower their prices.

turn 3 : The severity of the opioid crisis affects people of all backgrounds and has far-reaching consequences.


I was shocked by that on a number of levels. You know, the first thing that shocked people about the call, obviously, is the notion of the president withholding military aid and trying to bully the Ukrainians into doing personal favors. This is, obviously, a big deal. But in the middle of all that, what struck me and, as I say, even shocked me was his willingness to disparage our ambassador to Ukraine in a call with a foreign leader, referring to her as the woman and saying she was bad news and then vaguely but, frankly, ominously saying to the president of Ukraine that she was going to go through some things.

Let's give her name. It's Marie Yovanovitch. Tell us about her. What's her reputation in the diplomatic community?

So Marie Yovanovitch - and she goes by Masha. Masha was one of the most respected and longstanding members of our foreign service. She has, I think, been in the foreign service for over 30 years, served all around the world and most recently and in the most senior positions, obviously, as ambassador to Ukraine, until she was removed prematurely in May, but before that, also ambassador to Armenia and ambassador to Kyrgyzstan.

The State Department has said that the ambassador concluded her three-year diplomatic assignment in Kyiv as planned, that there was no kind of retribution or she was not yanked back unceremoniously. Why are there doubts on that in the diplomatic community?

turn 0 : The person was surprised greatly by the information and it affected many of their thoughts and emotions. They were not struck but what they saw made them notice it and think about it more.

turn 0 : The story was told to people and many became aware of it.

turn 0 : (4) implies that Rachel Harvey is grateful for the opportunity to be a part of the conversation and she appreciates the invitation.

turn 0 : This turn does not have an implied meaning different from its literal meaning. It is a straightforward expression of gratitude towards Laura Sydell, the NPR correspondent.

turn 0 : The actual meaning of turn 3 is "Thank you for joining us and providing information on the topic."


turn 3 : The comment made by 'she' had a significant impact on A

turn 3 : how she became herself implies the story of her discovery and success

turn 3 : She was not quickly recalled to her country without any warning.

turn 3 : She was able to rise above her difficult circumstances and become a successful artist despite her hardships.

turn 3 : A implies that her knowledge of business helps her manage the financial aspects of her career as a comedienne.


Absolutely. It's going to be an incredible weekend. We have saxophone competition which we'll be talking about. But as a part of the competition, we also have a major tribute concert each year and this year, it's dedicated to B. B. King and to the blues. The blues have had a huge influence on jazz, and we established last year an education program in Mississippi Delta called 'The Blues and Jazz, Two American Classics,' which is the theme of this weekend. And there, we worked with young kids and really introduced them, originally in the Mississippi Delta to their great roots and heritage and the life of B. B. King, who is from Indianola.

And then from there, that program has branched out nationally and we have public school programs in Memphis and Chicago, Kansas City daily. But with B. B. King this weekend, we're bringing a large array of artist to pay tribute to him. We've got everybody from Keb Mo and Robert Cray to the great Joe Louis Walker. Bono and The Edge are coming in to represent the rock community.

That's great.

And from the jazz community, it's Herbie Hancock, Wayne Shorter and many others. And we'll all be paying tribute to B. B. and his great influence on especially jazz music.

turn 3 : to pay tribute means to do something respectfully to someone else

turn 3 : The literal meaning of this turn is that the person being addressed has kept a lot of people warm and safe throughout the year and is being thanked for it. The figurative meaning, however, is that the person being addressed has done something good or helpful for others and is being appreciated for it, but not necessarily in a literal sense of keeping them warm and safe.

turn 3 : Life is going to be a challenge due to reduced circumstances.

turn 3 : A is worried that he will face more difficulties in the upcoming games.

turn 3 : He does not have many ways to solve the problems as of yet.


Well, yes, he was. Later I found out what he was really brilliant at, which was lying. He had a physics degree, a mathematics degree and an economics degree, I think, from three different Ivy League colleges. So, why doubt him?Especially once you've seen the props. Once you've seen the art, you buy the person.

He'd married to a successful woman named Sandy who paid all the bills. How could this smart woman be with this fraud?

I can only answer that question by telling you why I bought this fraud. He was charming. He had a story that explained everything. And so when she came into his life, he had perfected his act to the extent that he'd anticipated every question, had an answer for everything. So, it's like a magic trick. After you know how it works, it seems so obvious. But when it happening, you're enchanted.

There was a moment when he gave you the personal phone number of the president, and I forget what the occasion was - but he said go ahead, try it. You'll get him directly.

turn 0 : has a literal meaning of "Yes, the numbers aren't looking good for the person," but its actual meaning is "It looks like the person isn't likely to succeed."

turn 0 : B is amused at the situation, showing empathy for the people who sent the probe.

turn 0 :  (2) implies that B is wondering what the latest news or developments are in the situation,

turn 0 : "Once you've seen the props. Once you've seen the art, you buy the person." - This turn is using figurative language. It means that when someone puts on a convincing performance, it can be easy to believe in them even if they are not trustworthy.

turn 0 : B is impressed or surprised by what A said.


turn 3 : It does not seem clear on whether Trump made the phone call or received it

turn 3 : "He gave you the personal phone number of the president, and I forget what the occasion was - but he said go ahead, try it. You'll get him directly." - This turn is using hyperbole. It means that the fraudster was so convincing that he made the speaker believe he had access to the president's personal phone number. It is unlikely that the president would give out their personal phone number to a stranger.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be conveying a hidden message or agenda that requires further exploration or analysis to fully understand.

turn 3 : Although the literal meaning of this turn is simply an acknowledgement or agreement, the implied meaning behind it is that the speaker may not be fully engaged or interested in the conversation. It could be interpreted as a way of signaling disinterest or a desire to move on to a different topic.

turn 3 : The literal meaning of turn (2) is a question asking what the speaker can add to the race that other candidates do not already have. However, the actual meaning is that the speaker is being challenged to prove their value and justify their entry into the race. The literal meaning of the turn does not reflect the underlying challenge and skepticism expressed by the speaker.


Something happened that I am deeply superstitious about, which is that I was editing the sort of final, final draft of the novel to send out before publishers, and it was night time. And suddenly my vision went white, and I had this incredible pain in my face. And it turned out what had happened was that lightning had hit the barn we were staying in, and it had gone through all of the electrical boxes. And it went up through my computer and through my headphones that were plugged in, into the side of my face. And that was not great, but it did save the document 'cause I think I grounded the electricity. Anyway. . .

(Laughter).

Well, all of this to say that I'm very, very superstitious about this, and I believe that the lightning gave me good luck with the book.

Yeah (laughter).

turn 1 : the literal meaning is that the other person laughs in response to something that was said.

turn 1 : The turns (2) and (4) are both expressions of laughter, which implies that the speaker is amused by the story being told, rather than the literal meaning of making a noise.

turn 1 : A is sharing a personal anecdote about how their parents met, which involves the jazz funk band Fungus Blues

turn 1 : the musicians actually created a spark in the speaker's imagination, but the figurative meaning is that the musicians inspired the speaker's creativity.

turn 1 : The cello plays a significant role in the album.


As a matter of fact, some of the Newark city council came to New York and also spoke with African-American politicians up in Albany about this guy's record. And that (unintelligible) pretty thoroughly.

Now, let me - we don't have too much time left, so I just want to ask you this. Is this a situation - you've obviously chosen to profile Mayor Booker - is this a situation where he has a political future outside of Newark?Do you se him moving in a direction where he will eventually run for some other office?

I think he absolutely means to. And I think he is one - all politicians brim with ambition, and he is no exception. I think he has chosen for himself a nearly impossible task. And if he manages to pull that off, it's a pretty solid credential.

All right. Peter Boyer, thanks so much.

Certainly.

turn 1 : Mayor Booker prioritizes actions over words as a leader.

turn 1 : The administration does not move forward physically but initiates plans to deal with immigration.

turn 1 :  to ask if Booker has a political future outside of Newark implies that he may have ambitions beyond his current role as mayor of the city.

turn 1 : The president is trying to divert attention away from negative news about him and his administration

turn 1 : They are worried about any negative consequences of their actions and will fix them quickly.


All right. Peter Boyer, thanks so much.

Certainly.

turn 2 : A is worried that he will face more difficulties in the upcoming games.

turn 2 : They mean that this is not a small way of being associated with Russia.

turn 2 : - to say that Booker has chosen for himself a nearly impossible task implies that he has set himself a difficult challenge which will require a great deal of effort and determination to succeed.

turn 2 : Implies that A is being asked if the progress made involves any change in Russian behavior or policy.

turn 2 : Russia will try to get more people to join the military together.


Thank you. How are you?

I'm pretty good. Thank you. You must be stuck like glue on this, but, you know, you've played in three World Cups, including one of the wins for the U. S.  team in 1999. How would you describe what it's like to be out there on that field in that final game?

It's exhilarating, to be honest with you. And it's really interesting for me to watch on TV because on the game days, I feel similar to how I used to feel when I played just because I really still feel a kinship and a connection to the current team, even though it's been many years since I played. But I feel we're all connected and inspired by each other.

Well, what are your thoughts on this current team?

turn 1 : to watch someone play means to watch them perform

turn 1 : They are not asking for a lot of really expensive items.

turn 1 : The person must be watching every moment and every detail of the games.

turn 1 : Indicating that they are priceless means that they have high value.

turn 1 : The shortage of corn may lead to a price increase in the market.


Thank you. How are you?

turn 1 : pinning it on someone refers to someone else having to take the consequences for something

turn 1 : stuck like glue means to be attached to something, be it a particular issue or a person

turn 1 : The balloons location around the planet forms a circle.

turn 1 :  In turn (4), the speaker describes the birds "flying" in the wind tunnel with the wind blowing in their faces, which is not a literal description of flight but rather an approximation of the experience.

turn 1 : This statement implies that the advanced drones are being more appreciated unlike aircrafts.


All right. A lot to discuss, I think. What do you make of the president's reaction to this book, from the press conference to Twitter to a cease-and-desist order to the book's publisher?

Well, I'll say it's classic Trump in that it is probably self-destructive - certainly not in the president and the White House's best interest to do so - but also entirely predictable. This is a man who has sort of built his entire public career around being involved in media spats like this. I think it was a - it was certainly a mistake initially for the president to issue a statement, as he did on Wednesday when these excerpts first started coming out.

Now the White House is trying to say - basically, since that very moment - saying that the book is tabloid trash, that there are a lot of problems. And I agree. There are a lot of problems with the credibility of the book. But that initial reaction and the engagement with the book has, I think, made this story even bigger than it already would have been.

And the book a best-seller. I mean, you know. . .

turn 1 : The president's reaction is self-destructive, but predictable due to his past involvement in media spats.

turn 1 : The president thinks that the media is out to ruin him and makes them out to be evil.

turn 1 : "covering the Middle East" implies assigned to the Middle East for journalistic duties.

turn 1 : (4) A: This is very standard stuff. (implied meaning: This type of disagreement between Iran and Saudi Arabia is not unusual or surprising.)

turn 1 :  B: What do you read into Iran's outspoken criticism of Saudi Arabia over these deaths? (implied meaning: What do you think is the underlying meaning behind Iran's criticism of Saudi Arabia?)


It's good to be here, Tony.

You know, you've been getting pretty hot under the collar about this issue, I understand. Why is it such a concern for you?

It's a concern for me because it's a misunderstanding that a lot of ex-convicts have. If you have a felony it has been in the past that often states do restrict or disenfranchise those who have a felony conviction. Those laws have changed over the years, and now in most states it's no longer the case, or there are means by which you can get your civil rights back. But a lot of people - a lot of ex-convicts or felons that I knew that ended up in my court system simply rested on the false notion that they did not have the ability to vote. And that ended and that kept them from further embracing or engaging in the community, and kept them separate, and apart, and not where they needed to be.

Is it a situation where an ex-felon is allowed - is entitled to have his or her voting rights restored, but the process by which those voting rights are restored is so cumbersome that they either don't know about it or they don't go through it?

turn 0 : It is reassuring to be accepted and welcomed here by Tony.

turn 0 : Expressing gratitude for the invitation and glad to be here.

turn 0 : None of the turns in this statement have a figurative or non-literal meaning. The speaker is describing a specific case they worked on and their role in collecting and analyzing physical evidence related to the crime.

turn 0 : Implied meaning: The speaker's tone and word choice suggest that they may be withholding information or expressing something indirectly, potentially due to fear of judgement or repercussions.

turn 0 : The turn "Literally, I went to the scene of the crime" is meant to be taken at face value as a statement about the speaker physically going to the location where a crime was committed. There is no figurative or non-literal meaning to this turn.


It's good to be here, Tony.

turn 0 : wait a minute usually means they are taken aback by something and need to process it

turn 0 : A is unhappy that their music is not receiving as much attention as other artists.2. B is trying to console A by mentioning that they have received praise from Vibe Magazine.

turn 0 : B is still focused on the current project and has not thought about the next album yet.

turn 0 : The speaker is mentioning a song that reflects their current emotions.

turn 0 : under the collar implies very much concerned and restless about the situation


It's good to be here, Tony.

turn 2 : The ex-convicts need to take an active role in the community and become more involved in order to get their civil rights back.

turn 2 : The prison industry has become too expensive for some states to handle and rehabilitation is a possible solution

turn 2 : The literal meaning: The expert states that in Afghan culture, the described actions are perceived as highly offensive. The implied meaning: The expert implies that such actions are universally considered offensive and not limited to Afghan culture.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using a metaphor or analogy to convey a deeper meaning or idea, often related to emotions or personal experiences.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using metaphors or analogies to convey a complex idea or emotion in a more relatable or understandable way.


It's good to be here, Tony.

turn 3 : In Virginia, it is difficult to vote early without a valid reason

turn 3 : (1) Implied meaning: Are you suggesting that despite the good things Franklin Roosevelt and Abraham Lincoln did, they were still wrong for certain actions?

turn 3 : The process of restoring voting rights is too complicated and difficult for ex-felons to understand or complete.

turn 3 : The story was told to people and many became aware of it.

turn 3 : In turn (1), the speaker implies that the big local newspaper was a point of pride and reflection for the community, despite the hostility towards it.


You know, you're helping a lot of people, Mr.  Mayor.

Well, I hope I am. I don't see it, and that's what scares me most of all. We care about everybody. We have to reach out for all of them and try to be successful for them to help them be that support deal for them. It's not a positive day every day, but you have to make it into one.

The mayor of Fulton, Texas, Jimmy Kendrick - thanks so much for being with us, Mr.  Mayor. Good luck to you.

Well, I appreciate it. And just keep us in your prayers. It's always nice to have a prayer given for us.

turn 1 : The mayor is implicitly expressing his fear that he may not be helping as many people as he hopes he is, even though he is trying his best to reach out to them and provide them with the support they need.

turn 1 : The implied meaning of (2) is to ask why the mayor is not taking responsibility for his actions and resigning, rather than asking why he isn't simply stepping away from the role.

turn 1 : It doesn't come  into play physically. The statue is used during this time.

turn 1 : They think it does make the government look bad to the public.

turn 1 : People are starting to notice and take action on the issue.


turn 1 : The information does not boil down, but it gets to the most practical facts.

turn 1 : There is a lot of opinion-sharing happening during the convention.

turn 1 : The verdict is a powerful landmark as genocide is difficult to prove in court

turn 1 : (2) "I don't see it, and that's what scares me most of all" - This implies that the mayor is feeling uncertain about the outcome of his actions, which is different from the literal meaning of the sentence.


turn 3 :  the literal meaning is that the host is thanking the guest for being with them. However, the actual meaning is that the host is ending the interview and thanking the guest for participating.

turn 3 :  The mayor is thanking the interviewer for their support and asking them to keep them in their prayers, which goes beyond the literal meaning of his words.

turn 3 : There was almost a competition for who had the authority of the the situation.

turn 3 : It was a game where the players fought with each other more than played the game.

turn 3 : They would not do bad things were most people would find out about them.


turn 3 : (4) "Just keep us in your prayers" - This implies that the mayor is asking for support from those listening, which is different from the literal meaning of the sentence.

turn 3 : The passage is written in a dialect of English, and the words used have a literal meaning that may be different from standard English. The actual meaning of the passage is a prayer asking for God's blessings, forgiveness of sins, and protection from evil, expressed in a language that is culturally and regionally specific.

turn 3 : "That's Dr. Steven Loyd. He's based in Nashville, Tenn. Thanks for talking with us."  The literal meaning of this turn is simply an introduction to Dr. Steven Loyd. The implied meaning is that the interview has ended and the interviewer is thanking Dr. Loyd for his time and participation.

turn 3 : is asking James Harbeck why he chose this particular topic to research.

turn 3 :  implies that the investigators used information from the traffickers to further investigate the route of the people who survived the tragedies.


The flaws that one makes, that one has, are more apparent. The mistakes one makes are more apparent when you've died. The sweet scent of marjoram sweeps away all the contradictions, but yet Jesse Jackson has been the most extraordinary rhetorical genius to articulate the vision, the virtue, and the value of black life in the American public square.

Al Sharpton has emerged in the last few years. Reverend Al Sharpton himself sees himself as part of the legacy of Martin Luther King Jr. , but at the same time, he worked up north, Dr.  King worked down south. Jessie Jackson, of course, worked in Chicago. And these two gentlemen then challenged some of the prevailing forms of oppression in the midst of a northern culture that had not yet tested its commitment to civil rights.

And Jesse Jackson and Al Sharpton forced them to grapple with it. Jackson in Chicago, Sharpton in New York, especially focusing on police brutality and forms of white mob violence directed against vulnerable black people. Barack Obama…

And then - yeah, Barack Obama has a sort of different place in the…

turn 0 : All the turns in this conversation appear to have their literal meanings, and there are no metaphors, figurative language or idioms used.

turn 0 : In (4), the speaker is implying that more people are choosing to vote early, not because they have to, but because they want to.

turn 0 : (2) Implied meaning: Get enough votes to pass the legislation, no matter the number of votes required.

turn 0 : People are uncertain about their vote in this election, and are hesitant to support either the Republican or Democratic candidate.

turn 0 : The literal meaning of this phrase is that the scent of marjoram can be used to mask contradictions. The actual meaning, however, is unclear and seems to be a metaphor or poetic expression that may require further context or interpretation.


turn 2 : : "Yup. Much like Martin Luther King, he had his young life cut short by gunfire from a white assassin." Implied meaning: "The person being discussed was a prominent figure in the fight for equality, and was assassinated for his beliefs."

turn 2 : B is not really interested in what A is wearing and is just making small talk.

turn 2 : The literal meaning of this sentence is that Jesse Jackson and Al Sharpton forced people to confront an issue. The actual meaning, however, is that these two individuals were vocal and prominent in their advocacy for civil rights and specifically addressing issues of police brutality and violence against black people.

turn 2 : B finds something amusing or funny, but it's not clear what

turn 2 : B is trying to express that love still exists despite some setbacks


How - let me just change gears because the title of your book is "Energy for Future Presidents: The Science Behind the Headlines. "The last time you were on, you were talking about physics for future presidents. We're in a presidential debate year. Do you think this should be an issue, the talk about global climate change and global warming?

Oh I - energy, there's nothing more important in our world than the future of energy. We start wars over energy. Events like Fukushima and the Gulf oil spill have too much influence in our policy. We have to sit back and be thoughtful and think: What can we do?

For the case of global warming, I do believe we should take action, but most of the action that people are suggesting will not address the problem, and so we have to get the energy policy right. It has to be based in science and engineering and technology.

And what should that policy be?What should we do?

turn 0 : The topic of energy is crucial to our world's future and has significant impacts on policy decisions, including war.

turn 0 : We are already committed to climate change, so we need to focus on adapting to it.

turn 0 : "It's a big, tall woman with a terrible voice. And of course, that was Julia." - The literal meaning of this turn is a description of Julia's physical appearance and voice, but the actual meaning is that A is identifying Julia as the woman they were discussing earlier.

turn 0 : This turn does not have an implied meaning different from its literal meaning. It is a straightforward expression of gratitude towards Laura Sydell, the NPR correspondent.

turn 0 : implies that A has endorsed Hillary Clinton and believes she effectively addresses the issues.


Well. . .

UNIDENTIFIED MAN #3: What differences when this occured?

Would it be the safest places to be like I mentioned before?

It would certainly be the safest place to be, and it would actually feel much like a joyride. The difference is that you're not necessarily planning on it.

turn 2 : The speaker is hinting that the situation is difficult or complex.

turn 2 :  (2) is a metaphor that implies the speaker was impressed by the announcer's ability to quickly and accurately recite all the names of the horses.

turn 2 :  The turn of phrase whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning is:  (2) "out of the gate" - in this context, it means how well the horse starts the race from the starting gate, rather than literally coming out of a gate.

turn 2 : It was not dominoes but horses that began to fall in the race.

turn 2 : The speaker is suggesting that the situation might not be as serious or dangerous as it initially seemed.


Not initially.

No?It didn't come in handy?

Yeah. I mean, you would think that would be an easy thing, but man, you know, that's why they have somebody for that. You know, it definitely becomes a thing trying to get people out their trailer. They're nice and comfy.

Well, did you have any other experiences in the NFL that kind of helped prepare you for the role you do now?I'm taking not doing hair probably doing - doing hair probably wasn't one of those tasks since you all wear helmets, but. . .

Yeah. I mean, but look. You know, I had natural hair. You know, I remember when I was in the league, I had my hair long enough to where it could be braided. And, you know, every week I'd have to go and get it worked on and stuff. So, you know, I think for both men and women it's definitely something that's a big part of our life. But, you know, in terms of the connection between NFL and filmmaking, it's all very team-oriented.

turn 2 : The launch is a complex and difficult task that requires precise coordination between multiple sites.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: Although there may be variations in how people interpret it, the speaker is fairly confident that a significant number of individuals will understand that there is an underlying or implicit message conveyed through this turn. The meaning might not be immediately apparent and could require additional context, but the speaker believes that most people will recognize that there is a subtext or insinuation.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using subtext or implications to communicate something that they don't feel comfortable saying outright, but the listener may need to read between the lines to understand their true meaning.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be hinting at a deeper meaning or intention behind their words or actions, which requires further investigation or understanding to fully grasp.

turn 2 : Getting people out of their trailers is a difficult task.


Yeah, they weren't the sharpest.

All right, so now tell us about the most powerful horse in history. And this, as I understand it, goes all the way back to Roman times?

Right. This was, I think, the most politically influential horse. So it was proudly Incitatus, which is the horse of the Roman emperor Caligula. And according to historians of the time, his stable was made of marble, he had a collar of gemstones and his meals were oats mixed with gold flakes. And senators were forced to dine with him. And according to legend, Caligula planned to appoint him counsel before the emperor was assassinated. So it's almost as bizarre as the 2016 United States presidential election.

(Laughter) A. J. , I have to say, at least when it comes to horse racing, you got your money out of reading that Encyclopedia Britannica.

(Laughter).

turn 3 :  (2) is a metaphor that implies the speaker was impressed by the announcer's ability to quickly and accurately recite all the names of the horses.

turn 3 : to imagine something in this context means something was unbelievable to the person but it still happened

turn 3 : (Laughter) A.J., I have to say, at least when it comes to horse racing, you got your money out of reading that Encyclopedia Britannica.  Implicated meaning: B is using figurative language to convey that A.J. gained a lot of valuable knowledge or useful information about horse racing by reading the Encyclopedia Britannica. It suggests that A.J.'s extensive reading paid off in terms of his understanding of the topic, rather than implying he literally received money.  (5) A: (Laughter)

turn 3 :  (4) is an expression of surprise. The implied meaning is an expression of admiration.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is hinting at a deeper or hidden motive or intention behind their actions or words.


Yes, we've had our wine chosen by the White House twice, most recently just over a week ago.

Now, that must feel incredible. But you also have, you know, obviously a much wider market. How did you get into this business in the first place?

From the roots of a lot of African-Americans. My grandfather was a farmer in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and my father was - and my grandfather were home wine-makers, basically. In the old days in the country, you grew your own vegetables to eat, you raised your own cattle or chickens if you enjoyed those things or wanted those things, and if you wanted alcohol you made your own wine or different alcohols.

It's a far cry from doing this as something that you drink yourself to doing it as the kind of business you have. And it's still a family business, isn't it?

turn 1 : People feel intimidated by the specialized wine culture.

turn 1 : Starting a wine-making business is a significant achievement.

turn 1 : at certain points refers to periods in time

turn 1 : People are starting to notice and take action on the issue.

turn 1 : It's like watching something awful approach people and not be able to stop it.


The director of the U. S.  Census Bureau, John H.  Thompson, announced his retirement this week in the wake of a disagreement with Congress over funding for the 2020 census. The census is conducted every 10 years. The results determine how many seats in Congress and electoral votes that each state receives, and it helps guide how more than $400 billion is spent each year on education, health and infrastructure.

We're joined now by Robert Groves. He's former director of the U. S.  Census Bureau. He's now the provost of Georgetown University. Mr.  Groves, thanks so much for being with us.

Good morning. Great to be with you.

Congress has approved nearly $1. 5 billion to fund the census this fiscal year, and it's supposed to be the same for next year. Is that enough?

turn 0 : The closer it gets to the census, more money needs to be spent

turn 0 : The disagreement with Congress over funding for the 2020 census could have implications for the accuracy and reliability of the census results.

turn 0 : What matters is how the song makes a person feels and how it sounds.

turn 0 : The speaker is emotionally moved by the lyrics of the song.

turn 0 :  is to sing, but the implied meaning is to not take the conversation in the direction being presented.


Good morning. Great to be with you.

turn 1 :  (2) Implies that the speaker is asking if the person they are talking to has anyone that helps them verify the facts that they are gathering.

turn 1 : It is better to be transparent about the negative aspects.

turn 1 :  (2) implies that Mr. Groves is joining the conversation for the purpose of providing his expertise on the topic.


Good morning. Great to be with you.

turn 2 : The census results are of great importance to the allocation of resources in the United States.

turn 2 : The closer it gets to the census, more money needs to be spent

turn 2 : Race may not be used by some big states in college admissions.

turn 2 : This implies the level of Racial discrimination on Campuses.

turn 2 : The white college kid may be able to get away with a lighter sentence due to their access to resources and legal representation, while a kid from the inner city will not have the same opportunity.


Good morning. Great to be with you.

turn 3 : (4) implies that Congress' budget for the census may be insufficient for the project.

turn 3 : The closer it gets to the census, more money needs to be spent

turn 3 : Qatar believes that by winning over people that President Trump listens to, he might change his mind on supporting the Saudi-led economic blockade of Qatar.

turn 3 : There may be a need for more transparency in lobbying for foreign interests.

turn 3 : People are starting to notice and take action on the issue.


No, no, no. We have also identified 39 other states that have been impacted crimewise by our kits that were found in Detroit. They're not all rape cases. We also have some homicides, some other types of cases that testing rape kits will also help to solve.

What have you discovered might help processing this huge number of rape kits?You need more money, personnel - what do you need?

Well, when we first started, there really was no road map. So we kind of had to put it together ourselves. And the first thing that is of notice, Detroit was a near-bankrupt city. And so we had no money. At that time, it cost anywhere from $1,200 to $1,500 per kit back in '09 to test them. So we're looking at a multimillion-dollar problem just to get them tested. And it doesn't do any good to test them all if you're not going to follow up and investigate and prosecute them like you should have done - or like it should've been done - when this first happened. So those are the challenges we are facing. But my first challenge is basically begging and pleading with foundations, with Detroit businessmen and -women, with the general public - to basically fund the project.

Did you run into resistance from people who said, look, this sounds like a good thing to do, but Detroit's a city filled with good things to do?

turn 1 : There is a significant backlog of untested rape kits in the country.

turn 1 : The implied meaning of (2): What resources do you need to help process the huge number of rape kits?

turn 1 : Qatar believes that by winning over people that President Trump listens to, he might change his mind on supporting the Saudi-led economic blockade of Qatar.

turn 1 : There may be a need for more transparency in lobbying for foreign interests.

turn 1 : the democrats did everything they could to make it look bipartisan.


Have they created new numbers?I mean, what kind of mystery can there be about this when, as far as I'm concerned, I thought all the numbers had already been assigned.

Ah. But it's like gossiping about your friends. It's not the fact that you have the friends, it's things you learn about them that you didn't know and you think, wow, have they been doing this all that time?

I'm surprised you have any friends after that, but go ahead.

I'm losing them as I speak, I realize that. What was really exciting about this was until, I think it was maybe April or May of this year, nobody had been able to prove that there were infinitely many of these pairs. And the question's been around for - in a sense, it's been around for thousands of years. It's been looked at in detail for 100 years. No one really came close to proving it. But then in May, this adjunct faculty member at the University of New Hampshire got pretty close by mathematical standards.

turn 3 : "What was really exciting about this was until, I think it was maybe April or May of this year, nobody had been able to prove that there were infinitely many of these pairs."

turn 3 : something that was hinted at or suggested, but not directly stated.

turn 3 : Obama missed the chance to claim his bi-racialness.

turn 3 : People who usually would vote for the Republican candidate are considering voting for Hillary Clinton instead.

turn 3 : People may try to give misleading information to black people during an election.


The show was political. I mean, it didn't shy away from really difficult issues, took sharp aim at President Trump on several occasions. Did that play into Netflix's decision to cancel it, do we have any idea?

I don't get any sense that Netflix canceled it over the political content. If anything, the political content is one of the reasons why they treated this cancellation a bit differently and a bit more gently than they ordinarily do - because there were not a lot of shows out there about a Latin American family with a predominantly Latinx cast dealing with these issues about immigration, LGBTQ issues. You know, every episode has some kind of hot-button subject. You know, one of the characters is a recovering alcoholic. Another has PTSD from serving in the military. So it touched on a lot of things.

And that was one of the things the audience loved about it. I don't think, based on a lot of the other content Netflix has, that that would have been a reason to get rid of it. I think it was purely a financial decision or, you know, whatever the finances actually were.

And the show can't just get plucked up by someone else.

turn 0 : He says it's incumbent on the press and on the media not to make it easy for celebrities to have these terribly serious transgressions alleged and be able to skate by on their charm, on their fame, on their accomplishments outside the arena of these allegations."  Implicated meaning: The speaker is emphasizing the responsibility of the press and media to hold celebrities accountable for their serious wrongdoings, rather than allowing them to escape scrutiny based on their charisma, reputation, or achievements unrelated to the allegations.

turn 0 : Implicated meaning: The political content of the show may have played a role in its cancellation by Netflix.

turn 0 : The person in question is not willing to resign from his position despite the controversy surrounding him

turn 0 : It is being implied that if everyone resigns he will be the new leader.

turn 0 : There were some personal problems, and he is trying to understand the reason behind them without being too direct.


turn 1 : The literal meaning of the turn only provides information about the showrunners, but the actual meaning involves the compromise and the speaker's feelings about it.

turn 1 : The speaker is implying that their protests might elevate beyond peaceful methods if they don't get what they think they deserve.

turn 1 : In (3), the speaker is implying that just because there hasn't been a terrorist attack yet, it doesn't mean that there won't be one in the future.

turn 1 : Implicated meaning: The political content of the show is one of the reasons why Netflix treated the cancellation differently and more gently than they typically do. The show dealt with many sensitive and relevant topics, making it unique and important for representation.

turn 1 : In (4), the speaker is implying that the U.S. is not necessarily looking forward to the fall of Assad, but rather is trying to prepare for it.


turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker might be implying a hidden agenda or ulterior motive behind their words, actions, or decisions, without making it explicit.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be suggesting that there are some hidden or unknown factors that could influence the situation being discussed.

turn 2 : (2) Implies that Republicans are avoiding talking about gun policy and are only willing to talk about it on Fox News, suggesting that they are being disingenuous in their approach.

turn 2 :  can be interpreted as a way to ask for an explanation for the sudden increase in homicides, not just a question about what has happened.

turn 2 : Implicated meaning: The audience loved the show because it tackled difficult and relevant topics. The cancellation was likely due to financial reasons rather than the political content.


turn 3 : "we'll have to leave it there" implies that the tv show is over.

turn 3 : Growing up in an impoverished neighborhood hindered A's path to become a medical doctor.

turn 3 : The show cannot be picked up by another network or platform, indicating a potential end to the series.

turn 3 : Being good at something is not enough for success.

turn 3 : The professor's enthusiasm for medicine and knowledge about the human body made A interested in pursuing a career in medicine.


About the South, I think what's missing is an attention to the ways that we have progressed but the paradox of that progress here for many folks. We're not getting to those deep structures because the South is so glittery now. We have Starbucks, and we have Whole Foods. And there are cranes in the sky, as Solange Knowles would say, all across the South. We're in the newest New South. There are lots of stories about growth and progress. But, again, at what cost?On whose backs?

And so about Memphis, I think what we miss is that because we have seemingly healed in the form of a museum, in the form of commemoration, in the form of reckoning with this assassination that we're on the upswing, that we're moving forward. But as I mentioned earlier, I feel that time has stood still and gone backwards and circled around us in a lot of ways here and that what gets missed is that there are people in the middle of this play of politics, in the middle of this history who are crushed but that still are striving in ways that are remarkable and beautiful. There is joy. There is dancing. There is singing. Sometimes, I hop into a church just to hear the sounds of joy that come out. And I think that gets lost in the way that we talk about the city in the national media.

Zandria Robinson is a sociology professor at Rhodes College and a Memphis native. Thank you very much.

Thank you.

turn 0 : There is a problem with gun violence in America.

turn 0 : Climate change is a significant issue in people's opinions and politics

turn 0 : Despite the progress and growth in the South, there are still underlying issues that need to be addressed.

turn 0 : We are already committed to climate change, so we need to focus on adapting to it.

turn 0 : The idea of climate change is not new but our understanding of it has improved.


Thank you.

turn 1 : Memphis has a rich culture and community that is often overlooked in national media coverage.

turn 1 : Atlanta has contributed significantly to the music industry.

turn 1 : There are dangers that cause problems by doing these polls.

turn 1 : You get a rise in the number of people supporting you on a poll.

turn 1 : (2) "Does President Trump, after this week, have the confidence in Congress and in other quarters of opinion, to lead the country on this and other issues?"


So in 1996, there was something called the Dickey Amendment. And that resulted in federal funding being taken away for gun violence research. Even after Newtown and after President Obama had issued the executive order for the CDC to be able to study the cause of gun violence, there's still been a lot of hesitation to do that. You know, gun violence is responsible for about as many deaths as sepsis is. But funding for gun violence research is equivalent to 0. 7 percent of the funding that's allocated for sepsis. When you think about this in the big picture, we have such a public health crisis that we're dealing with yet not enough research and evidence that's being put into the system to figure out how we can develop solutions that are going to really make a difference.

You've actually experienced this from the other end. You were shot when you were 17. Tell me what happened.

After a high school football game one evening, I was nearly killed after being shot in the throat with a 38-caliber bullet. A lot of 17-year-olds don't appreciate the fact that they're mortal, don't realize, you know, kind of the importance of their family and other aspects like that. And when that injury happened to me, it really changed my life. It inspired me to want to be able to give other people the same second chance that I was given.

Dr.  Joseph Sakran is the director of Emergency General Surgery at Johns Hopkins Hospital. Thank you so much.

turn 0 : The speaker believes in the science of climate change and will not compromise on evidence-based reality, but thinks the conversation needs to be framed differently

turn 0 : Gun violence is a major public health crisis but there is not enough funding for research to develop solutions

turn 0 : (2) implies that the media environment is desperate for viewers, and so it chooses to show people yelling at each other instead of presenting the science of climate change in an informative way.

turn 0 : "Global warming?" - This is a question that implies a possible explanation for the changes discussed in the conversation, but it does not necessarily mean that global warming is the only cause or that it is the direct cause of the changes being discussed.


turn 2 : (3) A: Well, you know, I mean, I'm also a former paramedic, so I have treated lots and lots of gunshot victims and I have investigated lots and lots of gunshot victims, including homicides, obviously. So, it has a profound effect. I mean, I understand what we're really talking about in the literal sense. I've been shot at. I get the trauma of all that. This isn't an academic exercise for me.

turn 2 : The speaker believes in the science of climate change and will not compromise on evidence-based reality, but thinks the conversation needs to be framed differently

turn 2 : Surviving a gunshot inspired me to help others

turn 2 : Climate change is a significant issue in people's opinions and politics

turn 2 : (2) implies that the media environment is desperate for viewers, and so it chooses to show people yelling at each other instead of presenting the science of climate change in an informative way.


Well, that would be an interesting question. Right now, we make a decision. We say we're going to harden particular targets to make them difficult for terrorists to attack. So yes, terrorists do act rationally and choose another target - they choose a less hardened target. The question is whether it could respond very rapidly to changing information.

And what do you say to those people who say - my God, this is hideous?It's blood money.

It is hideous in a sense. It is. There's no question. I share the revulsion of people who say - but people shouldn't profit from this. On the other hand, if allowing people to profit from this, from making these predictions, improved our ability to predict, then it might be something worth trying because of the lives it would save on the other side.

turn 1 : (3): The implication is that intelligence officials have already confirmed the suspicion that ISIS was behind the attacks.

turn 1 : The implied meaning of this turn is that A is implying that the way media is consumed has changed drastically, and this could lead to the failure of the American experiment.

turn 1 : Turn (4): "And it remains to be seen what climate is actually going to do." This response is a figurative way of saying that the future is uncertain and unpredictable. The literal meaning of the words is that the speaker does not know what the climate will do, but the figurative meaning is that the future is always unknown and there are many factors that can influence it.

turn 1 : (2) A: Large terror attacks take a lot of work and a lot of planning. And if the market predicted a high probability of an attack in a particular place, it's not as though it's a trivial matter for a terror group to suddenly switch all of its resources to another place. I'm not suggesting this would work. It would be a tool that would be used alongside other tools. And I'm just suggesting an experiment to see if it can improve the accuracy of intelligence forecast.

turn 1 : "But generally, the average of the reputable polls has been showing Obama steadily in front since about mid-June and picking up some momentum in the last two or three weeks." - This turn has a literal meaning and is also used with its actual meaning.


turn 2 : "the investigation is going to focus on money laundering." - The actual meaning of this turn is literal, as it refers to the literal focus of the investigation on the illegal practice of disguising the proceeds of crime as legitimate funds.

turn 2 : They would not do bad things were most people would find out about them.

turn 2 : All they can do is accept what happened to them before.

turn 2 : you don't really know that much about this.

turn 2 : Implicates that the speaker finds the idea of trading money for information about potential terror attacks morally objectionable.


turn 3 : The speaker needs the help of the Army and DOD to survive because his life is in danger.

turn 3 :  A asks Ben Harper to write another song for her and he ends up writing 11 songs for her album.

turn 3 : The speaker is implying that the song was inspired by wanting to write a stereotypical country song about heartbreak and the wife leaving

turn 3 : Implicates that the speaker is willing to sacrifice certain moral values for the sake of saving lives.

turn 3 : The speaker is singing about a dead person at a funeral


So I shaved my head kind of as a social experiment, you know?And sure enough, no more hey, baby, you know?But suddenly I was public enemy No. 1. People thought I was a skinhead or some kind of punk that was going to break something or steal something.

People were visibly intimidated - which, again, here's a girl moving through the world, craving eye contact, craving human connection, even fleeting connection, passersby, you know?And so the fact that people no longer even would look me in the eye was - it really weighed on me, and it started to accumulate in my chest. Even people who are politely nervous just eventually enraged me.

(Singing) I am not an angry girl, but it seems like I've got everyone fooled. Every time I say something they find hard to hear, they chalk it up to my anger and never to their own fear.

You had - as you talked about in the book, you were struggling with this idea of how to make art and how to sell your art or even if you should.

turn 0 : What people think of him has lessened due to the situation.

turn 0 : Shaving his head affected how people perceived him

turn 0 : The speaker is suggesting that there may be a hidden agenda or underlying motive behind their words.

turn 0 : Implied meaning: The speaker is hinting at an underlying issue or concern that they are not comfortable discussing directly.

turn 0 : People's avoidance made the speaker feel isolated and angry


turn 1 : The speaker is expressing frustration with the limitations imposed on them by their identity.

turn 1 :  (4) implies that the speaker is facing a difficult living situation.

turn 1 : because the speaker said always good to be here

turn 1 : The literal meaning is that the listener doubts that they would tire of hearing from the speaker. The actual meaning is that the listener is being polite and respectful towards the speaker.

turn 1 : People's avoidance made the speaker feel isolated and angry


turn 2 : speaker is talking about the importance of respecting speech that is offensive

turn 2 : He would be fulfilling a government role and Trump makes it look like he does all of the work.

turn 2 : Others attribute the speaker's opinions to anger rather than listening to them

turn 2 : The candidate had something troubling in their past.

turn 2 :  This turn actually means that people should not expect to "love" Donald Trump as the Republican nominee, but should come together as a party to face the challenges that lie ahead.


It will need to come from all of those sources, but it also has to - we have to take into account that the economic policies that are encouraged in things like bio-fuel all drive up the cost of fuel. So trading policies, agricultural policies that force people to engage in a form of agriculture that destroys the land, increase the price of food and pushes us further towards a global crisis.

Well, Bill, thanks so much.

Any time.

Bill Fletcher is a senior scholar with The Institute for Policy Studies and a former president of TransAfrica Forum.

turn 0 : The policies would make drastic changes for the better to the economy.

turn 0 : Economic policies like bio-fuel increase fuel cost and food prices, leading to global crisis.

turn 0 : Being in the media industry is becoming more niche and specialized

turn 0 : The media does not have as much influence over voters as people might think.

turn 0 : News coverage can cause people to pay more attention to things that were happening anyway.


It's a love letter to my mother. I love my mother very, very much. She gave me everything. She was a wonderful mother. She gave me the most magnificent childhood in Edinburgh, and she had no pattern for that. She was suffering so much as a child. She was kept very closeted. Nobody ever told her anything of love. She was very, very solitary, lonely and unhappy child. And yet she invented herself and became this wonderful mother to me.

And at the same time, I felt that her version of events, which was utter doom and terrible villainy, couldn't necessarily be completely true because everybody's version of their story is slightly different.

Of course.

And so I wanted to turn it and turn it like a kaleidoscope to see whether I could see what these people's motives really were. And was it so terrible?

turn 0 : The literal meaning is that the speaker is expressing love and gratitude towards their mother. However, the implied meaning is that the speaker's mother had a difficult childhood and overcame it to become a great parent to the speaker.

turn 0 : The implied meaning is that the person hopes for interaction and engagement between individuals interested in building their family tree or learning about family research, and that they will come across unexpected articles and ideas, leading to interesting discussions and experiences on the site.

turn 0 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer

turn 0 : The speaker is suggesting that there may be a hidden agenda or underlying motive behind their words.

turn 0 :  Implies disbelief in the official explanation for the meeting and wanting a better answer.


Of course.

turn 1 : The literal meaning is that the speaker questions the accuracy of their mother's version of events. The implied meaning is that people have different perspectives and interpretations of events, and that the speaker wants to understand the motives behind their mother's actions.

turn 1 : The literal meaning: The speaker mentions that they discuss this as a significant starting point or origin for the book. The implied meaning: The speaker suggests that this event plays a crucial role in shaping the themes or direction of the book.

turn 1 : The turn suggests that the speaker is feeling frustrated and overwhelmed.

turn 1 : The speaker is implying that the initial positive buzz surrounding the book was overshadowed by the negative review and the controversy that followed.

turn 1 : The person who nominated the speaker for something kept it a secret.


Of course.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is hinting at a deeper or hidden motive or intention behind their actions or words.

turn 3 : It is not that is something to be tasted. It is something people don't like to hear about.

turn 3 : People were so desperate for fuel that they were even boiling their food without proper cooking gas.

turn 3 : A implies that the impact of the spoon on people's perception of food is not significant but it is a curious question.

turn 3 : The literal meaning is that the speaker wants to examine the motives behind the actions of the people involved in the events. The implied meaning is that the speaker is questioning whether their mother's version of events was accurate and whether the motives behind the actions were as terrible as their mother portrayed them to be.


We're hoping that this research kind of paves the way to looking at novel high-speed adhesives. So how do you grab things - difficult things - very, very quickly?And so, like, if you were to grab something that's dusty, like a brick, or furry, duct tape's not going to be able to stick to either of those things. You know, you're going to have to use something like claws or grabbing mechanisms. But we think that with this new type of thick, viscous fluid coating a very soft substrate, that it will be able to grab oddly textured things very quickly. So in my mind, I'm dreaming of a - like, a frog tongue attached to a drone, and the drone can fly around and pick up packages really quickly and fly away.

Do you mind me asking - after a day in the lab - I'm just guessing- do you just want to go home and fast?I mean, it must be difficult to eat anything.

(Laughter) There are times that - especially in the beginning - where I had the smell of frog in my nose for at least an hour, and I couldn't eat anything. But by the end of the study, I'd been - you know, I was eating frog legs every week - part of the study.

Oh, no. Seriously?

turn 1 : The implied meaning of turn (1) is to hurry up and finish the task quickly.

turn 1 : The speaker is expressing appreciation for the theme of father-daughter relationships in the book and acknowledging that it has personal resonance for them.

turn 1 : (2) implies that A has a very tiring day in the lab and wants to finish the work quickly and go home.

turn 1 : They might bring the person closer to what they hoped for in their life.

turn 1 : She hopes people find a way to read the book that she has written.


Oh, no. Seriously?

turn 2 : The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker has become used to working with frogs and can even enjoy eating frog legs as part of the study.

turn 2 : The implied meaning of this turn is that the recent discoveries about feathers and filaments on certain species of dinosaurs have enabled us to gain a better understanding of their visual and vocal communication.

turn 2 : The word 'Cold' does not literally mean they are cold and chill, it has the implied meaning that they are not in good terms

turn 2 : The travel has not been frozen in the sense of encased in ice - it has just been suspended, metaphorically.

turn 2 : There is a dangerous situation happening that requires people to seek shelter and take precautions.


Oh, no. Seriously?

turn 3 : (4) implies disbelief or shock at A's response in the previous turn.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: Amused disbelief at the sudden change in the status quo.

turn 3 : you imply that something is the case

turn 3 : None . There's nothing in this that implies anything.


Yes, absolutely.

What do you mean?

Well, I've been through a lot. People don't like talking about things that hurt. Usually we like to skip over that stuff because it brings up something that's unpleasant, but honestly it's the only way that I feel like some of those things have purpose because of somebody else's journey. And I really believe, you know, the quote from the Scriptures that says, all things work together for my good. All things work together for my good, not just the stuff I liked, not just the stuff that felt really great in the highs in my life that were wonderful, even not selling records has worked for my good because my ego is not in a place where you can't be in the same room with me and fit.

I'm not in a place that when I see an unwed mother at 17, that I go, she probably didn't have no mama that cared about her. I had a mama that cared and I could have been that girl. And because of knowing that it could have been me, when I see them the emphatically in heart is different than somebody else's who doesn't know what it's like to be that girl whose been manipulated and her innocence stolen from her. It was stolen from me, and I know what that feels like. And you feel by yourself, you feel damaged goods.

turn 2 : : The speaker is expressing frustration or disappointment about a situation, and may be looking for empathy or support from the listener.

turn 2 : A is stating the obvious about the power being out

turn 2 : (2) The literal meaning of this turn is that A made a stand against the colleague, but the actual meaning is that A had the power to stand up for others but didn't.

turn 2 : Talking about unpleasant things can have a purpose

turn 2 : (3) The literal meaning of this turn is that A failed to protect others, but the actual meaning is that A was only concerned with protecting themselves.


Now, for a general, basic financial book, get "Smart and Simple Financial Strategies for Busy People" by Jane Bryant Quinn. I love Jane's work. It's a really easy book to read. You don't even have to read it from beginning to end. You can skip chapters as it applies to you.

OK.  Last question, Michelle. This comes from Jennifer Melsaff(ph) from Mulino, Oregon. She's married to a construction superintendent who recently was laid off. They're worried about their mortgage. The payments are about $650 a month. Jennifer has already turned a 30-year mortgage into a 12-year mortgage, which means she doubled each of her monthly payments. She asked if she should pay off the mortgage quickly, making higher payments now, or should she put the put the money into savings and stick to the low $650 payment.

Because her husband has lost a job, I would stop making the extra mortgage payments. They need to preserve cash until he gets another job. So if it takes longer for her husband to get a job, they have the money to pay for the everyday expenses like food and utilities and such.

Michelle Singletary answering your questions. Thank you so much, Michelle.

turn 0 : The book by Jane Bryant Quinn is a basic and easy-to-understand guide to personal finance

turn 0 : The economists spoke up and said that people should take caution in their finances.

turn 0 : They are asking what would be the best thing for the person to find.

turn 0 : Implied meaning: The speaker is hinting at something they want or need, but they don't want to ask for it directly.

turn 0 : A gold mine implies that the amount is a lot and it has value to the people that want it


When I was in a refugee camp, I did everything to survive, you know. And me and my friends, we used to go and steal chickens, and we used to go and pretend to other staff, so just to make a living and I've reached here because of the horrible things I've done but I'm saying it's not great but sometimes we are forced to sin to make a living.

(Singing) We used to raid(ph) villages Steal in chickens, goats and sheeps Anything we could eat I knew it was rude But we needed food And therefore I was

Forced to sin, forced to sin To make a living Forced to sin. . .

You know, at this point in time you've seen so many things that other people haven't and you've written that into your music. Are you hopeful that your music can transform lives?

turn 1 : The speaker and their friends committed crimes to fulfill their basic needs in the refugee camp

turn 1 : The speaker is in the health clinic at the refugee settlement.

turn 1 : Turn (3) describes the discovery of clues that led to the unraveling of the scandal, which is consistent with its literal meaning.

turn 1 : None of the turns in this statement have a figurative or non-literal meaning. The speaker is describing a situation where a defendant in a criminal trial confessed to the crime during the speaker's testimony, and the defendant's girlfriend later corroborated the speaker's testimony with her own testimony.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker is hinting at a deeper or hidden motive or intention behind their actions or words.


What was the basis on which you were denied?

They said that we need to request a formal tour. And this is the problem. You know, I was at Homestead yesterday - the facility in Florida that houses 2,700 mostly teenage migrants. You think about it - they do these guided tours only at very specific times when they have a lot of notice about when people are going to come through. I'm told that lawyers who represent the kids in there have to sign a nondisclosure agreement so that they can't talk about the conditions in there.

It makes you wonder, what are they hiding?Why do we keep seeing images of overcrowding and of terrible living conditions, and then journalists go in there on one of these guided tours, and everything seems to be fine?

You visited another community center where there are migrant families or children. What did they tell you?Have you been able to get any reports?Or did any people who'd been in those facilities have anything to say to you about what the conditions were there?

turn 1 : A moved from a middle-class area to a poorer area with a stark contrast in living conditions.

turn 1 : (3) implies that the speaker wants to know what the speaker observed,

turn 1 : (3) is a sign of amusement, indicating the speaker was laughing at the metaphor.

turn 1 : seeing images of overcrowding and of terrible living conditions implies the unpleasant view and conditions

turn 1 : (3) is a short form of "I will," meaning "I understand," indicating agreement with the speaker's sentiment.


turn 1 : The facility only allows guided tours at specific times and lawyers have to sign an NDA, suggesting they have something to hide.

turn 1 : They say the attorneys general is looking for information and they want to put a stop to it.

turn 1 : (4) implies disbelief or shock at A's response in the previous turn.

turn 1 :  (4) is an expression of surprise. The implied meaning is an expression of admiration.

turn 1 : "Oh, wow." - This turn's actual meaning is different from its literal meaning. In this context, it is used sarcastically to express disbelief or surprise.


I think that for, me Hillary is a policy wonk. I'm focused on public policy, and I'm thinking about action and thinking about what people say, how they present themselves, and whether or not they sound really credible on hardcore concrete ideas and proposals. And she just emerges as that person for me.

So, Congresswoman, why did you change your mind?

Combination of things. We've been through a campaign period. Barack Obama has paid some dues, and he's rebuilt himself. We got to know a bit more about him. He is talking about issues. The campaign has done what campaigns are supposed to do, and that is to help the public get to know the candidate, what they stand for, what they're willing to do, and whether or not they are tough enough to stay the course. He has met the test. He's paid his dues. He's got the numbers, and he should be the nominee.

Now, we saw a lot of members of the congressional black caucus either switch their superdelegate vote or at the last minute declare, when they were undeclared. What do you think that was about?Why was there this, you know, even before the final election votes were in, why was there this rush to say, you know, to declare?

turn 2 : Obama has demonstrated his credibility and is qualified to be the nominee.

turn 2 : Although there are varying poll results, all of them show that Barack Obama is consistently ahead.

turn 2 : (3) Will stock markets still be gaily rising? Implied Meaning: Will stock markets still be increasing in value?

turn 2 : People are more afraid of losing than they are of gaining in the stock market.

turn 2 : Although stocks may continue to decrease in value, it is currently a great time to invest in the stock market


And, you know, one can argue about how effective this instance of dueling briefs might have been in illuminating that whole issue for the American public. But it certainly wasn't anything like what we've seen in the current instance where you have, to be quite frank, a blatant use of the House Intelligence Committee for the purpose of trying to pre-emptively discredit findings of the special counsel.

But then - I'm glad you mentioned the disagreement between the two parties about - with the phrase was - what?- enhanced interrogation. . .

Right.

. . . Techniques. Because it is, among other things, the responsibility of Senate and House committees to oversee government action and to step in and make corrections and, for that matter, alert the public when they think intelligence agencies are going over the line, isn't it?

turn 2 : The turn suggests that the speaker is feeling frustrated and overwhelmed.

turn 2 : The speaker is hinting that the situation is difficult or complex.

turn 2 : Being exposed to different cultures is an advantage.

turn 2 : Fabric of society is actually just the way the society is made up of different personalities and choices.

turn 2 : A: "breaking free from all of these identities and get down to that last one, which is human" - This turn is figurative language as it refers to the author's desire to move beyond societal labels and stereotypes and focus on our common humanity rather than actually breaking free from physical identities.