What do you see unfolding as a result of this election, whether or not Senator Obama wins or Senator McCain wins?Do you think it's going to advance how people think about race and how people deal with it in their own lives?

I think it's very much an open question. I think the risk is of course that if Obama wins, a lot of white folks will want to declare that racism is obviously dead. And that I think would be ridiculously premature. The evidence of institutional and systemic discrimination against millions of people of color is still very obvious in spite of the success of this one man of color. Just as we know that Benazir Bhutto becoming prime minister of Pakistan, not one but twice, didn't mean sexism wasn't a problem in Pakistan. Same thing here, with racism and Obama, we in the culture have got to understand if we want his success up to now to mean anything beyond him, if we want it to mean something in terms of turning the corner and addressing the issues of racism and white privilege and inequality in this country, that's going to be up to us. That's going to require us to get out there and challenge systemic and institutional discrimination in housing, in the job market, in the criminal justice system. And not put all of our eggs in the basket of electoral politics.

Well Tim, great to talk to you. Thanks.

Thank you.

turn 1 : White people are not held to the same standards as people of color when it comes to achieving success.

turn 1 : A is confirming that the yield curve has inverted.

turn 1 : The economy is doing very poorly, and consumers are struggling to pay their debts and bills.

turn 1 : The success of one man of color does not mean the end of systemic discrimination against people of color, and addressing issues of racism and white privilege requires active effort beyond electoral politics.

turn 1 : (3) To be in a recession means the economy is declining.


First give us a little inside baseball on what happened with the Pfizer drug. Did it not clear the plaques?Do we know?Do we know why it failed?

Well, it was a preliminary report regarding the clinical findings, meaning that the memory, the functional changes in these patients with the mild to moderate state of the dementia of Alzheimer's disease, the clinical features did not improve.

What we don't know yet, they haven't announced yet, is whether the drug actually had an impact on the underlying biological process. So there was no clinical improvement, but we're still waiting for data on the biological signal. Did the antibody do what it was supposed to do in the brain?

And it was supposed to clear out the amyloid plaques, correct?

turn 1 : We need to examine it as much as we can possibly can. We need to get people involved with Alzheimers to learn about  other things that can cause the disease.

turn 1 : Tesla is an underappreciated hero and people sympathize with him through the crowdfunding campaign

turn 1 : Exciting possibility that there might be Tesla's old equipment buried.

turn 1 : The person loved working on cars from the time they were a teenager.

turn 1 : The drug did not improve clinical features in Alzheimer's patients, but it's still unclear whether it had an impact on the biological process of the disease.


Hey, Mary Louise.

So how serious is this?What else do we know?

We don't really know a lot more. We learned of this in a brief statement from campaign senior adviser Jeff Weaver. He said, as you mentioned in the intro there, that Sanders had felt some chest discomfort last night at a campaign event. And what they also told us is that Sanders had a blockage in one artery. Two stents were inserted. His campaign has really not said a whole lot more than that except that events will be canceled until further notice but that the senator is, quote, "in good spirits. "He is resting up for a few days.

Now, I did talk to Steven Nissen today. He's a cardiologist at the Cleveland Clinic. He's not the doctor that worked on Sanders, but he just sort of told me what to expect in these cases, what the prognosis is. And pretty much what he told me is this. The way to look at it is that heart disease is, indeed, serious, but this is also a very routine procedure.

turn 2 : The positive outlook is giving him the support he needs to continue campaigning.

turn 2 : A thinks that with their army of Tesla fans and experience with crowd funding, they can make a difference in Nikola Tesla's old laboratory.

turn 2 : Tesla is an underappreciated hero and people sympathize with him through the crowdfunding campaign

turn 2 : Sanders is feeling happy and hopeful after the procedure.

turn 2 : Exciting possibility that there might be Tesla's old equipment buried.


Yeah.

You know, again, as you say. . .

Door to door is about it.

And that's about it. And by the time everybody realized the scope of this disaster, it was too late. You could not evacuate people in time. And so it was basically described as an unleashed monster.

turn 3 : The disaster was so immense and overwhelming that it was hard to comprehend.

turn 3 : The implication is that the person realised something about the video - it did not literally hit them.

turn 3 : The premise of body camera footage is good, but government officials and police officials push against making it public, which goes against the transparency of police interactions.

turn 3 : The disaster was so severe that it was impossible to save everyone, and the situation was out of control.

turn 3 : track implies awareness and not record or relating to filed


Do you think it was a mistake of Robert Mueller not to have subpoenaed the president to sit down for an interview?

I think, according to the report, my understanding is he realized that if he had done that, it would have added two years to this process.

And what if that happened?Do you - would you have been also against the idea of subpoenaing the president to make him testify or interview?

I don't want to second-guess Robert Mueller, but I think he probably made the right call because now at least we can get the report out; otherwise, everything would be in limbo through the next election. I think it's better to have it on the table now. And I'm hoping that my committee - I'm certainly going to urge the leadership of the intelligence committee to call Robert Mueller before our committee in an open session. . .

turn 1 : (3) Implied Meaning: You have been employed with the company for 18 years, which is a long time.

turn 1 : (2) implies that Russia's goal is to promote a worldview that everything is corrupt and that its tactics are meant to psychologically influence others;

turn 1 : In turn 2, the speaker is implying that even though Mr. Putin's arguments may sound familiar to those of Hitler in 1938, the analogy between the two is still an exaggeration.

turn 1 : that Russia views itself as a victim of a Western conspiracy and is retaliating with its own tactics.

turn 1 : Turn (2) has a figurative meaning, as "adding two years to this process" does not necessarily mean that it would have taken two years longer to conduct the interview. It could mean that the process would have been further prolonged or complicated.


Well, you hit the nail on the head. A lot of the amateur astronomers who are making these observations are just as skilled as many of the very best professional astronomers. And the only difference between the two is sort of the size of the telescopes that they use.

Yeah.

And a big advance in recent years that has allowed amateur astronomers to observe and record these impacts is digital photography and digital video recording. You know, we can make very sensitive digital video recordings of planets now, and we can capture these impacts when they occur.

Mm-hmm. I'm Ira Flatow, and this is SCIENCE FRIDAY, from NPR, talking with Tony Phillips, astronomer and author of Spaceweather. com. If you want to see the impact on our - go to our website at sciencefriday. com. We have the video up there of the impact. It seems - it's pretty big. I mean, we can see that, right?That flash, you said it was - how many megatons of. . .

turn 0 : pin that down implies to solve the problem or get something done rather than to put a pin on something

turn 0 : The implied meaning of this turn is that other members of the White House may seek legal counsel in light of President Trump's actions.

turn 0 : The video blog post was racist and offensive.

turn 0 : hit the nail on the head implies directly saying the key information or the main gist instead of wasting time

turn 0 : The implication is that the person realised something about the video - it did not literally hit them.


They have. But I think that there was a difference. The Democrats, for example, voted in overwhelming numbers for the DREAM Act, which was blocked by the Republican Party. A bill was introduced for comprehensive immigration reform. The Democrats voted overwhelmingly for it. It was blocked by the Republicans.

When we say comprehensive immigration reform, what two or three things do you think constitute that?

Well, I think that we need a way for the 11 million people who are in this country to legalize a status and earn their way to citizenship. I think we need to come up with a system where the immigrants of the future can come to this country in a safe, legal and orderly manner, instead of having to walk through the desert and putting their lives in jeopardy.

When crossing the border illegally.

turn 3 : (4) is implying that human traffickers don't have to worry about accountability or paying for lost goods if the people they are trafficking do not arrive safely, unlike drug traffickers.

turn 3 :  (4) Implies an acknowledgement of the dangerous risks taken when crossing the border illegally.

turn 3 : There is evidence that would support the Presidents statement.

turn 3 : Implies a question as to whether any action has been taken to remove President Kabila from power.

turn 3 : B confirms that the president is a recent one and hints at Bill Clinton being the right answer.


The way it works is that the public trust will now operate the company and will generate profits, which they anticipate to be between $7 and $8 billion. And those profits will be used to help settle some of the claims. Additionally, if they have any subsidiaries that are non-opioid that they sell, the proceeds from that sale will be used to pay the creditors.

Ah, OK.  Are there other examples of private companies that for one reason or another become public beneficiary trusts?

This is the first one I've seen in my 53 years of bankruptcy practice.

Really?Wow. So why has it been so rare, you think, for something like this to happen - for private companies to be made into a public beneficiary trusts?

turn 2 :  you imply that something is the case

turn 2 : It is being implied that it will be difficult to proceed to court.

turn 2 : is asking if a large settlement will encourage others to file lawsuits against media companies

turn 2 : Case is a legal judgement that will take place before a judge.

turn 2 : The phrase "first one I've seen" does not literally mean that the speaker has never heard of or encountered such a case before, but rather that it is a rare occurrence in their experience in bankruptcy practice.


(Singing) I want to go to a place Where every dream of mine comes true. And then I look at the stars And pick out one just for you.

You know, it strikes me that in some ways, this album is more like the singer-songwriters like Jill Scott than your previous work as a group. Who do you listen to?Obviously, you have your own sound, but who do you listen to?

Well, right now I actually haven't been listening to much music. But I have so many influences going back to like the late '70s and '80s. From different gospel artists and R&B, and later on I got into jazz. So it would be so tedious just to say, you know, who my influences are, and who I listen to.

But of the current artists, I love D'Angelo, Anthony Hamilton, I think Jill Scott's fantastic, Alicia Keys, John Legend. There's a lot of independent artists out there that are great too. Eric Robeson. So there's so many fantastic artists, and I would probably say that, like you said, I do kind of have my own sound there, which I'm proud of. I mean, I was able to develop over time in the studio with my husband. . .

turn 1 : Why do you think people relate to music as a way of understanding and humanizing other people? What is it about music that's so special?"

turn 1 : The mom is not confined to doing things one way and staying in one place.

turn 1 : Asking about musical influences, not comparing the album to other artists

turn 1 : The speaker keeps the happy memories of her past with her loved ones locked up inside her to deal with her grief.

turn 1 : Mothers who have lost their children recognize and approach each other for comfort.


So there are always lines in invoices - in the case of remains excavations, taking care of the remains, maintaining them, transfer - all of these kind of things. It happens. It exists. In other hostage cases, you would see not necessarily - and I have to distinguish between hostages and political prisoners because Otto Warmbier was a political prisoner, not a hostage.

And the difference being that hostages are held generally by nongovernmental. . .

Correct.

. . . Entities. . .

turn 0 : The bishop is rectum became a museum exhibit.

turn 0 : The situation is urgent and requires immediate action.

turn 0 : Diseases are not breaking out but might begin to happen due to the situation.

turn 0 : Invoices for remains excavations and transfer exist and happen.

turn 0 : They are worried about any negative consequences of their actions and will fix them quickly.


Correct.

. . . Entities. . .

turn 3 : The U.S. government has a policy of not paying ransom for hostages or making concessions for political prisoners.

turn 3 : Political prisoners are not the same as hostages and should be distinguished.

turn 3 : The speaker is expressing amusement at the idea of the future being here.

turn 3 : on that note means speaking of which, or they are moving the discussion forward with a topic that was mentioned.

turn 3 : This turn expresses willingness to engage in the conversation.


What do you think she'd think of what you've done?

I think she would be amazed. (Laughter) I have had nothing to do with the fashion world, and I don't think I'm known particularly for being fashionable. But in fact, Inga was my mother's name. But it's only afterwards that I realized looking it up that it actually means a hero's daughter. And that's very much how we feel - that this concept is in honor of the heroes in our life. And I hope it brings a great deal of comfort and dignity to others and just break this vicious cycle that patients often find themselves in.

Nikla Lancksweert is the co-founder of the clothing company INGA Wellbeing. Thank you so much for being with us.

Thank you.

turn 1 : A: "I think she would be amazed." - The literal meaning suggests that the person being referred to would be surprised or astonished. However, the actual meaning here implies that the speaker believes the person mentioned would be proud or impressed by what they have accomplished.

turn 1 :  In this context, "shocked myself" is not meant literally, but figuratively. It is meant to imply that the speaker was pleasantly surprised by their own work.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker is subtly suggesting that the other person is being unreasonable or unrealistic in their expectations or demands.

turn 1 : The literal meaning of turn (2) is a question asking what the speaker can add to the race that other candidates do not already have. However, the actual meaning is that the speaker is being challenged to prove their value and justify their entry into the race. The literal meaning of the turn does not reflect the underlying challenge and skepticism expressed by the speaker.

turn 1 : Turn (2) has an actual meaning that is different from its literal meaning. The speaker is not discussing an attempt to physically move goalposts, but rather a rhetorical strategy of avoiding answering certain questions.


Which tells us?

Well, it's 6:30 on a Sunday night. Most of the House members are usually watching "Sunday Night Football. "I would not be able to tell you when I last saw the House come into session on a Sunday night. Under any circumstances, they don't meet on Sunday. It's happened, but I can't tell you when it happened last. So this is an extraordinary, unusual circumstance. So that would tend to suggest that somewhere during the day, Speaker Boehner, John Boehner, the leader of the Republicans in the House, where they are the majority, got it in his head that there was going to be something to talk about on Sunday night, whereas there wasn't as of this morning. So perhaps there's something going on. Perhaps the president does have something to talk about with the Senate Republicans. Perhaps it would be something the Senate Republicans could accept and therefore agree not to filibuster. This is crucial.

Right.

If they filibuster, we lose three days, so they have to agree. . .

turn 2 : filibuster refers to delaying and procrastinating by pretext

turn 2 : The implied meaning of turn (1) is to hurry up and finish the task quickly.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker might be implying a hidden agenda or ulterior motive behind their words, actions, or decisions, without making it explicit.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be hinting at a deeper meaning or intention behind their words or actions, which requires further investigation or understanding to fully grasp.

turn 2 : Implied meaning for turn (3): The questioner assumes that the speaker decided to support Donald Trump based on something he said, but the speaker clarifies that his decision was based on Trump's track record of job creation, as well as input from other people involved in the election.


You know, that's a very strange thing. It showed that there is real fear of a reaction. And that now that they are two, whether or not people would start drawing a pattern - that was one of the questions that I sort of asked all the Korean leaders up in the Bay area. And once that question was asked, I think that they sort of saw an angle that I might go towards they didn't like and for the most part they either talked about in a very - and again, in a sort of like academic way about how, you know, like we should focus on class instead of race, or we should talk about people without using any sort of, like, cultural terms, or they were just sort of kick me out.

And what has happened to One Goh?

He is now in Napa State Mental Hospital, he - until he is - can be fit to stand trial. He's been declared unfit to stand trial because of his, you know, he's psychiatrically unable to stand trial at this point. And so he's undergoing compulsory medication to try and get him ready.

And Oikos University, what's happened there, there was something of a decertification.

turn 2 : Case is a legal judgement that will take place before a judge.

turn 2 : to stand to trial means until they are ready to have a trial

turn 2 : The literal meaning of turn (4) is that B is interrupting A to introduce the radio program they are both on, "SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR," and to announce their names. However, the implied meaning is that B is politely interrupting A to take over as the host of the radio program.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker is subtly trying to convey a sense of urgency or importance in the matter being discussed, without explicitly stating it.

turn 2 : The actual meaning of turn 3 is "Thank you for joining us and providing information on the topic."


European companies and the European Union recognize that the dominance of the dollar in international trading gives the United States very considerable power. And I believe that the Iran episode is going to be a turning point. It will show Russia, China, India, the European Union the value of building up alternative mechanisms for concluding international trade that do not use the dollar in any shape or form.

So I think the United States is set maybe to use their excessive power on this occasion but, over the long term, to lose power. And I think that's right. It should be my country that decides what is lawful trade with any other country not the United States. And the United States' use of its dominance in international trading is totally intolerable when it seeks to place U. S.  law above the law of my country as to what my businessmen can do.

That's Sir Richard Dalton, former British diplomat now president of the British Iranian Chamber of Commerce. Thank you for speaking with ALL THINGS CONSIDERED.

Thank you.

turn 0 : The United States uses its power in international trade to exert influence over other countries

turn 0 : The countries formed their own blocs due to military and strategic considerations, not just trade.

turn 0 : Implied meaning: The speaker's tone and word choice suggest that they may be withholding information or expressing something indirectly, potentially due to fear of judgement or repercussions.

turn 0 : Implied meaning: The speaker is subtly suggesting that the other person is being unreasonable or unrealistic in their expectations or demands.

turn 0 : In turn (2), the speaker acknowledges that people who own properties are more likely to benefit from property buyouts. However, the implied meaning is that the property buyout program may reinforce existing socioeconomic disparities, as people with more wealth are generally more often property owners. This suggests that the program may not be equally accessible to everyone, which is different from the literal meaning of the turn.


Thank you.

turn 0 : The United States is in a weak diplomatic state.

turn 0 : (3) The literal meaning of this turn is that A failed to protect others, but the actual meaning is that A was only concerned with protecting themselves.

turn 0 : The literal meaning of the turn is asking why they want to cause violence, but the implied meaning is asking why they find violence appealing or attractive.

turn 0 : The dominance of the dollar gives the US considerable power in international trade.

turn 0 : Implied meaning: Do people have to keep going despite the danger in the conflict?


Thank you.

turn 1 : Tariffs put us out of the market and make us uncompetitive

turn 1 : A is worried that he will face more difficulties in the upcoming games.

turn 1 : US law should not be above the law of other countries in international trade.

turn 1 : There were some personal problems, and he is trying to understand the reason behind them without being too direct.

turn 1 : He does not have many ways to solve the problems as of yet.


His family life has gotten more attention than maybe he wanted, right?

Well, yeah, sort of. Bill de Blasio's wife, Chirlane McCray, wrote an article way back in the 1970s about why she was a lesbian. And this was considered back in 1979 a little outside the box. And it surfaced again in recent months. And when asked about it, you know, they say, look, we are happily married, we have two adorable kids - here are their pictures - and that's all we have to say about it. And it was a very interesting moment to show the city, really show the world, how the conversation has changed about this. What could have been a career-ending disclosure 20 or 30 years ago wasn't much of a story at all.

And maybe we should note, Christine Quinn is married is to her partner of longstanding.

Yes, indeed. If elected, she would not just be the first woman mayor of New York City, she would be the first openly gay or lesbian official elected citywide in New York's history.

On the Republican side, there is a very strong candidate.

turn 4 : The literal meaning of this turn is that the listener is being asked to visualize the scene of the Romney-Ryan announcement. However, the actual meaning is that the event is being presented as a carefully planned media spectacle designed to generate excitement and favorable media coverage.

turn 4 : thanking the NPR reporter, so it does not have a different actual meaning from its literal meaning.

turn 4 : the literal and actual meanings are the same. The speakers are simply exchanging pleasantries and expressing gratitude for the conversation

turn 4 : The turn whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning is (3) where the interviewer asks the French Ambassador how frustrating the last few months were for him.

turn 4 : The speaker is implying that Bill de Blasio and Chirlane McCray have had to navigate a lot of scrutiny in their family life due to the article written by Chirlane in the 1970s.


People go armed with treats and halters, and so they're able to catch them. And, you know, mostly, if you're calm, the horses stay calm.

Horses eat a lot, don't they?How do you care for every one?

Sure thing. Well, many of us were able to grab hay and some supplies as we were evacuating our barn. So we came with food and some items in hand. But the local seed stores have been donating all kinds of hay and shavings and pellets. So we have had, again, tremendous support from the local community, making sure that every horse here is fed.

Can you smell the smoke, see the fire?

turn 0 :  (2) is a metaphor that implies the speaker was impressed by the announcer's ability to quickly and accurately recite all the names of the horses.

turn 0 : There is a dangerous situation happening that requires people to seek shelter and take precautions.

turn 0 : The horses are usually calm when approached with care and respect.

turn 0 : The federal government relies on states to determine when to call for evacuations.

turn 0 : The situation is so dangerous that people who refuse to evacuate should identify themselves in case of death.


Can you smell the smoke, see the fire?

turn 1 : The carrots and sticks refer to how you get a horse to move the way you want.

turn 1 : Hurricanes are becoming more dangerous due to climate change.

turn 1 : The lack of media coverage can make climate change an invisible issue for most Americans.

turn 1 : The horses can be tamed and controlled if people approach them calmly and gently.


Can you smell the smoke, see the fire?

turn 2 :  (2) is a metaphor that implies the speaker was impressed by the announcer's ability to quickly and accurately recite all the names of the horses.

turn 2 : The speaker is suggesting that if people remain calm, then the horses will remain calm as well.

turn 2 :  "Frankly, they kind of overdo it, you know? So for blacks to support Obama, he's got to make up his mind. Is he African or American? Because he can't be both. That doesn't make sense." The literal meaning of this turn is that Obama cannot be both African and American, and that it is difficult for black people to support him. However, the actual meaning is that there is a sense of confusion and identity crisis regarding Obama's background, and that this confusion affects how some black people feel about him.

turn 2 : The speaker is asking if the listener believes in racial justice and if it is possible to achieve it. The speaker suggests that African-Americans have debated this issue for a long time, indicating that it is a complex issue.

turn 2 : (2) The speaker is not only referring to a specific incident but also highlighting the larger issue of racism in the country and how it affects individuals on a personal level.


Can you smell the smoke, see the fire?

turn 3 : the meaning of "pin your heart on this beautiful little horse and this odd cast of characters around him" is to invest your emotion or faith in Chrome and his team, even if there is no guarantee of success.

turn 3 : The speaker is suggesting that the community has been very supportive of the horses.

turn 3 : The policies would make drastic changes for the better to the economy.

turn 3 : None found - the turn "the economy" appears to have its literal meaning as the main issue of concern.

turn 3 : The recession will not have a quick recovery


I'm very sad, very sad.

You've been with us from the very, very beginning. Tell us how talking about personal finance has changed since then.

Well, obviously, the biggest change has been the economic - I call it mudslide - that we're going through. When I first began, things were pretty good. I mean, although, at the time, I was trying to tell people, you know, things are good but you always have to prepare for the worst. And obviously, the worse has happened. And over the years, you know, many people have sent in questions and emailed me, and the listeners have just been wonderful. And I think I helped a lot of people. I do hear from people who took the advice and got their lives together, and some people who took the advice and are weathering the economic storm because they were prepared.

And have you changed your advice over the years?

turn 2 : Many people are losing their jobs and companies are going bankrupt.

turn 2 : The person thinks that the good feelings have lessened a bit.

turn 2 : They are saying that at the risk of sounding like they are perfect and above others they think you have to be honest.

turn 2 : It's important to live in the moment rather than for posterity.

turn 2 : The economic change has been very destructive to everyone and everything.


. . . in Romania. And he's an 18-year-old who did this pretty much on his own. And this isn't his first project. Before this, he was building jet engines.

And 18-year-old?

Yeah, from the Internet.

turn 3 : Turn (3) is an example of a statement whose meaning is different from its literal meaning. The speaker is not actually asking about the ages of the women, but rather expressing surprise or concern about how young some of them were.

turn 3 : The economic situation will get worse, and it's uncertain how bad it will be.

turn 3 : There will be significant concerns in the region moving forward.

turn 3 : While the macroeconomic numbers don't indicate a recession, many people are experiencing economic hardship.

turn 3 : The turn with an actual meaning different from its literal meaning is (4) "Don't try this - well, he tried it at home, I guess." This statement is a sarcastic remark that implies that the speaker thinks the project the 18-year-old completed is difficult or dangerous and that the listener should not attempt it. However, the speaker acknowledges that the 18-year-old had the audacity to try it anyway.


But we can also use technology to, you know, warn providers when they're entering orders, for instance. If I'm supposed to be in Mr.  James Smith and entering a complex chemotherapy order, for instance, I'd get an alert saying, are you sure?

Because there was another, you know, Mr.  James Smith on the same ward in the hospital. Are you sure you're entering orders on the right Mr.  James Smith, you know, for instance?

Anything a patient can do to protect him or herself?

With electronic health records has come in a layer of additional transparency for the health care system where patients can access more information electronically than they could ever do before.

turn 0 : The speaker is expressing a high level of respect for the doctor's abilities.

turn 0 : "It's a big, tall woman with a terrible voice. And of course, that was Julia." - The literal meaning of this turn is a description of Julia's physical appearance and voice, but the actual meaning is that A is identifying Julia as the woman they were discussing earlier.

turn 0 : The bond between Cassie and Julia is strong and special, even though they grow apart in middle school.

turn 0 : (1) The speaker is not only suggesting using technology to alert providers when they may be entering orders for the wrong patient, but also emphasizing the importance of preventing medical errors in the healthcare system.

turn 0 : She believes that child actors are like cattle to be used by others.


turn 1 : The situation is urgent and requires immediate action.

turn 1 : Despite congressional interest, the Trump administration is not listening to anyone but Donald Trump

turn 1 : Trump supported Sissi without obtaining information about the man and what he does.

turn 1 : The president may be lying about not being informed

turn 1 : The alert is suggesting that the provider should double-check to make sure they are entering the orders for the correct patient.


turn 2 : Are there any steps that patients can take to ensure their medical records are accurate and secure

turn 2 : Implies that Dr. Stephen Loyd is a reliable source of information on the subject, and that they are asking him to provide insights on the issue.

turn 2 : you are welcome is implied in response to Thank you very much

turn 2 : The actual meaning of turn 3 is "Thank you for joining us and providing information on the topic."

turn 2 : This is a polite way of saying thank you for the help provided.


turn 3 : The website provides personal and political information about people based on their address, which may be an invasion of privacy.

turn 3 : The disaster was so immense and overwhelming that it was hard to comprehend.

turn 3 : The disaster was so severe that it was impossible to save everyone, and the situation was out of control.

turn 3 : Patients can now have more access to their own medical records and other health care information online.

turn 3 : "the closer I got, the more damage there was" - the speaker is not referring to physical damage to themselves, but rather to the increasing destruction they observed as they approached the site of the bombing.


It's a delight to be back with you, Scott.

Now, is this just another drip in the FIFA scandal or does this suggest that the Justice Department is any closer to sorting all of this out?

Well, the noose is tightening. Similar scenes in Brazil have gone on in Germany. It's kind of like the end of the "Godfather" movies where the dominoes are all falling, one by one. Sepp Blatter, the farcical little man who's run FIFA for the past couple of decades - FIFA, the nonprofit of a billion-and-a-half cash reserve. It's a wonderful - they're my favorite kind of nonprofit.

It's the kind of nonprofit NPR should be, but go ahead, yes.

turn 2 : Turn (3) describes the discovery of clues that led to the unraveling of the scandal, which is consistent with its literal meaning.

turn 2 : the phrase "sounded like an angel" does not literally mean that the speaker's voice sounded like a divine being, but rather that their grandmother thought they had a beautiful singing voice

turn 2 : The speaker feels the need to perform music to feel complete.

turn 2 : The actual meaning of turn (3) is different from its literal meaning. While the literal meaning suggests that there are similar scenes in Brazil and Germany as in the FIFA scandal, the implied meaning is that there are investigations and consequences in those countries related to corruption in football

turn 2 : Having it to compared music as poetry and music has the heartstrings of everyone listening to the melodies of the instrument and words.


turn 2 : 3) Implied meaning: The situation is getting worse for FIFA, with similar events happening in both Brazil and Germany. Sepp Blatter, the long-time leader of the organization, is running out of time as the evidence against him is mounting. Despite all the money they have, they are still a non-profit organization

turn 2 :  The actual meaning of this turn is that professional athletes should take advantage of the opportunities they have and make the most of them, because they may not get the same opportunity again.

turn 2 : It's important to take risks and learn from failure.

turn 2 : The bottom line means the most important fact of the situation.

turn 2 : It is better to be transparent about the negative aspects.


It's correlated with overt racism, but it's very different, and the difference is that people are unaware of this. They don't want it, very often. They certainly don't endorse it, and it's what clinical psychologists or psychiatrists call a dissociation. It's like two separate things in the head, one egalitarian and open, the other biased.

All right, Dr.  Greenwald, thank you very much.

Thank you, Ira.

Tony Greenwald, psychologist, professor of psychology at the University of Washington. We're going to take a break, and afterwards we're going to come back and ask the candidates in a science debate - what would you ask them about science?Stay with us. We'll be right back. I'm Ira Flatow. This is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR.

turn 0 : Implied meaning: People are feeling resentment and anger towards people who think they don't have to follow the same rules as everyone else.

turn 0 : This implies that Iran has found ways to evade or circumvent the sanctions, despite their severity.

turn 0 : Iran would be willing to negotiate if some of the sanctions were removed.

turn 0 : The dissociation between conscious egalitarian beliefs and unconscious biased behaviour is a common phenomenon in people.

turn 0 : The United States' policy of isolating Iran will not bring Iran back to the negotiating table by just piling on pressure until Iran collapses.


Thank you, Ira.

turn 1 : Interracial interactions can be negatively impacted by implicit racial biases that individuals may not even be aware they possess, highlighting the importance of awareness and education around these biases to promote understanding and positive interactions.

turn 1 : The wonkiness of smart candidates is not popular with voters.

turn 1 : What people think of him has lessened due to the situation.

turn 1 : The unconscious bias against certain groups of people can be a hidden problem that people are not aware of, yet still have an effect on their behavior and attitudes.

turn 1 : Everyone is talking about something that no one can deny as everyone sees it. It might not upset people who like Bernie Sanders and make them want to vote for someone else.


First was a story of tremendous heartbreak, tremendous disappointment of people who had, in many cases, been displaced for many years during the country's long civil war, who had returned home to South Sudan only to find a few years later that they were being displaced again. That feeling of being uprooted when they had expected to be settled once and for all back home was really palpable and really so tragic and heartbreaking to see.

But at the same time, I also saw a story of incredible resilience and strength, people who after having walked in many cases for days or weeks to arrive in Uganda were setting about constructing their own homes, beginning to plant the small fields that are allocated around their homes. It's just, I think, an incredible testament to the resilience of the South Sudanese people.

When we think of refugee crises, of course, we often envision refugee camps, but tell us about the plots of land that refugees receive in Uganda.

Well, unlike a lot of the refugee camps around the world, where where my organization, Oxfam, works, people in Uganda and the refugee settlement model they have are actually spread out in agricultural settlements, where they are granted in the case of Uganda plots of land 30 by 30 meters or 50 by 50 meters. And that's so they can plant some of the crops that they are accustomed to from home, things like corn, beans.

turn 3 : The Ugandan refugee settlement model provides refugees with an opportunity to live a self-sufficient life, with the ability to grow their own food and perhaps even build a livelihood.

turn 3 :  I think so. I think it's a challenge that, you know, Uganda is the third largest refugee-hosting country in the world now, but I think most people don't realize that. When we think about refugees, we often think about the Syria crisis, which is the world's largest. We think about people who are crossing the Mediterranean. But we're not thinking about the now almost a million people who've crossed this land border into Uganda but have also fled from South Sudan into Kenya and Ethiopia and even into Sudan.  Implicated meaning: Most people are not aware of Uganda's significant role as the third largest host country for refugees, as their attention is primarily focused on the Syrian crisis and refugees crossing the Mediterranean. The situation involving almost a million people who have crossed into Uganda from neighboring countries is often overlooked or not given enough consideration.

turn 3 : In context, "Yeah" is used as a way to show agreement and understanding. Its implied meaning is that the speaker is in agreement with the idea being presented by the other person.

turn 3 : In this context, "Yeah. Yeah." is not meant to indicate agreement or affirmation, but rather a sign of impatience or boredom, suggesting that B is not particularly interested in the conversation or does not want to continue discussing the topic.

turn 3 : The turn "Yeah" in this context implies agreement with the previous statement, understanding, and interest in the topic, which is different from its literal meaning.


Well, let's talk about kind of the overview. So the goal of the ACA was to help the 37 million uninsured out there. And, yes, uninsurance rates have gone down dramatically or at historic lows. But I think a lot of things were unforeseen.

And the way some of the regulations were implemented are actually harming rural America and not fulfilling the ultimate goals of the ACA. And what I mean by that is half of those 37 million - the goal was to expand Medicaid and get those folks into a Medicaid program. We know that a lot of states have taken the Supreme Court up on its option of opting out of Medicaid. That has predominantly hurt rural America.

In fact, if you're a rural state, if you're a poor state, more likely than not, you have not expanded Medicaid. So we're seeing millions of folks left behind at that. Our concern is that since the ACA was passed, we've had an escalation of rural hospitals close. We've had 80 rural hospitals close since 2010. If this rate continues, in less than 10 years' time, we're going to have 25 percent of rural hospitals close within less than a decade.

Do you have any concern about the Congress repealing the Affordable Care Act - what's called Obamacare - without a replacement?

turn 1 : The implied meaning of the speaker's response to the question of overturning the Affordable Care Act is that they don't only want to do away with it, but also to replace it with something better.

turn 1 : The implied meaning of this turn is that the implementation of the ACA has not achieved its goals as intended, as evidenced by the fact that many states have opted out of Medicaid, leaving many people uninsured and leading to an increasing number of rural hospital closures.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker might be implying a hidden agenda or ulterior motive behind their words, actions, or decisions, without making it explicit.

turn 1 :  The actual meaning of this turn is that professional athletes should take advantage of the opportunities they have and make the most of them, because they may not get the same opportunity again.

turn 1 : It is easier to do something when there are no obstacles (guards) around.


turn 2 : the protests got worse and worse until there was no way to control them any longer.

turn 2 : Trump is now openly calling for the Mueller investigation to be shut down

turn 2 : The person thinks there is contitutional responsibility to investigate areas that the president has said not to. The Mueller team did not as the president told them to investigate only so much and then to stop.

turn 2 : The implementation of the ACA has not achieved its intended goals, and has instead caused harm to rural America.

turn 2 : The selection of Mueller's team members may not have been impartial


Well, certainly, his support for the military. We just passed the National Defense Authorization Act named in his honor. We did that every year. There are not many pieces of legislation these days that we're able to do. And that one is something we did every year at the insistence of John McCain. One of the last pieces of legislation that we did even after that was one that I sponsored with him for veterans courts - to make sure that we have adequate resources for veterans courts around the country. So his work for veterans was really important to him.

Sure. He's known as a man who had a powerful temper but also a powerful sense of humor. And I wonder if there are moments of that that really are jumping out at you today.

A lot of them. I remember - and I wrote in the piece about a time when I was in the House of Representatives. I had challenged some parochial spending projects and was receiving a lot of grief at home, a lot of vitriol from local elected officials and newspaper editorials. I was on a flight back to Arizona with John, and he worked his way back to where I was with a stern look on his face and put his finger in my chest. And I thought, oh, no he's going to let me have it, too. And he pointed at me, and he said, don't back down. He said, you were in the right, and they will come around. And it was all I needed to hear. It was just reassurance. But yeah, he did have a temper. He was certainly passionate, but he was quick to forgive.

Briefly, in. . .

turn 0 : it look like a meaningless. u can improve the sentence

turn 0 : you imply that something is the case

turn 0 : Everyone should respect other people's feelings and not try to control them, even if they don't agree.

turn 0 : Their notion is to do as much as you can and don't think about the numbers too much.

turn 0 :  The implied meaning of this question is that people often associate certain ideologies with specific beliefs. However, this turn suggests that people should not be pigeonholed into a certain belief system based on one issue.


There are several photographs of Wolfert in the book wearing an apron. What's written on the apron is - keep calm and follow the recipe. Now, she is known for being able to remember recipes in great detail and tasting something and knowing what's in it. You make the recipes in the book very detailed with very clear instructions and accurate measurements - more detailed than her books were, as I recall. Why'd you do that?

Her cookbooks assume a high degree of cooking experience. Her biggest audience were professional chefs. And she basically wrote her books for them. I wanted to let anybody cook these. Obviously, couscous is one of the most difficult recipes in the book. We chose most of her most accessible recipes so that you could discover the wonderful flavors of pomegranate molasses or sumac. Or - we wanted everyone to be able to enjoy the incredible layered and truly unforgettable flavors of the best Paula Wolfert recipes.

Well, let's get back to our country and this weekend. This is the Thanksgiving holiday. So I'm going to ask you for a recommendation for a post-Thanksgiving antidote.

Absolutely. The cracked green olive relish, which is from southeastern Turkey, is a terrific palate cleanser. And it uses wonderful fall foods like pomegranate seeds. And you just want to be careful making it because you'll never want to stop making it. It's so good.

turn 2 : VIC lost control over eating for multiple days, not just one day

turn 2 : He would be fulfilling a government role and Trump makes it look like he does all of the work.

turn 2 : Obama is being tested to see if he is capable of successfully managing a crisis.

turn 2 : An antidote is a cure for all disease which is funny that an antidote can make the fatigue from eating Thanksgiving disappear.

turn 2 : Obama is not yet in power but is being kept informed of the situation


And if you get. . .

. . . That may have been repeated in the media.

If you get 10 lawyers in a room, you're going to have 12 different opinions.

Do you want to see Robert Mueller testify before Congress?

You know, there are some that would like to see him come and testify. I think most people say, look; the report is filed. What more are you going to learn?

turn 4 : The congressional committees are trying to gain public attention and support for their investigations, while Mueller is working in the shadows and his findings will only be revealed when it is time to take legal action.

turn 4 : something that was hinted at or suggested, but not directly stated. When a person looks at his watch

turn 4 : There is no need for Robert Mueller to testify since the report is already filed.


The tragedy in Burma is it's just hard for us to comprehend. It is true that the current projections are that the numbers will rise significantly. I've heard numbers as high as 50,000 people being killed. So it's something that just automatically pulls at the heartstrings.

And you know, Farai, scientists have discovered that human beings are actually wired to be altruistic, so it's a part of our DNA. It's natural for us to want to give. We see a crisis, we want to give. And so I think it's really important to acknowledge that, and to really encourage people to give. It can. The giving, overwhelming giving for a major public emergency like this can have a negative impact on other parts of the world. We've seen it in the past.

For example, when the tsunami hit Asia, several years ago, where a quarter of a million people lost their lives, you saw relief and development organizations flooded with donations. OxFam UK, at a certain point, actually had to refuse donations because they no longer had the capacity to actually program funds. So what I would actually advocate for those that are really interested in making contributions, is to give responsibly. To really look at those organizations that you are interested in making a contribution to, and making your donation in flexible kinds of ways. . .

So, for general support as opposed to necessarily for one thing.

turn 0 : The situation in Burma is heartbreaking and difficult to comprehend due to the high death toll.

turn 0 : The situation is horrifying because no safety measures have been put in place for the return of the Rohingya.

turn 0 : implies that the Mexican government is trying to portray El Chapo in a negative light by discussing details of his private life.

turn 0 : By contributiing to Trump's campaign they are seen as contributing to the mistreatment of Hispanics because Trump speads this kind of rhetoric. They are giving Trump the means to continue his divisive rhetoric.

turn 0 : He used racist language but tried to hide it behind humor.


turn 0 : The tragedy in Burma is something that is difficult for us to fully understand emotionally.

turn 0 : The story is emotional and difficult to hear.

turn 0 : B has found purpose and meaning in life despite grief.

turn 0 : Mothers who have lost their children recognize and approach each other for comfort.

turn 0 : The speaker keeps the happy memories of her past with her loved ones locked up inside her to deal with her grief.


turn 1 : Human beings have an innate desire to help others in times of crisis, but excessive giving can have negative consequences.

turn 1 : Nobody wants to be helped when they can help themselves.

turn 1 : By contributiing to Trump's campaign they are seen as contributing to the mistreatment of Hispanics because Trump speads this kind of rhetoric. They are giving Trump the means to continue his divisive rhetoric.

turn 1 : Republicans have a tough time winning over Latino voters

turn 1 : "What's the reaction in El Salvador been to the president's comments and, for that matter, your personal reaction?"


turn 2 : Donating responsibly and researching the organizations one is donating to is important in ensuring that the funds are used effectively.

turn 2 : (3): The research requires a lot of different initiatives. = It takes a lot of effort to research this field.

turn 2 : The literal meaning of (3) is that no one is taking credit for the decision to go after old debts owed to the government. However, the implied meaning is that there is a lack of accountability and transparency within the government, as no one is willing to take responsibility for the decision.

turn 2 : The implied meaning of the speaker's response to the question of overturning the Affordable Care Act is that they don't only want to do away with it, but also to replace it with something better.

turn 2 : The implied meaning of this turn is that the implementation of the ACA has not achieved its goals as intended, as evidenced by the fact that many states have opted out of Medicaid, leaving many people uninsured and leading to an increasing number of rural hospital closures.


turn 2 : When making a donation, it's important to do research and give to organizations in a flexible way.

turn 2 : The story was told to people and many became aware of it.

turn 2 : The success came quickly with one book after writing for many years.

turn 2 : She wanted the book to be written for the world to read. Many writers do not have their work published on a large enough scale for a large number of people to read it.  The literary world is the people that work in writing and publishing written work.


Yes, absolutely. It's an era that began shortly after the Civil War, when Congress, in order to allow the former Confederate states back into the Union, insisted that they hold constitutional conventions which would make it possible for black men to vote. And so that caused a kind of electoral revolution in the south. You suddenly had blacks not only voting, something that they were very enthusiastic about, but also electing black officials for the first time. So you had the beginning of a series of about 20 black congressmen who came to Washington from the south and served through - in the end of reconstruction in the late 1870s and then, as you mentioned, all the way up to George White, the very end of the century.

Now, you write about the first seven black members of Congress. What did they have in common beside their race?For example, they weren't all former slaves, were they?

The one thing that I think they had in common was that they all were very exceptional people. Some of them had been slaves. Some had been free blacks. What they had in common was a kind of a, you know, sort of ambition to lead and to serve.

Of these early black politicians, who stands out for you and why?

turn 3 : Implied meaning: Amused disbelief at the sudden change in the status quo.

turn 3 : the phenomenon described in the book is extraordinary and could be perceived as a miracle by some readers, even though the literal meaning is simply acknowledging that the phenomenon is portrayed realistically in the book.

turn 3 : It's a high level concept but it's exaggeration to say that it's fictional.

turn 3 : "Stands out"  meaning that who is the most exceptional, not meaning to stand outside of everyone else

turn 3 : A thinks that the world prefers simple or sad narratives over other themes.


And there is a correlation between dogfighting rings and other crimes, perhaps?

Oh, my God, yes. You know, if you've got dogfighting and gambling, you got just about any type of crime that goes with it. It - and that's what people are more aware of.

What is the line, as research has established it, between people who abuse animals and violence against other human beings?

Well, the research is very clear. And it's been there for a long time, as I said earlier. Law enforcement just hasn't got it yet, even though some have. Some agencies do a very good job. It's growing. If you look back at Son of Sam and Dahmer and. . .

turn 3 : Turn (4) is implying that even though research has been conducted in this area, law enforcement has not been paying attention to it and is only now beginning to do so.

turn 3 : The federal government has investigated alternatives to lethal force and improving police-community relations for decades, but these techniques have not gained enough traction.

turn 3 :  In (3), the implied meaning is that some parents have chosen not to vaccinate their children, which may be contributing to the measles problem.

turn 3 : one-two punch implies that the vaccine works through a series of actions to produce a result

turn 3 : It implies how important vaccination is against seasonal flu.


turn 3 : This turn is literal in meaning, as it is a straightforward question asking about the speaker's children.

turn 3 : That's what won, finally, the attention of the old man. And only when he was tough did the old man respect him. And I think when his father became incapacitated, Bobby began to resort to who he was as a kid.  The literal meaning would indicate that the person gained the attention and respect of their father by being tough, and when their father became incapacitated, they reverted to their childhood behavior. However, the implied meaning suggests that the person's father only recognized and valued them when they displayed strength and resilience, and when their father's condition changed, they reverted to their true self, which may have included aspects of vulnerability or a different set of values.

turn 3 : He had to find a way to keep the students from becoming bored and distracted.

turn 3 : The attack looked so perfect, like something straight out of the movies.

turn 3 : The turn has a literal meaning, but it also contains two cultural references. "Son of Sam" refers to David Berkowitz, a notorious serial killer who terrorized New York City in the 1970s. "Dahmer" refers to Jeffrey Dahmer, another infamous serial killer who murdered at least 17 young men and boys in the 1980s and early 1990s. The references serve to illustrate the link between animal cruelty and violence against humans, which has been established through research.


Given the scale of what's happened in terms of tens of thousands killed, given the escalating partisan-sectarian nature of this conflict, do you hold out much hope that diplomacy can play a constructive role?

Well, diplomacy doesn't always work. And believe me, I could testify to that. I dealt with the North Koreans for four years. And even the Serb/Kosovo issue didn't actually end with a diplomatic agreement, although we would not have gotten the Europeans on board for NATO action, had we not gone through the diplomatic process. But I would say the hope of getting a diplomatic agreement in Syria is certainly probably greater than getting a military victory of one side or the other.

Plus, even if you get a military victory, you still have the same problems of what this thing is going to look like after someone claims victory. So I think we do need to give this our best shot, get everyone who wants to see a solution in Syria together. And if the net result of this has been to somehow improve U. S. -Russian ties, which could use a couple of upticks, so be it.

I mean, that was certainly the upshot of the - of our North Korean negotiations. We didn't dissuade them from nuclear programs. But we sure as heck got the U. S.  and China on the same page. And, you know, sometimes things take a lot time in diplomacy. But I think we're seeing some of the benefits of that now several years later.

Ambassador Hill, thanks very much.

turn 2 : The Russian goverment doesn't get many chances to do the right thing where people all over the world will see and know about it.

turn 2 : "address the growing inequality crisis" - Literal meaning: to deal with the issue of inequality that is becoming more severe. Actual meaning: to take measures to reduce the gap between the rich and poor and provide support for those who are struggling.

turn 2 : This statement implies that B wants to know how A's family are dealing with the downturn economy and what the also think about America's economy.

turn 2 : "state of the economy" - This turn has a figurative meaning, as it refers to the overall condition of the economy rather than a specific physical location.

turn 2 : We need to give it our best attempt and relations with Russia could use some help to get better.


That's right. Rand Paul inherits a tremendous base from his father Ron Paul, but also that ceiling that you're referring to, which is largely foreign policy. Ron Paul always had great buzz. He really did. And he had some fundraising and disappointing vote totals. His persona was never enough to really attract people. And Rand Paul brings a kind of youthful freshness to libertarianism that his father never did.

Jeb Bush resigned from more corporate boards recently than most of us have chopping boards in our kitchen. Is there a chance he won't run for president now?

Not anymore. He's cleared his decks. As you mentioned, he's gotten a lot of financial stuff out of the way, old emails from his time in public office. The fundraising operations he's created are a clear sign, also, the team he's assembling, the social media presence. Four years ago, he said he had family issues that kept him from running. And now perhaps he feels he's resolved those. But whether he has or not, he is running.

A question I wouldn't have projected even a few weeks ago - is there any more room for Chris Christie?And should he have stayed home and watched that Cowboys-Lions game?

turn 3 : Implied meaning: Is South Carolina in a position to determine the fate of the Republican primary race between Donald Trump and the other candidates? Will there be any candidates that stand out in the GOP debate tonight, or will Trump be the clear winner?

turn 3 : implies that the meeting was focused on discussing how to achieve party unity and defeat John McCain in November. However, the actual meaning could be that the meeting was a bargaining session where Obama and Clinton discussed potential terms for Clinton to drop out of the race and endorse Obama. This is not explicitly stated yet is a possible subtextual meaning.

turn 3 :  Implied meaning: Is there space for Chris Christie to enter the presidential race and has he made a mistake by attending the Cowboys-Lions game?

turn 3 :  "Frankly, they kind of overdo it, you know? So for blacks to support Obama, he's got to make up his mind. Is he African or American? Because he can't be both. That doesn't make sense." The literal meaning of this turn is that Obama cannot be both African and American, and that it is difficult for black people to support him. However, the actual meaning is that there is a sense of confusion and identity crisis regarding Obama's background, and that this confusion affects how some black people feel about him.

turn 3 :  implies that the questioner is asking if the effort to repeal the Affordable Care Act is completely over, while (4) implies that the questioner is suggesting that there are more important issues that the conversation could have started with than North Korea or Russia.


It did. There's no doubt that people said, look, it's kind of like the Oklahoma land rush. We're going to rush out over the human genome, stake our claims, have patent protection. It gives us an incentive to go out there and look through the vast number of genes that make up us and figure out whether we can find disease correlations and so on. That said, that was kind of the old model, Scott. The newer way to go at this is to change those genes - try to insert a gene, alter a gene.

This is the synthetic material.

That's the synthetic side. And that's where the action is now. It's not, you know, the companies that were out there doing what I'm calling the turf grabs across the genome, in a way I think their work is over and the action is going to be on the synthetic side.

Which I think to repeat - what we said when introducing you - that's legally fine, right?

turn 2 : There was almost a competition for who had the authority of the the situation.

turn 2 : The companies were not grabbing turf but claiming things as their own.

turn 2 : "Sanders only calls himself a Democrat when he's seeking to be the party nominee for president." - The literal meaning of this turn is that Sanders identifies as a Democrat only when he is running for the party's presidential nomination. The actual meaning is that the speaker is implying that Sanders is not a true Democrat.

turn 2 : Although there are varying poll results, all of them show that Barack Obama is consistently ahead.

turn 2 :  "Frankly, they kind of overdo it, you know? So for blacks to support Obama, he's got to make up his mind. Is he African or American? Because he can't be both. That doesn't make sense." The literal meaning of this turn is that Obama cannot be both African and American, and that it is difficult for black people to support him. However, the actual meaning is that there is a sense of confusion and identity crisis regarding Obama's background, and that this confusion affects how some black people feel about him.


And then they also passed another thing that actually goes into effect immediately, which is the expansion of this committee that would be empowered to make inquiries into churches' handling of abuse as well as some other things. Those - that committee could then refer their inquiries and responses to the executive committee, which then could decide whether or not the - or the church is in what's called friendly cooperation with the broader conventions.

OK, so two fairly significant-sounding changes - and when you say they passed overwhelmingly, give me some sense of the numbers.

At least two-thirds of the people there.

What was the reaction like in the room as people understood that that's what was happening, that these changes were being voted through?

turn 0 : The church has hurt many people and concealed crimes.

turn 0 : "I'm doing well, but some people aren't. And let's talk about these figures and really, what is shifting in our economy right now in terms of the different sectors where people are losing these tens of thousands of jobs?" - The literal meaning is a statement about the current state of the economy and its impact on employment. The implied meaning is a suggestion to discuss the economic issues and the resulting job losses.

turn 0 : The committee will investigate churches' mishandling of abuse cases.

turn 0 : None found - the turns "less talk about trade" and "focused on unemployment" appear to have their literal meanings.

turn 0 : Many people are losing their jobs and companies are going bankrupt.


Yes.

And how do you guys work?For example, on a song "Don't Forget the Ghetto. "How did you guys combine your talents to make that song?

Well, on that particular song, I mean, the song was already written. The lyrics and the melody, you know, was already there. In that sort of situation, Victor will listen to what I'm singing, and how I'm singing it, and the he will kind of start vibing off that, and start kind of coloring the lyrics and the melody of the song, and put in his, kind of, creative input into it. So that's really how that song came about. It was very much his song, and, you know, the melody's already there, and then Victor just kind of did his thing around it.

What's the song about?

turn 1 : B disagrees with the premise of the question but is willing to discuss it further.

turn 1 : B is asking about the process of collaboration, not the literal combination of talents.

turn 1 : The damage itself can not face anything. The cause of the damage, the person or people are what is meant here.

turn 1 : broke implies having bodily injury and not referring to being financially ruined

turn 1 : "getting impaled by a spear is not that good" - The literal meaning suggests that getting impaled by a spear is not a positive experience. However, the implied meaning is that getting impaled by a spear is extremely dangerous and can result in severe injuries or even death.


Unidentified Children's Choir: (Singing) They don't teach us the ABCs We play on the hard concrete All we got is life on the streets All we got is life on the streets

(Singing) Rock, you know my era B-boy seasoning, salt-n-pepa Grown and sexy, come with the extra Crushed up linen, fly like Cessna…

Mr.  K'NAAN: I have so many different influences and inspirations and I feel like there's never a reason to disguise those influences. I think "ABC's" is just like a classic K'naan song in the sense that it gives you the conflict of, should I dance or should I think, you know.

Does suffering make for more realistic rap lyrics and provide more credibility the more you suffer?

turn 0 : There is a dangerous situation happening that requires people to seek shelter and take precautions.

turn 0 : Not every parolee who violates a rule is sent back to prison immediately

turn 0 : All they have is the way of life that takes place outside of buildings.

turn 0 : A is in prison and has developed coping mechanisms to get through the day. He keeps himself busy and tries not to dwell on negative thoughts.

turn 0 : A implies that he wants to show the consequences of breaking the law, even for the main character, despite doing it for the right reasons.


This is Day to Day from NPR News. I'm Alex Cohen. Today, federal marshals continued their search for a 38-year-old man from Indiana. They believe Marcus Schrenker faked a distress call while flying his single engine plane over Alabama shortly before he parachuted out of it. The plane later crashed in a swamp 200 miles away in Florida.

Schrenker is an investment manager, and it appears he was in some financial difficulty. With more now, we're joined by business reporter Jeff Swiatek, who joins us from the newsroom of the Indianapolis Star. Jeff, welcome to the program. And could you tell us why federal marshals are assuming this distress call was fake?

Well, I guess all the evidence seems to point that way. His distress call mentioned an imploded windscreen on his airplane. When they scrambled some military jets to check out the plane, the windshield was still intact, and the wreckage on the ground also indicates the windshield is intact.

So Schrenker parachutes out of this plane. Do they know where he went after that?

turn 2 : Schrenker's distress call was fabricated and he left the plane intentionally

turn 2 : Mr. Schrenker is in serious trouble and may be trying to escape legal consequences.

turn 2 : Jay's character development highlights the complexities of an immigrant's relationship with their home and adopted countries.

turn 2 : the narrator mention of non Mexican asylum-seekers so it is odd to see non Mexican asylum seekers setting place in Mexico.

turn 2 : The speaker wants to address the negative views towards immigrants in America and reject white nationalism and xenophobia


I don't think so. Like I told you earlier, you know, what I see on the ground is the agents going out of their ways, you know, in rescuing these people. It's a shame to shadow that heroism with the social media.

Do you worry about the mental health of Border Patrol agents?Do you worry about people who are just sick, tired, fed up, overwhelmed?Are you seeing evidence in Customs and Border Protection that people are burning out?

We've heard people talking that they were - they are burning out. There's agents talking about how they have to call in sick more regularly than before.

Why?

turn 1 : to be burned out means you are sick of doing the same thing.

turn 1 : burning out implies that people are being frustrated and not burnt out in fire

turn 1 : The decision to let Lehman Brothers fail was a key factor in the credit market freeze

turn 1 : There is a sense of panic in the financial system and central banks are the only ones willing to finance the banking sector.

turn 1 : Central bankers' actions have positively affected the market.


Yes. So, given the fact that I had been able to, you know, prove myself under harsh circumstances, prove my judgment, my composure, my, you know, warrior spirit, if you will, despite all this and despite the medals that came and the valor devices and everything - you know, there's a position called a combat controller. And the officer version of that is a special tactics officer. It would have been right up my alley. Despite everything that I had just proven, I was barred from even applying for that job.

Major Hegar, I got to ask you a couple of questions. I want it understood they in no way question your valor, your physical, mental or emotional capabilities. But, you know, the U. S.  Marine Corps, for example, has a 12-week course for officers that's a prerequisite for leaving infantry units. And the first two women who tried to make it through that course last year didn't.

Right.

Do you think standards should in any way be changed so that you get more equal numbers of men and women?

turn 1 : The interviewer reminds the speaker of what they've been saying, which is different from what the speaker is saying now.

turn 1 : The federal government has taken control of mortgage companies Freddy Mac and Fannie Mae

turn 1 : The collapse of Lehman Brothers caused chaos and accelerated the failure of the financial system.

turn 1 : If mortgage companies agree to modify loans according to government standards, the government will help shoulder future losses.

turn 1 :  This statement implies that the interviewer has doubts about Major Hegar's capabilities, but is not directly expressing them.


Right.

turn 3 : Opinions on gender differences are subjective and not absolute, hence should not be generalized to all men and women

turn 3 : Julianne is expressing appreciation for Tony's invitation to the conversation.

turn 3 : This statement implies that the interviewer is suggesting the standards be changed to encourage more equal numbers of men and women, instead of asking a question.

turn 3 : There were some personal problems, and he is trying to understand the reason behind them without being too direct.

turn 3 : A is trying to add some humor to the conversation


Thank you.

Why do you think more teens are identifying as transgender or gender nonconforming?

Well, I think there's been a long history of advocacy and fighting for that visibility. And there's more media attention and celebrities coming out. That has increased visibility. And with more schools having more GSAs and clubs, it gives youth a chance to feel like they can talk about their gender exploration and live more like their authentic self.

To what extent do you see this study as a reflection of teens feeling more comfortable in diverse gender identities versus teens sort of experimenting with their identities and how they describe themselves?

turn 1 : Opinions on gender differences are subjective and not absolute, hence should not be generalized to all men and women

turn 1 : The management at NBC did not reach out to the speaker despite their public testimony of harassment.

turn 1 : Jesse Jackson wanted to assert his power over Obama by threatening his manhood

turn 1 : The park is segregated, and the African American kids are not allowed to play in it.

turn 1 : B is asking for A's opinion on the increase in identification of teens as transgender or gender nonconforming.


Thank you.

turn 2 : Adolescence is when children change and is not easy to go through.

turn 2 : "start today's program" - This turn literally means the beginning of the program, but it implies the start of discussing a tragic event rather than a typical program.

turn 2 : A believes that media attention, celebrities, and advocacy efforts have contributed to more teens feeling comfortable in identifying as transgender or gender nonconforming.

turn 2 : "How did this start?" - This turn has a literal meaning and it is asking for the beginning of something.

turn 2 : The implied meaning of the first turn is that people have become apathetic to the problems facing the city and are not taking action.


Thank you.

turn 3 : Life is going to be a challenge due to reduced circumstances.

turn 3 : Life is going to be a struggle due to limited resources

turn 3 : The problem is extremely hard and difficult to understand as well as constantly changing.

turn 3 : B is asking A to distinguish between teens who experiment with gender identities and those who genuinely feel comfortable identifying outside of traditional gender roles.


So tell me - is it something special when these holidays overlap?They are generally close, but not like this year where they're just - one is right on top of the other one.

That's right. They don't always overlap for reasons that have to do with oddities in astronomical calculations than anything else because they actually share a common history. And I think that it is special when they overlap because Christians are certainly able to see more readily how the roots of their Easter celebrations are intimately connected with the celebration of Passover. And perhaps Jews also see the sense of affinity that they have with their Christian neighbors and perhaps find other ways in which their own celebrations are illuminated.

You know, one of the things that is said every year at the Seder that I go to is that the last supper was a seder.

That's absolutely right. We can't be sure that it was a seder quite like those that are more familiar from recent times because, in fact, strange as it may seem, the stories of the Last Supper are among the oldest evidence we have for anybody celebrating a seder. And yet they don't include some of those lovely details that are familiar to so many - the series of cups of wine or all the special foods or the questions that are asked. But it's absolutely true that the bulk of the earliest Christian material identifies the Last Supper as a meal celebrated at Passover by Jesus with His disciples, even though they're a bit short on the ritual detail.

turn 1 : The turn that has an implied meaning different from its literal meaning is (2) when B asks, "Can you explain what part of Donald Trump's message is working with religious voters so that they would overlook maybe even some of their basic Christian beliefs to support him?" The literal meaning of the question is straightforward,

turn 1 : The speaker is suggesting that the situation might not be as serious or dangerous as it initially seemed.

turn 1 : The speaker is hinting that the situation is difficult or complex.

turn 1 : The implied meaning behind this turn is that Christians and Jews can find commonality in their respective holiday celebrations, thus creating a sense of connection.

turn 1 : The implied meaning of (3) is to encourage people to learn and understand the connection between the hurricanes, tornadoes and other natural disasters, without relying on someone else to do it for them.


Yeah, indeed. Tell us about the damage from the storm. And were people prepared?

You know, people had evacuated low-lying coastal areas that are prone to flooding and that were in danger of a storm surge that would come from a hurricane like this. So people were prepared. But it looks like the main issue is going to be flooding. Here in downtown Mobile, some streets are underwater. South of here in some neighborhoods, there were some high-water rescues overnight - people who lived along waterways stranded in their homes where there are floodwaters.

And as you mentioned earlier, like, something - like, more, than 100,000 people out of power. And this is over a wide area - Mississippi, Alabama and then the Florida Panhandle, as well. So now it's time to sort of see what the damage is and what's next. And this storm is still moving. So there are going to be impacts felt for the rest of the day.

Just briefly - we have about 30 seconds left - are there enough resources to cope with all these disasters?It's been such an intense hurricane season.

turn 1 : The trailer homes were severely damaged due to the tornado and people were forced to evacuate.

turn 1 : Implied meaning: What topics will be discussed at the summit?

turn 1 : People were evacuated to avoid the storm surge

turn 1 :  (4) - Implied meaning: What thoughts or feelings were you experiencing in that moment?

turn 1 : The literal meaning of turn (4) is that the speaker could have reached the summit of K2 but chose not to risk losing their fingers or a tip of a finger. However, the implied meaning is that the speaker prioritizes their physical well-being over the achievement of reaching the summit of K2. This suggests that the speaker is sensible and cautious when it comes to decision-making, even in high-risk situations.


turn 2 : No one is currently out due to the strong winds

turn 2 : it is a metaphorical field, it just means there are not as many candidates running for the election as there was in the past because some decided not to continue running

turn 2 : The field is not getting physically smaller, it has less candidates.

turn 2 : Over 100,000 people are without power due to the storm

turn 2 : when something is made clear in this context it means that it is explained so people understand


Exactly so. Dopamine, the opiates, these are the chemicals of pleasure and addiction.

So, some people have questioned whether or not there really can be something like technology addiction. What makes you so sure that there is?

Well, there are certain signs and symptoms. All addictions have certain patterns. They - it really involves somebody being able to feel high from engaging in the activity, beginning to lose control over that, and find themselves really behaving in a compulsive way with it, and going into withdrawal when they are not able to engage in that, and then engaging in the behavior in spite of negative consequences. So, that general pattern holds for all addictions, and it holds very much so for these high-tech addictions as well.

Let's talk about the whole idea of withdrawal, because if you have a chemical addiction, withdrawal, you know, for example, from heroin can include things like sweats and, you know, body aches and all sorts of physical symptoms, but what do you really mean by withdrawal from technology?

turn 0 : People are ashamed to admit they're addicted to computer games.

turn 0 : Certain chemicals in the brain are associated with pleasure and addiction.

turn 0 : Countries imposing tariffs on each other leads to mutual harm, hence the need for multilateral negotiations

turn 0 : The United States uses its power in international trade to exert influence over other countries

turn 0 : U.S. businesses perform well when there's access to foreign markets and a chance to compete. More free trade agreements with other countries are wanted.


The majority of the Secret Service agents were very acceptable of me coming in to the White House detail. There were only a few who were dead-set against any integration policies or equal-opportunity policies that were being enforced by President Kennedy, giving equal opportunity to all people, regardless of race, religion, color or ethnic background.

And I think that President Kennedy was serious, and he was doing these things not for a political purpose, but because he felt it in his heart that America could be a much better place if we didn't have all of these divisions and restrictions on people of ethnic backgrounds and minorities.

So now I foresaw that the weaknesses in the protection on President Kennedy would allow his assassination if any serious attempt would be made against his life, and I did everything in my power to stem that threat against our young president.

What threats did you hear against the president's life and when?

turn 1 : The president was satisfied with how he was perceived.

turn 1 : The economic situation is causing a significant decrease in hiring, sales, and investment.

turn 1 : "he felt it in his heart" - This phrase means that President Kennedy strongly believed in the cause of equal opportunity and integration, rather than just thinking about it logically.

turn 1 : There are better meat choices to reduce environmental impact.

turn 1 : The restaurant is experiencing a decline in business due to the current economic situation


Yeah. Let's move back into the beltway for a moment. How are Republican lawmakers responding?They've got their own business to focus on right now, and this Comey story can't help.

No. In private, they are really gnashing their teeth. Some of them worry about Trump's stability. They - off the record, they'll call him prickly and emotional and undisciplined. They feel that everything he did this week is hurting their ability to focus on health care and taxes and the economy and jobs. They're worried that it's going to depress Republican candidate recruitment and help Democrats. But - this is important - publicly, they are standing with him. And only a small handful of Republicans have come out in support of a special prosecutor or a select committee to look into Russian meddling.

All right, there's no disputing that the FBI director serves at the pleasure of the president. So if this isn't a legal issue, the dismissal of Comey, then what is it?

Well, that's right. Legally, President Trump has the right to fire the FBI director for any reason or no reason at all. Whether this amounts to obstruction of justice is not clear. But there is a reason that, although there is no law requiring this, presidents have always upheld the norm of making sure that federal law enforcement is supposed to be independent. And that's why the FBI director gets a 10-year term. That's why presidents usually take care not to give even the appearance of interference in an FBI investigation, especially one relating to their own campaign.

turn 1 : "Don't try to chew that gum" has a figurative meaning. It is a warning or joke to not try to interact with the virtual gum as if it were real gum.

turn 1 : The prison industry has become too expensive for some states to handle and rehabilitation is a possible solution

turn 1 : gnashing their teeth implies they are very unhappy about it

turn 1 : A believes that Maduro's actions are similar to those in Rwanda and that a peaceful solution is needed

turn 1 : The states are considering new strategies to reduce prison population and save money for other budget priorities.


Good to be with you.

Immediate fallout would be Jeb Bush's problem. He needed a revival, and he wound up looking worse than he had in the first two debates and out on the stump as well. The memorable punches in these debates tend to be counter punches. And Bush went after his one-time protege, Marco Rubio, and Rubio came back smart, fast, tough and got a highlight moment out of it, just one of several for Rubio, by the way.

Now, at the same time, nobody's cast a single vote yet. Jeb Bush is sitting on a lot of money, and, of course, he has a name that's instantly recognizable. Is there really talk that this could be the end of his candidacy?

turn 1 : Two people in particular, Trump and Cruz, Donald Trump and Ted Cruz. Trump is no longer the dominating personality that he was, but he's still the name leading in national polls and in most of the early states. Cruz, though, is the central figure in this particular debate if only because he was the object of most of the attacks from the other candidates. And he is masterful at slipping the punch, changing the subject, turning the criticism back onto others.  In this turn, the actual meaning goes beyond the literal meaning. The speaker is not simply providing a factual description of the debate and the candidates, but they are also implying that Trump's dominance has diminished, although he still leads in polls. They also suggest that Cruz's ability to deflect criticism and turn it against others makes him a significant figure in the debate. The implied meaning is about the shifting dynamics and strategies of the candidates and their relative strengths.

turn 1 : The literal meaning is discussing the possibility of Maduro's government detaining Guaido, but the implied meaning is that Guaido is confident in his own safety and that Maduro's government is unstable.

turn 1 : "one of that government's last mistakes" - This is a figurative expression, meaning that detaining Guaido would have serious consequences for Maduro's government, potentially leading to its downfall.

turn 1 : Well, for a long time, Juan Guaido has been saying that he's not interested in talking to Maduro. He doesn't recognize Maduro as Venezuela's legitimate president, arguing that the election that returned Maduro to a second term last year was a fraud.  The literal meaning of this turn is straightforward - Juan Guaido has publicly stated his unwillingness to hold talks with Maduro and does not consider him to be the legitimate president of Venezuela. However, the implied meaning of this turn is more complex and includes the political context of the situation, such as the ongoing power struggle in Venezuela and the efforts of Guaido and his supporters to remove Maduro from power.

turn 1 : This last Republican debate may have been the most contentious, at least between the candidates and the questioners. What do you see as the immediate fallout?"  In this turn, the implied meaning is that the Republican debate was highly intense and filled with conflict, especially between the candidates and the questioners. The speaker is asking about the immediate consequences or repercussions of such a heated debate, suggesting that there might be significant outcomes or effects stemming from it. The implied meaning goes beyond a simple description of the debate's level of contention.


Good to be with you.

turn 2 : Two people in particular, Trump and Cruz, Donald Trump and Ted Cruz. Trump is no longer the dominating personality that he was, but he's still the name leading in national polls and in most of the early states. Cruz, though, is the central figure in this particular debate if only because he was the object of most of the attacks from the other candidates. And he is masterful at slipping the punch, changing the subject, turning the criticism back onto others.  In this turn, the actual meaning goes beyond the literal meaning. The speaker is not simply providing a factual description of the debate and the candidates, but they are also implying that Trump's dominance has diminished, although he still leads in polls. They also suggest that Cruz's ability to deflect criticism and turn it against others makes him a significant figure in the debate. The implied meaning is about the shifting dynamics and strategies of the candidates and their relative strengths.

turn 2 : "Immediate fallout would be Jeb Bush's problem. He needed a revival, and he wound up looking worse than he had in the first two debates and out on the stump as well. The memorable punches in these debates tend to be counter punches. And Bush went after his one-time protege, Marco Rubio, and Rubio came back smart, fast, tough and got a highlight moment out of it, just one of several for Rubio, by the way."  Here, the speaker is discussing the consequences or negative outcomes for Jeb Bush after the debate. The implied meaning is that Jeb Bush's performance in the debate was disappointing or damaging for his campaign. The speaker highlights that memorable moments in debates usually involve counter-attacks or responses, and in this case, Jeb Bush targeted Marco Rubio, but Rubio responded effectively and gained a notable moment. The implied meaning goes beyond a literal description of the events and emphasizes the impact on Jeb Bush's candidacy.

turn 2 : (3) The implied meaning is that there is a great sense of uncertainty and concern about what will happen next, and it's not clear whether the situation is still a political game or has escalated to military brinksmanship. The literal meaning is consistent with this implied meaning.

turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker might be implying a hidden agenda or ulterior motive behind their words, actions, or decisions, without making it explicit.

turn 2 :  (3) is not a meaningful statement, so its actual meaning is different from its literal meaning.


At the Melbourne Zoo, the monkeys are no longer allowed to eat bananas. And the pandas are getting pellets instead of plums. In fact, fruit has been phased out completely. That's because the fruit that humans have selectively bred over the years has become so full of sugar the zoo's fruitarian animals were becoming obese and losing teeth. So how did fruit get so sugary?And what does that mean for us humans?We're putting those questions to food writer and author Frederick Kaufman, who joins us now. Welcome to the program.

Oh. Hi. How are you?

I'm great. Thanks. So how has fruit changed since humans intervened in this process?

Well, listen. Since about 10,000 years ago in the origin of agriculture, human beings have been messing around with the sex life of plants. What you're looking at is natural varieties, which are puny, which are tasteless, which have no smell. And the farmers were like, we can do better than this. And they started crossbreeding almost from the get-go.

turn 3 : Humans began changing the way plants spread and grew.

turn 3 : The jungle was transformed by early civilizations through farming, terracing, irrigation, and building.

turn 3 : "Have you been able to restore the populations to any extent?" This turn has a literal meaning. It asks whether any progress has been made in increasing the population of the tortoises.

turn 3 : In turn (3), the speaker uses the word "hunting" to refer to the killing of tortoises, but this word carries a connotation of hunting for sport or pleasure, rather than the more utilitarian and exploitative meaning of the word as used in the context of the Galapagos tortoise population. Additionally, the speaker uses the phrase "all alone up there" to describe George's isolation on his island, when in fact the actual location of the island is not specified and the use of the phrase "up there" is a colloquial expression that does not convey any specific location or orientation.

turn 3 : "Nothing worked out." - The literal meaning of this sentence is that none of the attempts to recover the Pinta population of tortoises were successful. However, the actual meaning conveyed by the speaker is more negative in tone, suggesting that their efforts were futile and perhaps even frustrating.


That's the idea. With the blue ASU, the Army tried to - it was kind of supposed to be a throwback to the Civil War or to the Revolutionary War when soldiers wore navy-blue jackets. But it wasn't and hasn't been very recognizable to the public. Everyone knows what a Marine looks like. You know what a sailor looks like. Officers wear those nice dress whites. But that ASU wasn't as recognizable. And I think part of the idea behind this is that people have seen movies. They recognize what a World War II-era soldier looked like. And so there's a lot of - yes - public admiration for seeing the guy in the olive-drab suit.

And when are they going to make the decision?

There's supposed to be a decision this spring - so within the next few months. I think, though, the last bit of it is the sergeant major and a couple of models that he has who are wearing prototypes have been going around to events, going to Capitol Hill, getting, you know, Congress and the lawmakers to sign off, to give their stamp of approval and then, in the next couple of months, make a final decision about mass-producing it.

Meghann Myers of the Army Times, thanks so much.

turn 0 : The blue ASU uniform is not recognizable to the public and the Army is trying to change that by making it resemble the uniforms from World War II-era that people recognize from movies.

turn 0 : The green berets are a military organization that wears green berets.

turn 0 :  "leaving one of the world's most endangered animals seemingly unprotected" is a turn whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning. The phrase "seemingly unprotected" suggests that there may be some protection for the animal, but it is not clear or uncertain. The literal meaning would be that there is absolutely no protection for the animal.

turn 0 : "Have you been able to restore the populations to any extent?" This turn has a literal meaning. It asks whether any progress has been made in increasing the population of the tortoises.

turn 0 : "Nothing worked out." - The literal meaning of this sentence is that none of the attempts to recover the Pinta population of tortoises were successful. However, the actual meaning conveyed by the speaker is more negative in tone, suggesting that their efforts were futile and perhaps even frustrating.


It could be any number of things, Scott. It - there was a sidebar that, as you know, was sealed. In other words, the conversation was not made public. Could be something related to a witness scheduling issue. It could be something related to an issue that the government and the defense jointly need to work out. Could be any number of things.

I raise this because, of course, the judge has gotten a lot of attention for being tough on the prosecution. He even apologized for being too sharp. You've appeared before Judge Ellis.

Many times.

Is he crankery and colorful, or does he cross the line?

turn 0 : The conversation was private and sealed, so it's unclear what was discussed.

turn 0 : The speaker may be hinting at a hidden agenda. They may be suggesting that the people they are talking to are not being completely honest and may be hiding something. This could be in a business situation, where the speaker suspects that the other party is not giving them all the information they need to make an informed decision. It could also be in a personal or romantic situation, where the speaker is suggesting that the other person is not being completely honest.

turn 0 :  "Why is he the last of his kind?" - The literal meaning of this question is asking for the reason behind George being the last of his species. The actual meaning is more complex, as the speaker is likely asking for an explanation of the genetic factors that led to the extinction of the Pinta tortoise population and George's unique genetic makeup.

turn 0 : A 'twin scandal' in this case doesn't speak of any genetic relationship, but two tightly connected situations, as twins are tightly connected familially.

turn 0 : "it kind of reinforced the importance of the work we do and the future and trying to ensure that no other species or subspecies are lost in Galapagos." This turn has a metaphorical meaning. It means that the death of Lonesome George highlighted the significance of preserving endangered species and preventing their extinction.


Many times.

turn 3 : B statement here implies that they are looking out to how the Judges carryout their duties in El Paso in order not to lose their jobs.

turn 3 : The discoveries made in the last 10 years provide a new opportunity to understand the communication of extinct dinosaurs.

turn 3 : The potential consequences of genetic engineering could be extreme and far-reaching.

turn 3 : B is questioning if Judge Ellis is fair and impartial or if he crosses the line with his behavior.