Yes, it might take time. It might take a long time. It might - the effort to do that might outlast a presidency. If that's true, all the more reason to begin this now so that we can see results in my lifetime.

So this is a hugely ambitious proposal that you are laying out now. And there will be people who ask, why is it that a two-term mayor of South Bend, Ind. - a town that many Americans won't have even heard of - a white guy, is the person who can heal America's deepest wound that has caused hundreds of years of inequities?

Frankly, it's twice as important. If you're a white candidate, it is twice as important for you to be talking about racial inequity and not just describing the problem which is fashionable in politics but actually talking about what we're going to do about it and describing the outcomes we're trying to solve for. I think we'll know we're getting somewhere when this is not regarded as some specialty issue that candidates of color talk about or that we only talk about when addressing voters of color.

This is a conversation that, frankly, white America needs to have too because white America needs to face the roots of these inequities and the fact of systemic racism all around us. It's the air we breathe.

turn 3 : black people  implies African American people and not black color humans beings

turn 3 : Levees were not built to handle current floodwater levels

turn 3 : The levees are old and unable to handle the amount of water released from Keystone Dam, resulting in many evacuations.

turn 3 : The "finger in the dike strategy, keep the water out and eventually things will recover" is not actually talking about water leaking out of a dam, but rather a declining bank that needed a solution to a financial drain problem

turn 3 : whites refers to the Europeans and Americans and not just a color


From NPR News, this is Day to Day. The ethics problem at the Interior Department continues to unfold, specifically in the little-known but powerful Minerals Management Service. The Interior Department's watchdog reports that employees in that division accepted gifts, they steered government contracts to friends, and they had sexual relations with oil and gas-company representatives. Joining us now is John Dimsdale from Marketplace, and John, first, what is the Minerals Management Service?I hadn't heard of it until yesterday.

Well, it's responsible for collecting royalty revenues from companies that extract oil and other minerals from federal property. And last year, they collected 11 billion dollars from the oil and gas industry. So, it's a big source of revenue. In fact, sometimes Minerals Management is the second largest source of income for the federal government, second only to the IRS. And remember, this scandal comes just as Congress is debating whether to allow more oil drilling, especially on the Outer Continental Shelf under the ocean.

That's right. So, let's go into the details of this scandal. What did the Interior Department's inspector general find?

Well, this report makes it sound like a very dysfunctional place. It alleges cocaine and marijuana use, and even promiscuous sex between government employees and the industry that they oversee. The inspector general says the relationship between the industry and the revenue collectors is supposed to be at arm's length, but most of the oil-company people that investigators talked to said they bought meals or drinks, entertainment, for government employees.

turn 0 : when a plan is sweeping it means it changes a lot of things and can be life changing

turn 0 : Contrary to the prediction, many Americans did not cancel their summer road trips

turn 0 : "the ethics problem at the Interior Department continues to unfold" - figurative meaning: the situation is developing or becoming more complex, literal meaning: something is physically unfolding.

turn 0 : The information does not boil down, but it gets to the most practical facts.

turn 0 : The flooding is so severe that familiar landmarks are unrecognizable.


turn 1 : "they collected 11 billion dollars from the oil and gas industry" - literal meaning: the money was physically collected, figurative meaning: the money was earned or received from the industry.

turn 1 : Pouring money is a metaphor, not literal. It just means the government gave a lot of money to the bank, who spent a lot on bonuses and dividends.

turn 1 : that the people don't want any more violence and want it to stop

turn 1 : The speaker is suggesting that the situation might not be as serious or dangerous as it initially seemed.

turn 1 : 'Leaders are calling for an end to the violence, but there hasn't been much talk in terms of specifics.' implies that leaders are not taking specific actions to end the violence.


turn 2 : Turn (3) describes the discovery of clues that led to the unraveling of the scandal, which is consistent with its literal meaning.

turn 2 : The literal meaning of (2) is a simple expression of surprise, while the implied meaning is that the speaker is in awe of Steve Dalkowski's remarkable ability.

turn 2 : "let's go into the details of this scandal" - figurative meaning: let's discuss and examine the scandal in detail, literal meaning: let's physically go to the place where the scandal is happening.

turn 2 : B is impressed or surprised by what A said.

turn 2 : as it is the only turn with an implied meaning different from its literal meaning.


turn 3 : "most of the oil-company people that investigators talked to said they bought meals or drinks, entertainment, for government employees" - literal meaning: the oil-company people physically purchased things for the government employees, figurative meaning: the purchases were made to gain favor or influence with the government employees.

turn 3 : The oil industry gave gifts to employees of the Minerals Management Agency in exchange for something.

turn 3 : The man was highly involved in social events and had long-standing involvement with various organizations.

turn 3 : Some successful scientists adopt unconventional approaches after achieving something significant.

turn 3 : The person was surprised greatly by the information and it affected many of their thoughts and emotions. They were not struck but what they saw made them notice it and think about it more.


The best thing you can do is to reach the end of the campaign and have people say, well, we got a fair look at the candidates from the beginning to the end. We got a fair look at the two nominees of the major parties. We got a fair look at the third party candidates. And we got a fair look at all the competitors back in the primaries. I don't think you can say that at all is going to be exactly the same number of minutes devoted to each.

For example, Bob Barr, the Libertarian Party candidate will not get nearly as much coverage as the two major party candidates. And we will try but we will probably not achieve absolute perfect mathematical equalness of numbers in the minutes and seconds to go to each of the two major party candidates, but we will try.

So, NPR's White House correspondent, Don Gonyea is with Senator Obama in Jordan, today. So, is his reporting there going to get the bulk of the news today?

Not really the bulk. There will be a four-minute report from Don Gonyea on All Things Considered tonight. We did get him briefly into the newscast that you've just heard a few moments ago. And we did get a little bit of an update to what he had done for this morning's Morning Edition. But we also had a discussion of John McCain's campaign on in Morning Edition right after that. And there will be a discussion of what John McCain is saying right this minute at his note town hall in New Hampshire on that same All Things Considered tonight, of about the same length as Don Gonyea's report from Amman, Jordan.

turn 0 : has a literal meaning of "Yes, the numbers aren't looking good for the person," but its actual meaning is "It looks like the person isn't likely to succeed."

turn 0 : (3) - Describe for our listeners what the monarch butterflies look like, instead of asking the listeners to actually go and see them.

turn 0 : The author woke up with a vision of millions of butterflies covering the forest, which inspired the novel.

turn 0 : The person was surprised greatly by the information and it affected many of their thoughts and emotions. They were not struck but what they saw made them notice it and think about it more.

turn 0 : a fair look implies being favorable or positively minded about something


That's what bothers me. That's what bothers me big time. Whereas Obama does come across as definitely more stately, more of a statesman, more of a, you know, someone you'd want in the White House. And that's my dilemma. It's - I would love to vote Republican, but I'm just not convinced this is going to - that would fly. So it's almost like I'm going to toss a coin.

Barbara Zimmerman, an undecided, although less so, voter in Ohio. Barbara, thank you.

Thank you.

I do hear people ask of these undecideds, what are you waiting for?We're collecting answers at the show's blog, npr. org/daydreaming. Who's undecided and why. Npr. org/daydreaming. More to come.

turn 0 : People who usually would vote for the Republican candidate are considering voting for Hillary Clinton instead.

turn 0 : B may not be a man and likely didn't just turn 21. B is singing a Bo Diddley song in honor of his death.

turn 0 : A prefers Obama over the Republican candidate but is hesitant to vote for him.

turn 0 : Turn: "didn't quite get the same glory" Actual meaning: Did not receive the same recognition or fame.

turn 0 : the scene in this context means genre of music


That's an excellent question, and we're particularly challenged in this regard. On the Princeton campus, we have the only Civil War memorial in the world, as far as I know, that lists the names of students who died both for the Southern cause and the Northern cause but without indicating the side for which they died.

So the official Civil War memory as it was encoded on this campus was what we would call a reconciliationist memory. Each boy was equally right. Each boy was fighting for the side that he believed in. And it's a way of remembering the Civil War that completely erases slavery as the cause of the war and the great moral stake of that war. So this tension between remembering and commemorating is front and center in a monument on our own campus.

And so what are your thoughts on that tension?

(Laughter) I don't think we need to change our Civil War monument. I think it's an artifact of a particular historical time, and I think it's a wonderful starting point for a conversation about why Princeton chose to remember her alumni in that particular way.

turn 1 : The issue of reparations for slavery is gaining more attention recently, especially with Democratic leadership and the rise of racial incidents.

turn 1 : A thinks that the government is not functioning properly.

turn 1 : Their notion is to do as much as you can and don't think about the numbers too much.

turn 1 : The Civil War monument on Princeton campus erases slavery as the cause of the war and the great moral stake of that war.

turn 1 : The information was told to others when it was not supposed to be told.


It's something that I think I've kind of really kind of gotten used to it over the years. But back when we really started taken off, it would be really strange to walk into a room with 20,000 people and you were the only African-American person in the room. I mean that happened a lot. And it's one of the things where I really had to come to grips with it.

I mean, I chose this life. I chose this job. This is what I wanted to do and, you know, I just - now it's no big deal, it's just the way it is. I love my job and I'm not going to change my job. So that just comes with the territory.

There's so many, what I call racial sharing moments going on right now and we, you know, we take them seriously, but we can also laugh at them. But sometimes have you ever felt that people ask you to be their guide into some greater understanding of blackness?

Oh, absolutely. You know, I've been playing Hootie & the Blowfish for 23 years, and we, you know, we've been doing' it. And I think my friends use me as a - like you said, as a vehicle to experience - and I know a lot of people that probably when they met me were pretty racist people, that are now really good friends of mine.

turn 0 : The speaker faces racial discrimination and stereotypes from both white and black people.

turn 0 : In turn (4), the speaker is not actually asking if the study is disproving the old rule of thumb that one dog year is equivalent to seven human years. Rather, they are asking if the study is more complex and nuanced than that oversimplified rule, and if it takes into account factors such as genetics and environment in determining a dog's age.

turn 0 : (4) - So it's not just that old rule of thumb that one year is seven years in a dog's life? - Implied Meaning: Is there more to aging in dogs than just a general estimate of one year to seven years?

turn 0 : No dogs is trained in marijuana because it is a illegal.

turn 0 : Being the only African-American in a room with 20,000 people was a challenging experience for the speaker.


turn 2 : The speaker faces racial discrimination and stereotypes from both white and black people.

turn 2 : There is a sense of panic in the financial system and central banks are the only ones willing to finance the banking sector.

turn 2 : The lack of bonuses affected stock market sales.

turn 2 : The policies would make drastic changes for the better to the economy.

turn 2 : Some people expect the speaker to provide insights into black culture and use him as an example to improve their understanding of it.


Well you know, I'd been rapping for years. I mean, since grade school and so forth but I, you know, I really didn't make my professional outing until college. At that time we were just, you know, all hanging around at the college radio station, listening to music and writing songs and none of us had really released any albums yet. And it just dawned on us that, you know, given the state of the industry, if we weren't going to put out our records then our music would probably never get heard. And fast forward 10-plus years later this is it.

So what was it like performing for the first time in a venue, not in a dorm room, not just with your friends, where were you and what was that like?

I think the first, what I would consider the first show was - I was the very first act on a show at a club here in San Francisco called The Stone. And on that bill it was pretty amazing. I mean I was absolutely first in order on a bill of like …

Which is a blessing and a curse.

turn 3 : Both A and B agree that the tax bill is not popular

turn 3 : Being the first act on the bill is both a blessing and a curse.

turn 3 : Using government money to prop up the banking system is better than letting it implode.

turn 3 : Pouring money is a metaphor, not literal. It just means the government gave a lot of money to the bank, who spent a lot on bonuses and dividends.

turn 3 : The bailout could have potential negative consequences for the average taxpayer


Yeah. Moving on to Merriam-Webster. They've added 1,700 new words. I can't begin to keep up with that, but I do want to ask you about this one in particular - eggcorn?

Eggcorn. Maybe we should spell it. E-G-G-C-O-R-N. It's defined as a word or phrase that sounds like and is mistakingly used in what seems like a logical or plausible way for another word or phrase. It's been around since about 2003. It's a play on how some people say the word acorn, and a linguist thought, well, it makes a little bit of sense. An acorn looks kind of like an egg. Let's come up with a word for another word or phrase when it's reshaped but kind of makes a little bit of sense if you think about it. So here's a classic one - some people will say all intensive purposes when they mean all intents and purposes.

There's a website I found called the Eggcorn Database - has more than 600 of these. Some of my favorites include self-phone.

(Laughter). That's perfect, actually.

turn 1 : (2) Implied Meaning: Is this the overall goal we are striving towards?

turn 1 : Using government money to prop up the banking system is better than letting it implode.

turn 1 : The rating agencies play an important role in the banks' ability to borrow money.

turn 1 : All intensive purposes is actually a misused phrase for all intents and purposes.

turn 1 : The economy is doing very poorly, and consumers are struggling to pay their debts and bills.


So many things were surprising, Scott, including the willingness of hard-core partisans in both parties to overlook big, obvious problems for their candidates in the primaries and in the fall. And I've been amazed that, for example, the willingness of so many evangelical Christians, people who wanted to emphasize social issues, to embrace Donald Trump with all of his history and all of his attitudes.

Hillary Clinton is ahead in the polls. But the last Washington-ABC News poll showed that she is less trusted than Donald Trump despite the fact that the news industry has documented many lies that he's told during this campaign. How has she run such a strong campaign despite the lack of trust?

One could be cynical and say some of us don't expect to trust our politicians. But look, this is the presidency. And in weighing the balance of assets, her experience does matter to many. She projects determination. She has the support of a united party - unusually united - and a newly popular first couple campaigning for her. And finally, there is her historic appeal to women.

Ron, ratings for news have been through the roof during this campaign. Will you miss it or may the campaign maybe not be over on Tuesday?

turn 2 : Implies that Bill Clinton is both a valuable asset and a potential liability to the campaign.

turn 2 : The bailout is not punishment enough for the people responsible for the financial crisis.

turn 2 : The bailout bill is necessary to help homeowners avoid foreclosure and help small businesses stay afloat.

turn 2 :  (3):  When A says "One could be cynical and say some of us don't expect to trust our politicians.But look, this is the presidency.And in weighing the balance of assets, her experience does matter to many.She projects determination.She has the support of a united party - unusually united - and a newly popular first couple campaigning for her.And finally, there is her historic appeal to women," the implied meaning is that while some people may be cynical about trusting politicians, many voters are willing to overlook trust issues and instead prioritize other factors such as experience, determination, and support from a united party and popular figures. Furthermore, A suggests that Hillary Clinton's historic appeal to women is another factor that contributes to her strong campaign. This is different from the literal meaning of the words, which simply describe the reasons why Clinton's experience matters to many voters.

turn 2 : The oversight of the bailout money may not be as strong as it is intended to be.


The billionaire financier Jeffrey Epstein has been taken into federal custody related to sex trafficking. According to The Daily Beast, who first reported this story, Epstein was arrested yesterday and will appear in court tomorrow to be charged in connection with sex trafficking minors. This comes more than a decade after accusations first surfaced that Epstein had paid dozens of young girls for sex. But he avoided federal criminal charges and significant prison time in a plea deal that continues to draw criticism for its lenient terms. For more on this, we called Pervaiz Shallwani, one of the Daily Beast reporters who broke this story. And he's with us now.

Thank you so much for being with us.

Thank you for having me.

And I'm just going to start by saying that the details may be disturbing to some listeners because this does involve accusations about the treatment of young girls. So, having said that, Pervaiz, as briefly as you can, what are the allegations that first surfaced against Epstein in 2007 and 2008?

turn 0 : The speaker is expressing amusement at the topic being discussed.

turn 0 : The bailout is not punishment enough for the people responsible for the financial crisis.

turn 0 : The bailout could have potential negative consequences for the average taxpayer

turn 0 : The oversight of the bailout money may not be as strong as it is intended to be.

turn 0 : The speaker is highlighting the severity of the allegations against Jeffrey Epstein and warning the listeners that the details may be upsetting.


Thank you so much for being with us.

Thank you for having me.

turn 1 :  The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker is thanking the guest for appearing on the show and expressing appreciation for their insight

turn 1 : B wants A to explain what makes the agreement better

turn 1 : The speaker is expressing his appreciation and gratitude for the guest taking the time to be on the show.

turn 1 : B disagrees with the premise of the question but is willing to discuss it further.

turn 1 : B is impressed or surprised by what A said.


Thank you so much for being with us.

Thank you for having me.

turn 2 : He is glad that he is not so famous that he is recognized everywhere he goes all of the time.

turn 2 : He was happy to attend the talk show

turn 2 : The maple and birch have yellow leaves due to the fall season. The river has turns in it as it flows through the mountainside. The person is paddling through a very narrow part of the river. The person passes a home of a beaver and birds fly quickly overhead.

turn 2 : The overflow will not cause harm to the ecosystem.

turn 2 : They are under control of the plant's internal system that is regulated by light and seasons.


And, of course, this comes just a few hours after the president announced a new acting chief of staff. And I emphasize the word acting because that's unusual.

Yeah. So Mick Mulvaney is the head of the Office of Management and Budget. Until recently, he was also the acting head of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau but - which he wanted to destroy. But then a permanent head of that agency was confirmed. And so then he only had one job. Now he has two once again. He will be the acting chief of staff. According to the White House, he will do - he will only focus on chief of staff work. He will not do budget work. His deputy there will do that. But he will continue to be in that job - or both jobs. And presumably, the president will be looking for a more long-term chief of staff, though long term is all relative, especially in this administration.

NPR White House correspondent Tamara Keith, thanks so much.

You're welcome.

turn 1 : Race refers to any idea that divides human beings into more than one kind

turn 1 : There was a failure to provide appropriate medical care for Carlos Hernandez Vasquez.

turn 1 : Baby William and his sister are adjusting well to their new family dynamic

turn 1 : All ideas are different between all human beings.

turn 1 : It made the person feel sadness and it was hard for them to see.


My grandparents were raised during the Great Depression and spent the rest of their lives hoarding rubber bands, bacon grease, and batteries. It used to fill me with embarrassment that they would actually rinse out Zip-Loc bags and reuse them. Poor people, I thought. Don't they know there's always more?I was raised in the disposable generation of styrofoam boxes and plastic water bottles. If something ran out, you simply got a new one.

But this year, we are re-evaluating not just how we spend our money, but also the lessons we pass on to a new generation. The other day, I made Emmeline a skirt out of a men's sport coat once sold exclusively at the Watergate Hotel. You can't buy that kind of fashion statement at Target.

On our most recent trip, Emmeline's glowery mood changed when she happened upon a shirt decorated with farm animals and said, ooh, now doesn't this look nice?I examined it and agreed, asking, what do you want to do with it?Emmeline twirled her toe on the speckled Formica floor and thought it over for a moment. A smile widened on her face, oh, I think that will make just the prettiest dress. Her latest outfit cost a dollar 50.

Mike Adamick is a stay-at-home dad living in San Francisco.

turn 0 : to be raised somewhere means your parents brought you somewhere as a kid and lived there for a long amount of time

turn 0 : "I was raised in the disposable generation of styrofoam boxes and plastic water bottles. If something ran out, you simply got a new one."  This turn has a figurative meaning. The speaker is not literally saying that they were raised in a generation of styrofoam boxes and plastic water bottles, but rather that they grew up in a time when people were accustomed to using disposable items and not reusing things like their grandparents did.

turn 0 : The literal meaning: The speaker mentions that they discuss this as a significant starting point or origin for the book. The implied meaning: The speaker suggests that this event plays a crucial role in shaping the themes or direction of the book.

turn 0 : The dangers of the ground is something the person remembers and thinks about a lot.

turn 0 : The pieces mean memories of the person's childhood that they were able to make sense of.


turn 1 : Turn (2) implies that the speaker has no opinion on the subject but is interested in hearing the opinions of others and is marveling at the idea of how much can change in 40 years.

turn 1 : A strange story is going to be told about a preserved rectum.

turn 1 : A is willing to share the story of why the rectum of the Bishop of Durham is displayed in a jar.

turn 1 : The story was told to people and many became aware of it.

turn 1 : "But this year, we are re-evaluating not just how we spend our money, but also the lessons we pass on to a new generation."  This turn has a figurative meaning. The speaker is not literally saying that they are evaluating the lessons they pass on to a new generation in the same way that they are evaluating how they spend their money. Instead, they are using the idea of evaluating their spending habits as a metaphor for rethinking their approach to passing on values to their children.


turn 3 : "That's Dr. Steven Loyd. He's based in Nashville, Tenn. Thanks for talking with us."  The literal meaning of this turn is simply an introduction to Dr. Steven Loyd. The implied meaning is that the interview has ended and the interviewer is thanking Dr. Loyd for his time and participation.

turn 3 : The bishop is rectum became a museum exhibit.

turn 3 : A is willing to share the story of why the rectum of the Bishop of Durham is displayed in a jar.

turn 3 : "Mike Adamick is a stay-at-home dad living in San Francisco."  This turn has a literal meaning. The speaker is providing straightforward information about Mike Adamick's occupation and place of residence.

turn 3 : The drops did not help the bishop's condition which eventually led to his death. Dr. Hunter collected and preserved the bishop's rectum, which became a prominent exhibit in his museum.


Well, Katie Couric is set to interview Sarah Palin, so we're taking folks' questions. We want to know what they think Katie Couric should ask. We've got video interviews with singer Eric Benet and Glynn Turman who won an Emmy over the weekend.

He did.

Yeah, we're going to revisit that video. And we have more video interviews coming up with the cast of Spike Lee's "Miracle at St. Anna. "

Oh, sounds like some good stuff.

turn 0 : The conversation has shifted from talking about Sarah Palin to talking about her ethics investigation.

turn 0 : The drops did not help the bishop's condition which eventually led to his death. Dr. Hunter collected and preserved the bishop's rectum, which became a prominent exhibit in his museum.

turn 0 : The speaker's faith in the Catholic Church has been damaged by the abuse scandal, but their personal faith remains intact.

turn 0 : The speaker is expressing a high level of respect for the doctor's abilities.

turn 0 : People are being asked to suggest questions for Katie Couric's interview with Sarah Palin.


Israel is saying the same. The Defense Minister Ehud Barak told the parliament today that Israel is essentially in a state of all-out war with Hamas and that Israel has no intention of stopping with their campaign as long as Hamas continues to fire its rockets.

And meanwhile, Israeli soldiers are massed along the border. Is it expected that there will be a ground war?

Israeli officials are saying that it's certainly possible, and they have closed off the part of Israel that directly borders Gaza. They've created a military zone there. It's been closed to all civilians and to reporters, so we don't know exactly what is happening there now.

And what is Foreign Minister Tzipi Livni saying?

turn 0 : they are trying to imply they want peace not war instead

turn 0 : B is asking A if he/she thought carefully before doing something.

turn 0 : B is surprised or impressed by what A just said

turn 0 : B implies that being a comedienne is not the same as being a businesswoman, and she wants to know how A manages the business side of her career.

turn 0 : Israel is engaged in a serious conflict with Hamas.


You know, let's come back to the Large Hadron Collider because if you talk about things, if you talk about this theme, there's much more to the universe than meets the eye, the other one that you know well is the prediction from string theory and similar theories that there are extra dimensions. And one of the ways to look for things like extra dimensions or shadow universes is to look for the leakage of material from our universe into their universe.

And let me use the LHC. One way to look for evidence of extra dimensions would be to carefully look at collisions that take place at the Large Hadron Collider and look for some of the energy to disappear. And what's interesting about that technique is when I put there's - when I say there's much more to the universe than meets the eye, the top of my list would be neutrinos, and we now know neutrinos exist. We can't see them with the eye, but we can build detectors to detect them. And the original evidence for the neutrino was missing energy in beta decays that were observed in the early part of the last century and then poly-hypothesize this particle, the neutrino. And eventually, we built detectors that were sensitive enough. So this technique of looking for energy leaking out of our universe going elsewhere is a very powerful technique for looking for things that we can't see.

Michael Turner, a pleasure as always to come have you come on and explain this stuff to us. Thanks a lot, Michael.

Glad to be on.

turn 0 : This phrase does not mean that the speaker is physically in a dark place or lacks light. It figuratively means that there is a lack of understanding or knowledge about dark matter.

turn 0 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be expressing a subtle hint or suggestion, rather than stating something directly.

turn 0 : Implied meaning: The speaker's tone and word choice suggest that they may be withholding information or expressing something indirectly, potentially due to fear of judgement or repercussions.

turn 0 : the speaker is discussing the possibility of extra dimensions and shadow universes, and how we can look for evidence of them at the Large Hadron Collider by observing the disappearance of energy. The actual meaning is not just about staying silent or not making noise, but rather exploring the concept of extra dimensions and the technique of observing energy leakage.

turn 0 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be hinting at something indirectly and expects the listener to understand the intended message.


Glad to be on.

turn 1 : (3) The speaker is asking if there is a theory about what may be happening with regards to the behavior of dark matter.

turn 1 :  the speaker is discussing the possibility of extra dimensions and shadow universes, and how we can look for evidence of them at the Large Hadron Collider by observing the disappearance of energy. The actual meaning is not just about staying silent or not making noise, but rather exploring the concept of extra dimensions and the technique of observing energy leakage.

turn 1 : a breath of fresh air implies a great relief and freedom

turn 1 : "blowing away" in line 2 - The phrase "blowing away" is being used metaphorically here to refer to the Tampa Bay Lightning's dominant performance against their opponents, rather than literal blowing.

turn 1 : Implies that the situation is incredible and shocking, rather than simply saying that it is amazing.


Glad to be on.

turn 2 : (3) implies gratitude and appreciation, (3) implies that the conversation is coming to an end

turn 2 : The implied meaning is that A is inquiring about the details surrounding B's special person.

turn 2 : A confirms B's statement without acknowledging the age of the car.

turn 2 : the literal and actual meanings are the same. The speakers are simply exchanging pleasantries and expressing gratitude for the conversation

turn 2 : The implied meaning is that B has a unique and special person in their life that they want to share with the world.


Glad to be on.

turn 3 : the literal and actual meanings are the same. The speakers are simply exchanging pleasantries and expressing gratitude for the conversation

turn 3 :  implies that the speaker is expressing gratitude for the other person's time and attention.

turn 3 : Everybody isn't struggling, but enough people are to make it notable that Person A is making money.

turn 3 : Video games can have negative effects on real life.

turn 3 : People are ashamed to admit they're addicted to computer games.


What's the recipe for a star?How do you make one?

Really all you need is cold gas and to be left alone essentially.

If the cold gas cools enough and nothing heats it up, then it should turn into stars. And so this cluster is a perfect star factory because it has a tremendous amount of cooling happening and very little heating. And so it's going to provide just a tremendous amount of this cold gas fuel for stars.

What's the difference between a galaxy and a galaxy cluster?

turn 0 : The stars are not actually very close to Earth. The implication is that they are closer to Earth and its Sun than other stars.

turn 0 : A thinks that the government is not functioning properly.

turn 0 : The implied meaning of this turn is that other members of the White House may seek legal counsel in light of President Trump's actions.

turn 0 : The statement implies how stars are formed and the necessary conditions for their creation.

turn 0 : A implies that Sovereign act in its acceptable sense does not exist when a decree has been made which makes such claim vague.


So a startling turnaround. Any sign, though, that this is the bottom, and that things might be improving?

So far, nine U. S.  banks have failed this year, and most analysts don't see any indication that either the housing market or the credit crisis have hit bottom yet. In fact, there's a respected company based in the U. K. , it's called Begbies Traynor. It specializes in insolvency issues and corporate rescue and recovery, and that firm has just issued a research note suggesting there could be - get this, an average of 100 small banks failing in the U. S.  each year for the next three years, and their note calls that far from inconceivable.

The data released yesterday by the FDC - by FDIC, by the way, showed 117 banks and thrifts are now considered to be in trouble, and the FDIC warned that conditions will worsen, although it did say a majority of U. S.  banks will be able to weather the storm. 98 percent still have an adequate stock pile of money by the regulator's standards.

Well, let's talk more about the FDIC. It, obviously, is the insurer of banks of deposits up to 100,000 dollars, but with all these banks in trouble, is the FDIC in trouble?

turn 0 : (1) has an implied meaning that is different from its literal meaning. The literal meaning is that the speaker is asking if there is any sign of improvement in the situation being discussed, but the implied meaning is that the situation is bad and the speaker is hoping for some positive news or indication that things will get better.

turn 0 : (1) The actual meaning of turn (1) is different from its literal meaning, as it implies that the speaker is ready to defend their state against any legal challenges from the Trump administration and has a track record of success in litigation against them, indicating a confident and confrontational approach.

turn 0 : People are starting to notice and take action on the issue.

turn 0 : They are worried about any negative consequences of their actions and will fix them quickly.

turn 0 : The administration should be planning for the future and not just focusing on immediate reactions


Explain to me why that's a problem. I think defenders of the president would say Jared Kushner has a direct line of communication to the president of the United States, who will actually listen to him.

And that's OK. But that means that Jared Kushner, if he is going to play that role, should at least be informing the president by informing himself, by learning about the issues, by studying the issues, by doing the homework.

What was the personal calculation for you coming out publicly and speaking out about why you resigned as ambassador?Other foreign service officers have not chosen the same route. They have sort of quietly left.

That's correct. And that was my intention. There was an official at the Department of State who read my private letter of resignation to the president. And we know that this happened because it was published by Reuters. And it was there that I wrote to the president that when I was a junior officer, I had signed an oath to completely and fully implement foreign policy, even policies with which I might have disagreed. And then my instructors made clear to me that if there ever came a time when I could no longer do that, I would be honor bound to resign. And that time has come.

turn 0 : He can talk to the president directly with no in between people.

turn 0 : The president may be lying about not being informed

turn 0 : The author included difficult experiences in the book for a reason.

turn 0 : has a figurative meaning, as it is implying a joke about the idea of Dame Stella turning her experiences into a novel.

turn 0 :  "Well, as we often say in cosmology or theoretical physics, that idea might be crazy enough to be true."  The actual meaning of this turn is different from its literal meaning. It implies that sometimes ideas that seem crazy or impossible might turn out to be true in the field of cosmology or theoretical physics.


This is WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. I'm Melissa Block. This week, Republican front-runner Donald Trump warned that there would be riots if Republican leaders reject him as the nominee, even if he's ahead in the delegate count. He was talking about the possibility of a contested convention. If Trump fails to get to the magic number of 1,237 delegates, things are going to get complicated - Byzantine even. And if you are an unbound or unpledged delegate - that is a delegate who can vote for whomever you want - you're probably about to get a lot of phone calls. Matt Micheli is one of those unpledged delegates. He's also chairman of the Wyoming Republican Party. And he joins us now from Casper. Welcome to the program.

Thank you, Melissa.

What does it mean to be - for you to be an unbound delegate?You're essentially a free agent, right, when you go to the convention.

That's right. We still represent the state of Wyoming and we - the results of what the Wyoming people want, I think, is what we will all try to do. But there's no law or no limits on who we can vote for at National Convention. We are free agents.

turn 2 : The turn (3) implies that being an unbound delegate gives a certain level of flexibility and freedom to vote for someone other than the candidate that the state's population has chosen. Although they will try to represent the state's desires, there is no law limiting their vote.

turn 2 : The implied meaning of this statement is that the focus is not only on the states, but also on the number of delegates that the candidates can gain from those states.

turn 2 : The restaurant industry is struggling due to economic hardships.

turn 2 : The economic situation is causing a significant decrease in hiring, sales, and investment.

turn 2 : A has a new vision for a type of restaurant he would open.


Thank you, Melissa.

turn 3 : implies a contrast between the two parties and the different ways that they conduct their caucuses.

turn 3 : "You're welcome." This turn is an example of conventionalized language, where the speaker uses a set phrase to respond to the expression of gratitude. The literal meaning of "you're welcome" is an invitation for the other person to come in, but in this context, it's used to acknowledge and accept thanks.

turn 3 : The turn whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning is (4): "A: Thank you."  The literal meaning of "Thank you" is an expression of gratitude or appreciation. However, in this context, it is likely used as a polite way to end the conversation or acknowledge the host's farewell. In other words, it implies that the speaker is ready to end the conversation and move on.

turn 3 : (2) The literal meaning of turn (2) is the speaker thanking the person who introduced him, but the implied meaning is just a polite expression to acknowledge the introduction. (3) The literal meaning of turn (3) is the speaker thanking the other person, but the implied meaning is just a polite expression to end the conversation.

turn 3 : The turn (4) implies that the Wyoming Republican Party believes in democratic principles and values, and the party's unpledged delegates will do their best to reflect the will of the state's residents at the Republican National Convention. However, as unbound delegates, they are not legally bound to vote for any specific candidate.


Well, crown-of-thorn starfish are found across much of the Pacific Ocean and Indian Oceans. They are - they're about dinner-plate size, multiple arms, have little thorn-like spines coming out of them. They're also quite venomous. So the last thing you want to do is touch one and have it prick you, and it can cause paralysis.

But the important part for the corals is that these things are wonderful eating machines. They move slowly across the reef. They actually invert their stomach onto the corals and dissolve the coral tissue, you know, digesting it as they go. And they leave (technical difficulties) white behind them as they move forward.

So they're like little bulldozers.

Yeah, it's sort of like bulldozers. It's almost more like having a wave of people with flamethrowers going through the brush. You know, the coral physically is left behind, but it's all dead.

turn 1 : The appearance of the starfish is monstrous, and could be used in a science fiction movie.

turn 1 : None . There's nothing in this that implies anything.

turn 1 : It would be a mistake for me to do that.

turn 1 : Crown-of-thorn starfish eat coral and leave it dead behind


So they're like little bulldozers.

turn 3 : The significant increase in the number of starfish is a cause for concern

turn 3 : Comparison to bulldozers and flamethrowers emphasizes the destructive impact on coral reefs

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is indirectly suggesting that they may have information or opinions that they are hesitant to share openly.

turn 3 : you imply that something is the case

turn 3 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer


I have no idea. I have no idea at this point.

You're just waiting for a call?

Any call from anyone, anywhere.

So are you actively out looking for something else more stable?

turn 3 : B is still immersed in the current project and hasn't thought about the next one yet.

turn 3 : Professional football's viewership has declined and the game is controversial, despite its ongoing popularity in America.

turn 3 : B implies that A is not actively looking for something more stable.

turn 3 : Professional football is still popular, but it has declined in viewership and raised concerns over players' safety and political protests.

turn 3 : Jim Kelly can't remember the most important football game despite being a great quarterback


Well, the highlight of the tour was going inside the number four reactor, where they're in the process of removing spent and unused fuel rods. And they were trying to show me and trying to show the public, first of all, that they've reinforced the whole structure against any further earthquakes or tsunamis, that they are safely removing the fuel rods that are in there, and that they are trying to block contaminated water from flowing from the mountains through the plant and into the Pacific.

Did you see the other reactors?

The crucial ones I could not go into, and reactors one through three suffered partial meltdowns. And as a result, there is so much radiation in there that they cannot send people in there to look. They have to use robots and remote cameras to try to find out what's going on. But they still don't know exactly how bad the damage is from those partial meltdowns. They're not going to start dealing with that part of the thing until 2020, and the whole process of shutting down the plant could take 30 or 40 years, by TEPCO's estimates.

And what problems have they been having just recently even in the clean-up?

turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be conveying a hidden message or agenda that requires further exploration or analysis to fully understand.

turn 1 : People aren't spending money due to the recession.

turn 1 : This turn implies that the speaker is asking for more information about the tour.

turn 1 : None found - the turn "the economy" appears to have its literal meaning as the main issue of concern.

turn 1 : The tech sector has had a negative impact on the economy


He was a Christian gentleman. And he was the paradigm of the Christian gentleman. He didn't have - he had no mean bone in his body. I'd never heard - you would hear him perhaps talk a little bit askance about someone. But he - but I never heard an ad hominem attack or caustic comment come out of him. He had a beautiful soul. And it was always radiant and on display.

Yeah. In the minute we have left, I sometimes would look at him, and it was hard to imagine him as the very young, teenage, just graduated from a prep school who enlisted and became the youngest flyer in the U. S.  Navy.

The youngest flyer and a decorated aviator at the age of 20. If you see those photos which have been playing across screens today, he looks like he's 14 years old.

Yeah.

turn 0 : "Thank you" - The literal meaning is an expression of gratitude or appreciation.

turn 0 : A is trying to add some humor to the conversation

turn 0 : when someone says "he had no mean bone in his body" it means that the person was nice and kind

turn 0 : A is telling a joke instead of discussing the topic

turn 0 : A: Oh, that's another fine magazine.  This turn is an example of sarcasm. The speaker, A, uses the phrase "another fine magazine" to indicate that they do not believe that National Review is a fine magazine, despite what the previous speaker, B, has implied. The literal meaning of the phrase is positive, but the actual meaning, conveyed through the speaker's tone and context, is negative.


Jay Austin and Lauren Geoghegan were both 29. For years, they worked desk jobs in Washington, D. C.  - Lauren at the admissions office at Georgetown University, Jay at the Department of Housing and Urban Development. In their travel blog, they wrote that they wanted to live life on simpler, more deliberate terms and see the globe in an inexpensive, sustainable and gratifying way. They wanted to bike it. Back in 2015, Jay Austin showed an NPR reporter around his house as part of a feature on the tiny house movement.

That's the parlor over there, seating for about seven or so, two couches.

All 143 square feet of it. Jay Austin believed in tiny homes.

I think it's really been great to have kind of not a very complex, not a very expensive space but to have the ability to have easy access to nature. If I am feeling like I have cabin fever, I open my front door.

turn 1 : The house was small for the family living in it, despite having multiple floors.

turn 1 : Mexico is facing a very serious and dangerous situation.

turn 1 : The parlor is small despite seating for seven.

turn 1 : The administration does not move forward physically but initiates plans to deal with immigration.

turn 1 : suggests that other states will start to take legal action against Countrywide and other similar companies


turn 2 : The house was small for the family living in it, despite having multiple floors.

turn 2 : Jay Austin's tiny house is extremely small, measuring only 143 square feet.

turn 2 : The Mexican government is constantly communicating things about the army in all ways that they can.

turn 2 : suggests that other states will start to take legal action against Countrywide and other similar companies

turn 2 : Mexico is facing a very serious and dangerous situation.


turn 2 : Not an actual home falling onto people's head but an obvious, large amount of information becomes understood.

turn 2 : It's important to prioritize the country's future over personal gain.

turn 2 : One should prioritize the country's future over personal gain.

turn 2 : The economic situation is causing a significant decrease in hiring, sales, and investment.

turn 2 : Jay Austin's belief in tiny homes is reflected in the 143 square feet parlor.


Dr.  Ahmad Tarakji leads the Syrian American Medical Society, which operates hospitals inside Syria. He is an American, and between trips to Syria, he told us hospitals are targeted despite efforts to shelter them.

We try to put those hospitals underground, as we found that they are the primary target of any military operation. But also, you cannot do that in every single hospital that's there inside Syria.

So you just said that hitting hospitals would be the primary target of any military operation. Did I understand you correctly?

That's perfectly correct. When there is an intent to displace people, then hospitals start to get targeted and in a pattern that's very predictable. We've seen it before in Aleppo. In addition to putting those hospitals in underground structures or in caves hospital (ph), we share the location, the coordinates of these hospitals with the U. N.  agencies, with Russia, with the United States, as they both are leading the humanitarian task force in Syria.

turn 0 : The rebels are effectively using weapons they captured from Syrian airbases.

turn 0 : There is a risk of military conflict due to misunderstandings.

turn 0 : Despite efforts to shelter them, hospitals in Syria are being targeted during military operations.

turn 0 : There is evidence that would support the Presidents statement.

turn 0 : North Korea's nuclear capabilities pose a direct threat to the United States.


So we have detected neutrinos, and we have modeled them in such a way to convince us that they are not the dark matter. However, there are lab experiments going on looking for possible dark matter annihilation products. Now what does that mean?That means that - remember, we're in the dark about dark matter. We don't know what the real theory behind it is.

One possibility of the many, many possibilities that are - literally there is, you know, dozens of papers published on this every month about what could dark matter be. One of the possibilities is that dark matter decays somehow to some kind of regular, standard-model particle, and if it does do that, then we may be able to catch those decay products.

So for example, one possibility is we could detect neutrinos that were leftover after dark matter annihilated or decayed. And the way we would know those neutrinos are from dark matter and not from the sun is that they would be coming up from the center of the Earth. So they'd be coming from the wrong direction. And so there's experiments right now underway to try to catch these putative products of dark matter decay in the lab, and thus far, they have not really been successful.

So it's easier to look out into the galaxies and do it - experiment that way.

turn 0 : The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker enjoyed the solitude of working at night, as it made them feel like a vampire who only came out when it was dark and disappeared again when the sun rose.

turn 0 : Iran shot down a U.S. plane and now the U.S. will respond.

turn 0 : This phrase does not mean that the speaker is physically in a dark place or lacks light. It figuratively means that there is a lack of understanding or knowledge about dark matter.

turn 0 : Assuming that Iran is responsible for the attack.

turn 0 : The drone has powerful sensors and can see far distances


Obviously, when I was at FreedomWorks, we weighed in in supported of Ted Cruz very early in his primary challenge in Texas. So I'm a big Ted Cruz fan. But I think the fundamental differences between what I would call Donald Trump's authoritarian tendencies - he's all about what he would do as president. And you never hear him talk about the Constitution, you never hear him talk about the Bill of Rights, you never hear about him and the rule of law. Whereas Ted Cruz wears that stuff on his sleeve.

How do you analyze Mr.  Trump's rise?What do you think he's tapping into?

Well, there's two things going on. One is a clear sense of economic anxiety and the feeling amongst a lot of voters that the country's headed in the wrong direction combined with a sense that Washington doesn't really give a damn. The other thing that's going on, which I think is more fundamental and I think both Republicans and Democrats are struggling to understand this, is a transformational moment in politics. It's more disintermediated. The party bosses no longer get to decide who the choice is. And with the ability to drive your own message and organize your own get-out-the-vote machine without the party's blessing, all sorts of candidates have become competitive. Donald Trump is definitely part of that, although he's sort of the odd man out because he's more of a cult of personality.

Is he though, at the same time, tapping into some of the sentiment that you and the tea party began to raise?

turn 2 : A believes that George Bush would want to avoid political discussions and focus on a more positive conversation.

turn 2 : The US is blocking Iran's access to international markets.

turn 2 : Assuming that Iran is responsible for the attack.

turn 2 : The drone has powerful sensors and can see far distances

turn 2 : Donald Trump's success is partly due to the ability of individuals to spread their message without the support of the political establishment.


Look, if I were running the FBI, you know, I probably would want to have backdoors as well, so I'm sympathetic to the director's view. But there is risk if you put that backdoor in. There's no question you enhance the risk, number one. Number two, there are the privacy implications that are of concern to parties.

When you were working for the government, obviously you were institutionally on a different side of the argument. You were on the side of being able to get into whatever you needed to get into and find out whatever you needed to find out. What happened?Did you have a sort of a Saul of Damascus moment?I mean, did you always believe what you believe now?

My beliefs really haven't changed since I was in government. If anything, it gave me appreciation for how challenging it is for the government to balance and play the roles that it needs to, both wanting to keep the nation secure, both having the rights to collect extensive intelligence overseas, less so within the country. You know, the richness of that debate in many ways would, I think, make the founders of our country proud.

Rod Beckstrom was the founding director of the U. S.  National Cybersecurity Center. Thank you very much for this.

Thank you, Linda. Great to be on your show.

turn 1 : Implies that the speaker is asking for the other person's opinion about the political implications of the current situation.

turn 1 : something that was hinted at or suggested, but not directly stated. When a person looks at his watch

turn 1 :  implies that the speaker is asking if the person had a sudden change of heart, (3) implies that the person is proud of the balanced debate surrounding the government's decision making,


What makes a great building?

Well, what makes a great tall building is a building that stands out from the normal run of the mill stuff which is - which makes up most of the tall buildings that are being built in cities around the world. The four buildings this year that we've honored from each region are definitely breaking away from the norm.

Let's talk about - let me just remind everybody that this is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR. Let's talk about the Absolute Towers in a suburb of Toronto. These towers were named best tall buildings of Americas. They've been named the Marilyn Monroe Towers because of their sky-high curves. They're curvy-looking, yet they - the curves serve a function.

The curves do serve a function. And what's unique about these buildings is, again, against the backdrop of 99 percent of tall buildings being fairly boring rectilinear boxes, these are very curving organic towers, which look iconic and look incredible, but they serve a purpose.

turn 3 : "You can almost pick it up and put it in any city around the world and it would become synonymous with that city." - This turn means that tall buildings are often designed in a similar way regardless of their location, and therefore lack a unique connection to the specific environment or culture of a place.

turn 3 : Literally, the turn means that the Absolute Towers are unique because they are curvy and organic, and also serve a purpose. However, the implied meaning is that most tall buildings are not designed with both aesthetics and functionality in mind, whereas the Absolute Towers manage to achieve both.

turn 3 : In turn (4), the statement suggests that despite the appearance of a positive sign, the comments from the British Foreign Secretary indicate that the situation is more challenging and difficult to resolve than it may seem. The literal meaning of the words may convey a positive outlook, but the implied meaning highlights the potential obstacles and complexities involved.

turn 3 : The comment made by 'she' had a significant impact on A

turn 3 : The implied meaning behind this question is that A was initially willing to support Donald Trump and even offered to be his running mate at one point, but has since changed his mind and is now opposed to him.


I want to talk a little bit about the words that are used to describe wine. You know, normally we hear things like dry, oaky, buttery - I kind of understand what those mean. But sommeliers have a much more creative way of describing tasting notes that you might not hear in a restaurant.

Well, you get everything from the more straightforward fruits and vegetables. So it could be pomegranate, raspberry, blackberry, apple, pear, lemon. They can also range to the far more imaginative. There were times where I was sitting in a tasting group and I thought that I was hearing someone read from a Wiccan book of love spells.

(Laughter).

Burnt hair, desiccated strawberry, armpit, you know (laughter).

turn 1 : Implicated meaning: The descriptions used in the wine tasting group were incredibly imaginative and evocative, to the point where they seemed like mystical incantations or enchantments found in a Wiccan book of love spells. It implies that the language used to describe the flavors and aromas of wine can be poetic, enchanting, and highly creative, going beyond literal descriptions.

turn 1 : They are worried about any negative consequences of their actions and will fix them quickly.

turn 1 :  implies that you should be mindful of the information you hear and stay informed.

turn 1 : "There were times where I was sitting in a tasting group and I thought that I was hearing someone read from a Wiccan book of love spells." This turn implies that the person was hearing very unusual and creative descriptions of wine tasting notes that sounded like they came from a mystical or supernatural source, rather than a straightforward and literal description of the wine.

turn 1 : The information was told to others when it was not supposed to be told.


(Laughter).

turn 3 : Implicated meaning: The descriptions used in the wine tasting group were incredibly imaginative and evocative, to the point where they seemed like mystical incantations or enchantments found in a Wiccan book of love spells. It implies that the language used to describe the flavors and aromas of wine can be poetic, enchanting, and highly creative, going beyond literal descriptions.

turn 3 : "Burnt hair, desiccated strawberry, armpit, you know." This turn implies that the person is using unconventional and perhaps even unpleasant descriptions to convey the taste and aroma of the wine, rather than simply using literal and conventional terms like "sweet" or "fruity".

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be hinting at something indirectly and expects the listener to understand the intended message.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be conveying a hidden message or agenda that requires further exploration or analysis to fully understand.

turn 3 : Although the literal meaning of this turn is simply an acknowledgement or agreement, the implied meaning behind it is that the speaker may not be fully engaged or interested in the conversation. It could be interpreted as a way of signaling disinterest or a desire to move on to a different topic.


(Laughter).

turn 3 :  where the speaker uses words that are not typically associated with wine tasting, such as "burnt hair," "desiccated strawberry," and "armpit," to describe the taste of wine. The implied meaning is that sommeliers use highly imaginative and unconventional ways to describe the taste of wine, which may not be easily understandable to the average person.


Which is what they do.

This is what they do, in the equivalent amount to one or 10 bad eggs or so. And they plated it out over time on these little plates. And if you put the sample on on the plate right after you add the salmonella. It looks like a lawn. I mean, the bacteria. . .

Petri dishes full of lawn.

(Unintelligible).

turn 2 : Actual meaning implies that the bacteria has grown and spread across the plates, creating the appearance of a lawn.

turn 2 : The speaker is describing how quickly the colonies of something grow and then disappear, possibly referring to a bacterial infection or mold in a lawn

turn 2 : Finding them was very similar to finding a dinosaur- a major surprise.

turn 2 : RNA viruses are a high risk for disease scientists.

turn 2 : Scientists have been studying Ebola for decades, but they still haven't identified its reservoir host.


So that, and unfortunately too many people in the community, too many of my friends who are worried about global warming, have already taken a position on fracking. The fact is that natural gas can be made clean. It's not hard. It's much easier to do clean fracking than it is, for example, to make cheap solar.

So I'm hoping that the environmentalists who have started to oppose fracking, I think prematurely, can be won over and recognize that this has to be part of a worldwide energy policy. Natural gas also helps the Chinese because their citizens are being choked by the soot and other emissions of their coal plants.

So expediting a shift, this should be U. S.  policy, that we will help the Chinese make the shift from coal to natural gas. China, India, the developing world, this is absolutely essential.

And what about a shift to renewables?

Well, that's wonderful, and that will ultimately take the place of natural gas, but take China for example. Last year, they installed what everybody says was a gigawatt of solar. In fact, it wasn't a gigawatt because that's the peak power. Average in night, and it's half a gigawatt. Average mornings and late afternoons, it's a quarter of a gigawatt.

turn 0 : The overflow will not cause harm to the ecosystem.

turn 0 : (3) Implied meaning: Were South African mobs and looters targeting African migrants?

turn 0 : Fracking is not as harmful as environmentalists believe.

turn 0 : The implied meaning in turn (2) is that the author created the book out of a desire to educate young black people about their cultural history, which they may not have learned from mainstream media sources such as hip-hop videos.

turn 0 : No privacy. In some cases, they actually look like slave cabins. - The literal meaning of this turn is that the living conditions for farmworkers are so poor that they resemble the living conditions of slaves in the past. The actual meaning is that the living conditions are dehumanizing and lack basic amenities, which puts the workers, especially women, in vulnerable situations.


In this district that the Cook Political Report rated as an R+5 and was a lean-Republican until the weekend before the election, we won every county - even the most rural. There are people who supported us who have never voted for a Democrat before. We have people who will never, ever, ever, ever call themselves a Democrat.

People who voted for Donald Trump voted for you, do you think?

A hundred percent - hundred percent. And this is about representation and values. And for us, that issue was so illustrated with health care and what happened in the spring of '17 around Obamacare repeal and, you know, our prior representative's votes on the American Health Care Act.

Do you think you're to the left of the average voter in your district when it comes to health care?

turn 3 : To the right means politically right wing, not that they are actually sitting on the right

turn 3 : The books were released on inauguration day may have been significant

turn 3 : The president was satisfied with how he was perceived.

turn 3 : "to the left" - the literal meaning is a spatial direction, but the intended meaning is a political position that is more progressive or liberal than the average voter in the district.

turn 3 : A implies that Sovereign act in its acceptable sense does not exist when a decree has been made which makes such claim vague.


We were both going after a kind of Everest. It's something big and difficult, dangerous for sure. The tribes were known to shoot at anyone who came into their area. On top of that, you've got to evade the Indian authorities who put them under protection. Plus, China has claimed that area, so there's a high military presence there. So the whole thing, if you're young and adventurous, it's kind of fantastic.

Tell me about John Allen Chau specifically and his motivations and what drove him and what surprised you about where he came from.

There's a number of different things. John was a huge outdoorsman, very capable. And he was particularly a kind of solo adventurer, did a lot of solo hikes for days at a time. And that actually turns out to be - in the missionary world, there's a kind of extreme sports end of the missionary world. It's all bro and dude and legit and hey and high-fives and scaling down cliffs to meet an uncontacted tribe. Very often, I've got to say, that story - the story that they're all trying to tell - is of the solo adventurer going into the jungle and finding the lost tribe.

Yeah.

turn 1 : Fueling it means that he made the idea gain more followers.

turn 1 : Congress is not doing its job and is passing their responsibilities to the president who then abuses his power

turn 1 : The rules of subpoenas work in favor of the executive.

turn 1 : what drove him in this context means what inspired or motivated him

turn 1 : The president was satisfied with how he was perceived.


I think the initiative is going to be very helpful in helping to solve these problems.

One last question about your new potential treatment using amyloid for multiple sclerosis. How far along - are we in phase one, have we got phase one studies, or have we not even gotten that far yet?

On this one we haven't reached phase one yet. We're still doing the toxicity testing. We're moving slowly because of the villainous reputation of these proteins. But as I said, someone over in Holland has taken this through phase one, and it looks - looks pretty good. They're doing it with alpha B-crystallin.

Well very interesting. Thank you, Dr.  Steinman, for taking time to be with us today. We'll be following this.

turn 1 : A is discussing a scientific concept or discovery with B.

turn 1 : There is no bar but it does mean that the requirements in Mexico are lower.

turn 1 : The use of "we" is not literal. 'B' has nothing to do with it. "We" just means how far have researchers progressed.

turn 1 :  (4) Implies an acknowledgement of the dangerous risks taken when crossing the border illegally.

turn 1 : the narrator mention of non Mexican asylum-seekers so it is odd to see non Mexican asylum seekers setting place in Mexico.


Thank you for having me.

You know, I've heard about this going on in Ithaca, New York, and the largest of these systems we're told is in Western Massachusetts. I believe they call it BerkShares there. They've circulated about $2 million in BerkShares in two years. So, how do you explain this idea of local currency to the average person?

Well, we talk about Equal Dollars as a community currency and bartering system that essentially serves as a companion to the U. S.  dollar. It's what maybe our ancestors did like seeds, gold, silver, copper, beads, cattle, diamonds, spices, things that people have used over the years and centuries to expand their current way of acquiring goods and services. It acts as a non-interest-bearing, spendable, transferable discount. And it…

How does it work in terms of, you know, going to the store?Can I get on the bus with it?Can I catch a cab?Can I buy a refrigerator with it?

turn 3 : B doesn't literally want to know whether they can do all those things. The "I" is meant to refer to anyone... can any person buy a fridge with this currency.

turn 3 : The implied meaning is that B's special person is being given the utmost care and protection.

turn 3 : (1) is the same as its literal meaning, which is explaining the decision-making process behind cutting rations in a situation where there is a shortage of aid.

turn 3 : (1) has an implied meaning that is different from its literal meaning. The literal meaning is that the speaker is asking if there is any sign of improvement in the situation being discussed, but the implied meaning is that the situation is bad and the speaker is hoping for some positive news or indication that things will get better.

turn 3 : There is a dangerous situation happening that requires people to seek shelter and take precautions.


Well, not really. I think the crowd that came here early in the day were peaceful. But this march was illegal from the beginning. The police never gave their authorization. So they had essentially warned everyone that anyone coming would be sort of in violation of the law. And so from early on, things were kind of chaotic. I think protesters have sort of dug in for what they had assumed would be a pretty violent night.

I've been seeing people basically pulling up bricks from the sidewalk and putting them in carts. I've seen people arm themselves with various iron rods and also umbrellas and create sort of shields out of wood that they found everywhere. I think what you're starting to see - you know, digging in on both sides here, between the police and also the protesters.

Are the protesters a cross section of Hong Kong, or are they one demographic, if you please?

Well, I think, today, I've actually seen quite a mixed crowd, which was sort of unexpected because, obviously, this march is - this protest was illegal. So we didn't really expect sort of to see kids or elderly people. But I have seen them.

turn 0 : The protest has been peaceful despite potential for violence.

turn 0 : The protest turned violent, despite initially being peaceful.

turn 0 : The story is a happy one that is also distracting and the people have been feeling sad so they need the story to make them happy again.

turn 0 : She wrote very close to what happened in her own life.

turn 0 : The kids will begin to think of ideas as they explore on their own.


My own judgment is it is a personal power struggle. President Salva Kiir is in power, and Riek Machar - he has been the deputy in the party and the deputy in the government. And in 2015, Riek Machar came openly talking about his ambition to become the president of the Republic of South Sudan one day. That led to his dismissal. That is the genesis of this problem.

President Salva Kiir is from the ethnic Dinka majority, the largest tribes in South Sudan, and Riek Machar is from Nuer, the second largest tribe. And, you know, in South Sudan, these two tribes - they constitute the majority of the - of the army. That is why fighting took place with the support of these two big tribes who dominated army.

There are 12,000 U. N.  peacekeeping troops there already. The proposal is for another 4,000. I gather a spokesman for the South Sudan government says they're opposed because this would be neocolonialism. Help us understand what he means by that.

Well, the government is saying it is an attempt to colonize South Sudan. It is an attempt by the American government to change the regime or the regime change. That is what the government is saying, but I don't know whether that is the intention. This morning, I had an opportunity to interview the U. S.  ambassador - the South Sudan ambassador, Molly Phee - and she categorically denied that.

turn 2 : "changes here will ripple through South Sudan" implies that what happened will have numerous effects on the country

turn 2 : Advocating for abolishing the police department and starting over

turn 2 : (3) B's statement about the South Sudan government opposing the proposal for 4,000 U.N. peacekeeping troops due to neocolonialism implies that the government is wary of foreign influence and control, and fears that the deployment of additional troops would be an infringement on their sovereignty. The actual meaning goes beyond the literal definition of neocolonialism as a form of indirect control by developed nations over less developed ones.

turn 2 : The report commissioned by President Johnson in 1967 proposes a humanistic approach to improving police-community relations through better communication and relationships.

turn 2 : The speaker believes that the current policing system is irreparable.


turn 3 : "changes here will ripple through South Sudan" implies that what happened will have numerous effects on the country

turn 3 : Dominance of a few large companies is discouraging people from starting their own businesses.

turn 3 : (4) A's statement that the South Sudanese government views the proposal for additional peacekeeping troops as an attempt to colonize the country implies that they perceive the U.S. government as a threat to their regime, and are wary of any external intervention. The actual meaning goes beyond the literal definition of colonization as the establishment of political control over a territory by a foreign power.

turn 3 : Companies pay their CEOs huge profits, while the workers get a small share.

turn 3 : Many people are losing their jobs and companies are going bankrupt.


So Flame has - so far they've found about 20 modules that can be swapped in and out, and they do everything from turning on the internal microphone and webcam on your computer, this way that they could record conversations that you have over Skype or conversations that you have in the room, in the vicinity of the computer.

It takes screenshots of your communications. They seem particularly interested in any email communications or instant messaging communication that you do. It also turns your computer into a Bluetooth beacon. So if you have Bluetooth enabled on your computer, they will turn that on and do a discovery for other Bluetooth-enabled devices in the vicinity, such as a phone, and they will use your computer to then siphon the contact information that is in any phone in the area.

Wow. Wow.

Why all those things?I mean, what's the reason for that?

turn 0 : to make a switch mean they go do something else.

turn 0 : "swapped in and out" is a figurative expression that means different modules can be inserted or removed from the Flame software.

turn 0 : The literal meaning is that the speaker wants to examine the motives behind the actions of the people involved in the events. The implied meaning is that the speaker is questioning whether their mother's version of events was accurate and whether the motives behind the actions were as terrible as their mother portrayed them to be.

turn 0 : This turn does not have an implied meaning different from its literal meaning. It is a straightforward expression of gratitude towards Laura Sydell, the NPR correspondent.

turn 0 : Implied meaning: The speaker is implying that her character's story line on the show mirrored her own life experience.


Wow. Wow.

turn 1 : smart speakers implies the electronic devices are incorporated or equipped with computer or digital technology

turn 1 : (1) Implied meaning: Are you suggesting that despite the good things Franklin Roosevelt and Abraham Lincoln did, they were still wrong for certain actions?

turn 1 :  "Bluetooth beacon" is a figurative expression that means that the software makes the computer emit a signal that other Bluetooth-enabled devices can detect, just like a lighthouse beacon emits a signal that ships can detect.

turn 1 : In this turn, the implied meaning goes beyond the literal meaning of "never took no for an answer." The speaker is highlighting the person's resilience and determination in the face of obstacles. It implies that despite facing rejection or setbacks, the person persisted and fought back, even using physical force if necessary.

turn 1 : The actual meanings of (1) and (3) are different from their literal meanings. In (1), the speaker is implying that he would be prejudiced against a Green Bay Packers fan, rather than simply picking on them


Wow. Wow.

turn 2 : B: Wow.The word "Wow" is often used to express surprise or astonishment, but in this context, it may not convey the literal meaning of a sudden reaction. It could be indicating the listener's genuine interest or fascination with the previous statement, rather than just an exclamation.

turn 2 : Joan felt a sense of responsibility with the money she had and was determined to use it for good causes. She was not averse to living lavishly.

turn 2 : (2) "What she said in interviews a number of times was very circumspect - what is love?" - Implied meaning: Joan was not able to directly answer the question of whether she loved Ray or not, as her answers were often evasive and indirect.

turn 2 : "Wow" is an interjection that expresses surprise or admiration, and its literal meaning is the same as its actual meaning.

turn 2 : She wrote very close to what happened in her own life.


Wow. Wow.

turn 3 : not a literal meaning but rather a rhetorical question.

turn 3 :  "What's the reason for that?" is a literal question that means what is the motive or purpose behind the actions described in the previous turns, and its actual meaning is the same as its literal meaning.

turn 3 : has a figurative meaning, as it is implying a joke about the idea of Dame Stella turning her experiences into a novel.

turn 3 : After Ray's death, Joan Kroc became one of the main donors in America and she took her responsibility seriously.

turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is implying that her character's story line on the show mirrored her own life experience.


Yeah. That was something that I really loved about this script, actually, when it came in was the World War I element of the movie. It's depicted very realistically and shows the - you know, the horrendous elements of that war. But also, it - because of him suffering from trench fever, it has this hallucinatory element to it whereby you're kind of getting glimpses into his dark imagination and what he might have actually been witnessing instead of the reality around him at that time.

Yeah, the battlefield becomes kind of Middle-earth's Mordor in many ways.

Yeah, yeah, completely, which - I mean, he always said that that war wasn't an allegory for his work and the lands he created. But at the same time, I mean, obviously you're always influenced by experiences like that.

What do you do when you go into a biopic like this?

turn 1 : The story is not wild but interesting or exciting.

turn 1 : The mall opens early and people walk around for hours before stores open.

turn 1 :  (2) The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker is curious to know what kind of help the two people provided each other with during their lunch time.

turn 1 : "fast" - The word "fast" is being used in a religious context to mean abstaining from food and drink during daylight hours as an act of devotion. It is not being used to describe moving quickly.

turn 1 : The battlefield becomes very fantasy like instead of realistic due to the fever.


Absolutely agree - I mean, the 20,000 Democrats that are running for president are all not going to make it to November of 2020. They have donors. They have staff. They have consultants. They've done ads. They've spent a lot of time debating and out and about. So if they need or want to make a switch to a Senate race, they're going to have all the resources in place to do that.

Well, I mean, that - you're suggesting they're warming up for a Senate run by running for president, which. . .

Well, in a year like this when you have Donald Trump, I mean, that is I think - and there's a lot of people that are looking at it going, you know, this is my shot. It's not going to be everybody's shot. But I also think you have to look at the map in totality, particularly for Democrats. They're not defending a ton of seats, and they have a lot of pickup opportunities. Colorado is probably at the top of the list. You have Arizona with a guy like Mark Kelly who had an amazing launch. You have a state like Maine. You know, I think there's a lot of positive on this map for the Democrats as well.

Twenty-two presidential candidates and there might be more by next week.

turn 0 : on and off means in this context that they are doing something then not doing something

turn 0 : The situation is concerning enough that it could make someone anxious, despite the monitoring systems in place.

turn 0 : to make a switch mean they go do something else.

turn 0 : People don't want to know about what is happening in Crown Heights.

turn 0 : A is confident about the success of the mission and reassures B


Yes. That was one of my big questions. Is that's possible?Or do we just make up strategies to pretend that we're leading normal lives?We were all carrying coins in our pockets to be able to call from a payphone if there was a bombing and say I'm OK.  We were spending more and more time indoors. So, we changed our way of living social lives. And we also changed the way we were sons and daughters because we knew that something could happen to your loved ones. So, no, no, there were not normal times. But it's astonishing, this capability humans have to pretend. It's very useful, by the way, but I don't know if it's entirely what we should do.

Juan Gabriel Vasquez. His new novel is "The Sounds of Things Falling. "It's translated by Anne McLean. Thanks so much for being with us.

Thank you very much, Mr.  Simon. It was a pleasure to talk to you.

You're listening to WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News.

turn 3 : So you get a sense of how this whole thing is going. - This implies that the speaker wants the listener to understand the context and overall direction of the conversation.

turn 3 : The host is signaling the end of the segment, indicating that the program is transitioning to a different topic or ending.

turn 3 : The implied meaning is that the person hopes for interaction and engagement between individuals interested in building their family tree or learning about family research, and that they will come across unexpected articles and ideas, leading to interesting discussions and experiences on the site.

turn 3 : In this turn, the speaker says "I love the word no" and goes on to explain how the word "no" was actually a motivating force for them, rather than a discouraging one. This is different from the literal meaning of the word "no," which is generally used to signify a negative response or refusal. The speaker's implication is that they have learned to reframe the word "no" in a positive way and use it as a tool for success.

turn 3 : meaning is turn (1), where B asks if Teddy Roosevelt comes to life when it gets dark at the museum. The actual meaning implied by B's question is whether the museum has interactive exhibits or displays that bring historical figures to life, rather than asking about a specific event where Teddy Roosevelt might come to life in the museum.


ou're also seeing some extreme moves by companies like Advantage Consultants who basically say, hey, we can supply you, Mr.  and Ms. Candidate, with an army-full of bloggers ready to get your campaign out on the blogosphere 24/7. It's just - it's like the wild, wild West right now on the Internet.

Is that - I mean, of course, all fair - all is fair in love, war and politics. But is that cheating in a way, you know, blogs were created initially as if, like, I'm just going to express what's in my heart. And now, it sounds as if what you're saying is that there is a lot of people who are saying, I'm going to create the appearance that people are speaking from their heart.

Yeah, and, you know - and this is - gets into astroturfing and a whole bunch of other terminology behind what's the real message of these types of Web sites. You're right. The organic nature of a blog was to be something that was transparent, that wasn't agenda-driven. And obviously, when you start looking at politics and campaigns, it's agenda-driven. So now, they're looking at these tools being PR machines, more than this transparent, here-is-a-look-into-my-life type of outlet that it used to be.

Speaking of transparency, there is some information that campaigns don't always give out, like where their money is coming from. And tell me about OpenSecrets.

turn 0 : Implied meaning: the West's obsession with originality is a cultural clash with the East's approach to objects, which is to replace the parts of objects and thus keep them alive in memory and history.

turn 0 : The literal meaning is that the speaker would have appeared on a media outlet many times. The actual meaning is that the speaker would have been very vocal and persistent on the issue, possibly annoying the media host.

turn 0 : (3) implies that the speaker wants to know what the speaker observed,

turn 0 : "wild, wild West" is a figurative expression that means a situation where there is a lack of control or regulation.

turn 0 : The turn suggests that the speaker is feeling frustrated and overwhelmed.


turn 1 : not a heart literally full of something, but full as in happy or content

turn 1 : Personal consumption is the key driver of the American economy, and if people stop consuming, the economy will suffer.

turn 1 : The situation is much worse than ever before and people are starting to think about alternative options if their current job is not secured.

turn 1 : The days of capitalism defined by constantly increasing prices and reaching new highs are disappearing quickly.

turn 1 : "express what's in my heart" is a figurative expression that means to express one's true and honest feelings.


turn 2 : grassroots is a movement made by a district and still implies that it holds the feature in order to hold the government's attention.

turn 2 :  "astroturfing" is a figurative expression that refers to the practice of creating a false grassroots movement or opinion.

turn 2 : The economic situation will get worse, and it's uncertain how bad it will be.

turn 2 : Many people are losing their jobs and companies are going bankrupt.

turn 2 : While the macroeconomic numbers don't indicate a recession, many people are experiencing economic hardship.


Thanks so much for having me.

OK. So the economy's no doing so well. Is this the opportune time to launch a major cable channel?

Well, it probably isn't. But all things being equal, I think that Major League Baseball has been lucky enough to garner a very good deal for them in the sense that they're negotiating with a number of carriers. As mentioned, it's the largest cable launch in history.

And so, even with advertising difficulties, they'll have a very strong revenue stream out of subscriber fees. And so, it's probably good for baseball. And they're hoping, I'm sure, to ride this out and have a long-term goal of making it a very profitable and successful launch.

Well, baseball certainly has a lot of games during the season. So what kind of programming will we see?

turn 3 : THERE IS A BIG CHANGE THE PEOPLE HAVE ALREADY LOST THEIR MONEY

turn 3 : The comment made by 'she' had a significant impact on A

turn 3 : Baseball is hoping to ride out the advertising difficulties and make the largest cable launch in history profitable and successful in the long term, despite initial challenges.

turn 3 : B implies that A is not actively looking for something more stable.

turn 3 : B is trying to express that love still exists despite some setbacks


It has not. I think that's an appropriate term. And I think a lot of that happened in the beginning because there was just a lot of misinformation about our agreements because, at the end of the day, their perspective is we are siphoning off resources from our current students in order to, quote, unquote, "teach these students. "And so we wanted to make sure and assure our community that that is not happening. Any resources that we're providing to Southwest Key is actually coming through other district resources and is indeed not taken away from current students.

How do you answer the reservations of people who say - look - you're just encouraging families to undertake a dangerous journey across the border because if their children wind up on the U. S.  side, they're going to get an education?

It is our moral obligation, our legal obligation. That's the only lens I'm looking through.

Explain that legal obligation to me, if you could.

turn 0 : Southwest Key is not taking resources away from current students

turn 0 : The education system is not working properly and is causing a lot of stress for students.

turn 0 : The comment made by 'she' had a significant impact on A

turn 0 : He is implying that she helps a lot of people.

turn 0 : Implied meaning: The speaker is expressing disapproval or criticism towards the listener or a third party, but doing so indirectly or politely.


Hey, Farai. How's it going?

I'm doing great. So, we survived the election and we keep on trucking. What are folks saying this week?

Well, as you can guess, we got several letters reacting to Senator Barack Obama's White House win. Here are a few responses we got on our web site. Alisha Brown wrote: Tonight I thank my dad for never being home as a kid because he was always gone registering people to vote. White people have no idea what the kids of civil rights leaders feel right now.

Then Diana McClone(ph) chimed in on a Web discussion about Senator Obama's racial identity to say this: I don't care if the person I voted for is green with polka dots and three eyes. So long as they convince me that they have the better plan for our country, they have my vote.

turn 3 : implies that A has endorsed Hillary Clinton and believes she effectively addresses the issues.

turn 3 : Diana McClone believes that policy is more important than the candidate's appearance.

turn 3 : The administration is unsure of how to defend their stance on the citizenship question.

turn 3 : Implies that the speaker would like to see further reforms beyond what is suggested by Speaker Ryan.

turn 3 : This turn is literal in meaning, as it is a straightforward question asking about the speaker's children.


Well, I don't think anybody really knows, except the two of them, because it was a meeting without staff, without any advisers present. Senator Feinstein came out this morning and spoke to reporters. She hosted the meeting at her home. She said that it seemed very cordial. The two sat in comfy chairs in her living room.

They sipped water. They talked for about an hour and that they were laughing as they left. So, we know that the mood was fairly pleasant, and what Senator Obama's advisers tell us, is that they talked about how to move forward and how to achieve party unity, and how to bring together the factions of the Democratic Party that had supported each of the two of them separately, how to bring them both together to now beat John McCain in November.

So, was it a bargaining session?Was it my votes for a VP slot, something like that?

Well, actually, we're told by Senator Chuck Schumer who's an ally of Senator Clinton's in the Senate that no, they did not discuss the vice presidential chatter. It's hard to imagine that they didn't though, given the fact that it's what's everybody - it's what everybody's talking about right now.

turn 1 :  This turn actually means that the speaker is more concerned with the alternative (Hillary Clinton, Barack Obama, or Bernie Sanders) than with a "Never Trump" attitude, and that it is important for the country and party to come together despite any reservations about Trump.

turn 1 : the literal meaning is that the interviewer asks if recent events and debates make a scene in a book more significant.

turn 1 : implies that the meeting was focused on discussing how to achieve party unity and defeat John McCain in November. However, the actual meaning could be that the meeting was a bargaining session where Obama and Clinton discussed potential terms for Clinton to drop out of the race and endorse Obama. This is not explicitly stated yet is a possible subtextual meaning.

turn 1 : The interview or conversation is coming to an end and the speaker needs to conclude.

turn 1 : implies that A has endorsed Hillary Clinton and believes she effectively addresses the issues.


This is Day to Day from NPR News. I'm Alex Cohen. One of the world's most celebrated playwrights, Harold Pinter, has died. Pinter was a mainstay on the London theater scene since the 1950s. His works include "The Birthday Party," "The Homecoming," "The Celebration," just to name a few. Harold Pinter won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2005. Here he is accepting that award.

There are no hard distinctions between what is real and what is unreal, nor between what is true and what is false. I think it's not necessarily either true or false. It can be both true and false.

The obscurity of those words is Pinter in a nutshell. His plays were light on plot, often taking place in a single room. Pinter offered no easy explanations for why characters acted the way they did. His dialogue was known mostly for. . .  pregnant pauses. In fact, the word people have come to use to describe that sort of tension in silence is Pinteresque. Here's Pinter in an interview with Charlie Rose, joking about the way some people reacted to his work.

When I went to see a production of my play, "No Man's Land. "I went into the bar in the interval. And a man and a woman - I couldn't escape, you know. They stand - stood in dead silence for a while. And then the man said, Oh, well, not as boring as the usual Pinteresque.

turn 2 : when something is pint-sized in this context it means something is very small

turn 2 : (3) Turn A: The implied meaning is that being a black police officer in America can be difficult because of the historical and ongoing use of excessive force against people of color, which can make it hard to reconcile one's identity as a black person with one's role as a police officer

turn 2 : In a nutshell is a small space, so implies that these words describe Pinter in a short manner.

turn 2 : The implied meaning in turn (2) is that the author created the book out of a desire to educate young black people about their cultural history, which they may not have learned from mainstream media sources such as hip-hop videos.

turn 2 : The literal meaning of this turn is to state that the speaker is of mixed racial and/or ethnic heritage. However, the actual meaning is to downplay the significance of the speaker's racial and ethnic identity.


turn 3 : how it play out implies the final result of a thing or series of things that happened

turn 3 :  I'm, you know, it's almost paycheck to paycheck meaning they don't have much money

turn 3 : The amount set aside for wages is insufficient.

turn 3 : (4) Implied meaning: Could the government do something to prevent this from happening, such as introducing a minimum wage?

turn 3 : Not as boring as the usual implies that typically the plays are boring.


A tall building may become synonymous with a place, but it doesn't mean that it's born of that place. You can almost pick it up and put it in any city around the world and it would become synonymous with that city. And it denying thousands of years of vernacular architectural tradition, you know. . .

Yeah, yeah.

. . . to relate to environment and all these other things. So that's where the 95 percent figure, an arbitrary figure, comes from.

The Twin Towers in Abu Dhabi received the tall building innovation award. These buildings carry their own sunscreen, in a sense.

turn 0 : "You can almost pick it up and put it in any city around the world and it would become synonymous with that city." - This turn means that tall buildings are often designed in a similar way regardless of their location, and therefore lack a unique connection to the specific environment or culture of a place.

turn 0 : All they have is the way of life that takes place outside of buildings.

turn 0 : Using "a quarter" to mean money is a non-literal meaning.

turn 0 : their own pockets implies that they were collecting money for themselves

turn 0 : Gordon Brown's plan is earning him praise, but it involves using taxpayer money to bailout three British banks and impose conditions on the banks in exchange for the money.