And so when two clumps of free protons and electrons hit each other, they will slow each other down. But dark matter has no charge. That's why we can't see it because the only reason you and I could see anything, it's because there's charges that are being accelerated. That's what light is. But if something has no charge, it doesn't give off light.

So yeah, so in the Bullet Cluster, dark matter and galaxies stayed together just as they should, and in Abell 520, they do not, and that is a mystery as to why exactly that is. There isn't a comfortable explanation that can be readily arrived at.

Is there a theory about what may be happening, or just - you have to just think about it some more?

Well, so there's a number of things that could be happening. All of them are slightly disturbing.

turn 3 : (4) The speaker is saying that there are several possible explanations for the behavior of dark matter, but all of them are somewhat unsettling.

What is the PersonA's opinion on the explanations for the behavior of dark matter?

Answer: Explanation


I will walk down the red carpet, yes, yes.

Oh, man, that's exciting, huh?Tell us what it was like when you found out, and tell us you found that you had been nominated for Grammy Award, your first.

Well, it's a pretty funny story, because since I'm an indie artist and this is my first foray into the industry, let alone this part of it, I wasn't really expecting anything and I didn't even know when the Grammys were being announced. That's how far off I was. And I was sitting at home in my jammies, actually, watching "Top Chef. "I might have been watching even watching it on TV, I don't know, but the phone rang and it was my producer, who also co-writes my songs with me. And he said, um, I think you've been nominated for Grammy. I was like, shut up.

I was, like - I didn't even know I've been submitted. Like, nobody told me that I had been submitted. I just wasn't even thinking about it. So, it was really crazy. It took a couple of hours, actually, for me to believe him. Like, I actually hung up on him.

turn 0 : I will walk down the red carpet implies that the person is a VIP

Answer: Red


But the important part for the corals is that these things are wonderful eating machines. They move slowly across the reef. They actually invert their stomach onto the corals and dissolve the coral tissue, you know, digesting it as they go. And they leave (technical difficulties) white behind them as they move forward.

So they're like little bulldozers.

Yeah, it's sort of like bulldozers. It's almost more like having a wave of people with flamethrowers going through the brush. You know, the coral physically is left behind, but it's all dead.

Do they have any natural enemies that might, you know, come out and eat them?

turn 0 : eating machines implies to eat too much and hardly get satisfied or filled

What does the term "eating machines" suggest?

Answer: clearing


Inside of his house, family pictures decorate the walls and the fridge. Les has 15 great grandchildren. He grew up in an orphanage, and he couldn't wait to leave to join the military. And so in early 1944, he boarded a ship and crossed the Atlantic Ocean to go to the frontline.

I loved that sailing on, of course. It was so dramatic. You could see all these ships bobbing up and down on the ocean. And destroyers were weaving in and out of them to make sure they uncovered any mines or anything.

When he got to England for the first time, he met other paratroopers who'd already seen combat. Les was a rookie with something to prove.

It was hard to make friends.

turn 1 : Sailing across the ocean during wartime was a perilous experience.

What was the experience of sailing across the ocean during wartime?

Answer: Perilous


Well, I think the water infrastructure we have in this country is seriously neglected. I mean, all infrastructure acts as a foundation for economic prosperity, but water is especially important. It does live in this different world where it's so intrinsic and folks expect that we're going to have clean, fresh water any time you turn on the tap. But given the fact that it's buried, it's literally underground, it's easy to ignore. And while we have large infrastructure problems in this country, the water infrastructure problems loom particularly large.

So we don't see them, perhaps even can't taste them. It's not until they - well, that just makes it easier for problems to hide in a sense.

Exactly. And some of these systems are, you know, were built 100 years ago. Some of the pipes are made out of wood. Some of them were built in the time when metropolitan areas were expanding and decentralizing. And just - we just need to reinvest in these existing systems. But because we don't do a good job in this country investing in the infrastructure that's already built - we do a good job building new stuff - we don't do a good job taking care of what's on the ground. Things like water infrastructure are seriously neglected.

I don't think any city likes to hear - but you have to spend more money.

turn 0 : Water infrastructure is a critical yet underappreciated aspect of our economy and daily lives, and requires more attention and investment.

Which type of infrastructure is particularly neglected in the country?

Answer: Water


Waiting for the winds to drop down below 50 - sustained winds drop below 50. And at that time we send out all of our first respondents of police, fire, EMS, and our utility companies. Everybody goes out and does damage assessment report in their areas. Report it back to us. We make a priority listing, so we can get power back on if we lost any power. Get the resources back and so we can just bring our people back.

But the winds are above 50 miles an hour, now. So, you don't have anybody out right now?Every body's just hunkered down.

Ninety nine percent of our people are hunkered down. We have a few of our - like the sheriff, he is out, and a few other higher ranking agency people are out, but most - 99 percent of our people are hunkered down in shelters.

So, how long do you really expect that that's going to last?

turn 0 : Emergency responders are waiting for the wind to drop before assessing and repairing damages

How do emergency responders plan on repairing damages caused by the hurricane?

Answer: Wait


I'm just looking at the abstract of your study, and some of these numbers are amazing. Seventy-two percent, 72 of all Americans think that global warming should be a very high or medium or a priority for the president and the Congress. That crosses all party lines.

It does. It includes 84 percent of Democrats, 68 percent of independents and 52 percent of Republicans. So yes, there is this difference between Democrats and Republicans. But nonetheless, a majority of Republicans do think that global warming should be a priority for our elected officials.

So why are we all under the impression that there is not this majority?

Ah. Great question. So one of the things that became very clear to us early in our research was that Americans don't speak with a single voice on this issue. And in fact, what we've identified is what we call a global warming's six Americas, that essentially you can look at the country and find that there are six very different communities within the United States, that each respond to this issue in very different ways. One group we call the alarmed. That's only about 12 percent of the public.

turn 0 : It's great to be with you, Ira. Thank you. (Literal meaning: expressing pleasure at being in someone's company)

Which word expresses the PersonA's positive sentiment towards being in Ira's company?

Answer: Great


Right now, American voters are debating whether to put a black man in the White House. In "Palace Council," a reporter named Eddie Wesley finds himself both professionally and personally connected to race, political violence and murder. I asked Professor Carter how he balances his life as a novelist and a Law Professor at Yale?

I think it was more of an escape. When I'm a law professor, I deal with difficult and even depressing subjects. I teach in areas like law and religion, or integrity and ethics, things like that. Writing novels, for me, writing fiction turns out to be a good balance. I write them mainly as entertainment, it's fun for me to write them, and it seems to be fun for readers to read them. Anyway people keep buying them.

Always good. This book really enters some very heavy research territory. As you flip through "Palace Council," you will see John Kennedy referenced, you will see the Vietnam War referenced, Richard Nixon referenced. Tell us a little bit about the structure of the novel, and why all of these actual people show up?

My first two novels, although they were thrillers, I guess I'd call them campus thrillers. They were both set on a mythical Ivy League campus in New England. This novel is, I guess you'd call it, a historical thriller. It begins in the '60s and runs through the '70s, and it tells the story of a massive conspiracy among families. Some very powerful and shadowy families. Some white, and some black, too, aiming at control of the Oval Office.

turn 0 : They aren't literally going to put a black man in the White House, they are going to vote him in.

How does the dialogue mention the race of the presidential candidate?

Answer: Black


So we just had midterm elections, as you know, and people really said health care is an important issue to them. And, you know, that's not a surprise. But lots of Republicans were running ads during this midterm, saying that they were the ones who are going to protect people's health care and, specifically, protect people with pre-existing conditions, which is one of those more sensitive issues around the Affordable Care Act. People want to make sure that if they're sick, they can get insurance.

But in this lawsuit, these Republican attorneys general specifically argue that the pre-existing condition protections had to be struck down when that mandate went away. So now you have Republicans sort of trying to play both sides, which is going to be difficult.

And then there's one other point that, you know, I think a lawyer made to me last night. Congress, in 2017, voted multiple times on whether to repeal the Affordable Care Act, and they didn't do it. And now this judge has gone in and done it by himself. And one lawyer called this a breathtaking act of judicial activism.

In the end, if the Affordable Care Act goes away, if it's abolished, what can we expect to happen?

turn 1 : Republican politicians are trying to both protect and remove pre-existing condition protections

Which issue is one of the more sensitive issues around the Affordable Care Act that Republicans are trying to protect and remove?

Answer: Pre-existingconditions


Has the United States done this before - taken back citizens who have some connection to ISIS fighters?

We know of one previous case. That's of Samantha El Hassani and her four children, who were repatriated to the U. S.  She's now standing trial in Indiana in a federal court, accused of providing material support to terrorism. Although, she's pleading not guilty, saying, you know, her husband dragged her to Syria. The U. S.  has said that they want to take back citizens. And President Trump has even urged in a tweet for other countries to take their citizens back. But it's not a blanket acceptance of people from Syria. The State Department says they're looking at the individuals on a case-by-case basis. And there is the ongoing controversial case of Hoda Muthana. She was born in New Jersey. She's been previously issued with U. S.  passports, but the U. S.  is challenging her citizenship status because her father is Yemeni.

As you point out, this is not just about U. S.  citizens. Tens of thousands of people went to Syria and Iraq to join ISIS. How are other countries handling this with their own citizens?

Well, as you say, it's a huge problem. So we're looking at about 46 other countries who are having to deal with this at the moment. And there's 13,000 women and children in the camps in Syria as well as the men in prisons. Some people have - some countries have taken their citizens back, like Kazakhstan and Sudan. But a lot of countries in Europe are saying, you know, we don't want these people back. The U. K.  has gone as far as stripping some people of citizenship.

turn 3 : The UK government has removed citizenship from some people.

Which government has taken away citizenship from some individuals?

Answer: UK


Their arteries expand. They become these little reservoirs of fresh blood, so that even if the arteries get pinched off, they have access to oxygenated blood while their heads are turned. And they, of course, they need this. They have huge, you know, brains and eyes.

Right. Right. Yeah. So it's a great video. If you want to know how an owl does this, we have the whole thing right there. It's our Video Pick of the Week up there on our website at sciencefriday. com. Also it's up there on YouTube in our SCIENCE FRIDAY YouTube channel. You could watch it there.

Absolutely. Go to YouTube or SCIENCE FRIDAY or download our video podcast and you can take SCIENCE FRIDAY videos on the go.

There you go. And it's made by Flora Lichtman, who is now our correspondent and managing editor for video. Congratulations on your appointment.

turn 0 : Owls have a special anatomy that allows them to turn their heads far.

Answer: wings


And, of course, a lot of the Democrats are aware of these shortfalls. And there are counties with only one insurance company and counties where it's not clear there are going to be any insurance companies. And some of that's been overblown, but there are real problems. And, of course, any bill, any large program, any law needs to be revisited and amended, and the parties need to get together to do that.

These insults this week flying back and forth between the president and Kim Jong Un - lunatic, frightened dog, dotard. I don't know about you, I had to look that one up.

We all did.

This is this just scenery chewing or are people in official Washington worried it could encourage something more destructive?

turn 3 :  implies that the speaker is asking if the exchange is just a show, or whether people in official Washington are actually worried that it could lead to something more destructive.

How is the speaker questioning the nature of the exchange between the president and Kim Jong Un?

Answer: Encouraging


One of the points that you make in the book is that there were always competitors to Boas' ideas. In fact, one of his sort of chief antagonists was a person named Grant. What's. . .

Madison Grant, yeah.

Madison Grant, who actually created some of the institutions which continue to survive today as anti-immigrant think tanks.

That's right. On the one hand, Madison Grant - you know, we owe the survival of the American bison to him. We owe so many of the great conservation institutions to him and conservation areas in the American West to him. But he at the same time believed deeply that what he was seeing in New York - he was from New York, living in New York - was the same thing he had experienced in traveling through the American West - that is, he understood what it was like when noble creatures could suddenly be brought down by invading species or their environment changing, and suddenly, the bison, the elk, the wolf were in danger.

turn 1 : on the one hand refers to one argument a person might have, or an opinion

How did Madison Grant contribute to the survival of the American bison?

Answer: Survival


For many people in Hollywood, Weinstein's behavior did not come as a surprise. Rumors had circulated for years, and that gossip network helped warn some women away from him. Anne Helen Petersen is Buzzfeed's culture writer. She argues that gossip has a vital purpose, especially in Hollywood.

You know, I don't think that all gossip is progressive or feminist. You know, gossip is a major way of policing women's behavior. But at the same time, gossip about which men are dangerous, which men you shouldn't go on to lunch alone with - that sort of information is currency that women use to protect one another.

And in this last week, a document surfaced that was essentially a burn book for men in - who work in the media. The contributors are women who work in the industry, and the accusations are anonymous. They're unsubstantiated. The complaints range from rape to being unsupportive of female colleagues. It's a real range, and it puts illegal behavior, in a way, on the same level as dislikable and unfair behavior. So when does gossip become destructive and more about maligning people than really identifying serious abusers?

This is the - you know, with the thing about gossip networks, sometimes called whisper networks, is that the reason that they work is because you know the woman who is saying the thing to you. So I can - when someone says to me, this is what type of guy this is, I can decide what to do with that information based on that woman.

turn 2 :  "It puts illegal behavior, in a way, on the same level as dislikable and unfair behavior" - The actual meaning is not that illegal behavior and dislikable behavior are being equated, but rather that both types of behavior are being reported anonymously without any substantiation, making it difficult to differentiate between them.

Answer: Behavior


Oh, my God. I love them.

You love them.

I can eat one everyday. You hate them. I'm so interested.

It's literally, like, on my top three worst foods.

turn 1 : In this context, B's response "You love them" is not meant to convey a literal understanding of A's statement, but rather a sarcastic or skeptical response. B is implying that they do not share the same level of enthusiasm for whatever A is referring to. Therefore, the actual meaning of B's response is different from its literal meaning.

Which word best describes the tone of PersonB's response to PersonA's statement?

Answer: Sarcastic


But much more would need to be done to know really when the best time of day would be to eat different kinds of vegetables.

OK. So you started with cabbage. Are there any other veggies that look enticing, so to speak, for you to study or sort of similar to a cabbage cycle?

Well, what we did after we found that this result worked with cabbage, we decided to try to see how broad a phenomenon this might be. We started with other leafy vegetables like spinach and lettuce, and we could show that in the lab, we could re-entrain their circadian rhythms also. And then since those worked, we then went back to the grocery store and bought things like zucchini and blueberries and sweet potatoes and carrots. And of all these we could show could perceive these light-dark signals and reactivate their clock and show rhythmic behaviors.

Mm-hmm. Now, I'm picturing a big head of cabbage. And, you know, cabbage has lots of leaves on it.

turn 2 : The vegetables don't have a clock. They have a system that is regulated according to light.

How are the vegetables' systems regulated?

Answer: Light


Well, and if you believe the federal government or other arms of the federal government, children are not supposed to be held accountable for their parents' debts. But the Social Security Administration and the Treasury have found a way around that thanks to a one-line change they made in the 2008 Farm Bill.

And that line is?I suspect it has nothing to do with wheat or barley, yeah?

Nothing at all. Basically, what it said is the government, which previously had not been allowed to go out and collect debts that were more than 10 years old, now can go back as far as they'd like - decades back. And in the last couple of years, they've been aggressively doing that to the tune of many hundreds of millions of dollars.

And you've talked to several people who've been hit by this, right?

turn 2 : "the government, which previously had not been allowed to go out and collect debts that were more than 10 years old, now can go back as far as they'd like - decades back." Implicated meaning: The government can now pursue and collect debts that are much older than the previous time limit of 10 years.

How far can the government go back to collect debts?

Answer: Decades


As the 2018 NFL season begins, professional football is still the most popular spectator sport in America. But it's declined 10 percent in viewership last year and is beset with tough questions about how the game destroys players while it earns billions of dollars and a continuing controversy over players demonstrating their social and political concerns during the national anthem. A sport once considered a source of national unity now inspires divisions.

Mark Leibovich, The New York Times Magazine correspondent who got the goods on official Washington, D. C. , in his bestselling "This Town," has turned his attention to the National Football League - his new book, "Big Game: The NFL In Dangerous Times. "He's in our studios. Mark, thanks so much for being with us.

Good to be here, Scott.

I have to ask you a hard news question first. An arbitrator ruled this week Colin Kaepernick's grievance against NFL owners could go to trial. He says NFL owners have been colluding to keep him out of the game. Does this case have what I'll call Mueller-like potential?

turn 0 : Professional football's viewership has declined and the game is controversial, despite its ongoing popularity in America.

What did Mark Leibovich write about in his new book?

Answer: NFL


Uterine artery embolization really cuts off the blood flow. The focused ultrasound works slightly differently because it's actually a procedure that doesn't require any incisions. The high-intensity ultrasound goes through the abdominal wall and is able to destroy the fibroid. So, it really doesn't affect the blood supply, but it can zero in and destroy the fibroid tissue.

It sounds like there's been a lot of advances in how people deal with this.

There have been, and I think that many women need to know better what their options are, and even many doctors are not aware of all of the ongoing research. For so many years, we just kind of relied on hysterectomy to fix all of the problems. And I think as women are busy in the workforce and doing more activities with their family and working that the benefit of minimally invasive treatments is really evident.

Suppose that you're someone who's had fibroids and you've had them removed, is there a chance they're going to come back, and if so, what do you do then?

turn 2 : And I think as women are busy in the workforce and doing more activities with their family and working that the benefit of minimally invasive treatments is really evident." - The actual meaning is that because women are busy with work and family, they need treatments that are less invasive and have a shorter recovery time.

What is the reason behind the need for minimally invasive treatments according to turn 2?

Answer: Busy


There are supporters of President Trump's - not necessarily card-carrying Republicans, but some - who look at Barack Obama and say just the fact that he existed, that he was president of the United States, made America more divided. Do you agree with that?

I actually think it polarized Americans because it allowed people to spread this false notion that, look, you have a black president. This black president is a representation of people of color taking over. And when people of color take over, they're going to ruin white lives. Even though the evidence showed that he and others like him were actually creating equal opportunity, were actually making, in certain ways, the lives of white people better. But it allowed people to manipulate Americans into believing that the problem, that the reason why they were struggling was because of black politicians or Latinx immigrants. And then it said to those very people, I will be your savior.

By your definition, is Donald Trump a racist?

Without question. And in many ways, he embodies nearly every aspect of a racist. He's someone who regularly expresses racist ideas, like Latinx immigrants are invading this country, that Mexicans are animals, that black people live in hell, that their communities are infested. But then he simultaneously is supporting policies that specifically target racial groups. We're seeing what's happening at the southern border. We see the ways in which his policies, he's not seeking to protect black people being killed by police. We can see the Muslim ban.

turn 0 : They don't actually carry a card but they are very committed to the republican party.

Which group of people might view Barack Obama's presidency as a reason for America becoming more divided?

Answer: Supporters


He doesn't mash the beans.

OK.

He puts the tahini sauce on the bottom of the bowl.

OK, so that's the No. 1 issue we had is I could not find tahini sauce.

turn 2 : He puts the tahini sauce on the bottom of the bowl" is different from its literal meaning. Its actual meaning is that the speaker had a problem with the tahini sauce being on the bottom of the bowl, rather than on top where it should be.

Which issue did PersonB have with the tahini sauce placement?

Answer: Tahini


Yeah. A lot of people get into it for different reasons. First of all, I mean, if anyone says they didn't get into law enforcement to drive a police car fast with the lights and siren that comes screeching into a parking lot sideways and jump out and tackle a guy, they're lying to you. I mean, there's other greater, noble reasons, but come on, man, really?That's why we do it. It's fun.

Derek Pacifico, retired sergeant of the San Bernardino County Sheriff's Department in California. He now runs Crime Writers Consultations and trains novelists and screenwriters on how to write valid, good, honest crime stories. Sergeant, thanks so much.

Thanks for having me. It was a pleasure.

You have the right to remain silent while listening to WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News.

turn 3 :  implies that you should be mindful of the information you hear and stay informed.

Answer: Silent


God bless them. God bless them both.

The next album. Yes, definitely. I'm very happy for her.

Halle Berry, I guess. Speaking of families, and, you know, issues like that, she won the best actress award at the BET Awards this week, but a lot of people are asking why aren't we seeing more of your baby?

Right.

turn 2 : Asking why the person is hiding their baby and not showing it to the public.

Which award did Halle Berry win at the BET Awards?

Answer: best


Well, that's a big part of the checkout of the - what we're doing for the first month or so is just going through and sort of systematically checking out each part of the rover, all of the science instruments, the basic mobility, capability, the arm, the different pieces just to make sure everything is okay after the voyage to Mars.

And then we'll start doing the science mission and really, in earnest, you know, start exploring the area around Bradbury's Landing. It's - in the case of ChemCam, we also get the benefit with the laser that we were actually able to do some early science measurements, as well. And so, as part of the checkout, we got science data in addition.

Do you have a rock in mind that you want to zap in earnest?

We did, yeah. Well, we actually zapped pretty much the area right around where the rover landed. And it's actually interesting to the scientists because the plume of the rocket engines actually, sort of, scoured out an area on both sides of the rover, which normally Mars is covered, all the surface area is covered, with a lot of dust.

turn 1 : This implies that some science data were also gotten as a result of the inspection of equipment.

What benefit did the inspection of equipment provide?

Answer: Science


You're right. I mean, by the time "Star Trek" came along I haven't - I'd met the love of my life, lost him, I had divorced my children's father; my boys were about 9 and 10. And I was just shot out of a cannon into the most extraordinary work I've ever done in my life or will ever be asked to do because nothing could more challenging, more arduous or rewarding than that part on that series.

Than being Captain Janeway.

That's correct.

I want to go back to your daughter, and you had her decades ago. It was clearly a different time. Do you ever think about how your life would be different if you had made a different decision?

turn 1 : 2) acknowledges the character that the speaker played on the series, Captain Janeway. Turn (3) simply confirms that the previous statement is correct. Turn (4) asks a straightforward question about the speaker's past and whether she thinks about how her life would be different if she had made different choices.

How did the speaker describe the work she did on the series?

Answer: Extraordinary


Well, this obviously has been a really long time in coming for the victims of the crimes in Guatemala, and for their country, as well. I think the victims who had an opportunity to testify in the trial proceedings would say that justice ultimately was not denied, as a result of this really historic outcome, that I don't think anybody expected to happen.

Why?

Well, there has been a really remarkable wave of prosecutions for former political leaders who, in days of yore, would have enjoyed a comfortable retirement and not faced any threat of prosecution. And against that history, in Latin America in particular, many former leaders and other senior officials have faced trial in the last 20 years or so. And it's been a notable phenomenon, and has provided inspiration for countries in other regions of the world, as well.

But Guatemala was the really striking holdout from this pattern. And so while one after another country was able to confront its past, not only through historical confrontations, through truth commissions and other means, but also in court. While that was happening in the region broadly, Guatemala was really almost a poster case for enduring impunity. And there were numerous efforts made over many, many years, led by Guatemalans themselves, but with a lot of support from the international community in many different ways. And despite all these efforts, Guatemala was unable, until recently, to bring past leaders to justice.

turn 0 : Justice has been delayed for the victims of crimes in Guatemala.

Which country has been a poster case for enduring impunity?

Answer: Guatemala


Yeah, it's still very present. I don't think it's still very accurate. I think what this proves is that 5 billion songs is $5 billion, and so they are still saying that global music sales have dropped 8percent to about 19. 4 billion, according to the phonographic industry.

So they are seeing some sales still decline, but you're seeing digital music rise, so I think these music labels are needed to get with the program and get over this fear of piracy, and - and look at this say, you know what?Five billion songs, that's a lot of music that anyone could be buying. I mean, that's just - you know, at the end of the day, that's a lot of music to be purchased.

Mario, thanks so much.

Thank you, Farai.

Mario Armstrong is News & Notes regular technology contributor, and he joined us from the studios of the Baltimore Sun.

turn 1 : Digital music sales are increasing, music labels need to adapt to the changing market.

What is needed for music labels to adjust to the evolving market?

Answer: Adjust


What's the word that comes to your mind when I say Miles Davis?

Blue. I mean, (laughter) is that lame?I mean. . .

No. Not at all. And I think there's this aura to this album. And it is about blue. And it's also about the other word I was thinking of, which is cool. You know, when we talk about the 1950s - bebop, which had come out of the '40s, has really reached a sort of maturity. And bebop is all about frenetic tempos and, you know, this real sort of virtuosic mastery. Miles Davis cut his teeth on bebop. But with this album, he really makes a concerted effort to move in a different direction. And so he brings all this space and openness and these kind of languid tempos and creates a mood. It's no secret why people love it. It just feels good.

All right. One of those guys who played on that album was John Coltrane. He also put out a classic album in 1959. Let's listen to a little bit of the title track from "Giant Steps. "

turn 2 : Miles Davis' album creates a mood that people love.

Which album of Miles Davis is being discussed in the dialogue?

Answer: Love


The show was political. I mean, it didn't shy away from really difficult issues, took sharp aim at President Trump on several occasions. Did that play into Netflix's decision to cancel it, do we have any idea?

I don't get any sense that Netflix canceled it over the political content. If anything, the political content is one of the reasons why they treated this cancellation a bit differently and a bit more gently than they ordinarily do - because there were not a lot of shows out there about a Latin American family with a predominantly Latinx cast dealing with these issues about immigration, LGBTQ issues. You know, every episode has some kind of hot-button subject. You know, one of the characters is a recovering alcoholic. Another has PTSD from serving in the military. So it touched on a lot of things.

And that was one of the things the audience loved about it. I don't think, based on a lot of the other content Netflix has, that that would have been a reason to get rid of it. I think it was purely a financial decision or, you know, whatever the finances actually were.

And the show can't just get plucked up by someone else.

turn 2 : Implicated meaning: The audience loved the show because it tackled difficult and relevant topics. The cancellation was likely due to financial reasons rather than the political content.

How did the audience feel about the show's tackling of difficult issues?

Answer: Loved


Yes. You know, you will talk to Republicans and Democrats who will make very passionate cases that the other party will be to blame in this shutdown. I think shutdown politics are tricky. For one, we have a recent one in memory. The 2013 shutdown was largely driven by Texas Senator Ted Cruz, a member of the Republican Party. Republicans were seen as responsible for that shutdown. They went on to win big in the following midterm elections.

So the idea that being seen as the party that shuts down government will have electoral consequences, I'm not so sure Democrats view it that way.

Yeah. And the last shutdown lasted 16 days.

It lasted 16 days. If this one lasts as long as that, we will also be in a very interesting situation because President Trump's State of the Union address is 10 days from now. And I - my mind. . .

turn 3 : In (4), the speaker implies that if the shutdown lasts as long as 16 days, it will create an interesting situation due to the upcoming State of the Union address.

Which event's timing will be affected if the shutdown lasts for 16 days?

Answer: address


I think my career - had before this was 48, and I thought I had a pretty good game in that game. But it turns out it didn't even come close to this one.

I've read you just came from a weekend tournament where you went 11-41 in two games; from the depths to the heights.

Yeah. Yeah. I had a pretty poor shooting weekend. So coming into this game, my coaches and my teammates really wanted to get me going a little bit offensively to get my confidence up before we head into conference play.

And get your confidence up, you made, I think - what was it?More than 50 shots.

turn 3 :  "get your confidence up" is an idiom that means to increase one's self-assurance or self-esteem, rather than literally raising something up.

How did PersonA's coaches and teammates want to help him before heading into conference play?

Answer: offensively


Thanks very much for inviting me along.

Could you tell us about these horses and their riders?

Absolutely. These four horses, they're all based on the foreshore of the River Thames, just next to Vauxhall Bridge in central London. And it depicts four large-scale horses, based on the London working horse or the Shire horse. And each one of them has a rider on top and also is a kind of hybrid structure. So it's half horse and half oil pump. And they're also in a very tidal zone, so depending on what time of day you visit them, sometimes they're almost concealed and sometimes they're, you know, completely revealed by the water.

turn 3 : The turn that has an actual meaning different from its literal meaning is (4): "How do you cast sculptures in what amounts to an underwater gallery, not just this installation in the Thames, obviously, but some that you've done all over the world?"

Which turn contains a question about casting sculptures in an unusual location?

Answer: 4


It is anything that is connected to the web. Dyn says that attacks against their data centers originated from tens of millions IP addresses associated with various web-connected devices, so things like closed-circuit TV cameras, DVRs, routers. And that's pretty new kind of denial of service attack. We've all been buying these new things, connecting them to Wi-Fi. Internet wonks will call this the internet of things. And, you know, experts have been warning that these things are never secure. And, well, this is the most visible example so far of what happens when hackers hijack a tremendous number of them.

Could this attack - could it have originated with a whole collection of gifted technologists or some guy sitting in his Jockey shorts in his studio apartment?

Like I said, we don't know who was behind it. But it was a very complex staged attack that co-opted lots and lots of devices in people's homes. The specific complexity of this issue was that the devices were around the world. And Dyn says that the final incident was finally completed and resolved. As of last night, they had kicked the hackers out of all of their data servers. But of course, now there's this renewed urgency to talk about what happens when we connect all these things through the Wi-Fi without giving much thought to their security.

And quickly, anything people can do to protect themselves?

turn 3 : This is implying that the speaker is asking for advice or suggestions on how to protect oneself from such attacks in the future, rather than just a quick summary of the issue.

What is the PersonA's intention behind asking for advice in their question?

Answer: intention


It's like a bird treadmill. I mean, it's the same idea, right?

Right.

And the point of this study, which Ivo Ros is doing, was to figure out how much energy it takes to fly. So they have a little heart monitor hooked up to the cockatiels. But again, like imagine what this is like for the cockatiels. So there's all this training involved because for a bird to be flapping their wings and not going anywhere is really weird. So they have to, you know, encourage them not to sit on the bars. And it just was. . .

There's no scenery changing.

turn 3 : "There's no scenery changing." - The literal meaning of this phrase is that there is no change in the scenery, but in the context of the conversation, it is used to suggest that the experiment may be boring for the cockatiels, as they are not able to fly and experience changes in their environment as they would in the wild.

Which aspect of the experiment may be considered boring for the cockatiels?

Answer: repetitiveness


Is racism a problem at the Air Force Academy?

Racism is not a problem at the Air Force Academy. Somebody that decided to put hateful speech and someone that clearly is thinking small and someone that does not embrace our values as an Air Force Academy or as the United States Air Force decided to write something on a message board. And writing something on a message board is not going to take away our values or threaten our institution.

General, may I ask, without giving away anything you've discovered, do you know who wrote those messages?

We do not know who wrote those. The investigation is ongoing. We are fairly certain at this point based on handwriting that one person did write on the boards, but the investigation continues right now as we speak.

turn 1 : The Air Force Academy is committed to its core values and will not tolerate any form of racism or hateful speech.

How is the Air Force Academy's stance on racism?

Answer: Committed


Well, I have. You know, I was born and raised here in San Diego, and we just love it. But yeah, if - regardless of where the location would be, I would be willing to go anywhere - anywhere in the world for that matter, Afghanistan, Pakistan, anywhere that somebody may be able to offer me a job.

I saw some photographs of you in your condo. You've been packing up there, and I noticed behind the moving boxes, hanging in the window were some Christmas lights and some red ribbons. Are you still going to find some ways to celebrate the holidays despite everything that's going on?

Oh, sure. You know, I mean, the last couple of Christmases haven't been all the greatest, you know, because of the situation as well. And so, we're almost kind of getting used to it, but this one just hurts especially bad. But my wife and I are members of the Salvation Army church in Alcahone. You know, so, you know, we haven't forgotten really what Christmas is all about.

It's not about us and each other and the gifts, and at least that's what we want to think right now. But we're really just remembering the birth of our savior.

turn 2 : Despite their tough situation, they are not forgetting the true meaning of Christmas.

How are the couple approaching Christmas despite their current situation?

Answer: Hurting.


Tequila.

Hey, before we go - I go pouring it in, give it a smell, though.

OK.

It's very vegetal.

turn 3 : the literal meaning of "It's very vegetal" would suggest that the tequila has a strong vegetable-like aroma or taste. However, in this context, the actual meaning might be that the tequila has a unique or distinctive flavor profile, possibly referring to the earthy or agave-like characteristics of the tequila.

Which characteristics of tequila might be referred to as "vegetal" in the context of the dialogue?

Answer: Flavor


Murray Horowitz. And I don't care how many operas you write, you're always going to be a clown.

You know, if, God forbid, I were elected president of the United States, the best thing on my resume will still be he was a clown in the Ringling Brothers Barnum and Bailey Circus.

Murray, thanks very much for being with us.

Thank you, Scott.

turn 2 : You will never be taken seriously no matter how hard you try.

Answer: None


No problem.

Aren't the British the original soccer hooligans?

Yeah, exactly. And the Russian fans rioting in France right now, for them the inspiration was the English football hooligan scene of the 1970s, '80s and '90s even. They see England as a spiritual home of football hooliganism, as it were.

How does football hooliganism wind up being a source of inspiration?

turn 1 : This statement implies that the British are known for Soccer disruption.

Which sport are the British associated with disruption in?

Answer: Soccer


Yeah, it's a peculiar thing. What John McCain has said was that his vote was consistent with his early view that we ought not be limiting the military options available, and that those options ought not be constrained and that using enhanced interrogation techniques are something that is useful to the military. But that, of course, contradicts what he has been saying on the campaign trail all along, which is that he's opposed to torture and opposed to these sorts of things. So there's a real inconsistency there, but John McCain seems to think that there is some way to reconcile his position.

So here's the huge question. Is waterboarding legal?What do you think?

Well, you know, that's a great question. You know, if you sort of go back and look at the history of waterboarding, at least in America with respect to prosecutions and laws that have been passed up, you get the growing sense that it is unlawful, that it is illegal, that it's you know, a violation of the U. N.  declaration of human rights. It's a violation of the U. N.  Convention Against Torture. It's a violation of the United States Detainees Torture Act of 2005. The CIA has said that it has not used this since 2003. It prohibited the use in 2006, and so on and so forth. So you would think that there seems to be some consensus growing that it is unlawful. And yet the attorney general has yet to define waterboarding as torture and illegal.

So why is it so hard to determine whether it's torture or not?

turn 0 : A's turn: The actual meaning is that John McCain's position on enhanced interrogation techniques is inconsistent with what he has been saying on the campaign trail, and he seems to be trying to reconcile this inconsistency. The words used may imply that John McCain is being deceptive or inconsistent.

Which politician's position on enhanced interrogation techniques is inconsistent?

Answer: JohnMcCain


So the president, I think, recognized that leverage and negotiated with them. I would have preferred a longer debt ceiling as well, closer to 18 months. But I do recognize the reality of the situation. We're providing relief to the hurricane victims from Harvey. And we're keeping the government running for three months. And we have a three-month debt ceiling. The agreement was reasonable. And again, those very same members who are complaining about it would have never voted for a better deal anyway.

I have to ask. You're from a swing district. I gather you spoke with Speaker Ryan before news of your declining to run for re-election got out. Did the speaker try and change your mind?

Well, I did speak with both Speaker Ryan and Steve Stivers. He's chair of the Congressional Campaign Committee. And they were both, I believe, fair to say, disappointed in what - would certainly prefer that I run for re-election. There's no question about that. But they understand that, you know, these decisions are not just about politics, they're personal. And they respect that, but they clearly would prefer that I run for re-election.

You would have had a tough primary though, right?There's been rallies against you and. . .

Oh, no. There was a rally last week, but it was a - that was a buffoon bus. And it was a - it was a freak show, to be honest with you. I mean, it really was bizarre. I mean, it was a bunch of people from out of town in a bus, you know, yelling and screaming. I mean, it really was not much of anything, but. . .

turn 2 : This implies that A's decision to decline his reelection has a personal reason and not all for political reason.

How does PersonA describe the rally against him?

Answer: Bizarre


But there are some bright spots in the world of retail. We hear about one of them today as part of our series this week, giving you a little break from all that bad economic news. Lisa Olivares manages a kiosk. It's called CCE Headgear. It's at a mall in Fayetteville, North Carolina near Fort Bragg. I recently gave Lisa a call on her cell phone while she was working at the kiosk.

We do custom embroidery. You can either bring in your own items or we provide them for you.

And we're hearing from you on your cell phone at the kiosk now, and we should note that where you are is not too far from Fort Bragg, which is home to the 82nd Airborne Division. And apparently, a lot of the soldiers have been coming home, and how has that affected your business?

Well, I mean, all the economy has been affected, but we're not as bad because luckily, we do do a lot of things for the military. Their wives are still here, so it's constantly them bringing in things that they need to be shipped overseas or just little minor things, things for the babies. It does keep a good flow in, though.

turn 3 : The kiosk's business is not as bad as others due to military customers.

Which group of customers does the kiosk mainly serve?

Answer: Military


And its search-advertising technology is probably the best on the web, so that made Yahoo feel like, hey, we actually have another option. Maybe we don't have to sell out. Maybe we can just utilize some licensing from our partner-slash-competitor and still be able to keep our brand intact. So, it all remains to be seen, but I think it may have worked out that they didn't do it.

Let me throw another company into the mix. What about AOL?After the big AOL-Time Warner merger in 2000, the combined company lost billions of dollars. Now, Time Warner dropped AOL from its name, fired the AOL CEO. Now wants to offload the company. Are any of these three companies we're talking about, Yahoo!, Google and Microsoft, going to go belly up and buy AOL, you think?

You know, that's something that is highly discussed. AOL is going through some serious challenges. We've met with some of their executives over other projects that had to be put off, be delayed, in fact, because of some of these issues. Their headquarters in Dulles, Virginia, has now changed.

They've moved a lot of people out to New York City to try to play up a more of an advertising role and an advertising partner. So, I still think AOL has a strong brand, although I think that brand is with an older audience. I think they've been trying to reinvent themselves. Some of the acquisitions, though, in video has been really smart on their part, like Truveo.

turn 0 : Yahoo was considering selling out but decided to keep their brand intact.

What was Yahoo's main concern when considering their options?

Answer: Brand.


We're hosting an online viewing party of sorts. For all those people who couldn't be among the 75,000 at INVESCO, I guess the next best thing to do is have your computer at your desk and join us. So we'll be linking to a stream of the event, and we'll host a real-time conversation.

So give that address again.

nprnewsandviews. org.

All right. Geoffrey Bennett is the web producer for News and Notes, joining me from the studios at the NPR west. Geoff, thank you very much.

turn 2 : The website address to join the online viewing party is nprnewsandviews.org

Which website address is needed to join the online viewing party?

Answer: nprnewsandviews.org


With more tariffs looming in the U. S. -China trade war, American companies are growing more pessimistic about the outlook for doing business in China. But 87% of U. S.  firms with operations in China say they still haven't moved production to another country, and they have no plans to do so. That's according to a new survey from the U. S. -China Business Council.

To find out why most plan to stay put, we've called up Jay Foreman. He's the CEO of Basic Fun. It's the toy company that makes K'Nex, Lincoln Logs, Cutetitos and Pound Puppies.

Jay Foreman, welcome.

Thank you. Glad to be here.

So I understand that currently 90% of your products are manufactured in China. Tell me why. What benefits does China offer you to base your manufacturing there?

turn 4 : What is China offering you to keep using them to manufacture the products?

What percentage of Basic Fun's products are currently manufactured in China?

Answer: 90%


The children of Jamal Khashoggi have begun receiving compensation. Khashoggi was the journalist from Saudi Arabia who vanished last year. After initial denials, Saudi authorities now acknowledge he was killed after he walked into a Saudi Consulate in Istanbul. The newspaper that once published Khashoggi's columns, The Washington Post, now reports on apparent early moves toward paying blood money to Khashoggi's relations.

Greg Miller reported this story for The Post. Good morning, sir.

Good morning.

What have the children been paid?

turn 3 :  "What have the children been paid?" The implied meaning is not simply asking for information about the amount of compensation the children received, but rather questioning the ethics and morality of the situation, suggesting that it is inappropriate for the children to receive compensation for their father's death.

What is the underlying tone of the question being asked in turn 3?

Answer: Ethics


Well, if things go as expected, Netanyahu is on track to become Israel's longest-serving prime minister. To talk about Netanyahu's long career as prime minister of Israel, we're joined now by Daniel Shapiro. He was the U. S.  ambassador to Israel during the Obama administration, and he joins us from Tel Aviv. Welcome.

Thank you. Great to be with you.

So this will be Netanyahu's fourth consecutive term, but it's his fifth term overall as prime minister. Describe how you think Netanyahu has changed from the day he was first elected prime minister in 1996.

I think he's gone through several phases, at least on the issue that is so central to any Israeli prime minister - the Palestinian issue. He started as a real hard-liner. He dragged his feet on implementing the Oslo Accords they inherited from Prime Minister Rabin and worked on with the Clinton administration. And then when he left office in 1999 and returned 10 years later, he encountered President Obama, who wanted to try, yet again, to press forward on trying to achieve a two-state solution with the Palestinians.

turn 2 : Netanyahu's views on the Palestinian issue have changed over time

How many terms has Netanyahu served as Israel's prime minister?

Answer: fifth


Yeah.

The Land O' Lakes butter box - there's a Native American on that. And an informal poll of people taken around here suggests a lot of people don't even see her.

Well, she's in your refrigerator. And God knows what she's doing at night. I never look closely at it myself. I do buy that brand. And when you look at it closely, what you see is she's kneeling. And she's holding the box that she's in. And so it recedes into infinity. In other words, you know, in that box, you see her again and again and again. So it's this amazing combination of American identity, a generic Indian with really brilliant graphic design that, you know, you don't really notice. But I really do think she's up to something at night in the refrigerator.

(Laughter) I'll check. Is it offensive?

turn 1 : Some people do not notice the Native American on the Land O' Lakes butter box.

What is the image on the Land O' Lakes butter box?

Answer: Native


Two and four.

What happens when school comes along?

That is the million dollar question in so many cities. My wife is extremely active in the local schools and extremely supportive of our extremely local schools right next to our house, which are, as we speak, being shut down and consolidated and struggling. But that is why a lot of people are leaving the city because they see a better school system, even as D. C. 's improves. In many inner cities, schools improve, they see a better system just outside of town. So, we happen to be in with our two kids an excellent charter school. The downside there though, and this is a very interesting discussion, is that we not have a bit of a commute. My wife typically drives our kids to school. And she says, you know, I didn't move to the city to be a suburban commuter.

It strikes me. Towards the end of your book you have this beautiful section about a beautiful urban vision of - a lot of people remember - Mary Tyler Moore walking the streets of Minneapolis - and you're going to - and throwing her hat up in the air.

Yep. Mary Tyler Moore brings up a couple of really interesting things. The most interesting discussion is - I mean, what TV shows did I watch when I was a kid?"Gilligan's Island," "Partridge Family," "Brady Bunch". . .

Well, say what you will about "Gilligan's Island. "That was a walkable environment.

turn 5 : (6) Implies an appreciation and admiration of "Gilligan's Island" as a walkable environment.

Which TV show was mentioned in the dialogue as having a walkable environment?

Answer: Gilligan's


Well, we've - they've already spent too much time, that is the Congress and the president, in getting a deal. So they can't, in my opinion, put together a real big debt reduction bill that the country and its people deserves. In the meantime, this tax problem came in, the Bush tax is going to expire, which was done by the law that adopted it, and that's going to put a big pressure on the budget.

And we've got a law that is so unreasonable that it ought to be repealed, the sequester. I think they're going to find a way to repeal the sequester. I think they're going to find a way to do all of the savings required in the appropriated accounts, the annual billings, but I think they're going to be very short of savings in the entitlement programs, the long-term health care, which costs are going to go skyrocketing along while we sit around thinking everything's rosy. They may not find a way to solve that one.

I hope they do, but I see no evidence that they are doing that one right. So I think they'll get two or three out of the four, and then question for everyone: will they put that much together and say, take it, and some language saying we'll do more next year?I would have some further suggestions, but we don't have time.

Well, Senator Domenici, thank you very much for your time today.

turn 0 : It is unlikely that the Congress and the president will be able to create a debt reduction bill that benefits the country and its people, and this will put a big pressure on the budget due to the tax problem

Which problem will the expiration of the Bush tax cause?

Answer: Budget


Yeah. And is the money - is it as big as drug money, for example?

Much more. I mean, I made drug trafficking for years. But here, we are talking about money that there's no comparison with drugs. Just to give you an idea for two reasons. First of all because these are money that's collected in advance and without risk. It's a typical business without risk because when you put 500 people in a boat, like, 20-meters long and 4-meters large and cost a few thousand euros, you get something like 1 million euros, 800,000 euros for each boat with a cost that is very, very low. And you don't risk anything because basically, you don't care if the human good - the good that you are. . .

Yeah.

. . . Trafficking arrives or not. It's not the same with drugs because is if a load of a drug is lost, of course, there is a real problem. Somebody must pay it. If 100 people died in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea but they pay in advance, there is not any kind of problem for them.

turn 1 :  (2) is implying that the money made in human trafficking is much greater than the money made in drug trafficking due to the low cost and lack of risk involved.

How much greater is the money made in human trafficking compared to drug trafficking according to PersonA's response?

Answer: Much


Well, that's after Stephen Hawking's book "A Brief History Of Time" which is a huge bestseller and many people read it, of course, but probably many more people didn't read it. It's sort of famous as a book that many, many people bought and didn't make it all the way through.

How does the index work?And we should also be very clear that this is completely unscientific and totally for fun.

Absolutely, yeah. So what I did was when you highlight books on your Kindle, when you highlight a sentence that you particularly like, Amazon is keeping track of that - I'm not sure everyone knows that - and Amazon records what five sentences in a book are the most commonly highlighted. So in a book that people are reading all the way through, it might be the case, that those highlights are scattered all the way through the length of the book. But if, on the other hand, there was a book that almost everyone was starting and reading a few pages and then putting down, then all of those highlights would have to be clustered in the first part. So what I did was just average the location of the top five highlights in the book - a very simple measure.

And that's publicly available data?

turn 2 : please provide me with the turn you want me to analyze for the implied meaning.

Which book is famous for being bought by many people but not read entirely?

Answer: Hawking


Are they willing to let people die over that principle?

Oh, no. No, you don't - but to who - and that's such an interesting - I love that you got right to the college dorm part of the argument, you know - are you going to let people die?No one's going to let people die. You know, there's talk about - oh, my gosh, the Trump budget cuts Meals on Wheels. Meals on Wheels gets 3 percent of its funding, approximately, from government sources. Ninety-seven percent is people want to take care of their neighbors.

I. . .

People are not going to let their neighbors die.

turn 1 : A: "Oh, no. No, you don't - but to who - and that's such an interesting - I love that you got right to the college dorm part of the argument, you know" - Here, A is not directly responding to B's question about whether people are willing to let others die over a principle. Instead, A seems to be expressing surprise or disagreement with something else that B said or implied. The literal meaning of A's words does not match their actual meaning, which is more like "I don't agree with what you just said, but it's interesting that you brought up that aspect of the argument."

How did PersonA respond to PersonB's question about people letting others die over a principle?

Answer: believe


Good to be with you, Scott.

So do you see the governor getting through the weekend?

It's hard to see how he can continue in politics, Scott. The visuals here are a hideous reminder at the very beginning of Black History Month of what passed for college humor not too long ago. Northam may be a changed man today. All indications are that he's been an agent of change and racial healing as a man in the military, a man of medicine in Virginia. And it just is so difficult to see how he can go on now with all these calls from all of his allies for him to step down.

And to repeat, it was in his medical school yearbook, and this must have been some kind of ticking time bomb.

turn 2 : an agent of change is someone who speaks up for change

Which individual is mentioned as an "agent of change"?

Answer: Northam


Well, it's my pleasure, Scott. Thank you.

Can you recreate for us in a sense, like our town does, a summer day at that house you loved?

Basically, people woke up as early as they could, as close to dawn. Everyone was kind of on their own once the kids got older and could take care of themselves to fix something for breakfast and start the day however they wanted as long as they were busy.

There was no television, barely a radio. And it would be tuned into very infrequently, generally when the Red Sox were playing. And all you got were scratchy sounds anyway. People were left to just, I guess, invite the outdoors into their hearts and their souls.

turn 2 : Literal meaning: A is describing how people in the house woke up early and were free to start their day as they pleased. Actual meaning: The actual meaning is the same as the literal meaning.

What did people do once the kids got older?

Answer: Busy


Well, we had some great conversations about what it took to play the position. And you know, Bob Watson, who started out as a catcher, was one of the committee members. Phil Niekro, Bert Blyleven and Don Sutton, Pat Gillick, all pitchers, all Hall Famers, were really able to add a lot of insight to what it must have been like.

And the other - one of the main things we talked about was just how they played much shorter schedules in the 1870s. So when you look at career statistics, that's a huge distortion. Deacon White ended up with 2,000 career hits, but he was playing in a - in an average of 40, 50, 60-game schedules a year. So there was no way to generate the kind of career milestones that we look at as benchmarks today. You know, 3,000 hits would be all but impossible. And 2,000 was a terrific accomplishment.

And the number of errors he recorded even as a great defensive catcher would have been, you know, totally unacceptable by today's standards.

Oh, exactly. Yeah. And again, an issue where we had to really sort of look at what - compare him to people from his own era. And when we did that, you know, it became really obvious just how much he stood above his contemporaries.

Are the records from those days good enough that you have reliable accounts of who was good and who was great?

turn 2 : The standards for catcher errors have evolved over time.

Answer: Catcher


I've got to ask you a high hard one, as they call it in baseball, Monsignor. Can you understand if a number of faithful Catholics stand up during Mass tomorrow and tell their priest, look; I'm sorry, father, but what moral authority do you or does the church have to tell me anything when it's hurt so many people who loved it and concealed those crimes for decades?

You know, I certainly understand it. That was what Cardinal Cupich said, actually. He said that if the church doesn't get this right, its moral authority is shot. And so why we're having a global summit on an issue that the church says this is in the front burner and we - they don't do global summits on anything. So the church is trying to say, yeah, this is important, and if we don't get this right, it's over.

Are you concerned the church is going to lose its moral authority over this issue or has already lost its moral authority?

Well, I'm sure it has. It has with many people. There's no question about it. And right - and I think the church has a responsibility, say, to clean up its own act before it tells other people how to act. I totally agree with that.

Monsignor Stephen Rossetti of the Catholic University of America, thanks so much for being with us.

turn 3 : The church should clean up its own act before telling others what to do.

How does PersonA suggest the church should behave before telling others what to do?

Answer: Clean


So I - you either roll your eyes or you laugh at what politicians will do in support of their most fundamental instincts, which as I said is to preserve their own political viability.

It strikes me as not being all that different from what the Chinese badminton team did to try to get a better opponents in the next round.

Well, except there's one difference, right?The badminton team got thrown out of the Olympics. And in this one, if it works, you get elected to the U. S.  Senate.

It's also interesting, Senator McCaskill has said previously she's going to be much too busy campaigning to go to the Democratic National Convention to be photographed, presumably, with President Obama. She doesn't want to do that. I would think, now, congressman Akin may find himself much too busy to go to Tampa.

turn 0 : roll your eyes implies to ignore or pretend nothing happens and not rolling the eyes on the ground

Answer: Ignore


Well, tomorrow, it's going to be a lot of pomp and circumstance. There'll be a wreath-laying at Westminster Abbey. There'll be a state dinner in the evening with the Queen at Buckingham Palace tomorrow, a meeting with Prime Minister May. Of course, she's a lame duck, so we're not expecting a lot there on the policy front. The big thing tomorrow is going to be street protests.

And what are we expecting there?

Huge numbers. There are going to be buses coming in from around England. The streets are going to be jammed. Londoners, of course, very progressive - this is a cosmopolitan city. And they tend to really dislike this president. His anti-immigration policies, his things that he said about women - it just really rubs Londoners the wrong way.

We'll be seeing a lot of things that - a lot of signs, clever signs, which is what British protesters are known for. And we'll also see Tuesday morning the Trump baby blimp make a reappearance. This is the blimp of Trump in a diaper and crying and looking - he's in the form of a baby. Very popular, and I'm sure we'll see lots of people out there when that goes aloft in Parliament Square.

turn 0 : There will be a lot of formal events but street protests will be the highlight.

Answer: Protests


About 50% of my business was China 'cause I focused on that sector of the business.

And now what proportion of your business - what proportion of your lobsters go to China?

Zero. I can't sell a lobster to China. I can't compete with Canadians.

So you have lost half of your business.

turn 2 : Despite having a large market potential, the Chinese market is difficult to penetrate due to competition from Canadian suppliers.

How did Canadian suppliers affect the Chinese market potential for lobsters?

Answer: Penetration


A young upstart reporter at a national news network, a political newcomer fresh from Hollywood, his opponent - a female senator firmly rooted in the establishment, a ratings-obsessed media mogul - does any of this sound familiar to you yet?Amazingly, Alisyn Camerota, a veteran news anchor and host of CNN's morning show "New Day," started writing her new novel years ago. And now the book "Amanda Wakes Up" seems like a crystal ball. Alisyn Camerota joins me from our studios in New York. Welcome to the program.

Thank you, Lulu. Great to be with you.

So are you psychic?(Laughter).

Well, there were many times, many times in the writing of this that my agent editor and I thought I was. But I think, what it turns out, is that there are some perennial favorite themes in politics and in presidential races. And I hit on them because you can predict with some certainty what will come back around.

turn 0 : "fresh from Hollywood" - This turn of phrase is used figuratively to describe someone who is new to politics and has no previous political experience. It does not mean that the person actually came from Hollywood.

Which phrase in turn 0 is used figuratively?

Answer: Figuratively


(Reading) They would ride through the hot, dim woods that sultry, ominous August from the hard ground, littered with spots of sifted sun, on the hills the horses would carry them in a minute to the hollows. There was something terrible about the hollows, deep-bottomed with decaying leaves, smelling of dead water and dark cleavage in insufferable heat. The sound of the horses' feet was like a confused heartbeat on the swampy ground. They both felt it. They used to get off the horses without having said a word and helplessly submerge themselves in each other's arms while the sweat ran down their backs under their shirts. They never talked there. They stood, swaying together, with their booted feet deep in the mulch, holding each other, hot and mystified in this green gloom. From far away in the upper meadows, they could always hear the cicada reaching an unbearable sharpened crescendo.

Lauren Groff, I think I'm fanning myself sitting there, listening to you read.

I mean, you can feel the - just summer love and how dazed she is by desire. And she was writing this - we just looked - in 1934, when not a lot of women were writing this stuff.

Absolutely.

turn 0 : The couple rode horses in the hot month of August. They could see the sunlight on the ground in spots where there were no trees. They rode to a wooded area that had a lot of old leaves, a still creek, and was very hot. The horses hooves sounded odd on the ground. They dismounted and held each other silently.

Answer: August


Well, one of the first things you do when you find out somebody who shares your name is say, oh, where's your family from?So I told him my family was Romanian and many had come over after World War II. And he told me when I asked him that his family was indeed descended from a sort of aristocratic Austrian family and that he was clearly not wealthy now. There had once been a family fortune, but as he put it, mother lived too long.

Mother lived too long.

Mother lived too long.

And so this acquaintance blossomed over the years, and so you got to know him a little bit.

turn 2 : that the acquaintance between the two people had grown over the years.

How did the acquaintance between the two people develop?

Answer: Grown


Give us some specifics on what African traditional medicine might incorporate into your practice.

At the heart of traditional African medicine is God and the ancestors, OK?So now, you have many Africans that want to take advantage of traditional medicine, but they don't want to acknowledge the roots. So the roots, as I'm saying, is understand your relationship with ancestors in terms of ancestors being a part of the community. The use of divination - on the surface, I mean, we've seen different things, maybe on TV or someone is throwing bones or caraway shells and then makes a pronouncement.

But divination is creating a space where you have objects that have a metaphorical representation with respect to elements of a person's life. Divination is something that takes training. And as of all cultures, of course, there's herbal medicine and understanding of diet. But the fundamental premise with African culture is linking everything back, with God and the ancestors being at the central core.

We did an interview with someone who is a spiritual leader in one of the many traditional African spiritual practices. And what you're talking about sounds, in many ways, more like spirituality than medicine. Do you see yourself practicing both, or how, I mean. . . ?

turn 1 : Many Africans want to use traditional medicine but ignore its roots

What do many Africans ignore about traditional medicine?

Answer: Roots


We are. . .

We are - yeah.

There's something - does that bother you or that we're experimenting on ourselves?

Oh, a little bit, I guess, you know?

turn 3 :  "Oh, a little bit, I guess, you know?" The literal meaning is that the speaker is acknowledging that they are bothered to some extent. However, the actual meaning could be interpreted as the speaker downplaying their concerns or trying to appear nonchalant about the situation.

Answer: Reaction


Well, for me it's almost anything that I'm sent and asked to click on in which somebody else is supposedly really embarrassing themselves. And I'm supposed to find this funny. I'm supposed to enjoy the spectacle. But it's just a physical response that I can't, you know. I clench sort of every muscle in my body and I can barely bring myself to watch it and then end up pressing stop. So, you know, examples would be the recording that was around this week of an employee of a cable company attempting to make a departing customer stay using all sorts of extraordinary arguments, I'm told. I'm told it was very embarrassing for the cable company employee. But I don't know because I can't bring myself to listen to it.

The guy who proposed marriage to a woman at the ballpark - you know about this one?

Oh, this is going to be a wedding proposal that is rejected in public, I think?

Yeah, that's it.

turn 2 : Turn (3): The speaker is suggesting that the proposal at the ballpark is likely to be a rejected one.

What is the PersonA's assumption about the proposal at the ballpark?

Answer: Rejected


Not solely, no. And this is something that is commonly, I think, misunderstood. The cornerstone of the healing profession and the physician is the patient relationship. But psychiatry more than any other really has an imperative to maintain the primacy of the patient relationship, so medications were extraordinarily important; they were miraculous developments, but medications alone can't do it.

Yeah. Between fever cures and induced comas and drilling holes in the skull and lobotomies, psychiatry has done some painful things to people in the name of science over the years, hasn't it?

Well, that's the point. That's why it's the untold story. In order for us to genuinely make a case for why psychiatry is a medical discipline that deserves sort of equal footing and respect as other medical specialties, we needed to fess up in terms of what the past was. And so in order to do so, we needed to tell the unvarnished history of the field and then describe why things may not have been helpful and in some cases harmful then, but why that's different now. And nobody should avoid seeking treatment if they think they need it because of uncertainty or fear.

Dr.  Jeffrey Lieberman has written, with Ogi Ogas, a new book "Shrinks: The Untold Story Of Psychiatry. "Thanks so much for being with us.

turn 3 : The literal meaning of this turn is to thank the guest for joining the show and being available. The implied meaning is to thank the guest for their contribution to the show and for providing useful information.

How did the host acknowledge the guest's contribution to the show?

Answer: Acknowledgment


Good morning, Ira.

Good morning to you. What evidence do you cite?What evidence is there that human intelligence is slowly declining?

Well, you know, there are a few things I'd like to say I guess at the onset, and you referred to them in your introduction, and that is any genetically based decay in intelligence is extremely slow. And so we should never be able to detect it by comparisons to people within generations existing right now on the Earth.

Rather, what we see is what you mentioned, an actual, probably recent, increase in intellectual ability. We know that our students are the brightest in generations. They score higher on tests than students ever have before. They take more complex courses earlier and accomplish more. So there's all these reasons to believe that at least recently what we see is an actual increase in intellectual ability.

turn 2 : Genetically-based decay in intelligence is extremely slow, we cannot detect it in existing generations.

What is the rate of genetically-based decay in intelligence?

Answer: Slow


So this is all being done because the government's in debt?

Well, that was sort of the impetus for all of this. They have brought in a lot of revenue. And the government, anticipating that some people would say, hey, it can't be worth your time and effort to go after these small, old debts. The process of going after them's going to cost you more than you bring in. So they've done an analysis that actually shows that they are bringing in more money than it costs to go make the collections. So to that end, they say that they're saving the taxpayers money.

When I asked the Social Security folks who came up with this idea to go after these old debts, they said, well, go talk to Treasury. I went to Treasury. They said, well, go talk to Congress. I went to Congress. They said, oh, it had to be somebody back in Treasury or somewhere in the bureaucracy. So no one is willing to step up and take credit for this. And now that this story has appeared, there's kind of a circling the wagons and it's not - no one wants to be associated with this at this point.

Marc Fisher, who's senior editor at The Washington Post. Thanks so much for being with us.

Thanks, Scott.

turn 2 : The literal meaning of (3) is that no one is taking credit for the decision to go after old debts owed to the government. However, the implied meaning is that there is a lack of accountability and transparency within the government, as no one is willing to take responsibility for the decision.

Which aspect of the decision-making process is criticized by the implied meaning of turn 2?

Answer: Transparency


There's no simple answer to that. What will happen, some of our experiments will be back up and running within two or three weeks. Some of the most complex genetic processes will probably take over a year to get back together. And, you know, disruptions like this push us to think hard about what we want to do and where we want to go.

So I think even though I wouldn't have chosen this - and it really is tremendously sad to have lost our partners in these mice - it's going to push us to think about some new directions which we might not have tried had this not happened. So there is a bit of a silver lining to that.

I wonder if your colleagues are as cheery about this, or at least as optimistic about it as you are.

You know, I've really been impressed and really hardened by the way everyone around me at NYU and people all over the world - I was talking to Ben Crowley(ph) of the New York Times, and I mentioned that I had gotten some 40-odd emails. That's doubled since then. And these are individuals who are offering to give me my own lines back, give me their own lines, to help me with space and resources, to literally take over my experiments until we get back on our feet.

turn 1 : they are performing experiments on mice, and the mice are all dead

Which animal are they conducting experiments on?

Answer: Mice


Immigrants from so many impoverished and deadly places made America rich in all ways. They built America's great cities and industries, factories and schools. They made the American dream come alive in the world. As Margaret Thatcher observed from across the ocean, Europe was created by history. America was created by philosophy. The immigrants who arrive today from Haiti, El Salvador, Somalia, Sudan, Ethiopia, Nigeria, Ghana and a hundred other places keep that dream going with their own lives.

The president's choice of language demands attention and has been denounced around the world, including by members of his own political party. But remove that one ugly sensational word from his remarks and what remains might be no less profane. When you slur and insult people from countries who have helped make America, America is smeared, too.

(Singing) If I go away, I want you to pray not for me, for the souls who have gone away before.

Leyla McCalla singing "A Day For The Hunter, A Day For The Prey. "

turn 3 : (4) The meaning of this phrase is to recognize the artist and the song being sung, not to describe a day for hunting and catching prey

Answer: A-Day-For-The-Hunter


Congressman, welcome. Thank you so much for talking to us.

Thank you so much.

So the State Department put out a joint statement last night. It said in part that - I'm quoting here - "Mexico will take unprecedented steps to increase enforcement to curb irregular migration" - end quote. And those steps include deploying its National Guard to Mexico's southern border. So what other actions does the U. S.  expect Mexico to take?

Well, let's keep in mind that Mexico right now is stopping about 250,000 people a year on the southern border. That is, they hold them, and they deport them back on the southern border. So that's a quarter of a million people that would be coming to the United States.

You know, I assume they're going to hopefully stop some of those buses where they have people coming in from the southern border, and they get quickly to the United States, or if it's a caravan walking that they will start dispersing those caravans. And I've heard that in the last couple of days, that is what they're doing. They're holding people more in the southern border. And I think that's one way they're going to be helping the U. S.

turn 4 : Mexico will start dispersing caravans and holding people more at the southern border to help the US.

What is Mexico expected to do to help curb irregular migration according to the joint statement?

Answer: Dispersing


Oh, it's kind of odd. Really, it's quiet. The streets are quiet. There's this wariness, though, that, you know, death could burst from the sky at any second. Obviously, this is something that Israelis are experiencing as well with rocket fire there. But here, there are no warning sirens. There's not an Iron Dome to intercept anything. The military strength of Israel is tremendously more powerful than the military strength of Hamas or Islamic Jihad or other groups here. In some cases, Israel does warn people about strikes. For example, I spoke to a woman this morning whose neighbor is part of Hamas, that that person got a phone call this morning to get out of the house. He alerted the neighbors. This is sort of normal. She burst into tears. Her husband said, don't cry in front of the children. She took the kids to a friend's. She went to work.

And a normal life continues in the midst of all this?

Well, in some ways, it has to. If you aren't right next to a rocket attack, you might not even know it happens - or close enough by to hear it. I did speak to a man this morning whose, you know, baby came two weeks early three days ago. And he had to take the baby boy to the doctor last night at night. He had to do it even though he didn't want to be driving around at night. So, yes, people do carry on as they can.

And briefly - we don't have much time - but there have been similar flare-ups like this in recent years. Is there any sense of what's coming next in this conflict?

turn 1 : Implied meaning: Is it possible to continue with a normal life despite the conflict?

How do people carry on during the conflict?

Answer: Neighbors


(Laughter).

. . . The future seems to be getting here, doesn't it?

Well, we've always joked on "Men In Blazers," Scott, that soccer has been America's sport of the future since 1972. But that future is very much now. So next Friday, next Saturday we are holding BlazerCon, which is kind of a Comic-Con but for football. You could say it's like Comic-Con but nerdier, where football fans from across America will come together in Brooklyn and meet with some of the elite global thinkers who are shaping the tectonic plates of football from the Premier League Chairman Richard Scudamore, Christian Siefert, who runs Bundesliga, the gentleman that runs Liverpool, Manchester City, Everton Football Club, as well as the U. S.  women's national team players, MLS owners. It's going to be an absolute cacophony of really exploring joyously the future of football globally, but more importantly, I guess for us, how this game is going to evolve in America in the next decade.

Roger Bennett, host of "Men In Blazers," thanks so much. Hope to talk to you soon, Roger.

turn 0 : The speaker is expressing amusement at the idea of the future being here.

Which emotion was expressed by the speaker in turn 0?

Answer: Amusement


He just said Father Sullivan was a great orator. He was a great debater on theology - so on and so forth. And then my wife asked if there are any relatives living in the area?And he said, I don't think so. But there is a relative connection in Buffalo if you'd be interested in hearing about that. So he took us down the hall into a bigger office. He sat behind the desk. We sat on the other side. He said to my wife, are you an attorney?And she said no. He looked at me - are you an attorney?I said no. He said whatever we say here will stay in this room today. So I said to him, you know. He said, yeah, I know. I said, how do you know?He said, you look just like him.

Wow. Oh, that must have been an extraordinary moment.

Well, it was a moment that I didn't expect. And I guess, you know, it was spontaneous on his part. He's in his 80s. I pop in. He knew I existed but never thought I'd knock on his door. I went back to see him, though, about a month later to get the details of what he had told me before, and he rescinded everything he said.

And then what happened?What did you do to get to the point where you actually were able to exhume your father's body?

turn 0 : Whatever each person said at that time will not be repeated to anyone.

How did the person respond when asked if they were an attorney?

Answer: No


When you hear the Spanish word quinceanera, you might think of poufy, pink dresses, big, boisterous family parties and a traditional rite of passage for 15-year-old Latina girls. A new HBO documentary series takes us inside the modern quinceanera. There are profiles of an East LA teen boxer. OK, so she does wear a pink, poufy dress, albeit with boxing gloves. There's also a rodeo duo and a transgender coming-of-age story. One of the girls whose quince was featured in the HBO series, "15: A Quinceanera Story," joins us now from Fort Myers, Fla.  She's Rosi Alvarez.

Welcome.

Hi.

Hi. And we also have the filmmaker and director Matthew O'Neill on the line from New York.

turn 0 : The documentary series goes beyond traditional quinceaneras with different stories.

What kind of stories are featured in the HBO documentary series?

Answer: Different


And he has gotten some criticism, interestingly, from some of his previously most supportive conservative voices, like Ann Coulter and Alex Jones of InfoWars but also from Congress, who've been asking the same questions as your previous guest, which is, what is the overall strategy for solving the Syrian crisis?So far, the strategy seems to be defeat ISIS and get out. And, wherever possible, make it contrast with President Obama. But the strategy does seem to be very similar to President Obama's - do the bare minimum to save face when chemical weapons are used.

And it is possible that maybe you can't really solve the Syrian problem or even stop Assad from using chemical weapons if you're not willing to risk hitting some Russians because all of Syria's most valuable military assets now are intertwined with Russians in Syria.

So you say that some of his actions have been uncharacteristically un-Trumpian and that they're reminiscent of Obama. But what is Trumpian is that he's been conducting Syria policy over Twitter.

That's right, and he previewed the strikes. He said they were coming fast and smart. The missiles were coming. He then backtracked and said, maybe I haven't decided on a strike. And then, he tweeted something that really got everyone's attention. He said mission accomplished, which are two words that. . .

turn 0 : The strategy to solve the Syrian crisis is similar to Obama's

Which two words did Trump use that got everyone's attention?

Answer: Mission-accomplished


I mean, as far as I'm not a Catholic, but the pope can do whatever he likes. But the gospels are pretty clear in the Greek that the original translation - lead us not into temptation - is the best reflection of that biblical Greek. It's a subjunctive verb. It's used in the second person, addressed directly to God. And it really does say, do not lead us into temptation. Please - I hope that you do not lead me into temptation. And that's really what the Greek says.

And what is the Greek, by the way?

(Speaking Greek). That's the end of it. That's the addition - (speaking Greek). There's an addition. So for thine is the kingdom, the power and the glory is a later addition. So originally, when they translated the text - the King James version - they thought that that bit was original, but actually, it ends with deliver us from evil, so that for thine is the kingdom is sort of - it's a doxology that was added on later.

Yet another change.

turn 0 : The speaker does not agree with the Catholic views of the pope but acknowledges his power.

How does the speaker feel about the pope's power?

Answer: Whatever


We're talking about 2. 8 million people. Has the rise of temporary workers figured into, at least, the statistical improvement of the U. S.  economy for some people?

It has. Overall, about one seventh of the total job growth has been in the temp sector. The temp sector is growing nine times faster than the overall private sector as a whole. And the 2. 9 million workers represents a record number, both in the number of temp workers and in the percentage of the economy that they make up.

You know in "Harvest Of Shame," Edward R.  Murrow very famously said, the people we're showing you in this documentary have picked your Thanksgiving bounty with their bare hands, and this is how they live. What should we look at in our everyday lives that might remind us of how we're dependent on temp workers to get by?

It's very similar in how the goods change by the season. If you look at Valentine's Day, they pack our chocolates. If you look at Memorial Day, the barbecue grills are packed by temp workers. At Christmas, all the clothing and toys and gifts we get - the same things we saw in "Harvest Of Shame," how workers get hired, how much they're paid, how they're transported to work is exactly the same thing that's happening here. The only difference is now that instead of picking things we're packing things.

turn 2 :  The implied meaning of this turn is to reflect on our reliance on temporary workers in our day-to-day lives, rather than its literal meaning of asking what we can look at to remind us of the plight of temporary workers.

What is the sector that has been growing nine times faster than the overall private sector as a whole?

Answer: Temp-sector


The Pythians were a black baseball team in Philadelphia from about 1866 to 1872. And they were damn good. And like just about every other dimension of his life, he used that arena to fight for equality.

And he met a tragic end, I gather.

Yup. Much like Martin Luther King, he had his young life cut short by gunfire from a white assassin.

turn 3 : I don't understand how America doesn't know so much about him and why Philadelphia took so long to recognize him." Implied meaning: "The person being discussed was not given the recognition and respect he deserved, and this is a failure on the part of both America and Philadelphia."

What was the failure on the part of both America and Philadelphia?

Answer: Recognition


He ended up in a small town in Alabama where he did have an encounter with a local police officer. At that point, he told police he had had a canoeing accident. They led him to a local motel. He checked in, paid cash. The police came back later to try to locate him. And by that time, he'd wandered off into the woods.

Why might Mr.  Schrenker want people to believe he was dead?

Well, it turns out he faces just a host of financial problems, also some personal problems, I might add. The Indiana Securities Division, the Indiana Insurance Commissioner are both looking into very serious allegations of misappropriated money from his financial company.

And do you think, even given these problems, he might have had enough assets to help him flee the country?

turn 0 : He did not have a canoeing accident, he was running away from something.

Which accident did Mr. Schrenker claim he had to the police?

Answer: Canoeing


Exactly. He's betting on this, and he's No. 1 in the polls.

I gather you were a protester in 2011. Do you believe these democratic elections are going to come closer to realizing the dreams that brought you into the protest movement?

I'm not thinking that these elections in 2019 will change anything major. But on the grand scheme of things, we're showing to the people in the Arab world that they can be free. We are writing this beautiful story of an Arab Muslim country that is able to sustain its democracy, that has a president that died. And after 48 days from his passing, we're having the elections being prepared, as the constitution mentioned. We didn't see a single boot (ph) in the street, no gunshots - nothing - no coups.

And we need the U. S.  and other allies to just realize that whatever we're doing here is a blueprint for the region as well.

turn 1 : They might bring the person closer to what they hoped for in their life.

How might the elections in 2019 impact the dreams of the protester in 2011?

Answer: Impact


I think, it means, that the voters, or the people being polled as voters, don't take their cues from the media, which is not really hard to believe. I think most people absorb a certain amount of media information that they choose from certain sources of media information. They generally tend to go to ones that they find simpatico. They may agree or not agree with a lot of what they hear, but they make up their own minds, and they make up their minds on the basis of things that were in their minds before they went to the media.

Well, Ron. Thanks so much.

My pleasure, Farai.

Ron Elving is NPR's senior Washington editor. He joined us from NPR's headquarters in Washington, D. C.

turn 0 : People make their own decisions when it comes to voting and are not influenced by the media as much as one might think.

Answer: Own


Yeah. I mean, since the first century, it becomes sort of the core element of Christian prayer. Obviously, there's a huge amount of diversity today among different groups of Christians and in antiquity. Likewise, there is a huge amount of variation. But in the Gospel of Matthew and in the Gospel of Luke, it's used to teach Jesus's followers the right way of praying - sort of the model for prayer.

And so why is it that the pope is supportive of the change?I do want to note that it's not that he wrote it. It was approved by the - maybe he did. I don't know. But it was approved by the General Assembly of the Episcopal Conference of Italy last month, and the pope has approved it. But I do understand that he said back in 2017 that he thought the wording should be altered. Why is that?What does he think this new wording does that the old one did not?

Well, the old wording - lead us not into temptation - can imply that God has some hand in leading people into sin or allowing people to sin or tempting them. And so I think the pope is uncomfortable with that idea, which is fair enough.

And now to your view of it because you are an expert in, among other things, the Greek New Testament. So tell me your concern - or is it an objection to it?

turn 2 : When A says 'there's a huge amount of diversity today among different groups of Christians and in antiquity', they mean that different groups of Christians have different prayer practices.

What is the core element of Christian prayer according to the Gospel of Matthew and the Gospel of Luke?

Answer: Matthew


Perhaps the most interesting part of it is the number of loose ends that we have. On one hand, Secretary Pompeo said there was no doubt Iran was responsible for the whole thing. And he listed a whole series of things that he said Iran had been doing, one of which was apparently an unknown militia in Iraq and the other was action by the Taliban in Afghanistan.

So maybe Iran really was responsible for the attacks on the tankers. But I think the fact that Pompeo chose to blame them for absolutely everything that's going on in the region that we don't like is a pretty good indication that the United States really is on a kind of propaganda campaign against Iran. But that doesn't solve the problem.

I was going to ask about the Iran side of this. So just, you know, for the sake of argument, what would Iran's motive be - if these attacks detected - what would be their motive?

As I say, I'm not doubting too much that Iran had a hand in this thing. Their motive is I think quite clear. We are in the middle of a signaling process that is going on. The United States is actually cracking down on Iran so that, basically, Iran not only can't sell oil. It can't sell its refined products. And, increasingly, Iran's closed out of international markets for just about anything that they produce.

turn 3 : The US is blocking Iran's access to international markets.

What is Iran's motive for the attacks on the tankers?

Answer: Signaling


Oh, no. I love grapefruit.

(Laughter).

It's one of the best things in the world.

Seriously?

turn 1 : (2) Laughter could mean disbelief, surprise, or disbelief in what A just said.

How did PersonB respond to PersonA's statement about grapefruit?

Answer: Laughter