type: contracts

jurisdiction: EU

text:
 16.12.2010
 FR
 Journal officiel de l'Union européenne
 L 332/57
 DÉCISION DU COMITÉ MIXTE DE L’EEE
 No 107/2010
 du 1er octobre 2010
 modifiant l’annexe XIII (transports) de l’accord EEE
 LE COMITÉ MIXTE DE L’EEE,
 vu l’accord sur l’Espace économique européen, modifié par le protocole portant adaptation de cet accord, ci-après dénommé «l’accord», et notamment son article 98,
 considérant ce qui suit:
 (1)
 L’annexe XIII de l’accord a été modifiée par la décision du Comité mixte de l’EEE no 90/2010 du 2 juillet 2010 (1).
 (2)
 Le règlement (CE) no 300/2008 du Parlement européen et du Conseil du 11 mars 2008 relatif à l’instauration de règles communes dans le domaine de la sûreté de l’aviation civile et abrogeant le règlement (CE) no 2320/2002 (2) a été intégré dans l’accord par la décision du Comité mixte de l’EEE no 69/2009 du 29 mai 2009 (3), accompagné d’adaptations en vue de tenir compte de la situation spécifique de certains pays.
 (3)
 Le règlement (UE) no 1254/2009 de la Commission du 18 décembre 2009 fixant les critères permettant aux États membres de déroger aux normes de base communes en matière de sûreté de l’aviation civile et d’adopter d’autres mesures de sûreté (4) doit être intégré dans l’accord,
 DÉCIDE:
 Article premier
 Le point suivant est ajouté après le point 66hc [règlement (UE) no 72/2010 de la Commission] de l’annexe XIII de l’accord:
 «66hd.
 32009 R 1254: règlement (UE) no 1254/2009 de la Commission du 18 décembre 2009 fixant les critères permettant aux États membres de déroger aux normes de base communes en matière de sûreté de l’aviation civile et d’adopter d’autres mesures de sûreté (JO L 338 du 19.12.2009, p. 17).
 Aux fins du présent accord, les dispositions du règlement sont adaptées comme suit:
 Ce règlement s’applique à compter de la date à laquelle la dernière décision du Comité mixte de l’EEE intégrant dans l’accord les mesures nécessaires pour assurer l’applicabilité du règlement (CE) no 300/2008 entre en vigueur.»
 Article 2
 Les textes du règlement (UE) no 1254/2009 en langues islandaise et norvégienne, à publier dans le supplément EEE du Journal officiel de l’Union européenne, font foi.
 Article 3
 La présente décision entre en vigueur le 2 octobre 2010, pour autant que toutes les notifications prévues à l’article 103, paragraphe 1, de l’accord aient été faites au Comité mixte de l’EEE (5).
 Article 4
 La présente décision est publiée dans la partie EEE et dans le supplément EEE du Journal officiel de l’Union européenne.
 Fait à Bruxelles, le 1er octobre 2010.
 Par le Comité mixte de l’EEE
 Le président
 Stefán Haukur JÓHANNESSON
 (1) JO L 277 du 21.10.2010, p. 43.
 (2) JO L 97 du 9.4.2008, p. 72.
 (3) JO L 232 du 3.9.2009, p. 25.
 (4) JO L 338 du 19.12.2009, p. 17.
 (5) Pas d’obligations constitutionnelles signalées.


type: legislation

text:
 Avis juridique important
 |
 32003L0002
 Richtlinie 2003/2/EG der Kommission vom 6. Januar 2003 über Beschränkungen des Inverkehrbringens und der Verwendung von Arsen (zehnte Anpassung der Richtlinie 76/769/EWG des Rates an den technischen Fortschritt) (Text von Bedeutung für den EWR)
 Amtsblatt Nr. L 004 vom 09/01/2003 S. 0009 - 0011
 Richtlinie 2003/2/EG der Kommissionvom 6. Januar 2003über Beschränkungen des Inverkehrbringens und der Verwendung von Arsen (zehnte Anpassung der Richtlinie 76/769/EWG des Rates an den technischen Fortschritt)(Text von Bedeutung für den EWR)DIE KOMMISSION DER EUROPÄISCHEN GEMEINSCHAFTEN -gestützt auf den Vertrag zur Gründung der Europäischen Gemeinschaft,gestützt auf die Richtlinie 76/769/EWG des Rates vom 27. Juli 1976 zur Angleichung der Rechts- und Verwaltungsvorschriften der Mitgliedstaaten für Beschränkungen des Inverkehrbringens und der Verwendung gewisser gefährlicher Stoffe und Zubereitungen(1), zuletzt geändert durch die Richtlinie 2002/62/EG der Kommission(2), insbesondere auf Artikel 2a, eingeführt durch die Richtlinie des Rates 89/678/EWG(3),in Erwägung nachstehender Gründe:(1) Durch die Richtlinie 89/677/EWG des Rates(4) zur achten Änderung der Richtlinie 76/769/EWG werden das Inverkehrbringen und die Verwendung von Arsen bestimmten Beschränkungen unterworfen.(2) Im Rahmen einer Überprüfung der Gemeinschaftsbestimmungen über die Verwendung von Arsenverbindungen zur Holzbehandlung(5) im Anschluss an den Beitritt Österreichs, Finnlands und Schwedens zur Europäischen Union im Jahre 1995 wurden eine Risikobewertung und eine Analyse der Vor- und Nachteile weiterer Beschränkungen für Arsen in Holzschutzmitteln durchgeführt.(3) Die Risikobewertung wurde dem Wissenschaftlichen Ausschuss Toxikologie, Ökotoxikologie und Umwelt (SCTEE) zur Begutachtung vorgelegt(6); der SCTEE gelangte zu dem Schluss, dass die Hauptrisiken korrekt bestimmt wurden. Dazu gehören Risiken für die menschliche Gesundheit, die sich aus der Entsorgung von mit Holzschutzmitteln des Typs CCA (Kupfer-Chrom-Arsen) behandeltem Holz ergeben; insbesondere gehören dazu Gesundheitsrisiken für Kinder durch die Verwendung von mit CCA behandeltem Holz für Spielplatzgeräte. Außerdem wurde ein Risiko für die aquatische Umwelt in bestimmten Meeresgewässern festgestellt.(4) Da es kaum Erkenntnisse zu dem Verhalten von mit Arsen behandeltem Holz in Deponien gibt, riet der SCTEE außerdem dazu, Vorsicht walten zu lassen und die Verwendung von Holzschutzmitteln auf Arsenbasis auf die Situationen zu beschränken, die dies unbedingt erfordern.(5) In einer weiteren Prüfung der gesundheitlichen Auswirkungen von Arsen(7) gelangte der SCTEE zu dem Schluss, dass der Stoff sowohl genotoxisch als auch bekanntermaßen karzinogen ist, und dass es angezeigt sein kann zu berücksichtigen, dass es keinen Schwellenwert für karzinogene Wirkungen gibt.(6) Gemäß der Entscheidung 2000/532/EG der Kommission vom 3. Mai 2000 zur Ersetzung der Entscheidung 94/3/EG der Kommission über ein Abfallverzeichnis gemäß Artikel 1 Buchstabe a) der Richtlinie 75/442/EWG des Rates über Abfälle und der Entscheidung 94/904/EG des Rates über ein Verzeichnis gefährlicher Abfälle im Sinne von Artikel 1 Absatz 4 der Richtlinie 91/689/EWG des Rates über gefährliche Abfälle(8), zuletzt geändert durch die Entscheidung 2001/573/EG des Rates(9), wurde mit CCA-Holzschutzmittel behandeltes Holz als gefährlicher Abfall eingestuft.(7) Richtlinie 98/8/EG des Europäischen Parlaments und des Rates vom 16. Februar 1998 über das Inverkehrbringen von Biozid-Produkten(10) legt Bestimmungen für die Harmonisierung der Zulassung von Bioziden auf europäischer Ebene fest, und in der Verordnung der Kommission (EG) Nr. 1896/2000 vom 7. September 2000 über die erste Phase des Programms gemäß Artikel 16 Absatz 2 der Richtlinie 98/8/EG des Europäischen Parlaments und des Rates über Biozid-Produkte(11) wird die Anforderung gestellt, dass Holzschutzmittel im Rahmen des Prüfprogramms unter der Richtlinie 98/8/EG prioritär bewertet werden. Für Arsen wurden innerhalb der in der Verordnung (EG) Nr. 1896/2000 vorgesehenen Frist eine Bestimmung und eine Notifizierung als Wirkstoff vorgelegt. Ein vollständiges Dossier zur Beurteilung von Arsen als Altstoff muss bis zum 28. März 2004 eingereicht werden.(8) Im Hinblick auf die Risikobewertung und unter Berücksichtigung des Vorsorgeprinzips müssen - in Erwartung einer Harmonisierung der Bestimmungen gemäß der Richtlinie 98/8/EG oder einer Entscheidung gemäß Artikel 6 Absatz 3 der Verordnung (EG) Nr. 1896/2000 - die Beschränkungen für Arsen in der Richtlinie 76/769/EWG an den technischen Fortschritt angepasst werden. Diese Richtlinie gilt nicht für CCA behandeltes Holz, das bereits in Verwendung ist.(9) Diese Richtlinie berührt nicht die Gemeinschaftsvorschriften über Mindestanforderungen zum Schutz der Arbeitnehmer, insbesondere die Richtlinie 89/391/EWG des Rates vom 12. Juni 1989 über die Durchführung von Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung der Sicherheit und des Gesundheitsschutzes der Arbeitnehmer bei der Arbeit(12), die Richtlinie 90/394/EWG des Rates vom 28. Juni 1990 über den Schutz der Arbeitnehmer gegen Gefährdung durch Karzinogene bei der Arbeit (sechste Einzelrichtlinie im Sinne von Artikel 16 Absatz 1 der Richtlinie 89/391/EWG(13), zuletzt geändert durch die Richtlinie 1999/38/EG(14), sowie die Richtlinie 98/24/EG des Rates vom 7. April 1998 zum Schutz von Gesundheit und Sicherheit der Arbeitnehmer vor chemischen Arbeitsstoffen bei der Arbeit (vierzehnte Einzelrichtlinie im Sinne des Artikels 16 Absatz 1 der Richtlinie 89/391/EWG)(15).(10) Die Maßnahmen dieser Richtlinie stehen im Einklang mit der Stellungnahme des Ausschusses zur Anpassung von Richtlinien zur Beseitigung der technischen Handelshemmnisse für gefährliche Stoffe und Zubereitungen an den technischen Fortschritt -HAT FOLGENDE RICHTLINIE ERLASSEN:Artikel 1Anhang I der Richtlinie 76/769/EWG wird gemäß dem Anhang dieser Richtlinie geändert.Artikel 2Die Mitgliedstaaten erlassen und veröffentlichen bis spätestens zum 30. Juni 2003 die Vorschriften, die erforderlich sind, um dieser Richtlinie nachzukommen. Sie setzen die Kommission unverzüglich davon in Kenntnis. Sie wenden diese Rechtsvorschriften ab dem 30. Juni 2004 an.Wenn die Mitgliedstaaten diese Vorschriften erlassen, nehmen sie darin selbst oder durch einen Hinweis bei der amtlichen Veröffentlichung auf diese Richtlinie Bezug. Die Mitgliedstaaten regeln die Einzelheiten dieser Bezugnahme.Artikel 3Diese Richtlinie tritt am zwanzigsten Tag nach ihrer Veröffentlichung im Amtsblatt der Europäischen Gemeinschaften in Kraft.Artikel 4Diese Richtlinie ist an alle Mitgliedstaaten gerichtet.Brüssel, den 6. Januar 2003Für die KommissionErkki LiikanenMitglied der Kommission(1) ABl. L 262 vom 27.9.1976, S. 201.(2) ABl. L 183 vom 12.7.2002, S. 58.(3) ABl. L 398 vom 30.12.1989, S. 24.(4) ABl. L 398 vom 30.12.1989, S. 19.(5) Assessment of the Risks to Health and to the Environment of Arsenic in Wood Preservatives and of the Effects of Further Restrictions on its Marketing and Use, 1998.(6) http://europa.eu.int/comm/ food/fs/sc/sct/out18_en.html.(7) http://europa.eu.int/comm/ food/fs/sc/sct/out106_en.html.(8) ABl. L 226 vom 6.9.2000, S. 3.(9) ABl. L 203 vom 28.7.2001, S. 18.(10) ABl. L 123 vom 24.4.1998, S. 1.(11) ABl. L 228 vom 8.9.2000, S. 6.(12) ABl. L 183 vom 29.6.1989, S. 1.(13) ABl. L 196 vom 26.7.1990, S. 1.(14) ABl. L 138 vom 1.6.1999, S. 66.(15) ABl. L 131 vom 5.5.1998, S. 11.ANHANGAnhang I der Richtlinie 76/769/EG, Ziffer 20, enthält folgende Fassung:>PLATZ FÜR EINE TABELLE>


type: wikipedia

text:
Koń mechaniczny (KM) – jednostka mocy w układzie MKS, spoza układu SI.
 1 KM = 75 kgfm/s = 735,49875 W = 0,9863 HP
 Jednostka utworzona w XIX w. w Niemczech na wzór konia parowego (HP) stosowanego w krajach anglosaskich dla porównywania mocy maszyn parowych z koniem. Silnik parowy o mocy 3 KM może oddać w przybliżeniu taką moc co 1 pracujący koń. . Tak więc moc 3 KM jest mocą brutto oddawaną przez 1 konia z pominięciem strat. Stosowany bywa też niemiecki skrót PS (Pferdestärke).
 Po wprowadzeniu układu SI jednostkę KM zastąpiono watem. Mimo to, wciąż jest używana do określenia mocy silników spalinowych. Gdy moc podawana jest w obydwu jednostkach, to drugą wartość umieszcza się w nawiasach.
 Można spotkać też oznaczenie bhp (lub BHP), jest to Brake Horse Power – moc silnika nie uwzględniająca strat mocy wynikających z przeniesienia napędu, uzyskana na hamowni. Wyróżnia się także whp (lub WHP), Wheel Horse Power - efektywna moc przenoszona na koła; wartość ta zwykle jest niższa od nominalnej mocy silnika, ponieważ uwzględnia opory stwarzane przez dalsze przekładnie (np. skrzynię biegów), układ napędowy.
 Potocznie przez konie mechaniczne rozumie się brytyjskie konie parowe (HP), co może prowadzić do różnic w obliczeniu mocy (obie jednostki tłumaczy się jako horsepower po angielsku, ewentualnie odróżnia się je: HP(I) - koń parowy, od Imperial i HP(M) - koń mechaniczny, od Metric).
 Dawniej spotykana była też jednostka ihp (z ang. indicated horse power) oznaczająca teoretyczną moc silnika parowego wynikającą z ciśnienia w cylindrach, nie uwzględniającą oporów ruchu samego silnika i dalszych przekładni.
 Przypisy
 Jednostki mocy


type: other

text:
Il Consiglio di Stato ribalta la decisione del Tar: il diploma magistrale ad indirizzo linguistico è abilitante ed equipollente a quello magistrale | Studio Sarnacchiaro Il Consiglio di Stato ribalta la decisione del Tar: il diploma magistrale ad indirizzo linguistico è abilitante ed equipollente a quello magistrale – Studio Sarnacchiaro
 Home / All Posts / News / Il Consiglio di Stato ribalta la decisione del...
 Posted 7 April 2017 | by Giovanna Sarnacchiaro | in News
 Il Consiglio di Stato in sede giurisdizionale sezione VI, in data 09.03.2017 all’esito della camera di consiglio, ha emesso sentenza breve n. 1482/2017 su un ricorso in appello con il quale era stata impugnata una sentenza di rigetto del Tar del Lazio.
 Gli appellanti in possesso di diploma magistrale sperimentale linguistico, conseguito entro l’anno scolastico 2001/2002, sul quale a suo tempo intervenne il D. I. 10 marzo 1997 stabilendo, all’art. 2, che: “I titoli di studio conseguiti al termine dei corsi..sperimentali di scuola magistrale...comunque conseguiti entro l’a.s. 2001/2002, conservano in via permanente l’attuale valore legale e consentono di partecipare... ai concorsi ordinari per titoli ed esami a posti di insegnante nella scuola materna e nella scuola elementare, secondo quanto previsto dagli artt. 399 e seguenti del... decreto legislativo n. 297 del 1994...”.
 Nella suindicata sentenza il Consiglio di Stato afferma l’applicabilità dell’art. 1, comma 110 della legge 107/2015, in virtù del quale: “... a decorrere dal concorso pubblico di cui al comma 114, per ciascuna classe di concorso o tipologia di posto possono accedere alle procedure concorsuali per titoli ed esami... esclusivamente i candidati in possesso del relativo titolo di abilitazione all’insegnamento ...”; orbene, ad avviso del Consiglio di Stato tale espressione non consente interpretazioni abrogative implicite di fonti normative, qual è appunto il citato D.I.
 Tags: abilitante, linguistico, sperimentale
 Con sentenza n. 138/2018 il tribunale di Grosseto, in funzione di giudice del lavoro, ha dichiarato: ” il diritto della ricorrente al...
 Posted 20 April 2018 / accoglimento, docenti, precari


text:
 15.12.2016
 PL
 Dziennik Urzędowy Unii Europejskiej
 L 341/70
 DECYZJA WSPÓLNEGO KOMITETU EOG
 NR 170/2015
 z dnia 11 czerwca 2015 r.
 zmieniająca załącznik XX (Środowisko) do Porozumienia EOG [2016/2205]
 WSPÓLNY KOMITET EOG,
 uwzględniając Porozumienie o Europejskim Obszarze Gospodarczym („Porozumienie EOG”), w szczególności jego art. 98,
 a także mając na uwadze, co następuje:
 (1)
 W Porozumieniu EOG należy uwzględnić decyzję wykonawczą Komisji 2013/727/UE z dnia 6 grudnia 2013 r. ustanawiającą format zawiadomienia o przyjęciu i istotnych zmianach planów gospodarki odpadami i programów zapobiegania powstawaniu odpadów (1).
 (2)
 Należy zatem odpowiednio zmienić załącznik XX do Porozumienia EOG,
 PRZYJMUJE NINIEJSZĄ DECYZJĘ:
 Artykuł 1
 Po pkt 32ffd (decyzja Komisji 2011/753/UE) załącznika XX do Porozumienia EOG dodaje się punkt w brzmieniu:
 „32ffe.
 32013 D 0727: decyzja wykonawcza Komisji 2013/727/UE z dnia 6 grudnia 2013 r. ustanawiająca format zawiadomienia o przyjęciu istotnych zmianach planów gospodarki odpadami i programów zapobiegania powstawaniu odpadów (Dz.U. L 329 z 10.12.2013, s. 44).”.
 Artykuł 2
 Teksty decyzji wykonawczej 2013/727/UE w języku islandzkim i norweskim, które zostaną opublikowane w Suplemencie EOG do Dziennika Urzędowego Unii Europejskiej, są autentyczne.
 Artykuł 3
 Niniejsza decyzja wchodzi w życie z dniem 12 czerwca 2015 r. pod warunkiem dokonania wszystkich notyfikacji przewidzianych w art. 103 ust. 1 Porozumienia EOG (*1).
 Artykuł 4
 Niniejsza decyzja zostaje opublikowana w sekcji EOG i w Suplemencie EOG do Dziennika Urzędowego Unii Europejskiej.
 Sporządzono w Brukseli dnia 11 czerwca 2015 r.
 W imieniu Wspólnego Komitetu EOG
 Gianluca GRIPPA
 Przewodniczący
 (1) Dz.U. L 329 z 10.12.2013, s. 44.
 (*1) Nie wskazano wymogów konstytucyjnych.


type: caselaw

text:
 13.8.2011
 ET
 Euroopa Liidu Teataja
 C 238/18
 13. mail 2011 esitatud hagi — FairWild Foundation versus Siseturu Ühtlustamise Amet — Wild (FAIRWILD)
 (Kohtuasi T-247/11)
 2011/C 238/33
 Hagiavalduse keel: saksa
 Pooled
 Hageja: FairWild Foundation (Weinfelden, Šveits) (esindajad: advokaadid P. Neuwald ja S. Müller)
 Kostja: Siseturu Ühtlustamise Amet (kaubamärgid ja tööstusdisainilahendused)
 Teine menetluspool apellatsioonikojas: Rudolf Wild GmbH & Co. KG (Eppelheim, Saksamaa)
 Nõuded
 Hageja palub Üldkohtul:
 —
 tühistada Siseturu Ühtlustamise Ameti (kaubamärgid ja tööstusdisainilahendused) esimese apellatsioonikoja 3. märtsi 2011. aasta otsus asjas R 1014/2010-1;
 —
 jätta rahuldamata kaubamärgi rahvusvahelise registreeringu nr 950 962„FAIRWILD” peale esitatud vastulause;
 —
 mõista kohtukulud ja hageja kantud kulud apellatsioonikoja menetluses välja ühtlustamisametilt ja vastulause esitajalt.
 Väited ja peamised argumendid
 Ühenduse kaubamärgi taotleja: hageja.
 Asjaomane ühenduse kaubamärk: sõnamärk „FAIRWILD” kaupadele klassides 3, 5, 29 ja 30 — rahvusvaheline registreering nr 950 962.
 Vastulause aluseks oleva kaubamärgi või tähise omanik: Rudolf Wild GmbH & Co. KG.
 Vastulause aluseks olev kaubamärk või tähis: ühenduse sõnamärk „WILD” kaupadele klassides 3, 9, 29, 30 ja 32.
 Vastulausete osakonna otsus: rahuldada vastulause osaliselt.
 Apellatsioonikoja otsus: tühistada osaliselt vastulausete osakonna otsus.
 Väited: nõukogu määruse nr 207/2009 artikli 8 lõike 1 punkti b rikkumine, kuna apellatsioonikoda eksis, kui ta asus seisukohale, et vastandatud kaubamärkide puhul esineb segiajamise tõenäosus. Hageja heidab apellatsioonikoja ette, et esiteks eksis apellatsioonikoda kui ta otsustas, et tähise „WILD” tähendus on mõistetav ainult saksa ja inglisekeelsete tarbijate jaoks, ja teiseks eksis apellatsioonikoda, kui ta järeldas, et see mõiste ei kirjelda vastulauses nimetatud kaupu. Seega rikkus apellatsioonikoda õigusnormi, kui ta leidis et vastulause esemeks olev kaubamärk on üldiselt eristusvõimeline ja tähised on keskmiselt sarnased, mistõttu segiajamise tõenäosuse tegurite vastastikkuse mõju peab tõendama hageja.


text:
 30.6.2011
 ET
 Euroopa Liidu Teataja
 L 171/47
 EMP ÜHISKOMITEE OTSUS
 nr 46/2011,
 1. aprill 2011,
 millega muudetakse Euroopa Majanduspiirkonna lepingu XXI lisa („Statistika”)
 EMP ÜHISKOMITEE,
 võttes arvesse Euroopa Majanduspiirkonna lepingut, mida on muudetud Euroopa Majanduspiirkonna lepingut kohandava protokolliga, edaspidi „leping”, eriti selle artiklit 98,
 ning arvestades järgmist:
 (1)
 Lepingu XXI lisa on muudetud EMP Ühiskomitee 1. oktoobri 2010. aasta otsusega nr 112/2010 (1).
 (2)
 Lepingusse tuleb inkorporeerida Euroopa Parlamendi ja nõukogu 24. novembri 2010. aasta määrus (EL) nr 1090/2010, millega muudetakse direktiivi 2009/42/EÜ kaupade ja reisijate merevedu käsitlevate statistiliste aruannete kohta (2).
 (3)
 Lepingusse tuleb inkorporeerida komisjoni 1. detsembri 2010. aasta määrus (EL) nr 1114/2010, millega sätestatakse nõukogu määruse (EÜ) nr 2494/95 üksikasjalikud rakenduseeskirjad tarbijahindade harmoneeritud indeksite (THHIde) kaalude kvaliteedi miinimumstandardite kohta ja tunnistatakse kehtetuks komisjoni määrus (EÜ) nr 2454/97 (3).
 (4)
 Määrusega (EL) nr 1114/2010 tunnistatakse kehtetuks komisjoni määrus (EÜ) nr 2454/97, (4) mis on lepingusse inkorporeeritud ja mis seetõttu tuleb lepingu alusel alates 1. jaanuarist 2012 kehtetuks tunnistada,
 ON TEINUD JÄRGMISE OTSUSE:
 Artikkel 1
 Lepingu XXI lisa muudetakse järgmiselt:
 1)
 Punkti 7b (Euroopa Parlamendi ja nõukogu direktiiv 2009/42/EÜ) lisatakse järgmine taane:
 „—
 32010 R 1090: Euroopa Parlamendi ja nõukogu määrus (EL) nr 1090/2010, 24. november 2010 (ELT L 325, 9.12.2010, lk 1)”.
 2)
 Punkti 19f (komisjoni määrus (EÜ) nr 2454/97) tekst asendatakse alates 1. jaanuarist 2012 järgmiselt:
 „32010 R 1114: komisjoni määrus (EL) nr 1114/2010, 1. detsember 2010, millega sätestatakse nõukogu määruse (EÜ) nr 2494/95 üksikasjalikud rakenduseeskirjad tarbijahindade harmoneeritud indeksite (THHIde) kaalude kvaliteedi miinimumstandardite kohta ja tunnistatakse kehtetuks komisjoni määrus (EÜ) nr 2454/97 (ELT L 316, 2.12.2010, lk 4).”
 Artikkel 2
 Määruste (EL) nr 1090/2010 ja (EL) nr 1114/2007 islandi- ja norrakeelne tekst, mis avaldatakse Euroopa Liidu Teataja EMP kaasandes, on autentsed.
 Artikkel 3
 Käesolev otsus jõustub 2. aprillil 2011 tingimusel, et EMP Ühiskomiteele on edastatud kõik lepingu artikli 103 lõike 1 kohased teated (5).
 Artikkel 4
 Käesolev otsus avaldatakse Euroopa Liidu Teataja EMP osas ja selle EMP kaasandes.
 Brüssel, 1. aprill 2011
 EMP Ühiskomitee nimel
 eesistuja kohusetäitja
 Gianluca GRIPPA
 (1) ELT L 332, 16.12.2010, lk 62.
 (2) ELT L 325, 9.12.2010, lk 1.
 (3) ELT L 316, 2.12.2010, lk 4.
 (4) EÜT L 340, 11.12.1997, lk 24.
 (5) Põhiseadusest tulenevaid nõudeid ei ole nimetatud.


text:
 21.7.2012
 MT
 Il-Ġurnal Uffiċjali tal-Unjoni Ewropea
 C 217/31
 Digriet tat-Tribunal għas-Servizz Pubbliku (L-Ewwel Awla) tal-24 ta’ Mejju 2012 — Alionescu vs Il-Kummissjoni
 (Kawża F-91/11)
 (Servizz pubbliku - Reklutaġġ - Kompetizzjoni ġenerali - Deċiżjoni ta’ estensjoni tat-terminu ta’ reġistrazzjoni - Nuqqas ta’ lment - Inammissibbiltà manifesta)
 2012/C 217/66
 Lingwa tal-kawża: l-Ingliż
 Partijiet
 Rikorrent: Ciprian-Calin Alionescu (Etterbeek, il-Belġju) (rappreżentant: M. Stănculescu, avukat)
 Konvenuta: Il-Kummissjoni Ewropea
 Suġġett
 Talba għall-annullament tad-deċiżjoni tal-EPSO li testendi b’sitt sigħat it-terminu għall-preżentazzjoni tal-applikazzjonijiet fil-kuntest tal-kompetizzjoni ġenerali EPSO/AD/206-207/11.
 Dispożittiv
 (1)
 Ir-rikors huwa miċħud bħala manifestament inammissibbli.
 (2)
 C.-C. Alionescu għandu jbati l-ispejjeż tiegħu stess.


text:
Kutno ubrzanje ili kutna akceleracija (oznaka α) je vektorska fizikalna veličina koja opisuje brzinu promjene kutne brzine pri ubrzanom kruženju pod djelovanjem momenta sila oko centra vrtnje. Iznos kutnog ubrzanja je derivacija kutne brzine ω po vremenu t,
 odnosno druga derivacija kuta φ kojim se opisuje položaj čestice pri vrtnji,
 .
 U Međunarodnom sustavu (SI) mjerna jedinica za kutno ubrzanje je radijan u sekundi na kvadrat (rad/s2).
 Slično kao kod gibanja po pravcu, gdje sila uzrokuje ubrzanje (), uzrok promjene kutne brzine je moment sila, M. Tako je
 ,
 gdje je vektor momenta jednak
 .
 Kod gibanja oko osi, vektor kutnog ubrzanja je usmjeren po osi. Ako je u istom smjeru kao trenutna kutna brzina, vrtnja tijela se ubrzava; ako su suprotne orijentacije, ona se usporava.
 Izvori
 Kinematička svojstva
 Rotacija


text:
Asteroizii, numiți și mici planete sau planetoizi, sunt corpuri cerești mai mici decât planetele, dar mai mari decât meteoroizii (care pot avea diametrul de până la circa 10 metri), și nu sunt comete. Deosebirea dintre asteroizi și comete se face în prima fază (în momentul în care este descoperit corpul respectiv), după aspectul său vizual: cometele trebuie să aibă o „coamă” perceptibilă (o „atmosferă” densă), în timp ce asteroizii nu au așa ceva. Ulterior, stabilirea formei orbitei determină clasificarea obiectului într-o anumită categorie. Majoritatea cometelor au orbite foarte excentrice, multe din ele evoluând pe orbite parabolice.
 Asteroizii variază foarte mult ca mărime, de la câteva sute de kilometri în diametru până la roci de numai câteva zeci de metri. Câțiva dintre cei mai mari au formă sferică și se aseamănă cu planete în miniatură. Totuși, în vasta lor majoritate, asteroizii sunt mult mai mici și au o formă neregulată. Compoziția fizică a asteroizilor este diversă, și în multe cazuri e prea puțin înțeleasă. Astfel, unii asteroizi sunt corpuri solide de rocă cu un conținut metalic mai mic sau mai mare, în timp ce alții constau într-un conglomerat de roci, format datorită forței gravitației. Asteroidul Vesta este chiar vizibil cu ochiul liber, dar numai din locuri neluminate, în anumite nopți cu cer foarte senin.
 Istoricul descoperirii asteroizilor
 Numită prima planetă mică, Ceres a fost descoperită în anul 1801 de către Giuseppe Piazzi, inițial fiind considerată o nouă planetă. A urmat apoi descoperirea altor corpuri cerești similare care, cu echipamentul astronomic de pe vremea aceea, apăreau pe cer doar ca niște puncte luminoase, asemănătoare stelelor, cu un disc planetar foarte mic sau chiar inexistent (totuși, s-au putut deosebi de stele datorită mișcării lor). Acest lucru l-a făcut pe astronomul Sir William Herschel să propună termenul de „asteroid”, din limba greacă αστεροειδής, asteroeidēs, bazat pe cuvântul din greaca antică αστήρ, astēr = stea.
 La 28 martie 1802. H. W. M. Olbers a descoperit, nu departe de Ceres, o a doua planetă mică, pe care a numit-o Pallas (după zeița înțelepciunii din mitologia greacă), cu semiaxa de 2,77 u.a.
 La 1 septembrie 1804, Karl Harding a descoperit cea de-a treia planetă mică și a denumit-o Juno, iar la 29 martie 1807, Olbers a descoperit și pe cea de-a patra - Vesta. Și aceste planete se mișcau în jurul Soarelui, la distanțe apropiate de 2,8 u.a. Olbers a tras concluzia că aceste mici planete ar avea o origine comună: ar fi provenit din dezagregarea unei planete mari, care înconjura Soarele tot la distanța de 2,8 u.a. Această ipoteză a condus la ideea că numărul planetelor mici (asteroizi) trebuie să fie mai mare.
 La 8 decembrie 1845, Karl Ludwig Hencke a descoperit cel de-al cincilea asteroid - Astraea, cu semiaxa mare de 2,58 u.a. La 1 iulie 1847, Hencke a descoperit încă un asteroid - Hebe. Următorul asteroid a fost descoperit de englezul J. R. Hind - Iris; acesta și-a continuat observațiile și în următorii șapte ani a mai descoperit șapte asteroizi. În aceeași perioadă, astronomul italian A. de Gasparis a descoperit alți opt asteroizi. La sfârșitul anului 1891 se cunoșteau deja 302 asteroizi. Începând cu 1891, ritmul descoperirilor a crescut foarte mult, astfel încât la sfârșitul anului 1952 erau înregistrați 1585 de asteroizi.
 Anul 1891 este important pentru că atunci a început să fie folosită, pentru descoperirea asteroizilor, metoda fotografică a lui M. Wolf, directorul Observatorului astronomic din Heidelberg.
 Recordul descoperirilor îl deține anul 1931, când s-au descoperit 398 de asteroizi noi.
 Marea majoritate a asteroizilor cunoscuți se găsește în principala centură de asteroizi, între orbitele planetelor Marte și Jupiter, unde s-a estimat existența a peste 750.000 asteroizi mai mari de 1 km, precum și a milioane de asteroizi mai mici. Unii au luni ce orbitează în jurul lor, sau se găsesc în perechi co-orbitare cunoscute și ca sisteme binare. Recent s-a descoperit că planetele pitice întâlnesc orbitele planetelor, de la Mercur la Neptun - cu sute de obiecte transneptuniene (Trans Neptunian Objects, TNOs).
 Terminologie
 Termenul de "asteroid" se folosește pentru a caracteriza un grup de corpuri cerești ce orbitează în jurul Soarelui. Este termenul cel mai cunoscut pentru planetele mici, preferat în trecut de Uniunea Astronomică Internatională (UAI). Alteori se preferă termenul de "planetoid" (lb. greacă pentru "planet-like" - asemănător planetelor).
 După cum ne-am obișnuit, corpurile mici ce orbitează în jurul Soarelui au fost clasificate ca asteroizi, comete sau meteoroizi, orice corp mai mic decât circa 10 metri lungime numindu-se meteoroid. Principala deosebire observațională prin telescop dintre un asteroid și o cometă este nebulozitatea acesteia din urmă, coama cometei formată din particule de gheață sublimate din cauza radiației solare. Câteva corpuri au ajuns să fie numite de două ori, din cauza că inițial au fost clasificate drept asteroizi, dar mai târziu descoperindu-se activități cometare. Unele comete, eventual chiar toate, rămân într-un final fără "coamă" și apar pe cerul nocturn ca puncte luminoase asemănătoare asteroizilor. O deosebire descoperită ulterior este că orbitele cometelor sunt mai excentrice decât cele ale asteroizilor (unele corpuri clasificate ca asteroizi au de asemeni orbite remarcabil de excentrice, însă periodice).
 În ultimii ani, descoperirea obiectelor transneptuniene a complicat situația. Aceste obiecte populează limitele exterioare ale Sistemului Solar, unde gheața rămâne solidă și corpurile asemănătoare cometelor nu prezintă prea multă activitate cometară. Cele mai ascunse dintre acestea sunt obiectele centurii Kuiper (KBOs), numite parțial "obiecte", pentru a evita numirile de asteroizi sau comete. Compoziția KBOs se crede a fi asemănătoare cometelor, deși unele pot fi înrudite cu asteroizii. În plus, nu au acea orbită excentrică asociată de obicei cu cometele, și sunt mult mai mari decât obișnuitele nuclee ale cometelor.
 O altă observație recentă, bazată pe analiza prafului cometar colectat de sonda Stardust, arată faptul că diferențele dintre comete și asteroizi sunt tot mai neclare.
 La sfârșitul lunii august 2006, Uniunea Astronomică Internațională (UAI) a introdus termenul "small solar system bodies" (SSSB) = corpuri mici ale sistemului solar, pentru a putea include majoritatea obiectelor clasificate anterior ca mici planete și comete. În același timp a fost introdusă clasa planetelor pitice, pentru asteroizii mai mari - acelea care au masa suficientă pentru a-și crea formă sferică sub propria gravitație. Potrivit UAI, termenul de "planetă mică" se mai poate folosi, dar se va prefera "small solar system body" (SSSB). Momentan doar Ceres, cel mai mare obiect din centura de asteroizi, de aproximativ 950 km diametru, este clasat în categoria planetelor pitice, deși există câțiva asteroizi cu o formă aproape sferică (Vesta, Pallas și Hygiea), care în viitor ar putea fi reclasificați drept planete pitice. Planetele pitice devin astfel o categorie nouă de obiecte cerești, aflate undeva între planete și asteroizi, din punctul de vedere al mărimii.
 Distribuția în Sistemul Solar
 Sute de mii de asteroizi au fost descoperiți în Sistemul Solar, cu o rată de descoperire curentă în jur de 5,000 per lună. Din peste 400.000 asteroizi înregistrați, 187,745 au orbite bine cunoscute îndeajuns să le definească cu numere oficiale. Dintre acestea, 14.525 au nume oficiale. Planeta minoră cu numărul cel mai mic e (găsesc un număr total de asteroizi de peste 1 km în diametru din sistemul nostru solar, a fi între 1,1 și 1,9 milioane) Ceres, cu diametrul de 975 x 909 km, era cândva considerat cel mai mare asteroid din cercul sistemului solar, dar mai târziu a fost recunoscut ca planetă pitică. Acum diferențele se discută pentru Pallas și Vesta: amândouă au diametre de aproximativ 500 km. În mod normal, Vesta este singurul asteroid din centura de asteroizi care, ocazional, este vizibil cu ochiul liber. În orice caz, cu ocazii foarte rare, un asteroid din apropierea pământului va avea o scurtă vizibilitate fără ajutor tehnologic: 99942 Apophis.
 Masa totală a tuturor corpurilor din Principala Centură de asteroizi, dintre orbitele planetelor Marte și Jupiter, este estimată a fi în jur de 3.0-3.6 x 1021 kg, sau în jur de 4% din masa Lunii. Din aceasta, Ceres are o masa de 0.95x1021 kg, 32% din total. Adăugând în continuare trei dintre cei mai masivi asteroizi, Vesta (9%), Pallas (7%), și Hygiea (3%), se ajunge până la 51%, în timp ce următorii trei, Davida (1,2%), Interamnia (1.0%) și Juno (0.9%), adaugă numai 3% din masa totală. Apoi numărul asteroizilor crește rapid, cu cât masa lor scade.
 Diverse varietăți de asteroizi au fost descoperite în afara centurii de asteroizi. Asteroizii din apropierea Pământului au orbitele în vecinătatea orbitei Pământului. Asteroizii troieni sunt blocați gravitațional prin sincronizarea cu o planetă, luându-i urma orbitei. Majoritatea Troienilor se asociază cu Jupiter, dar au fost descoperiți câțiva, care orbitează cu Marte sau Neptun.
 Caracteristici
 Cei mai mari asteroizi
 Deși amplasarea lor în centura de asteroizi le exclude de la statutul de planetă, cele mai mari patru obiecte, Ceres, Vesta, Pallas, și Hygiea, sunt rămășițele protoplanetelor care au multe caracteristici comune cu planetele.
 Clasificare
 Clasificarea generală a asteroizilor se bazează pe caracteristicile lor orbitale și descrierea spectrului luminii solare vizibile, care se reflectă la suprafața lor.
 Observarea cu ochiul liber a asteroizilor
 Deși s-a reușit identificarea a zeci de mii de asteroizi, ei rămân aproape imposibil de remarcat cu ochiul liber, fiind mult prea puțin luminoși. Asteroidul 4 Vesta este o excepție, el fiind singurul observabil fără aparate optice (dar numai din când în când), deși luminozitatea sa nu este prea mare.
 Un asteroid arată pe cerul nocturn la fel ca și o stea mai puțin strălucitoare. Cel mai bun mijloc de a găsi asteroizi cu binoclul sau cu telescopul este observarea cerului înstelat mai multe nopți la rând și detectarea punctelor luminoase care se deplasează în raport cu fundalul fix. Unele cataloage repertoriază poziția asteroizilor; în aceste cazuri ei sunt mai ușor de localizat.
 Descoperirea primilor asteroizi
 Astronomii au neglijat mult timp studiul asteroizilor. Omenirea îi cunoaște de mai bine de 200 de ani, dar ei erau considerați drept produse neimportante din sistemul solar. Astăzi se știe că asteroizii sunt o cheie importantă pentru înțelegerea formării sistemului solar, și de aceea astronomii se interesează mult despre ei.
 Primul asteroid a fost descoperit din pură întâmplare de către Giuseppe Piazzi, director, la epoca respectivă, al Observatorului astronomic din Palermo, în Sicilia. În ajunul acelui an nou 1801, acesta observa constelația Taurului, când detectă un obiect neidentificat deplasându-se foarte lent pe fondul cerului. Îi urmări deplasarea timp de câteva nopți. Colegul sau Carl Friedrich Gauss utiliză aceste observații pentru a determina distanța exactă a lor până la Pământ. Calculele sale au poziționat noul astru între planetele Marte și Jupiter. Piazzi le numi Ceres, după numele zeității grecești care face să iasă seva din pământ și să crească primele fire ale primăverii.
 Traiectoriile de ciocnire
 Deși majoritatea asteroizilor nu sunt un pericol pentru Pământ, circa 2 000 de asteroizi mari (de 1 km sau mai mult) se apropie sau intersectează orbita terestră. Sunt numiți oficial NEA: Near-Earth Asteroids (asteroizi - ce vor trece - aproape de Pământ).
 AL30: Conform unui comunicat recent al NASA, la 10 ianuarie 2010 a fost descoperit micul asteroid "2010 AL30", cu numai 3 zile înainte ca acesta să treacă pe lângă Pământ la o distanță deosebit de mică, de numai 130.000 km (= aproximativ 11 diametre ale Pământului, sau 1/3 din distanța Pământ-Lună). NASA a afirmat că e exclus să fie vorba despre un obiect creat de om, cum ar fi de ex. un rest de rachetă sau satelit artificial. Diametrul lui AL30 este conform măsurătorilor de 10 ... 15 m, iar viteza sa relativă la Pământ de circa 36.000 km/h. AL30 înconjoară Soarele în timp de circa 1 an pământean. Se mai apreciază că în total există cam 2 milioane de asteroizi de acest ordin de mărime, iar astfel de „apropieri” spațiale periculoase ar trebui să aibă loc chiar săptămânal.
 Pericolul pentru omenire pe care îl reprezintă asteroizii mai mici de 25 m este foarte mic: în cazul unei intersecții cu traiectoria Pământului aceștia ard complet sau aproape complet încă înainte de impact, prin frecarea cu aerul din atmosfera noastră.
 Pentru asteroizii mari un impact cu Pământul ar putea dezvolta forțe încă de zeci de mii de ori mai mari decât bomba atomică de la Hiroshima: ravagiile ar putea consta în nimicirea totală a unor mari orașe, pustiirea și moartea tuturor vietăților unor țări și continente întregi. Probabilitatea unui astfel de incident este din păcate reală: s-ar putea întâmpla la fiecare câteva sute de ani. De aceea, ceea ce ar trebui întreprins încă de azi, pe scară mondială cu ajutorul organizației ONU, este:
 Investiții în telescoape și inspectarea intensă, permanentă a spațiului extraterestru pentru descoperirea acestor asteroizi „la timp”, cu cel puțin 10 ani înainte de impactul calculat.
 În cazul unui pericol real de impact, asteroidul ar trebui deviat de la traiectoria sa inițială cu ajutorul unei rachete spațiale, construită și testată din timp, care să-i vină în întâmpinare și să-l ciocnească. Pentru o asemenea rachetă n-ar fi nevoie de o forță, viteză sau masă mare .
 Măsuri de prevenire a coliziunilor
 La data de 24 noiembrie 2021 NASA a trimis în spațiu sonda DART (Double Asteroid Redirection Test) care va încerca experimental, pentru prima dată în istorie, schimbarea traiectoriei unui asteroid. Sonda DART a ajuns în septembrie 2022 la destinație.
 Referințe
 Bibliografie
 Martin Rees, Universul, ghid vizual complet, coordonator [...], Traducere din limba engleză de Ana-Maria Negrilă-Chisega, Liana Stan, Enciclopedia RAO 2008, București, 512 de pagini. ISBN 978-973-717-319-5
 Legături externe
 International Astronomical Union's Minor Planet Center Massachusetts
 Armaghedon - asteroidul apocaliptic, 17 octombrie 2009, Madalina Dragoi, Descoperă
 Care sunt șansele să mori lovit de un meteorit? Cât de des ne vizitează asteroizii?, 18 februarie 2013, Descoperă -
 Multimedia
 Imagini terifiante ale asteroizilor care ameninta Terra (FOTO/VIDEO), 30 august 2010, Descoperă
 Cel mai spectaculos impact dintre un asteroid si Terra (video), 30 septembrie 2009, Descoperă
 Vezi și


text:
 19.5.2016
 HR
 Službeni list Europske unije
 L 129/48
 ODLUKA ZAJEDNIČKOG ODBORA EGP-a
 br. 64/2015
 od 20. ožujka 2015.
 o izmjeni Priloga XIII. (Promet) Sporazumu o EGP-u [2016/747]
 ZAJEDNIČKI ODBOR EGP-a,
 uzimajući u obzir Sporazum o Europskom gospodarskom prostoru („Sporazum o EGP-u”), a posebno njegov članak 98.,
 budući da:
 (1)
 Provedbena odluka Komisije C(2014) 3870 od 17. lipnja 2014. o izmjeni Odluke Komisije C(2010) 774 u pogledu pojašnjenja, usklađivanja i pojednostavnjenja upotrebe otkrivanja tragova eksploziva treba se uključiti u Sporazum o EGP-u.
 (2)
 Prilog XIII. Sporazumu o EGP-u trebalo bi stoga na odgovarajući način izmijeniti,
 DONIO JE OVU ODLUKU:
 Članak 1.
 U točki 66.hf (Odluka Komisije C(2010) 774 završna verzija) Priloga XIII. Sporazumu o EGP-u dodaje se sljedeća alineja:
 „—
 32014 D 3870: Provedbenom odlukom Komisije C(2014) 3870 od 17. lipnja 2014. o izmjeni Odluke Komisije C(2010) 774 u pogledu pojašnjenja, usklađivanja i pojednostavnjenja upotrebe otkrivanja tragova eksploziva.”
 Članak 2.
 Ova Odluka stupa na snagu 21. ožujka 2015. pod uvjetom da su sva priopćenja iz članka 103. stavka 1. Sporazuma o EGP-u poslana (*).
 Članak 3.
 Ova se Odluka objavljuje u odjeljku o EGP-u Službenog lista Europske unije i u Dodatku o EGP-u Službenom listu Europske unije.
 Sastavljeno u Bruxellesu 20. ožujka 2015.
 Za Zajednički odbor EGP-a
 Predsjednik
 Gianluca GRIPPA
 (*) Ustavni zahtjevi nisu navedeni.


text:
 Avis juridique important
 |
 11972B/PRO/05
 DOCUMENTEN BETREFFENDE DE TOETREDING TOT DE EUROPESE GEMEENSCHAPPEN VAN HET KONINKRIJK DENEMARKEN, IERLAND, HET KONINKRIJK NOORWEGEN EN HET VERENIGD KONINKRIJK VAN GROOT-BRITTANNIE EN NOORD-IERLAND, PROTOCOL NR. 5 BETREFFENDE SVALBARD ( SPITSBERGEN ) ( * )
 Publicatieblad Nr. L 073 van 27/03/1972 blz. 0165
 ++++ARTIKEL 1 HET KONINKRIJK NOORWEGEN HEEFT HET RECHT OM HET VERDRAG INZAKE DE TOETREDING TOT DE EUROPESE ECONOMISCHE GEMEENSCHAP EN DE EUROPESE GEMEENSCHAP VOOR ATOOMENERGIE TE BEKRACHTIGEN EN ZIJN AKTE VAN TOETREDING TOT DE EUROPESE GEMEENSCHAP VOOR KOLEN EN STAAL TE DEPONEREN VOOR HET GRONDGEBIED VAN HET KONINKRIJK , MET UITSLUITING VAN SVALBARD . ARTIKEL 2 INDIEN NOORWEGEN VAN DIT RECHT GEBRUIK MAAKT , GELDEN DE VOLGENDE BEPALINGEN : A ) ER WORDT GEEN ENKELE WIJZIGING VAN DE DOUANEREGELING VOOR DE INVOER IN NOORWEGEN VAN GOEDEREN VAN OORSPRONG EN VAN HERKOMST UIT SVALBARD GEEIST ; B ) DE HUIDIGE UITVOER UIT SVALBARD BESTAAT UITSLUITEND UIT STEENKOOL EN SCHEPT GEEN ENKEL CONCREET PROBLEEM . INDIEN DEZE SITUATIE WIJZIGING MOCHT ONDERGAAN , MET NAME INGEVOLGE BESLISSINGEN DIE IN HET KADER VAN DE VORMEN VAN GEMEENSCHAPPELIJK BELEID ZOUDEN WORDEN GENOMEN , BESTUDEREN DE INSTELLINGEN VAN DE GEMEENSCHAP HET VRAAGSTUK OPNIEUW , TEN EINDE REKENING TE HOUDEN MET DE GEVOLGEN DIE EEN DERGELIJKE WIJZIGING ZOU KUNNEN HEBBEN VOOR DE REGELING BETREFFENDE DE INVOER UIT SVALBARD ; C ) DE GOEDEREN DIE KRACHTENS DE SUB A ) BEDOELDE REGELING IN NOORWEGEN WORDEN INGEVOERD , KUNNEN NIET WORDEN BESCHOUWD ALS ZICH BEVINDENDE IN HET VRIJE VERKEER IN DEZE STAAT , IN DE ZIN VAN ARTIKEL 10 VAN HET E.E.G.-VERDRAG , INDIEN ZIJ OPNIEUW NAAR EEN ANDERE LID-STAAT WORDEN UITGEVOERD .


text:
 EUROPSKA KOMISIJA
 Bruxelles, 5.2.2020.
 COM(2020) 42 final
 2020/0020(NLE)
 Prijedlog
 ODLUKE VIJEĆA
 o stajalištu koje treba zauzeti u ime Europske unije u relevantnim odborima Gospodarske komisije Ujedinjenih naroda za Europu o prijedlozima izmjena pravilnika UN-a br. 10, 26, 28, 46, 48, 51, 55, 58, 59, 62, 79, 90, 106, 107, 110, 117, 121, 122, 128, 144, 148, 149, 150, 151 i 152, o prijedlozima izmjena globalnih tehničkih pravilnika br. 3, 6 i 16, o prijedlogu izmjena Konsolidirane rezolucije R.E.5 i o prijedlogu ovlaštenja za izradu izmjena Globalnog tehničkog pravilnika br. 6 i izradu novog globalnog tehničkog pravilnika o određivanju snage elektrificiranog vozila (DEVP)
 OBRAZLOŽENJE
 1.PREDMET PRIJEDLOGA
 Ovo je prijedlog odluke o utvrđivanju stajališta koje treba zauzeti u ime Unije u Svjetskom forumu za usklađivanje pravilnika o vozilima Gospodarske komisije Ujedinjenih naroda za Europu (Radna skupina 29 ili WP.29) – koji je jedna od stalnih radnih skupina u institucionalnom okviru Ujedinjenih naroda – u vezi s planiranim donošenjem izmjena postojećih pravilnika UN-a (na temelju Revidiranog sporazuma iz 1958.) i globalnih tehničkih pravilnika UN-a (globalni tehnički pravilnici UN-a na temelju Usporednog sporazuma) i jedne rezolucije na temelju Revidiranog sporazuma iz 1958.
 2.KONTEKST PRIJEDLOGA
 2.1.Sporazum iz 1958. i Sporazum iz 1998.
 Cilj je Sporazuma Gospodarske komisije Ujedinjenih naroda za Europu („UNECE”) o prihvaćanju jednakih tehničkih propisa za vozila na kotačima, opremu i dijelove koji mogu biti ugrađeni i/ili upotrijebljeni u vozilima na kotačima i uvjetima za uzajamno priznavanje homologacija dodijeljenih na temelju tih propisa („Revidirani sporazum iz 1958.”) i Sporazuma o utvrđivanju globalnih tehničkih propisa za vozila na kotačima, opremu i dijelove koji mogu biti ugrađeni i/ili upotrijebljeni u vozilima na kotačima („Usporedni sporazum”) izraditi usklađene zahtjeve s ciljem uklanjanja tehničkih prepreka trgovini motornim vozilima među ugovornim strankama UNECE-a i osigurati da takva vozila pružaju visoku razinu sigurnosti i zaštite okoliša. Sporazumi su za EU stupili na snagu 24. ožujka 1998. odnosno 15. veljače 2000. Njihovom primjenom upravlja UNECE-ov Svjetski forum za usklađivanje pravilnika o vozilima (Radna skupina 29 ili WP.29).
 Europska unija stranka je tih sporazuma
 1
 .
 2.2. Svjetski forum za usklađivanje pravilnika o vozilima Gospodarske komisije Ujedinjenih naroda za Europu (UNECE) – Radna skupina 29 ili WP.29
 WP.29 je jedinstven okvir za rad na globalno usklađenim pravilnicima o vozilima. To je stalna radna skupina u institucionalnom okviru Ujedinjenih naroda s posebnim mandatom i poslovnikom. Funkcionira kao globalni forum za otvorene rasprave o pravilnicima o motornim vozilima i o provedbi Revidiranog sporazuma iz 1958. i Usporednog sporazuma. Svaka zemlja članica Ujedinjenih naroda i svaka regionalna organizacija za gospodarsku integraciju koju su osnovale članice Ujedinjenih naroda može u potpunosti sudjelovati u aktivnostima WP.29 te može postati ugovorna stranka sporazumâ o vozilima čijom primjenom upravlja WP.29.
 Sastanci WP.29 UNECE-a održavaju se tri puta godišnje, u ožujku, lipnju i studenome. Na svakom se zasjedanju donose novi pravilnici UN-a, novi globalni tehnički pravilnici UN-a, izmjene postojećih pravilnika UN-a i rezolucija na temelju Revidiranog sporazuma iz 1958. i izmjene globalnih tehničkih pravilnika UN-a na temelju Usporednog sporazuma kako bi se u obzir uzeo tehnički napredak. Prije svakog sastanka WP.29 o tim se izmjenama prvo raspravlja na tehničkoj razini u specijaliziranim pomoćnim tijelima WP.29.
 Potom se održava glasanje na razini WP.29 (tj. kvalificiranom većinom ugovornih stranaka koje su prisutne i glasaju za prijedloge na temelju Revidiranog sporazuma iz 1958. te konsenzusom ugovornih stranaka koje su prisutne i glasaju za prijedloge na temelju Usporednog sporazuma).
 Stajalište koje u ime Unije treba zauzeti o novim pravilnicima i globalnim tehničkim pravilnicima i o njihovim izmjenama, dopunama i ispravcima utvrđuje se prije svakog sastanka WP.29 odlukom Vijeća na temelju članka 218. stavka 9. UFEU-a.
 2.3. Predviđeni akt WP.29
 Na svojem 180. zasjedanju, koje će se održati od 10. do 12. ožujka 2020., WP.29 može donijeti prijedloge izmjena pravilnika UN-a br. 10, 26, 28, 46, 48, 51, 55, 58, 59, 62, 79, 90, 106, 107, 110, 117, 121, 122, 128, 144, 148, 149, 150, 151 i 152, prijedloge izmjena globalnih tehničkih pravilnika br. 3, 6 i 16, prijedlog izmjena Konsolidirane rezolucije R.E.5 i prijedloge ovlaštenja za izradu izmjena Globalnog tehničkog pravilnika br. 6 i izradu novog globalnog tehničkog pravilnika o određivanju snage elektrificiranog vozila (DEVP).
 .
 3. STAJALIŠTE KOJE TREBA ZAUZETI U IME UNIJE
 Sustavom WP.29 poboljšava se međunarodno usklađivanje normi za vozila. Sporazum iz 1958. ima ključnu ulogu u postizanju tog cilja jer proizvođači iz EU-a mogu poslovati na temelju zajedničkog skupa homologacijskih pravilnika i pritom biti sigurni da će ugovorne stranke priznati da su proizvodi u skladu s njihovim nacionalnim zakonodavstvom. Time je, na primjer, omogućeno da se Uredbom (EZ) br. 661/2009 o općoj sigurnosti motornih vozila stavi izvan snage više od 50 direktiva EU-a i da ih se zamijeni odgovarajućim pravilnicima sastavljenima na temelju Sporazuma iz 1958.
 Sličan je pristup primijenjen u slučaju Direktive 2007/46/EZ, kojom su sustavi homologacije država članica zamijenjeni homologacijskim postupkom Unije i kojom je uspostavljen usklađeni okvir s administrativnim odredbama i općim tehničkim zahtjevima za sva nova vozila, sustave, sastavne dijelove i zasebne tehničke jedinice. Tom su direktivom pravilnici UN-a uključeni u homologacijski sustav EU-a kao zahtjevi za homologaciju tipa ili kao alternativa zakonodavstvu Unije. Od donošenja te direktive pravilnici UN-a sve se više uključuju u zakonodavstvo Unije u okviru EU homologacije tipa.
 Šest mjeseci nakon što WP.29 donese prijedloge izmjena pravilnika UN-a ili nove pravilnike UN-a i izvršni tajnik UNECE-a obavijesti ugovorne stranke o tim aktima, oni mogu konačno stupiti na snagu i mogu se prenijeti u primjenjive nacionalne pravilnike svake ugovorne stranke ako ne bude prigovora ugovornih stranaka koje čine blokirajuću manjinu. Prijenos u EU-u dovršen je nakon objave tih akata u Službenom listu EU-a.
 Stoga je potrebno definirati stajalište Unije:
 –o prijedlozima izmjena pravilnika UN-a br. 10, 26, 28, 46, 48, 51, 55, 58, 59, 62, 79, 90, 106, 107, 110, 117, 121, 122, 128, 144, 148, 149, 150, 151 i 152;
 –o prijedlozima izmjena globalnih tehničkih pravilnika UN-a br. 3, 6 i 16;
 –o prijedlogu izmjena Konsolidirane rezolucije R.E.5;
 –o prijedlozima ovlaštenja za izradu izmjene Globalnog tehničkog pravilnika br. 6 i izradu novog globalnog tehničkog pravilnika o određivanju snage elektrificiranog vozila (DEVP);
 koji će biti izneseni na glasanje na sastanku WP.29 koji će se održati od 10. do 12. ožujka 2020.
 Unija bi trebala podržati navedene akte jer su u potpunosti u skladu s politikom Unije o unutarnjem tržištu u pogledu automobilske industrije te su u skladu s prometnim, klimatskim i energetskim politikama Unije. Ti akti imaju vrlo pozitivan učinak na konkurentnost automobilskog sektora EU-a i međunarodnu trgovinu. Glasanjem za te akte potaknut će se tehnološki napredak, omogućiti prednosti ekonomije razmjera, spriječiti fragmentacija unutarnjeg tržišta i osigurati jednaki okolišni i sigurnosni standardi u cijeloj Uniji.
 Obraćanje vanjskim stručnjacima nije relevantno za ovaj prijedlog. Međutim, pregledat će ga Tehnički odbor za motorna vozila.
 4.PRAVNA OSNOVA
 4.1.
 Postupovna pravna osnova
 4.1.1.
 Načela
 Člankom 218. stavkom 9. Ugovora o funkcioniranju Europske unije (UFEU) predviđeno je donošenje odluka kojima se utvrđuju „stajališta koja u ime Unije treba donijeti tijelo osnovano na temelju sporazuma kada je to tijelo pozvano donositi akte koji proizvode pravne učinke, uz iznimku akata kojima se dopunjuje ili mijenja institucionalni okvir sporazuma”.
 Pojmom „akti koji proizvode pravne učinke” obuhvaćeni su akti koji proizvode pravne učinke na temelju pravila međunarodnog prava kojima se uređuje predmetno tijelo. Njime su obuhvaćeni i instrumenti koji nemaju obvezujući učinak na temelju međunarodnog prava, ali „mogu presudno utjecati na sadržaj propisa koje donese zakonodavac Unije”
 2
 .
 4.1.2.
 Primjena u predmetnom slučaju
 WP.29 je tijelo u kojem ugovorne stranke UNECE-a raspravljaju o provedbi Revidiranog sporazuma iz 1958. i Usporednog sporazuma.
 Akti koje je WP.29 pozvan donositi akti su koji proizvode pravne učinke.
 Pravilnici UN-a iz predviđenog akta bit će obvezujući za Uniju i mogu bitno utjecati na sadržaj zakonodavstva EU-a u području homologacije vozila. Direktivom 2007/46/EZ Europskog parlamenta i Vijeća
 3
 homologacijski sustavi država članica zamijenjeni su homologacijskim postupkom Unije te je uspostavljen usklađeni okvir s administrativnim odredbama i općim tehničkim zahtjevima za sva nova vozila, sustave, sastavne dijelove i zasebne tehničke jedinice. Tom su direktivom pravilnici doneseni na temelju Revidiranog sporazuma iz 1958. („pravilnici UN-a”) uključeni u sustav EU homologacije tipa kao zahtjevi za homologaciju tipa ili kao alternativa zakonodavstvu Unije. Od donošenja Direktive 2007/46/EZ pravilnici UN-a sve se više uključuju u zakonodavstvo Unije.
 Predviđenim aktima ne dopunjuje se i ne mijenja institucijski okvir Sporazuma.
 Stoga je postupovna pravna osnova za predloženu odluku članak 218. stavak 9. UFEU-a.
 4.2.
 Materijalna pravna osnova
 4.2.1.
 Načela
 Materijalna pravna osnova odluke na temelju članka 218. stavka 9. UFEU-a prije svega ovisi o cilju i sadržaju predviđenog akta o kojem se zauzima stajalište u ime Unije. Ako predviđeni akt ima dva cilja ili dva elementa te ako se može utvrditi da je jedan od tih dvaju ciljeva ili elemenata glavni, a drugi samo sporedan, odluka na temelju članka 218. stavka 9. UFEU-a mora se temeljiti na samo jednoj materijalnoj pravnoj osnovi, to jest onoj koju zahtijeva glavni ili prevladavajući cilj ili element.
 4.2.2. Primjena u predmetnom slučaju
 Glavni cilj i sadržaj predviđenog akta odnose se na usklađivanje propisa. Stoga je materijalna pravna osnova predložene odluke članak 114. UFEU-a.
 4.3.
 Zaključak
 Pravna osnova predložene odluke trebao bi biti članak 114. UFEU-a u vezi s člankom 218. stavkom 9. UFEU-a.
 2020/0020 (NLE)
 Prijedlog
 ODLUKE VIJEĆA
 o stajalištu koje treba zauzeti u ime Europske unije u relevantnim odborima Gospodarske komisije Ujedinjenih naroda za Europu o prijedlozima izmjena pravilnika UN-a br. 10, 26, 28, 46, 48, 51, 55, 58, 59, 62, 79, 90, 106, 107, 110, 117, 121, 122, 128, 144, 148, 149, 150, 151 i 152, o prijedlozima izmjena globalnih tehničkih pravilnika br. 3, 6 i 16, o prijedlogu izmjena Konsolidirane rezolucije R.E.5 i o prijedlogu ovlaštenja za izradu izmjena Globalnog tehničkog pravilnika br. 6 i izradu novog globalnog tehničkog pravilnika o određivanju snage elektrificiranog vozila (DEVP)
 VIJEĆE EUROPSKE UNIJE,
 uzimajući u obzir Ugovor o funkcioniranju Europske unije, a posebno njegov članak 114. u vezi s člankom 218. stavkom 9.,
 uzimajući u obzir prijedlog Europske komisije,
 budući da:
 (1)Unija je Odlukom Vijeća 97/836/EZ
 4
 pristupila Sporazumu Gospodarske komisije Ujedinjenih naroda za Europu (UNECE) o donošenju jednakih tehničkih propisa za vozila na kotačima, opremu i dijelove koji mogu biti ugrađeni i/ili upotrijebljeni u vozilima na kotačima i uvjetima za uzajamno priznavanje homologacija dodijeljenih na temelju tih propisa („Revidirani Sporazum iz 1958.”). Revidirani sporazum iz 1958. stupio je na snagu 24. ožujka 1998.
 (2)Odlukom Vijeća 2000/125/EZ
 5
 Unija je pristupila Sporazumu o utvrđivanju globalnih tehničkih propisa za vozila na kotačima, opremu i dijelove koji mogu biti ugrađeni i/ili upotrijebljeni u vozilima na kotačima („Usporedni sporazum”). Usporedni sporazum stupio je na snagu 15. veljače 2000.
 (3)U skladu s člankom 1. Revidiranog sporazuma iz 1958. i člankom 6. Usporednog sporazuma UNECE-ov Svjetski forum za usklađivanje pravilnika o vozilima (Radna skupina 29 ili WP.29) može donijeti, kako je primjenjivo, prijedloge izmjena pravilnika UN-a br. 10, 26, 28, 46, 48, 51, 55, 58, 59, 62, 79, 90, 106, 107, 110, 117, 121, 122, 128, 144, 148, 149, 150, 151 i 152, prijedloge izmjena globalnih tehničkih pravilnika br. 3, 6 i 16, prijedlog izmjena Konsolidirane rezolucije R.E.5 i prijedloge ovlaštenja za izradu izmjena Globalnog tehničkog pravilnika br. 6 i izradu novog globalnog tehničkog pravilnika o određivanju snage elektrificiranog vozila (DEVP).
 (4)Na 180. zasjedanju Svjetskog foruma, koje će se održati od 10. do 12. ožujka 2020., WP.29 planira donijeti navedene akte koji se odnose na administrativne odredbe i jedinstvene tehničke propise za homologaciju vozila na kotačima, opreme i dijelova koji mogu biti ugrađeni i/ili upotrijebljeni u vozilima na kotačima te globalne tehničke pravilnike za ta vozila, tu opremu i te dijelove.
 (5)Primjereno je utvrditi stajalište koje u ime Unije treba zauzeti u WP.29 u vezi s donošenjem prijedloga pravilnika UN-a jer će ti pravilnici UN-a biti obvezujući za Uniju te će moći presudno utjecati na sadržaj prava Unije u području homologacije vozila.
 (6)Direktivom 2007/46/EZ Europskog parlamenta i Vijeća
 6
 homologacijski sustavi država članica zamijenjeni su homologacijskim postupkom Unije te je uspostavljen usklađeni okvir s administrativnim odredbama i općim tehničkim zahtjevima za sva nova vozila, sustave, sastavne dijelove i zasebne tehničke jedinice. Tom su direktivom pravilnici doneseni na temelju Revidiranog sporazuma iz 1958. („pravilnici UN-a”) uključeni u sustav EU homologacije tipa kao zahtjevi za homologaciju tipa ili kao alternativa zakonodavstvu Unije. Od donošenja Direktive 2007/46/EZ pravilnici UN-a sve se više uključuju u zakonodavstvo Unije.
 (7)S obzirom na iskustvo i tehnički napredak potrebno je izmijeniti ili dopuniti zahtjeve koji se odnose na određene elemente ili obilježja obuhvaćene pravilnicima UN-a br. 10, 26, 28, 46, 48, 51, 55, 58, 59, 62, 79, 90, 106, 107, 110, 117, 121, 122, 128, 144, 148, 149, 150, 151 i 152. Uz to je potrebno izmijeniti neke odredbe globalnih tehničkih pravilnika (GTR) br. 3, 6 i 16. Na kraju, potrebno je donijeti izmjene Konsolidirane rezolucije R.E.5, ovlaštenje za izradu izmjene Globalnog tehničkog pravilnika br. 6 i ovlaštenje za izradu novog globalnog tehničkog pravilnika o određivanju snage elektrificiranog vozila (DEVP).
 (8)WP.29 je u radnom dokumentu ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2020/25 pripremio prijedlog dopune 2. Pravilniku UN-a br. 144 (sustavi za hitne pozive u slučaju nesreće), ali taj prijedlog još nije spreman za glasanje u radnoj skupini.
 (9)WP.29 je u radnom dokumentu ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2020/2 pripremio prijedlog dopune 1. nizu izmjena 08 Pravilnika UN-a br. 9 (buka vozila na tri kotača). S obzirom na to da EU ne primjenjuje jedinstvene odredbe Pravilnika UN-a br. 9, nije potrebno utvrditi stajalište Unije o prijedlogu ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2020/2,
 DONIJELO JE OVU ODLUKU:
 Članak 1.
 Stajalište koje treba zauzeti u ime Unije u WP.29 na njegovu 180. zasjedanju, koje će se održati od 10. do 12. ožujka 2020., je glasanje za prijedloge iz Priloga 1. ovoj Odluci.
 Članak 2.
 Stajalište koje treba zauzeti u ime Unije u WP.29 na njegovu 180. zasjedanju, koje će se održati od 10. do 12. ožujka 2020., je glasanje protiv prijedloga dopune 2. nizu izmjena 03 Pravilnika UN-a br. 144 (sustavi za hitne pozive u slučaju nesreće, radni dokument ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2019/25).
 Članak 3.
 Ova je Odluka upućena Komisiji.
 Sastavljeno u Bruxellesu,
 Predsjednik
 Za Vijeće
 Predsjednik
 (1)
 Odluka Vijeća 97/836/EZ od 27. studenoga 1997. s obzirom na pristupanje Europske zajednice Sporazumu Gospodarske komisije Ujedinjenih naroda za Europu o prihvaćanju jednakih tehničkih propisa za vozila na kotačima, opremu i dijelove koji mogu biti ugrađeni i/ili upotrijebljeni u vozilima na kotačima i uvjetima za uzajamno priznavanje homologacija dodijeljenih na temelju tih propisa („Revidirani sporazum iz 1958.”) (SL L 346, 17.12.1997., str. 78.).Odluka Vijeća 2000/125/EZ od 31. siječnja 2000. o sklapanju Sporazuma o utvrđivanju globalnih tehničkih propisa za vozila na kotačima, opremu i dijelove koji mogu biti ugrađeni i/ili upotrijebljeni u vozilima na kotačima („Usporedni sporazum”) (SL L 35, 10.2.2000., str. 12.).
 (2)
 Presuda Suda od 7. listopada 2014., Njemačka protiv Vijeća, C-399/12, ECLI:EU:C:2014:2258, točke od 61. do 64.
 (3)
 Direktiva 2007/46/EZ Europskog parlamenta i Vijeća od 5. rujna 2007. o uspostavi okvira za homologaciju motornih vozila i njihovih prikolica te sustava, sastavnih dijelova i zasebnih tehničkih jedinica namijenjenih za takva vozila (Okvirna direktiva) (SL L 263, 9.10.2007., str. 1.).
 (4)
 Odluka Vijeća 97/836/EZ od 27. studenoga 1997. s obzirom na pristupanje Europske zajednice Sporazumu Gospodarske komisije Ujedinjenih naroda za Europu o prihvaćanju jednakih tehničkih propisa za vozila na kotačima, opremu i dijelove koji mogu biti ugrađeni i/ili upotrijebljeni u vozilima na kotačima i uvjetima za uzajamno priznavanje homologacija dodijeljenih na temelju tih propisa („Revidirani sporazum iz 1958.”) (SL L 346, 17.12.1997., str. 78.).
 (5)
 Odluka Vijeća 2000/125/EZ od 31. siječnja 2000. o sklapanju Sporazuma o utvrđivanju globalnih tehničkih propisa za vozila na kotačima, opremu i dijelove koji mogu biti ugrađeni i/ili upotrijebljeni u vozilima na kotačima („Usporedni sporazum”) (SL L 35, 10.2.2000., str. 12.).
 (6)
 Direktiva 2007/46/EZ Europskog parlamenta i Vijeća od 5. rujna 2007. o uspostavi okvira za homologaciju motornih vozila i njihovih prikolica te sustava, sastavnih dijelova i zasebnih tehničkih jedinica namijenjenih za takva vozila (Okvirna direktiva) (SL L 263, 9.10.2007., str. 1.).
 ---documentbreak---
 EUROPSKA KOMISIJA
 Bruxelles, 5.2.2020.
 COM(2020) 42 final
 PRILOG
 ODLUCI VIJEĆA
 o stajalištu koje treba zauzeti u ime Europske unije u relevantnim odborima Gospodarske komisije Ujedinjenih naroda za Europu o prijedlozima izmjena pravilnika UN-a br. 10, 26, 28, 46, 48, 51, 55, 58, 59, 62, 79, 90, 106, 107, 110, 117, 121, 122, 128, 144, 148, 149, 150, 151 i 152, o prijedlozima izmjena globalnih tehničkih pravilnika br. 3, 6 i 16, o prijedlogu izmjena Konsolidirane rezolucije R.E.5 i o prijedlogu ovlaštenja za izradu izmjena Globalnog tehničkog pravilnika br. 6 i izradu novog globalnog tehničkog pravilnika o određivanju snage elektrificiranog vozila (DEVP)
 PRILOG
 Pravilnik br.
 Naslov točke dnevnog reda
 Oznaka dokumenta
 1
 10
 Prijedlog dopune 1. nizu izmjena 06 Pravilnika UN-a br. 10 (elektromagnetska kompatibilnost)
 ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2020/30
 26
 Prijedlog niza izmjena 04 Pravilnika UN-a br. 26
 (vanjske izbočine osobnih vozila)
 ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2020/26
 26
 Prijedlog dopune 4. nizu izmjena 03 Pravilnika UN-a br. 26
 (vanjske izbočine osobnih vozila)
 ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2020/15
 28
 Prijedlog dopune 6. izvornom nizu izmjena Pravilnika UN-a br. 28 (uređaji za zvučno upozoravanje)
 ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2020/3
 46
 Prijedlog dopune 7. nizu izmjena 04 Pravilnika UN-a br. 46
 (uređaji za neizravno gledanje)
 ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2020/16
 46
 Prijedlog dopune 8. nizu izmjena 04 Pravilnika UN-a br. 46
 (uređaji za neizravno gledanje)
 ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2020/17
 48
 Prijedlog novog niza izmjena 07 Pravilnika UN-a br. 48 (ugradnja uređaja za osvjetljavanje i svjetlosnu signalizaciju)
 ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2020/36, WP.29-180-07
 51
 Prijedlog dopune 6. nizu izmjena 03 Pravilnika UN-a br. 51
 (buka vozila kategorija M i N)
 ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2020/4
 55
 Prijedlog niza izmjena 02 Pravilnika UN-a br. 55
 (mehaničke spojnice)
 ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2020/27
 58
 Prijedlog dopune 1. nizu izmjena 03 Pravilnika UN-a br. 58
 (naprave za zaštitu od stražnjeg podlijetanja)
 ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2020/19
 59
 Prijedlog novog niza izmjena 03 Pravilnika UN-a br. 59
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 ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2020/44
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jurisdiction: US

text:
 110 HR 845 IH: Criminal Restitution Improvement Act of 2007
 U.S. House of Representatives
 2007-02-06
 text/xml
 EN
 Pursuant to Title 17 Section 105 of the United States Code, this file is not subject to copyright protection and is in the public domain.
 I
 110th CONGRESS 1st Session
 H. R. 845
 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
 February 6, 2007
 Mr. Chabot (for himself, Mr. Smith of Texas, Mr. Gallegly, Mr. Franks of Arizona, and Mr. Pence) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary
 A BILL
 To improve and consolidate the law relating to restitution in criminal cases.
 1.Short titleThis Act may be cited as the Criminal Restitution Improvement Act of 2007.
 2.Mandatory restitution for Federal offensesTitle 18, United States Code, is amended by striking section 3663 and all that follows through section 3664 and inserting the following:
 3663.Mandatory restitution
 (a)Restitution RequiredThe court shall order a convicted defendant to make restitution for all pecuniary loss to identifiable victims, including pecuniary loss resulting from physical injury to, or the death of, another, proximately resulting from the offense.
 (b)To Whom Made
 (1)GenerallyThe court shall order restitution be made to each victim of the offense.
 (2)Definition of victimAs used in this section and section 3664, the term victim means—
 (A)each identifiable person or entity suffering the pecuniary loss (and any successor to that person or entity); and
 (B)others, as agreed to in a plea agreement or otherwise provided by law.
 (c)Extent of RestitutionRestitution shall compensate the victim for all of the victim’s pecuniary loss, including—
 (1)an amount equal to the greater of the value of the property on the date of the damage, loss, or destruction or the value of the property on the date of sentencing;
 (2)an amount equal to the cost of necessary medical and related professional services and devices relating to physical, psychiatric, and psychological care, including nonmedical care and treatment rendered in accordance with a method of healing recognized by the law of the place of treatment;
 (3)an amount equal to the cost of necessary physical and occupational therapy and rehabilitation; and
 (4)income lost by such victim as a result of such offense;
 (5)lost income and necessary child care, transportation, and other expenses incurred during participation in the investigation or prosecution of the offense or attendance at proceedings related to the offense, including attorneys’ fees necessarily and reasonably incurred for representation of the victim except for payment of salaries of government lawyers; and
 (6)in the case of an offense resulting in the death of the victim, an amount equal to the cost of necessary funeral and related services.
 (d)Special Rule for MisdemeanorsIn the case of a misdemeanor, an order of restitution may be in lieu of any other penalty.
 (e)Alternative Arrangements in Light of Practical ProblemsThe court shall provide as complete a restitution to as many victims as possible, though not the full restitution to all victims otherwise required by this section, to the extent the court finds on the record that—
 (1)the number of identifiable victims is so large as to make restitution impracticable; or
 (2)determining complex issues of fact related to the cause or amount of a victim’s losses would complicate or prolong the sentencing process to such a degree that the need to provide restitution to that victim is outweighed by the burden on the sentencing process.
 3664.Procedure for issuance and enforcement of order of restitution
 (a)Report by Probation Officer
 (1)Duty to makeThe probation officer shall obtain and include in the presentence report, or in a separate report, as the court may direct, information sufficient for the court to fashion a restitution order.
 (2)ContentsThe report shall include, to the extent practicable, a complete accounting of the losses to each victim, any restitution owed pursuant to a plea agreement, and information relating to the economic circumstances of each defendant. If the number or identity of victims cannot be reasonably ascertained, or other circumstances exist that make this requirement impracticable, the probation officer shall so inform the court and make the best efforts possible to estimate the loss and identify the victims.
 (b)Disclosure to partiesThe court shall disclose to the defendant, the attorney for the Government, and, upon request, potential recipients of restitution, all portions of the presentence or other report pertaining to the matters described in subsection (a).
 (c)Information from Attorney for the GovernmentThe attorney for the Government shall provide to the probation officer any information the Attorney for the Government has relevant to the matters required to be reported under subsection (a).
 (d)Notice to VictimsThe probation officer shall, before submitting the presentence report under subsection (a), to the extent practicable—
 (1)provide notice to all identified victims of—
 (A)the offense or offenses of which the defendant was convicted;
 (B)the amounts subject to restitution submitted to the probation officer;
 (C)the opportunity of the victim to submit information to the probation officer concerning the amount of the victim’s losses;
 (D)the scheduled date, time, and place of the sentencing hearing;
 (E)the availability of a lien in favor of the victim; and
 (F)the opportunity of the victim to file with the probation officer a separate affidavit relating to the amount of the victim’s losses subject to restitution; and
 (2)provide the victim with an affidavit form to submit pursuant to paragraph (1)(F).
 (e)Defendant’s Affidavit as to FinancesEach defendant shall prepare and file with the probation officer an affidavit fully describing the financial resources of the defendant, including a complete listing of all assets owned or controlled by the defendant as of the date on which the defendant was arrested, the financial needs and earning ability of the defendant and the defendant’s dependents, and such other information that the court requires relating to such other factors as the court deems appropriate.
 (f)Additional Documentation or TestimonyAfter reviewing the report of the probation officer, the court may require additional documentation or hear testimony. The privacy of any records filed, or testimony heard, pursuant to this section shall be maintained to the greatest extent possible, and such records may be filed or testimony heard in camera.
 (g)Date for Final DeterminationIf a victim’s losses are not ascertainable by the date that is 10 days before sentencing, the attorney for the Government or the probation officer shall so inform the court, and the court shall set a date for the final determination of the victim’s losses, not to exceed 90 days after sentencing. If the victim subsequently discovers further losses, the victim shall have 60 days after discovery of those losses in which to petition the court for an amended restitution order. Such order may be granted only upon a showing of good cause for the failure to include such losses in the initial claim for restitution.
 (h)Referral to Magistrate or Special MasterThe court may refer any issue arising in connection with a proposed order of restitution to a magistrate judge or special master for proposed findings of fact and recommendations as to disposition, subject to a de novo determination of the issue by the court.
 (i)Burdens of ProofAny dispute as to the proper amount or type of restitution shall be resolved by the court by the preponderance of the evidence. The burden of demonstrating the amount of the loss sustained by a victim of restitution as a result of the offense shall be on the attorney for the Government. The burden of demonstrating the financial resources of the defendant and the financial needs of the defendant’s dependents, shall be on the defendant. The burden of demonstrating such other matters as the court deems appropriate shall be upon the party designated by the court as justice requires.
 (j)Order of Payment
 (1)Upon determination of the amount of restitution owed to each victim, the court shall order that the full amount of restitution is due and payable immediately.
 (2)The court shall specify in the restitution order the manner in which the restitution is to be paid. The court may provide for payment in installments according to a schedule. The length of time over which scheduled payments are established shall be the shortest time in which full payment reasonably can be made and based on—
 (A)the financial resources and other assets of the defendant, including whether any of these assets are jointly controlled;
 (B)projected earnings and other income of the defendant; and
 (C)any financial obligations of the defendant; including obligations to dependents.
 (3)The court may direct the defendant to take any action, including the repatriation of assets or the surrender of the interest of the defendant in any asset, in order to pay restitution in accordance with this section.
 (4)The Attorney General may collect and apply unreported or otherwise newly available assets to the payment of restitution, without regard to any installment payment provisions.
 (k)Order as Final JudgmentA sentence that imposes an order of restitution is a final judgment notwithstanding the fact that—
 (1)such a sentence can subsequently be—
 (A)corrected under Rule 35 of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure and section 3742 of chapter 235 of this title;
 (B)appealed and modified under section 3742;
 (C)amended under subsection (g); or
 (D)adjusted under section 3664(q), 3572, or 3613A; or
 (2)the defendant may be resentenced under section 3565 or 3614.
 (l)Joint and several responsibilityIf the offense involves more than one defendant, the court may order each defendant jointly and severally liable for any or all of the restitution.
 (m)Supervised ReleaseA court shall not terminate a term of supervised release under section 3583(e) before the order to pay restitution has been completely satisfied. A court shall extend a term of supervised release beyond that otherwise imposed under other provisions of law, until the defendant has paid the restitution in full or the court determines the economic circumstances of the defendant do not allow the payment of any further restitution. Such determination is only for the purposes of this subsection and does not affect the obligation to pay restitution or the ability of any entity to enforce restitution under any other provision of law. If the supervised release is extended under this subsection, the court shall order that the sole condition of supervised release shall be payment of restitution.
 (n)Effect of Insurance and Other Compensation
 (1)InsuranceIn no case shall the fact that a victim receives or is entitled to receive compensation with respect to a loss from insurance or any other source be considered in determining the amount of restitution. If a victim receives compensation from insurance or any other source with respect to a loss, the court shall order that restitution be paid to the person who provided or is obligated to provide the compensation, but the restitution order shall provide that all victims be paid before such a provider of compensation.
 (2)Other compensationAny amount paid to a victim under an order of restitution shall be reduced by any amount later recovered as compensatory damages for the same loss by the victim in—
 (A)any Federal civil proceeding; and
 (B)any State civil proceeding, to the extent provided by the law of the State.
 (o)Details of Payments
 (1)Minimum payment requiredA restitution order may direct the defendant to make nominal periodic payments if the court finds on the record that the economic circumstances of the defendant do not allow the payment of any amount of a restitution order, and do not allow for the payment of the full amount of a restitution order in the foreseeable future under any reasonable schedule of payments.
 (2)In-kind paymentsAn in-kind payment may be in the form of return of property, replacement of property, or if the victim agrees, services rendered to the victim or a person or organization other than the victim.
 (p)Different payment schedules for multiple victimsIf the court finds that more than 1 victim has sustained a loss requiring restitution by a defendant, the court may provide for a different payment schedule for each victim, based on their individual losses and economic circumstances. In any case in which the United States is a victim, the court shall ensure that all other victims receive full restitution before the United States receives any restitution.
 (q)Material Change in Defendant’s Ability To PayThe defendant shall notify the court and the Attorney General of any material change in the defendant’s economic circumstances that might affect the defendant’s ability to pay restitution. The court may also accept notification of a material change in the defendant’s economic circumstances from the United States or from the victim. The Attorney General shall certify to the court that the victims have been notified of the change in circumstances. Upon receipt of the notification, the court may, on its own motion, or the motion of any party, including the victim, adjust the payment schedule, or require immediate payment in full, as the interests of justice require.
 (r)Name and address changesIt is the responsibility of the victim to provide any change in name or mailing address to the court while restitution is still owed. Not later than 30 days after any change in name or mailing or residence address, a person owing restitution shall promptly report the change to the court. The confidentiality of any information relating to a victim shall be maintained.
 (s)Enforcement
 (1)GenerallyAn order of restitution may be enforced by the United States in the manner provided for in subchapter C of chapter 227 and subchapter B of chapter 229 of this title, or by all other available and necessary means.
 (2)Abstract of judgmentAt the request of a victim named in a restitution order, the clerk of the court shall issue an abstract of judgment certifying that a judgment has been entered in favor of such victim in the amount specified in the restitution order. Upon registering, recording, docketing, or indexing such abstract in accordance with the rules and requirements relating to judgments of the court of the State where the district court is located, the abstract of judgment shall be a lien on the property of the defendant located in such State in the same manner and to the same extent and under the same conditions as a judgment of a court of general jurisdiction in that State.
 (3)Special rule for in-kind ordersAn order of in-kind restitution in the form of services shall be enforced by the probation officer.
 (t)Effect of additional resourcesIf a person obligated to provide restitution, or pay a fine, receives additional resources from any source, including inheritance, settlement, or other judgment, such person shall be required to apply the value of such resources to any restitution or fine still owed.
 (u)Rights of victims
 (1)Not required to participateNo victim shall be required to participate in any phase of a restitution order.
 (2)Assignment to FundA victim may at any time assign an interest in restitution payments to the Crime Victims Fund in the Treasury without in any way impairing the obligation of the defendant to make such payments.
 (v)No Cause of Action Created Against the United States or its officers or employeesNothing in this section or section or 3663 shall be construed to create a cause of action not otherwise authorized in favor of any person against the United States or any officer or employee of the United States.
 (w)Collateral estoppelA conviction of a defendant for an offense involving the act giving rise to an order of restitution shall estop the defendant from denying the essential allegations of that offense in any subsequent Federal civil proceeding or State civil proceeding, to the extent consistent with State law, brought by the victim. .
 3.Table of sections amendmentThe table of sections at the beginning of chapter 232 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking the item relating to sections 3663 and all that follows the item relating to section 3664 and inserting the following:
 3663. Mandatory restitution.
 3664.Procedure for issuance and enforcement of order of restitution. .
 4.Effect of restitution order on sentence of probationSection 3564 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
 (f)Relation to Restitution OrderThe court shall not terminate a term of probation under section 3564(c) if the defendant has an unsatisfied order of restitution. The court shall extend probation for such a defendant beyond any term otherwise provided by law until the order is satisfied or the court determines the economic circumstances of the defendant do not allow the payment of any further restitution. Such determination is only for the purposes of this subsection and does not affect the obligation to pay restitution or the ability of any entity to enforce restitution under any other provision of law. The sole condition of such extended probation shall be the satisfaction of that order. .
 5.Conforming amendments and repeals
 (a)Elimination of specialized mandatory restitution provisions
 (1) In title 18Title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking—
 (A)section 1593;
 (B)section 2248;
 (C)section 2259;
 (D)section 2264; and
 (E)section 2327.
 (2)Conforming amendments to tables in title 18The table of sections for each of the chapters of title 18, United States Code, from which a section is stricken by subsection (a) is amended by striking the item relating to that section.
 (3)In the Controlled Substances ActThe Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 801 et seq.) is amended—
 (A)in section 413(q), by strikingshall— and all that follows through 3663A of title 18, United States Code. and inserting order the defendant to reimburse the United States, the State or local government concerned, or both the United States and the State or local government concerned for the costs incurred by the United States or the State or local government concerned, as the case may be, for the cleanup associated with the manufacture of amphetamine or methamphetamine by the defendant, or on premises or in property that the defendant owns, resides, or does business in.; and
 (B)in section 416, by striking subsection (c).
 (b)Elimination of procedural matters moved to restitution sectionsSection 3612(b)(1) of title 18, United States Code, is amended—
 (1)by striking subparagraphs (F) and (G);
 (2)by inserting and at the end of subparagraph (D); and
 (3)by striking the semicolon at the end of subparagraph (E) and inserting a period.
 (c)Cross reference corrections
 (1)Section 3563(a)(6)(A) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking 2248, 2259, 2327, 3663, 3663A, and 3664 and inserting 3663 and 3664.
 (2)Section 3613(c) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking 2248 and all that follows through 3664 and inserting 3663 and 3664.
 6.Special forfeiture of collateral profits from crimeSubsection (a) of section 3681 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking the interest of justice or an order of restitution and all that follows through the end of the subsection and inserting the compelling interest of preventing wrongdoers from profiting from their crimes or of providing restitution to the victims of those crimes so requires, order the offender (or any transferee of that defendant) to forfeit any profits made possible by the offense..
 7.Amendments to the Mandatory Victims Restitution Act
 (a)In generalChapter 232 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by inserting after section 3664 the following:
 3664A.Preservation of assets for restitution
 (a)Protective orders To preserve assets
 (1)In generalUpon the Government's ex parte application and a finding of probable cause that a defendant, if convicted, will be ordered to pay an approximate amount of restitution for an offense punishable by imprisonment for more than 1 year, the court—
 (A)shall—
 (i)enter a restraining order or injunction;
 (ii)require the execution of a satisfactory performance bond; or
 (iii)take any other action necessary to preserve the availability of any property traceable to the commission of the offense charged; and
 (B)if it determines that it is in the interests of justice to do so, shall issue any order necessary to preserve any nonexempt asset (as defined in section 3613) of the defendant that may be used to satisfy such restitution order.
 (2)Effect of probable cause findingAny probable cause finding by the court under paragraph (1) shall not limit the amount of restitution the court may impose at the time of sentencing.
 (3)ProceduresApplications and orders issued under paragraph (1) shall be governed by the procedures under section 413(e) of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 853(e)) and in this section.
 (4)Monetary instrumentsIf the property in question is a monetary instrument (as defined in section 1956(c)(5)) or funds in electronic form, the protective order issued under paragraph (1) may take the form of a warrant authorizing the Government to seize the property and to deposit it into an interest-bearing account in the Registry of the Court in the district in which the warrant was issued, or into another such account maintained by a substitute property custodian, as the court may direct.
 (5)Post-indictmentA post-indictment protective order entered under paragraph (1) shall remain in effect through the conclusion of the criminal case, including sentencing and any post-sentencing proceedings, until seizure or other disposition of the subject property, unless modified by the court upon a motion by the Government or under subsection (b) or (c).
 (b)Defendant's right to a hearing
 (1)In generalIn the case of a preindictment protective order entered under subsection (a)(1), the defendant's right to a post-restraint hearing shall be governed by paragraphs (1)(B) and (2) of section 413(e) of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 853(e)).
 (2)Post-indictmentIn the case of a post-indictment protective order entered under subsection (a)(1), the defendant shall have a right to a post-restraint hearing regarding the continuation or modification of the order if the defendant—
 (A)establishes by a preponderance of the evidence that there are no assets, other than the restrained property, available to the defendant to retain counsel in the criminal case or to provide for a reasonable living allowance for the necessary expenses of the defendant and the defendant's lawful dependents; and
 (B)makes a prima facie showing that there is bona fide reason to believe that the court's ex parte finding of probable cause under subsection (a)(1) was in error.
 (3)Hearing
 (A)In generalIf the court determines that the defendant has satisfied the requirements of paragraph (2), it may hold a hearing to determine whether there is probable cause to believe that the defendant, if convicted, will be ordered to satisfy an order of restitution for an offense punishable by imprisonment for more than 1 year, and that the seized or restrained property may be needed to satisfy such restitution order.
 (B)Probable causeIf the court finds probable cause under subparagraph (A), the protective order shall remain in effect.
 (C)No probable causeIf the court finds under subparagraph (A) that no probable cause exists as to some or all of the property, or determines that more property has been seized and restrained than may be needed to satisfy a restitution order, it shall modify the protective order to the extent necessary to release the property that should not have been restrained.
 (4)RebuttalIf the court conducts an evidentiary hearing under paragraph (3), the court shall afford the Government an opportunity to present rebuttal evidence and to cross-examine any witness that the defendant may present.
 (5)Pretrial hearingIn any pretrial hearing on a protective order issued under subsection (a)(1), the court may not entertain challenges to the grand jury's finding of probable cause regarding the criminal offense giving rise to a potential restitution order. The court shall ensure that such hearings are not used to obtain disclosure of evidence or the identities of witnesses earlier than required by the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure or other applicable law.
 (c)Third party's right to post-restraint hearing
 (1)In generalA person other than the defendant who has a legal interest in property affected by a protective order issued under subsection (a)(1) may move to modify the order on the grounds that—
 (A)the order causes an immediate and irreparable hardship to the moving party; and
 (B)less intrusive means exist to preserve the property for the purpose of restitution.
 (2)ModificationIf, after considering any rebuttal evidence offered by the Government, the court determines that the moving party has made the showings required under paragraph (1), the court shall modify the order to mitigate the hardship, to the extent that it is possible to do so while preserving the asset for restitution.
 (3)Intervention
 (A)In generalExcept as provided in subparagraph (B) or paragraph (1), a person other than a defendant has no right to intervene in the criminal case to object to the entry of any order issued under this section or otherwise to object to an order directing a defendant to pay restitution.
 (B)ExceptionIf, at the conclusion of the criminal case, the court orders the defendant to use particular assets to satisfy an order of restitution (including assets that have been seized or restrained pursuant to this section) the court shall give persons other than the defendant the opportunity to object to the order on the ground that the property belonged in whole or in part to the third party and not to the defendant, as provided in section 413(n) of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 853(n)).
 (d)Geographic scope of order
 (1)In generalA district court of the United States shall have jurisdiction to enter an order under this section without regard to the location of the property subject to the order.
 (2)Outside the United StatesIf the property subject to an order issued under this section is located outside of the United States, the order may be transmitted to the central authority of any foreign state for service in accordance with any treaty or other international agreement.
 (e)No effect on other Government actionNothing in this section shall be construed to preclude the Government from seeking the seizure, restraint, or forfeiture of assets under the asset forfeiture laws of the United States.
 (f)Limitation on rights conferredNothing in this section shall be construed to create any enforceable right to have the Government seek the seizure or restraint of property for restitution.
 (g)Receivers
 (1)In generalA court issuing an order under this section may appoint a receiver under section 1956(b)(4) to collect, marshal, and take custody, control, and possession of all assets of the defendant, wherever located, that have been restrained in accordance with this section.
 (2)Distribution of propertyThe receiver shall have the power to distribute property in its control to each victim identified in an order of restitution at such time, and in such manner, as the court may authorize. .
 (b)Conforming amendmentThe table of sections at the beginning chapter 232 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 3664 the following:
 Sec. 3664A. Preservation of assets for restitution. .
 8.Amendments to the anti-fraud injunction statuteSection 1345(a) of title 18, United States Code, is amended—
 (1)in paragraph (1)—
 (A)in subparagraph (B), by striking or at the end; and
 (B)by inserting after subparagraph (C) the following:
 (D)committing or about to commit a Federal offense that may result in an order of restitution; ; and
 (2)in paragraph (2)—
 (A)by striking a banking violation and all that follows through healthcare offense and inserting a violation or offense identified in paragraph (1); and
 (B)by inserting or offense after traceable to such violation.
 9.Amendments to the Federal Debt Collection Procedures Act
 (a)ProcessSection 3004(b)(2) of title 28, United States Code, is amended by inserting after in which the debtor resides. the following: In a criminal case, the district court for the district in which the defendant was sentenced may deny the request..
 (b)Prejudgment remediesSection 3101 of title 28, United States Code, is amended—
 (1)in subsection (a)(1) by inserting after the filing of a civil action on a claim for a debt the following: or in any criminal action where the court may enter an order of restitution; and
 (2)in subsection (d)—
 (A)by inserting after The Government wants to make sure [name of debtor] will pay if the court determines that this money is owed.’ the following:
 In a criminal action, use the following opening paragraph: You are hereby notified that this [property] is being taken by the United States Government [the Government], which says that [name of debtor], if convicted, may owe as restitution $ [amount]. The Government says it must take this property at this time because [recite the pertinent ground or grounds from section 3101(b)]. The Government wants to make sure [name of debtor] will pay if the court determines that restitution is owed. ;
 (B)by inserting after a statement that different property may be so exempted with respect to the State in which the debtor resides.]’ the following:
 [In a criminal action, the statement summarizing the types of property that may be exempt shall list only those types of property that may be exempt under section 3613 of title 18.] ; and
 (C)by inserting after You must also send a copy of your request to the Government at [address], so the Government will know you want the proceeding to be transferred.’ the following:
 If this Notice is issued in conjunction with a criminal case, the district court where the criminal action is pending may deny your request for a transfer of this proceeding. .
 (c)EnforcementSection 3202(b) of title 28, United States Code, is amended—
 (1)by inserting after a statement that different property may be so exempted with respect to the State in which the debtor resides.]’ the following:
 [In a criminal action, the statement summarizing the types of property that may be exempt shall list only those types of property that may be exempt under section 3613 of title 18.] ; and
 (2)by inserting after you want the proceeding to be transferred.’ the following:
 If this notice is issued in conjunction with a criminal case, the district court where the criminal action is pending may deny your request for a transfer of this proceeding. .
 10.Authorization of appropriationsThere are authorized to be appropriated to the Attorney General for enhancing the enforcement and litigation of criminal debts owed to victims of Federal criminal offenses $20 million for each of the fiscal years 2008 through 2012.