text:
 Avis juridique important
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 21978A0511(02)
 Protokol om fastsættelse af visse bestemmelser for samhandelen med landbrugsvarer mellem Det europæiske økonomiske Fællesskab og republikken Cypern
 EF-Tidende nr. L 172 af 28/06/1978 s. 0010 den græske specialudgave: Kapitel 11 bind 9 s. 0219
 ++++ PROTOKOL om fastsaettelse af visse bestemmelser for samhandelen med landbrugsvarer mellem Det europaeiske oekonomiske Faellesskab og republikken Cypern RAADET FOR DE EUROPAEISKE FAELLESSKABER paa den ene side , REGERINGEN FOR REPUBLIKKEN CYPERN paa den anden side , HAR _ UD FRA DEN BETRAGTNING , at der inden for landbrugssektoren er vedtaget en tillaegprotokol til aftalen om oprettelse af en associering mellem Det europaeiske oekonomiske Faellesskab og republikken Cypern under hensyntagen til resultatet af de undersoegelser , som er foretaget med henblik paa en samlet tilnaermelse af Faellesskabets forhold til landene i middelhavsomraadet ; UD FRA DEN BETRAGTNING , at det er noedvendigt at indfoere ekstraordinaere foranstaltninger for at tage hensyn til Cyperns saerlige situation _ VEDTAGET at indgaa en protokol , som for 1978 og 1979 fastsaetter visse bestemmelser for samhandelen med landbrugsvarer mellem Det europaeiske oekonomiske Faellesskab og republikken Cypern , og har med henblik herpaa som befuldmaegtigede udpeget : RAADET FOR DE EUROPAEISKE FAELLESSKABER : Gunnar RIBERHOLDT , overordentlig og befuldmaegtiget ambassadoer , Danmarks faste repraesentant , formand for De faste repraesentanters Komité ; Roland de KERGORLAY , assisterende generaldirektoer i Generaldirektoratet for eksterne forbindelser i Kommissionen for De europaeiske Faellesskaber ; REPUBLIKKEN CYPERNS REGERING : Titos PHANOS , overordentlig og befuldmaegtiget ambassadoer , fast delegeret ved Det europaeiske oekonomiske Faellesskab , chef for republikken Cyperns mission ; SOM , efter at have udvekslet deres fuldmagter og fundet dem i god og behoerig form _ ER BLEVET ENIGE OM FOELGENDE BESTEMMELSER : AFSNIT I Handelsmaessige foranstaltninger Artikel 1 Bestemmelserne i artikel 2 i tillaegsprotokollen til aftalen om oprettelse af en associering mellem Det europaeiske oekonomiske Faellesskab og republikken Cypern suppleres med foelgende bestemmelser . Artikel 2 1 . Ved indfoersel i Faellesskabet af nedenfor anfoerte varer med oprindelse i Cypern nedsaettes tolden i den faelles toldtarif med den for hver enkelt vare anfoerte sats : Position i * * Nedsaettelses - den faelles * Varebeskrivelse * * sats ( % ) toldtarif 07.01 Groensaeger , friske eller koelede : * A . Kartofler : * II . Nye kartofler : * a ) I perioden 1 . januar _ 15 . maj 1978 * 65 ( 1 ) * b ) I perioden 16 . maj _ 30 . maj 1978 * 65 ( 1 ) ( a ) * a ) I perioden 1 . januar _ 15 . maj 1979 * 60 ( 1 ) * b ) I perioden 16 . maj _ 30 . juni 1979 * 55 ( 1 ) ( b ) * G . Guleroedder , turnips , roedbeder , skorzoner , knoldselleri , * radiser og andre spiselige rodfrugter : * ex II . Guleroedder og turnips : * _ guleroedder : * _ i perioden 1 . januar _ 31 . marts * 60 * _ i perioden 1 . april _ 15 . maj * 60 ( c ) * S . Soed peber : * 50 ( d ) * ex T . Andre varer : * _ auberginer i perioden 1 . oktober _ 30 . november * 1978 * 60 ( e ) 08.04 * Druer , friske eller toerrede : * A . Friske druer : * I . Til spisebrug : * ex a ) I perioden 1 . november _ 14 . juli : * _ i perioden 8 . juni _ 14 . juli 1978 * 60 ( f ) * _ i perioden 8 . juni _ 14 . juli 1979 * 60 ( g ) * ex b ) I perioden 15 . juli _ 31 . oktober : * _ i perioden 15 . juli _ 10 . august 1978 * 60 ( f ) * _ i perioden 15 . juli _ 31 . juli 1979 * 60 ( g ) ( 1 ) Denne indroemmelse er betinget af , at der vedtages faellesskabsbestemmelser for nye kartofler . ( a ) Inden for rammerne af et faellesskabstoldkontingent paa 75 000 tons ( 1978 ) . ( b ) Inden for rammerne af et faellesskabstoldkontingent paa 60 000 tons ( 1979 ) . ( c ) Inden for rammerne af et faellesskabstoldkontingent paa 2 500 tons ( 1978 ) og 2 300 tons ( 1979 ) . ( d ) Inden for rammerne af et faellesskabstoldkontingent paa 300 tons ( 1978 ) og 250 tons ( 1979 ) . ( e ) Inden for rammerne af et faellesskabstoldkontingent paa 300 tons ( 1978 ) og 250 tons ( 1979 ) . ( f ) Inden for rammerne af et samlet faellesskabstoldkontingent paa 7 500 tons ( 1978 ) . ( g ) Inden for rammerne af et samlet faellesskabstoldkontingent paa 7 000 tons ( 1979 ) . 2 . Saafremt stk . 1 ikke finder anvendelse paa et helt kalenderaar eller paa en hel kalenderperiode som naevnt i stk . 1 , aabnes det paagaeldende kontingent " pro rata temporis " . 3 . De i stk . 1 fastsatte nedsaettelsessatser finder anvendelse paa den told , som faktisk anvendes over for tredjelande . AFSNIT II Almindelige og afsluttende bestemmelser Artikel 3 Denne protokol udgoer en integrerende del af aftalen om oprettelse af en associering mellem Det europaeiske oekonomiske Faellesskab og republikken Cypern . Artikel 4 1 . Denne protokol skal ratificeres , godkendes eller approberes i overensstemmelse med de kontraherende parters egne procedurer ; parterne giver hinanden notifikation om gennemfoerelsen af de procedurer , der er noedvendige i saa henseende . 2 . Denne protokol traeder i kraft den foerste dag i den maaned , der foelger efter den maaned , i hvilken de i stk . 1 naevnte notifikationer er sket . Den finder anvendelse indtil 31 . december 1979 . Artikel 5 Denne protokol er udfaerdiget i to eksemplarer paa dansk , engelsk , fransk , italiensk , nederlandsk og tysk , idet hver af disse tekster har samme gyldighed . Til bekraeftelse heraf har undertegnede befuldmaegtigede underskrevet denne protokol . Zu Urkund dessen haben die unterzeichneten Bevollmaechtigten ihre Unterschriften unter dieses Protokoll gesetzt . In witness whereof , the undersigned Plenipotentiaries have affixed their signatures below this Protocol . En foi de quoi , les plénipotentiaires soussignés ont apposé leurs signatures auf bas du présent protocole . In fede di che , i plenipotenziari sottoscritti hanno apposto le loro firme in calce al presente protocollo . Ten blijke waarvan de ondergetekende gevolmachtigden hun handtekening onder dit Protocol hebben gesteld . Udfaerdiget i Bruxelles , den ellevte maj nitten hundrede og otteoghalvfjerds . Geschehen zu Bruessel am elften Mai neunzehnhundertachtundsiebzig . Done at Brussels on the eleventh day of May in the year one thousand nine hundred and seventy-eight . Fait à Bruxelles , le onze mai mil neuf cent soixante-dix-huit . Fatto a Bruxelles , addi undici maggio millenovecento-settantotto . Gedaan te Brussel , elf mei negentienhonderd achtenzeventig . For Raadet for De europaeiske Faellesskaber Fuer den Rat der Europaeischen Gemeinschaften For the Council of the European Communities Pour le Conseil des Communautés européennes Per il Consiglio delle Comunità Europee Voor de Raad van de Europese Gemeenschappen For regeringen for republikken Cypern Fuer die Regierung der Republik Zypern For the Government of the Republic of Cyprus Pour le gouvernement de la république de Chypre Per il governo della Repubblica di Cipro Voor de Regering van de Republiek Cyprus SLUTAKT De befuldmaegtigede for Raadet for De europaeiske Faellesskaber og for praesidenten for republikken Cypern forsamlet i Bruxelles den ellevte maj nitten hundrede og otteoghalvfjerds med henblik paa undertegnelsen af : _ tillaegsprotokollen til aftalen om oprettelse af en associering mellem Det europaeiske oekonomiske Faellesskab og republikken Cypern , _ protokollen om fastsaettelse af visse bestemmelser for samhandelen med landbrugsvarer mellem Det europaeiske oekonomiske Faellesskab og republikken Cypern , I . har ved undertegnelsen af tillaegsprotokollen til aftalen om oprettelse af en associering mellem Det europaeiske oekonomiske Faellesskab og republikken Cypern og protokollen om fastsaettelse af visse bestemmelser for samhandelen med landbrugsvarer mellem Det europaeiske oekonomiske Faellesskab og republikken Cypern vedtaget faelleserklaeringen fra de kontraherende parter vedroerende artikel 2 i tillaegsprotokollen og artikel 2 i protokollen om fastsaettelse af visse bestemmelser for samhandelen med landbrugsvarer ; II . har ved undertegnelsen af tillaegsprotokollen taget brevvekslingen vedroerende indfoersel i Faellesskabet af konserverede frugtsalater med oprindelse i Cypern til efterretning . Faelleserklaering fra de kontraherende parter vedroerende artikel 2 i tillaegsprotokollen og artikel 2 i protokollen om fastsaettelse af visse bestemmelser for samhandelen med landbrugsvarer De kontraherende parter er enige om , at med forbehold af ivaerksaettelsen af bestemmelserne i artikel 22 , stk . 2 , foerste afsnit , i forordning ( EOEF ) nr . 1035/72 indfoeres de varer , der er anfoert i artikel 2 i tillaegsprotokollen og i artikel 2 i protokollen om fastsaettelse af visse bestemmelser for samhandelen med landbrugsvarer , og som er anfoert i bilag III til den paagaeldende forordning , i Faellesskabet uden kvantitative restriktioner eller foranstaltninger med tilsvarende virkning i den periode , i hvilken toldnedsaettelserne finder anvendelse . Brevveksling mellem Det europaeiske oekonomiske Faellesskab og republikken Cypern vedroerende indfoersel i Faellesskabet af konserverede frugtsalater med oprindelse i Cypern Hr . ... ! Med henblik paa gennemfoerelsen af den nedsaettelse af tolden i den faelles toldtarif paa 55 % , som er fastsat i artikel 3 i tillaegsprotokollen mellem Det europaeiske oekonomiske Faellesskab og republikken Cypern , og som foelge af den gensidige afklaring af de betingelser , under hvilke indfoersel i Faellesskabet af konserverede frugtsalater henhoerende under pos . 20.06 B II a ) ex 9 og 20.06 B II b ) ex 9 i den faelles toldtarif og med oprindelse i Cypern finder sted , skal jeg herved meddele Dem , at Cyperns regering forpligter sig til at traeffe alle noedvendige foranstaltninger for at sikre , at de aarlige maengder , der leveres til Faellesskabet , ikke overstiger 50 tons . Saafremt datoen for denne indroemmelses ikrafttraeden ikke falder sammen med kalenderaarets begyndelse , beregnes maengderne " pro rata temporis " . Med henblik herpaa erklaerer Cyperns regering , at samtlige udfoersler til Faellesskabet af de paagaeldende varer udelukkende vil ske gennem eksportoerer , hvis forretninger kontrolleres af ministeriet for handel og industri . Garantierne vedroerende maengderne vil blive opfyldt i henhold til de bestemmelser , der er vedtaget mellem ministeriet for handel og industri og Generaldirektoratet for landbrug i Kommissionen for De europaeiske Faellesskaber . Jeg ville vaere Dem taknemmelig , saafremt De over for mig vil bekraefte , at Faellesskabet er indforstaaet med det ovenfor anfoerte . Modtag , hr . ... , forsikringen om min mest udmaerkede hoejagtelse . For republikken Cyperns regering Hr . ... ! Jeg har den aere hermed at anerkende modtagelsen af Deres skrivelse af dags dato med foelgende ordlyd : " Med henblik paa gennemfoerelsen af den nedsaettelse af tolden i den faelles toldtarif paa 55 % , som er fastsat i artikel 3 i tillaegsprotokollen mellem Det europaeiske oekonomiske Faellesskab og republikken Cypern , og som foelge af den gensidige afklaring af de betingelser , under hvilke indfoersel i Faellesskabet af konserverede frugtsalater henhoerende under pos . 20.06 B II a ) ex 9 og 20.06 B II b ) ex 9 i den faelles toldtarif og med oprindelse i Cypern finder sted , skal jeg herved meddele Dem , at Cyperns regering forpligter sig til at traeffe alle noedvendige foranstaltninger for at sikre , at de aarlige maengder , der leveres til Faellesskabet , ikke overstiger 50 tons . Saafremt datoen for denne indroemmelses ikrafttraeden ikke falder sammen med kalenderaarets begyndelse , beregnes maengderne " pro rata temporis " . Med henblik herpaa erklaerer Cyperns regering , at samtlige udfoersler til Faellesskabet af de paagaeldende varer udelukkende vil ske gennem eksportoerer , hvis forretninger kontrolleres af ministeriet for handel og industri . Garantierne vedroerende maengderne vil blive opfyldt i henhold til de bestemmelser , der er vedtaget mellem ministeriet for handel og industri og Generaldirektoratet for landbrug i Kommissionen for De europaeiske Faellesskaber . Jeg ville vaere Dem taknemmelig , saafremt De over for mig vil bekraefte , at Faellesskabet er indforstaaet med det ovenfor anfoerte . " Jeg kan over for Dem bekraefte , at Faellesskabet er indforstaaet med det ovenfor anfoerte , og foelgelig erklaere , at nedsaettelsen paa 55 % af tolden i den faelles toldtarif vil gaelde for de aarlige maengder af konserverede frugtsalater med oprindelse i Cypern , som omhandles i Deres skrivelse . Modtag , hr . ... , forsikringen om min mest udmaerkede hoejagtelse . Paa vegne Raadet for De europaeiske Faellesskaber


type: wikipedia

text:
Båtsman eller kronobåtsman var en militär som i det svenska indelningsverket tilldelades örlogsflottan för tjänstgöring ombord, och som för sitt uppehälle tilldelades ett båtsmanstorp.
 I Blekinge och Södra Möre härad i Småland fanns enbart indelta båtsmän och dessa var indelade i rusthåll. I stort sett höll varje gård en båtsman. I kusttrakterna i övriga riket fanns kompanier med roterade båtsmän. Två eller flera gårdar gick samman och bildade en rote. I dessa socknar fanns även indelta soldater av olika slag. Det fanns ersättare för rotebåtsmän, så kallade fördubblingsbåtsmän.
 Rusthållet eller roten betalade årlig lön, kläder och stod för ett båtsmanstorp med tillhörande odlingsbar mark. Ibland ingick vissa förmåner, som utsäde eller annat.
 Se även
 Rotering
 Indelta armén
 Skeppslag
 Båtsmansstugorna i Västervik
 Båtsmanstorp
 Källor
 Externa länkar
 Blekinge båtsmansregister Blekinge släktforskarförening
 Båtsmanshållet i Sverige av Hans Högman
 Blekinge och Södra Möre båtsmän på Ostkanten
 från Marinmuseum
 Militära grader i svenska flottan
 da:Bådsmand
 de:Bootsmann
 el:Ναύκληρος
 en:Boatswain
 fr:Bosco (vocabulaire maritime)
 it:Nostromo
 lt:Laivūnas
 nl:Volmatroos
 no:Båtsmann
 ru:Боцман


text:
Karl Friedrich Titho (* 14. Mai 1911 in Feldrom im Fürstentum Lippe; † 18. Juni 2001 in Horn-Bad Meinberg) war Mitglied der SS und im Zweiten Weltkrieg Kommandant vom Durchgangslager Fossoli und vom Durchgangslager Bozen.
 Karriere in der SS
 Titho trat 1932 in die SS und am 1. Mai 1933 in die NSDAP ein. Den Stützpunkt Veldrom/Feldrom/Kempen leitete er ab dem 25. März 1935. 1942 wurde Titho in das Durchgangslager Amersfoort versetzt, das unter Wilhelm Harsters Leitung stand. Anfang April gehörte Titho zu einem SS-Kommando, das unter Leitung von Erich Deppner mindestens 65 sowjetische Kriegsgefangene exekutierte. Die Erschießungen sollen vom Reichsführer SS und Chef der Deutschen Polizei Heinrich Himmler angeordnet worden sein. Im Januar 1943 wurde Titho als erster Kraftfahrer ins KZ Herzogenbusch verlegt. Hier wurden bis September 1943 etwa 12.000 Gefangene untergebracht und mindestens 10.500 weiter in das KZ Auschwitz-Birkenau und in andere Vernichtungslager deportiert.
 Im September 1943 wurde Tithos Vorgesetzter Wilhelm Harster zum Befehlshaber der Sicherheitspolizei und des SD Italien versetzt. Er nahm Titho als Chauffeur mit. Bevor Titho am 15. Mai 1944 zum Leiter des Durchgangslagers Fossoli ernannt wurde, beförderte Harster ihn zum SS-Untersturmführer.
 Nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg
 Nach dem Krieg wurde Titho in Bozen von US-amerikanischen Truppen gefangen genommen. Bis September 1946 war er in Vught, dann in Wolfsberg (Kärnten), unter der Aufsicht der englischen Kriegsverbrecherkommission Südeuropa, ab Juli 1948 im ehemaligen Stalag XI B in Fallingbostel inhaftiert. Von dort entlassen, wurde er 1949 erneut festgenommen und blieb bis zu seinen Prozessen in den Niederlanden in Haft.
 Ein Auslieferungsgesuch Italiens an die amerikanischen Alliierten lehnten die Briten zweimal ab. Ein niederländisches Sondergericht verurteilte Titho am 21. Mai 1951 in Utrecht zu einem Jahr Haft wegen Misshandlungen von Gefangenen in ’s-Hertogenbosch. Drei Tage später verurteilte ihn das gleiche Gericht zu sechs Jahren Haft wegen der Erschießungen in Amersfoort im April 1942. Am 29. März 1953 wurde Titho nach Deutschland abgeschoben; unter Anrechnung seiner Kriegsgefangenschaft und Untersuchungshaft hatte er sieben Jahre in Haft verbracht.
 Von Italien aus erging am 10. Juni 1954 ein erneuter Haftbefehl gegen Titho, Hans Haage, Michael Seifert und andere wegen dort begangener Kriegsverbrechen. Nach Artikel 16 des Grundgesetzes durfte kein Deutscher ans Ausland ausgeliefert werden, weshalb Deutschland bei Titho und Haage die Auslieferung verweigerte. Seitdem lebte er bis zu seinem Tod 2001 in Horn-Bad Meinberg. Das italienische Staatsfernsehen sendete eine Dokumentation über Titho.
 Quellen
 Justiz und NS-Verbrechen, Sammlung deutscher Strafurteile wegen nationalsozialistischer Tötungsverbrechen 1945–1966 Band XIX, University Press Amsterdam (UPA) BV, Amsterdam 1978.
 Justiz und NS-Verbrechen, Dokumentation niederländischer Strafurteile wegen nationalsozialistischer Tötungsverbrechen, University Press Amsterdam (UPA) BV, Amsterdam 1978
 Staatsarchiv Detmold, Einstellungsverfügung des Militärgerichts La Spezia vom 10. November 1999 gegen Titho.
 Weblinks
 Arbeitsgemeinschaft Fossoli
 Beitrag im WDR
 NSDAP-Mitglied
 SS-Mitglied
 NS-Lagerkommandant
 Personal im KZ Herzogenbusch
 Person (deutsche Besetzung Italiens 1943–1945)
 Verurteilte Person (NS-Kriegsverbrechen)
 Deutscher
 Mann
 Geboren 1911
 Gestorben 2001
 Person (Horn-Bad Meinberg)


text:
DVD je optički disk koji se koristi kao vrsta medija za visokokvalitetno pohranjivanje podataka, a u masovnoj upotrebi uglavnom služi za pohranu filmova. DVD je izvorno bila kratica za digital video disc, iako neki od članova DVD Foruma tvrde da bi zapravo trebala značiti digital versatile disc (engleski: svestrani digitalni disk), kako bi se ukazalo na potencijal takvih diskova u pohranjivanju aplikacija koje nisu vizualne. DVD diskovi su izgledom i veličinom gotovo u potpunosti identični CD-ima.
 Povijest
 1990 stvorena su dva standarda guste pohrane podataka: MultiMedia Compact Disk (MMCD) tvrtki Philips i Sony, i drugi Super Density disc (SD) koji su podržavale tvrtke Matsushita Electric, Hitachi, Mitsubishi Electric, Pioneer, Thomson i JVC: IBM-ov predsjednik, Lou Gerstner, predvidjevši skupi rat u formatima (kao onaj između VHS-a i Betamax-a, 1980-ih) predvodio je u naporima da se dva protivničk kampa ujedine iza jednog standarda.
 Philips i Sony tako napuštaju svoj MMCD format i posvećuju se Toshibinom SD formatu, uz dvije modifikacije. Prva je prihvaćanje takve geometrije udubljenja koja omogućuje “push-pull” traženje, što je patentirana Philips/Sony tehnologija. Druga modifikacija je prihvaćanje EFMPlus tehnologije Kees-a Immink-a, također autora EFM tehnologije, koja je 6% manje učinkovita od Toshibina SD code-a, što je rezultiralo kapacitetom od 4.7GB umjesto originalnih SD-ovih 5GB. Velika prednost EFMPlus tehnologije je velika otpornost na oštećenja. Rezultat je bila DVD specifikacija Verzija 1.5, predstavljena 1995 i završena u rujnu 1996, a u svibnju 1997, DVD konzorcij je zamijenio DVD forum koji je otvoren svim kompanijama.
 Dolazak DVD formata najavljen je u rujnu 1995., a njegova prva službena specifikacija je predstavljena godinu dana kasnije. O održavanju razvoja DVD-a brine se DVD Forum, koji se sastoji od 10 osnivačkih kompanija i više od 220 dodatnih članova. Prvi DVD playeri i diskovi na japanskom su se tržištu pojavili u studenom 1996., a u SAD-u su u prodaju ušli u ožujku 1997.
 DVD uređaji u početku su bili vrlo skupi, te su stajali više od današnjih 500 eura, ali u proljeće 1999. njihova je cijena po prvi put pala ispod 300 američkih dolara, te su se zajedno s diskovima počeli prodavati i u prodavaonicama s mješovitom robom. Tada su činili tek malen dio prodaje u odnosu na VHS kasete, ali danas je situacija obrnuta i DVD-i uvjerljivo čine većinu prodaje, u nekim državama čak i više od 90 %, te polako iskorijenjuju u odnosu na njih glomazne, niskokapacitetne i zastarjele VHS kasete. DVD diskove i playere danas je moguće kupiti u gotovo svim većim prodavaonicama, a njihove su cijene počele padati do ili čak ispod nivoa VHS uređaja i kaseta. Tako se jeftiniji DVD playeri mogu kupiti i za manje od 300 kuna, a u posljednje vrijeme popularna je postala i mogućnost kupnje filmova na DVD-u uz dnevne novine za svega tridesetak kuna.
 2000. japanska tvrtka Sony u prodaju je pustila igraću konzolu PlayStation 2 za koju je u dopuni na mogućnost igranja videoigara razvila i sustav koji omogućuje gledanje DVD-ova, što se u Japanu pokazalo punim pogotkom jer je konzola tada bila puno jeftinija od većine DVD playera dostupnih na tom tržištu. Kao rezultat toga, mnoge prodavaonice s elektroničkom robom su prodavale PlayStation 2, iako se inače nisu bavile prodajom igraćih konzola. Godinu dana nakon pojavljivanja, PlayStation 2 je dobio odgovor od Microsofta, koji je na tržište uveo igraću konzolu Xbox s mogućnošću prikazivanja DVD-ova uz ugradnju dodatne opreme.
 Tvrtka Sony je na svojoj konzoli PlayStation 3 uvela mogućnost prikazivanja Blu-ray diskova, nasljednika DVD-a.
 Vrste DVD-ova
 DVD-ROM
 DVD-5 ima jednostrani zapis i kapacitet 4.7 GB.
 DVD-9 ima dvoslojni jednostrani zapis i kapacitet 9 GB.
 DVD-10 ima obostrani dvoslojni zapis i kapacitet 10 GB.
 DVD-18 ima obostrani dvoslojni zapis i kapacitet 18 GB.
 DVD-R ima kapacitet 4.7 GB, a diskovi služe za jednokratno snimanje.
 DVD-RW ima kapacitet 4.7 GB, a diskovi pružaju i mogućnost presnimavanja snimljenog materijala.
 DVD-RAM zahtijeva posebnu jedinicu za čitanje diskova s 4.7 ili 9.4 GB snimljenog materijala, a takvi diskovi su tipično smješteni u plastičnom kućištu. Diskovi s 2.6 GB kapaciteta mogu biti izvađeni iz kućišta i korišteni u DVD-ROM jedinici. Najveći kapacitet je 9.4 GB.
 DVD+R ima jednostrani jednoslojni zapis i kapacitet 4.7 GB, a diskovi služe za jednokratno snimanje.
 DVD+RW ima kapacitet 4.7 GB, a diskovi pružaju i mogućnost presnimavanja, te njihov sadržaj može biti prikazan i na standardnom DVD playeru.
 DVD+R DL diskovi su izvedeni iz onih DVD+R, a koriste dvoslojni zapis, te služe za jednokratno snimanje do 8.5 GB podataka.
 DVD-i s mogućnošću snimanja
 HP je prvi proizveo DVD s mogućnošću zapisa, zbog potrebe za medijem za back-up i prijenos.
 DVD-i s mogućnošću snimanja se također koriste za snimanje audio i video zapisa od strane korisnika.
 Postoje 3 formata: -/R/RW, +R/RW, i -RAM (random access memory) – format kod kojega se na disk zapisuje filesystem (dijeli se na sektore itd.), kod čega se smanjuje kapacitet medija, ali se omogućuje korištenje na sličan način kao i floppy diskete ili flash diska. Na medij ovoga formata može se mnogo više puta brisati/pisati nego kod RW formata.
 Višeslojno (multi-layer) snimanje
 Dual layer snimanje (snimanje na dva sloja) omogućuje DVD-R i DVD+R diskovima da pohrane značajno više podataka, do 8.5 GB po disku, umjesto 4.7 GB kao kod diskova s jednim slojem. DVD-R DL (dual-layer) je razvio Pioneer za DVD Forum, DVD+R DL je razvio Sony za DVD+RW Alliance.
 Dual Layer disk se razlikuje od običnog DVD-a primjenom drugog fizičkog sloja u samom disku, a laser s mogućnošću čitanja Dual Layer diskova penetrira kroz prvi, poluprozirni sloj da bi pročitao drugi.
 DVD-i s mogućnošću snimanja koji podržavaju ovu tehnologiju su unatrag kompatibilni s nekim postojećim DVD sviračima i DVD-ROM pogonima. Mnogi trenutni DVD snimači podržavaju Dual Layer tehnologiju i cijena takvih diskova je bliska cijeni DVD-a s jednim slojem za zapisivanjem, ali Dual Layer diskovi za zapisivanje su ipak značajno skuplji.
 Zaštita
 DVD-Audio diskovi sadržavaju jaku zaštitu od kopiranja zvanu Content Protection for Prerecorded Media (CPPM) koju je razvila 4C grupa (IBM, Intel, Matsushita, i Toshiba). CCPM se može zaobići capturingom dekodiranog audio toka u PCM formatu, ali pozadinski zaštitni algoritmi, enkripcijski algoritmi i enkripcijski ključevi još nisu probijeni.
 Pogledaj također
 Usporedba optičkih medija za pohranu podataka - Usporedba CDa, DVDa, HD-DVDa i Blu-ray Disca
 Optički mediji
 Kratice


text:
Booleova algebra je dio matematičke logike - algebarska struktura koja sažima osnovu operacija I, ILI i NE kao i skup teorijskih operacija kao što su unija, presjek i komplement. Booleova algebra je dobila naziv po tvorcu, Georgeu Booleu, britanskom matematičaru iz 19. stoljeća. Booleova algebra je, osim kao dio apstraktne algebre, izuzetno utjecajna kao matematički temelj računarskih znanosti.
 Operacije
 Njezine su glavne operacijske radnje konjunkcija, disjunkcija i negacija.
 Logička operacija I (konjunkcija)
 Konjunkcija (I, AND, logičko množenje) uključuje dvije logičke varijable (izjave) i istinita je samo ako su obje logičke izjave istinite.
 Operacija I predočuje se simbolima ᑎ, ᐱ, & ili ·. Najčešće se koristi simbol za množenje ·.
 Logička operacija ILI (disjunkcija)
 Disjunkcija (ILI, OR, logičko zbrajanje) uključuje dvije logičke varijable (izjave) i lažna je samo ako su obje logičke izjave lažne.
 Operacija ILI predočuje se simbolima ᑌ, ᐯ ili +. Najčešće se koristi simbol za zbrajanje +.
 Logička operacija NE (negacija)
 Negacija (NE, NOT) uključuje jednu logičku varijablu (izjavu) i istinita je ako je početna izjava neistinita.
 Operacija NE predočuje se simbolom ¬.
 Teoremi Booleove algebre
 Teoremi Booleove algebre omogućuju pojednostavljivanje složenih logičkih izraza. Teoremi su dokazivne tvrdnje, svaki od njih može se dokazati izrađujući tablicu stanja lijeve i desne strane jednakosti.
 <dl>
 <dl>
 <dl>
 <dl>
 Matematika
 Arhitektura računala


type: legislation

jurisdiction: EU

text:
 EUROPSKA KOMISIJA
 Bruxelles, 24.9.2020.
 COM(2020) 584 final
 2020/0270(NLE)
 Prijedlog
 ODLUKE VIJEĆA
 o stajalištu koje treba zauzeti u ime Europske unije u Odboru za partnerstvo osnovanom Sveobuhvatnim i pojačanim sporazumom o partnerstvu između Europske unije i Europske zajednice za atomsku energiju i njihovih država članica, s jedne strane, i Republike Armenije, s druge strane, u vezi s izmjenom popisa osoba koje će obavljati dužnost arbitra u postupcima rješavanja sporova
 OBRAZLOŽENJE
 1.Predmet prijedloga
 Ovaj se prijedlog odnosi na odluku o utvrđivanju stajališta koje treba zauzeti u ime Unije u Odboru za partnerstvo osnovanom Sveobuhvatnim i pojačanim sporazumom o partnerstvu između Europske unije i Europske zajednice za atomsku energiju i njihovih država članica, s jedne strane, i Republike Armenije, s druge strane („Sporazum”), u vezi s predviđenim donošenjem odluke o izmjeni popisa osoba koje će obavljati dužnost arbitra u postupcima rješavanja sporova.
 2.Kontekst prijedloga
 2.1.Sporazum
 Sporazumom se nastoji proširiti postojeća široka bilateralna suradnja u području gospodarstva, trgovine i politike te u sektorskim politikama, čime se osigurava dugoročni temelj za daljnji razvoj odnosa između EU-a i Armenije. Jačanjem političkog dijaloga i poboljšavanjem suradnje u nizu područja, Sporazum služi kao temelj za djelotvorniju bilateralnu suradnju s Armenijom.
 Odlukom Vijeća (EU) 2018/104 od 20. studenoga 2017. odobreno je potpisivanje Sporazuma i njegova privremena primjena u skladu s člankom 385. Sporazuma. Sporazum se privremeno primjenjuje od 1. lipnja 2018.
 2.2.Odbor za partnerstvo
 U skladu s člankom 363. stavkom 7. Sporazuma Odbor za partnerstvo sastaje se u posebnom sastavu kako bi riješio sva pitanja povezana s glavom VI. Sporazuma (Trgovina i pitanja povezana s trgovinom). U skladu s člankom 363. stavcima 1. i 6. Sporazuma Odbor za partnerstvo pomaže Vijeću za partnerstvo u obavljanju njegovih dužnosti i poslova. Ima ovlast donositi odluke u područjima za koja mu je Vijeće za partnerstvo prenijelo svoje ovlasti i u slučajevima predviđenima ovim Sporazumom. Te su odluke obvezujuće za stranke Sporazuma, koje poduzimaju odgovarajuće mjere za njihovu provedbu.
 2.3.Predviđeni akt Odbora za partnerstvo
 Arbitražnim postupkom iz glave VI. poglavlja 13. Sporazuma predviđeno je da ako stranke ne uspiju riješiti spor savjetovanjima, stranka koja je zatražila savjetovanja može zatražiti osnivanje arbitražnog vijeća. Člankom 339. stavkom 1. Sporazuma propisuje se da Odbor za partnerstvo na temelju prijedloga stranaka utvrdi popis od najmanje 15 osoba koje žele i mogu obavljati dužnost arbitra. Popis se sastoji od tri potpopisa: jednog potpopisa za svaku stranku i jednog potpopisa osoba koje nisu državljani nijedne stranke i koje mogu obavljati dužnost predsjednika arbitražnog vijeća. Na svakom potpopisu nalazi se najmanje pet osoba. Odbor za partnerstvo osigurava i da se popis uvijek vodi na toj razini.
 Arbitri i predsjednici koje su predložile Unija i Republika Armenija moraju imati specijalizirano stručno znanje u području prava, međunarodne trgovine i drugih pitanja povezanih s odredbama iz glave VI. Sporazuma te ispunjavati zahtjev neovisnosti kako je utvrđen u članku 339. stavku 2. Sporazuma.
 Na temelju toga popis arbitara utvrđen je odlukom koju je 17. listopada 2019. donio Odbor za partnerstvo u sastavu zaduženom za trgovinu. Međutim, jedan od pet kandidata arbitara iz Republike Armenije više ne ispunjava zahtjev neovisnosti naveden u članku 339. stavku 2. Sporazuma.
 Republika Armenija predložila je novog kandidata arbitra koji ima specijalizirano stručno znanje u području prava, međunarodne trgovine i drugih pitanja povezanih s odredbama iz glave VI. Sporazuma te se od njega očekuje da ispuni zahtjev neovisnosti kako je utvrđen u članku 339. stavku 2. Sporazuma.
 Stoga je svrha predviđenog akta utvrditi stajalište Unije u vezi s donošenjem odluke Odbora za partnerstvo o izmjeni popisa osoba koje žele i mogu obavljati dužnost arbitra u postupcima rješavanja sporova zamjenom jednog od pet kandidata arbitara iz Republike Armenije koji više ne ispunjava uvjete iz članka 339. stavka 2. Sporazuma novim kandidatom kojeg je predložila Republika Armenija.
 3.Stajalište koje treba zauzeti u ime Unije
 Cilj stajališta koje treba zauzeti u ime Unije jest izmijeniti popis osoba koje žele i mogu obavljati dužnost arbitra u postupcima rješavanja sporova.
 4.Pravna osnova
 4.1.Postupovna pravna osnova
 4.1.1.Načela
 Člankom 218. stavkom 9. Ugovora o funkcioniranju Europske unije (UFEU) predviđeno je donošenje odluka kojima se utvrđuju „stajališta koja u ime Unije treba donijeti tijelo osnovano na temelju sporazuma kada je to tijelo pozvano donositi akte koji proizvode pravne učinke, uz iznimku akata kojima se dopunjuje ili mijenja institucionalni okvir sporazuma”.
 4.1.2.Primjena na ovaj predmet
 Odbor za partnerstvo jest tijelo osnovano na temelju Sporazuma. Odluka koju Odbor za partnerstvo treba donijeti bit će obvezujuća prema međunarodnom pravu u skladu s člankom 363. stavkom 6. Sporazuma. Predviđenim aktom ne dopunjuje se niti mijenja institucionalni okvir Sporazuma. Stoga je postupovna pravna osnova za predloženu odluku članak 218. stavak 9. UFEU-a.
 4.2.Materijalna pravna osnova
 4.2.1.Načela
 Materijalna pravna osnova za odluku na temelju članka 218. stavka 9. UFEU-a prije svega ovisi o cilju i sadržaju predviđenog akta o kojemu se zauzima stajalište u ime Unije.
 4.2.2.Primjena na ovaj predmet
 Glavni cilj i sadržaj predviđenog akta odnose se na osiguravanje provedbe zajedničke trgovinske politike Unije.
 Stoga materijalnu pravnu osnovu predložene odluke čine članak 207. stavak 3. i članak 207. stavak 4. prvi podstavak.
 4.3.Zaključak
 Pravna osnova predložene odluke trebali bi biti članak 207. stavak 3. i članak 207. stavak 4. prvi podstavak, u vezi s člankom 218. stavkom 9. UFEU-a.
 2020/0270 (NLE)
 Prijedlog
 ODLUKE VIJEĆA
 o stajalištu koje treba zauzeti u ime Europske unije u Odboru za partnerstvo osnovanom Sveobuhvatnim i pojačanim sporazumom o partnerstvu između Europske unije i Europske zajednice za atomsku energiju i njihovih država članica, s jedne strane, i Republike Armenije, s druge strane, u vezi s izmjenom popisa osoba koje će obavljati dužnost arbitra u postupcima rješavanja sporova
 VIJEĆE EUROPSKE UNIJE,
 uzimajući u obzir Ugovor o funkcioniranju Europske unije, a posebno njegov članak 207. stavak 4. prvi podstavak u vezi s člankom 218. stavkom 9.,
 uzimajući u obzir prijedlog Europske komisije,
 budući da:
 (1)Sveobuhvatni i pojačani sporazum o partnerstvu između Europske unije i Europske zajednice za atomsku energiju i njihovih država članica, s jedne strane, i Republike Armenije, s druge strane
 1
 („Sporazum”) potpisan je u ime Unije u skladu s Odlukom Vijeća (EU) 2018/104
 2
 i privremeno se primjenjuje od 1. lipnja 2018.
 (2)Na temelju članka 339. stavka 1. Sporazuma Odbor za partnerstvo utvrdio je na sastanku 17. listopada 2019. popis od 15 osoba koje žele i mogu obavljati dužnost arbitra („popis arbitara”).
 (3)Armenija je obavijestila Uniju da jedan od arbitara kojeg je predložila više ne ispunjava uvjete utvrđene u članku 339. stavku 2. Sporazuma te bi ga stoga trebalo zamijeniti.
 (4)Kako bi se osiguralo funkcioniranje odredaba Sporazuma koje se privremeno primjenjuju, Odbor za partnerstvo treba donijeti odluku o izmjeni popisa arbitara.
 (5)Primjereno je utvrditi stajalište koje u ime Unije treba zauzeti u Odboru za partnerstvo jer će nacrt odluke biti obvezujući za Uniju,
 DONIJELO JE OVU ODLUKU:
 Članak 1.
 Stajalište koje u ime Unije treba zauzeti u okviru Odbora za partnerstvo Sveobuhvatnog i pojačanog sporazuma o partnerstvu između Europske unije i Europske zajednice za atomsku energiju i njihovih država članica, s jedne strane, i Republike Armenije, s druge strane, u pogledu izmjene popisa osoba koje žele i mogu obavljati dužnost arbitra u skladu s člankom 339. stavcima 1. i 2. Sporazuma temelji se na nacrtu odluke Odbora za partnerstvo priloženom ovoj Odluci.
 Članak 2.
 Ova je Odluka upućena Komisiji.
 Sastavljeno u Bruxellesu,
 Za Vijeće
 Predsjednik
 (1)
 SL L 23, 26.1.2018., str. 4.
 (2)
 Odluka Vijeća (EU) 2018/104 od 20. studenoga 2017. o potpisivanju, u ime Unije, i privremenoj primjeni Sveobuhvatnog i pojačanog sporazuma o partnerstvu između Europske unije i Europske zajednice za atomsku energiju i njihovih država članica, s jedne strane, i Republike Armenije, s druge strane (SL L 23, 26.1.2018., str. 1.).
 ---documentbreak---
 EUROPSKA KOMISIJA
 Bruxelles, 24.9.2020.
 COM(2020) 584 final
 PRILOG
 Prijedlogu odluke Vijeća
 o stajalištu koje treba zauzeti u ime Europske unije u Odboru za partnerstvo osnovanom Sveobuhvatnim i pojačanim sporazumom o partnerstvu između Europske unije i Europske zajednice za atomsku energiju i njihovih država članica, s jedne strane, i Republike Armenije, s druge strane, u vezi s izmjenom popisa osoba koje će obavljati dužnost arbitra u postupcima rješavanja sporova
 NACRT
 ODLUKE BR. .../... ODBORA ZA PARTNERSTVO EU-A I ARMENIJE
 od ...
 o izmjeni popisa arbitara iz članka 339. Sveobuhvatnog i pojačanog sporazuma o partnerstvu između Europske unije i Europske zajednice za atomsku energiju i njihovih država članica, s jedne strane, i Republike Armenije, s druge strane
 ODBOR ZA PARTNERSTVO,
 uzimajući u obzir Sveobuhvatni i pojačani sporazum o partnerstvu između Europske unije i Europske zajednice za atomsku energiju i njihovih država članica, s jedne strane, i Republike Armenije, s druge strane („Sporazum”), a posebno njegov članak 339. stavak 1.
 budući da:
 (1)Odbor za partnerstvo je na sastanku održanom 17. listopada 2019. utvrdio popis od 15 osoba koje žele i mogu obavljati dužnost arbitra („popis arbitara”).
 (2)U skladu s člankom 339. stavkom 2. Sporazuma, osobe na popisu trebale bi biti neovisne, obavljati funkciju samostalno i ne smiju primati naputke od bilo koje organizacije ili vlade ili biti povezane s vladom bilo koje stranke te su dužne postupati u skladu s kodeksom ponašanja.
 (3)Armenija je obavijestila Uniju da jedan od arbitara kojeg je predložila više ne ispunjava uvjete utvrđene u članku 339. stavku 2. Sporazuma te je stoga predložila drugu osobu kao zamjenu.
 (4)Kako bi se osiguralo funkcioniranje odredaba Sporazuma koje se privremeno primjenjuju, Odbor za partnerstvo trebao bi izmijeniti popis arbitara.
 (5)Europska unija prihvaća da predložena osoba ispunjava uvjete iz članka 339. stavka 2. Sporazuma,
 DONIO JE OVU ODLUKU:
 Članak 1.
 Popis osoba koje žele i mogu obavljati dužnost arbitra utvrđen na temelju članka 339. stavka 1. Sporazuma zamjenjuje se popisom arbitara iz Priloga ovoj Odluci.
 Članak 2.
 Ova Odluka stupa na snagu na dan donošenja.
 Članak 3.
 Ova je Odluka sastavljena u dva primjerka na engleskom jeziku. Svaka stranka može osigurati prijevod na svoje službene jezike.
 Sastavljeno u ...
 Za Odbor za partnerstvo
 Predsjednik
 Tajnici
 PRILOG
 POPIS ARBITARA IZ ČLANKA 339. SPORAZUMA
 Arbitri koje je predložila Europska unija
 1.Claus-Dieter EHLERMANN
 2.Giorgio SACERDOTI
 3.Jacques BOURGEOIS
 4.Pieter Jan KUIJPER
 5.Ramon TORRENT
 Arbitri koje je predložila Republika Armenija
 1.Nora SARGSYAN
 2.Arman SARGSYAN
 3.Arsen TAVADYAN
 4.Levon GEVORGYAN
 5.Mushegh MANUKYAN
 Predsjednici
 1.William DAVEY (SAD
 2.Helge SELAND (Norveška)
 3.Maryse ROBERT (Kanada)
 4.Christian HÄBERLI (Švicarska)
 5.Merit JANOW (SAD)


text:
Paamiut (danska: Frederikshåb), är en stad i området Västra Grönland på Grönland som fram till 1 januari 2009 en egen kommun. Efter en stor kommunreform i Grönland ingår Paamiut nu i Sermersooq kommun (på grönländska: Kommuneqarfik Sermersooq). Paamiut ligger vid mynningen av fjorden Kuannersooq, och det framgår också av stadens namn som på grönländska betyder "de som bor vid mynningen". Staden hade 1 januari 2016 cirka invånare. Till den före detta kommunen hörde även byn Arsuk. Även denna ingår nu i Sermersooq.
 Havet vid Paamiut är isfritt under hela året eftersom en gren av Golfströmmen passerar förbi här. Invånarna i Paamiut och bygden Arsuk arbetar främst som fiskare och jägare. Isbergen från Grönlands ostkust som följer strömmarna upp längs västkusten på hösten är ofta rika på säl.
 Historia
 Området kring Paamiut har varit bebott sedan 1500 BC. Handelsstationen Frederikshaab grundades år 1742 av Jacob Severin och uppkallades efter danska kronprinsen, senare kungen Frederik V.
 Samhället försörjde sig på handel med skinn och valprodukter och blev känt för figurer i täljsten. Stadens kyrka från år 1909 är av trä och byggd i norsk stil. Torskfångst och fiskindustri var viktigt från 1950-talet till 1989 när bolaget gick konkurs.
 Danska kronprinsen med familj besökte Paamuit på en officiell resa till Grönland, sommaren 2014.
 Källor
 Externa länkar
 - Officiell webbplats
 Orter på Grönland


text:
 17.4.2015
 SL
 Uradni list Evropske unije
 L 100/75
 IZVEDBENA UREDBA KOMISIJE (EU) 2015/605
 z dne 16. aprila 2015
 o določitvi standardnih uvoznih vrednosti za določitev uvozne cene za nekatere vrste sadja in zelenjave
 EVROPSKA KOMISIJA JE –
 ob upoštevanju Pogodbe o delovanju Evropske unije,
 ob upoštevanju Uredbe (EU) št. 1308/2013 Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta z dne 17. decembra 2013 o vzpostavitvi skupne ureditve trgov kmetijskih proizvodov in razveljavitvi uredb Sveta (EGS) št. 922/72, (EGS) št. 234/79, (ES) št. 1037/2001 in (ES) št. 1234/2007 (1),
 ob upoštevanju Izvedbene uredbe Komisije (EU) št. 543/2011 z dne 7. junija 2011 o določitvi podrobnih pravil za uporabo Uredbe Sveta (ES) št. 1234/2007 za sektorja sadja in zelenjave ter predelanega sadja in zelenjave (2) ter zlasti člena 136(1) Izvedbene uredbe,
 ob upoštevanju naslednjega:
 (1)
 Izvedbena uredba (EU) št. 543/2011 na podlagi izida večstranskih trgovinskih pogajanj urugvajskega kroga določa merila, po katerih Komisija določi standardne vrednosti za uvoz iz tretjih držav za proizvode in obdobja iz dela A Priloge XVI k tej uredbi.
 (2)
 Standardna uvozna vrednost se izračuna vsak delovni dan v skladu s členom 136(1) Izvedbene uredbe (EU) št. 543/2011 ob upoštevanju spremenljivih dnevnih podatkov. Zato bi morala ta uredba začeti veljati na dan objave v Uradnem listu Evropske unije –
 SPREJELA NASLEDNJO UREDBO:
 Člen 1
 Standardne uvozne vrednosti iz člena 136 Izvedbene uredbe (EU) št. 543/2011 so določene v Prilogi k tej uredbi.
 Člen 2
 Ta uredba začne veljati na dan objave v Uradnem listu Evropske unije.
 Ta uredba je v celoti zavezujoča in se neposredno uporablja v vseh državah članicah.
 V Bruslju, 16. aprila 2015
 Za Komisijo
 V imenu predsednika
 Jerzy PLEWA
 Generalni direktor za kmetijstvo in razvoj podeželja
 (1) UL L 347, 20.12.2013, str. 671.
 (2) UL L 157, 15.6.2011, str. 1.
 PRILOGA
 Standardne uvozne vrednosti za določitev uvozne cene za nekatere vrste sadja in zelenjave
 (EUR/100 kg)
 Oznaka KN
 Oznaka tretje države (1)
 Standardna uvozna vrednost
 0702 00 00
 MA
 102,2
 SN
 185,4
 TR
 120,5
 ZZ
 136,0
 0707 00 05
 AL
 92,7
 MA
 176,1
 TR
 136,5
 ZZ
 135,1
 0709 93 10
 MA
 76,4
 TR
 145,9
 ZZ
 111,2
 0805 10 20
 EG
 46,7
 IL
 71,8
 MA
 57,1
 TN
 61,8
 TR
 72,3
 ZZ
 61,9
 0805 50 10
 MA
 57,3
 ZZ
 57,3
 0808 10 80
 BR
 88,6
 CL
 113,3
 CN
 100,9
 MK
 29,8
 NZ
 134,9
 US
 209,1
 ZA
 122,2
 ZZ
 114,1
 0808 30 90
 AR
 108,9
 CL
 160,5
 ZA
 142,4
 ZZ
 137,3
 (1) Nomenklatura držav, določena v Uredbi Komisije (EU) št. 1106/2012 z dne 27. novembra 2012 o izvajanju Uredbe (ES) št. 471/2009 Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta o statistiki Skupnosti o zunanji trgovini z državami nečlanicami v zvezi s posodabljanjem nomenklature držav in ozemelj (UL L 328, 28.11.2012, str. 7). Oznaka „ZZ“ predstavlja „druga porekla“.


type: other

jurisdiction: US

text: b'\x0c INSPECfOR GENERAL\n\n\n\n\n UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION\n\n WASHINGTON, D.C. 20436\n\n\nSeptember 17, 1992\n\n\n UVIDf 01\' usncts LOCAL AlIA MI11IOIlt\n ADMINISr"\'!\'ION AND cotmlOLS\n\n\n\nDuring the last few years, the Commission has invested a substantial amount of\nmoney and effort into automating agency functions and specifically in\nimplementing the Local Area Network (LAN). The overall objective of this review\nwas to determine whether the Commission has implemented a program that ensures\neffective management and operation of the LAN system.\n\nThis review was conducted by Cotton & Company in accordance with the Government\nAuditing Standards issued by the Comptroller General of the United States. The\nresults of their review are presented as an attachment to this report. They\nfound that the Commission\'s procedures were sufficient, in all material respects,\nto provide for effective LAN administration and control.\n\nThe auditors had the following findings:\n\n Dial-up telephone access to the LAN is not properly secured;\n\n The LAN files for two offices are not backed up on weekends;\n\n A policy does not exist establishing a frequency standard for virus\n checking and the practice throughout the Commission is inconsistent;\n\n A formal system or procedures does not exist to identify the type\n and number of software packages purchased or in use which is needed\n to demonstrate compliance with Federal licensing statutes;\n\n A policy statement does not exist concerning the unauthorized use\n or duplication of copyrighted software;\n\n A disaster recovery or contingency plan does not exist for offsite\n operation of the LAN in the event of a catastrophic incident; and\n\n The LAN administrator\'s internal control responsibilities are not\n set forth in a formal statement.\n\x0cThree matters were noted for management\'s consideration. 1) Electronic access\nkeys issued to employees are not routinely deactivated upon termination of\nemploYment. 2) The LAN user manual does not contain current and complete user\ninformation. 3) Commission employees not in the Office of Administration\nreported a deterioration in the quality of LAN support, which we attribute at\nleast in part to the extended vacancy of the Chief position in the Office\nAutomation and Support Division.\n\nRecommendations relating to the findings are presented on pages 6 through 8 of\nthe report. In summary, we recommend that the Director of Administration\nimplement appropriate policies and procedures or take other needed actions\nconcerning call-back controls, weekend backups, virus scans, software inventory,\nunauthorized copying of software, disaster recovery (contingency) plans, and LAN\ninternal controls.\n\nThe Director of Administration generally agreed with the findings and\nrecommendations. A summary of the Director\'s comments on the findings and our\nresponses are presented on page 8 of the report. The Director\'s comments are\npresented in their entirety as an appendix to the report.\n\n\n ~\n ~:~ E. Altenhofe\n Inspector General\n\nAttachment\n\x0c TABLE OF CONTENTS\n\n\nAttachment Report on the Review of the USITC\'s Local Area Network\n Administration and Controls\n\nAppendix Memorandum from Director, Office of Administration,\n dated August 12, 1992, on Draft Report\n\x0c Attachment\n\n\n\n\n REPORT ON THE REVIEW OF THE\n UNITED STATES\n INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION\'S\n LOCAL AREA NETWORK\n ADMINISTRATION AND CONTROLS\n\n\n\n\nPrepared by:\n\n\nCotton & Company\nCertified Public Accountants\nAlexandria, Virginia\n\x0c COTTON Ptmuc\n &COMIJ\\NY CERTIFIED ACCOUNTANTS\n\n 100 Scum RoYAL STREET \xe2\x80\xa2 A1EANDRIA, VIRGINIA 22314 \xe2\x80\xa2 (703) 836-6701 \xe2\x80\xa2 TaocoPIER: (703)836-0941\n\nDAVlD L COTI\'ON, CPA 8RENoA N. 8uRzENsK1, CPA ROBERT L Fi...EsHER., CPA CATIiEJlINE L NOCERA., CPA\nCHARLES HAYWARD, CPA MJCHAEL W GIl.USPIE. CPA KEVIN P McFADDfN, CPA Ei..uN P REm. CPA\n\n\n\n\n June 4, 1992\n\n\n Ms. Jane E. Altenhofen\n Inspector General\n United States International Trade Commission\n 500 E Street, SW\n Washington, DC 20436\n\n Dear Ms. Altenhofen:\n\n We reviewed the United States International Trade Commission\'s (ITC)\n policies and procedures for managing its Local Area Network (LAN). Our\n overall objective was to determine if ITC has implemented a program that\n ensures effective management and operation of the LAN system. Specific\n objectives were to determine if ITC:\n\n \xe2\x80\xa2 Administrative Management: Effectively performs the basic\n management functions of planning, organizing, directing, and\n controlling LAN resources.\n\n \xe2\x80\xa2 Configuration Management: Maintains adequate documentation\n concerning the components and configuration of its LAN, imple-\n ments and enforces standards for network components and config-\n urations, and adequately controls changes to network components\n and configurations.\n\n \xe2\x80\xa2 Managing Network Availability and Performance: Establishes\n effective methods and procedures to ensure that network re-\n sources are available to users to the maximum extent needed and\n that network resources perform with needed speed, efficiency,\n and accuracy.\n\n \xe2\x80\xa2 Application Management: Maintains adequate documentation on\n its application software, implements standards and enforces\n licensing and copyright restrictions for software, and controls\n changes to its applications software.\n\n \xe2\x80\xa2 User Support: Provides effective user support through train-\n ing, ongoing technical support, and an information exchange\n program.\n\n\n\n\n MEMBER: AMaucAN lNS1TT1.JTE OF CERTIF1ED PUBUC ACCOll/lITANTS, DtvtSJON FOR FIRMS\n\x0c \xe2\x80\xa2 Cost: Maintains a control system that monitors LAN costs and\n determines the actual costs incurred to acquire, install, and\n operate the LAN.\n\n \xe2\x80\xa2 Security: Provides effective security over LAN information\n resources through a formal ADP security program incorporating\n written policies and procedures that meet Federal laws and\n regulations.\n\n We performed our review in accordance with generally accepted Government\nauditing standards. Our review included the tests and procedures we deemed\nnecessary to meet the review objectives described above.\n\n Our review was made for the limited purpose described above and, as such,\nwould not disclose all material weaknesses in lTC\'s internal control system.\nAccordingly, we do not express an opinion on lTC\'s internal control system\ntaken as a whole.\n\n Based on our review for the limited purposes described above, lTC\'s\nprocedures were sufficient, in all material respects, to provide for effective\nLAN administration and control. Our review did, however, disclose several\nconditions that we believe warrant corrective action. In addition, we noted\ncertain other matters for management\'s consideration. The review results are\ndescribed in detail in the accompanying report.\n\n We discussed our review results with the Director, Office of Information\nResource Management (OIRM); the acting chief of Office Automation Support\nDivision; the senior network administrator; the special assistant for OIRM\nplanning; and other headquarters personnel responsible for the overall\nmanagement of lTC\'s LAN.\n\n The accompanying report is intended solely for lTC\'s information and use\nand should be used for no other purpose.\n\n Very truly yours,\n\n COTTON & COMPANY\n\n\n\n By: _\n Kevin P. McFadden, CPA\n\x0c CONTENTS\n\n\n\n\n1 INTRODUCTION 1\n Background 1\n Objective 2\n Scope 2\n Methodology 2\n\n2 REVIEW RESULTS 4\n Findings 4\n Other Matters for Consideration 6\n Recommendations Regarding Findings 6\n Suggestions Regarding Other Matters for\n Consideration 8\n\n APPENDIX\n Commission\'s Response\n\x0c REPORT ON THE REVIEW OF THE\n UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION\'S\n LOCAL AREA NETWORK ADMINISTRATION AND CONTROLS\n\n PART 1. INTRODUCTION\n\n\n In this part, we discuss the review background, objective, scope, and\nmethodology.\n\n\nBACKGROUND\n\n The United States International Trade Commission (ITC) is an independent\nFederal agency with six commissioners, a staff of about 500, and Fiscal Years\n(FY) 1991 and 1992 budgets of $40,299,000 and $42,434,000, respectively.\n\n During the past few years, ITC has invested a substantial amount of money\nand effort into automating agency functions. Virtually every employee has a\npersonal computer linked to the Local Area Network (LAN) system, which became\noperational in 1988. 1 The primary LAN system is Banyan Vines. The Office of\nTariff Affairs and Trade Agreements (TATA) is currently connected to two LAN\nsystems, the Banyan Vines and Novell; the latter is in the process of being\nphased out. In December 1991, ITC issued A Five-Year Plan for Information\nResources Management that outlines major changes planned for the LAN.\n\n As of January 1992, the general-purpose LAN consisted of 11 Banyan file\nservers and approximately 470 personal computers as\xc2\xb7workstations. The system\nincludes two modem pools offering dial-out service to other facilities. A\nlimited dial-in service is also provided.\n\n The LAN supports a variety of office automation functions including word\nprocessing, electronic mail, spreadsheets, and end-user data-base applica-\ntions. The system contains unclassified and sensitive information, such as\nconfidential (proprietary) business information. Applications software\nincludes WordPerfect, Lotus Networker, dBase III, and Harvard Graphics. Users\nare given LAN training and a guide prior to using the system.\n\n As set forth in USITC Directive 1028.1, dated April 21, 1991, the Office\nof Information Resources Management (OIRM) is responsible for coordinating and\nmaintaining lTC\'s data collection, statistical support, public reporting, and\ninformation processing activities. Within DIRM, the Office Automation Support\nDivision is responsible for all network administration and office automation\ntechnical support. The network administration includes all LAN connectivity\nand communications interfaces with computer service bureaus and mainframes,\nnetwork hardware, software, maintenance, cabling, user support, and standards.\n\n\n\n\n IA LAN is a geographically confined computer-based communication system\ncapable of transmitting information or data between stations.\n\n 1\n\x0cTechnical support includes the installation, maintenance, and support for a\nwide range of end-user software and providing end-users with supplies and\nservices as needed.\n\n\nOBJECTIVE\n\n The overall objective of this review was to determine if ITC has imple-\nmented a program that ensures effective management and operation of the LAN\nsystem. The objective encompasses the following elements:\n\n \xe2\x80\xa2 Administrative management\n \xe2\x80\xa2 Configuration management\n \xe2\x80\xa2 Managing network availability and performance\n \xe2\x80\xa2 Application management\n \xe2\x80\xa2 User support\n \xe2\x80\xa2 Cost\n \xe2\x80\xa2 Security\n\n\n\n\n We conducted our review at ITC headquarters in Washington, DC, from May 5\nto June 4, 1992.\n\n We conducted numerous discussions with the senior network administrator\nand the special assistant for OIRM planning. We also met with other ITC\npersonnel responsible for the overall management of "lTC\'s LAN, including\nrepresentatives from the Offices of Industries, Investigations, Economics, and\nTATA.\n\n\nMETHODOLOGY\n\n We gathered data for our review through interviews and analyses of\npolicies, documents, and reports determined to be important to the process of\nmanaging lTC\'s LAN.\n\n The major guidelines and operating regulations we used to evaluate the\nmanagement and administration of lTC\'s LAN included the following criteria:\n\n \xe2\x80\xa2 Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Circular A-II, Prepa-\n ration and Submission of Budget Estimates, Section 43: Data on\n Acquisition, Operation, and Use of Information Technology\n Systems.\n\n \xe2\x80\xa2 OMB Circular A-l30, Management of Federal Information Resourc-\n es.\n\n \xe2\x80\xa2 General Services Administration\'s (GSA) Federal Information\n Resources Management Regulation (FIRMR) , Part 201-7, Security\n of Information Resource Systems.\n\n 2\n\x0c \xe2\x80\xa2 GSA\'s FIRMR Part 201-19, Section III, IRH Review Handbook,\n "Management of IRK Activities."\n\n \xe2\x80\xa2 5 Code of Federal Regulations, Subpart C, Section 930.301,\n Training Requirement.\n\n \xe2\x80\xa2 U.S. Department of Commerce National Bureau of Standards\'\n Federal Information Processing Standards Publication No. 112,\n "Password Usage."\n\n \xe2\x80\xa2 Computer Security Act of 1987 (Public Law 100-235, Section 5).\n\n \xe2\x80\xa2 Office of Personnel Management\'s Federal Personnel Hanual,\n Chapter 732, "Personnel Security."\n\n \xe2\x80\xa2 18 USCS \xc2\xa71030, pages 291-293, "Fraud and False Statements."\n\n \xe2\x80\xa2 Robert R. Moeller\'s Computer Audit, Control, and Security;\n Wiley, 1989; Chapter 4, "Controls in the Distributed Network,"\n and Chapter 11, "Auditing End User Computing General Controls."\n\n \xe2\x80\xa2 ITC Guidelines:\n\n \xe2\x80\xa2 Directive 1028.1, Office of Information Resources Manage-\n ment Mission and Function Statement, dated April 21, 1991.\n\n \xe2\x80\xa2 Directive 7102.1, Guidelines for Using the USITC Local\n Area Network for Electronic Mail and Bulletin Board Pur-\n poses, dated January 8, 1990.\n\n \xe2\x80\xa2 Directive 1360, Automated Data Security Procedures, dated\n June 27, 1988.\n\n \xe2\x80\xa2 Administrative Notice ITC-N-600l, Eating, Drinking, and\n Smoking While Operating ADP and Wang Equipment, dated\n November 28, 1986.\n\n \xe2\x80\xa2 Administrative Announcement USITC FY-91-40, Issuance of\n Identification Badges and Access to the Local Area Net-\n work, dated May IS, 1991.\n\n The review was conducted in accordance with the Comptroller General\'s\nGovernment Auditing Standards (1988 revision).\n\n\n\n\n 3\n\x0c REPORT ON THE REVIEW OF THE\n UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION\'S\n LOCAL AREA NENOn ADMINISTRATION AND CONTROLS\n\n PART 2: REVIEW RESULTS\n\n\n Our findings, other matters for consideration, conclusions, and recommen-\ndations are discussed in this part.\n\n\nFINDINGS\n\n We noted certain conditions related to the management and administration\nof lTC\'s LAN that warrant management\'s attention. These conditions are\ndiscussed below:\n\n1. Dial-in telephone access into the LAN is not properly secured. When a\n processing system provides "dial-in" access, industry standards stipulate\n that certain control features be used, including a dial-back system or\n similar modem restriction. ITC Directive 1360, Chapter B, Section 6,\n requires that dial-in access to stand-alone microcomputers containing CBl\n (Confidential Business Information) "contain additional securityl\n communications software which prompts the user for a sign-on password and\n activates a dial back feature." The !.AN contains CBI.\n\n At present, the potential exists for compromise of LAN security. We\n documented one case where an individual has dial-in access to the LAN via\n a modem on the workstation without the dial-back feature being activated.\n This same individual has complete access to all records, documents, and\n data stored on a file server.\n\n An unknown number of additional LAN users currently maintain dial-in\n access. LAN administrators do not know if they are using the dial-back\n feature. Further, it is possible for an individual user with a dial-in\n modem to completely bypass LAN security without LAN administrators being\n aware of it.\n\n Prior to our review, OIRM recognized this problem and proposed a solu-\n tion. We have incorporated certain aspects of its proposal into our\n recommendation.\n\n2. Because of the amount of work done on weekends, ITC has identified a need\n for a weekend back-up service. All file servers on the LAN have their\n weekend files backed up except for the Offices of Industries and Investi-\n gations. These offices have specifically requested weekend backup\n service; they have, however, denied OIRM access to the file servers\n because of the sensitive nature of the files. Without this access, OIRM\n cannot provide the needed weekend backup service. ITC Directive 1028.1\n makes OIRM responsible for prOViding this service.\n\n\n\n 4\n\x0c3. ITC does not have a policy describing a frequency standard for virus\n checking. Without a standard t no procedure exists to determine if the\n file servers\' scanning frequency is adequate. The file servers support-\n ed by OIRM are scanned 5 days a week, the Office of Investigations scans\n twice a week, and\xc2\xb7 the Office of Industries every 3 days. Without access\n to all file servers (as discussed in Finding No.2), OIRM cannot provide\n standardized virus checking. ITC Directive 1028.1 makes OIRK responsible\n for providing this service.\n\n4. ITC has no formal system or procedures to identify the type and number of\n software packages purchased or in use. Purchased software is not tracked\n in the personal property (or other control) system. As such, it cannot\n demonstrate compliance with Federal licensing statutes. A related\n negative effect of this condition is that ITC could lose available\n discounts when software upgrades are purchased, if it is unable to\n identify and document the number of original units purchased.\n\n5. No formal ITC statement of policy exists concerning the unauthorized use\n or duplication of copyrighted software by ITC employees. The US Code,\n Chapter 5, Copyright Infringement and Remedies, Title l7 Copyrights,\n t\n\n states: "Anyone who violates any of the exclusive rights of the copy-\n right owner ... is an infringer of the copyright." Computer software by\n its nature is easily duplicated. ITC has considered the need for such a\n directive, but the responsible parties have been unable to agree on the\n directive\'s content and wording. Without such a directive, ITC may\n become responsible if employees violate the copyright law.\n\n6. ITC has no disaster recovery or contingency plan for offsite operation of\n the LAN in the event of a catastrophic incident. ITC has identified the\n need for a disaster recovery or contingency plan in its 5-year plan, A\n Five-Year Plan for Information Resources Management. Although the 5-year\n plan identified a June 30, 1992, milestone for a plans and procedures\n handbook for disaster recovery/contingency operation, ITC management\n indicated that planning is in the nearly developmental stages. 1I\n Without\n its LAN capability, ITC would have difficulty carrying out its statutory\n responsibilities.\n\n7. ITC has no formal statement of the LAN administrator\'s internal control\n responsibilities. Presently, lTC\'s primary LAN system (Banyan Vines)\n produces various summaries of user and system status and activity. The\n senior network administrator periodically reviews the on-line logs to\n ensure that certain administrative tasks have been accomplished; however,\n this is only done when time permits. ITC should have a formal internal\n control plan for its LAN that includes procedures designed to prevent, at\n a minimum, destruction of data, data security degradation, and unautho-\n rized access to CBI.\n\n\n\n\n 5\n\x0cOTHER MATTERS FOR CONSIDERATION\n\n We noted certain other matters that the Director of Administration,\nshould consider for action. These follow:\n\n1. Electronic access keys issued to employees are not routinely deactivated\n upon termination of employment. ITC has no policy to routinely deacti-\n vate the electronic keys at the time of employee termination. FIRMR Part\n 20l-7.105(d)(l) requires that authorized personnel be positively identi-\n fied through the use of local access control procedures. As part of our\n review, we identified former employees on the access list to the computer\n room.\n\n2. The USITC LAN Training user manual does not contain current and complete\n user information. As such, LAN users do not have access to sufficient,\n current documentation concerning lTC\'s policies and procedures regarding\n its LAN operations. As a result, users may be unaware of policies and\n procedures regarding LAN use, it may take more time for them to become\n proficient in using the LAN, and they may never learn to use some of its\n features.\n\n3. During our interviews of selected LAN file servers and users, certain\n respondents reported a deterioration in the quality of LAN support\n services. Because of a hiring freeze, the position of Chief, Office\n Automation Support Division, is vacant. OIRM staff have attempted to\n perform the necessary duties in the interim.\n\n\nRECOMMENDATIONS REGARDING FINDINGS\n\n Our recommendations to strengthen policies and procedures related to the\nFindings section are presented below. These recommendations are in the same\norder in which the findings were presented.\n\n1. The Director of Administration should instruct the Director, OIRM, that\n all dial-in modems should use the dial-back control feature. Directive\n 1360 should be revised, updated, and clarified.\n\n Modem restrictions should be employed for incoming calls to the LAN.\n Specifically, dial-in access to the LAN should be permitted only through\n a bank of personal computers set up in the computer room that run\n software that requires: (1) a password for connection, (2) activation of\n a dial-back facility, and (3) automatic capture of user identification\n for anyone using the facility. Activity should be logged and monitored\n on this bank of personal computers, and questionable log entries should\n be investigated.\n\n2. The Director of Administration, working with the Director of Operations,\n should make arrangements for OIRM to be granted, at a minimum, "read-\n only" access to perform weekend backups in accordance with its respon-\n sibility under ITe Directive 1028.1.\n\n\n 6\n\x0c3. The Director of Administration. working with the Director of Operations.\n should make arrangements for OIRM to be granted. at a minimum. read-only\n access to perform virus scans in accordance with its responsibility under\n ITC Directive 1028.1.\n\n4. The Director of Administration should instruct the Director, DIRM. to\n complete an inventory of each software package purchased and the number\n of copies currently in use. ITC is planning to upgrade the entire LAN\n over the next 12 to 18 months. As part of the upgrade, ITC plans to\n acquire upgraded versions of much of the software currently in use. To\n obtain the upgrade price for the new software, ITC must be able to\n document how many copies of each package have been purchased.\n\n ITC should consider developing a formal system for identifying. counting.\n and controlling the number of copies of software on the LAN. The system\n should be capable of documenting compliance with Federal licensing\n standards and readily identifying the type and number of software\n packages purchased.\n\n5. The Director of Administration should issue a directive prohibiting the\n unauthorized copying of copyrighted software. The directive might\n consist of nothing more than a statement to the effect that "ITC adheres\n to the tenants of United States Code, Title 17, which expressly prohibits\n unauthorized duplication of copyrighted materials."\n\n6. The Director of Administration should assess the status of the disaster\n recovery (contingency) plan\'s development and take action to see that the\n project is completed expeditiously.\n\n7. The Director of Administration should instruct the Director, DlRM, to\n standardize and document procedures for the routine checking of LAN-\n produced lists and summaries. This should include the procedures\n currently conducted informally by the senior network administrator and\n OIRM staff to ensure effective internal control as well as any additional\n tasks OIRM considers necessary.\n\n The following additional checks should be considered for inclusion:\n\n \xe2\x80\xa2 A periodic check of logs to identify unusual cases of unautho-\n rized access attempts.\n\n \xe2\x80\xa2 A periodic check of LAN account "last access" dates to identify\n and explain accounts left idle for long periods of time.\n\n \xe2\x80\xa2 A periodic check of account access privileges to ensure that no\n individual is allowed inappropriate access rights.\n\n At a minimum. the procedures should specify an internal control objective\n and plan for the LAN, the minimum frequency of completion of the control\n tasks, and the individual who is responsible for each task. Performance\n\n\n\n 7\n\x0c standards should be altered to reflect these new responsibilities.\n Third-party software may be available to automate many of these routine,\n repetitive processes.\n\n\nCommission Comments\n\n The Director of Administration responded in writing to our recommenda-\ntions (see appendix). He agreed with our recommendations and provided\ncomments on the actions taken and those that are planned. These actions\nshould result in improved administration and control over lTC\'s LAN.\n\n\nSUGGESTIONS REGARDING OTHER HATTERS FOR CONSIDERATION\n\n Our suggestions regarding other matters for consideration are presented\nbelow.\n\n1. The Director of Administration should instruct the Director, Office of\n Management Services, to implement a policy of deactivating electronic\n access keys upon termination of employment. All keys belonging to former\n employees should be assembled and deactivated.\n\n2. The Director of Administration should instruct the Director, OIRM, to\n upgrade the USITC LAN Training to include, at a minimum, the topics\n listed under the caption, "Network Training." The manual should also\n include copies of policies or directives that users might require.\n\n\nCommission Comments\n\n The Director of Administration responded in writing to our suggestions\nregarding other matters for consideration (see appendix). He agreed with our\nsuggestions and provided comments on the actions taken and those that are\nplanned. These actions should result in improvements regarding the adminis-\ntration and control over lTC\'s LAN.\n\n\n\n\n 8\n\x0c Appendix\n\n\n AD-p-S28\n\n\n\n\n . --.:.,: .1"\n _.\' ~. I)\n\n\n\n\nAugust 1.2, 1.992\n\n\nMEMORANDUM\n\n\nTO: inspector General ,\n\nF1l.OM: ~irector, Office of Administration fYJrrJ~\nSUBJECT: Draft Report, \xc2\xb7Review of USITC\'s Local Area\n Network Administration and Controls n\n\nAs requested by your memorandum dated July 16, 1992\n(IG-P-038), submitted herewith is the Office of\nAdministrationls response to the subject draft audit\nreport issued July 16, 1992. In accordance with Section\n11 of the USITC Directive 1701, the Commissioners have had\nan opportunity to comment on the response and the Chairman\nhas approved it with modifications.\n\nThe Office of Administration agrees with all the audit\nrecommendations. The attached response includes the\nactions to be taken and the target completion dates.\n\nPlease call me at 20S-3131 or Bill Stuchbery at 20S-3135\nif you have any questions.\n\n\nATTACHMENTS\n\ncc: Director, Office of Information Resources Management\n Director, Office of Management Services\n\x0c ADMINISTRATION\'S COMMENTS ON THE DRAFT REPORT\n\nRECOMMENDATIONS REGARDING PINDINGS\n\n\nRECOMMENDATION:\n\n1. The Director of Administration should instruct the Director,\n OIRM that all dial-in modems should use the call-back\n control feature. Directive 1360 should be revised, updated,\n and clarified.\n\n Modem restrictions should be employed for incoming calls to\n the LAN. Specifically, dial-in access should be pe~itted\n only through a bank of personal computers set up in the\n computer roam that run software that requires: (1) a\n password for connection, (2) activation of a dial-back\n facility, and (3) automatic capture of user identification\n for anyone using the facility. Activity should be logged\n and monitored on this bank of personal computers, and\n questionable log entries should be investigated.\n\nRESPONSE: AGREE\n\nRevision of Directive 1360 was started as part of the\nAdministration1s directives update procedure and prior to the IG\nconducting a study on LAN Administration and Controls. There is\na chronology of events associated with the completion of the\nrevision of Directive 1360 in that it cannot be completed until\nother recommendations are implemented and procedures written to\nbe incorporated in the Directive. Therefore the revision to\nDirective 1360 is scheduled to be completed 30 days after the\ncompletion of the -dial-in/call back" system as identified\nbelow.\n\nTARGET COMPLETION DATE: January 29, 1993\n\nWorking with the Information Security Committee, OIRH will\ninstitute a central network dial-in facility with call-back,\npassword, and capture of user ID to be installed in the ITC\nComputer Roam. Logs of use will be periodically reviewed. All\nCommission-owned copies of "Carbon-Copy\xc2\xb7, \xc2\xb7Pc-AnyWhere\xc2\xb7, and any\nother software which allows dial-in access to individual PCs with\nmodems will be collected by OIRH. This procedure will be\nincorporated into Directive 1360 and will state that users are\nnot allowed to dial-into their individual PCs.\n\n A target completion date of 12/31/92 has been chosen since\n software must be purchased and PCs which will be turned in as a\n result of the ORB II purchase (approved August 3, 1992) will be\n used for the central network dial-in facility. Once the "dial-\n in/call back" system has been fully tested and tmplemented, the\n procedures will be incorporated into Directive 1360.\n\x0cTARGET COMPLETION DATE: December 31, 1992\n\n\nRECOMMENDATJ;ON:\n\n2. The Director of Administration~ working with the Director of\n Operations, should make arrangements for OIRM to be granted,\n at a min~um, "read-only\xc2\xb7 access to perform weekend backups\n in accordance with its responsibility under ITC Directive\n 1028.1\n\nRESPONSE: AGREE\n\nThe Directors of Administration and Operations should work out an\nagreement whereby the Director of Operations will instruct the\nDirectors of Industries and Investigations to place OIRH\'s Senior\nNetwork Administrators on their Server Adminlists. (OIRH will\nthen take ~ediate action to include those offices in the\nalready established week-end back-up procedures.)\n\nTARGET COMPLETION DATE: October 30, 1992\n\n\nRECOMMENDATION:\n\n3. The Director of Administration, working with the Director of\n Operations, should make arrangements for OIRM to be granted,\n at a min~um, "read-only" access to perfo~ virus scans in\n accordance with its responsibility under ITC Directive\n 1028.1\n\nRESPONSE: AGREE\n\nThe Director of Operations should instruct the Directors of\nIndustries and Investigations to place OIRH\'s Senior Network\nAdministrators on their Server Adminlists. (OIRH will take\n~ediate action to include those offices in OIRM\'s established\nvirus scanning procedures.)\n\nTARGET COMPLETION DATE: October 30, 1992\n\n\nRECOMMENDATION:\n\n4. The Director of administration should instruct the Director,\n OIRM, to complete an inventory of each software package\n purchased and the number of copies currently in use. ITC is\n planning to upgrade the entire LAN over the next 12 to 18\n months. As part of the upgrade, ITC plans to acquire\n upgraded versions of much of the software currently in use.\n To obtain the upgrade price for the new software, ITC must\n be able to document how many copies of each package have\n been purchased.\n\x0c ITC should consider developing a fo~l system for\n identifying, counting, and controlling the number of copies\n on the LAN\'. The system should be capable of documenting\n compli~ce with Pederal licensing standards and readily\n identi~ying the type and number of software packages\n purchased.\n\nRESPONSE: AGREE (with Qualification)\n\nThe OIRK network administrators will develop an inventory system\nfor all purchased software used on the \'network \'\xe2\x80\xa2 This inventory\nwill be updated as new software is purchased and include\noffice/individual initially issued software (if standalone copy)\nor server loaded on (if LAN copy). OIRM will track the\ndevelopment of third party, Banyan compatible, network tools for\nsoftware control and consider implementing when an appropriate\npackage is identified.\n\nTo the extent possible. OIRM will research and acquire software\nto scan individual PCs for all software in use. including that\nsoftware acquired prior to the new inventory being established.\nCompletion of this task for Cbe entire Network will also require\nthe Director of Operations to instruct the Directors of\nIndustries and Investigations to place OIRMls Senior Network\nAdministrators on their Server Adminlists. Without the\navailability of an appropriate software tool. it would be too\ntime consuming and of questionable value to inventory all\nsoftware lin use l on individual PCs just prior to the phaseout of\nthose PCs.\n\nTARGET COMPLETION DATE: March 31. 1993\n\n\nRECOMMENDATION:\n\n5. The Director of Administration should issue a directive\n prohibiting the unauthorized copying of copyrighted\n software. The directive might consist of nothing more than\n a statement to the effect that "ITC adheres to the tenants\n of Title 17, U.S.C \xe2\x80\xa2\xe2\x80\xa2 which expressly prohibits unauthorized\n duplication of copyrighted materials. II\n\n\nRESPONSE AGREE\n\nWe will forward to the Chai~ for approval an Administrative\nOrder prohibiting the unauthorized copying of copyrighted\nsoftware. This prohibition will subsequently be made a part of\nITC Directive 1360.\n\nTARGET COMPLETION DATE: September 15, 1992\n\n\n RECOMMENDATION:\n\x0c6. The Director of Administration should issue the status o\xc2\xa3\n the disaster recovery (contingency) plan\'s development and\n take action to see that the project is completed\n expedit.iously.\nRESPONSE: AGREE\nThis will be part of an overall emergency recovery plan which\nincludes information security, documents protection, facilities\nprotection and relocation as well as the IRK contingency plans.\nThis is included in the Director of Administration\'s SES work\nplan. Be will give periodic status updates to the Chairman- s\noffice.\nTARGET COMPLETION DATE: January 1S, 1993\nRECOMMENDATION:\n7. The Director of Administration should instruct the Director,\n OXRH, to standardize and document procedures for the routine\n checking of LAN produced lists and summaries. This should\n include the procedures currently conducted info~lly by the\n senior network administrator and OIRH staff to ensure\n effective internal control as well as any additional tasks\n OIRM considers necessary.\n The following additional checks should.be considered for\n inclusion:\n - A periodic check of logs to identify unusual cases of\n unauthorized access attempts.\n - A periodic check of LAN account Rlast access R dates to\n identify and explain accounts left idle for long periods of\n time.\n - A periodic check of account access privileges to ensure\n that no individual is allowed inappropriate access rights.\n At a min~, the procedures should specify an internal\n control objective and plan for the LAN, the min~um\n frequency of campletion of the control tasks, and the\n individual who is responsible for each task. Perfo~ce\n standards should be altered to reflect these new\n responsibilities. Third-party software may be available to\n automate many of these routine, repetitive processes.\n RESPONSE: AGREE\n OIRK will document the procedures, standards, and _\n responsibilities for monitoring ehe network, and include the\n additional checks recommended by the Auditors. These will be\n incorporated tDto a standard Internal Control procedure for\n\x0cannual follow-up.\n\nA target completion date of May 28, 1993 has been chosen to al.l.ow\nthe new Chi~f, Office Automation Support Division t~e to became\nfamiliar with his or her duties and responsibilities. The\nChairman approved on August 3, 1992, a waiver to the Commission\'s\nhiring maritorium to fill this position.\n\nTARGET COMPLETION DATE: May 28, 1993\n\n\nSUGGESTIONS REGARD~G OTHER MATTERS FOR CONSIDERATION:\n\n1. The Director of Administration should instruct the Director,\n Office of Management Services, to implement a policy of\n deactivating electronic access keys upon te~ination of\n employment. All keys belonging to fo~er employees should\n be deactivated.\n\nRESPONSE: AGREE\n\nAlthough there were foxmer employees on the access list to the\ncomputer room, their access keys were in a safe under the control\nof the Security Officer in OMS. To maintain the accuracy of the\naccess list the Security Officer is now notifying Kastle Co. to\ndeactivate the keys as they are returned.\n\nTARGET COMPLETION DATE: Completed\n\n\n2. The Director of Administration should instruct the Director,\n OIRM, to upgrade the USITC LAN Training Manual to include,\n at a minimum, the topics listed under the caption, WNetwork\n Training. w The manual should also include copies of\n policies or directives that users might require.\n\nRESPONSE: AGREE\n\nThe Senior Network Administrator responsible for conducting the\nNetwork Training class, will re-write the manual according to the\nrecommendations in the Inspector General\'s report.\n\nTARGET COMPLETION DATE: February 26, 1993\n\x0c\x0c'


type: caselaw

text:
 8.10.2011
 DE
 Amtsblatt der Europäischen Union
 C 298/14
 Vorabentscheidungsersuchen der Komisia za zashtita ot diskriminatsia (Bulgarien), eingereicht am 25. Juli 2011 — Valeri Hariev Belov/„ChEZ Elektro Balgaria“ AD, „ChEZ Raspredelnenie Balgaria“ AD und Darzhavna Komisia po energiyno i vodno regulirane
 (Rechtssache C-394/11)
 2011/C 298/27
 Verfahrenssprache: Bulgarisch
 Vorlegendes Gericht
 Komisia za zashtita ot diskriminatsia
 Parteien des Ausgangsverfahrens
 Kläger: Valeri Hariev Belov
 Beklagte:„ChEZ Elektro Balgaria“ AD, „ChEZ Raspredelnenie Balgaria“ AD und Darzhavna Komisia po energiyno i vodno regulirane
 Vorlagefragen
 Frage 1: Fällt der zu untersuchende Fall in den Anwendungsbereich der Richtlinie 2000/43/EG (1) des Rates vom 29. Juni 2000 zur Anwendung des Gleichbehandlungsgrundsatzes ohne Unterschied der Rasse oder der ethnischen Herkunft (hier hinsichtlich Art. 3 Abs. 1 Buchst. h)?
 Frage 2: Was ist unter einer „weniger günstigen Behandlung“ im Sinne von Art. 2 Abs. 2 Buchst. a der Richtlinie 2000/43 und unter „Personen, die einer Rasse oder ethnischen Gruppe angehören, in besonderer Weise benachteiligen können“ im Sinne von Art. 2 Abs. 2 Buchst. b der Richtlinie 2000/43 zu verstehen:
 2.1.
 Ist zur Qualifizierung einer weniger günstigen Behandlung als unmittelbare Diskriminierung unbedingt erforderlich, dass die Behandlung ungünstiger ist und dass sie unmittelbar oder mittelbar gesetzlich ausdrücklich festgelegte Rechte oder Interessen verletzt oder ist sie als jedwede Form eines Verhaltens (einer Beziehung) im weiteren Sinne des Wortes zu verstehen, das im Vergleich mit dem Verhalten in einer ähnlichen Situation weniger vorteilhaft ist?
 2.2.
 Ist zur Qualifizierung der Versetzung in eine besondere ungünstige Lage als mittelbare Diskriminierung auch erforderlich, dass sie unmittelbar oder mittelbar gesetzlich ausdrücklich festgelegte Rechte oder Interessen verletzt oder ist sie im weiteren Sinne als jede Form der Versetzung in eine besondere ungünstige/unvorteilhafte Lage zu verstehen?
 Frage 3: In Abhängigkeit von der Antwort auf die zweite Frage: Wenn zur Qualifizierung als unmittelbare oder mittelbare Diskriminierung im Sinne von Art. 2 Abs. 2 Buchst. a und b der Richtlinie 2000/43 erforderlich ist, dass die weniger günstige Behandlung oder die Versetzung in eine besondere ungünstige Lage unmittelbar oder mittelbar ein gesetzlich festgelegtes Recht oder Interesse verletzt,
 3.1.
 legen die Bestimmungen des Art. 38 der Charta der Grundrechte der Europäischen Union, die Richtlinie 2006/32/EG (2) (29. Erwägungsgrund, Art. 1, Art. 13 Abs. 1), die Richtlinie 2003/54/EG (3) (Art. 3 Abs. 5), die Richtlinie 2009/72/EG (4) (Art. 3 Abs. 7) zugunsten des Endverbrauchers des Stroms ein Recht oder Interesse fest, regelmäßig die Anzeigen des Stromzählers überprüfen zu können, das vor den nationalen Gerichten in einem Verfahren wie dem des Ausgangsverfahrens geltend gemacht werden kann,
 und
 3.2.
 sind mit diesen Bestimmungen nationale Rechtsvorschriften und/oder eine mit Genehmigung der staatlichen Regulierungsbehörde für Energie durchgeführte Verwaltungspraxis vereinbar, wonach einem Verteilungsunternehmen die Freiheit eingeräumt wird, die Stromzähler an schwer oder nicht zugänglichen Orten anzubringen, was es den Verbrauchern unmöglich macht, persönlich und regelmäßig die Anzeigen des Stromzählers zu überprüfen und zu verfolgen?
 Frage 4: In Abhängigkeit von der Antwort auf die zweite Frage: Wenn zur Qualifizierung als unmittelbare oder mittelbare Diskriminierung nicht unbedingt erforderlich ist, dass ein gesetzlich festgelegtes Recht oder Interesse unmittelbar oder mittelbar verletzt ist,
 —
 sind nach Art. 2 Abs. 2 Buchst. a und b der Richtlinie 2000/43 nationale Rechtsvorschriften oder Rechtsprechung, wie sie im Ausgangsverfahren in Rede stehen, zulässig, wonach für die Qualifizierung als Diskriminierung verlangt wird, dass die ungünstigere Behandlung und die Versetzung in eine ungünstigere Lage unmittelbar oder mittelbar gesetzlich festgelegte Rechte oder Interessen verletzen;
 —
 ist das nationale Gericht, wenn sie nicht zulässig sind, dann verpflichtet, sie unangewendet zu lassen und die in der Richtlinie geregelten Begriffsbestimmungen heranzuziehen?
 Frage 5: Wie ist Art. 8 Abs. 1 der Richtlinie 2000/43 auszulegen,
 5.1.
 dahin, dass er verlangt, dass das Opfer Tatsachen beweist, anhand deren sich ein eindeutiger, unbestreitbarer und sicherer Rückschluss oder eine solche Schlussfolgerung auf eine unmittelbare oder mittelbare Diskriminierung aufdrängt oder reicht es aus, dass die Tatsachen nur die Annahme/Vermutung einer solchen begründen?
 5.2.
 Führen die Tatsachen, dass
 a)
 nur in den beiden in der Stadt als Roma-Bezirke bekannten Stadtteilen Stromzähler in den Straßen an Strommasten in einer für eine Sichtkontrolle der Zähleranzeigen durch die Verbraucher nicht zugänglichen Höhe angebracht sind, mit bekannten Ausnahmen innerhalb einiger Teile dieser beiden Stadtbezirke und
 b)
 in allen übrigen Bezirken der Stadt die Stromzähler in einer anderen, für eine Sichtkontrolle zugänglichen Höhe (bis 1,70 m), meist in der Wohnung der Verbraucher oder an der Fassade des Gebäudes oder an der Umzäunung angebracht sind,
 zu einer Verlagerung der Beweislast auf die beklagte Partei?
 5.3.
 Schließen die Umstände, dass
 a)
 in den beiden in der Stadt als Roma-Bezirke bekannten Stadtteilen nicht nur Roma leben, sondern auch Personen anderer ethnischer Herkunft und/oder
 b)
 entsprechend, welcher Anteil der Bevölkerung in diesen beiden Bezirken sich tatsächlich selbst als Roma bezeichnet, und/oder
 c)
 vom Verteilungsunternehmen die Ursachen für eine Umsetzung der Stromzähler in diesen beiden Stadtbezirken auf diese Höhe von 7 m als allgemein bekannt bezeichnet werden,
 die Verlagerung der Beweislast auf die beklagte Partei aus?
 Frage 6: In Abhängigkeit von der Antwort auf Frage 5:
 6.1.
 Wenn Art. 8 Abs. 1 der Richtlinie 2000/43 dahin auszulegen ist, dass eine Annahme/Vermutung für das Vorliegen einer Diskriminierung erforderlich ist, und wenn die vorgenannten Tatsachen zu einer Verlagerung der Beweislast auf die beklagte Partei führen, welche Form einer Diskriminierung lassen dann diese Tatsachen vermuten — eine unmittelbare, eine mittelbare Diskriminierung und/oder eine Belästigung?
 6.2.
 Erlauben es die Bestimmungen der Richtlinie 2000/43, dass die unmittelbare Diskriminierung und/oder die Belästigung mit der Verfolgung eines gesetzlichen Ziels durch erforderliche und geeignete Mittel gerechtfertigt wird?
 6.3.
 Kann unter Berücksichtigung der von dem Verteilungsunternehmen hervorgehobenen gesetzlichen Ziele, die es verfolgt, die in den beiden Stadtbezirken angewandte Maßnahme in einer Situation gerechtfertigt werden, in der
 a)
 die Maßnahme wegen unbezahlter Rechnungen, die sich in den beiden Stadtbezirken angehäuft haben, wegen häufiger Zuwiderhandlungen der Verbraucher, die die Sicherheit, die Qualität, das fortlaufende und gefahrlose Funktionieren der Elektrizitätsanlagen beeinträchtigen oder gefährden, angewandt wird
 und
 die Maßnahme kollektiv angewandt wird, unabhängig davon, ob der konkrete Verbraucher seine Rechnungen für die Verteilung und für die Lieferung von Strom bezahlt oder nicht, und unabhängig davon, ob feststeht, dass der konkrete Verbraucher irgendeine Zuwiderhandlung (eine Manipulation der Anzeigen des Stromzählers, einen unrechtmäßigen Anschluss und/oder eine unrechtmäßige Entnahme/einen unrechtmäßigen Verbrauch von Strom ohne Zählung und Zahlung oder irgendwelche anderen Eingriffe in das Netz, die dessen sicheres, qualitatives, fortlaufendes und gefahrloses Funktionieren beeinträchtigen oder gefährden) begangen hat;
 b)
 für jede vergleichbare Zuwiderhandlung in Rechtsvorschriften und in den Allgemeinen Bedingungen des Vertrags über die Verteilung Verantwortlichkeiten vorgesehen sind, und zwar zivilrechtliche, verwaltungsrechtliche sowie strafrechtliche;
 c)
 die in Art. 27 Abs. 2 der Allgemeinen Bedingungen des Verteilungsvertrags vorgesehene Klausel — das Verteilungsunternehmen stellt auf ausdrückliches schriftliches Verlangen des Verbrauchers die Möglichkeit einer Sichtkontrolle der Anzeigen des Stromzählers sicher — es dem Verbraucher tatsächlich nicht ermöglicht, persönlich und regelmäßig die ihn betreffenden Anzeigen zu überprüfen;
 d)
 eine Möglichkeit besteht, aufgrund eines ausdrücklichen schriftlichen Ersuchens einen Kontrollstromzähler in der Wohnung des Verbrauchers zu installieren, wofür dieser eine Gebühr entrichten muss;
 e)
 die Maßnahme ein eigenartiges und sichtbares Kennzeichen für die Unlauterkeit des Verbrauchers in der einen oder anderen Form aufgrund des von dem Verteilungsunternehmen behaupteten allgemein bekannten Charakters der Ursachen für die Anwendung dieser Maßnahme ist;
 f)
 andere technische Methoden und Mittel zum Schutz vor Eingriffen in die Stromzähler bestehen;
 g)
 der Prozessbevollmächtigte des Verteilungsunternehmens ausführt, dass die in einem Roma-Stadtbezirk in einer anderen Stadt angewandte ähnliche Maßnahme Eingriffe tatsächlich nicht habe verhindern können;
 h)
 von der in einem dieser Stadtbezirke aufgestellten elektrischen Anlage, einer Trafostation, nicht angenommen wird, dass sie zur Sicherheit ähnlichen Maßnahmen wie die Stromzähler zu unterziehen ist?
 (1) Richtlinie 2000/43/EG des Rates vom 29. Juni 2000 zur Anwendung des Gleichbehandlungsgrundsatzes ohne Unterschied der Rasse oder der ethnischen Herkunft (ABl. L 180, S. 22).
 (2) Richtlinie 2006/32/EG des Europäischen Parlaments und des Rates vom 5. April 2006 über Endenergieeffizienz und Energiedienstleistungen und zur Aufhebung der Richtlinie 93/76/EWG des Rates (ABl. L 114, S. 64).
 (3) Richtlinie 2003/54/EG des Europäischen Parlaments und des Rates vom 26. Juni 2003 über gemeinsame Vorschriften für den Elektrizitätsbinnenmarkt und zur Aufhebung der Richtlinie 96/92/EG (ABl. L 176, S. 37).
 (4) Richtlinie 2009/72/EG des Europäischen Parlaments und des Rates vom 13. Juli 2009 über gemeinsame Vorschriften für den Elektrizitätsbinnenmarkt und zur Aufhebung der Richtlinie 2003/54/EG (ABl. L 211, S. 55).


text:
 11.4.2019
 HU
 Az Európai Unió Hivatalos Lapja
 LI 100/20
 A BIZOTTSÁG (EU) 2019/591 VÉGREHAJTÁSI RENDELETE
 (2019. április 11.)
 a 136/2004/EK rendelet V. mellékletének Nagy-Britannia és Észak-Írország Egyesült Királyságának és egyes koronafüggőségeinek a szalma- és szénaszállítmányok Unióba való behozatalára engedéllyel rendelkező harmadik országok jegyzékébe való felvétele tekintetében történő módosításáról
 (EGT-vonatkozású szöveg)
 AZ EURÓPAI BIZOTTSÁG,
 tekintettel az Európai Unió működéséről szóló szerződésre,
 tekintettel a harmadik országokból a Közösségbe behozott termékek állategészségügyi ellenőrzésének megszervezésére irányadó elvek megállapításáról szóló, 1997. december 18-i 97/78/EK tanácsi irányelvre (1) és különösen annak 19. cikke (1) bekezdésére,
 mivel:
 (1)
 2017. március 29-én az Egyesült Királyság az Európai Unióról szóló szerződés (EUSZ) 50. cikkének megfelelően bejelentette az Unióból való kilépésre vonatkozó szándékát. 2019. március 22-én az Európai Tanács elfogadta az (EU) 2019/476 határozatot (2), amely – az Egyesült Királysággal egyetértésben – meghosszabbította az EUSZ 50. cikkének (3) bekezdése szerinti időszakot. Az említett határozat szerint abban az esetben, ha az Egyesült Királyság alsóháza legkésőbb 2019. március 29-ig nem hagyja jóvá a kilépésről rendelkező megállapodást, az EUSZ 50. cikkének (3) bekezdésében meghatározott határidő 2019. április 12-ig kerül meghosszabbításra. Mivel az alsóház 2019. március 29-ig nem hagyta jóvá a kilépésről rendelkező megállapodást, az uniós jog 2019. április 13-tól (a továbbiakban: a kilépés időpontja) nem lesz alkalmazandó az Egyesült Királyságra és az Egyesült Királyságban.
 (2)
 A 97/78/EK irányelv megállapítja a harmadik országokból az Unióba behozott termékek állategészségügyi ellenőrzésének megszervezésére irányadó elveket. Az említett irányelv 19. cikkének (1) bekezdése előírja, hogy a Bizottságnak össze kell állítania azon növényi termékek listáját, amelyeket – fertőző és ragályos állatbetegségek Unióba való átterjedésének kockázata miatt – a határon állategészségügyi vizsgálatoknak kell alávetni, valamint azon harmadik országok listáját, amelyek számára engedélyezik a szóban forgó termékek Unióba történő kivitelé.
 (3)
 Ennek megfelelően a 136/2004/EK bizottsági rendelet (3) IV. melléklete a határon végzett állategészségügyi vizsgálatnak alávetett növényi termékként sorolja fel a szénát és a szalmát, a rendelet V. melléklete pedig felsorolja azon tagállamokat, amelyekből a tagállamok szénát és szalmát importálhatnak.
 (4)
 Nagy-Britannia és Észak-Írország Egyesült Királysága biztosította a szükséges garanciákat ahhoz, hogy az említett ország és egyes koronafüggőségei a kilépés időpontjától megfeleljenek a 136/2004/EK rendeletben a szalma- és szénaszállítmányoknak az Unióba történő behozatalára vonatkozóan megállapított feltételeknek azáltal, hogy egy legalább kilenc hónapos kezdeti időszakban továbbra is alkalmazzák az uniós jogszabályokat.
 (5)
 Éppen ezért – figyelembe véve a Nagy-Britannia és Észak-Írország Egyesült Királysága által nyújtott egyedi garanciákat, valamint annak érdekében, hogy a kilépés időpontja után elkerülhetők legyenek a szükségtelen kereskedelmi zavarok – Nagy-Britannia és Észak-Írország Egyesült Királyságát és egyes koronafüggőségeit indokolt felvenni a 136/2004/EK rendelet V. mellékletében foglalt, a szalma- és szénaszállítmányoknak az Unióba történő behozatalára engedéllyel rendelkező országok jegyzékébe.
 (6)
 A 136/2004/EK rendelet V. mellékletét ezért ennek megfelelően módosítani kell.
 (7)
 Ezt a rendeletet 2019. április 13-tól indokolt alkalmazni, kivéve abban az esetben, ha a fenti napon az uniós jog továbbra is alkalmazandó Nagy-Britannia és Észak-Írország Egyesült Királyságára és Nagy-Britannia és Észak-Írország Egyesült Királyságában.
 (8)
 Az e rendeletben előírt intézkedések összhangban vannak a Növények, Állatok, Élelmiszerek és Takarmányok Állandó Bizottságának véleményével,
 ELFOGADTA EZT A RENDELETET:
 1. cikk
 A 136/2004/EK rendelet V. melléklete e rendelet mellékletének megfelelően módosul.
 2. cikk
 Ez a rendelet az Európai Unió Hivatalos Lapjában való kihirdetését követő napon lép hatályba.
 Ezt a rendeletet 2019. április 13-tól kell alkalmazni.
 Nem alkalmazandó azonban abban az esetben, ha a fenti napon az uniós jog továbbra is alkalmazandó Nagy-Britannia és Észak-Írország Egyesült Királyságára és Nagy-Britannia és Észak-Írország Egyesült Királyságában.
 Ez a rendelet teljes egészében kötelező és közvetlenül alkalmazandó valamennyi tagállamban.
 Kelt Brüsszelben, 2019. április 11-én.
 a Bizottság részéről
 az elnök
 Jean-Claude JUNCKER
 (1) HL L 24., 1998.1.30., 9. o.
 (2) Az Európai Tanácsnak az Egyesült Királysággal egyetértésben hozott (EU) 2019/476 határozata (2019. március 22.) az EUSZ 50. cikkének (3) bekezdése szerinti határidő meghosszabbításáról (HL L 80 I., 2019.3.22., 1. o.).
 (3) A Bizottság 136/2004/EK rendelete (2004. január 22.) a harmadik országokból behozott termékeknek a közösségi állategészségügyi határállomásokon való állategészségügyi ellenőrzésére vonatkozó eljárások megállapításáról (HL L 21., 2004.1.28., 11. o.).
 MELLÉKLET
 A 136/2004/EK rendelet V. melléklete a következőképpen módosul:
 a)
 a melléklet a Chilére vonatkozó bejegyzés alatt a következő sorokkal egészül ki:
 „GB
 Nagy-Britannia és Észak-Írország Egyesült Királysága
 GG
 Guernsey”
 b)
 a melléklet az Izlandra vonatkozó bejegyzés alatt a következő sorral egészül ki:
 „JE
 Jersey”