type: other

text:
Unten findet sich eine Auswahl von 77 zur Veröffentlichung angenommenen Fachtexten, sortiert von neu nach alt.
 86 % dieser Texte sind Open Access: 29 % Gold (im Internet frei verfügbar), 58 % Grün (unten frei zugänglich).
 Verträge: Bürgerliches Recht
 Digitalisierung: Geistiges Eigentum
 Unternehmen: Gesellschaftsrecht
 Fachsprache: Rechtslinguistik
 Empirie: Rechtstatsachenforschung
 Gesetze: Legistik & Rechtstheorie
 Rechtspolitik: Miszellen & Glossen
 Fachdidaktik: Juristische Ausbildung
 durch Schriftleitung
 Onlinetext
 Exportieren im .ris-Format (Literaturverwaltung).
 77 ... Diskussionsbericht zum Referat von Katja Langenbucher. [Digitales Finanzwesen: Vom Bargeld zur Blockchain], AcP 218 (2018), im Erscheinen
 76 ... Evidence-Based Jurisprudence meets Legal Linguistics. Unlikely Blends Made in Germany, BYU L. Rev. 43 (2018), im Erscheinen, gemeinsam mit Friedemann Vogel
 75 ... Normativität und Gerechtigkeit als emergente Sprachphänomene. Rezension zu Claudia Woldt, Normativität als linguistische Schnittstelle (2013), ARSP 104 (2018), im Erscheinen
 74 ... Justizforschung und Digitalisierung. Neue Wege zur Erschließung der Personalgeschichte des Bundesgerichtshofs im Internet, JurPC 30 (2018), im Erscheinen, gemeinsam mit Marisa Nest
 73 ... Empirische Methoden für die Rechtswissenschaft. 35. Jahrestagung für juristische Institutionenökonomik vom 7. bis 10. Juni 2017 in Siracusa (Sizilien), JZ 73 (2018), S. 291293
 72 ... § 157 BGB in praxisgerechten Zitierringen. Mein viel zu verschämter Versuch, im Onlinekommentar zitiert zu werden, JZ 72 (2017), S. 10981099
 71 ... Open Access in German Legal Academia. Challenges and Perspectives, blogdroiteuropéen 25.10.2017
 70 ... VGH Mannheim verhandelt über Open Access. Müssen Wissenschaftler ihre Ergebnisse frei zugänglich machen?, LTO 8 (2017), Nr. 24747, S. 12, gemeinsam mit Fabienne Graf
 69 ... The Fabric of Language and Law. Towards an International Research Network for Computer Assisted Legal Linguistics (CAL2), JLL 6 (2017), S. 101109, gemeinsam mit Friedemann Vogel
 68 ... Die empirische Herangehensweise im Zivilrecht. Lebensnähe und Methodenehrlichkeit für die juristische Analytik?, AcP 217 (2017), S. 311336, gemeinsam mit Leonard Hoeft
 67 ... Richter im Internet. Editionsbericht zur Digitalisierung der Geschäftsverteilungspläne der deutschen Bundesgerichte seit dem Zweiten Weltkrieg, fhi 21 (2017), Nr. 8, S. 112
 66 ... Text, Kontext und Textualismus in der juristischen Methodenlehre. Frank Easterbrook neu gelesen und übersetzt, S. 135150 in: Vogel (Hrsg.), Recht ist kein Text. Studien zur Sprachlosigkeit im verfassten Rechtsstaat, Verlag Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2017
 65 ... Juristische Semantik messend verstehen. CAL2Lab – Eine computergestützte Forschungs- und Experimentierplattform als Beitrag zu einer datengestützten Rechtslinguistik, S. 177183 in: Vogel (Hrsg.), Recht ist kein Text. Studien zur Sprachlosigkeit im verfassten Rechtsstaat, Verlag Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2017, gemeinsam mit Isabelle Gauer / Friedemann Vogel
 64 ... Offene Wissenschaft. Wie kann sich Freies Wissen weiter entwickeln? (Interview), WMde-Blog 28.6.2017
 63 ... Empirische Erkenntnisse in juristischen Ausbildungsarbeiten. Prüfungsschema, Zitier- und Arbeitshilfen für das Jurastudium und danach, JURA 39 (2017), S. 759769
 62 ... Computer-Assisted Legal Linguistics. Corpus Analysis as a New Tool for Legal Studies, Law & Soc. Inq. 42 (2017), S. 124, gemeinsam mit Friedemann Vogel / Isabelle Gauer
 61 ... Die kritische Masse. Aspekte einer quantitativ orientierten Hermeneutik am Beispiel der computergestützten Rechtslinguistik, S. 8195 in: Schweiker/Hass/Novokhatko/Halbleib (Hrsg.), Messen und Verstehen in der Wissenschaft. Interdisziplinäre Ansätze, Verlag J.B. Metzler (Springer Fachmedien), Wiesbaden 2017, gemeinsam mit Friedemann Vogel
 60 ... Strukturierende Rechtslehre als juristische Sprachtheorie, S. 175186 in: Felder/Vogel (Hrsg.), Handbuch Sprache im Recht, Verlag de Gruyter, Berlin 2017
 59 ... Das juristische Referenzkorpus (JuReko). Computergestützte Rechtslinguistik als empirischer Beitrag zu Gesetzgebung und Justiz, S. 156158 in: Burr (Hrsg.), DHd 2016: Modellierung - Vernetzung - Visualisierung. Die Digital Humanities als fächerübergreifendes Forschungsparadigma, Verlag nisaba, Leipzig 2. Aufl. 2017, gemeinsam mit Isabelle Gauer / Friedemann Vogel
 58 ... Computergestützte Rechtslinguistik (CAL2). Das Gewirk von Sprache und Dogmatik des Rechts am Beispiel des JuReko-Referenzkorpus, S. 251255 in: Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften (Hrsg.), Jahrbuch 2016, Verlag Winter, Heidelberg 2017, gemeinsam mit Friedemann Vogel
 57 ... Müssen Richter mit allem rechnen? Empirische Realitäten im Rechtssystem, MPG Jahrbuch 6.3.2017
 56 ... Gerichtsurteile als Menschenwerk. Zum Editionsprojekt „Die Namen der Justiz“, WMde-Blog 23.2.2017
 55 ... Computer Assisted Legal Linguistics (CAL2), S. 195198 in: Bex/Villata (Hrsg.), Legal Knowledge and Information Systems. JURIX 2016: The Twenty-Ninth Annual Conference, Verlag IOS Press, Amsterdam 2016, gemeinsam mit Friedemann Vogel / Isabelle Gauer
 54 ... Freier Zugang zur juristischen Fachliteratur im Spiegel der Open-Science-Bewegung. Reflexionen zur Tagung «Open Access in den Rechtswissenschaften» vom 27. Mai 2016 an der Universität Bern, sui generis 3 (2016), S. 96104
 53 ... Justiz im Dauerfeuer, JZ 71 (2016), S. 11081110
 52 ... Open Access in der Rechtswissenschaft. Tagung an der Universität Bern am 27. Mai 2016, GRUR 118 (2016), S. 11401142
 51 ... The Hog Cycle of Law Professors. An Econometric Time Series Analysis of the Entry-level Job Market in Legal Academia, PLoS ONE 11 (2016), Nr. e0159815 & e0168041, S. 122, gemeinsam mit Christoph Engel
 50 ... “Begin at the beginning”. Lawyers and Linguists Together in Wonderland, Winnower 3 (2016), Nr. 4919, S. 19, gemeinsam mit Friedemann Vogel / Dieter Stein / Andreas Abegg / Łucja Biel / Lawrence M. Solan
 49 ... Mauerfall in den Wissenschaften. Tagung “OpenCon 2015 – Empowering the Next Generation to Advance Open Access, Open Education and Open Data” vom 14. bis 16. November 2015 in Brüssel, RW 7 (2016), S. 318326
 48 ... Juristisches Referenzkorpus (JuReko). Computergestützte Zugänge zu Sprache und Dogmatik des Rechts, S. 288291 in: Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften (Hrsg.), Jahrbuch 2015, Verlag Winter, Heidelberg 2016, gemeinsam mit Friedemann Vogel
 47 ... Gedächtniskunst in der Rechtsdidaktik. Zum Wert von Eselsbrücken für Studium, Referendariat und Rechtspraxis, ZDRW 3 (2016), S. 116135
 46 ... „Pasta“ mit „Sauce“ und „Wurst“. Eine Eselsbrückensammlung für Jurist(inn)en, Esel brück' Dich! 1.6.2016
 45 ... Per Anhalter durch die Urteilsformalien. Ein vergleichendes Muster für Referendare, JA 48 (2016), S. 450453
 44 ... Behavioral Second-Order Strategies. Exploiting Market Myopia and Agent Delegation in Economic Decision-Making, Verlag SciPress, Raspberry 2016, ISBN 978-3-00-051495-1 (112 S.)
 43 ... Das Buch der Bücher, im Original mit Untertiteln. Rechtstatsachen und Reflexionen zur Gliederung deutscher Gesetze, ZG 30 (2015), S. 381395
 42 ... Zeitgeistreiches. Scherz und Ernst in der Juristenzeitung: Glossen aus sechzig Jahren, Verlag Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen 2015, ISBN 978-3-16-154251-0 (207 S.), gemeinsam mit Martin Idler
 41 ... Der „Sprachgebrauch“ im Waffenarsenal der Jurisprudenz. Die Rechtspraxis im Spiegel der quantitativ-empirischen Sprachforschung, S. 184204 in: Vogel (Hrsg.), Zugänge zur Rechtssemantik. Interdisziplinäre Ansätze im Zeitalter neuer Medien, Verlag de Gruyter, Berlin 2015
 40 ... Vom corpus iuris zu den corpora iurum. Konzeption und Erschließung eines juristischen Referenzkorpus (JuReko), S. 275278 in: Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften (Hrsg.), Jahrbuch 2014, Verlag Winter, Heidelberg 2015, gemeinsam mit Friedemann Vogel
 39 ... Referendarsstation im juristischen Wissenschaftsverlag Mohr Siebeck, JuS 56 (2015), Nr. 3, S. 3234
 38 ... Cui Bono, Benefit Corporation? An Experiment Inspired by Social Enterprise Legislation in Germany and the US, RLE 11 (2015), S. 79110, gemeinsam mit Sven Fischer / Sebastian J. Goerg
 37 ... Forderungserlass und Insolvenzplan. Zur Entmystifizierung „der Naturalobligation“ durch systematische und funktional-teleologische Auslegung, ZIP 35 (2015), S. 308316, gemeinsam mit Kai Dellit
 36 ... Fliegende Schweine im Recht. Prolegomena zu einer wissenschaftlichen Faselei, NJW 68 (2015), S. 459461
 35 ... Bovigus. Revisiting a Legal Discovery, JIR 52 (2014), Nr. 4, S. 2931
 34 ... Die Fußnote, das unbekannte Wesen. Potential und Grenzen juristischer Zitationsanalyse, RW 5 (2014), S. 501534
 33 ... Redaktionsversehen. Ein Beitrag zur Legislativfehlerlehre und zur Rechtsförmlichkeit, AöR 139 (2014), S. 446475
 32 ... Evidenzbasierte Jurisprudenz. Methoden empirischer Forschung und ihr Erkenntniswert für das Recht am Beispiel des Gesellschaftsrechts, Verlag Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen 2014, ISBN 978-3-16-153322-8 (414 S.)
 31 ... Unpacking the Board. A Comparative and Empirical Perspective on Groups in Corporate Decision-Making, BBLJ 11 (2014), S. 154
 Collegial decision-making is relevant for a host of legal questions and in particular for corporate law. What do we know about its empirical effects? Less than we could. As of yet, pertinent review articles usually (1) assume rather than analyze how much the law actually mandates collegial decision-making, (2) rely mostly on “classical” studies of decision-making or those from behavioral economics, while underrating a century’s worth of previous empirical research, and (3) review the evidence anecdotally with little regard for the robustness of each study’s findings. As a consequence, scholars from corporate law and economics even today rely on theories and evidence which were disproved years ago. The present paper is a remedy. It combines a thorough comparative analysis of corporate statutes with a comprehensive research of empirical evidence, resulting in an assessment of the robust empirical effects of collegial decision-making. Finding that groups tend to deteriorate decision quality and exacerbate cognitive biases, this paper calls upon corporate law to design institutional remedies. Knowing more about these empirical effects will help scholars to identify and eliminate faulty arguments, and thereby improve governance policy and the legal discourse as a whole.
 30 ... Moderne Verwaltung und E-Mail  oder: Eine Nummer über die Nummer, JZ 69 (2014), S. 295296
 29 ... Juristische Korpuspragmatik – Konferenzbericht, DS 41 (2013), S. 285288, gemeinsam mit Jana Werner
 28 ... Tagungsbericht: Juristische Korpuspragmatik. Tagung des Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS) in Freiburg vom 25. bis zum 27. April 2013, JZ 68 (2013), S. 829831
 27 ... 中西文化交流向何处去?一则模仿《论语》的现代对话, FFSX 2013, Nr. 1, S. 7
 26 ... Biometrie und Autonomie, KJ 46 (2013), S. 184197, gemeinsam mit Yoan Hermstrüwer
 25 ... Biometrie und Autonomie. Die Vermessung der Person zwischen Datenschutzrecht und Entscheidungsforschung, S. 144 in: Hermstrüwer/Hamann/Diers (Hrsg.), Schwimmen mit Fingerabdruck? Die biometrischen Herausforderungen für das Recht der Gegenwart und Zukunft, Verlag Optimus, Göttingen 2012, gemeinsam mit Yoan Hermstrüwer
 24 ... Reflektierte Optimierung oder bloße Intuition? Ein verhaltenswissenschaftlicher Beitrag zur Auslegung von § 93 I 2 AktG, ZGR 41 (2012), S. 817834
 23 ... Zwei Drittel der Wirklichkeit, SSRN 30.8.2012, gemeinsam mit Christiane Heinicke
 22 ... Compliance und Unternehmenskultur als Verhaltenssteuerung. [Rezension zu] Jonas Pape, Corporate Compliance – Rechtspflichten zur Verhaltenssteuerung von Unternehmensangehörigen in Deutschland und den USA, Berlin 2011, 266 S., ISBN 978-3-8305-1870-9, CCZ 4 (2011), Nr. 5, S. VVIII
 21 ... Das Geheimnis der Gedächtniskunst (II), JJ 1 (2010), Nr. 2, S. 2628
 20 ... Juristische Eselsbrücken. Anregungen zum Einsatz der Mnemonik im Rechtsstudium, StudZR 7 (2010), S. 125143
 19 ... Was kostet ein Manager? Preisfindungsmechanismen bei der Vorstandsvergütung, BRJ 3 (2010), S. 2732
 18 ... Juristische Kuriositäten II. Über Tiere, Menschen und ihre Missverständnisse, Verlag GRIN, München 2010, ISBN 978-3-640-53191-2 (36 S.)
 17 ... Das Geheimnis der Gedächtniskunst, JJ 1 (2010), Nr. 1, S. 1214
 16 ... Die Straße zur Freiheit?  oder: Kritische Bemerkungen zur Neubekanntmachung von Gesetzen, DÖV 62 (2009), S. 11211130, gemeinsam mit Christoph Schwalb
 15 ... Verwirrende Vorschriften im Verbrauchssteuerrecht. [Zugleich eine Kritik am großzügigen Umgang mit Exekutivermächtigungen], BB 64 (2009), Nr. 48, S. M1, gemeinsam mit Georg A. Wittuhn
 14 ... Herabsetzung von Vorstandsvergütungen in der Krise. Zu einem zeitgemäßen Verständnis von § 87 Abs. 2 AktG unter Berücksichtigung von Arbeitnehmerbelangen, ZGR 38 (2009), S. 847871, gemeinsam mit Georg A. Wittuhn
 13 ... „Unzulässig, aber gelegentlich nicht beanstandet“. Die Hilfsmittelverfügungen der Landesjustizprüfungsämter, myops 3 (2009), Nr. 2, S. 4044
 12 ... Kuriose Gesetzestexte. SozSichAbkÄndAbk2ZAbkTURG ist einfach kürzer, SPON 6.7.2009
 11 ... Student Participation in Legal Education in Germany and Europe, GLJ 10 (2009), S. 10951112, gemeinsam mit Lisa Rieder
 10 ... Übungsfall: A Life 4 Sale, ZJS 2 (2009), S. 267273
 9 ... Juristische Kuriositäten. Ein Spaziergang durch den Paragrafendschungel, NJW 62 (2009), S. 727732
 8 ... Kurioses im Paragrafendschungel. Interview, NJW 62 (2009), Nr. 9, S. XIVXVI
 7 ... Die Jahresfrist in § 135 I Nr. 2 InsO. Auf dem Prüfstand des MoMiG übersehen?, ZInsO 12 (2009), S. 264270
 6 ... Aufsteigende Darlehen im Cash Pool im System des § 135 InsO. Replik auf Klinck/Gärtner, NZI 2008, 457, NZI 11 (2008), S. 667669
 5 ... Der Bilanzmeineid nach § 331 Nr. 3a HGB. Zur Dogmatik eines neuen Wirtschaftsstraftatbestandes, Konzern 2008, S. 145150
 4 ... Die Behandlung des cash pooling vor und nach dem MoMiG. Alte und neue Probleme bei der Anfechtung aufsteigender Darlehen nach § 135 InsO, Verlag Igel RWS, Hamburg 2008, ISBN 978-3-95485-161-4 (44 S.)
 3 ... GmbH-Anteilserwerb vom Nichtberechtigten. Die Mischung verschiedener Gutglaubenstatbestände im MoMiG-Regierungsentwurf, NZG 10 (2007), S. 492494
 2 ... In Concert or not in concert? Eine methodische Konkretisierung von § 30 Abs. 2 Satz 1 WpÜG, ZIP 29 (2007), S. 10881095
 1 ... The Importance of Intercultural Competence in the Development of Successful International Businesses, SSRN 1.8.2004


type: legislation

jurisdiction: EU

text:
 AN COIMISIÚN EORPACH
 An Bhruiséil,18.3.2021
 COM(2021) 127 final
 2021/0066(NLE)
 Togra le haghaidh
 CINNEADH ÓN gCOMHAIRLE
 maidir leis an seasamh atá le glacadh thar ceann an Aontais Eorpaigh san Eagraíocht Mhuirí Idirnáisiúnta le linn an 103ú seisiún den Choiste Muir-Shábháilteachta agus an 76ú seisiún den Choiste um Chaomhnú an Chomhshaoil Mhuirí maidir le leasuithe a ghlacadh ar an gCoinbhinsiún Idirnáisiúnta maidir le Caighdeáin Oiliúna, Deimhniúcháin agus Faire do Mharaithe, ar an gCód Idirnáisiúnta maidir le Clár Feabhsaithe na nIniúchtaí a dhéantar mar chuid de Shuirbhéanna ar Bhulc-iompróirí agus ar Thancaeir Ola, ar an gCód Idirnáisiúnta um Chórais le haghaidh Sábháilteacht ó Dhóiteáin agus ar an gCoinbhinsiún Idirnáisiúnta ar Chórais Dhíobhálacha Frithsmálaithe ar Longa a Rialú
 MEABHRÁN MÍNIÚCHÁIN
 1.Ábhar an togra
 Baineann an togra seo leis an gcinneadh lena mbunaítear an seasamh atá le glacadh thar ceann an Aontais ag an 103ú seisiún de Choiste Muir-Shábháilteachta na hEagraíochta Muirí Idirnáisiúnta (MSC 103) a reáchtálfar, trí bhíthin teileachomhdhála ón 5 go dtí an 14 Bealtaine 2021 agus ag an 76ú seisiún de Choiste um Chaomhnú an Chomhshaoil Mhuirí na hEagraíochta Muirí Idirnáisiúnta (MEPC 76) a reáchtálfar, trí bhíthin teileachomhdhála ón 7 go dtí an 17 Meitheamh 2021. Le linn MSC 103 tá sé beartaithe leasuithe a ghlacadh orthu seo a leanas:
 –an Coinbhinsiún Idirnáisiúnta maidir le Caighdeáin Oiliúna, Deimhniúcháin agus Faire do Mharaithe (Coinbhinsiún STCW),
 –an Cód Idirnáisiúnta maidir le Clár Feabhsaithe na nIniúchtaí a dhéantar mar chuid de Shuirbhéanna ar Bhulc-iompróirí agus ar Thancaeir Ola (Cód ESP),
 –an Cód Idirnáisiúnta um Chórais le haghaidh Sábháilteacht ó Dhóiteáin (Cód FSS)
 Le linn MSC 76 tá sé beartaithe leasuithe a ghlacadh ar:
 –an gCoinbhinsiún ar Chórais Frithsmálaithe (Coinbhinsiún AFS)
 2.COMHTHÉACS AN TOGRA
 2.1.An Coinbhinsiún maidir leis an Eagraíocht Mhuirí Idirnáisiúnta
 Is leis an gCoinbhinsiún maidir leis an Eagraíocht Mhuirí Idirnáisiúnta a bhunaítear an Eagraíocht Mhuirí Idirnáisiúnta (IMO). Is é is cuspóir don Eagraíocht Mhuirí Idirnáisiúnta fóram a chur ar fáil le haghaidh comhar i réimse na rialála agus na gcleachtas a bhaineann le hábhair theicniúla de gach cineál a dhéanann difear do loingeas atá ag gabháil do thrádáil idirnáisiúnta. Thairis sin, tá sé d’aidhm aici glacadh ginearálta na gcaighdeán is airde is féidir a chur chun cinn maidir le hábhair a bhaineann leis an tsábháilteacht mhuirí, le héifeachtúlacht na loingseoireachta agus le cosc agus rialú an truaillithe mhuirí ó longa, agus leis sin an cothrom iomaíochta a chur chun cinn. Bíonn sí ag plé freisin leis na hábhair riaracháin agus dlí a bhaineann leis an méid sin.
 Tháinig an Coinbhinsiún i bhfeidhm an 17 Márta 1958.
 Tá na Ballstáit uile ina bpáirtithe sa Choinbhinsiún.
 Tá na Ballstáit uile ina bpáirtithe sa Choinbhinsiún Idirnáisiúnta um Thruailliú ó Longa a Chosc (‘MARPOL’), 1973, a tháinig i bhfeidhm an 2 Deireadh Fómhair 1983 agus tá siad ina bpáirtithe in Iarscríbhinn VI, a tháinig i bhfeidhm an 18 Bealtaine 2005. Níl an tAontas ina pháirtí i gCoinbhinsiún MARPOL.
 Tá na Ballstáit uile ina bpáirtithe sa Choinbhinsiún Idirnáisiúnta um Shábháilteacht Anama ar Muir (‘SOLAS’), 1974, a tháinig i bhfeidhm an 25 Bealtaine 1980. Níl an tAontas ina pháirtí i gCoinbhinsiún SOLAS.
 Faoin gCoinbhinsiún SOLAS, rinneadh cód sainordaitheach den Chód Idirnáisiúnta um Shábháilteacht Long a úsáideann Gáis nó Breoslaí Íseal-splancphointe Eile (Cód IGF). Is é is cuspóir dó cód idirnáisiúnta a chur ar fáil le haghaidh longa a úsáideann gáis nó leachtanna íseal-splancphointe mar bhreosla. Tugtar aghaidh sa Chód ar na réimsí uile ar gá aird ar leith a thabhairt orthu i dtaca le húsáid gáis nó leachtanna íseal-splancphointe mar bhreosla. Tá le fáil ann critéir le haghaidh socrú agus suiteáil innealra le haghaidh tiomána agus feidhmeanna cúnta, arb innealra é a úsáideann gás nádúrtha mar bhreosla, a mbeidh leibhéal sláine aige, ó thaobh na sábháilteachta agus na hiontaofachta de, a bheidh coibhéiseach leis an leibhéal is féidir a bhaint amach le príomhinnealra agus le hinnealra cúnta nua de chineál atá inchomparáide leis agus a oibrítear le breosla gnáthola.
 2.2.An Eagraíocht Mhuirí Idirnáisiúnta
 Is sainghníomhaireacht de chuid na Náisiún Aontaithe í an Eagraíocht Mhuirí Idirnáisiúnta (IMO) a bhfuil freagracht uirthi maidir le sábháilteacht agus slándáil loingis agus maidir le truailliú muirí ó longa a chosc. Is é IMO an t‐údarás domhanda ó thaobh caighdeáin a leagan síos maidir le sábháilteacht, slándáil agus feidhmíocht chomhshaoil an loingis idirnáisiúnta. Is é an príomhról atá aige creat rialála cóir éifeachtach a chruthú le haghaidh an tionscail loingis, creat a ghlacfar go huilíoch agus a chuirfear chun feidhme go huilíoch.
 Is féidir le gach Stát a bheith ina bhall de IMO agus tá Ballstáit uile an Aontais ina mbaill de IMO. An Socrú le haghaidh Comhoibriú agus Comhar idir an Eagraíocht Chomhairleach Mhuirí Idir-rialtasach (IMCO) agus Coimisiún na gComhphobal Eorpach in 1974, is air go háirithe atá caidreamh an Aontais le IMO bunaithe.
 Tá Baill uile IMO ar Choiste Muir-Shábháilteachta IMO agus bíonn cruinniú aige uair amháin sa bhliain ar a laghad. Pléann sé le haon ábhar atá faoi raon feidhme na hEagraíochta a bhaineann le háiseanna loingseoireachta, déanmhas agus trealamh soithí, foireannú ó thaobh na sábháilteachta de, rialacha le haghaidh imbhuailtí a chosc, láimhseáil lastaí contúirteacha, nósanna imeachta agus ceanglais i ndáil leis an tsábháilteacht mhuirí, faisnéis hidreagrafach, logleabhair agus taifid loingseoireachta, imscrúdú ar thaismigh mhuirí, tarrthálas agus tarrtháil, agus aon ábhar eile a dhéanann difear díreach don tsábháilteacht mhuirí.
 Tá baill uile IMO ar Choiste um Chaomhnú an Chomhshaoil Mhuirí IMO freisin agus bíonn cruinniú aige sin uair amháin sa bhliain ar a laghad. Tugann sé aghaidh ar shaincheisteanna comhshaoil atá faoi raon feidhme na hEagraíochta a mhéid a bhaineann le rialú agus cosc truaillithe ó longa a chumhdaítear faoi choinbhinsiún MARPOL, lena n‐áirítear truailliú ó ola, ó cheimiceáin a iompraítear i mbulc, ó shéarachas, ó dhramhaíl agus ó astaíochtaí ó longa isteach san aer, lena n‐áirítear truailleáin aeir agus astaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa. Ar na hábhair eile a chumhdaítear tá bainistíocht uisce ballasta, córais frithsmálaithe, athchúrsáil long, ullmhacht agus freagairt i dtaca le truailliú, agus aithint limistéar speisialta agus limistéar farraige lena mbaineann íogaireacht ar leith.
 Soláthraíonn Coiste Muir-Shábháilteachta IMO agus Coiste um Chaomhnú an Chomhshaoil Mhuirí IMO an t‐innealra chun aon dualgas a shanntar dóibh faoi Choinbhinsiún IMO, faoi Chomhthionól IMO nó faoi Chomhairle IMO a chur i gcrích, nó aon dualgas faoin raon feidhme thuasluaite a d’fhéadfaí a shannadh dóibh le haon ionstraim idirnáisiúnta eile nó faoi aon ionstraim idirnáisiúnta eile agus a ghlacfadh IMO. Is trí thromlach na mBall a ghlactar cinntí an Choiste um Chaomhnú an Chomhshaoil Mhuirí agus an Choiste Muir-Shábháilteachta agus a bhfochomhlachtaí.
 2.3.Na gníomhartha atá beartaithe ag Coiste Muir-Shábháilteachta IMO
 An 5 go dtí an 14 Bealtaine 2021 tá MSC 103 le leasuithe ar Choinbhinsiún agus Cód STCW, Cód ESP, Cód FSS, Caibidil III SOLAS agus Cód LSA a ghlacadh.
 Na leasuithe atá beartaithe ar rialachán 1/1 de Choinbhinsiún STCW, is é is cuspóir dóibh sainmhíniú ar ‘ardvoltas’ a áireamh agus na leasuithe atá beartaithe ar roinn A-1/1 de Chód STCW, is é is cuspóir dóibh an sainmhíniú ar ‘leibhéal oibríochtúil’ a leasú chun an inniúlacht ‘oifigeach leictriteicniúil’ a áireamh.
 Na leasuithe atá beartaithe ar Iarscríbhinn 2 de Chuid A d’Iarscríbhinn B de Chód ESP 2011, is é is cuspóir dóibh glacadh toisí tiúis i dtancaeir ola cabhlach dúbailte a theorannú do limistéir a bhfuil amhras fúthu mar chuid den chéad suirbhé athnuachana.
 Na leasuithe atá beartaithe ar Chaibidil 9 den Chód um Chórais le haghaidh Sábháilteacht ó Dhóiteáin (FSS), is é is cuspóir dóibh a shoiléiriú maidir le haonrú lochtanna trí shainaithint de réir na roinne le haghaidh brathadóirí dóiteáin is féidir a shainaithint go leithleach atá suiteáilte ar lastlonga agus ar bhalcóiní na gcábán i longa paisinéirí, rud (i.e. an t‐aonrú lochtanna) nach bhfuil chomh casta ná chomh costasach agus atá inghlactha.
 2.4.An gníomh atá beartaithe ag Coiste um Chaomhnú an Chomhshaoil Mhuirí IMO
 An 10 go dtí an 17 Meitheamh 2021 tá MEPC 76 le leasuithe ar Choinbhinsiún AFS a ghlacadh. Is é is cuspóir dó na leasuithe atá beartaithe ciobúitrín a chur ar liosta na substaintí frithsmálaithe a bhfuil toirmeasc orthu. Is toradh é sin ar thionscnamh de chuid an Aontais Eorpaigh.
 3.An seasamh atá le glacadh thar ceann an Aontais
 3.1.Leasuithe ar an gCoinbhinsiún Idirnáisiúnta maidir le Caighdeáin Oiliúna, Deimhniúcháin agus Faire do Mharaithe
 Le linn an séú seisiún den Fhochoiste um an nGné Dhaonna, um Oiliúint agus um Fhaire (HTW 6), a bhí ar siúl i Londain ón 29 Aibreán go dtí an 3 Bealtaine 2019, ghlac an Fochoiste le hiarraidh ó ITF inar moladh leibhéal oibríochtúil fheidhmeanna an ‘oifigigh leictriteicniúil’ a shoiléiriú maidir leis an sainmhíniú ar ‘leibhéal oibríochtúil’ i roinn A-I/1 de Chód STCW (Sainmhínithe agus soiléirithe) agus sainmhíniú nua ar ‘ardvoltas’ a áireamh sa roinn sin.
 Ina dhiaidh sin, tháinig an Fochoiste ar chomhaontú maidir leis an dréacht-sainmhíniú ar ‘ardvoltas’ atá le háireamh i rialachán I/1 STCW, mar a leagtar amach in iarscríbhinn 7 de HTW6/13 le cur faoi bhráid MSC 102 lena fhormheas d’fhonn é a ghlacadh. Chomhaontaigh an Fochoiste freisin ar an dréachtleasú ar roinn A-I/1 de Chód STCW maidir leis an inniúlacht ‘oifigeach leictriteicniúil’ a áireamh sa sainmhíniú ar ‘leibhéal oibríochtúil’, mar leasú iarmhartach ar thabhairt isteach na hinniúlachta sin mar chuid de Leasuithe Mhainile 2010, mar a leagtar amach in iarscríbhinn 8 de HTW 6/13 le cur faoi bhráid MSC 102 lena fhormheas d’fhonn é a ghlacadh.
 D’fhormheas MSC 102 na leasuithe agus léirítear le míreanna 13.9 agus 13.10 de thuarascáil MSC 102 (MSC 102/24) go bhforáiltear go nglacfar na leasuithe ag MSC 103.
 Ba cheart don Aontas tacú leis na leasuithe sin, ós rud é go soiléirítear leo leibhéal oibríochtúil fheidhmeanna an ‘oifigigh leictriteicniúil’ agus ós rud é go dtugann siad isteach sainmhíniú comónta ar an téarma ‘ardvoltas’
 3.2.Leasuithe ar an gCód Idirnáisiúnta maidir le Clár Feabhsaithe na nIniúchtaí a dhéantar mar chuid de Shuirbhéanna ar Bhulc-iompróirí agus ar Thancaeir Ola (Cód ESP)
 Le linn a seachtú seisiún mheas an Fochoiste um Dhearadh agus Déanmhas Long togra ó IACS, arna thacú le staidéar, chun iarscríbhinn 2 de chuid A d’iarscríbhinn B de Chód ESP 2011 a leasú, arna leasú le rún MSC.461(101), lenar leor limistéir a bhfuil amhras fúthu amháin a bhreithniú maidir le toisí tiúis a ghlacadh i dtancaeir ola cabhlach dúbailte mar chuid den chéad suirbhé athnuachana. Tar éis plé gearr a dhéanamh, chomhaontaigh an Fochoiste ar na dréachtleasuithe ar Chód ESP 2011, mar a leagtar amach in iarscríbhinn 7, le cur faoi bhráid MSC 102 d’fhonn iad a fhormheas agus ina dhiaidh sin iad a ghlacadh.
 D’fhormheas MSC 102 na leasuithe agus léirítear le mír 17.24 de thuarascáil MSC (MSC 102/24) go bhforáiltear go nglacfar na leasuithe ag MSC 103. Áiríodh an t‐ábhar seo cheana féin i bpáipéar leathoifigiúil an Aontais Eorpaigh maidir le MSC 102.
 Ba cheart don Aontas tacú leis na leasuithe sin ós rud é go gceadaíonn siad do IACS díriú ar limistéir a bhfuil amhras fúthu maidir le toisí tiúis a ghlacadh i dtancaeir ola cabhlach dúbailte.
 3.3.Leasuithe ar an gCód Idirnáisiúnta um Chórais le haghaidh Sábháilteacht ó Dhóiteáin (Cód FSS).
 I MSC 98 áiríodh ítim nua maidir le ‘Leasuithe ar chaibidil 9 de Chód FSS i dtaca le ceanglais aonrú lochtanna le haghaidh lastlonga agus balcóiní na gcábán i longa paisinéirí atá feistithe le córais um brath dóiteáin is féidir a shainaithint go leithleach’ ar chlár oibre débhliantúil 2018-2019 an Fhochoiste agus ar chlár oibre sealadach le haghaidh SSE 6, arb é 2020 an spriocbhliain ina leith (MSC 98/23, mír 20.34).
 Le linn an seachtú seisiún den Fhochoiste um Chórais agus Trealamh ar Longa (SSE), chomhaontaigh an Fochoiste ar na dréachtleasuithe ar chaibidil 9 den Chód Idirnáisiúnta um Chórais le haghaidh Sábháilteacht ó Dhóiteáin (Cód FSS) agus ar na rúin MSC comhlachaithe, mar a leagtar amach in iarscríbhinn 3 dá thuairisc SSE 7/21 d’fhonn é a fhormheas ag MSC 102.
 D’fhormheas MSC 102 na dréachtleasuithe ar chaibidil 9 de Chód FSS agus léirítear le mír 19.8 de thuarascáil MSC (MSC 102/24) go bhforáiltear go nglacfar na leasuithe ag MSC 103.
 Ba cheart don Aontas tacú leis na leasuithe sin ós rud é go bhfreastalaíonn siad ar chórais ina gcomhcheanglaítear an tsábháilteacht fheabhsaithe a ghabhann le brathadóirí dóiteáin is féidir a shainaithint go leithleach agus a leagtar de cheanglas iad a bheith i longa paisinéirí, agus an tsábháilteacht a ghabhann le haonrú lochtanna trí shainaithint de réir na roinne, rud (i.e. an t‐aonrú lochtanna) nach bhfuil chomh casta ná chomh costasach agus atá inghlactha maidir le lastlonga agus maidir le balcóiní na gcábán i longa paisinéirí, agus maidir leo siúd amháin.
 3.4.Leasuithe ar an gCoinbhinsiún ar Chórais Frithsmálaithe
 Ghlac MEPC 71 le hiarraidh an Aontais Eorpaigh lena moladh ítim nua chun Iarscríbhinn 1 a ghabhann leis an gCoinbhinsiún Idirnáisiúnta ar Chórais Dhíobhálacha Frithsmálaithe ar Longa a Rialú (AFS) Coinbhinsiún, 2001, a leasú chun rialuithe ar chiobúitrín a áireamh agus cuireadh an iarraidh ar aghaidh chuig an gcúigiú seisiún den Fhochoiste um Chosc agus Rialú Truaillithe (PPR 5) chun go ndéanfaí iad a mheas.
 Thug MEPC 73 dá aire gur chomhaontaigh PPR 5 go raibh gá le hathbhreithniú níos mionsonraithe ar chiobúitrín, tar éis do PPR 5 teacht ar chomhaontú i dtús báire i dtaca leis an gcéad togra maidir le hiarscríbhinn 1 a ghabhann le Coinbhinsiún AFS a leasú chun rialuithe ar chiobúitrín a áireamh, arna gcur isteach thar ceann an Aontais i ndoiciméad PPR 5/19 in éineacht leis an bhfaisnéis a bhí i ndoiciméad PPR 5/INF.9, gur chomhlíon sé ceanglais iarscríbhinn 2 a ghabhann le Coinbhinsiún AFS.
 Tar éis an phlé ag PPR 7, chomhaontaigh an Fochoiste ar (1) an dréachtleasú ar Iarscríbhinn 1 (Rialuithe ar chórais frithsmálaithe) a ghabhann le Coinbhinsiún AFS chun rialuithe ar chiobúitrín a áireamh, mar a leagtar amach in iarscríbhinní 1 go 6, chun go ndéanfadh MEPC 75 iad a mheas, d’fhonn na dátaí éifeachtacha atá idir lúibíní cearnacha faoi láthair a réiteach agus ina dhiaidh sin a fhormheas; agus (2) na dréachtleasuithe ar Iarscríbhinn 4 (Suirbhéanna agus ceanglais deimhniúcháin maidir le córais frithsmálaithe) a ghabhann le Coinbhinsiún AFS, lena n‐áirítear na dréachtleasuithe ar fhoirm shamplach an Deimhnithe Idirnáisiúnta um Chórais Frithsmálaithe, chun go ndéanfadh MEPC 75 iad a mheas, d’fhonn iad a fhormheas.
 Bhailchríochnaigh MSC 75 téacs na ndréachtleasuithe ar Choinbhinsiún AFS agus léirítear le mír 10.17 de thuarascáil MEPC (MEPC 75/18) go bhforáiltear go nglacfar na leasuithe ag MEPC 76. Áiríodh an seasamh chun tacú leis na leasuithe sin i bpáipéar leathoifigiúil an Aontais Eorpaigh maidir le MEPC 75.
 Is é an tAontas a thionscain an glao ar thoirmeasc domhanda maidir leis an substaint frithsmálaithe sin, substaint a bhfuil sé toirmiscthe í a dhíol laistigh den Aontas Eorpach anois. Dá bhrí sin, ba cheart don Aontas tacú leis na leasuithe sin, ós rud é go dtabharfar isteach toirmeasc domhanda mar thoradh orthu, agus ar an gcaoi sin bainfear amach sprioc an Aontais.
 3.5.Reachtaíocht ábhartha an Aontais Eorpaigh agus inniúlacht an Aontais Eorpaigh
 3.5.1.Leasuithe ar an gCoinbhinsiún Idirnáisiúnta maidir le Caighdeáin Oiliúna, Deimhniúcháin agus Faire do Mharaithe
 Le Treoir 2008/106/CE
 1
 , ceanglaítear ar na Ballstáit a áirithiú go gcuirtear oiliúint ar mharaithe atá ar a laghad i gcomhréir le ceanglais Choinbhinsiún STCW agus go gcuirtear an chuid shainordaitheach de Chód STCW, Cuid A, i bhfeidhm. Sa chás faoi chaibidil, tá ábharthacht faoi leith ag baint le hAirteagal 1, míreanna 6 agus 7 den Treoir, lena léirítear freagrachtaí na n‐oifigeach loinge sonrach i dtaca le saincheisteanna a bhaineann le leictreachas, agus Rialachán III/5 de Chaibidil I d’Iarscríbhinn I, lena dtagraítear d’fheidhm shonrach na hinnealtóireachta leictrí, leictreonaí agus rialaithe, dá sanntar na cumais a shonraítear sna caighdeáin inniúlachta. Na leasuithe sin lena dtabharfar isteach athruithe ar Chuid A de Chód STCW agus a bhfuiltear lena nglacadh le linn MEPC 103, dhéanfaidís difear do cheanglais na Treorach.
 3.5.2.Leasuithe ar an gCód Idirnáisiúnta maidir le Clár Feabhsaithe na nIniúchtaí a dhéantar mar chuid de Shuirbhéanna ar Bhulc-iompróirí agus ar Thancaeir Ola
 Le hAirteagail 5 agus 6 de Rialachán (AE) Uimh. 530/2012 ó Pharlaimint na hEorpa agus ón gComhairle
 2
 , tá cur i bhfeidhm Scéim um Bailmheasúnú (CAS) IMO sainordaitheach i dtaca le tancaeir ola aonchabhlach os cionn 15 bliana d’aois. Le Clár Feabhsaithe na nIniúchtaí a dhéantar mar chuid de Shuirbhéanna ar Bhulc-iompróirí agus ar Thancaeir Ola, sonraítear conas an measúnú níos dlúithe sin a dhéanamh. Ós rud é go mbaineann CAS úsáid as ESP chun a aidhm a bhaint amach, trí Rialachán (AE) Uimh. 530/2012 beidh feidhm go huathoibríoch ag aon athrú ar iniúchtaí ESP, ar nós na leasuithe atá ann faoi láthair chun suirbhéanna a dhíriú ar limistéir a bhfuil amhras fúthu maidir le toisí tiúis a ghlacadh i dtancaeir ola cabhlach dúbailte mar chuid den chéad suirbhé athnuachana.
 3.5.3.Leasuithe ar an gCód Idirnáisiúnta um Chórais le haghaidh Sábháilteacht ó Dhóiteáin (Cód FSS)
 Le hAirteagal 6(2)(a)(i) de Threoir 2009/45/CE maidir le rialacha agus caighdeáin sábháilteachta le haghaidh longa paisinéirí
 3
 , cuirtear Coinbhinsiún SOLAS, arna leasú, i bhfeidhm i dtaca le longa paisinéirí d’Aicme A. Le Coinbhinsiún SOLAS, déantar cód sainordaitheach de Chód FSS i dtaca le longa paisinéirí.
 Dá bhrí sin, na leasuithe sin ar Chód FSS a bhfuiltear lena nglacadh le linn MSC 103, dhéanfaidís difear do na ceanglais is infheidhme trí Threoir 2009/45/CE.
 3.5.4.Leasuithe ar an gCoinbhinsiún ar Chórais Frithsmálaithe
 Le Rialachán (AE) Uimh. 528/2012 ón Aontas Eorpach maidir le Táirgí Bithicídeacha
 4
 , rialaítear táirgí ar nós táirgí frithsmálaithe a mhéid a bhaineann le iad a chur ar fáil ar an margadh agus a úsáid. I ndiaidh thorthaí an athbhreithnithe piaraí agus roinnt staidéar eolaíochta a rinneadh ar leibhéal an Aontais Eorpaigh, ghlac an Coimisiún Cinneadh Cur Chun Feidhme (AE) 2016/107 an 27 Eanáir 2016
 5
 , lena gcuirtear toirmeasc éifeachtach ar phéinteanna frithsmálaithe ina bhfuil ciobúitrín a chur ar an margadh agus a úsáid i mBallstát uile an Aontais agus i dtíortha LEE. Dá bhrí sin, déanfaidh na leasuithe ar an gCoinbhinsiún ar Chórais Frithsmálaithe difear do Rialachán (AE) 528/2012.
 3.5.5.Inniúlacht an Aontais Eorpaigh
 Dhéanfadh na leasuithe ar Chuid A de Chód STCW difear do dhlí an Aontais Eorpaigh trí chur i bhfeidhm Threoir 2008/106/CE.
 Dhéanfadh na leasuithe ar Chód ESP difear do dhlí an Aontais Eorpaigh trí chur i bhfeidhm Rialachán (AE) 530/2012.
 Dhéanfadh na leasuithe ar an gCód Idirnáisiúnta um Chórais le haghaidh Sábháilteacht ó Dhóiteáin (Cód FSS) difear do dhlí an Aontais Eorpaigh trí chur i bhfeidhm Airteagal 6(2)(a)(i) de Threoir 2009/45/CE.
 Dhéanfadh na leasuithe ar an gCoinbhinsiún Idirnáisiúnta ar Chórais Dhíobhálacha Frithsmálaithe ar Longa a Rialú difear do dhlí an Aontais Eorpaigh trí chur i bhfeidhm Rialachán (AE) 528/2012.
 Dá bhrí sin, tá inniúlacht eisiach ag an Aontas de bhua an choir dheireanaigh d’Airteagal 3(2) CFAE agus, ar an ábhar sin, is gá seasamh an Aontais a bhunú maidir leis na gníomhartha lena nglactar na leasuithe thuasluaite.
 4.Bunús dlí
 4.1.Bunús dlí don nós imeachta
 4.1.1.Prionsabail
 In Airteagal 218(9) den Chonradh ar Fheidhmiú an Aontais Eorpaigh (CFAE) déantar foráil maidir le cinntí lena leagtar síos ‘na seasaimh a ghlacfar thar ceann an Aontais i gcomhlacht arna chur ar bun le comhaontú nuair a iarrtar ar an gcomhlacht sin gníomhartha a ghlacadh a bhfuil éifeachtaí dlíthiúla leo, seachas gníomhartha lena bhforlíonfar nó lena leasófar creat institiúideach an chomhaontaithe.’
 Tá feidhm ag Airteagal 218(9) CFAE gan beann ar cé acu atá an tAontas ina bhall den chomhlacht nó ina pháirtí sa chomhaontú
 6
 .
 Áirítear ar na ‘gníomhartha a bhfuil éifeachtaí dlíthiúla leo’ gníomhartha a bhfuil éifeachtaí dlíthiúla leo de bhua rialacha an dlí idirnáisiúnta lena rialaítear an comhlacht atá i gceist. Áirítear air freisin ionstraimí nach bhfuil éifeacht cheangailteach leo faoin dlí idirnáisiúnta, ach ‘a d’fhéadfadh tionchar cinntitheach a imirt ar ábhar na reachtaíochta a ghlacfaidh reachtóir an Aontais Eorpaigh’
 7
 .
 4.1.2.Cur i bhfeidhm maidir leis an gcás seo
 Is comhlachtaí iad an Coiste um Chaomhnú an Chomhshaoil Mhuirí agus an Coiste Muir-Shábháilteachta a cuireadh ar bun le comhaontú, is é sin an Coinbhinsiún maidir leis an Eagraíocht Mhuirí Idirnáisiúnta.
 Is gníomhartha a bhfuil éifeachtaí dlíthiúla acu iad na gníomhartha a iarrtar ar an dá choiste IMO a ghlacadh. D’fhéadfadh na gníomhartha atá beartaithe tionchar cinntitheach a bheith acu ar a bhfuil sa reachtaíocht seo a leanas de chuid an Aontais Eorpaigh, eadhon:
 –Treoir (AE) 2008/106 ó Pharlaimint na hEorpa agus ón gComhairle an 19 Samhain 2008 maidir leis an íosleibhéal oiliúna ar mharaithe. Is amhlaidh atá toisc go gcuireann an Treoir Cuid A de Chód STCW i bhfeidhm.
 –Rialachán (AE) Uimh. 530/2012 ó Pharlaimint na hEorpa agus ón gComhairle an 13 Meitheamh 2012 maidir le ceanglais cabhlach dúbailte nó ceanglais deartha choibhéiseacha a chéimniú isteach ar mhodh luathaithe do thancaeir ola aonchabhlach. Is amhlaidh atá toisc go leagtar síos leis an Rialachán go bhfuil cur i bhfeidhm Scéim um Bailmheasúnú (CAS) IMO sainordaitheach i dtaca le tancaeir ola aonchabhlach os cionn 15 bliana d’aois. Le Clár Feabhsaithe na nIniúchtaí a dhéantar mar chuid de Shuirbhéanna ar Bhulc-iompróirí agus ar Thancaeir Ola (ESP), sonraítear conas an measúnú níos dlúithe sin a dhéanamh. Ós rud é go mbaineann CAS úsáid as ESP chun a aidhm a bhaint amach, trí Rialachán (AE) Uimh. 530/2012 beidh feidhm go huathoibríoch ag aon athrú ar iniúchtaí ESP.
 –Treoir 2009/45/CE ó Pharlaimint na hEorpa agus ón gComhairle maidir le rialacha agus caighdeáin sábháilteachta le haghaidh longa paisinéirí. Is amhlaidh atá toisc go leagtar síos le Treoir 2009/45 nach mór do longa paisinéirí d’Aicme A ceanglais Choinbhinsiún SOLAS, arna leasú, a chomhlíonadh go hiomlán. Le Coinbhinsiún SOLAS, déantar cód sainordaitheach de Chód FSS.
 –Rialachán (AE) Uimh. 528/2012 ó Pharlaimint na hEorpa agus ón gComhairle an 22 Bealtaine 2012 maidir le táirgí bithicídeacha a chur ar fáil ar an margadh agus a úsáid. Is amhlaidh atá toisc go leagtar síos leis an Rialachán go gcuirtear toirmeasc ar phéinteanna frithsmálaithe ina bhfuil ciobúitrín a chur ar an margadh agus a úsáid i mBallstát uile an Aontais agus i dtíortha LEE.
 Dá bhrí sin, dhéanfadh na leasuithe ar
 –an gCoinbhinsiún Idirnáisiúnta maidir le Caighdeáin Oiliúna, Deimhniúcháin agus Faire do Mharaithe
 –an gCód Idirnáisiúnta maidir le Clár Feabhsaithe na nIniúchtaí a dhéantar mar chuid de Shuirbhéanna ar Bhulc-iompróirí agus ar Thancaeir Ola
 –an gCód Idirnáisiúnta um Chórais le haghaidh Sábháilteacht ó Dhóiteáin (Cód FSS),
 –an gCoinbhinsiún Idirnáisiúnta ar Chórais Dhíobhálacha Frithsmálaithe ar Longa a Rialú
 difear do dhlí an Aontais Eorpaigh trí chur i bhfeidhm Threoir (AE) 2008/106 ó Pharlaimint na hEorpa agus ón gComhairle an 19 Samhain 2008 maidir leis an íosleibhéal oiliúna ar mharaithe; Rialachán (AE) Uimh. 530/2012 ó Pharlaimint na hEorpa agus ón gComhairle an 13 Meitheamh 2012 maidir le ceanglais cabhlach dúbailte nó ceanglais deartha choibhéiseacha a chéimniú isteach ar mhodh luathaithe do thancaeir ola aonchabhlach; Threoir 2009/45/CE ó Pharlaimint na hEorpa agus ón gComhairle an 6 Bealtaine 2009 maidir le rialacha sábháilteachta agus caighdeáin le haghaidh longa paisinéirí; agus Rialachán (AE) Uimh. 528/2012 ó Pharlaimint na hEorpa agus ón gComhairle an 22 Bealtaine 2012 maidir le táirgí bithicídeacha a chur ar fáil ar an margadh agus a úsáid, faoi seach.
 Ní dhéantar creat institiúideach an Chomhaontaithe a fhorlíonadh ná a leasú de thoradh na ngníomhartha atá beartaithe.
 Dá bhrí sin, is é Airteagal 218(9) CFAE an bunús dlí don nós imeachta le haghaidh an chinnidh atá beartaithe.
 4.2.Bunús dlí substainteach
 4.2.1.Prionsabail
 Maidir leis an mbunús dlí substainteach i dtaca le cinneadh faoi Airteagal 218(9) CFAE, braitheann sé go príomha ar chuspóir agus ábhar an ghnímh atá beartaithe agus a bhfuiltear ag glacadh seasamh thar ceann an Aontais ina leith. Má tá dhá aidhm ag an ngníomh atá beartaithe nó má tá dhá chomhpháirt ann agus más féidir ceann de na haidhmeanna nó de na comhpháirteanna sin a shainaithint mar phríomhaidhm nó mar phríomh-chomhpháirt agus an ceann eile mar aidhm nó comhpháirt theagmhasach, ní mór an cinneadh faoi Airteagal 218(9) CFAE a bhunú ar bhunús dlí substainteach aonair, is é sin an bunús dlí a éilítear de réir na príomhaidhme nó na príomh-chomhpháirte.
 4.2.2.Cur i bhfeidhm maidir leis an gcás seo
 Is leis an muiriompar a bhaineann príomhchuspóir agus príomhábhar an ghnímh atá beartaithe. Dá bhrí sin, is é Airteagal 100(2) CFAE an bunús dlí substainteach le haghaidh an chinnidh atá beartaithe.
 4.3.Conclúid
 Ba cheart Airteagal 100(2) CFAE, i gcomhar le hAirteagal 218(9) CFAE, a bheith ina mbunús dlí le haghaidh an chinnidh atá beartaithe.
 2021/0066 (NLE)
 Togra le haghaidh
 CINNEADH ÓN gCOMHAIRLE
 maidir leis an seasamh atá le glacadh thar ceann an Aontais Eorpaigh san Eagraíocht Mhuirí Idirnáisiúnta le linn an 103ú seisiún den Choiste Muir-Shábháilteachta agus an 76ú seisiún den Choiste um Chaomhnú an Chomhshaoil Mhuirí maidir le leasuithe a ghlacadh ar an gCoinbhinsiún Idirnáisiúnta maidir le Caighdeáin Oiliúna, Deimhniúcháin agus Faire do Mharaithe, ar an gCód Idirnáisiúnta maidir le Clár Feabhsaithe na nIniúchtaí a dhéantar mar chuid de Shuirbhéanna ar Bhulc-iompróirí agus ar Thancaeir Ola, ar an gCód Idirnáisiúnta um Chórais le haghaidh Sábháilteacht ó Dhóiteáin agus ar an gCoinbhinsiún Idirnáisiúnta ar Chórais Dhíobhálacha Frithsmálaithe ar Longa a Rialú
 TÁ COMHAIRLE AN AONTAIS EORPAIGH,
 Ag féachaint don Chonradh ar Fheidhmiú an Aontais Eorpaigh, agus go háirithe Airteagal 100(2) de, i gcomhar le hAirteagal 218(9) de,
 Ag féachaint don togra ón gCoimisiún Eorpach,
 De bharr an mhéid seo a leanas:
 (1)Tháinig an Coinbhinsiún maidir leis an Eagraíocht Mhuirí Idirnáisiúnta (‘IMO’) i bhfeidhm an 17 Márta 1958.
 (2)Is sainghníomhaireacht de chuid na Náisiún Aontaithe é IMO a bhfuil freagracht uirthi maidir le sábháilteacht agus slándáil loingis agus maidir le truailliú muirí agus truailliú atmaisféarach ó longa a chosc. Tá Ballstáit uile an Aontais ina mbaill de IMO. Níl an tAontas ina bhall de IMO.
 (3)De bhun Airteagal 28(b) den Choinbhinsiún maidir le IMO, féadfaidh an Coiste Muir-Shábháilteachta leasuithe a ghlacadh ar an gCoinbhinsiún Idirnáisiúnta maidir le Caighdeáin Oiliúna, Deimhniúcháin agus Faire do Mharaithe (Coinbhinsiún STCW)
 8
 agus ar an gCoinbhinsiún Idirnáisiúnta um Shábháilteacht Anama ar Muir (‘Coinbhinsiún SOLAS’)
 9
 .
 (4)De bhun Airteagal 38(a) den Choinbhinsiún maidir le IMO, féadfaidh an Coiste um Chaomhnú an Chomhshaoil Mhuirí leasuithe a ghlacadh ar an gCoinbhinsiún Idirnáisiúnta ar Chórais Dhíobhálacha Frithsmálaithe ar Longa a Rialú (‘Coinbhinsiún AFS’)
 10
 .
 (5)Tá an Coiste Muir-Shábháilteachta, le linn a 103ú seisiún ón 5 go dtí an 14 Bealtaine 2021, le leasuithe a ghlacadh ar Choinbhinsiún STCW, ar an gCód Idirnáisiúnta maidir le Clár Feabhsaithe na nIniúchtaí a dhéantar mar chuid de Shuirbhéanna ar Bhulc-iompróirí agus ar Thancaeir Ola (Cód ESP) agus ar an gCód Idirnáisiúnta um Chórais le haghaidh Sábháilteacht ó Dhóiteáin (Cód FSS).
 (6)Tá an Coiste um Chaomhnú an Chomhshaoil Mhuirí, le linn a 76ú seisiún ón 10 go dtí an 17 Meitheamh 2021, le leasuithe ar Choinbhinsiún AFS a ghlacadh.
 (7)Is iomchuí an seasamh atá le glacadh thar ceann an Aontais le linn an 103ú seisiún den Choiste Muir-Shábháilteachta a bhunú, toisc go bhféadfadh na leasuithe ar STCW, ar an gCód ESP agus ar an gCód FSS tionchar cinntitheach a imirt ar a bhfuil i reachtaíocht an Aontais, eadhon i dTreoir 2008/106/CE ó Pharlaimint na hEorpa agus ón gComhairle
 11
 , i Rialachán (AE) 530/2012 ó Pharlaimint na hEorpa agus ón gComhairle
 12
 agus i dTreoir 2009/45/CE ó Pharlaimint na hEorpa agus ón gComhairle
 13
 , faoi seach.
 (8)Leis na leasuithe ar Chuid A de Chód STCW de Choinbhinsiún STCW, shoiléireofaí leibhéal oibríochtúil fheidhmeanna an ‘oifigigh leictriteicniúil’ agus thabharfaidís isteach sainmhíniú comónta ar an téarma ‘ardvoltas’. Dá bhrí sin, ba cheart don Aontas tacú leis na leasuithe sin ós rud é go soiléirítear leo feidhmeanna na ndaoine atá ag obair ar bord, agus go dtugann siad, leis sin, breis soiléireachta maidir leis na freagrachtaí agus na cúraimí éagsúla.
 (9)Leis na leasuithe ar Iarscríbhinn 2 de chuid A d’Iarscríbhinn B de Chód ESP, bheadh suirbhéirí in ann díriú ar limistéir a bhfuil amhras fúthu agus iad ag glacadh toisí tiúis i dtancaeir ola cabhlach dúbailte. Dá bhrí sin, ba cheart don Aontas tacú leis na leasuithe sin toisc go neartóidh siad an tsábháilteacht ar muir agus go laghdóidh siad an riosca go dtarlódh doirtí tráth a tharlódh tionóiscí.
 (10)Na leasuithe ar Chaibidil 9 de Chód FSS, d’fhreastalóidís ar chórais ina gcomhcheanglaítear an tsábháilteacht fheabhsaithe a ghabhann le brathadóirí dóiteáin is féidir a shainaithint go leithleach agus a leagtar de cheanglas iad a bheith i longa paisinéirí, agus an tsábháilteacht a ghabhann le haonrú lochtanna trí shainaithint de réir na roinne, rud (i.e. an t‐aonrú lochtanna) nach bhfuil chomh casta ná chomh costasach agus atá inghlactha maidir le lastlonga agus maidir le balcóiní na gcábán i longa paisinéirí, agus maidir leo siúd amháin. Ba cheart don Aontas tacú leis na leasuithe mar is fearr an chosaint a bheidh ag daoine ar bord i gcás dóiteán, de thoradh na leasuithe sin.
 (11)Is iomchuí an seasamh atá le glacadh thar ceann an Aontais le linn an 76ú seisiún den Choiste um Chaomhnú an Chomhshaoil Mhuirí a bhunú, toisc go bhféadfadh na leasuithe ar Iarscríbhinní 1 agus 4 de Choinbhinsiún AFS tionchar cinntitheach a imirt ar a bhfuil i reachtaíocht an Aontais, eadhon Rialachán (AE) Uimh. 528/2012 ó Pharlaimint na hEorpa agus ón gComhairle an 22 Bealtaine 2012 maidir le táirgí bithicídeacha a chur ar fáil ar an margadh agus a úsáid.
 (12)Leis na leasuithe ar Iarscríbhinní 1 agus 4 de Choinbhinsiún AFS, d’áiritheofaí go mbeadh toirmeasc domhanda ar an tsubstaint frithsmálaithe, ciobúitrín, substaint a bhfuil sé toirmiscthe cheana féin í a dhíol laistigh den Aontas.
 (13)Tá seasamh an Aontais le cur in iúl ag na Ballstáit sin den Aontas ar baill iad de Choiste Muir-Shábháilteachta IMO agus de Choiste um Chaomhnú an Chomhshaoil Mhuirí IMO, ag gníomhú dóibh go comhpháirteach,
 TAR ÉIS AN CINNEADH SEO A GHLACADH:
 Airteagal 1
 Na seasaimh atá le glacadh thar ceann an Aontais le linn an 103ú seisiún de Choiste Muir-Shábháilteachta na hEagraíochta Muirí Idirnáisiúnta (‘IMO’), is é a bheidh iontu aontú leis an méid seo a leanas:
 (a)glacadh na leasuithe ar an gCoinbhinsiún Idirnáisiúnta maidir le Caighdeáin Oiliúna, Deimhniúcháin agus Faire do Mharaithe a leagtar síos in Iarscríbhinní 7 agus 8 a ghabhann leis an doiciméad MSC 102/24, doiciméad de chuid IMO;
 (b)glacadh na leasuithe ar an gCód Idirnáisiúnta maidir le Clár Feabhsaithe na nIniúchtaí a dhéantar mar chuid de Shuirbhéanna ar Bhulc-iompróirí agus ar Thancaeir Ola a leagtar síos in Iarscríbhinn 15 a ghabhann leis an doiciméad MSC 102/24, doiciméad de chuid IMO; agus
 (c)glacadh na leasuithe ar an gCód Idirnáisiúnta um Chórais le haghaidh Sábháilteacht ó Dhóiteáin a leagtar síos in Iarscríbhinn 20 a ghabhann leis an doiciméad MSC 102/24, doiciméad de chuid IMO.
 Airteagal 2
 An seasamh atá le glacadh thar ceann an Aontais le linn an 76ú seisiún de Choiste um Chaomhnú an Chomhshaoil Mhuirí IMO, is é a bheidh ann aontú le glacadh na leasuithe ar an gCoinbhinsiún Idirnáisiúnta ar Chórais Dhíobhálacha Frithsmálaithe ar Longa a Rialú a leagtar síos in Iarscríbhinn 7 a ghabhann leis an doiciméad MEPC 75/18, doiciméad de chuid IMO.
 Airteagal 3
 1.Na Ballstáit sin den Aontas atá ina mbaill de Choiste Muir-Shábháilteachta IMO, cuirfidh siad an seasamh dá dtagraítear in Airteagal 1 in iúl, ag gníomhú dóibh go comhpháirteach.
 2.Na Ballstáit sin den Aontas atá ina mbaill de Choiste um Chaomhnú an Chomhshaoil Mhuirí IMO, cuirfidh siad an seasamh dá dtagraítear in Airteagal 2 in iúl, ag gníomhú dóibh go comhpháirteach.
 Airteagal 4
 Is chuig na Ballstáit a dhírítear an Cinneadh seo.
 Arna dhéanamh sa Bhruiséil,
 Thar ceann na Comhairle
 An tUachtarán
 (1)
 IO L 323, 3.12.2008, lch. 33–61
 (2)
 IO L 172, 30.6.2012, lch. 3-9
 (3)
 IO L 163, 25.6.2009, lch. 1-140
 (4)
 IO L 167, 27.6.2012, lch. 1-123
 (5)
 IO L 21, 28.1.2016, lch. 81-82
 (6)
 Cás C-399/12 An Ghearmáin v an Chomhairle (OIV), ECLI:EU:C:2014:2258, mír 64.
 (7)
 Cás C-399/12 An Ghearmáin v an Chomhairle (OIV), ECLI:EU:C:2014:2258, míreanna 61–64.
 (8)
 Tháinig Coinbhinsiún SOLAS i bhfeidhm an 28 Aibreán 1984.
 (9)
 Tháinig Coinbhinsiún SOLAS i bhfeidhm an 25 Bealtaine 1980.
 (10)
 Tháinig Coinbhinsiún SOLAS i bhfeidhm an 17 Meán Fómhair 2008.
 (11)
 Treoir 2008/106/CE ó Pharlaimint na hEorpa agus ón gComhairle an 19 Samhain 2008 maidir leis an íosleibhéal oiliúna ar mharaithe (IO L 323, 3.12.2008, lch. 33).
 (12)
 Rialachán (AE) Uimh. 530/2012 ó Pharlaimint na hEorpa agus ón gComhairle an 13 Meitheamh 2012 maidir le ceanglais cabhlach dúbailte nó ceanglais deartha choibhéiseacha a chéimniú isteach ar mhodh luathaithe do thancaeir ola aonchabhlach (IO L 172, 30.6.2012, lch. 3).
 (13)
 Treoir 2009/45/CE ó Pharlaimint na hEorpa agus ón gComhairle an 6 Bealtaine 2009 maidir le rialacha agus caighdeáin sábháilteachta le haghaidh longa paisinéirí (IO L 163, 25.6.2009, lch. 1).


type: wikipedia

text:
Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar y Palacios Ponte Blanco [bolibar] (24. července 1783 San Mateo u Caracasu, Nová Granada, dnes Venezuela – 17. prosince 1830 Santa Marta, Kolumbie) byl venezuelský generál a politik, jeden z hlavních představitelů jihoamerického boje za nezávislost na Španělsku.
 Život
 Simón Bolívar byl synem šlechtice španělského původu; otec mu zemřel ve věku tří let, matka, když mu bylo dvanáct. Ujal se ho strýc, se kterým se ale Simón pohádal a tři roky po smrti své matky se odstěhoval ke svému učiteli Simónu Rodríguezovi. Roku 1798 vstoupil Bolívar do venezuelské milice jako kadet. Roku 1799 odešel studovat do Španělska. Pokračoval do Francie, kde studoval francouzštinu, vedl rozmařilý život a stal se velkým přívržencem Napoleona Bonaparte. Roku 1802 se vrátil do Španělska, kde se oženil se svou příbuznou Maríí Teresou Rodríguezovou del Toro. Nakrátko se vrátil do vlasti v letech 1803–1804, nedlouho po příjezdu jeho manželka María Teresa zemřela. 2. prosince 1804 se Bolívar zúčastnil Napoleonovy korunovace. O rok později byl přizván mezi Svobodné zednáře. Do vlasti se definitivně vrátil roku 1807. Zapojil se do hnutí usilujícího o osvobození ze španělské nadvlády. Pro tuto činnost byl vypovězen na svůj statek, takže Venezuelské revoluce se přímo neúčastnil. Když roku 1810 junta v Caracasu prohlásila nezávislost, vyslala Bolívara jako vyjednavače do Anglie. Dne 2. března 1811 zasedal Venezuelský kongres. V roce 1812 se Bolívar účastnil neúspěšného povstání venezuelských republikánů pod vedením Franciska de Mirandy. Po Mirandově kapitulaci pak v Cartageně organizoval ozbrojené síly, které se roku 1813 zmocnily Caracasu; Bolívar získal titul Osvoboditel (El Libertador) – ten mu přiřkla 14. října 1813 Caracaská rada.
 V roce 1814 se mu nakrátko podařilo osvobodit i Bogotu, ale následujícího roku po opětovné porážce odešel hledat pomoc na Jamajku, později na Haiti. V roce 1816 se opět vrátil s vojskem a dobyl Angosturu (dnešní Ciudad Bolívar), která se stala sídlem revoluční vlády. Po vítězství u Boyacá v roce 1819 byla velká část Nové Granady osvobozena a začlenila se do Velké Kolumbie (stát na území dnešní Venezuely, Kolumbie, Panamy a Ekvádoru), vytvořené na kongresu v Angostuře. Bolívar bojoval za svůj sen o jednotné Jižní Americe a stal se prezidentem Velké Kolumbie. Další vítězství nad španělskými vojsky v letech 1821 až 1822 upevnila Bolívarovo postavení. Bolívar přispěl k osvobození Peru a roku 1821 byl zvolen jeho prezidentem. Definitivní porážku Španělům zasadil v roce 1824 Bolívar u Junínu a José Antonio de Sucre u Ayacucha. Roku 1825 bylo Horní Peru na jeho počest nazváno Bolívie. Peru Bolívii uznalo a zaslalo jí návrh ústavy. Téhož roku předložil Bolívar svoji demisi na úřad prezidenta, nebyla však přijata. Nicméně jeho plán na vytvoření panamerické federace nebyl 1826 přijat kongresem latinskoamerických států v Panamě.
 Velkou Kolumbií zmítaly stále větší rozpory, které Bolívar nebyl s to zvládnout. Ve funkci vrchního vojenského velitele Venezuely potvrdil Josého Antonia Paéze a řekl mu, že má „právo odpovědět na nespravedlnost spravedlností a na zneužití síly odepřením poslušnosti“ Bogotskému kongresu. To se nelíbilo jeho místopředsedovi Santaderovi, Bolívarovu někdejšímu spojenci. V dopise z 16. března se Bolívar se Santaderem definitivně rozešel. V těchto letech dále sílily separatistické sklony ze stran Peru a Bolívie. Proto byl 27. srpna 1828 vydán dekret diktatury, který Bolívarovi přisoudila neomezenou moc. Bolívar zrušil úřad viceprezidenta a Santadera jmenoval velvyslancem ve Spojených státech. Přestože Santader úřad přijal, se svým odjezdem nespěchal, pravděpodobně kvůli chystanému atentátu na Bolívara, do kterého byl zapleten. Atentát se uskutečnil 25. září 1828 a Bolívar z něj vyvázl díky své dlouholeté milence Manuele Sáenzové. Zrádcové byli odsouzeni k smrti, ale Santaderovi byl rozsudek samotným Bolívarem změněn pouze na vyhnanství.
 Zklamaný Osvoboditel odstoupil z venezuelského prezidentského úřadu. Za svého nástupce doporučil Sucreho, který však byl krátce na to zavražděn neznámo kým (pravděpodobně ze Santaderova popudu). Navrhl tedy Paéze, přičemž prohlásil, že jestli bude zvolen právě Paéz, dá se mu on – Bolívar – jako voják plně k dispozici. 20. ledna 1830 došlo ke zřízení Kolumbijského kongresu. Bolívar složil funkci kolumbijského prezidenta a dále podporoval Paéze. Zvolen však byl Joaquín Mosquera. Ten Bolívara požádal o podporu své vlády. Bolívar byl sice znechucen, přesto mu pomoc nakonec poskytl, aby zabránil případnému krveprolití. Vyčerpán a zklamán poté odešel do ústraní. Bolívar, nemocný tuberkulózou, zemřel 17. prosince 1830 na statku San Pedro Alejandrino. Krátce před smrtí ještě řešil situaci ohledně nově vznikajícího Ekvádoru.
 Odkaz
 Bolívar se dodnes v Jižní Americe těší značné úctě. Svědčí o tom například skutečnost, že jeho rodná země, Venezuela, nese oficiální název República Bolivariana de Venezuela (Bolívarovská Venezuelská republika). Podle Simóna Bolívara se jmenují dvě měny jižní Ameriky – bolivijský boliviano a venezuelský bolívar.
 Odkazy
 Reference
 Literatura
 KLÍMA, Jan. Zrození Latinské Ameriky. Simón Bolívar a jeho doba. Libri, Praha 2007.
 Související články
 Liberatores
 Hispanoamerické války za nezávislost
 Externí odkazy
 Vojáci
 Venezuelští politici
 Venezuelští svobodní zednáři
 Zemřelí na tuberkulózu
 Nacionalisté
 Osobnosti na amerických poštovních známkách
 Osobnosti na argentinských poštovních známkách
 Osobnosti na brazilských poštovních známkách
 Osobnosti na chilských poštovních známkách
 Narození 1783
 Narození 24. července
 Úmrtí 1830
 Muži
 Bývalí diktátoři


text:
ARCHIVES HISTORIQUES
 DE LA COMMISSION
 COLLECTION RELIEE DES
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 COM (88) 594
 Vol. 1988/0202
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 lieu par le règlement (UE) 2015/496 du Conseil du 17 mars 2015 (JO L79 du 25. 3.2015, p. 1), ce
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 In accordance with Council Regulation (EEC, Euratom) No 354/83 of 1 February 1983 concerning
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 der Europäischen Atomgemeinschaft (ABI. L 43 vom 15.2.1983, S. 1), zuletzt geändert durch die
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 ---pagebreak--- COMISIÓN DE LAS COMUNIDADES EUROPEAS
 COM(88 ) 594 final
 Bruselas, ^6 de octubre de 1988
 L
 Propuesta de
 REGLAMENTO ( CEE ) DEL CONSEJO
 por el que se prorroga el derecho antidumping provisional
 establecido sobre las importaciones de sulfato de cobre
 originario de Bulgaria y de la URSS
 (presentada por la Comisión )
 ---pagebreak--- 0CT.17 8B 1Z : 32 BSL'X DC-9C -<11^1 r ~ <: Z2-2 - E3SZ742 (>r ol *1 P. 02
 Z / 393 / 68 - Ei
 Orlg . ; FR
 EXPOSICIÓN &E MOTIVOS
 I 1 . Sn el marce del procedlnlento antidumping relative a Us Importad&e»
 de sulfato d * cobra originarlo d# Bulgaria y ¿a la Unión Soviética , la
 Comisión ha establecido un derecho srtl dumping provisional mádianté
 si «slsmanto < CEE ) n ú 2366 / 88, da 29 da julio de 1988 ^ •
 %, $» ha demostrado que el eximen de les hechos no podré finaUrgr en yn
 plazo de trea meses tras el « stabledmlsrito del derecho provisional . Loa
 fi exportadores afectados , Chimimport de iulgsria y &ojuzch1mexpnrt de 'la
 Unión Soviética , no han formulado ninguna objeción a la deglares“¿n os
 Intenciones de la Comisión de prorroger.-d# ruevo el derecho antlAfrpíng pr'wiVo-
 nal por un nuevo periodo de dos meas ».
 3. por corrigiente , La Comisión propone al Consejo prorrogar , de acuerdo
 con lea disposiciones dpi apartado 6 del articulo 11 del Reglamento CIE
 n® Z'+ZS/ M del Consejo di 11 de julio de 1988<25 , * ¡, derecho ar.tl dumping
 provisional establecido psra lis importaciones de dicho producto »
 115 00 n c L 205 de 30.07,1983 , p. 68
 ί! (2) PO n® L 209 de 02.08.1988 , p. 1 .
 ---pagebreak--- !' 0CT.17 'GØ 12 ; 03 BRUX DG9C Kl 141 FDX : 32-2-23SS742 Р.ЙЗ
 Propuesta de
 REGLAMENTO ( CEE ) DEL CONSEJO
 <
 por al qua a » prorroga al derecho , ant1du*p1ng „ provisional
 eetablecldo sobre lia Importaciones da aulfito de cobra
 originarlo de Bulgaria y da La URSS
 il C0NS2J0 DE LAS COMUNIDADES EUROFEAS ,
 Vlito el Tratado conetltutlvo da la Comunidad Económica Europea ,
 V1ito el Reglamento ( CEE ) n° 2423 / 88 del Coneejevde 11 d » Julio da 198S ,
 relativo a la defenea contra las Importaciones queseen objeto da
 dumping o de « ubversion*i por parta de palees ne miembro» di l’tf
 Comunidad Económica Europa® ^ y , en particular , el epartado ? de su
 articulo 11 ,
 Considerando que por el Reglamento ( CEE ) n » 2386 /88 ( 2 ), la Comisión
 estableció un derecho . ant i dumping provisional sobre las
 importaciones de sulfato de cobre originario de Bulgaria
 y de la URSS ,
 la usr.;$ ivn V.4 oc*r a «. o » e«poi-taudrta oulga-
 ro y ruso afectados . #u Intención de proponer la prórroga del, dere
 rho provisional por un nuevo periodo no superior , a dos meses ;
 r que' estos exportadores : no han formulado objeción algún® ,
 HA ADOPTADO EL PRESENTE REGLAMENTO ;
 C1Î DO n° L 209 de 02 . Q8 . 1988 , p. 1 .
 •I
 Ci ) DO n° L 20P de 30.07.1988 , p. 6 *
 ---pagebreak--- ** OCT.1? '38 12:34 BRUX DG9C KI141 Ff-W > 32-2- 236074c r.'è4
 Queda prorrogado , por un periodo de dos meses , el derecho
 antidumping provisional sobre las importaciones de sulfato de cobre
 originario de Bulgaria y de la URSS , establecido por el Reglamento
 ( CEE ) n' 2386 / 88 .
 Articulo 2
 El presente Reglamento entrará en vigor el dia siguiente al de su pu ¬
 blicación en el Diario Oficial de las Comunidades Europeas .
 Sin perjuicio de lo dispuesto en el articulo 11 del Reglamento CEE n "
 2423 /88 y de cualquier otra Decisión que pueda adoptar el Consejo , será
 aplicable hasta la entrada en vigor de un acto del Consejo por el que
 se adopten medidas definitivas , pero , a más tardar , hasta el final de
 un periodo de dos meses a partir del 30 de noviembre de 1988 .
 A- ‘V-
 El presente Reglamento será abligatorio en todos sus elementos y direc ¬
 tamente aplicable en cada Estado miembro .
 Hecho en Bruselas , el Por el Consejo ,


text:
1214 (MCCXIV) je bilo navadno leto, ki se je po julijanskem koledarju začelo na sredo.
 Dogodki
 Anglo-francoska vojna (1202-1214)
 Angleško-francoska vojna doseže svoj vrhunec in razplet. Na strani Angležev se proti Francozom še pridružijo grofiji Flandrija in Boulogne, vojvodini Barbant in Zgornja Lorena ter severna Nemčija pod oblastjo rimsko-nemškega velfovskega cesarja Otona IV.
 15. februar - Začetek angleške invazije na Francijo. Angleški kralj Ivan Plantagenet se z manjšim delom angleške vojske izkrca v pristanišču La Rochelle, grofija Poitou, da bi odvrnil Francoze od formiranja koalicijske vojske na severu Francije v Flandriji. S tem omogoči izkrcanje glavnega dela angleške vojske Viljema Longespéeja, 3. grofa Salisburyja, v Flandriji in združitev z ostalimi zavezniki, ki jih vodi cesar Oton IV.
 2. julij - Grofija Anjou: francoski kronski princ Ludvik VIII. izzove angleškega kralja Ivana, ki pa se mu upro anžujski baroni. Kralj Ivan se je prisiljen umakniti na jug proti Gaskoniji.
 23. julij - Francoski kralj Filip II., ki je ob odsotnosti kralja Ivana razbremenjen z juga, zbere svojo vojsko na severu Francije.
 27. julij - Bitka pri Bouvinesu: odločujoča zmaga francoske vojske pod vodstvom Filipa II. nad koalicijo Angležev, Nemcev in severnofrancoskih upornikov. Bitka je izjemno krvava s povsem enakimi možnostmi za obe strani. Nazadnje jo odloči konj cesarja Otona IV. ki se ranjen in prestrašen skupaj s cesarjem opoteče z bojišča, kar uniči bojno moralo koalicijske vojske. Bitka ima pomembne politične posledice:
 Francoski kralj Filip II. utrdi oblast v severni Franciji, kar je nadaljnji pomemben korak v centralizaciji monarhije v smeri kasnejšega absolutizma.
 Angleški kralj Ivan se po opustitvi upov, da bi še kdaj osvojil Normandijo in ostale anžuvinske posesti, vojaško oslabljen vrne v Anglijo, kjer ga pričakajo nezadovoljni baroni. S francoskim kraljem skleneta mir za šest let. Magna Carta: 1215 ↔
 Velfovski rimsko-nemški cesar Oton IV. se ves zagrenjen umakne v svoj grad Harzburg in se ne meša več v politiko. Staufovski cesar Friderik II. požanje sadove francoske zmage še po Nemčiji.
 Ostalo
 poletje - Rekonkvista: huda lakota na Iberskem polotoku, ki prizadane tako krščanske kraljevine kot tudi muslimanske Almohade. Obe vojski se izogibata odprtim bojem.
 14. september - Kraljevina Jeruzalem: zaradi osebne zamere je umorjen latinski jeruzalemski patriarh Albert Avogadro. Nasledi ga Ralf iz Merencourta.
 5. oktober - Po smrti kastiljskega kralja Alfonza VIII. (5. okt.) in kraljice Lenore Angleške (31. oktober) prevzame regenstvo v imenu mladega kralja Henrika I. njegova sestra Berengarija.
 1. november - Ikonijski Seldžuki pod vodstvom sultana Kajkavsa I. osvojijo Sinopo, pomembno pristaniško mesto Trapezuntskega cesarstva ob obali Črnega morja. Seldžuki s tem osvojijo prvo večje pristanišče ob obali Črnega morja in prekinejo ozemeljsko obalno povezavo med Trapezuntskim in Nikejskim cesarstvom. Prav tako ujamejo cesarja Alekseja I. Trapezuntskega, a ga v zameno za tribut izpustijo.
 4. december - Umrlega škotskega kralja Vilijema Leva nasledi Aleksander II.
 Sporazum v Nymphaeumu: Latinsko in Nikejsko cesarstvo podpišeta mirovni sporazum, ker nobena stran ni dovolj močna, da bi uničila drugo. 1224 ↔
 Svetemu Dominiku preda Devica Marija rožni venec.
 Cesarstvo Jin: džurčenski cesar Xuanzong izpogaja svobodo za visoko odkupnino in tribut. Mongoli nadzorujejo celotno severno Kitajsko razen prestolnice Peking. V mongolsko vojsko se vključijo Kitani, prej podrejeni Džurčenom.
 Rojstva
 25. april - Ludvik IX., francoski kralj († 1270)
 29. julij - Sturla Thordarson, islandski državnik, pisatelj († 1284)
 Izabela Angleška, hči Ivana Plantageneta, rimsko-nemška cesarica, sicilska kraljica († 1241)
 Roger Bacon, angleški učenjak, teolog, filozof, šolski prenovitelj, menih († 1294)
 Smrti
 14. september - Albert Avogadro, latinski jeruzalemski patriarh (* 1149)
 5. oktober - Alfonz VIII., kralj Kastilije in Toleda (* 1155)
 31. oktober - Leonora Angleška, kastiljska kraljica, soproga Alfonza VIII. (* 1162)
 4. december - Vilijem Lev, škotski kralj (* 1143)
 Haakon Nori, norveški jarl (* 1170)
 Henrik I. Clémenški, baron Argentana, francoski maršal (* 1170)
 Henrik VI. Braunschweigovski, pfalški grof (* 1196)
 Vilijem I. iz Cagliarija, sardinski kralj Cagliarija (* 1160)
 Opombe
 Glej tudi


type: contracts

text:
23.8.2018
 LT
 Europos Sąjungos oficialusis leidinys
 L 215/49
 EEE JUNGTINIO KOMITETO SPRENDIMAS
 Nr. 251/2016
 2016 m. gruodžio 2 d.
 kuriuo iš dalies keičiamas EEE susitarimo XX priedas (Aplinka) [2018/1187]
 EEE JUNGTINIS KOMITETAS,
 atsižvelgdamas į Europos ekonominės erdvės susitarimą (toliau – EEE susitarimas), ypač į jo 98 straipsnį,
 kadangi:
 (1)
 į EEE susitarimą turi būti įtrauktas 2016 m. liepos 28 d. Komisijos sprendimas (ES) 2016/1332, kuriuo nustatomi ekologiniai kriterijai, taikomi suteikiant ES ekologinį ženklą baldams (1);
 (2)
 Sprendimu (ES) 2016/1332 panaikinamas į EEE susitarimą įtrauktas Komisijos sprendimas 2009/894 (2), todėl jis turi būti iš EEE susitarimo išbrauktas;
 (3)
 todėl EEE susitarimo XX priedas turėtų būti atitinkamai iš dalies pakeistas,
 PRIĖMĖ ŠĮ SPRENDIMĄ:
 1 straipsnis
 EEE susitarimo XX priedo 2zd punkto (Komisijos sprendimas 2009/894/EB) tekstas pakeičiamas taip:
 „32016 D 1332: 2016 m. liepos 28 d. Komisijos sprendimas (ES) 2016/1332, kuriuo nustatomi ekologiniai kriterijai, taikomi suteikiant ES ekologinį ženklą baldams (OL L 210, 2016 8 4, p. 100).“
 2 straipsnis
 Europos Sąjungos oficialiojo leidinio EEE priede skelbtinas Sprendimo (ES) 2016/1332 tekstas islandų ir norvegų kalbomis yra autentiškas.
 3 straipsnis
 Šis sprendimas įsigalioja 2016 m. gruodžio 3 d., jei pateikti visi pranešimai pagal EEE susitarimo 103 straipsnio 1 dalį (*1).
 4 straipsnis
 Šis sprendimas skelbiamas Europos Sąjungos oficialiojo leidinio EEE skyriuje ir EEE priede.
 Priimta Briuselyje 2016 m. gruodžio 2 d.
 EEE jungtinio komiteto vardu
 Pirmininkė
 Bergdís ELLERTSDÓTTIR
 (1) OL L 210, 2016 8 4, p. 100.
 (2) OL L 320, 2009 12 5, p. 23.
 (*1) Konstitucinių reikalavimų nenurodyta.


type: caselaw

text:
 15.8.2009
 PT
 Jornal Oficial da União Europeia
 C 193/19
 Acórdão do Tribunal de Primeira Instância de 2 de Julho de 2009 — Euro-Information/IHMI (Representação de uma mão segurando um cartão com três triângulos)
 (Processo T-414/07) (1)
 («Marca comunitária - Pedido de marca comunitária figurativa que representa uma mão segurando um cartão com três triângulos - Motivo absoluto de recusa - Falta de carácter distintivo - Artigo 7.o, n.o 1, alínea b), do Regulamento (CE) n.o 40/94 (actual artigo 7.o, n.o 1, alínea b), do Regulamento (CE) n.o 207/2009)»)
 2009/C 193/28
 Língua do processo: francês
 Partes
 Recorrente: Européenne de traitement de l’information (Euro Information) (Estrasburgo, França) (representantes: P. Greffe, M. Chaminade e L. Paudrat, advogados)
 Recorrido: Instituto de Harmonização do Mercado Interno (marcas, desenhos e modelos) (representantes: O. Montalto e R. Bianchi, agentes)
 Objecto
 Recurso da decisão da Primeira Câmara de Recurso do IHMI de 6 de Setembro de 2007 (processo R 290/2007-1), que rejeitou o pedido de registo como marca comunitária de um sinal que representa uma mão segurando um cartão com três triângulos.
 Parte decisória
 1)
 É negado provimento ao recurso.
 2)
 A Européenne de traitement de l’information (Euro-Information) é condenada nas despesas.
 (1) JO C 22, de 26.1.2008


text:
Hanel ist der Familienname folgender Personen:
 Birgitte Hanel (* 1954), dänische Ruderin
 Erika Hanel (1916–1965), österreichische Journalistin, Schriftstellerin, Übersetzerin und Literaturfunktionärin
 Fritz Hanel (1908–1994), deutscher evangelischer Kirchenbeamter, Bühnenbildner, Buchillustrator, Grafiker und Kunstmaler
 Helga Hanel (* 1937), österreichische Skirennläuferin
 Hermine Hanel (1874–1944), böhmisch-deutsche Schriftstellerin
 Josef Hanel (1865–1940), deutscher Fotograf und Mykologe
 Norbert Hanel (* 1958), deutscher Provinzialrömischer Archäologe
 Rudolf Hanel (1897–?), österreichischer Fußballspieler
 Tom Hanel (* 1954/55), Bürgermeister von Billings in Montana
 Ulf Hanel (* 1945), deutscher Diplomat
 Valeska Hanel (* 1971), deutsche Schauspielerin
 Walter Hanel (* 1930), deutscher politischer Karikaturist
 Wolfgang Hanel (1930–1994), Sprecher und Reporter der Berliner Abendschau
 Siehe auch:
 Hahnel
 Hanell
 Hahnl
 Hänel


text:
 30.6.2009
 FR
 Journal officiel de l'Union européenne
 L 168/48
 DÉCISION N
 o 1/2009 DU CONSEIL DES MINISTRES ACP-CE
 du 29 mai 2009
 portant adoption d’amendements à l’annexe II de l’accord de partenariat
 (2009/497/CE)
 LE CONSEIL DES MINISTRES ACP-CE,
 vu l’accord de partenariat entre les membres du groupe des États d’Afrique, des Caraïbes et du Pacifique (ci-après dénommés «pays ACP»), d’une part, et la Communauté européenne et ses États membres, d’autre part, signé à Cotonou (Bénin), le 23 juin 2000 et révisé à Luxembourg le 25 juin 2005 (ci-après dénommé «accord de partenariat ACP-CE») (1), et notamment son article 15, paragraphe 3, et son article 100,
 vu la recommandation du Comité de coopération ACP-CE pour le financement du développement,
 considérant ce qui suit:
 (1)
 Pour faciliter ses opérations de prêts sur ressources propres aux pays soumis au régime des pays pauvres très endettés (PPTE) et dans le cadre d’accords internationaux sur la durabilité de la dette, la Banque européenne d’investissement (BEI) propose de modifier l’annexe II de l’accord de partenariat ACP-CE.
 (2)
 La cohérence politique entre les opérations de prêts de la BEI sur ressources propres et l’initiative des PPTE exige une plus grande flexibilité, pour répondre aux conditions d’accords internationaux ou de même nature sur les PPTE en matière de durabilité de la dette et notamment pour ce qui concerne les bonifications d’intérêt.
 (3)
 Cette disposition existe déjà pour les ressources gérées par la BEI dans le contexte de la facilité d’investissement, conformément à l’article 2 de l’annexe II de l’accord de partenariat ACP-CE.
 (4)
 L’objectif des nouveaux paragraphes de l’article 1er de l’annexe II de l’accord de partenariat ACP-CE est d’appliquer des conditions uniformes à la fois aux ressources propres de la BEI et aux facilités d’investissement.
 (5)
 L’objectif de la nouvelle version des articles 1er, 2 et 4 de l’annexe II de l’accord de partenariat ACP-CE est d’aligner les dispositions en matière de ressources propres de la BEI et de la facilité d’investissement dans le cadre des PPTE.
 (6)
 Il convient donc de modifier l’annexe II de l’accord de partenariat ACP-CE en conséquence,
 DÉCIDE:
 Article unique
 L’annexe II de l’accord de partenariat ACP-CE est modifiée comme suit:
 1)
 À l’article 1er, le premier alinéa est numéroté 1 et les paragraphes 2, 3 et 4 suivants sont insérés:
 «2. Les bonifications d’intérêt prévues au titre de la présente annexe seront financées par l’allocation de bonifications d’intérêt spécifiée à l’annexe 1b, paragraphe 2, point c).
 3. Les bonifications d’intérêt peuvent être capitalisées ou utilisées sous forme de subventions. Le montant de la bonification d’intérêt, exprimé par sa valeur aux dates de versement du prêt, sera imputé sur l’allocation de bonifications d’intérêt spécifiée à l’annexe 1b, paragraphe 2, point c) et versé directement à la Banque. Jusqu’à 10 % de cette allocation pour bonifications d’intérêt peuvent aussi être utilisés pour soutenir une assistance technique liée à des projets dans des pays ACP.
 4. Ces termes et conditions s’entendent sans préjudice des termes et conditions qui peuvent être imposés à des pays ACP sous réserve de conditions d’emprunt restrictives au titre du régime des pays pauvres très endettés (“PPTE”) ou d’autres cadres de durabilité de la dette faisant l’objet d’accords internationaux. En conséquence, lorsque ces cadres exigent une réduction du taux d’intérêt d’un prêt de plus de 3 %, conformément à ce qui est autorisé au titre des articles 2 et 4 du présent chapitre, la Banque cherche à réduire le coût moyen des crédits grâce à un cofinancement approprié avec d’autres donateurs. Si cela n’était pas jugé possible, le taux d’intérêt du prêt de la Banque pourra être réduit dans cette proportion au besoin pour se conformer au niveau lié à l’initiative PPTE ou tout autre cadre de durabilité de la dette faisant l’objet d’accords internationaux.»
 2)
 À l’article 2, le paragraphe 7 est remplacé par le texte suivant:
 «7. Des prêts ordinaires dans des pays non soumis à des conditions d’emprunt restrictives au titre du régime des PPTE ou d’autres cadres de durabilité de la dette faisant l’objet d’accords internationaux peuvent être accordés à des conditions libérales dans les cas suivants:
 a)
 pour des projets d’infrastructure indispensables au développement du secteur privé dans les pays les moins avancés ou dans les pays en situation post-conflit et dans les pays en situation post-catastrophe naturelle. Dans ces cas, le taux d’intérêt du prêt sera réduit de 3 %;
 b)
 pour des projets qui impliquent des opérations de restructuration dans le cadre de la privatisation ou des projets assortis d’avantages sociaux ou environnementaux substantiels et clairement démontrables. Dans ces cas, des prêts peuvent être assortis de bonifications d’intérêt dont le montant et la forme sont décidés en fonction des caractéristiques particulières du projet. La réduction du taux d’intérêt ne devra cependant pas excéder 3 %.
 Le taux d’intérêt final des prêts relevant des points a) ou b) n’est en aucun cas inférieur à 50 % du taux de référence.»
 3)
 À l’article 4, le paragraphe 2 est remplacé par le texte suivant:
 «2. Les prêts consentis par la Banque sur ses ressources propres sont assortis de modalités et conditions suivantes:
 a)
 le taux d’intérêt de référence est celui pratiqué par la Banque pour un prêt aux mêmes conditions de devises et de modalités d’amortissement au jour de la signature du contrat ou à la date du déboursement;
 b)
 toutefois, pour les pays qui ne sont pas soumis à des conditions d’emprunt restrictives au titre du régime des PPTE ou d’autres cadres de durabilité de la dette faisant l’objet d’accords internationaux:
 i)
 les projets du secteur public bénéficient, en principe, d’une bonification d’intérêt de 3 %;
 ii)
 les projets du secteur privé relevant des catégories précisées à l’article 2, paragraphe 7, point b), peuvent bénéficier de bonifications d’intérêt aux conditions qui y sont précisées.
 Le taux d’intérêt final n’est en aucun cas inférieur à 50 % du taux de référence.
 c)
 Les prêts accordés par la Banque sur ses ressources propres sont assortis de conditions de durée fixées sur la base des caractéristiques économiques et financières du projet. Ces prêts comprennent normalement un différé d’amortissement fixé en fonction de la durée de construction du projet.»
 Fait à Bruxelles, le 29 mai 2009.
 Par le Conseil des ministres ACP-CE
 Le président
 William HAOMAE
 (1) JO L 287 du 28.10.2005, p. 4.


text:
Duais litríochta is ea an Prix Renaudot sa Fhrainc.
 Buaiteoirí
 1926: Nicolo Peccavi, Armand Lunel (Gallimard)
 1927: Maïtena, Bernard Narbonne (Grasset)
 1928: Le Joueur de triangle, André Obey (Grasset)
 1929: La Table aux crevés, Marcel Aymé (Gallimard)
 1930: Piège, Germaine Beaumont (Lemerre)
 1931: L'Innocent, Philippe Hériat (Denoël)
 1932: Voyage au bout de la nuit, Louis-Ferdinand Céline (Denoël)
 1933: Le roi dort, Charles Braibant (Denoël)
 1934: Blanc, Louis Francis (Gallimard)
 1935: Jours sans gloire, François de Roux (Gallimard)
 1936: Les Beaux Quartiers, Louis Aragon (Denoël)
 1937: Mervale, Jean Rogissart (Denoël)
 1938: Léonie la bienheureuse, Pierre-Jean Launay (Denoël)
 1939: Les Javanais, Jean Malaquais (Denoël)
 1940: L'Univers concentrationnaire, David Rousset (Minuit)
 1941: Quand le temps travaillait pour nous, Paul Mousset (Grasset)
 1942: Les Liens de chaîne, Robert Gaillard (Colbert)
 1943: J'étais médecin avec les chars, Dr. André Soubiran (Didier)
 1944: Les Amitiés particulières, Roger Peyrefitte (La Table ronde)
 1945: Le Mas Théotime, Henri Bosco (Charlot)
 1946: La Vallée heureuse, Jules Roy (Charlot)
 1947: Je vivrai l'amour des autres, Jean Cayrol (Le Seuil)
 1948: Voyage aux horizons, Pierre Frisson (Julliard)
 1949: Le Jeu de patience, Louis Guilloux (Gallimard)
 1950: Les Orgues de l'enfer, Pierre Molaine (Corréa)
 1951: Le Dieu nu, Robert Margerit (Gallimard)
 1952: L'Amour de rien, Jacques Perry (Julliard)
 1953: La Dernière Innocence, Célia Bertin (Corréa)
 1954: Le Passage, Jean Reverzy (Julliard)
 1955: Le Moissonneur d'épines, Georges Govy (La Table ronde)
 1956: Le Père, André Perrin (Julliard)
 1957: La Modification, Michel Butor (Minuit)
 1958: La Lézarde, Édouard Glissant (Le Seuil)
 1959: L'Expérience, Albert Palle (Julliard)
 1960: Le Bonheur fragile, Alfred Kern (Gallimard)
 1961: Les Blés, Roger Bordier (Calmann-Lévy)
 1962: Le Veilleur de nuit, Simone Jacquemard (Le Seuil)
 1963: Le Procès-verbal, Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio (Gallimard)
 1964: L'Écluse, Jean-Pierre Faye (Le Seuil)
 1965: Les Choses, Georges Perec (Julliard)
 1966: La Bataille de Toulouse, José Cabanis (Gallimard)
 1967: Le Monde tel qu'il est, Salvat Etchart (Mercure de France)
 1968: Le Devoir de violence, Yambo Ouologuem (Le Seuil)
 1969: Les Feux de la colère, Max-Olivier Lacamp (Grasset)
 1970: Isabelle ou l'arrière-saison, Jean Freustié (La Table ronde)
 1971: Le Sac du palais d'été, Pierre-Jean Rémy (Gallimard)
 1972: La Nuit américaine, Christopher Franck (Le Seuil)
 1973: La Terrasse des Bernardini, Suzanne Prou (Calmann-Lévy)
 1974: Voyage à l'étranger, Georges Borgeaud (Grasset)
 1975: L'Homme de sable, Jean Joubert (Grasset)
 1976: L'Amour les yeux fermés, Michel Henry (Gallimard)
 1977: Les Combattants du petit bonheur, Alphonse Boudard (La Table ronde)
 1978: L'Herbe à brûler, Conrad Détrez (Calmann-Lévy)
 1979: Affaires étrangères, Jean-Marc Roberts (Le Seuil)
 1980: Les Portes de Gubbio, Danièle Sallenave (Le Seuil)
 1981: La Nuit du décret, Michel Del Castillo (Le Seuil)
 1982: La Faculté des songes, Georges-Olivier Châteaureynaud (Grasset)
 1983: Avant-Guerre, Jean-Marie Rouart (Grasset)
 1984: La Place, Annie Ernaux (Gallimard)
 1985: Mes nuits sont plus belles que vos jours, Raphaëlle Billetdoux (Grasset)
 1986: Station balnéaire, Christian Giudicelli (Gallimard)
 1987: L'Enfant halluciné, René-Jean Clot (Grasset)
 1988: Hadriana dans tous mes rêves, René Depestre (Gallimard)
 1989: Les Comptoirs du Sud, Philippe Doumenc (Le Seuil)
 1990: Les Frères Romance, Jean Colombier (Calmann-Lévy)
 1991: La Séparation, Dan Franck (Le Seuil)
 1992: La Démence du boxeur, François Weyergans (Gallimard)
 1993: Les Corps célestes, Nicolas Bréhal
 1994: Comme ton père, Guillaume Le Touze (L'Olivier)
 1995: Les Braban, Patrick Besson
 1996: Un silence d'environ une demi-heure, Boris Schreiber
 1997: Les Voleurs de beauté, Pascal Bruckner (Grasset)
 1998: Le Manuscrit de Port-Ebène, Dominique Bona (Gallimard)
 1999: L'Enfant léopard, Daniel Picouly (Grasset)
 2000: Allah n'est pas obligé, Ahmadou Kourouma (Le Seuil)
 2001: Céleste, Martine Le Coz (Editions du Rocher)
 2002: Assam, Gérard de Cortanze (Albin Michel)
 2003: Les Âmes grises, Philippe Claudel (Stock)
 2004: Suite française, Irène Némirovsky (Denoël)
 2005: Mes mauvaises pensées, Nina Bouraoui (Stock)
 2006: Mémoires de porc-épic, Alain Mabanckou (Le Seuil)
 2007: Chagrin d'école, Daniel Pennac (Gallimard)
 2008: Le Roi de Kahel, Tierno Monénembo (Le Seuil)
 2009: Un roman français, Frédéric Beigbeder (Grasset)
 2010: Apocalypse bébé, Virginie Despentes (Grasset)
 2011: Limonov, Emmanuel Carrère (P.O.L)
 2012: Notre-Dame du Nil, Scholastique Mukasonga (Gallimard)
 2013: Naissance, Yann Moix (Grasset)
 2014: Charlotte, David Foenkinos (Gallimard)
 Dámhachtainí
 Litríocht Fhrancach


text:
 EN
 Official Journal of the European Union
 C 203/106
 PROTOCOL ON TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS
 THE HIGH CONTRACTING PARTIES,
 WHEREAS, in order to organise the transition from the institutional provisions of the Treaties applicable prior to the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon to the provisions contained in that Treaty, it is necessary to lay down transitional provisions,
 HAVE AGREED UPON the following provisions, which shall be annexed to the Treaty on European Union, to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union and to the Treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Community:
 Article 1
 In this Protocol, the words ‘the Treaties’ shall mean the Treaty on European Union, the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union and the Treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Community.
 TITLE I
 PROVISIONS CONCERNING THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT
 Article 2
 1. For the period of the 2009-2014 parliamentary term remaining at the date of entry into force of this Article, and by way of derogation from Articles 189, second paragraph, and 190(2) of the Treaty establishing the European Community and Articles 107, second paragraph, and 108(2) of the Treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Community, which were in force at the time of the European Parliament elections in June 2009, and by way of derogation from the number of seats provided for in the first subparagraph of Article 14(2) of the Treaty on European Union, the following 18 seats shall be added to the existing 736 seats, thus provisionally bringing the total number of members of the European Parliament to 754 until the end of the 2009-2014 parliamentary term:
 Bulgaria
 1
 Netherlands
 1
 Spain
 4
 Austria
 2
 France
 2
 Poland
 1
 Italy
 1
 Slovenia
 1
 Latvia
 1
 Sweden
 2
 Malta
 1
 United Kingdom
 1
 2. By way of derogation from Article 14(3) of the Treaty on European Union, the Member States concerned shall designate the persons who will fill the additional seats referred to in paragraph 1, in accordance with the legislation of the Member States concerned and provided that the persons in question have been elected by direct universal suffrage:
 (a)
 in ad hoc elections by direct universal suffrage in the Member State concerned, in accordance with the provisions applicable for elections to the European Parliament;
 (b)
 by reference to the results of the European Parliament elections from 4 to 7 June 2009; or
 (c)
 by designation, by the national parliament of the Member State concerned from among its members, of the requisite number of members, according to the procedure determined by each of those Member States.
 3. In accordance with the second subparagraph of Article 14(2) of the Treaty on European Union, the European Council shall adopt a decision determining the composition of the European Parliament in good time before the 2014 European Parliament elections.
 TITLE II
 PROVISIONS CONCERNING THE QUALIFIED MAJORITY
 Article 3
 1. In accordance with Article 16(4) of the Treaty on European Union, the provisions of that paragraph and of Article 238(2) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union relating to the definition of the qualified majority in the European Council and the Council shall take effect on 1 November 2014.
 2. Between 1 November 2014 and 31 March 2017, when an act is to be adopted by qualified majority, a member of the Council may request that it be adopted in accordance with the qualified majority as defined in paragraph 3. In that case, paragraphs 3 and 4 shall apply.
 3. Until 31 October 2014, the following provisions shall remain in force, without prejudice to the second subparagraph of Article 235(1) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union.
 For acts of the European Council and of the Council requiring a qualified majority, members' votes shall be weighted as follows:
 Belgium
 12
 Lithuania
 7
 Bulgaria
 10
 Luxembourg
 4
 Czech Republic
 12
 Hungary
 12
 Denmark
 7
 Malta
 3
 Germany
 29
 Netherlands
 13
 Estonia
 4
 Austria
 10
 Ireland
 7
 Poland
 27
 Greece
 12
 Portugal
 12
 Spain
 27
 Romania
 14
 France
 29
 Slovenia
 4
 Croatia
 7
 Slovakia
 7
 Italy
 29
 Finland
 7
 Cyprus
 4
 Sweden
 10
 Latvia
 4
 United Kingdom
 29
 Acts shall be adopted if there are at least 260 votes in favour representing a majority of the members where, under the Treaties, they must be adopted on a proposal from the Commission. In other cases decisions shall be adopted if there are at least 260 votes in favour representing at least two thirds of the members.
 A member of the European Council or the Council may request that, where an act is adopted by the European Council or the Council by a qualified majority, a check is made to ensure that the Member States comprising the qualified majority represent at least 62 % of the total population of the Union. If that proves not to be the case, the act shall not be adopted.
 4. Until 31 October 2014, the qualified majority shall, in cases where, under the Treaties, not all the members of the Council participate in voting, namely in the cases where reference is made to the qualified majority as defined in Article 238(3) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, be defined as the same proportion of the weighted votes and the same proportion of the number of the Council members and, if appropriate, the same percentage of the population of the Member States concerned as laid down in paragraph 3 of this Article.
 TITLE III
 PROVISIONS CONCERNING THE CONFIGURATIONS OF THE COUNCIL
 Article 4
 Until the entry into force of the decision referred to in the first subparagraph of Article 16(6) of the Treaty on European Union, the Council may meet in the configurations laid down in the second and third subparagraphs of that paragraph and in the other configurations on the list established by a decision of the General Affairs Council, acting by a simple majority.
 TITLE IV
 PROVISIONS CONCERNING THE COMMISSION, INCLUDING THE HIGH REPRESENTATIVE OF THE UNION FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS AND SECURITY POLICY
 Article 5
 The members of the Commission in office on the date of entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon shall remain in office until the end of their term of office. However, on the day of the appointment of the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, the term of office of the member having the same nationality as the High Representative shall end.
 TITLE V
 PROVISIONS CONCERNING THE SECRETARY-GENERAL OF THE COUNCIL, HIGH REPRESENTATIVE FOR THE COMMON FOREIGN AND SECURITY POLICY, AND THE DEPUTY SECRETARY-GENERAL OF THE COUNCIL
 Article 6
 The terms of office of the Secretary-General of the Council, High Representative for the common foreign and security policy, and the Deputy Secretary-General of the Council shall end on the date of entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon. The Council shall appoint a Secretary-General in conformity with Article 240(2) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union.
 TITLE VI
 PROVISIONS CONCERNING ADVISORY BODIES
 Article 7
 Until the entry into force of the decision referred to in Article 301 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, the allocation of members of the Economic and Social Committee shall be as follows:
 Belgium
 12
 Lithuania
 9
 Bulgaria
 12
 Luxembourg
 6
 Czech Republic
 12
 Hungary
 12
 Denmark
 9
 Malta
 5
 Germany
 24
 Netherlands
 12
 Estonia
 7
 Austria
 12
 Ireland
 9
 Poland
 21
 Greece
 12
 Portugal
 12
 Spain
 21
 Romania
 15
 France
 24
 Slovenia
 7
 Croatia
 9
 Slovakia
 9
 Italy
 24
 Finland
 9
 Cyprus
 6
 Sweden
 12
 Latvia
 7
 United Kingdom
 24
 Article 8
 Until the entry into force of the decision referred to in Article 305 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, the allocation of members of the Committee of the Regions shall be as follows:
 Belgium
 12
 Lithuania
 9
 Bulgaria
 12
 Luxembourg
 6
 Czech Republic
 12
 Hungary
 12
 Denmark
 9
 Malta
 5
 Germany
 24
 Netherlands
 12
 Estonia
 7
 Austria
 12
 Ireland
 9
 Poland
 21
 Greece
 12
 Portugal
 12
 Spain
 21
 Romania
 15
 France
 24
 Slovenia
 7
 Croatia
 9
 Slovakia
 9
 Italy
 24
 Finland
 9
 Cyprus
 6
 Sweden
 12
 Latvia
 7
 United Kingdom
 24
 TITLE VII
 TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS CONCERNING ACTS ADOPTED ON THE BASIS OF TITLES V AND VI OF THE TREATY ON EUROPEAN UNION PRIOR TO THE ENTRY INTO FORCE OF THE TREATY OF LISBON
 Article 9
 The legal effects of the acts of the institutions, bodies, offices and agencies of the Union adopted on the basis of the Treaty on European Union prior to the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon shall be preserved until those acts are repealed, annulled or amended in implementation of the Treaties. The same shall apply to agreements concluded between Member States on the basis of the Treaty on European Union.
 Article 10
 1. As a transitional measure, and with respect to acts of the Union in the field of police cooperation and judicial cooperation in criminal matters which have been adopted before the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon, the powers of the institutions shall be the following at the date of entry into force of that Treaty: the powers of the Commission under Article 258 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union shall not be applicable and the powers of the Court of Justice of the European Union under Title VI of the Treaty on European Union, in the version in force before the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon, shall remain the same, including where they have been accepted under Article 35(2) of the said Treaty on European Union.
 2. The amendment of an act referred to in paragraph 1 shall entail the applicability of the powers of the institutions referred to in that paragraph as set out in the Treaties with respect to the amended act for those Member States to which that amended act shall apply.
 3. In any case, the transitional measure mentioned in paragraph 1 shall cease to have effect five years after the date of entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon.
 4. At the latest six months before the expiry of the transitional period referred to in paragraph 3, the United Kingdom may notify to the Council that it does not accept, with respect to the acts referred to in paragraph 1, the powers of the institutions referred to in paragraph 1 as set out in the Treaties. In case the United Kingdom has made that notification, all acts referred to in paragraph 1 shall cease to apply to it as from the date of expiry of the transitional period referred to in paragraph 3. This subparagraph shall not apply with respect to the amended acts which are applicable to the United Kingdom as referred to in paragraph 2.
 The Council, acting by a qualified majority on a proposal from the Commission, shall determine the necessary consequential and transitional arrangements. The United Kingdom shall not participate in the adoption of this decision. A qualified majority of the Council shall be defined in accordance with Article 238(3)(a) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union.
 The Council, acting by a qualified majority on a proposal from the Commission, may also adopt a decision determining that the United Kingdom shall bear the direct financial consequences, if any, necessarily and unavoidably incurred as a result of the cessation of its participation in those acts.
 5. The United Kingdom may, at any time afterwards, notify the Council of its wish to participate in acts which have ceased to apply to it pursuant to paragraph 4, first subparagraph. In that case, the relevant provisions of the Protocol on the Schengen acquis integrated into the framework of the European Union or of the Protocol on the position of the United Kingdom and Ireland in respect of the area of freedom, security and justice, as the case may be, shall apply. The powers of the institutions with regard to those acts shall be those set out in the Treaties. When acting under the relevant Protocols, the Union institutions and the United Kingdom shall seek to re-establish the widest possible measure of participation of the United Kingdom in the acquis of the Union in the area of freedom, security and justice without seriously affecting the practical operability of the various parts thereof, while respecting their coherence.