text:
Conférence n° 34 - L’AGGRAVATION HOMÉOPATHIQUE - Des Conférences de Kent, cent ans plus tard - S. H. N. - Dr Jacques Prat
 Conférence n° 34
 Organon § 154
 ".... Une maladie qui n’existe pas de très longue date cède ordinairement, sans de graves incommodités, à la première dose de ce remède."
 Organon § 155
 "Je dis sans de graves incommodités, parce que, quand un remède parfaitement homéopathique agit sur le corps, il n’y a que les symptômes correspondants à ceux de la maladie qui soient efficaces, qui travaillent à anéantir ces derniers en prenant leur place. Les autres symptômes, souvent nombreux, que la substance médicinale fait naître, et qui ne correspondent à rien dans la maladie présente, ne se montrent presque pas, et le malade va mieux d’heure en heure. La raison en est que la dose d’un médicament dont on veut faire une application homéopathique n’ayant besoin que d’être très exiguë, la substance se trouve beaucoup plus faible pour manifester ceux de ses symptômes qui ne sont point homéopathiques dans les parties du corps exemptes de la maladie. Elle ne laisse donc agir que ses symptômes homéopathiques sur les points de l’organisme qui sont déjà en proie à l’irritation résultant des symptômes analogues de la maladie naturelle, afin d’y provoquer la force vitale malade à faire naître une affection médicinale analogue, mais plus forte, qui éteint la maladie naturelle."
 Dans les maladies aiguës, il est rare d’observer des aggravations frappantes. Font exception des malades dont l’évolution est déjà très avancée et presque terminale, ou dont l’affection très sérieuse depuis plusieurs jours a déjà détruit des tissus. Il est alors possible de constater de violentes aggravations, suites directes de l’action médicamenteuse, et il a été constaté des réactions extrêmement sévères, toutefois jugées nécessaires pour obtenir la guérison. C’est lorsque la progression de l’affection morbide arrive à la période lésionnelle, qu’on peut observer des aggravations frappantes, parfois telles qu’un rétablissement est impossible quand les modifications organiques sont très avancées.
 Il importe de bien tenir compte, dans une maladie, s’il s’agit d’une affection aiguë ou chronique. Là où il n’y a pas d’altération tissulaire, le malade peut guérir sans aggravation notable, ni graves souffrances.
 Dans un état aigu septique, une réaction digestive (vomissements, diarrhée) peut s’observer, l’organisme procédant à une sorte d’épuration. Cette réaction vient de l’organisme lui-même, à l’inverse des réactions de choc et d’épuisement qu’il peut manifester après des médications allopathiques.
 Dans les maladies chroniques, si l’affection n’a pas abouti à des changements tissulaires, on peut n’avoir aucune aggravation, ou si légère qu’elle a un caractère fort différent. Elle représente une sorte "d’élection de domicile" du remède dans l’organisme où il s’introduit, et la maladie artificielle ainsi produite, correspond au processus "d’épuration" déjà évoqué. Dans les cas où il s’est agi de thérapeutique suppressive, des éliminations doivent avoir lieu, et diverses voies sont possibles (digestive, rénale, cutanée, pulmonaire...).
 Une aggravation typiquement homéopathique se produit électivement sur l’endroit malade où se manifeste ainsi une sorte de vie nouvelle, le malade reprenant ses sens.
 Parfois, cette aggravation devient insupportable, et ce retour à l’ordre, ces tissus qui se revivifient, se fait de façon parfois si violente qu’il faut absolument que le médecin y soit parfaitement préparé. La prévoir et la comprendre, permet de patienter et ne pas prescrire à nouveau trop vite, et donne une aide pour résister aux pressions venant l’y inciter. Cette patience fait partie des principes de la méthode.
 Plus l’affection est profonde, plus les manifestations sont organiques, plus aussi la réaction sera surprenante et affligeante, douloureuse à entendre et à voir. L’exacerbation de ces symptômes a quelque chose de profond. Cependant, chez les personnes faibles, il faut s’attendre à de faibles réactions, voire pas de réaction du tout dans les maladies défectives.
 La maladie médicamenteuse appartient au remède ingéré, et c’est parce qu’il est parfaitement semblable qu’il est capable de déchaîner de pareilles réactions. Cette violence n’est cependant pas obligatoire, et une aggravation atténuée est tout aussi possible.
 Un remède ne peut provoquer que des symptômes qu’il possède dans sa pathogénésie, sauf dans le cas de patients hypersensibles qui expérimentent toutes les substances qu’elles prennent ; il y a une différence à reconnaître entre quelqu’un d’hypersensible chez qui toutes les réactions médicamenteuses sont exagérées, et quelqu’un de robuste qui fait une aggravation.
 Le paragraphe 155 complète bien ce qui vient d’être dit : "Je dis sans de graves incommodités, ......".
 Grâce à la similitude parfaite du remède, il n’est jamais nécessaire d’en donner une nouvelle prise. Toutefois, et c’est une chose délicate à expliquer par des règles fixes, il est des situations où l’on est dans l’obligation de répéter la prise. Pour plus de sûreté, il est toujours préférable de commencer les prescriptions par une dose unique, sans la répéter, et d’en surveiller patiemment les effets. Pour des patients vigoureux et résistants, on peut donner la médication dans l’eau en la répétant, et interrompre, aussitôt que le moindre signe d’activité se manifeste. Par contre, chez des sujets faibles souffrant d’affection fébrile, c’est une chose à ne jamais faire, surtout en croyant qu’on obtiendra une réaction plus immédiate. La réaction peut se faire en quelques heures, et la prise unique doit être la règle ; si la réaction est plus tardive, la répétition est admissible.
 Plus la constitution est vigoureuse et résistante, plus le remède coopérera avec cette vigueur pour produire une action rapide et sans risque. Plus le malade est faible, plus il faut redoubler de prudence. Il existe certainement des principes fondamentaux régissant cela, qui restent à découvrir. Il faut vraiment retenir que, dans les cas sérieux et graves, lorsqu’une réaction commence à apparaître et qu’elle dure, il ne faut pas répéter le remède. Ce n’est qu’une fois que la manifestation réactive a cessé, et que la maladie reprend son cours au lieu de s’amender, qu’il peut être nécessaire de répéter.
 Une des questions les plus essentielles est d’être capable de reconnaître, de comprendre et de savoir interpréter les diverses manifestations réactives par le seul langage des symptômes.
 "Cette petite aggravation homéopathique du mal durant les premières heures, heureux présage qui la plupart du temps annonce que la maladie aiguë cédera à la première dose..."
 Une maladie naturelle peut en détruire une autre en la surpassant en puissance et en intensité, mais aussi, et surtout par sa similitude. Si cette aggravation ne se produit pas, le médicament, quoiqu’ayant agi, n’a pas touché la racine du mal. Dans les cas aigus, si le soulagement qui se développait ne continue plus, la réaction s’arrête, et c’est le moment de donner une nouvelle dose.
 Une sédation sans aggravation ne dure jamais aussi longtemps qu’avec cette dernière. La moindre manifestation réactive, même légère, d’un médicament au-delà, et en plus de la maladie, est toujours un signe favorable.
 Si le remède n’est pas parfaitement similaire, l’aggravation est improbable, et seuls les sujets hypersensibles manifestent alors une réaction de type aggravation médicamenteuse. Si l’on n’observe pas d’aggravation, que la similitude est imparfaite, deux ou trois remèdes seront nécessaires pour arriver à guérir le cas (cure en zigzag), au lieu d’un seul dans le meilleur des cas.
 L’affection morbide est intensifiée et vraiment aggravée par le médicament si celui-ci est vraiment similaire. Plus la dose du médicament est minime, quand il n’y a pas de manifestations lésionnelles ou de blocage fonctionnel, plus l’aggravation sera courte et amoindrie, dès les premières heures.
 Quand la dilution est basse, il a été observé des aggravations vraiment graves, et il s’agit alors plutôt d’une aggravation extrinsèque, d’une intoxication, plutôt que d’une maladie véritable. La maladie pathogénésique (la maladie du remède) s’ajoute à la maladie naturelle.
 Il est vrai cependant que le malade, en dépit de cette sorte d’aggravation, affirme quelquefois se sentir mieux. Cette aggravation prolongée sans nécessité s’observe quand on donne des dilutions trop basses, ou après une répétition intempestive de la prise. Ces additions morbides sont tout simplement des provings involontaires. Il suffit d’arrêter la prise, et, en général, le rétablissement suit rapidement.
 Lorsque la similitude n’est pas parfaite, elle peut être néanmoins suffisante pour guérir, sans observer ce proving pour autant. Seules les prescriptions exactes et précises, chez les personnes les plus robustes, donnent des réactions de proving semblables.
 Avec l’expérience, les dynamisations utilisées s’élèvent, et ces réactions proches de l’intoxication sont moins fréquentes. Dans les plus hautes dynamisations, le patient se sent incontestablement mieux, les réactions sont courtes, rapides, décisives, et seuls les symptômes caractéristiques de la maladie sont aggravés : il n’y a pas d’addition morbide. Certes, certains symptômes peuvent néanmoins se manifester, mais à travers cet imbroglio, le malade dit : "je sens que je vais mieux...", même si certains symptômes sont un peu plus accusés.
 Organon § 160
 "Cependant, comme il est presqu’impossible d’atténuer assez la dose d’un remède homéopathique pour que celui-ci ne soit plus susceptible d’amender, de surmonter et de guérir parfaitement la maladie naturelle qui lui est analogue, pourvu que celui-ci n’existe pas depuis longtemps, et qu’elle ne soit pas sans ressources (V. note 249); on conçoit sans peine que toute dose de ce médicament qui n’est pas la plus petite possible, puisse encore occasionner une aggravation homéopathique durant la première heure qui s’écoule après que la maladie l’a prise."
 Organon § 279
 "Or les expériences pures établissent d’une manière absolue que quand la maladie ne dépend pas manifestement d’une altération profonde d’un organe important, fût-elle même de la classe des affections chroniques les plus compliquées, et qu’on a soin d’éloigner du malade toute influence médicinale étrangère, la dose du remède homéopathique ne saurait jamais être assez faible pour le rendre inférieur en force à la maladie naturelle, et pour l’empêcher de dominer, d’éteindre et de guérir cette dernière tant que cette dose conserve l’énergie nécessaire pour provoquer, immédiatement après avoir été prise, des symptômes pareils à ceux de la maladie et un peu plus intenses."
 Les dilutions ne sont jamais trop élevées. On peut monter les dilutions à CM, voire MM et au-delà, les remèdes ont toujours les mêmes vertus thérapeutiques, sauf s’ils ne sont plus à même de déterminer une aggravation visible des symptômes : alors ils ne possèdent plus aucun pouvoir médicinal. L’aggravation vraiment positive et définie des symptômes est la meilleure preuve de l’action de la dynamisation : le principe homéopathique est respecté.
 Il n’existe plus la moindre incertitude quant à la nécessité de ces plus petites dynamisations possibles, avec le paragraphe 278 :
 Organon § 278
 "...On conçoit aisément que ce n’est pas aux conjectures théoriques qu’il faut s’adresser pour obtenir la solution de ce problème, que ce n’est pas par elles qu’on peut établir, eu égard à chaque médicament en particulier, à quelle dose il suffit de le donner pour produire l’effet homéopathique et procurer une guérison aussi prompte que douce. Toutes les subtilités imaginables ne serviraient à rien ici. Ce n’est que par des expériences pures, par des observations exactes, qu’on peut arriver au but."
 Hahnemann insiste encore dans la note du paragraphe 249 :
 Organon § 249, note
 "L’expérience ayant prouvé qu’il est presque impossible d’atténuer assez la dose d’un remède parfaitement homéopathique pour qu’elle ne suffise point à produire une amélioration prononcée dans la maladie contre laquelle on la dirige, ce serait agir en sens inverse du but qu’on se propose, et vouloir nuire au malade, que d’imiter la médecine vulgaire, qui, lorsqu’elle n’obtient pas d’amendement, ou voit même les choses empirer, répète le même médicament, en redouble même la dose, dans la persuasion où elle est qu’il n’a pu servir parce qu’on l’avait donné en trop petite quantité".
 Cette notion qualitative d’infinitésimalité de la dynamisation n’offre aucune comparaison possible avec la notion de quantité mesurable par nos sens. Les critères allopathiques des médicaments, calculés un peu au-dessous du seuil toxique, sont mesurables, visibles, palpables. L’action d’une dynamisation infinitésimale est basée sur sa capacité à produire une légère aggravation des symptômes. Il n’y a pas de limite à l’atténuation.
 La première chose et la plus importante à considérer est la similitude du médicament ; en second lieu seulement vient la dynamisation.
 Aucune règle fixe n’a encore été arrêtée, et il existe une très grande latitude dans la détermination mathématique de la meilleure dynamisation à utiliser. Il est souhaitable de suivre des séries graduelles ascendantes, pour arriver à développer, par cette dynamisation, toutes les possibilités des médicaments, et afin de pouvoir agir le plus en profondeur possible. On ne débutera jamais une cure avec une dose (quantité) trop faible. Dès le début de la pratique, ces notions de qualité et de quantité de médicament à prescrire doivent être présentes à l’esprit.


type: contracts

jurisdiction: EU

text:
 Avis juridique important
 |
 22003D0177
 Gemensamma EES-kommitténs beslut nr 177/2003 av den 5 december 2003 om ändring av bilaga XIII (Transport) till EES-avtalet
 Europeiska unionens officiella tidning nr L 088 , 25/03/2004 s. 0055 - 0056
 Gemensamma EES-kommitténs beslutnr 177/2003av den 5 december 2003om ändring av bilaga XIII (Transport) till EES-avtaletGEMENSAMMA EES-KOMMITTÉN HAR BESLUTAT FÖLJANDEmed beaktande av avtalet om Europeiska ekonomiska samarbetsområdet, ändrat genom protokollet med justeringar av avtalet om Europeiska ekonomiska samarbetsområdet, nedan kallat "avtalet", särskilt artikel 98 i detta, ochav följande skäl:(1) Bilaga XIII till avtalet ändrades genom Gemensamma EES-kommitténs beslut nr 159/2003 av den 7 november 2003(1).(2) Kommissionens direktiv 2002/25/EG av den 5 mars 2002 om ändring av rådets direktiv 98/18/EG om säkerhetsbestämmelser och säkerhetsnormer för passagerarfartyg(2) bör införlivas med avtalet.HÄRIGENOM FÖRESKRIVS FÖLJANDE.Artikel 1Följande strecksats skall läggas till i punkt 56f (rådets direktiv 98/18/EG) i bilaga XIII till avtalet:"- 32002 L 0025: Kommissionens direktiv 2002/25/EG av den 5 mars 2002 (EGT L 98, 15.4.2002, s. 1).Bestämmelserna i direktivet skall, inom ramen för detta avtal, tillämpas med följande anpassning:Utan att det inverkar på de skyldigheter som anges i bilaga I kapitel II-2 del A punkt 6.9 kan Norge behålla sin gällande regel enligt vilken fasta lokala punktskydd för brandbekämpning skall monteras i alla passagerarfartyg med maskinrum större än 500 m3 oberoende av antalet passagerare fartyget enligt klassificeringen får medföra."Artikel 2Texterna till direktiv 2002/25/EG på isländska och norska, som skall offentliggöras i EES-supplementet till Europeiska unionens officiella tidning, skall vara autentiska.Artikel 3Detta beslut träder i kraft den 6 december 2003 under förutsättning att alla anmälningar enligt artikel 103.1 i avtalet har gjorts till Gemensamma EES-kommittén(3).Artikel 4Detta beslut skall offentliggöras i EES-delen av och EES-supplementet till Europeiska unionens officiella tidning.Utfärdat i Bryssel den 5 december 2003.På Gemensamma EES-kommitténs vägnarHans furstliga höghet prins Nikolaus von LiechtensteinOrdförande(1) EUT L 41, 12.2.2004, s. 57.(2) EGT L 98, 15.4.2002, s. 1.(3) Inga konstitutionella krav angivna.


type: wikipedia

text:
Is albam ón racghrúpa Sasanach The Beatles é Yellow Submarine, a scaoileadh sa bhliain 1969. Is fuaimrian é, a eisíodh ag an am céanna leis an scannán Yellow Submarine.
 Clár
 Taobh 1
 Yellow Submarine
 Only A Northern Song (Harrison)
 All Together Now
 Hey Bulldog
 It's All Too Much (Harrison)
 All You Need Is Love
 Taobh 2
 Pepperland
 Sea of Time
 Sea of Holes
 Sea of Monsters
 March of the Meanies
 Pepperland Laid Waste
 Yellow Submarine in Pepperland (Lennon/McCartney Arr. Martin)
 Gach amhrán le George Martin, ach amháin iad siúd le nótaí.
 Tagairtí
 1969 Albaim
 The Beatles


type: legislation

jurisdiction: US

text:
 HR 2786 ENR: Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Reauthorization Act of 2008
 U.S. House of Representatives
 0
 text/xml
 EN
 Pursuant to Title 17 Section 105 of the United States Code, this file is not subject to copyright protection and is in the public domain.
 I
 One Hundred Tenth Congress of the United States of America At the Second SessionBegun and held at the City of Washington on Thursday, the third day of January, two thousand and eight
 H. R. 2786
 AN ACT
 To reauthorize the programs for housing assistance for Native Americans.
 1.Short title; table of contents
 (a)Short titleThis Act may be cited as the Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Reauthorization Act of 2008.
 (b)Table of contentsThe table of contents of this Act is as follows:
 Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
 Sec. 2. Congressional findings.
 Sec. 3. Definitions.
 TITLE I—Block grants and grant requirements
 Sec. 101. Block grants.
 Sec. 102. Indian housing plans.
 Sec. 103. Review of plans.
 Sec. 104. Treatment of program income and labor standards.
 Sec. 105. Regulations.
 TITLE II—Affordable housing activities
 Sec. 201. National objectives and eligible families.
 Sec. 202. Eligible affordable housing activities.
 Sec. 203. Program requirements.
 Sec. 204. Low-income requirement and income targeting.
 Sec. 205. Availability of records.
 Sec. 206. Self-determined housing activities for tribal communities program.
 TITLE III—Allocation of grant amounts
 Sec. 301. Allocation formula.
 TITLE IV—Compliance, audits, and reports
 Sec. 401. Remedies for noncompliance.
 Sec. 402. Monitoring of compliance.
 Sec. 403. Performance reports.
 TITLE V—Termination of assistance for Indian tribes under incorporated programs
 Sec. 501. Effect on Home Investment Partnerships Act.
 TITLE VI—Guaranteed loans to finance tribal community and economic development activities
 Sec. 601. Demonstration program for guaranteed loans to finance tribal community and economic development activities.
 TITLE VII—Funding
 Sec. 701. Authorization of appropriations.
 TITLE VIII—Miscellaneous
 Sec. 801. Limitation on use for Cherokee Nation.
 Sec. 802. Limitation on use of funds.
 Sec. 803. GAO study of effectiveness of NAHASDA for tribes of different sizes.
 2.Congressional findingsSection 2 of the Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act of 1996 (25 U.S.C. 4101) is amended in paragraphs (6) and (7) by striking should each place it appears and inserting shall.
 3.DefinitionsSection 4 of the Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act of 1996 (25 U.S.C. 4103) is amended—
 (1)by striking paragraph (22);
 (2)by redesignating paragraphs (8) through (21) as paragraphs (9) through (22), respectively; and
 (3)by inserting after paragraph (7) the following:
 (8)Housing related community development
 (A)In generalThe term housing related community development means any facility, community building, business, activity, or infrastructure that—
 (i)is owned by an Indian tribe or a tribally designated housing entity;
 (ii)is necessary to the provision of housing in an Indian area; and
 (iii)
 (I)would help an Indian tribe or tribally designated housing entity to reduce the cost of construction of Indian housing;
 (II)would make housing more affordable, accessible, or practicable in an Indian area; or
 (III)would otherwise advance the purposes of this Act.
 (B)ExclusionThe term housing and community development does not include any activity conducted by any Indian tribe under the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act (25 U.S.C. 2701 et seq.)..
 IBlock grants and grant requirements
 101.Block grantsSection 101 of the Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act of 1996 (25 U.S.C. 4111) is amended—
 (1)in subsection (a)—
 (A)in the first sentence—
 (i)by striking For each and inserting the following:
 (1)In generalFor each;
 (ii)by striking tribes to carry out affordable housing activities. and inserting the following:
 tribes—
 (A)to carry out affordable housing activities under subtitle A of title II; and; and
 (iii)by adding at the end the following:
 (B)to carry out self-determined housing activities for tribal communities programs under subtitle B of that title.; and
 (B)in the second sentence, by striking Under and inserting the following:
 (2)Provision of amountsUnder;
 (2)in subsection (g), by inserting of this section and subtitle B of title II after subsection (h); and
 (3)by adding at the end the following:
 (j)Federal supply sourcesFor purposes of section 501 of title 40, United States Code, on election by the applicable Indian tribe—
 (1)each Indian tribe or tribally designated housing entity shall be considered to be an Executive agency in carrying out any program, service, or other activity under this Act; and
 (2)each Indian tribe or tribally designated housing entity and each employee of the Indian tribe or tribally designated housing entity shall have access to sources of supply on the same basis as employees of an Executive agency.
 (k)Tribal preference in employment and contractingNotwithstanding any other provision of law, with respect to any grant (or portion of a grant) made on behalf of an Indian tribe under this Act that is intended to benefit 1 Indian tribe, the tribal employment and contract preference laws (including regulations and tribal ordinances ) adopted by the Indian tribe that receives the benefit shall apply with respect to the administration of the grant (or portion of a grant)..
 102.Indian housing plansSection 102 of the Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act of 1996 (25 U.S.C. 4112) is amended—
 (1)in subsection (a)(1)—
 (A)by striking (1)(A) for and all that follows through the end of subparagraph (A) and inserting the following:
 (1)
 (A)for an Indian tribe to submit to the Secretary, by not later than 75 days before the beginning of each tribal program year, a 1-year housing plan for the Indian tribe; or; and
 (B)in subparagraph (B), by striking subsection (d) and inserting subsection (c);
 (2)by striking subsections (b) and (c) and inserting the following:
 (b)1-year plan requirement
 (1)In generalA housing plan of an Indian tribe under this section shall—
 (A)be in such form as the Secretary may prescribe; and
 (B)contain the information described in paragraph (2).
 (2)Required informationA housing plan shall include the following information with respect to the tribal program year for which assistance under this Act is made available:
 (A)Description of planned activitiesA statement of planned activities, including—
 (i)the types of household to receive assistance;
 (ii)the types and levels of assistance to be provided;
 (iii)the number of units planned to be produced;
 (iv)
 (I)a description of any housing to be demolished or disposed of;
 (II)a timetable for the demolition or disposition; and
 (III)any other information required by the Secretary with respect to the demolition or disposition;
 (v)a description of the manner in which the recipient will protect and maintain the viability of housing owned and operated by the recipient that was developed under a contract between the Secretary and an Indian housing authority pursuant to the United States Housing Act of 1937 (42 U.S.C. 1437 et seq.); and
 (vi)outcomes anticipated to be achieved by the recipient.
 (B)Statement of needsA statement of the housing needs of the low-income Indian families residing in the jurisdiction of the Indian tribe, and the means by which those needs will be addressed during the applicable period, including—
 (i)a description of the estimated housing needs and the need for assistance for the low-income Indian families in the jurisdiction, including a description of the manner in which the geographical distribution of assistance is consistent with the geographical needs and needs for various categories of housing assistance; and
 (ii)a description of the estimated housing needs for all Indian families in the jurisdiction.
 (C)Financial resourcesAn operating budget for the recipient, in such form as the Secretary may prescribe, that includes—
 (i)an identification and description of the financial resources reasonably available to the recipient to carry out the purposes of this Act, including an explanation of the manner in which amounts made available will leverage additional resources; and
 (ii)the uses to which those resources will be committed, including eligible and required affordable housing activities under title II and administrative expenses.
 (D)Certification of complianceEvidence of compliance with the requirements of this Act, including, as appropriate—
 (i)a certification that, in carrying out this Act, the recipient will comply with the applicable provisions of title II of the Civil Rights Act of 1968 (25 U.S.C. 1301 et seq.) and other applicable Federal laws and regulations;
 (ii)a certification that the recipient will maintain adequate insurance coverage for housing units that are owned and operated or assisted with grant amounts provided under this Act, in compliance with such requirements as the Secretary may establish;
 (iii)a certification that policies are in effect and are available for review by the Secretary and the public governing the eligibility, admission, and occupancy of families for housing assisted with grant amounts provided under this Act;
 (iv)a certification that policies are in effect and are available for review by the Secretary and the public governing rents and homebuyer payments charged, including the methods by which the rents or homebuyer payments are determined, for housing assisted with grant amounts provided under this Act;
 (v)a certification that policies are in effect and are available for review by the Secretary and the public governing the management and maintenance of housing assisted with grant amounts provided under this Act; and
 (vi)a certification that the recipient will comply with section 104(b).;
 (3)by redesignating subsections (d) through (f) as subsections (c) through (e), respectively; and
 (4)in subsection (d) (as redesignated by paragraph (3)), by striking subsection (d) and inserting subsection (c).
 103.Review of plansSection 103 of the Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act of 1996 (25 U.S.C. 4113) is amended—
 (1)in subsection (d)—
 (A)in the first sentence—
 (i)by striking fiscal each place it appears and inserting tribal program; and
 (ii)by striking (with respect to and all that follows through section 102(c)); and
 (B)by striking the second sentence; and
 (2)by striking subsection (e) and inserting the following:
 (e)Self-determined activities programNotwithstanding any other provision of this section, the Secretary—
 (1)shall review the information included in an Indian housing plan pursuant to subsections (b)(4) and (c)(7) only to determine whether the information is included for purposes of compliance with the requirement under section 232(b)(2); and
 (2)may not approve or disapprove an Indian housing plan based on the content of the particular benefits, activities, or results included pursuant to subsections (b)(4) and (c)(7)..
 104.Treatment of program income and labor standardsSection 104(a) of the Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act of 1996 (25 U.S.C. 4114(a)) is amended by adding at the end the following:
 (4)Exclusion from program income of regular developer’s fees for low-income housing tax credit projectsNotwithstanding any other provision of this Act, any income derived from a regular and customary developer's fee for any project that receives a low-income housing tax credit under section 42 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, and that is initially funded using a grant provided under this Act, shall not be considered to be program income if the developer's fee is approved by the State housing credit agency..
 105.RegulationsSection 106(b)(2) of the Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act of 1996 (25 U.S.C. 4116(b)(2)) is amended—
 (1)in subparagraph (B)(i), by striking The Secretary and inserting Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of the Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Reauthorization Act of 2008 and any other Act to reauthorize this Act, the Secretary; and
 (2)by adding at the end the following:
 (C)Subsequent negotiated rulemakingThe Secretary shall—
 (i)initiate a negotiated rulemaking in accordance with this section by not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of the Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Reauthorization Act of 2008 and any other Act to reauthorize this Act; and
 (ii)promulgate regulations pursuant to this section by not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of the Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Reauthorization Act of 2008 and any other Act to reauthorize this Act.
 (D)ReviewNot less frequently than once every 7 years, the Secretary, in consultation with Indian tribes, shall review the regulations promulgated pursuant to this section in effect on the date on which the review is conducted..
 IIAffordable housing activities
 201.National objectives and eligible familiesSection 201(b) of the Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act of 1996 (25 U.S.C. 4131(b)) is amended—
 (1)in paragraph (1), by inserting and except with respect to loan guarantees under the demonstration program under title VI, after paragraphs (2) and (4),;
 (2)in paragraph (2)—
 (A)by striking the first sentence and inserting the following:
 (A)Exception to requirementNotwithstanding paragraph (1), a recipient may provide housing or housing assistance through affordable housing activities for which a grant is provided under this Act to any family that is not a low-income family, to the extent that the Secretary approves the activities due to a need for housing for those families that cannot reasonably be met without that assistance.; and
 (B)in the second sentence, by striking The Secretary and inserting the following:
 (B)LimitsThe Secretary;
 (3)in paragraph (3)—
 (A)in the paragraph heading, by striking Non-Indian and inserting Essential; and
 (B)by striking non-Indian family and inserting family; and
 (4)in paragraph (4)(A)(i), by inserting or other unit of local government, after county,.
 202.Eligible affordable housing activitiesSection 202 of the Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act of 1996 (25 U.S.C. 4132) is amended—
 (1)in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking to develop or to support and inserting to develop, operate, maintain, or support;
 (2)in paragraph (2)—
 (A)by striking development of utilities and inserting development and rehabilitation of utilities, necessary infrastructure,; and
 (B)by inserting mold remediation, after energy efficiency,;
 (3)in paragraph (4), by inserting the costs of operation and maintenance of units developed with funds provided under this Act, after rental assistance,; and
 (4)by adding at the end the following:
 (9)Reserve accounts
 (A)In generalSubject to subparagraph (B), the deposit of amounts, including grant amounts under section 101, in a reserve account established for an Indian tribe only for the purpose of accumulating amounts for administration and planning relating to affordable housing activities under this section, in accordance with the Indian housing plan of the Indian tribe.
 (B)Maximum amountA reserve account established under subparagraph (A) shall consist of not more than an amount equal to 1/4 of the 5-year average of the annual amount used by a recipient for administration and planning under paragraph (2)..
 203.Program requirementsSection 203 of the Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act of 1996 (25 U.S.C. 4133) is amended by adding at the end the following:
 (f)Use of grant amounts over extended periods
 (1)In generalTo the extent that the Indian housing plan for an Indian tribe provides for the use of amounts of a grant under section 101 for a period of more than 1 fiscal year, or for affordable housing activities for which the amounts will be committed for use or expended during a subsequent fiscal year, the Secretary shall not require those amounts to be used or committed for use at any time earlier than otherwise provided for in the Indian housing plan.
 (2)CarryoverAny amount of a grant provided to an Indian tribe under section 101 for a fiscal year that is not used by the Indian tribe during that fiscal year may be used by the Indian tribe during any subsequent fiscal year.
 (g)De minimis exemption for procurement of goods and servicesNotwithstanding any other provision of law, a recipient shall not be required to act in accordance with any otherwise applicable competitive procurement rule or procedure with respect to the procurement, using a grant provided under this Act, of goods and services the value of which is less than $5,000..
 204.Low-income requirement and income targetingSection 205 of the Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act of 1996 (25 U.S.C. 4135) is amended by adding at the end the following:
 (c)ApplicabilityThe provisions of paragraph (2) of subsection (a) regarding binding commitments for the remaining useful life of property shall not apply to a family or household member who subsequently takes ownership of a homeownership unit..
 205.Availability of recordsSection 208(a) of the Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act of 1996 (25 U.S.C. 4138(a)) is amended by inserting applicants for employment, and of after records of.
 206.Self-determined housing activities for tribal communities program
 (a)Establishment of programTitle II of the Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act of 1996 (25 U.S.C. 4131 et seq.) is amended—
 (1)by inserting after the title designation and heading the following:
 AGeneral block grant program;and
 (2)by adding at the end the following:
 BSelf-determined housing activities for tribal communities
 231.PurposeThe purpose of this subtitle is to establish a program for self-determined housing activities for the tribal communities to provide Indian tribes with the flexibility to use a portion of the grant amounts under section 101 for the Indian tribe in manners that are wholly self-determined by the Indian tribe for housing activities involving construction, acquisition, rehabilitation, or infrastructure relating to housing activities or housing that will benefit the community served by the Indian tribe.
 232.Program authority
 (a)Definition of qualifying Indian tribeIn this section, the term qualifying Indian tribe means, with respect to a fiscal year, an Indian tribe or tribally designated housing entity—
 (1)to or on behalf of which a grant is made under section 101;
 (2)that has complied with the requirements of section 102(b)(6); and
 (3)that, during the preceding 3-fiscal-year period, has no unresolved significant and material audit findings or exceptions, as demonstrated in—
 (A)the annual audits of that period completed under chapter 75 of title 31, United States Code (commonly known as the Single Audit Act); or
 (B)an independent financial audit prepared in accordance with generally accepted auditing principles.
 (b)AuthorityUnder the program under this subtitle, for each of fiscal years 2009 through 2013, the recipient for each qualifying Indian tribe may use the amounts specified in subsection (c) in accordance with this subtitle.
 (c)AmountsWith respect to a fiscal year and a recipient, the amounts referred to in subsection (b) are amounts from any grant provided under section 101 to the recipient for the fiscal year, as determined by the recipient, but in no case exceeding the lesser of—
 (1)an amount equal to 20 percent of the total grant amount for the recipient for that fiscal year; and
 (2)$2,000,000.
 233.Use of amounts for housing activities
 (a)Eligible housing activitiesAny amounts made available for use under this subtitle by a recipient for an Indian tribe shall be used only for housing activities, as selected at the discretion of the recipient and described in the Indian housing plan for the Indian tribe pursuant to section 102(b)(6), for the construction, acquisition, or rehabilitation of housing or infrastructure in accordance with section 202 to provide a benefit to families described in section 201(b)(1).
 (b)Prohibition on certain activitiesAmounts made available for use under this subtitle may not be used for commercial or economic development.
 234.Inapplicability of other provisions
 (a)In generalExcept as otherwise specifically provided in this Act, title I, subtitle A of title II, and titles III through VIII shall not apply to—
 (1)the program under this subtitle; or
 (2)amounts made available in accordance with this subtitle.
 (b)Applicable provisionsThe following provisions of titles I through VIII shall apply to the program under this subtitle and amounts made available in accordance with this subtitle:
 (1)Section 101(c) (relating to local cooperation agreements).
 (2)Subsections (d) and (e) of section 101 (relating to tax exemption).
 (3)Section 101(j) (relating to Federal supply sources).
 (4)Section 101(k) (relating to tribal preference in employment and contracting).
 (5)Section 102(b)(4) (relating to certification of compliance).
 (6)Section 104 (relating to treatment of program income and labor standards).
 (7)Section 105 (relating to environmental review).
 (8)Section 201(b) (relating to eligible families).
 (9)Section 203(c) (relating to insurance coverage).
 (10)Section 203(g) (relating to a de minimis exemption for procurement of goods and services).
 (11)Section 206 (relating to treatment of funds).
 (12)Section 209 (relating to noncompliance with affordable housing requirement).
 (13)Section 401 (relating to remedies for noncompliance).
 (14)Section 408 (relating to public availability of information).
 (15)Section 702 (relating to 50-year leasehold interests in trust or restricted lands for housing purposes).
 235.Review and report
 (a)ReviewDuring calendar year 2011, the Secretary shall conduct a review of the results achieved by the program under this subtitle to determine—
 (1)the housing constructed, acquired, or rehabilitated under the program;
 (2)the effects of the housing described in paragraph (1) on costs to low-income families of affordable housing;
 (3)the effectiveness of each recipient in achieving the results intended to be achieved, as described in the Indian housing plan for the Indian tribe; and
 (4)the need for, and effectiveness of, extending the duration of the program and increasing the amount of grants under section 101 that may be used under the program.
 (b)ReportNot later than December 31, 2011, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report describing the information obtained pursuant to the review under subsection (a) (including any conclusions and recommendations of the Secretary with respect to the program under this subtitle), including—
 (1)recommendations regarding extension of the program for subsequent fiscal years and increasing the amounts under section 232(c) that may be used under the program; and
 (2)recommendations for—
 (A)
 (i)specific Indian tribes or recipients that should be prohibited from participating in the program for failure to achieve results; and
 (ii)the period for which such a prohibition should remain in effect; or
 (B)standards and procedures by which Indian tribes or recipients may be prohibited from participating in the program for failure to achieve results.
 (c)Provision of information to secretaryNotwithstanding any other provision of this Act, recipients participating in the program under this subtitle shall provide such information to the Secretary as the Secretary may request, in sufficient detail and in a timely manner sufficient to ensure that the review and report required by this section is accomplished in a timely manner..
 (b)Technical amendmentThe table of contents in section 1(b) of the Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act of 1996 (25 U.S.C. 4101 note) is amended—
 (1)by inserting after the item for title II the following:
 Subtitle A—General block grant program;
 (2)by inserting after the item for section 205 the following:
 Sec. 206. Treatment of funds.;and
 (3)by inserting before the item for title III the following:
 Subtitle B—Self-determined housing activities for tribal communities
 Sec. 231. Purposes.
 Sec. 232. Program authority.
 Sec. 233. Use of amounts for housing activities.
 Sec. 234. Inapplicability of other provisions.
 Sec. 235. Review and report..
 IIIAllocation of grant amounts
 301.Allocation formulaSection 302 of the Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act of 1996 (25 U.S.C. 4152) is amended—
 (1)in subsection (a)—
 (A)by striking The Secretary and inserting the following:
 (1)In generalThe Secretary; and
 (B)by adding at the end the following:
 (2)Study of need data
 (A)In generalThe Secretary shall enter into a contract with an organization with expertise in housing and other demographic data collection methodologies under which the organization, in consultation with Indian tribes and Indian organizations, shall—
 (i)assess existing data sources, including alternatives to the decennial census, for use in evaluating the factors for determination of need described in subsection (b); and
 (ii)develop and recommend methodologies for collecting data on any of those factors, including formula area, in any case in which existing data is determined to be insufficient or inadequate, or fails to satisfy the requirements of this Act.
 (B)Authorization of appropriationsThere are authorized to be appropriated such sums as are necessary to carry out this section, to remain available until expended.; and
 (2)in subsection (b), by striking paragraph (1) and inserting the following:
 (1)
 (A)The number of low-income housing dwelling units developed under the United States Housing Act of 1937 (42 U.S.C. 1437 et seq.), pursuant to a contract between an Indian housing authority for the tribe and the Secretary, that are owned or operated by a recipient on the October 1 of the calendar year immediately preceding the year for which funds are provided, subject to the condition that such a unit shall not be considered to be a low-income housing dwelling unit for purposes of this section if—
 (i)the recipient ceases to possess the legal right to own, operate, or maintain the unit; or
 (ii)the unit is lost to the recipient by conveyance, demolition, or other means.
 (B)If the unit is a homeownership unit not conveyed within 25 years from the date of full availability, the recipient shall not be considered to have lost the legal right to own, operate, or maintain the unit if the unit has not been conveyed to the homebuyer for reasons beyond the control of the recipient.
 (C)If the unit is demolished and the recipient rebuilds the unit within 1 year of demolition of the unit, the unit may continue to be considered a low-income housing dwelling unit for the purpose of this paragraph.
 (D)In this paragraph, the term reasons beyond the control of the recipient means, after making reasonable efforts, there remain—
 (i)delays in obtaining or the absence of title status reports;
 (ii)incorrect or inadequate legal descriptions or other legal documentation necessary for conveyance;
 (iii)clouds on title due to probate or intestacy or other court proceedings; or
 (iv)any other legal impediment.
 (E)Subparagraphs (A) through (D) shall not apply to any claim arising from a formula current assisted stock calculation or count involving an Indian housing block grant allocation for any fiscal year through fiscal year 2008, if a civil action relating to the claim is filed by not later than 45 days after the date of enactment of this subparagraph..
 IVCompliance, audits, and reports
 401.Remedies for noncomplianceSection 401(a) of the Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act of 1996 (25 U.S.C. 4161(a)) is amended—
 (1)by redesignating paragraphs (2) and (3) as paragraphs (3) and (4), respectively; and
 (2)by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
 (2)Substantial noncomplianceThe failure of a recipient to comply with the requirements of section 302(b)(1) regarding the reporting of low-income dwelling units shall not, in itself, be considered to be substantial noncompliance for purposes of this title..
 402.Monitoring of complianceSection 403(b) of the Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act of 1996 (25 U.S.C. 4163(b)) is amended in the second sentence by inserting an appropriate level of after shall include.
 403.Performance reportsSection 404(b) of the Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act of 1996 (25 U.S.C. 4164(b)) is amended—
 (1)in paragraph (2)—
 (A)by striking goals and inserting planned activities; and
 (B)by adding and after the semicolon at the end;
 (2)in paragraph (3), by striking ; and at the end and inserting a period; and
 (3)by striking paragraph (4).
 VTermination of assistance for Indian tribes under incorporated programs
 501.Effect on Home Investment Partnerships Act
 (a)In generalTitle V of the Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act of 1996 (25 U.S.C. 4181 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:
 509.Effect on HOME Investment Partnerships ActNothing in this Act or an amendment made by this Act prohibits or prevents any participating jurisdiction (within the meaning of the HOME Investment Partnerships Act (42 U.S.C. 12721 et seq.)) from providing any amounts made available to the participating jurisdiction under that Act (42 U.S.C. 12721 et seq.) to an Indian tribe or a tribally designated housing entity for use in accordance with that Act (42 U.S.C. 12721 et seq.)..
 (b)Conforming amendmentThe table of contents in section 1(b) of the Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act of 1996 (25 U.S.C. 4101 note) is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 508 the following:
 Sec. 509. Effect on HOME Investment Partnerships Act..
 VIGuaranteed loans to finance tribal community and economic development activities
 601.Demonstration program for guaranteed loans to finance tribal community and economic development activities
 (a)In generalTitle VI of the Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act of 1996 (25 U.S.C. 4191 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:
 606.Demonstration program for guaranteed loans to finance tribal community and economic development activities
 (a)Authority
 (1)In generalSubject to paragraph (2), to the extent and in such amounts as are provided in appropriation Acts, subject to the requirements of this section, and in accordance with such terms and conditions as the Secretary may prescribe, the Secretary may guarantee and make commitments to guarantee the notes and obligations issued by Indian tribes or tribally designated housing entities with tribal approval, for the purposes of financing activities carried out on Indian reservations and in other Indian areas that, under the first sentence of section 108(a) of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C. 5308), are eligible for financing with notes and other obligations guaranteed pursuant to that section.
 (2)LimitationThe Secretary may guarantee, or make commitments to guarantee, under paragraph (1) the notes or obligations of not more than 4 Indian tribes or tribally designated housing entities located in each Department of Housing and Urban Development Office of Native American Programs region.
 (b)Low-income benefit requirementNot less than 70 percent of the aggregate amount received by an Indian tribe or tribally designated housing entity as a result of a guarantee under this section shall be used for the support of activities that benefit low-income families on Indian reservations and other Indian areas.
 (c)Financial soundness
 (1)In generalThe Secretary shall establish underwriting criteria for guarantees under this section, including fees for the guarantees, as the Secretary determines to be necessary to ensure that the program under this section is financially sound.
 (2)Amounts of feesFees for guarantees established under paragraph (1) shall be established in amounts that are sufficient, but do not exceed the minimum amounts necessary, to maintain a negative credit subsidy for the program under this section, as determined based on the risk to the Federal Government under the underwriting requirements established under paragraph (1).
 (d)Terms of obligations
 (1)In generalEach note or other obligation guaranteed pursuant to this section shall be in such form and denomination, have such maturity, and be subject to such conditions as the Secretary may prescribe, by regulation.
 (2)LimitationThe Secretary may not deny a guarantee under this section on the basis of the proposed repayment period for the note or other obligation, unless—
 (A)the period is more than 20 years; or
 (B)the Secretary determines that the period would cause the guarantee to constitute an unacceptable financial risk.
 (e)Limitation on percentageA guarantee made under this section shall guarantee repayment of 95 percent of the unpaid principal and interest due on the note or other obligation guaranteed.
 (f)Security and repayment
 (1)Requirements on issuerTo ensure the repayment of notes and other obligations and charges incurred under this section and as a condition for receiving the guarantees, the Secretary shall require the Indian tribe or housing entity issuing the notes or obligations—
 (A)to enter into a contract, in a form acceptable to the Secretary, for repayment of notes or other obligations guaranteed under this section;
 (B)to demonstrate that the extent of each issuance and guarantee under this section is within the financial capacity of the Indian tribe; and
 (C)to furnish, at the discretion of the Secretary, such security as the Secretary determines to be appropriate in making the guarantees, including increments in local tax receipts generated by the activities assisted by a guarantee under this section or disposition proceeds from the sale of land or rehabilitated property, except that the security may not include any grant amounts received or for which the issuer may be eligible under title I.
 (2)Full faith and credit
 (A)In generalThe full faith and credit of the United States is pledged to the payment of all guarantees made under this section.
 (B)Treatment of guarantees
 (i)In generalAny guarantee made by the Secretary under this section shall be conclusive evidence of the eligibility of the obligations for the guarantee with respect to principal and interest.
 (ii)Incontestable natureThe validity of any such a guarantee shall be incontestable in the hands of a holder of the guaranteed obligations.
 (g)Training and informationThe Secretary, in cooperation with Indian tribes and tribally designated housing entities, may carry out training and information activities with respect to the guarantee program under this section.
 (h)Limitations on amount of guarantees
 (1)Aggregate fiscal year limitationNotwithstanding any other provision of law, subject only to the absence of qualified applicants or proposed activities and to the authority provided in this section, and to the extent approved or provided for in appropriations Acts, the Secretary may enter into commitments to guarantee notes and obligations under this section with an aggregate principal amount not to exceed $200,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 through 2013.
 (2)Authorization of appropriations for credit subsidyThere are authorized to be appropriated to cover the costs (as defined in section 502 of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 (2 U.S.C. 661a)) of guarantees under this section $1,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 through 2013.
 (3)Aggregate outstanding limitationThe total amount of outstanding obligations guaranteed on a cumulative basis by the Secretary pursuant to this section shall not at any time exceed $1,000,000,000 or such higher amount as may be authorized to be appropriated for this section for any fiscal year.
 (4)Fiscal year limitations on Indian tribes
 (A)In generalThe Secretary shall monitor the use of guarantees under this section by Indian tribes.
 (B)ModificationsIf the Secretary determines that 50 percent of the aggregate guarantee authority under paragraph (3) has been committed, the Secretary may—
 (i)impose limitations on the amount of guarantees pursuant to this section that any single Indian tribe may receive in any fiscal year of $25,000,000; or
 (ii)request the enactment of legislation increasing the aggregate outstanding limitation on guarantees under this section.
 (i)ReportNot later than 4 years after the date of enactment of this section, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report describing the use of the authority under this section by Indian tribes and tribally designated housing entities, including—
 (1)an identification of the extent of the use and the types of projects and activities financed using that authority; and
 (2)an analysis of the effectiveness of the use in carrying out the purposes of this section.
 (j)TerminationThe authority of the Secretary under this section to make new guarantees for notes and obligations shall terminate on October 1, 2013..
 (b)Conforming amendmentThe table of contents in section 1(b) of the Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act of 1996 (25 U.S.C. 4101 note) is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 605 the following:
 Sec. 606. Demonstration program for guaranteed loans to finance tribal community and economic development activities..
 VIIFunding
 701.Authorization of appropriations
 (a)Block grants and grant requirementsSection 108 of the Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act of 1996 (25 U.S.C. 4117) is amended in the first sentence by striking 1998 through 2007 and inserting 2009 through 2013.
 (b)Federal guarantees for financing for tribal housing activitiesSection 605 of the Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act of 1996 (25 U.S.C. 4195) is amended in subsections (a) and (b) by striking 1997 through 2007 each place it appears and inserting 2009 through 2013.
 (c)Training and technical assistanceSection 703 of the Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act of 1996 (25 U.S.C. 4212) is amended by striking 1997 through 2007 and inserting 2009 through 2013.
 VIIIMiscellaneous
 801.Limitation on use for Cherokee NationNo funds authorized under this Act, or the amendments made by this Act, or appropriated pursuant to an authorization under this Act or such amendments, shall be expended for the benefit of the Cherokee Nation; provided, that this limitation shall not be effective if the Temporary Order and Temporary Injunction issued on May 14, 2007, by the District Court of the Cherokee Nation remains in effect during the pendency of litigation or there is a settlement agreement which effects the end of litigation among the adverse parties.
 802.Limitation on use of fundsNo amounts made available pursuant to any authorization of appropriations under this Act, or under the amendments made by this Act, may be used to employ workers described in section 274A(h)(3)) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1324a(h)(3)).
 803.GAO study of effectiveness of NAHASDA for tribes of different sizes
 (a)In generalThe Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct a study of the effectiveness of the Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act of 1996 in achieving its purposes of meeting the needs for affordable housing for low-income Indian families, as compared to the programs for housing and community development assistance for Indian tribes and families and Indian housing authorities that were terminated under title V of such Act and the amendments made by such title. The study shall compare such effectiveness with respect to Indian tribes of various sizes and types, and specifically with respect to smaller tribes for which grants of lesser or minimum amounts have been made under title I of such Act.
 (b)ReportNot later than the expiration of the 12-month period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit a report to the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate regarding the results and conclusions of the study conducted pursuant to subsection (a). Such report shall include recommendations regarding any changes appropriate to the Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act of 1996 to help ensure that the purposes of such Act are achieved by all Indian tribes, regardless of size or type.
 Speaker of the House of Representatives.Vice President of the United States and President of the Senate.


text:
Kuwaitin valtio () eli Kuwait () on emiirikunta Lähi-idässä. Se sijaitsee Persianlahden pohjukassa rajanaapureinaan pohjoisessa Irak ja etelässä Saudi-Arabia. Kuwaitin maasto on kumpuilevaa hiekkaerämaata. Maasta löytyi 1930-luvulla öljyä, ja toisen maailmansodan jälkeen kehittynyt öljynjalostusteollisuus sai maan vaurastumaan. Kuwait itsenäistyi 1961, ja sen jälkeen se on saanut 90 prosenttia vientituloistaan öljystä. Vuonna 1990 Irak hyökkäsi Kuwaitiin, mutta joutui vetäytymään maasta länsivaltojen liityttyä sotaan Kuwaitin puolelle. Maan infrastruktuuri kärsi sodassa pahasti.
 Kuwait oli ensimmäinen Persianlahden arabimaa, joka järjesti parlamenttivaalit, ja se myönsi naisille äänioikeuden 2005. Vuodesta 2010 alkaen maassa on ollut ajoittain väkivaltaisuuksia ääri-islamistien ja sotilasjoukkojen välillä.
 Historia
 Failakan saarella tehdyt arkeologiset löydöt viittaavat siihen, että Kuwait oli kauppapaikka jo sumerilaisten aikana. Myös muinaiset kreikkalaiset tunsivat sen, ja Aleksanteri Suuren kenraali Nearkhos perusti Failakaan siirtokunnan 300-luvulla eaa.. Kaupankäynti jatkui kaksituhatta vuotta, mutta päättyi ajanlaskun alussa.
 Kuwaitin moderni historia alkaa 1700-luvulta Kuwaitin kaupungin perustamisesta. 1800-luvulla ottomaanien uhka ajoi Kuwaitin hakemaan turvaa brittien kanssa tehdystä sopimuksesta. Mubarak Suuri allekirjoitti sopimuksen vuonna 1899.
 Tuohon aikaan Kuwaitin tulonlähteet olivat laivanrakennus ja helmensukellus. Öljyä löytyi 1930-luvulla, mutta maailmansota keskeytti öljyntuotannon kehittämisen. Sodan jälkeen Kuwait sai tuotantonsa vauhtiin nopeimmin, ja vuonna 1953 se oli Persianlahden suurin öljyntuottaja.
 Vuonna 1961 Kuwaitista tuli itsenäinen, kun aika Britannian protektoraattina päättyi. Šeikistä tuli emiiri. Vuonna 1970 voimaan tulleella sopimuksella Kuwait ja Saudi-Arabia jakoivat keskenään maiden väliin vuonna 1922 muodostetun neutraalin vyöhykkeen.
 Elokuussa 1990 Irak hyökkäsi Kuwaitiin. Yhdysvaltojen johtama liittouma aloitti ensin ilmahyökkäykset, myöhemmin maasodan ja valtasi Kuwaitin helmikuussa 1991. Vetäytyvät Irakin joukot sytyttivät öljylähteitä palamaan. Vuonna 1994 Irak vihdoin hyväksyi YK:n määrittelemän rajalinjan Venäjän välittämissä neuvotteluissa. Vuonna 2003 kymmenet tuhannet Yhdysvaltojen johtamien joukkojen sotilaat hyökkäsivät Kuwaitista käsin Irakiin syrjäyttääkseen Saddam Husseinin.
 Vuoden 2003 parlamenttivaaleissa islamistit ja hallitusta tukevat ehdokkaat menestyivät, liberaalit kokivat tappioita. Silti vuonna 2005 naiset saivat äänioikeuden ja kesäkuussa nimitettiin ensimmäinen naisministeri. Šeikki Nasser al-Mohammad al-Sabah toimi pääministerinä vuodesta 2006, jonka aikana toimi 7 hallitusta, ja emiiri hajotti parlamentin ennenaikaisesti kolme kertaa.
 Vuonna 2007 hallitus erosi, ja uudessa hallituksessa naisministerejä oli kaksi. Vuoden 2008 parlamenttivaaleissa ääri-islamistit menestyivät, eikä yhtään naista valittu parlamenttiin. Maaliskuussa 2009 emiiri hajotti parlamentin, koska se syytti hänen veljenpoikaansa korruptiosta. Uuteen parlamenttiin valittiin vihdoin maan ensimmäiset naiskansanedustajat.
 Maaliskuussa 2011 sadat nuoret osallistuivat mielenosoituksiin, joiden innoittajina oli liikehdintä muissa islamilaisissa maissa, kuten Tunisiassa ja Egyptissä.
 Politiikka
 Kuwaitia hallitsee al-Sabah-sukuun kuuluva emiiri. Kuwait on parlamentaarinen vaalimonarkia. Suvun jäsenet valitsevat istuvan emiirin seuraajan aina keskuudestaan. Emiirillä on pääasiallinen valta, mutta 50 jäsenen kansalliskokous voi tehdä lainsäädännöllisiä aloitteita ja vaikuttaa hallituksen ministereihin. Kansalliskokouksen vaaleissa äänioikeutettuja ovat kaikki miehet ja naiset, jotka ovat olleet Kuwaitin kansalaisia yli 20 vuotta. Kuwaitissa ei ole poliittisia puolueita.
 Naiset saivat äänioikeuden 16. toukokuuta 2005 kansalliskokouksen hyväksyttyä uuden lain, joka sallii naisten asettua ehdolle ja äänestää vaaleissa.
 Kuvernoraatit
 Kuwait jakautuu kuuteen kuvernoraattiin (muhafazat). Lisäksi asumattomat Bubiyanin Warbahin saaret muodostavat oman, 900 neliökilometrin alueensa.
 al-Ahmadi
 al-Farwaniyya
 al-Kuwait
 al-Jahra
 Hawalli
 Mubarak al-Kabir
 Maantiede
 Kuwait on kuivaa, tasaista tai hiukan kumpuilevaa hiekkaerämaata, jonka korkein kohta on noin 300 metriä. Valtiolle kuuluu yhdeksän saarta, joista vain Failaka on asuttu. Suurin saarista on Bubiyan, joka on kooltaan 863 neliökilometriä. Rannikon pohjoisosassa on savisia matalikkoja, kun taas etelässä on hienot hiekkarannat.
 Vuonna 1991 öljykenttien palossa syntynyt noki ja ympäristöön levinnyt öljy pilasivat ympäristöä laajasti. Vauriot näkyvät edelleen niin hiekkaerämaassa ja merenpohjassa kuin koralliriutoillakin.
 Ilmasto on tyypillinen aavikon ilmasto, johon vaikuttaa meren läheisyys. Vuodenaikoja on neljä. Kesä on pitkä ja kuuma, lämpötila voi nousta 46 asteeseen. Talvi on lyhyt ja viileä, ja silloin voi toisinaan tulla jokunen sadekuuro. Pohjoistuuli on kuuma ja kuiva, etelätuuli lämmin ja kostea. Vuoden keskimääräinen sademäärä on 80 millimetriä, mutta se vaihtelee vuodesta toiseen 20:stä jopa 350 millimetriin.
 Aavikon kasvillisuus muodostuu ruoholäikistä ja pienistä pensaista. Maassa elää yli 400 kasvilajia, ja silloin harvoin kun sateet kastelevat erämaan, ruoho viheriöi ja lukemattomat kasvit puhkeavat kukkaan. Ne kuitenkin lakastuvat pian. Aavikolla elää liskoja ja jyrsijöitä. Sudet, gasellit ja jänikset on metsästetty lähes sukupuuttoon. Pesiviä lintulajeja on noin 20, useimmat niistä kuuluvat kiurujen heimoon. Keväällä ja syksyllä maassa pysähtyy kuitenkin satoja lintulajeja muuttomatkallaan.
 Talous
 Kuwaitin talous on hyvin riippuvainen öljystä, joka muodostaa noin puolet bruttokansantuotteesta, 95 prosenttia viennistä ja 95 prosenttia valtion tuloista. Kuwaitin öljyvarannoksi on arvioitu 105 miljardia barrelia, noin yhdeksän prosenttia koko maailman tunnetuista varannoista. Muita merkittäviä luonnonvaroja ovat maakaasu ja kala.
 Aikoinaan al-Jahran vihannespuutarhat olivat maan ylpeydenaihe, mutta koska kasteleminen on niin kallista, elintarvikkeiden tuonti on halvempaa kuin maanviljely. Strategisista syistä valtio haluaa kuitenkin, että edes jotain kasvatetaan myös Kuwaitissa. Viljelmät keskittyvät Wafran, Sulabyan ja Abdalin seudulle.
 Liikenne
 Kuwaitissa on seitsemän lentopaikkaa, joista yhdellä on yli kolmen kilometrin kiitotie. Maantietä on noin 5 700 kilometriä. Satamia ovat Al-Shu'aybah, Al-Shuwaykh, Al-Zawr (Mina' Sa'ud), Mina' 'Abd Allah ja Mina' al Ahmadi.
 Väestöjakauma
 Enemmistö, noin 70 prosenttia Kuwaitin lähes neljästä miljoonasta asukkaasta on maahan muuttaneita siirtotyöläisiä ja siirtolaisia. Vuonna 2014 syntyperäisiä tai kansalaisuuden saaneita kuwaitilaisia oli 2,7 miljoonaa. Etnisesti kuwaitilaisiksi laskettiin 31 prosenttia asukkaista. Muita arabeja oli 28 %, aasialaisia 38 %, afrikkalaisia kaksi prosenttia ja muita yksi prosentti.
 Syntyperäisistä kuwaitilaisista noin 75 % on uskonnoltaan sunnimuslimeja ja 25 % šiiamuslimeja. Koko väestöstä sunnimuslimeja on 45 %, šiioja 40 % ja muita (muun muassa kristittyjä ja hinduja) 15 prosenttia.
 Vuonna 2008 94 prosenttia aikuisista kuwaitilaisista oli lukutaitoisia.
 Kulttuuri
 Siirtyminen paimentolaisesta elämäntyylistä paikoillaan asumiseen ja totuttautuminen öljyn tuomaan vaurauteen on kuwaitilaisille vielä uutta.
 Kuwaitilaiset syövät tyypillisesti kolme ateriaa päivässä. Aamiaisella on lihaa, kuten paistettua maksaa tai munuaisia sekä maitotuotetta kuten jogurttia. Lounaalla ja päivällisellä voi olla useita liharuokalajeja. Aavikolla vihannesten ja viljan saatavuus oli heikko, joten paimentolaiset tottuivat lihapitoiseen ruokavalioon. Elintason nousun myötä ylipainosta on tullut yleistä. Juhlaruokana on tyypillisesti kokonaisena paahdettu lammas, joka tarjotaan sahramiriisin kera. Islamin lain mukaan alkoholi on kiellettyä.
 Useimmat avioliitot ovat järjestettyjä. Nainen tarvitsee iästään riippumatta isänsä luvan avioliittoon. Mies voi ottaa yhdestä neljään vaimoa. Naiset työskentelevät kodin ulkopuolella enemmän kuin monissa arabimaissa, mutta silti työssäkäyvien naisten osuus on pieni. He toimivat tyypillisesti opettajina, toimistotöissä tai hoitoalalla.
 Lehdistönvapaus on Kuwaitissa Persianlahden maista parhaalla tolalla, arvioi Toimittajat ilman rajoja -järjestö. Silti emiirin tai korkeiden kuninkaallisten asioista kirjoitetaan pidättyvästi. Jumalanpilkka tai profeetan halventaminen on laitonta. Valtion televisio- ja radiokanavat toimivat yksityisten rinnalla. Internetin käyttö on rajoitettua, poliittisesti tai moraalisesti arveluttavaa materiaalia ei näytetä.
 Urheilu
 Kuwait on osallistunut olympialaisiin vuodesta 1968. Fehaid Al-Deehani sai ammunnasta pronssimitalin vuosina 2000 ja 2012, ja hän on toistaiseksi Kuwaitin ainoa olympiamitalisti.
 Kuwaitin jalkapallomaajoukkue pelasi MM-kilpailujen lopputurnauksessa 1982. Se karsiutui ensimmäisellä kierroksella. Toukokuussa 2021 se oli FIFA:n rankingissa sijalla 148.
 Kuwaitissa, samoin kuin muissa arabivaltioissa, järjestetään kamelien juoksukilpailuja marraskuusta toukokuuhun, kun ei ole liian kuuma. Kuwaitissa on rekisteröity noin tuhat kilpakamelia. Aiemmin ratsastajina käytettiin mahdollisimman pieniä lapsia, mutta 2000-luvulla on kokeiltu robottien käyttämistä.
 Muuta
 Vuonna 2015 tapahtuneen moskeijaan kohdistuneen pommi-iskun vuoksi Kuwait kerää kaikilta maahan saapuvilta henkilöiltä DNA-näytteen.
 Lähteet
 Viitteet
 Aiheesta muualla
 Official site of Kuwait
 Ministry of information
 BBC News Country Profile - Kuwait
 US State Department - Kuwait includes Background Notes, Country Study and major reports
 42 Aasia
 Seulonnan keskeiset artikkelit


text:
 21.2.2008
 RO
 Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene
 L 47/6
 DECIZIA NR. 98/2007 A COMITETULUI MIXT AL SEE
 din 28 septembrie 2007
 de modificare a anexei I (Chestiuni veterinare şi fitosanitare) la Acordul SEE
 COMITETUL MIXT AL SEE,
 având în vedere Acordul privind Spaţiul Economic European, astfel cum a fost modificat prin Protocolul de adaptare a Acordului privind Spaţiul Economic European, denumit în continuare „acordul”, în special articolul 98,
 întrucât:
 (1)
 Anexa I la acord a fost modificată prin Decizia nr. 78/2007 a Comitetului mixt al SEE din 6 iulie 2007 (1).
 (2)
 Decizia 2006/858/CE a Comisiei din 28 noiembrie 2006 de modificare a Deciziei 2005/393/CE în ceea ce priveşte zonele cu acces reglementat stabilite pentru febra catarală ovină (2) trebuie încorporată în acord.
 (3)
 Decizia 2006/883/CE a Comisiei din 5 decembrie 2006 de modificare a Deciziei 2006/80/CE în ceea ce priveşte Slovenia (3) trebuie încorporată în acord.
 (4)
 Decizia 2006/968/CE a Comisiei din 15 decembrie 2006 de punere în aplicare a Regulamentului (CE) nr. 21/2004 al Consiliului în ceea ce priveşte orientările şi procedurile referitoare la identificarea electronică a animalelor din speciile ovină şi caprină (4) trebuie încorporată în acord.
 (5)
 Regulamentul (CE) nr. 1923/2006 al Parlamentului European şi al Consiliului din 18 decembrie 2006 de modificare a Regulamentului (CE) nr. 999/2001 de stabilire a unor reglementări pentru prevenirea, controlul şi eradicarea anumitor forme transmisibile de encefalopatie spongiformă (5) trebuie încorporat în acord.
 (6)
 Decizia 2007/11/CE a Comisiei din 20 decembrie 2006 de modificare a Deciziei 2005/362/CE din 2 mai 2005 de aprobare a planului pentru eradicarea febrei porcine africane la porcii sălbatici în Sardinia, Italia (6) trebuie încorporată în acord.
 (7)
 Decizia 2007/15/CE a Comisiei din 22 decembrie 2006 de aprobare a planurilor de monitorizare pentru depistarea reziduurilor sau a substanţelor în animalele vii şi în produsele de origine animală prezentate de Bulgaria şi România în conformitate cu Directiva 96/23/CE a Consiliului (7) trebuie încorporată în acord.
 (8)
 Decizia 2007/28/CE a Comisiei din 22 decembrie 2006 de modificare a Deciziei 2005/393/CE privind zonele de protecţie şi de supraveghere pentru febra catarală ovină (8) trebuie încorporată în acord.
 (9)
 Decizia 2007/101/CE a Comisiei din 14 februarie 2007 de modificare a Deciziei 2005/393/CE privind zonele de protecţie şi de supraveghere pentru febra catarală ovină (9) trebuie încorporată în acord.
 (10)
 Decizia 2007/118/CE a Comisiei din 16 februarie 2007 de stabilire a normelor detaliate privind o marcă de identificare alternativă în conformitate cu Directiva 2002/99/CE a Consiliului (10) trebuie încorporată în acord.
 (11)
 Decizia 2007/119/CE a Comisiei din 16 februarie 2007 de modificare a Deciziilor 2006/415/CE, 2006/416/CE şi 2006/563/CE în ceea ce priveşte marca de identificare aplicabilă cărnii proaspete de pasăre (11) trebuie încorporată în acord.
 (12)
 Decizia 2007/123/CE a Comisiei din 20 februarie 2007 de acordare în conformitate cu Directiva 92/119/CEE a Consiliului a unei derogări Italiei privind transportul către un abator a porcinelor pentru sacrificare pe drumurile publice sau private în interiorul unei zone de protecţie (12) trebuie încorporată în acord.
 (13)
 Decizia 2007/135/CE a Comisiei din 23 februarie 2007 de modificare a Deciziei 2003/135/CE cu privire la modificarea planurilor de eradicare a pestei porcine clasice la porcii sălbatici şi de vaccinare de urgenţă a porcilor sălbatici împotriva pestei porcine clasice în anumite zone din landul Renania-Palatinat (Germania) (13) trebuie încorporată în acord.
 (14)
 Prezenta decizie nu se aplică Islandei şi Liechtensteinului,
 DECIDE:
 Articolul 1
 Capitolul I din anexa I la acord se modifică în conformitate cu dispoziţiile anexei la prezenta decizie.
 Articolul 2
 Textele Regulamentului (CE) nr. 1923/2006 şi ale Deciziilor 2006/858/CE, 2006/883/CE, 2006/968/CE, 2007/11/CE, 2007/15/CE, 2007/28/CE, 2007/101/CE, 2007/118/CE, 2007/119/CE, 2007/123/CE şi 2007/135/CE, în limba norvegiană, care urmează a fi publicate în Suplimentul SEE al Jurnalului Oficial al Uniunii Europene, sunt autentice.
 Articolul 3
 Prezenta decizie intră în vigoare la 29 septembrie 2007, cu condiţia să se fi efectuat toate notificările prevăzute la articolul 103 alineatul (1) din acord către Comitetul mixt al SEE (14).
 Articolul 4
 Prezenta decizie se publică în Secţiunea SEE şi în Suplimentul SEE ale Jurnalului Oficial al Uniunii Europene.
 Adoptată la Bruxelles, 28 septembrie 2007.
 Pentru Comitetul mixt al SEE
 Preşedintele
 Stefán Haukur JÓHANNESSON
 (1) JO L 328, 13.12.2007, p. 17.
 (2) JO L 332, 30.11.2006, p. 26.
 (3) JO L 341, 7.12.2006, p. 37.
 (4) JO L 401, 30.12.2006, p. 41.
 (5) JO L 404, 30.12.2006, p. 1.
 (6) JO L 7, 12.1.2007, p. 19.
 (7) JO L 7, 12.1.2007, p. 30.
 (8) JO L 8, 13.1.2007, p. 51.
 (9) JO L 43, 15.2.2006, p. 40.
 (10) JO L 51, 20.2.2007, p. 19.
 (11) JO L 51, 20.2.2007, p. 22.
 (12) JO L 52, 21.2.2007, p. 10.
 (13) JO L 57, 24.2.2007, p. 20.
 (14) Nu au fost semnalate obligaţii constituţionale.
 ANEXĂ
 Capitolul I din anexa I la acord se modifică după cum urmează:
 1.
 După punctul 131 [Regulamentul (CE) nr. 1505/2006 al Comisiei] din partea 1.2 se introduce următorul punct:
 „132.
 32006 D 0968: Decizia 2006/968/CE a Comisiei din 15 decembrie 2006 de punere în aplicare a Regulamentului (CE) nr. 21/2004 al Consiliului în ceea ce priveşte orientările şi procedurile referitoare la identificarea electronică a animalelor din speciile ovină şi caprină (OJ L 401, 30.12.2006, p. 41).”
 2.
 La rubrica „ACTE CARE TREBUIE SĂ FIE LUATE ÎN CONSIDERARE ÎN MOD CORESPUNZĂTOR DE STATELE AELS ŞI AUTORITATEA DE SUPRAVEGHERE A AELS” din partea 1.2 punctul 22 (Decizia 2006/80/CE a Comisiei) se adaugă următorul text:
 „ , astfel cum a fost modificată prin:
 —
 32006 D 0883: Decizia 2006/883/CE a Comisiei din 5 decembrie 2006 (JO L 341, 7.12.2006, p. 37).”
 3.
 La punctul 33 (Decizia 2005/393/CE a Comisiei) din partea 3.2 se adaugă următoarele liniuţe:
 „—
 32006 D 0858: Decizia 2006/858/CE a Comisiei din 28 noiembrie 2006 (JO L 332, 30.11.2006, p. 26);
 —
 32007 D 0028: Decizia 2007/28/CE a Comisiei din 22 decembrie 2006 (JO L 8, 13.1.2007, p. 51);
 —
 32007 D 0101: Decizia 2007/101/CE a Comisiei din 14 februarie 2007 (JO L 43, 15.2.2007, p. 40).”
 4.
 La punctul 36 din partea 3.2 (Decizia 2006/416/CE a Comisiei) se adaugă următorul text:
 „ , astfel cum a fost modificată prin:
 —
 32007 D 0119: Decizia 2007/119/CE a Comisiei din 16 februarie 2007 (JO L 51, 20.2.2007, p. 22).”
 5.
 La rubrica „ACTE CARE TREBUIE SĂ FIE LUATE ÎN CONSIDERARE ÎN MOD CORESPUNZĂTOR DE STATELE AELS ŞI AUTORITATEA DE SUPRAVEGHERE A AELS” din partea 3.2 punctul 20 (Decizia 2003/135/CE a Comisiei) se adaugă următoarea liniuţă:
 „—
 32007 D 0135: Decizia 2007/135/CE a Comisiei din 23 februarie 2007 (JO L 57, 24.2.2007, p. 20).”
 6.
 La rubrica „ACTE CARE TREBUIE SĂ FIE LUATE ÎN CONSIDERARE ÎN MOD CORESPUNZĂTOR DE STATELE AELS ŞI AUTORITATEA DE SUPRAVEGHERE A AELS” din partea 3.2 la punctul 32 (Decizia 2005/362/CE a Comisiei) se adaugă următorul text:
 „ , astfel cum a fost modificată prin:
 —
 32007 D 0011: Decizia 2007/11/CE a Comisiei din 20 decembrie 2006 (JO L 7, 12.1.2007, p. 19).”
 7.
 La rubrica „ACTE CARE TREBUIE SĂ FIE LUATE ÎN CONSIDERARE ÎN MOD CORESPUNZĂTOR DE STATELE AELS ŞI AUTORITATEA DE SUPRAVEGHERE A AELS” din partea 3.2, după punctul 34 (Decizia 2006/705/CE a Comisiei), se inserează următorul punct:
 „35.
 32007 D 0123: Decizia 2007/123/CE a Comisiei din 20 februarie 2007 de acordare în conformitate cu Directiva 92/119/CEE a Consiliului a unei derogări Italiei privind transportul către un abator a porcinelor pentru sacrificare pe drumurile publice sau private în interiorul unei zone de protecţie (JO L 52, 21.2.2007, p. 10).”
 8.
 După punctul 2 (Decizia 2005/93/CE a Comisiei) din partea 5.2 se inserează următorul punct:
 „3.
 32007 D 0118: Decizia 2007/118/CE a Comisiei din 16 februarie 2007 de stabilire a normelor detaliate privind o marcă de identificare alternativă în conformitate cu Directiva 2002/99/CE a Consiliului (JO L 51, 20.2.2007, p. 19).”
 9.
 La punctul 12, din partea 7.1 [Regulamentul (CE) nr. 999/2001 al Parlamentului European şi al Consiliului] se adaugă următoarea liniuţă:
 „—
 32006 R 1923: Regulamentul (CE) nr. 1923/2006 al Parlamentului European şi al Consiliului din 18 decembrie 2006 (JO L 404, 30.12.2006, p. 1).”
 10.
 La rubrica „ACTE CARE TREBUIE SĂ FIE LUATE ÎN CONSIDERARE ÎN MOD CORESPUNZĂTOR DE STATELE AELS ŞI AUTORITATEA DE SUPRAVEGHERE A AELS” din partea 7.2, după punctul 40 (Decizia 2004/449/CE a Comisiei), se inserează următorul punct:
 „40a.
 32007 D 0015: Decizia 2007/15/CE a Comisiei din 22 decembrie 2006 de aprobare a planurilor de monitorizare pentru depistarea reziduurilor sau a substanţelor în animalele vii şi în produsele de origine animală prezentate de Bulgaria şi România în conformitate cu Directiva 96/23/CE a Consiliului (JO L 7, 12.1.2007, p. 30).”


text:
 Събития
 Излиза книгата Nova plantarum genera на италианския ботаник Пиер Антонио Микели (1679 – 1737), в която за първи път има описания на гъби.
 Родени
 12 януари – Едмънд Бърк, британски политик и философ
 22 януари – Готхолд Ефраим Лесинг, немски писател и драматург
 2 май – Екатерина II, императрица на Русия
 4 септември – Луи, дофин на Франция
 11 ноември – Луи Антоан дьо Бугенвил, френски изследовател
 Починали


text:
 EUROPSKA KOMISIJA
 Bruxelles, 27.1.2021.
 COM(2020) 841 final/2
 2020/0373(NLE)
 COM(2020) 841 final of 14.12.2020 downgraded on 27.1.2021
 Prijedlog
 ODLUKE VIJEĆA
 o stajalištu koje treba zauzeti u ime Europske unije u Zajedničkom odboru osnovanom na temelju Sporazuma o povlačenju Ujedinjene Kraljevine Velike Britanije i Sjeverne Irske iz Europske unije i Europske zajednice za atomsku energiju u pogledu donošenja odluke o sastavljanju popisa od 25 osoba koje žele i mogu obnašati dužnost članova arbitražnog vijeća na temelju Sporazuma i dodatnog popisa osoba koje žele i mogu obnašati dužnost Unijinih članova arbitražnog vijeća na temelju Sporazuma
 OBRAZLOŽENJE
 1.Predmet prijedloga
 Komisija predlaže da Vijeće utvrdi stajalište koje u ime Unije treba zauzeti u Zajedničkom odboru osnovanom Sporazumom o povlačenju Ujedinjene Kraljevine Velike Britanije i Sjeverne Irske iz Europske unije i Europske zajednice za atomsku energiju („Sporazum o povlačenju”) o odluci Zajedničkog odbora o izmjeni tog sporazuma.
 2.Kontekst prijedloga
 2.1.Sporazum o povlačenju Ujedinjene Kraljevine Velike Britanije i Sjeverne Irske iz Europske unije i Europske zajednice za atomsku energiju
 U Sporazumu o povlačenju utvrđeni su aranžmani za uredno povlačenje Ujedinjene Kraljevine iz Unije i Euratoma. Sporazum o povlačenju stupio je na snagu 1. veljače 2020.
 2.2.Zajednički odbor
 Zajednički odbor osnovan na temelju članka 164. stavka 1. Sporazuma o povlačenju sastoji se od predstavnika Unije i Ujedinjene Kraljevine. Supredsjedaju mu Unija i Ujedinjena Kraljevina. U Prilogu VIII. Sporazuma o povlačenju utvrđen je poslovnik Zajedničkog odbora. Zajednički odbor sastaje se najmanje jednom godišnje ili kad Unija ili Ujedinjena Kraljevina to zatraži, a u okviru Zajedničkog odbora stranke se sporazumno dogovaraju o rasporedu i dnevnom redu sastanka.
 Zadaće Zajedničkog odbora utvrđene su u članku 164. Sporazuma o povlačenju i obuhvaćaju u prvom redu:
 ·nadgledanje i provedbu primjene Sporazuma izravno ili u okviru rada posebnih odbora koji ga izvješćuju,
 ·donošenje odluka i preporuka, uključujući izmjene Sporazuma u slučajevima koji su u njemu predviđeni,
 ·sprečavanje problema i rješavanje eventualnih sporova u vezi s tumačenjem i primjenom Sporazuma.
 2.3.Predviđeni akt Zajedničkog odbora
 U skladu s člankom 171. stavkom 1. Sporazuma o povlačenju Zajednički odbor najkasnije do isteka prijelaznog razdoblja sastavlja popis 25 osoba koje žele i mogu obavljati dužnost članova arbitražnog vijeća. Zajednički odbor osigurava i usklađenost popisa s posebnim zahtjevima utvrđenima Sporazumom o povlačenju u svakom trenutku.
 Svrha je predviđene odluke sastaviti popis osoba koje žele i mogu obnašati dužnost članova arbitražnih vijeća u okviru Sporazuma o povlačenju.
 Predviđena odluka postat će obvezujuća za stranke u skladu s člankom 166. stavkom 2. Sporazuma o povlačenju. U skladu s pravilom 9. Poslovnika u odlukama koje donese Zajednički odbor navodi se dan na koji počinju proizvoditi učinke.
 3.Stajalište koje treba zauzeti u ime Unije
 Prijelazno razdoblje predviđeno u Sporazumu o povlačenju završava 31. prosinca 2020. Velika većina odredaba Sporazuma o povlačenju, uključujući odredbe o rješavanju sporova iz šestog dijela glave III., počinje proizvoditi učinke 1. siječnja 2021. Nužno je da 1. siječnja 2021. popis arbitara bude sastavljen za slučaj spora oko tumačenja Sporazuma o povlačenju jer od tog trenutka bilo koja stranka može uputiti spor na obvezujuću arbitražu.
 Unija i Ujedinjena Kraljevina zajednički su predložile pet osoba za obnašanje dužnosti predsjednika arbitražnog vijeća. Unija i Ujedinjena Kraljevina predložile su svaka pod deset osoba za dužnost članova arbitražnog vijeća.
 Stajalište Unije stoga bi trebalo biti da podrži donošenje odluke Zajedničkog odbora na temelju članka 171. stavka 1. Sporazuma o povlačenju o sastavljanju popisa od 25 osoba koje žele i mogu obnašati dužnost arbitara na temelju Sporazuma o povlačenju, u skladu s nacrtom odluke priloženim ovom prijedlogu.
 Usto je Unija odabrala dodatnu skupinu od 17 osoba kojima se Unija može obratiti prema potrebi kad Zajednički odbor ažurira popis od 25 osoba u skladu s posljednjom rečenicom članka 171. stavka 1.
 4.Pravna osnova
 Člankom 218. stavkom 9. Ugovora o funkcioniranju Europske unije (UFEU) predviđeno je donošenje odluka kojima se utvrđuju „stajališta koja u ime Unije treba donijeti tijelo osnovano na temelju sporazuma kada je to tijelo pozvano donositi akte koji proizvode pravne učinke, uz iznimku akata kojima se dopunjuje ili mijenja institucionalni okvir sporazuma”.
 Akt koji Zajednički odbor treba donijeti akt je koji proizvodi pravne učinke. Predviđeni akt bit će obvezujući za stranke u u skladu s člankom 166. stavkom 2. Sporazuma.
 Predviđenim aktom ne dopunjuje se niti mijenja institucionalni okvir sporazuma.
 Stoga je postupovna pravna osnova za predloženu odluku članak 218. stavak 9. UFEU-a.
 Cilj i sadržaj predviđenog akta jest utvrditi stajalište Unije o popisu osoba koje žele i mogu obnašati dužnost članova arbitražnih vijeća na temelju Sporazuma o povlačenju. Sporazum je sklopljen na temelju članka 50. stavka 2. Ugovora o Europskoj uniji.
 Pravna osnova predložene odluke trebao bi stoga biti članak 50. stavak 2. Ugovora o Europskoj uniji u vezi s člankom 218. stavkom 9. UFEU-a.
 5.Objava predviđenog akta
 Budući da je svrha odluke Zajedničkog obora sastaviti popis osoba koje žele i mogu obnašati dužnost članova arbitražnih vijeća na temelju Sporazuma o povlačenju, primjereno je objaviti odluku Zajedničkog odbora u Službenom listu Europske unije,
 2020/0373 (NLE)
 Prijedlog
 ODLUKE VIJEĆA
 o stajalištu koje treba zauzeti u ime Europske unije u Zajedničkom odboru osnovanom na temelju Sporazuma o povlačenju Ujedinjene Kraljevine Velike Britanije i Sjeverne Irske iz Europske unije i Europske zajednice za atomsku energiju u pogledu donošenja odluke o sastavljanju popisa od 25 osoba koje žele i mogu obnašati dužnost članova arbitražnog vijeća na temelju Sporazuma i dodatnog popisa osoba koje žele i mogu obnašati dužnost Unijinih članova arbitražnog vijeća na temelju Sporazuma
 VIJEĆE EUROPSKE UNIJE,
 uzimajući u obzir Ugovor o Europskoj uniji, a posebno njegov članak 50. stavak 2.,
 uzimajući u obzir Ugovor o funkcioniranju Europske unije, a posebno njegov članak 218. stavak 9.,
 uzimajući u obzir prijedlog Europske komisije,
 budući da:
 (1)Sporazum o povlačenju Ujedinjene Kraljevine Velike Britanije i Sjeverne Irske iz Europske unije i Europske zajednice za atomsku energiju („Sporazum o povlačenju”) sklopljen je Odlukom Vijeća (EU) 2020/135
 1
 , a stupio je na snagu 1. veljače 2020.
 (2)U skladu s člankom 171. stavkom 1. Sporazuma o povlačenju Zajednički odbor najkasnije do isteka prijelaznog razdoblja utvrđenog u Sporazumu o povlačenju treba sastaviti popis 25 osoba koje žele i mogu obavljati dužnost članova arbitražnog vijeća. Zajednički odbor treba osigurati usklađenost popisa s tim zahtjevima u svakom trenutku.
 (3)U skladu s člankom 171. stavkom 2. Sporazuma o povlačenju taj popis treba sadržavati samo osobe neupitne neovisnosti, koje posjeduju kvalifikacije potrebne za imenovanje na najvišu sudsku dužnost u svojim državama ili koje su priznati pravni stručnjaci te posjeduju stručna znanja ili iskustvo u području prava Unije i međunarodnog javnog prava. Popis ne smije uključivati osobe koje su članovi, dužnosnici ili drugi službenici institucija Unije, vlada država članica ili vlade Ujedinjene Kraljevine.
 (4)Unija i Ujedinjena Kraljevina zajednički su predložile pet osoba za dužnost predsjednika arbitražnog vijeća, a svaka je predložila deset osoba za dužnost člana arbitražnog vijeća.
 (5)Primjereno je utvrditi stajalište koje treba zauzeti u ime Unije u okviru Zajedničkog odbora.
 (6)Primjereno je odabrati dodatnu skupinu stručnjaka koji žele i mogu obnašati dužnost arbitra na temelju Sporazuma o povlačenju i s kojima se može kontaktirati radi ažuriranja popisa od 25 osoba od strane Unije,
 DONIJELO JE OVU ODLUKU:
 Članak 1.
 Stajalište koje u ime Unije treba zauzeti u okviru Zajedničkog odbora osnovanog člankom 164. stavkom 1. Sporazuma o povlačenju temelji se na nacrtu odluke Zajedničkog odbora iz Priloga I. ovoj Odluci.
 Stajalište koje treba zauzeti u ime Unije na sastanku Zajedničkog odbora na kojem se donosi odluka iz prethodnog stavka jest da se podrži prilaganje zapisnika s tog sastanka uz napomenu u kojoj se utvrđuju postupci za imenovanje budućih predsjednika s popisa predsjednika arbitražnog vijeća Sporazuma o povlačenju, kako je utvrđen u Prilogu II.
 Članak 2.
 Dodatni popis osoba koje Unija ubuduće može predložiti za popunjavanje upražnjenih mjesta na popisu od 25 osoba utvrđuje se u skladu s Prilogom III.
 Članak 3.
 Odluka Zajedničkog odbora objavljuje se u Službenom listu Europske unije.
 Ova je Odluka upućena Komisiji.
 Sastavljeno u Bruxellesu,
 Za Vijeće
 Predsjednik
 (1)
 Odluka Vijeća (EU) 2020/135 od 30. siječnja 2020. o sklapanju Sporazuma o povlačenju Ujedinjene Kraljevine Velike Britanije i Sjeverne Irske iz Europske unije i Europske zajednice za atomsku energiju (Tekst značajan za EGP) (SL L 29, 31.1.2020., str. 1.).
 ---documentbreak---
 EUROPSKA KOMISIJA
 Bruxelles, 27.1.2021.
 COM(2020) 841 final/2
 COM(2020) 841 final of 14.12.2020 downgraded on 27.1.2021
 PRILOG
 Prijedlogu odluke Vijeća
 o stajalištu koje treba zauzeti u ime Europske unije u Zajedničkom odboru osnovanom na temelju Sporazuma o povlačenju Ujedinjene Kraljevine Velike Britanije i Sjeverne Irske iz Europske unije i Europske zajednice za atomsku energiju u pogledu donošenja odluke o sastavljanju popisa od 25 osoba koje žele i mogu obnašati dužnost članova arbitražnog vijeća na temelju Sporazuma i dodatnog popisa osoba koje žele i mogu obnašati dužnost Unijinih članova arbitražnog vijeća na temelju Sporazuma
 PRILOG I.
 Odluka br. .../2020 Zajedničkog odbora osnovanog Sporazumom o povlačenju Ujedinjene Kraljevine Velike Britanije i Sjeverne Irske iz Europske unije i Europske zajednice za atomsku energiju
 оd XXX
 o sastavljanju popisa od 25 osoba koje žele i mogu obnašati dužnost članova arbitražnog vijeća na temelju Sporazuma i dodatnog popisa osoba koje žele i mogu obnašati dužnost Unijinih članova arbitražnog vijeća na temelju Sporazuma
 ZAJEDNIČKI ODBOR,
 uzimajući u obzir Sporazum o povlačenju Ujedinjene Kraljevine Velike Britanije i Sjeverne Irske iz Europske unije i Europske zajednice za atomsku energiju
 1
 („Sporazum o povlačenju”), a osobito njegov članak 171. stavak 1.,
 budući da:
 (1)U skladu s člankom 171. stavkom 1. Sporazuma o povlačenju Zajednički odbor najkasnije do isteka prijelaznog razdoblja utvrđenog u tom sporazumu sastavlja popis od 25 osoba koje žele i mogu obavljati dužnost članova arbitražnog vijeća.
 (2)U skladu s člankom 171. stavkom 2. Sporazuma o povlačenju taj popis sadržava samo osobe neupitne neovisnosti, koje posjeduju kvalifikacije potrebne za imenovanje na najvišu sudsku dužnost u svojim državama ili koje su priznati pravni stručnjaci te posjeduju stručna znanja ili iskustvo u području prava Unije i međunarodnog javnog prava. Te osobe ne smiju biti članovi, dužnosnici ili drugi službenici institucija Unije, vlada država članica ili vlade Ujedinjene Kraljevine.
 (3)Uzimajući u obzir zajednički prijedlog Unije i Ujedinjene Kraljevine za pet osoba za dužnost predsjednika arbitražnog vijeća i prijedloge Unije odnosno Ujedinjene Kraljevine za po deset osoba za dužnost članova arbitražnog vijeća,
 DONIJELO JE OVU ODLUKU:
 Članak 1.
 Popis od 25 osoba koje žele i mogu obnašati dužnost arbitara na temelju Sporazuma o povlačenju utvrđuje se u Prilogu I.
 Članak 2.
 Ova Odluka stupa na snagu 1. siječnja 2021.
 Sastavljeno u ...
 Za Zajednički odbor
 Supredsjednici
 PRILOG I.
 Odluke br. .../2020 Zajedničkog odbora
 Predsjednici arbitražnog vijeća Sporazuma o povlačenju
 Gđa Corinna Wissels
 Gđa Angelika Helene Anna Nussberger
 Gđa Jan Klucka
 Sir Daniel Bethlehem
 Gđa Gabrielle Kaufmann-Kohler
 Redovni članovi arbitražnog vijeća Sporazuma o povlačenju
 Unija:
 G. Hubert Legal
 Gđa Helena Jaderblöm
 Gđa Ursula Kriebaum
 G. Jan Wouters
 G. Christoph Walter Hermann
 G. Javier Diez-Hochleitner
 Gđa Alice Guimaraes-Purokoski
 G. Barry Doherty
 Gđa Tamara Ćapeta
 G. Nico Schrijver
 Ujedinjena Kraljevina:
 Sir Gerald Barling
 Sir Christopher Bellamy
 G. Zachary Douglas
 Sir Patrick Elias
 Dame Elizabeth Gloster
 Sir Peter Gross
 G. Toby Landau QC
 G. Dan Sarooshi QC
 Gđa Jemima Stratford QC
 Sir Michael Wood
 (1)
 SL L 29, 31.1.2020., str. 7.
 ---documentbreak--- NA ---documentbreak---
 EUROPSKA KOMISIJA
 Bruxelles, 27.1.2021.
 COM(2020) 841 final/2
 COM(2020) 841 final of 14.12.2020 downgraded on 27.1.2021
 PRILOG
 Prijedlogu odluke Vijeća
 o stajalištu koje treba zauzeti u ime Europske unije u Zajedničkom odboru osnovanom na temelju Sporazuma o povlačenju Ujedinjene Kraljevine Velike Britanije i Sjeverne Irske iz Europske unije i Europske zajednice za atomsku energiju u pogledu donošenja odluke o sastavljanju popisa od 25 osoba koje žele i mogu obnašati dužnost članova arbitražnog vijeća na temelju Sporazuma i dodatnog popisa osoba koje žele i mogu obnašati dužnost Unijinih članova arbitražnog vijeća na temelju Sporazuma
 PRILOG II.
 Nacrt napomene koju treba priložiti zapisniku sa sastanka Zajedničkog odbora Sporazuma o povlačenju održanog xx. prosinca 2020. o utvrđivanju postupaka za buduće imenovanje predsjednika na popisu predsjednika za arbitražno vijeće Sporazuma o povlačenju
 Zajednički odbor danas je sastavio popis od 25 osoba koje žele i mogu obnašati dužnost članova arbitražnog vijeća u skladu s člankom 171. Sporazuma o povlačenju. Stranke podsjećaju da je peta osoba na popisu predsjednika odabrana nakon dugog ždrijeba koji se održao 9. prosinca 2020. u prisutnosti predstavnika obiju stranaka.
 Kako bi se osigurala ravnoteža tijekom vremena, trebalo bi primijeniti sustav rotacije prema kojemu će, ako se isprazni mjesto predsjednika stranke čiji kandidati zauzimaju tri od pet mjesta na popisu, druga stranka predstaviti tri kandidata među kojima će prva stranka u roku od tri radna dana odabrati predsjednika koji će popuniti to ispražnjeno mjesto.
 Ako se isprazni mjesto predsjednika stranke čiji kandidati zauzimaju dva od pet mjesta na popisu, neće se primjenjivati sustav rotacije te će ta stranka predstaviti tri kandidata među kojima će druga stranka u roku od tri radna dana odabrati predsjednika koji će popuniti to ispražnjeno mjesto.
 U skladu s tim, popis predsjednika ni u kojem trenutku neće imati manje od dva predsjednika koje je predstavila svaka stranka.
 Nakon svake prethodno opisane zamjene Zajednički odbor treba izmijeniti popis od 25 osoba odlukom donesenom u skladu s člankom 171. Sporazuma o povlačenju.
 U svakom slučaju Zajednički odbor preispitat će popis od 25 osoba dvije godine nakon stupanja na snagu danas donesene odluke Zajedničkog odbora. Stranke će učiniti sve da tijekom tog preispitivanja zajednički predlože popis od pet predsjednika, kako je utvrđeno u Sporazumu o povlačenju. Taj bi popis trebao zamijeniti prethodni popis najkasnije šest mjeseci od početka preispitivanja.
 Ako se u postupku preispitivanja ne postigne dogovor o petom predsjedniku, stranka čiji kandidati zauzimaju dva mjesta na popisu od pet predsjednika tada će predstaviti tri kandidata među kojima će druga stranka u roku od tri dana odabrati predsjednika koji će popuniti ispražnjeno mjesto. Nakon postupka preispitivanja Zajednički odbor treba izmijeniti popis od 25 osoba odlukom donesenom u skladu s člankom 171. Sporazuma o povlačenju.
 Svi kandidati koje jedna stranka predloži za odabir drugoj stranci u skladu s postupkom utvrđenim u ovoj napomeni moraju ispunjavati kriterije utvrđene u članku 171. Sporazuma o povlačenju te stranka koja opravdano smatra da to nije slučaj ima pravo na prigovor uključivanju ili imenovanju takvog kandidata.
 ---documentbreak--- NA ---documentbreak--- NA ---documentbreak---
 EUROPSKA KOMISIJA
 Bruxelles, 27.1.2021.
 COM(2020) 841 final/2
 COM(2020) 841 final of 14.12.2020 downgraded on 27.1.2021
 PRILOG
 Prijedlogu odluke Vijeća
 o stajalištu koje treba zauzeti u ime Europske unije u Zajedničkom odboru osnovanom na temelju Sporazuma o povlačenju Ujedinjene Kraljevine Velike Britanije i Sjeverne Irske iz Europske unije i Europske zajednice za atomsku energiju u pogledu donošenja odluke o sastavljanju popisa od 25 osoba koje žele i mogu obnašati dužnost članova arbitražnog vijeća na temelju Sporazuma i dodatnog popisa osoba koje žele i mogu obnašati dužnost Unijinih članova arbitražnog vijeća na temelju Sporazuma
 PRILOG III.
 Dodatni popis kandidata koji žele i mogu obnašati dužnost Unijinih članova arbitražnog vijeća na temelju Sporazuma
 G. Myron Nicolatos
 G. Ezio Perillo
 G. Vilenas Vadapalas
 G. Andreas Müller
 G. Pierre d’Argent
 G. Radostin Georgiev Petrov
 G. Costas Clerides
 G. Antonin Mokry
 G. Carri Ginter
 G: Nikolaos Markopoulos
 G. Jukka Snell
 G. Janos Martonyi
 Gđa Alessandra Pietrobon
 G. Ignas Vegele
 Gđa Anita Kovalevska
 G. Kaj I. Hober
 G. Matej Avbelj