type: caselaw

jurisdiction: EU

text:
 24.11.2012
 SV
 Europeiska unionens officiella tidning
 C 366/14
 Domstolens dom (sjätte avdelningen) av den 4 oktober 2012 — Europeiska kommissionen mot Konungariket Belgien
 (Mål C-391/11) (1)
 (Fördragsbrott - Direktiv 2000/53/EG - Artikel 2 led 3 - Miljöskydd - Uttjänta fordon - Producentbegreppet)
 2012/C 366/23
 Rättegångsspråk: franska
 Parter
 Sökande: Europeiska kommissionen (ombud: A. Marghelis och M. Patakia)
 Svarande: Konungariket Belgien (ombud: C. Pochet och T. Materne)
 Saken
 Fördragsbrott — Underlåtenhet att inom den föreskrivna fristen anta de bestämmelser som är nödvändiga för att följa artikel 2 led 1 och 3 och artikel 5.1, 5.2 och 5.4 i Europaparlamentets och rådets direktiv 2000/53/EG av den 18 september 2000 om uttjänta fordon (EGT L 269, s. 34) — Begreppen ”fordon” och ”producenter” — Avgiftsfri inlämning av uttjänta fordon förenad med villkor som inte föreskrivs i direktivet
 Domslut
 1.
 Talan ogillas.
 2.
 Europeiska kommissionen och Förenade kungariket ska bära sina egna rättegångskostnader.
 (1) EUT C 305, 15.10.2011.


type: other

text:
Kūno priežiūros priemonėms su feromonais | Perku.lt
 Pradinis > Prekės suaugusiems > Feromonai > Kūno priežiūros priemonėms su feromonais
 Atgal į: Feromonai
 0.00€ 15.08€
 Rodoma 1 - 45 Iš 45 (Kūno priežiūros priemonėms su feromonais)
 Erotiški kvepalai (tualetinis vanduo), skirti gundyti. Feramonai skatina natūralų norą, didina geidulingumą ir prisideda prie teigiamos nuotaikos. Feramonai yra nematoma atrakcija. Natūralūs erotiniai aromatai, kurie ... Skaityti daugiau
 Kvepalai vyrams PheroMen Eau de Toilette 15 ml. 5.98€
 Kvepalai vyrams Male Pheromones 14 ml.
 Feramonai skatina natūralų norą, didina geidulingumą ir prisideda prie teigiamos nuotaikos. Feramonai yra nematoma atrakcija. Natūralūs erotiniai aromatai, kurie turi fizinį stimuliuojantį padarinį. Prie kūno... Skaityti daugiau
 nuo 15.08€
 Kvepalai vyrams Male Pheromones 14 ml. 15.08€
 Moteriški feromoniniai kvepalai „After Midnight“, 60 ml - Dona
 „After Midnight“ – tai aromatas moterims, papildytas feromonais. Padės atrasti pasitikėjimą savimi, seksualumą ir aistringą viliokę, kuri be vargo pritrauks stipriąją lytį arba sužadins mylimojo aistr... Skaityti daugiau
 Moteriški feromoniniai kvepalai „After Midnight“, 60 ml - Dona 0.00€
 Vyriškas feromoninis gelis „Hot Pheromone“, 15 ml - Hot
 Vyriškas feromoninis gelis „Hot Pheromone“ padės pritraukti dailiosios lyties atstovių dėmesį, pakurstyti aistrą su antrąja puse ir dar labiau pasitikėti savimi. Patogi 15 ml pakuotė.... Skaityti daugiau
 Vyriškas feromoninis gelis „Hot Pheromone“, 15 ml - Hot 0.00€
 Vyriški feromoniniai kvepalai „Onyx“, 100 ml - Cobeco Pharma
 „Onyx“ – tai prabangus ir solidus aromatas vyrams, papildytas feromonais. Padės atrasti pasitikėjimą savimi, seksualumą ir vyriškumą, kuris be vargo pritrauks dailiąją lytį arba sužadins mylimosios aist... Skaityti daugiau
 Vyriški feromoniniai kvepalai „Onyx“, 100 ml - Cobeco Pharma 0.00€
 Moteriški feromoniniai kvepalai „Pearl“, 14 ml - Cobeco Pharma
 „Pearl“ – tai prabangus ir rafinuotas aromatas moterims, papildytas feromonais. Padės atrasti pasitikėjimą savimi, seksualumą ir aistringą viliokę, kuri be vargo pritrauks stipriąją lytį arba sužadins mylimojo aist... Skaityti daugiau
 Moteriški feromoniniai kvepalai „Pearl“, 14 ml - Cobeco Pharma 0.00€
 Moteriški feromoniniai kvepalai „Pearl“, 100 ml - Cobeco Pharma
 Moteriški feromoniniai kvepalai „Pearl“, 100 ml - Cobeco Pharma 0.00€
 Vyriškas feromoninis kūno losjonas „Hot Pheromone“, 150 ml - Hot
 Vyriškas, feromoninis kūno losjonas „Hot Pheromone“ padės pritraukti dailiosios lyties atstovių dėmesį, pakurstyti aistrą su antrąja puse ir įkvėps pasitikėjimo savimi. Patogi 150 ml pakuotė.... Skaityti daugiau
 Vyriškas feromoninis kūno losjonas „Hot Pheromone“, 150 ml - Hot 0.00€
 Moteriškas feromoninis kūno losjonas „Hot Pheromone“, 150 ml - Hot
 Moteriškas, feromoninis kūno losjonas „Hot Pheromone“ padės pritraukti stipriosios lyties atstovų dėmesį, pakurstyti aistrą su antrąja puse ir įkvėps pasitikėjimo savimi. Patogi 150 ml pakuotė.... Skaityti daugiau
 Moteriškas feromoninis kūno losjonas „Hot Pheromone“, 150 ml - Hot 0.00€
 Vyriški feromoniniai kvepalai „Intense“, 5 ml - Hot
 Vyriškas feromoninis kvapas „Intense“ sukurtas specialiai vyrams. Sužadinkite savo vyrišką patrauklumą ir žavėkite dailiosios lyties atstoves savo charizma.... Skaityti daugiau
 Vyriški feromoniniai kvepalai „Intense“, 5 ml - Hot 0.00€
 Feromoniniai kvepalai „Big Flirt unisex“, 10 ml - Sensuva
 Kvepalai „Big Flirt unisex“ iš „Sensuva“ yra papildyti feromonais ir tinka ir vyrams, ir moterims. Patekę ant odos, skleidžia unikalų kvapą. Kompaktišką, 10 ml pakuotę patogu visada turėti su savimi.... Skaityti daugiau
 Feromoniniai kvepalai „Big Flirt unisex“, 10 ml - Sensuva 0.00€
 Vyriška kūno dulksna su feromonais „Hero“, 125 ml - Sensuva
 Kūno dulksna su feromonais „Hero“ iš „Sensuva“ yra sukurta vyrams, trokštantiems labiau pasitikėti savimi ir sulaukti daugiau priešingos lyties atstovių dėmesio. Lengva, visą kūną apgaubianti dulksną i... Skaityti daugiau
 Vyriška kūno dulksna su feromonais „Hero“, 125 ml - Sensuva 0.00€
 Moteriškas feromoninis purškalas „Natural Spray“, 45 ml - Hot
 „Natural Spray“ – tai malonaus kvapo moteriškas feromoninis purškalas, sukurtas atskleisti žavingus moteriškus kerus ir pritraukti vyriškosios lyties atstovus. Pažadinkite žavią viliokę savyje ir mėga... Skaityti daugiau
 Moteriškas feromoninis purškalas „Natural Spray“, 45 ml - Hot 0.00€
 Moteriški feromoniniai kvepalai „Fashionably Late“, 60 ml - Dona
 „Fashionably Late“ – tai rafinuotas ir subtilus aromatas moterims, papildytas feromonais. Padės atrasti pasitikėjimą savimi, seksualumą ir aistringą viliokę, kuri be vargo pritrauks stipriąją lytį arba su�... Skaityti daugiau
 Moteriški feromoniniai kvepalai „Fashionably Late“, 60 ml - Dona 0.00€
 Stimuliuojantis lūpų balzamas su feromonais „X ON the Lips“ - Sensuva
 „X ON the Lips“ yra visiškai natūralios sudėties stimuliuojantis balzamas, tinkamas tiek vyrams, tiek moterims. Dilgčiojantį efektą, kurį kartu su bučiniu dovanosite antrajai pusei, o feromonai neleis Jam... Skaityti daugiau
 Stimuliuojantis lūpų balzamas su feromonais „X ON the Lips“ - Sensuva 0.00€
 Moteriški feromoniniai kvepalai „Too Fabulous“, 60 ml - Dona
 „Too Fabulous“ – tai aromatas moterims, papildytas feromonais. Padės atrasti pasitikėjimą savimi, seksualumą ir aistringą viliokę, kuri be vargo pritrauks stipriąją lytį arba sužadins mylimojo ais... Skaityti daugiau
 Moteriški feromoniniai kvepalai „Too Fabulous“, 60 ml - Dona 0.00€
 Moteriški feromoniniai kvepalai „Day“, 15 ml - Cobeco Pharma
 Sukurtas išskirtinai moterims, išskirtinai dienai... Lengvas, viliojantis, gaivus dieninis aromatas „Day“ yra papildytas feromonais, todėl padeda pritraukti stipriosios lyties atstovų dėmesį.... Skaityti daugiau
 Moteriški feromoniniai kvepalai „Day“, 15 ml - Cobeco Pharma 0.00€
 Vyriški feromoniniai kvepalai „Day“, 15 ml - Cobeco Pharma
 Sukurtas išskirtinai vyrams, išskirtinai dienai... Lengvas, viliojantis, gaivus dieninis aromatas „Day“ yra papildytas feromonais, todėl padeda pritraukti dailiosios lyties atstovių dėmesį.... Skaityti daugiau
 Vyriški feromoniniai kvepalai „Day“, 15 ml - Cobeco Pharma 0.00€
 Feromoninis dezodorantas „Perfect Pits Unisex“, 75 ml - System JO
 „Perfect Pits Unisex“ tai ne tik dezodorantas nuo nemalonaus prakaito kvapo skirtas tiek vyrams, tiek moterims. Jo sudėtyje esantys feromonai padės suvilioti ir pritraukti priešingos ir tos paties lyties atstovus. Jauskite ... Skaityti daugiau
 Feromoninis dezodorantas „Perfect Pits Unisex“, 75 ml - System JO 0.00€
 Vyriškas feromoninis purškalas „Natural Spray“, 50 ml - Hot
 Vyriškas feromoninis purškalas „Natural Spray“, sukurtas sužadinti vyrišką patrauklumą, kad silpnosios lyties atstovės tirptų nuo Jūsų žavesio.... Skaityti daugiau
 Vyriškas feromoninis purškalas „Natural Spray“, 50 ml - Hot 0.00€
 Feromonų ir stimuliuojančio lūpų balzamo rinkinys „Hello Sexy“ - Sensuva
 Rinkinys sukurtas specialiai gundymui – tai „Hello Sexy“. Karštų „Sensuva“ produktų duetas, kurį sudaro universalūs feromoniniai kvepalai, stimuliuojantis lūpų balzamas su feromonais ir bučinių enciklo... Skaityti daugiau
 Feromonų ir stimuliuojančio lūpų balzamo rinkinys „Hello Sexy“ - Sensuva 0.00€
 Kūno sviestas su feromonais „PROVOCAtife“, 240 ml - Sensuva
 Kūno sviestas „PROVOCAtife“ iš „Sensuva“ kolekcijos atlieka dvigubą darbą – universalūs Unisex feromonai sukuria jausmingą nuotaiką, o sudėtyje esantys natūralūs ingredientai puoselėja Jūsų odą.... Skaityti daugiau
 Kūno sviestas su feromonais „PROVOCAtife“, 240 ml - Sensuva 0.00€
 Masažo losjonas su feromonais „PROVOCAtife“, 120 ml - Sensuva
 Losjonas „PROVOCAtife“ iš „Sensuva“ kolekcijos atlieka dvigubą darbą – universalūs tiek vyrams, tiek moterims tinkantys feromonai sukuria jausmingą nuotaiką, o sudėtyje esantys natūralūs ingredientai puoselėj... Skaityti daugiau
 Masažo losjonas su feromonais „PROVOCAtife“, 120 ml - Sensuva 0.00€
 Patalpų kvapas su feromonais „The Garden of Love men“, 100 ml - Hot
 Gaivaus kvapo namų purškiklis su feromonais „The Garden of Love men“, skirtas patraukti dailiosios lyties atstovių dėmesį – iš kompanijos „Hot“.... Skaityti daugiau
 Patalpų kvapas su feromonais „The Garden of Love men“, 100 ml - Hot 0.00€
 Moteriškas feromoninis purškalas „Cobeco“, 14 ml - Cobeco Pharma
 „Cobeco“ – tai itin moteriškas aromatas, pasižymintis gundančiu ir saldžiu kvapu. Skirtas norint pasitikėti savimi, jaustis gundančiai ir seksualiai. Aromatas sukurtas atskleisti žavingus moteriškus... Skaityti daugiau
 Moteriškas feromoninis purškalas „Cobeco“, 14 ml - Cobeco Pharma 0.00€
 Patalpų kvapas su feromonais „The Garden of Love women“, 100 ml - Hot
 Gaivaus kvapo namų purškiklis su feromonais „The Garden of Love women“, skirtas patraukti stipriosios lyties atstovų dėmesį – iš kompanijos „Hot“.... Skaityti daugiau
 Patalpų kvapas su feromonais „The Garden of Love women“, 100 ml - Hot 0.00€
 Vyriškas feromoninis purškalas „Cobeco“, 14 ml - Cobeco Pharma
 Vyriškas feromoninis purškalas „Cobeco“ – itin vyriškas aromatas, kuris įkvėps pasitikėjimo savimi ir pritrauks dailiosios lyties atstoves. Sužadinkite savo vyrišką patrauklumą, pasitikėjimą savimi ir �... Skaityti daugiau
 Vyriškas feromoninis purškalas „Cobeco“, 14 ml - Cobeco Pharma 0.00€
 Vyriškas feromoninis purškalas „Extra“, 10 ml - Hot
 Vyriškas feropmoninis purškalas „Extra“ yra itin stiprios koncentracijos. Sužadinkite savo vyrišką patrauklumą ir žavėkite dailiosios lyties atstoves savo charizma.... Skaityti daugiau
 Vyriškas feromoninis purškalas „Extra“, 10 ml - Hot 0.00€
 Moteriški feromoniniai kvepalai „Sexy Miami“, 30 ml - Hot
 „Sexy Miami“ – tai itin seksualus ir moteriškas aromatas, skirtas pasitikėti savimi, jaustis gundančiai ir seksualiai. Aromatas sukurtas atskleisti žavingus, moteriškus kerus ir pakerėti vyriškos lyties atstovus... Skaityti daugiau
 Moteriški feromoniniai kvepalai „Sexy Miami“, 30 ml - Hot 0.00€
 Vyriškas feromoninis purškalas „Intense“, 5 ml - Hot
 Vyriškas feromoninis purškalas „Intense“ sukurtas specialiai vyrams. Sužadinkite savo vyrišką patrauklumą ir žavėkite dailiosios lyties atstoves savo charizma.... Skaityti daugiau
 Vyriškas feromoninis purškalas „Intense“, 5 ml - Hot 0.00€
 Moteriškas feromoninis purškalas „Woman“, 10 ml - Hot
 „Woman“ - tai moteriškas feromoninis purškalas, sukurtas atskleisti žavingus, moteriškus kerus ir pritraukti vyriškosios lyties atstovus. Itin stipri feromonų koncentracija padės pažadinti žavią v... Skaityti daugiau
 Moteriškas feromoninis purškalas „Woman“, 10 ml - Hot 0.00€
 Vyriškas feromoninis purškalas „Truly Magnetic For Him“, 5 ml - System JO
 Vyriškas feromoninis kūno purškalas „Truly Magnetic For Him“ – vyrui, kuris trokšta, kad moterys Jam neatsispirtų. Užtenka vos vieno purkštelėjimo ir akimirksniu pritrauksite dailiosios lyties atstoves.... Skaityti daugiau
 Vyriškas feromoninis purškalas „Truly Magnetic For Him“, 5 ml - System JO 0.00€
 Moteriškas feromoninis purškalas „Truly Magnetic For Her“, 5 ml - System JO
 „Truly Magnetic For Her“ – tai kūno purškalas moterims, papildytas feromonais. Padės atrasti pasitikėjimą savimi, seksualumą ir aistringą viliokę, kuri be vargo pritrauks stipriąją lytį... Skaityti daugiau
 Moteriškas feromoninis purškalas „Truly Magnetic For Her“, 5 ml - System JO 0.00€
 Moteriškas feromoninis purškalas „Women Women“, 5 ml - System JO
 „Women Women“ – tai kūno purškalas moterims, papildytas feromonais. Padės atrasti pasitikėjimą savimi, seksualumą ir aistringą viliokę, kuri be vargo pritrauks dailiąją lytį.... Skaityti daugiau
 Moteriškas feromoninis purškalas „Women Women“, 5 ml - System JO 0.00€
 Feromoninis dezodorantas vyrams „Perfect Pits for Him“, 75 ml - System JO
 „Perfect Pits for Him“ vyriškas dezodorantas su feromonais, padės apsisaugoti ne tik nuo nemalonaus kūno kvapo, bet ir pritrauks dailiosios lyties atstoves. Mėgaukitės švaros ir gaivumo jausmu, tuo pačiu vilioda... Skaityti daugiau
 Feromoninis dezodorantas vyrams „Perfect Pits for Him“, 75 ml - System JO 0.00€
 Feromoninis dezodorantas moterims „Perfect Pits for Her“, 75 ml - System JO
 „Perfect Pits for Her“ tai ne tik dezodorantas nuo nemalonaus prakaito kvapo skirtas moterims, bet ir feromonai, kurie padės suvilioti ir pritraukti priešingos lyties atstovus. Jauskite gaivą ir švarą ... Skaityti daugiau
 Feromoninis dezodorantas moterims „Perfect Pits for Her“, 75 ml - System JO 0.00€
 Feromoninis dezodorantas moterims „Women Women“, 75 ml - System JO
 „Women - Women“ tai ne tik dezodorantas nuo nemalonaus prakaito kvapo, skirtas moterims, bet ir feromonai, kurie padės įgyti pasitikėjimo savimi ir pritrauks tos pačios lyties atstoves. Jauskite gaivą ir švarą... Skaityti daugiau
 Feromoninis dezodorantas moterims „Women Women“, 75 ml - System JO 0.00€
 Moteriški feromoniniai kvepalai „Pherofem“, 15 ml - Cobeco Pharma
 „Pherofem“ – tai aromatas moterims, papildytas feromonais. Padės atrasti pasitikėjimą savimi, seksualumą ir aistringą viliokę, kuri be vargo pritrauks stipriąją lytį.... Skaityti daugiau
 Moteriški feromoniniai kvepalai „Pherofem“, 15 ml - Cobeco Pharma 0.00€
 Feromoninis purškalas „Truly Magnetic Unisex“, 5 ml - System JO
 Nors meilės eliksyras ir neegzistuoja, bet Jūs galite išbandyti feromoninį kūno purškalą „Truly Magnetic Unisex“. Užtenka vos vieno purkštelėjimo ir akimirksniu pritrauksite ypatingą dėmesį.... Skaityti daugiau
 Feromoninis purškalas „Truly Magnetic Unisex“, 5 ml - System JO 0.00€
 Vyriški feromoniniai kvepalai „Pheromen“, 15 ml - Cobeco Pharma
 Vyriški feromoniniai kvepalai „Pheromen“ – vyrui, kuris trokšta, kad moterys Jam neatsispirtų. Gaivus ir itin vyriškas aromatas sužadins Jūsų pasitikėjimą savimi, vyrišką patrauklumą ir padės suvilioti... Skaityti daugiau
 Vyriški feromoniniai kvepalai „Pheromen“, 15 ml - Cobeco Pharma 0.00€
 Vyriški feromoniniai kvepalai „Stimul8“, 14 ml - Stimul8
 „Stimul8“ vyriški feromoniniai kvepalai sukurti sužadinti vyrišką patrauklumą, kad silpnosios lyties atstovės tirptų nuo Jūsų žavesio.... Skaityti daugiau
 Vyriški feromoniniai kvepalai „Stimul8“, 14 ml - Stimul8 0.00€
 Kūno dulksna su feromonais „Flirtatious Pomegranate, Fig, Coconut & Plumeria“, 125 ml - Sensuva
 Kūno dulksna „Flirtatious Pomegranate, Fig, Coconut & Plumeria“, praturtinta neutraliais feromonais, todėl ne tik švelniai apglėbs maloniu aromatu bei atgaivins, bet ir pritrauks vyrų ar moterų dėmesį. ... Skaityti daugiau
 Kūno dulksna su feromonais „Flirtatious Pomegranate, Fig, Coconut & Plumeria“, 125 ml - Sensuva 0.00€
 Kūno dulksna su feromonais „Flirtatious Passionfruit & Guava“, 125 ml - Sensuva
 Kūno dulksna „Flirtatious Passionfruit & Guava“, praturtinta neutraliais feromonais, todėl ne tik švelniai apglėbs maloniu aromatu bei atgaivins, bet ir pritrauks vyrų ar moterų dėmesį. Gaivaus, sal... Skaityti daugiau
 Kūno dulksna su feromonais „Flirtatious Passionfruit & Guava“, 125 ml - Sensuva 0.00€
 Kūno dulksna su feromonais „Flirtatious Vanilla, Sugar & Sweet Pea“, 125 ml - Sensuva
 Kūno dulksna „Flirtatious Vanilla, Sugar & Sweet Pea“, praturtinta neutraliais feromonais, todėl ne tik švelniai apglėbs maloniu aromatu bei atgaivins, bet ir pritrauks vyrų ar moterų dėmesį. Saldaus cukruotos ... Skaityti daugiau
 Kūno dulksna su feromonais „Flirtatious Vanilla, Sugar & Sweet Pea“, 125 ml - Sensuva 0.00€
 Kremas su feromonais „Magnify for Him“, 30 ml - System JO
 Išnaudokite traukos galią kartu su kompanijos „System JO“ kremu su feromonais „Magnify for Him“. Naujos, patobulintos sudėties formulės kremas padidina seksualinį potraukį ir skatina vyriškų feromonų gamybą.... Skaityti daugiau
 Kremas su feromonais „Magnify for Him“, 30 ml - System JO 0.00€


jurisdiction: US

text:
The indictment in this case charges Barnet Weinstein with the crime of perjury, and avers that on December 12th, 1921, *Page 82
 he appeared before Joseph L. McAllister, a justice of the peace of the State of Maryland in and for the City of Baltimore, and offered to give security to the State for the appearance before the said justice of one Adolph Markanski, when duly summoned and notified to answer to a certain criminal charge pending against him before such justice, and in connection with that offer deposed and said that his interest in certain property in Baltimore City was absolute and undivided, whereas it was not absolute and undivided; and that on November 22d 1921, he appeared before the clerk of the Criminal Court of Baltimore City and offered to give security to the State for the appearance before said court when thereto duly summoned of one Beatrice Riley, to answer a criminal charge pending in said court against her and in connection with said offer deposed that his interest in certain other property in said city was absolute, whereas in fact it was not absolute. And that subsequently he was indicted for perjury in connection with each of these depositions, and on May 21st, 1923, was tried on those charges before the Criminal Court of Baltimore City, and in the course of those trials he was sworn as a witness and asked whether he was paid or had received any money for giving security for the appearance of Markanski before the justice and for the appearance of Beatrice Riley before the said court to answer the charges respectively pending against them, and that in answer to said inquiry he had testified that he had not been paid and that he had not received money therefor, whereas in fact he had been paid and had received money therefor.
 Upon that indictment he was tried before the Criminal Court of Baltimore City, convicted, and sentenced to six months in the Maryland Penitentiary, and from that judgment and sentence he has taken this appeal.
 Before pleading the traverser demurred to the indictment, which demurrer the court overruled, whereupon he pleaded "not guilty."
 During the course of the trial twenty eight exceptions were noted by the defendant to rulings of the court upon matters *Page 83
 of evidence, and those rulings and the ruling of the court on the demurrer we are called upon by the appeal to review.
 Naturally the first question to be considered is the ruling on the demurrer to the indictment. One of the appellant's objections to that indictment is that it includes in a single count charges of two several distinct, separate and unconnected offences, and is therefore duplicitous. If that objection is true in fact, it is in our opinion sound in law. Stearns v. State, 81 Md. 346; 31 C.J. 758 and note 92; Wharton, Crim. Proc., par. 392;Bishop, Crim. Proc., par. 432. For if two distinct crimes are charged in the same count, although they may believe him guilty of one and not guilty of the other, the jury trying the case must nevertheless either convict the traverser of both or acquit him of both, since in such a case as this there could be under the laws of this State no splitting of the verdict, and, as said inState v. Smith, 61 Me. 389, "this strictness of pleading is necessary in order that the accused may not be in doubt as to the specific charge against him which he is called to defend, and that the court may know what sentence to pronounce." The question therefore is narrowed to this: Are there in fact two several, distinct and separate offences charged in the single count of the indictment in this case?
 From the averments of the indictment it appears that Weinstein was charged with having, on December 21st, 1921, in offering himself as security in the Markanski case, sworn falsely before the justice concerning his interest in a property described as 4219 East Lombard Street in Baltimore City, and with having, on November 5th, 1921, in offering himself as security in the Riley case, sworn falsely in the Criminal Court of Baltimore City concerning his interest in properties described as Nos. 26, 26 1/2 and 28 Caroline Street in said city. While it is not directly charged, yet the language of the indictment compels the inference, that he was separately indicted for each of those offences, because, after setting out the facts of each charge referred to separately, it avers further, in connection with those charges, "which said *Page 84 causes and issues were then and there pending therein and then and there came on to be tried and determined," and the use of the plural form of "cause" in connection with the fact that the "causes" referred to could only have related to the two charges referred to above, compels the inference that there were two causes. It further appeared that those two "causes" were tried in the Criminal Court of Baltimore City, and while it does not appear from the record that they were consolidated, or even that they were tried at the same time, it does appear that Weinstein's testimony was the same in each case. It is stated in the appellant's brief that the two cases were tried at the same time, but in considering the sufficiency of the indictment it is not apparent how that statement can be used to supplement its averments. But in any aspect of the case we have this situation, that in each of two separate and distinct cases, one relating to a false statement under oath before the justice concerning his ownership of the Lombard Street property in the Markanski case, and the other to a false statement under oath before the clerk of the criminal court in the Beatrice Riley case concerning his interest in the Caroline Street property, he falsely testified that he had not received money for acting as security in either case. Now one of the essential elements of the crime of perjury is that the false testimony upon which it is based must have been material to the issues or matter in connection with which it was given (2 Wharton, Crim. Proc., par. 1095), and the question therefore arises as to whether both the false statements charged in this case were material in each of the two causes in which they were made. That the statement relating to the defendant's receiving money for giving security in the Markanski case was material to the issues in the trial of the charge that he swore falsely as to his interest in the property referred to in that case is, we think, clear, but whether his statement, made in the trial of the Markanski case, that he did not receive money for giving security in the Riley case, where he was charged with having sworn falsely concerning property referred to in that case, which *Page 85
 was not the property referred to in the Markanski case, was material, presents more difficulty. The indictment must show the materiality, for, as stated in 2 Wharton, Crim. Proc., par. 1095, "where several distinct parts of the testimony are alleged to be false the indictment or information must distinctly show that each part alleged to be false was material," and it is as necessary that the materiality of so much of the false statements made in the trial of the traverser for the Markanski perjury, as related to the Riley case should appear as that the materiality of so much of it as related to the Markanski case should appear.
 The rule in this State as to the nature and sufficiency of an averment of materiality in such a case is stated in the following terms in Deckard v. State, 38 Md. 206: "The next objection of most importance is, that the materiality of the false testimony to the issue or question depending, is not sufficiently averred. This materiality must appear in one of two ways, either upon the face of the indictment, or by express averment. It may sufficiently appear to be material from the nature of the evidence itself, or from certain facts stated by way of inducement in the commencement of the indictment, or its materiality may be stated by way of averment. But it is sufficient that this appears in one of these two methods; it need not be made so to appear by both. 3 Arch Cr. Pr. 598; 2Chitty's Cr. Law, 309; 2 Bishop's Cr. Proc., sec. 854." And in Wharton, Crim. Proc., par. 1096, the same rule is thus stated: "The indictment or information may set out the materiality to the issues or point of inquiry of the testimony alleged to be false in either of two ways: (1) by a direct averment of that fact, or (2) by setting forth the facts from which the materiality is made apparent or necessarily inferred; and an averment of the materiality of the alleged false testimony by either of these methods is usually sufficient, although there are occasional cases to the contrary. But it is to be remembered that a simple allegation of materiality, without setting out the facts showing such materiality, is merely the averment of a conclusion of law, *Page 86
 and such an averment cannot save an indictment or information otherwise bad — as where it is shown by the facts set forth in the indictment or information, or by the record, that the alleged false matter complained of could not have been material."
 The appellee contends that since the indictment, after setting out each charge separately, used this expression: "And that it then and there became and was a matter material to the issue in said causes whether the said Barnet Weinstein in offering and giving security to the State of Maryland for the appearance of Adolph Markanski before Joseph L. McAllister, justice as aforesaid, when he, the said Adolph Markanski should be summoned and notified to appear before the said Joseph L. McAllister, justice as aforesaid, to answer to the charge laid against him as aforesaid, and particularly on the twenty-eighth day of December, in the year of our Lord, nineteen hundred and twenty-one, was then and there paid or received any money or other compensation for so doing; and whether the said Barnet Weinstein in offering and giving security to the State of Maryland for the appearance of Beatrice Riley before the Criminal Court of Baltimore when she, the said Beatrice Riley, should be summoned and notified to appear before the said court and stand trial on the charge laid against her, as aforesaid, was then and there paid or received any money or other compensation for so doing," any inquiry into the materiality of the false testimony is barred under theDeckard case, supra. But we do not so read that case, nor de we so understand the rule. In the Deckard case the court was dealing with the issues in a single case and the record showed on its face that the false statements were material to the issues in the case in which they were made, while here the false statements refer to two cases, and one of them is necessarily immaterial in each of those cases. And where that is the case a mere general charge in an indictment that a statement is material, which the indictment itself shows to be immaterial, cannot establish its materiality. These conclusions appear to be self-evident *Page 87
 and are certainly supported by both the courts and the text writers. In State v. Ela, 91 Me. 314, the rule is precisely and, we think, accurately, stated in these words: "To constitute perjury, the testimony must be material to the issue. While the statute requires only the allegation of materiality, yet, if the recited testimony is clearly not material, the indictment defeats itself. It alleges a thing to be material, and shows on its face that it is not material. The allegation of materiality, though in the words of the statute, in such a case cannot save the indictment. This count is therefore bad." And to the same effect is State v. Bailey, 34 Mo. 350; People v. Gaige, 26 Mich. 30;State v. Smith, 40 Kan. 631.
 Since therefore the indictment must show that both assignments of perjury were material, the inquiry may be put in this form: was the fact that Weinstein received money for furnishing security for the appearance of Markanski before the justice material to show that he had sworn falsely as to his interest in property referred to when he offered security for the appearance of Beatrice Riley in the criminal court?
 The general rule as to the relevancy of evidence of other acts similar to that forming the basis of a prosecution in a particular case to show guilt is thus stated in Underhill, Crim.Er., par. 150:
 "* * * The large majority of persons of average intelligence are untrained in logical methods of thinking, and are therefore prone to draw illogical and incorrect inferences and conclusions without adequate foundation. From such persons jurors are selected. They will very naturally believe that a person is guilty of the crime with which he is charged if it is proved to their satisfaction that he has committed a similar offense, or any offense of an equally heinous character. And it cannot be said with truth that this tendency is wholly without reason or justification, as every person can bear testimony from his or her experience, that a man who will commit one crime is very likely subsequently to commit another of the same description. To guard against this evil, and at the same time to avoid the delay which would be incident to *Page 88
 an indefinite multiplication of issues, the general rule (to which, however, some very important exceptions may be noted) forbids the introduction of evidence which will show, or tend to show, that the accused has committed any crime wholly independent of that offense for which he is on trial. Generally it is error to admit evidence independent of the crime charged of other offenses, or the prior conviction for other offenses, such as in a charge of adultery, abortion, arson, assault, assault and battery, bribery, homicide, murder, uxoricide, manslaughter, burglary, embezzlement, larceny, theft, receiving stolen property, forgery, robbery, conversion, obtaining money by false pretenses, false representations, gambling, perjury, rape, statutory rape, assault with intent to rape, incest, sodomy, sedition, poisoning, fraud, using the mails to defraud, unlawfully carrying a pistol, picking pockets, violating liquor laws, unlawfully issuing prescriptions, and other crimes."
 To that rule there are certain well recognized exceptions, as where the acts sought to be shown tend to show knowledge, intent or design, which are very fully and carefully analyzed and defined in Wigmore, Evidence, ch. 12. But after a very careful examination of the authorities, both the cases and the text books, we have been unable to discover any support for the proposition that such a fact, to wit, that a person, accused of perjury in a statement concerning his ownership of property in connection with his offer to furnish security for the appearance of one charged with a crime, received money for acting as a bailpiece in a wholly different and independent case, is relevant or material to show the perjury, and in our opinion it was too remote to be either relevant or material under any exception to the general rule. For, as stated in 16 C.J. 586, "The admission of evidence which shows or tends to show the commision of other offenses by accused has been and should be carefully restricted. While there are several recognized exceptions to the rule excluding evidence of other offenses, and these exceptions are founded on as much wisdom and justice as the rule itself, the rule should be *Page 89
 strictly enforced, and should not be departed from except under conditions which clearly justify such a departure." And in as much therefore as the same count of the indictment contains assignments of separate and independent perjuries, one of which was as to an immaterial matter, while the other was to a material matter, the demurrer to it should have been sustained. While this conclusion disposes of the case, in as much as the accused may be indicted again we will also pass upon the other question presented by the appeal.
 It was contended by the appellant that the indictments in the two cases in which the alleged perjury was committed were demurrable because they did not in fact charge a crime. But in our opinion that objection cannot be raised in this proceeding. The defendant was indicted in the Criminal Court of Baltimore for perjury. That court had jurisdiction of the subject matter and of the person accused. If the indictments were bad, they should have been attacked in these cases, for they cannot be made the subject of a collateral attack in this. The court, in those cases, acting under its general powers, could and did exercise the power of passing upon the sufficiency of the indictments and we have been referred to no authority, nor do we know of any, to support the novel theory that the propriety of its action in that respect can be reviewed collaterally in another case. The record conclusively shows that the appellant was indicted in that court for the crime of perjury said to have been committed in Baltimore City, and under the laws of this State it had jurisdiction to try and determine every question connected with that charge, and its acts done in the exercise of that jurisdiction may not be collaterally impeached, 15 C.J. 837.
 In respect to the exceptions to the testimony, it is sufficient to say, in view of our conclusion, that under the circumstances of this case we have discovered no reversible errors in any of the rulings involved in them. Testimony was permitted over defendant's objection as to what the traverser said in each of the cases tried on May 21st, 1921, in which he was charged with perjury, but as it does not appear from the record *Page 90
 whether the same testimony was offered by agreement in each of those cases, or whether it was given in both cases under one oath, or if by agreement what were the terms of the agreement, we cannot pass upon the relevancy of references to that testimony.
 Because of the error in overruling the demurrer to the indictment, the judgment appealed from must be reversed.
 Judgment reversed, with costs.


type: contracts

text:
 23.2.2006
 DA
 Den Europæiske Unions Tidende
 L 53/36
 AFGØRELSE TRUFFET AF DET BLANDEDE EØS-UDVALG
 Nr. 141/2005
 af 2. december 2005
 om ændring af bilag I (Dyre- og plantesundhed) til EØS-aftalen
 DET BLANDEDE EØS-UDVALG HAR —
 under henvisning til aftalen om Det Europæiske Økonomiske Samarbejdsområde som ændret ved protokollen om tilpasning af aftalen om Det Europæiske Økonomiske Samarbejdsområde, i det følgende benævnt »aftalen«, særlig artikel 98, og
 ud fra følgende betragtninger:
 (1)
 Bilag I til aftalen blev ændret ved afgørelse truffet af Det Blandede EØS-udvalg nr. 110/2005 (1).
 (2)
 Kommissionens beslutning 2005/200/EF af 2. marts 2005 om bemyndigelse af Estland, Letland, Litauen og Malta til at vedtage strengere krav vedrørende tilstedeværelsen af Avena fatua i sædekorn (2) bør indarbejdes i aftalen.
 (3)
 Kommissionens beslutning 2005/310/EF af 15. april 2005 om midlertidig handel med frø af arten Glycine max, der ikke opfylder kravene i Rådets direktiv 2002/57/EF (3), bør indarbejdes i aftalen.
 (4)
 Kommissionens beslutning 2005/325/EF af 8. marts 2005 om fritagelse af Tjekkiet, Estland, Cypern, Letland, Litauen, Malta og Polen for forpligtelsen til for visse arters vedkommende at anvende Rådets direktiv 66/401/EØF, 66/402/EØF, 68/193/EØF, 1999/105/EF og 2002/57/EF om henholdsvis handel med frø af foderplanter, handel med sædekorn, handel med vegetativt formeringsmateriale af vin, markedsføring af forstligt formeringsmateriale og handel med frø af olie- og spindplanter (4) bør indarbejdes i aftalen —
 TRUFFET FØLGENDE AFGØRELSE:
 Artikel 1
 I kapitel III, del 2, i bilag I til aftalen foretages følgende ændringer:
 1.
 Følgende punkt indsættes efter punkt 40 (Kommissionens beslutning 2005/114/EF):
 »41.
 32005 D 0310: Kommissionens beslutning 2005/310/EF af 15. april 2005 om midlertidig handel med frø af arten Glycine max, der ikke opfylder kravene i Rådets direktiv 2002/57/EF (EUT L 99 af 19.4.2005, s. 13).«
 2.
 Under overskriften »RETSAKTER, SOM EFTA-STATERNE OG EFTA-TILSYNSMYNDIGHEDEN SKAL TAGE BEHØRIGT HENSYN TIL« indsættes følgende punkt efter punkt 73 (Kommissionens beslutning 1999/416/EF):
 »74.
 32005 D 0200: Kommissionens beslutning 2005/200/EF af 2. marts 2005 om bemyndigelse af Estland, Letland, Litauen og Malta til at vedtage strengere krav vedrørende tilstedeværelsen af Avena fatua i sædekorn (EUT L 70 af 16.3.2005, s. 19).
 75.
 32005 D 0325: Kommissionens beslutning 2005/325/EF af 8. marts 2005 om fritagelse af Tjekkiet, Estland, Cypern, Letland, Litauen, Malta og Polen for forpligtelsen til for visse arters vedkommende at anvende Rådets direktiv 66/401/EØF, 66/402/EØF, 68/193/EØF, 1999/105/EF og 2002/57/EF om henholdsvis handel med frø af foderplanter, handel med sædekorn, handel med vegetativt formeringsmateriale af vin, markedsføring af forstligt formeringsmateriale og handel med frø af olie- og spindplanter (EUT L 109 af 29.4.2005, s. 1).
 Beslutningens bestemmelser gælder i forbindelse med aftalen med følgende tilpasning:
 Referencer til andre retsakter i beslutningen anses for relevante, i det omfang og i den form disse indarbejdes i aftalen.«
 Artikel 2
 Den islandske og norske udgave af beslutning 2005/200/EF, 2005/310/EF og 2005/325/EF, der offentliggøres i EØS-tillægget til Den Europæiske Unions Tidende, er autentiske.
 Artikel 3
 Denne afgørelse træder i kraft den 3. december 2005, forudsat at Det Blandede EØS-udvalg har modtaget alle meddelelser i henhold til aftalens artikel 103, stk. 1 (5).
 Artikel 4
 Denne afgørelse offentliggøres i Den Europæiske Unions Tidendes EØS-afsnit og EØS-tillæg.
 Udfærdiget i Bruxelles, den 2. december 2005.
 På vegne af Det Blandede EØS-udvalg
 SD Prinz Nikolaus von LIECHTENSTEIN
 Formand
 (1) EUT L 339 af 22.12.2005, s. 6.
 (2) EUT L 70 af 16.3.2005, s. 19.
 (3) EUT L 99 af 19.4.2005, s. 13.
 (4) EUT L 109 af 29.4.2005, s. 1.
 (5) Ingen forfatningsmæssige krav angivet.