type: legislation

text:
 EUROPEISKA KOMMISSIONEN
 Bryssel den 9.10.2017
 COM(2017) 584 final
 2017/0257(NLE)
 Förslag till
 RÅDETS BESLUT
 om den ståndpunkt som ska intas på Europeiska unionens vägnar i handelskommittén beträffande ändringen av bilaga XII till handelsavtalet mellan Europeiska unionen och dess medlemsstater, å ena sidan, och Colombia och Peru, å andra sidan, som innehåller en förteckning över Colombias upphandlande enheter i enlighet med bestämmelserna i avdelning VI (”Offentlig upphandling”)
 MOTIVERING
 1.Förslagets syfte
 Detta förslag gäller ett beslut om fastställande av den ståndpunkt som ska intas på unionens vägnar i handelskommittén för handelsavtalet mellan Europeiska unionen och dess medlemsstater, å ena sidan, och Colombia och Peru, å andra sidan (nedan kallat handelsavtalet)
 1
 i samband med det planerade antagandet av ett beslut rörande Colombias ändring av underavsnitt 2 i avsnitt A i tillägg 1 till bilaga XII (”Offentlig upphandling”) till avtalet.
 Underavsnitt 2 i avsnitt A i tillägg 1 till bilaga XII (”Offentlig upphandling”) till avtalet innehåller en förteckning över Colombias enheter under central statlig nivå som omfattas av åtagandena vad gäller offentlig upphandling.
 Colombia föreslår att underavsnitt 2 i avsnitt A i tillägg 1 till bilaga XII (”Offentlig upphandling”) till avtalet ska ändras genom att det läggs till en anmärkning i vilken det specificeras att ”upphandlande enheter” omfattar alla upphandlande enheter under central statlig nivå som inte har en industriell eller kommersiell karaktär.
 Företrädarna för parterna är eniga om att en sådan ändring inte skulle kräva några kompenserande justeringar i enlighet med artikel 191.2 a, eftersom den inte innebär en minskning av omfattningen.
 2.Bakgrund till förslaget
 2.1.Handelsavtalet
 Handelsavtalet syftar till att öppna marknader på båda sidor och till att skapa mer stabilitet i handelsförbindelserna.
 Ett av handelsavtalets viktigaste mål är att faktiskt och ömsesidigt öppna parternas marknader för offentlig upphandling. Bestämmelserna i handelsavtalets avdelning VI om offentlig upphandling har två syften, nämligen att fastställa regler för offentlig upphandling som ska säkerställa att upphandlingskontrakt ingås på ett öppet, effektivt och icke-diskriminerande sätt och att ömsesidigt öppna parternas marknader för anbudsgivare, varor och tjänster från den andra parten. EU och Colombia har således bilateralt förhandlat fram ett ömsesidigt tillträde till de av varandras offentliga upphandlingar som omfattas av tillämpningsområdet för kapitlet om offentlig upphandling. Tillämpningsområdet för kapitlet om offentlig upphandling avgör på vilka enskilda upphandlingar de framförhandlade procedurreglerna och materiella reglerna är tillämpliga.
 Sedan handelsavtalet började tillämpas provisoriskt
 2
 har det framgått att företag från EU nekats marknadstillträde när det gäller Colombias upphandlande enheter under central statlig nivå. Parterna enades om att Colombia skulle ändra sitt marknadstillträde vad gäller enheter under central nivå och klargjorde att detta inte skulle kräva några kompenserande justeringar.
 Avtalet tillämpas provisoriskt sedan den 1 mars 2013 för Perus del och sedan den 1 augusti 2013 för Colombias del. Den 1 januari 2017 anslöt sig Ecuador till avtalet
 3
 . Eftersom det följer av artikel 14.3 i handelsavtalet att det beslut som ska antas av EU-parten och Colombia endast har verkan mellan dessa parter kan detta beslut fattas bilateralt av EU-parten och Colombia.
 2.2.Handelskommittén
 Den handelskommitté som inrättas genom artikel 12 i avtalet ska granska och underlätta genomförandet av detta avtal och en korrekt tillämpning av dess bestämmelser; utvärdera resultaten av tillämpningen av detta avtal, i synnerhet utvecklingen av handelsförbindelserna och de ekonomiska förbindelserna mellan parterna, övervaka arbetet i samtliga specialiserade organ som inrättas enligt detta avtal och rekommendera eventuella åtgärder, utvärdera och fatta beslut i frågor som hänskjuts till kommittén av de specialiserade organen, och anta sin egen arbetsordning, sitt mötesschema och dagordningen för sina möten. Handelskommittén ska anta sina beslut med enhällighet. De beslut som handelskommittén fattar ska vara bindande för parterna, som ska vidta alla nödvändiga åtgärder för att genomföra dem. I de fall som avses i artikel 12.4 i avtalet ska alla beslut antas av EU-parten och det berörda avtalsslutande andinska landet och endast ha verkan mellan dessa parter, förutsatt att besluten inte påverkar ett annat avtalsslutande lands rättigheter och skyldigheter (artikel 14.3).
 2.3.Handelskommitténs planerade rättsakt
 Det är meningen att handelskommittén vid sitt fjärde möte den 24 november 2017 ska anta ett beslut om ändring av tillämpningsområdet för kapitlet om offentlig upphandling för Colombias del, dvs. en ändring av underavsnitt 2 i avsnitt A i tillägg 1 till bilaga XII (”Offentlig upphandling”) till avtalet (nedan kallat den planerade rättsakten).
 Syftet med den föreslagna rättsakten är att ändra underavsnitt 2 i avsnitt A i tillägg 1 till bilaga XII (”Offentlig upphandling”) till avtalet, vilket innehåller en förteckning över de av Colombias enheter under central statlig nivå vars upphandling omfattas av avdelning VI. Den ändring som Colombia föreslår innebär att det läggs till en ytterligare anmärkning till underavsnitt 2 i vilken det specificeras att ”upphandlande enheter” omfattar alla upphandlande offentliga enheter under central statlig nivå som inte har en industriell eller kommersiell karaktär.
 Den planerade rättsakten ska vara bindande för parterna i enlighet med artikel 14.2 i avtalet där det anges att ”[d]e beslut som handelskommittén fattar ska vara bindande för parterna, som ska vidta alla nödvändiga åtgärder för att genomföra dem”.
 3.Den ståndpunkt som ska intas på unionens vägnar
 Rådet uppmanas att anta den ståndpunkt som ska intas på Europeiska unionens vägnar beträffande ett utkast till beslut av handelskommittén Europeiska unionen–Colombia–Peru om ändring av underavsnitt 2 i avsnitt A i tillägg 1 till bilaga XII (”Offentlig upphandling”) till avtalet som specificerar vilka enheter under central statlig nivå som omfattas av avdelning VI. Den ståndpunkt som ska intas på Europeiska unionens vägnar beträffande den föreslagna ändringen ska vara den som anges i det utkast till beslut av handelskommittén som är bifogat detta beslut.
 Ändringen i fråga har till syfte att lägga till en anmärkning i underavsnitt 2 om tillämpningsområdet för offentlig upphandling för Colombias del i vilken det specificeras att ”upphandlande enheter” omfattar alla upphandlande offentliga enheter under central statlig nivå som inte har en industriell eller kommersiell karaktär.
 Denna ändring förklaras av att EU och Colombia tolkar tillämpningsområdet för offentlig upphandling på nivån under central statlig nivå för Colombias del på olika sätt, vilket lett till att Colombia vägrat ge företag från EU tillträde till upphandlingar som gjorts av ekonomiskt viktiga enheter under central statlig nivå. Ändringen innebär ett klargörande av vilka upphandlande enheter under central statlig nivå i Colombia som omfattas och att enheter såsom till exempel Instituto de Desarrollo Urbano (IDU) som ansvarar för utvecklingen av Bogotas infrastruktur tas med i förteckningen.
 Genom artikel 191 (”Ändringar och rättelser av omfattningen”) i avtalet ges möjlighet till att ändra tillämpningsområdet för avdelning VI om offentlig upphandling. Handelskommittén har i enlighet med artikel 191.4 befogenhet att komma överens om alla av parterna föreslagna ändringar av den berörda bilagan, dvs. bilaga XII (”Offentlig upphandling”) till avtalet.
 Med hänsyn till att beslutet endast har verkan mellan Europeiska unionen och Colombia kan det fattas i handelskommittén av Europeiska unionen och Colombia, eftersom det uteslutande avser de bilaterala förbindelserna dem emellan (se artikel 14.3 i avtalet).
 Förslaget avser ett område där Europeiska unionen har exklusiv befogenhet. Subsidiaritetsprincipen är därför inte tillämplig.
 4.Rättslig grund
 4.1.Processuell rättslig grund
 4.1.1.Principer
 I artikel 218.9 i fördraget om Europeiska unionens funktionssätt (nedan kallat EUF-fördraget) föreskrivs att det ska antas ett beslut ”om fastställande av vilka ståndpunkter som på unionens vägnar ska intas i ett organ som inrättas genom ett avtal, om detta organ ska anta akter med rättslig verkan, med undantag av sådana akter som kompletterar eller ändrar avtalets institutionella ram”.
 4.1.2.Tillämpning i det aktuella fallet
 Handelskommittén är ett organ som inrättats genom ett avtal, dvs. handelsavtalet mellan Europeiska unionen och dess medlemsstater, å ena sidan, och Colombia och Peru, å andra sidan.
 Det beslut som handelskommittén uppmanas att anta är en rättsakt som har bindande rättsverkningar (se artikel 14.2 i handelsavtalet). Den planerade rättsakten varken kompletterar eller ändrar avtalets institutionella ram.
 Den processuella rättsliga grunden för det föreslagna beslutet är därför artikel 218.9 i EUF-fördraget.
 4.2.Materiell rättslig grund
 4.2.1.Principer
 Den materiella rättsliga grunden för ett beslut enligt artikel 218.9 i EUF-fördraget är främst beroende av syftet med och innehållet i den planerade akt avseende vilken en ståndpunkt intas på unionens vägnar.
 4.2.2.Tillämpning i det aktuella fallet
 Det huvudsakliga syftet med och innehållet i den planerade rättsakten, dvs. att utvidga tillämpningsområdet för offentlig upphandling enligt avdelning VI, faller inom ramen för den gemensamma handelspolitiken.
 Den materiella rättsliga grunden för det föreslagna beslutet är därför artikel 207 i EUF-fördraget, särskilt punkt 4 i denna artikel.
 4.3.Slutsats
 Den rättsliga grunden för förslaget till beslut bör vara artikel 207.4 i EUF-fördraget jämförd med artikel 218.9 i EUF-fördraget.
 2017/0257 (NLE)
 Förslag till
 RÅDETS BESLUT
 om den ståndpunkt som ska intas på Europeiska unionens vägnar i handelskommittén beträffande ändringen av bilaga XII till handelsavtalet mellan Europeiska unionen och dess medlemsstater, å ena sidan, och Colombia och Peru, å andra sidan, som innehåller en förteckning över Colombias upphandlande enheter i enlighet med bestämmelserna i avdelning VI (”Offentlig upphandling”)
 EUROPEISKA UNIONENS RÅD HAR ANTAGIT DETTA BESLUT
 med beaktande av fördraget om Europeiska unionens funktionssätt, särskilt artikel 207.4 första stycket jämfört med artikel 218.9,
 med beaktande av Europeiska kommissionens förslag, och
 av följande skäl:
 (1)Handelsavtalet mellan Europeiska unionen och dess medlemsstater, å ena sidan, och Colombia och Peru, å andra sidan, (nedan kallat handelsavtalet) tillämpas provisoriskt för Colombia sedan den 1 augusti 2013
 4
 .
 (2)Enligt artikel 14.1 och 14.3 i handelsavtalet får handselskommittén fatta beslut med enhällighet som rör endast EU-parten och det berörda avtalsslutande andinska landet (dvs. Colombia), förutsatt att besluten inte påverkar ett annat avtalsslutande andinskt lands rättigheter och skyldigheter.
 (3)Det är meningen att handelskommittén vid sitt fjärde möte den 24 november 2017 ska anta ett beslut i syfte att komma överens om ändringen av underavsnitt 2 i avsnitt A i tillägg 1 till bilaga XII (”Offentlig upphandling”). Ändringen utgörs av ett klargörande av tillämpningsområdet för offentlig upphandling vad gäller enheter under central statlig nivå i Colombia. Ändringen innebär att en anmärkning läggs till i underavsnitt 2 om tillämpningsområdet för offentlig upphandling för Colombias del, i vilken det specificeras att ”upphandlande enheter” omfattar alla upphandlande offentliga enheter under central statlig nivå som inte har en industriell eller kommersiell karaktär. EU och Colombia är överens om att en sådan ändring inte kräver några kompenserande justeringar.
 (4)Det är lämpligt att fastställa den ståndpunkt som ska intas på unionens vägnar i handelskommittén, eftersom beslutet kommer att vara bindande för unionen.
 (5)Eftersom handelskommitténs beslut kommer att ändra bilaga XII till avtalet bör det efter antagandet offentliggöras i Europeiska unionens officiella tidning.
 (6)I handelskommittén ska unionen företrädas av kommissionen i enlighet med artikel 17.1 i fördraget om Europeiska unionen.
 HÄRIGENOM FÖRESKRIVS FÖLJANDE.
 Artikel 1
 Den ståndpunkt som ska intas på unionens vägnar vid handelskommitténs fjärde möte den 24 november 2017 ska grundas på det utkast till beslut av handelskommittén som åtföljer det här beslutet.
 Artikel 2
 Handelskommitténs beslut ska efter antagandet offentliggöras i Europeiska unionens officiella tidning.
 Artikel 3
 Detta beslut riktar sig till kommissionen.
 Utfärdat i Bryssel den
 På rådets vägnar
 Ordförande
 (1)
 EUT L 354, 21.12.2012, s. 3.
 (2)
 EUT L 56, 28.2.2013, s. 1.
 (3)
 EUT L 356, 24.12.2016, s. 3.
 (4)
 Rådets beslut 2012/735/EU av den 31 maj 2012 om undertecknande på unionens vägnar och om provisorisk tillämpning av handelsavtalet mellan Europeiska unionen och dess medlemsstater, å ena sidan, och Colombia och Peru, å andra sidan (EUT L 354, 21.12.2012, s. 3).
 ---documentbreak---
 EUROPEISKA KOMMISSIONEN
 Bryssel den 9.10.2017
 COM(2017) 584 final
 BILAGA
 till
 förslag till rådets beslut
 om den ståndpunkt som ska intas på Europeiska unionens vägnar i handelskommittén beträffande ändringen av bilaga XII till handelsavtalet mellan Europeiska unionen och dess medlemsstater, å ena sidan, och Colombia och Peru, å andra sidan, som innehåller en förteckning över Colombias upphandlande enheter i enlighet med bestämmelserna i avdelning VI (”Offentlig upphandling”)
 TILLÄGG
 BESLUT nr [...]/2017 AV HANDELSKOMMITTÉN EU–COLOMBIA–PERU
 av den [...] 2017
 om ändring av tillägg 1 till bilaga XII (”Offentlig upphandling”) till handelsavtalet mellan Europeiska unionen och dess medlemsstater, å ena sidan, och Colombia och Peru, å andra sidan
 HANDELSKOMMITTÉN HAR ANTAGIT DETTA BESLUT
 med beaktande av handelsavtalet mellan Europeiska unionen (nedan kallad unionen) och dess medlemsstater, å ena sidan, och Colombia och Peru, å andra sidan, (nedan kallat handelsavtalet), särskilt artikel 191, och
 av följande skäl:
 1)I artikel 191 i handelsavtalet fastställs de förfaranden varigenom en part kan ändra eller rätta omfattningen av upphandling enligt avdelning VI i avtalet.
 2)I underavsnitt 2 i avsnitt A i tillägg 1 till bilaga XII (”Offentlig upphandling”) till handelsavtalet specificeras de enheter under central statlig nivå i Colombia vars upphandling omfattas av avdelning VI.
 3)Efter ett utbyte mellan unionen och Colombia om tillämpningen av handelsavtalet meddelade Colombia unionen att landet hade för avsikt att lägga till en anmärkning till underavsnitt 2 i vilken det specificeras att ”upphandlande enheter” omfattar alla upphandlande offentliga enheter under central statlig nivå som inte har en industriell eller kommersiell karaktär. Unionen och Colombia är överens om att en sådan ändring inte kräver några kompenserande justeringar.
 4)För att denna anmärkning ska kunna införas krävs det att underavsnitt 2 i avsnitt A i tillägg 1 till bilaga XII till handelsavtalet ändras. Enligt artikel 14.3 i handelsavtalet kan beslutet om ändring av bilagan fattas av Europeiska unionen och Colombia (det berörda avtalsslutande andinska landet) i den handelskommitté som inrättats enligt avtalet, eftersom det uteslutande avser de bilaterala förbindelserna dem emellan.
 HÄRIGENOM FÖRESKRIVS FÖLJANDE.
 Artikel 1
 Anmärkningarna till underavsnitt 2 i avsnitt A i tillägg 1 till bilaga XII (”Offentlig upphandling”) till handelsavtalet ska ersättas med följande:
 ”Anmärkningar till detta underavsnitt
 1.Vid tillämpningen av detta underavsnitt avses med ”upphandlande enheter” alla upphandlande offentliga enheter under central statlig nivå som inte har en industriell eller kommersiell karaktär.
 2.Avdelning VI i detta avtal omfattar inte
 a)upphandling av livsmedel, råmaterial/insatsvaror för jordbruket och levande djur i samband med program för jordbruksstöd och livsmedelsbistånd, och
 b)upphandling av varor enligt avdelning 2 (livsmedel, dryckesvaror och tobak; textilvaror, kläder och lädervaror) i CPC, version 1.0, avseende program för socialt bistånd.”
 Artikel 2
 Den ändring som fastställs i artikel 1 ska inte medföra några kompenserande justeringar, eftersom den inte innebär en minskning av omfattningen.
 Artikel 3
 Detta beslut träder i kraft samma dag som det antas.
 Utfärdat i [...] den [...] 2017
 För handelskommittén


type: caselaw

jurisdiction: US

text:
Elmer C. Williams and Edith L. Williams, two of the appellants, were owners of a tract of land located in or immediately adjoining the City of Salisbury, Wicomico County, Maryland, which they had platted and were holding for sale in lots. Appellee, desiring to purchase 3.809 acres of the land "for the purpose of additional side tracks, delivery sidings, freight station and additional facilities for receiving and delivering freight in said town of Salisbury," and being unable to reach an agreement as to price with the owners, instituted condemnation proceedings. In the early stage of the pleadings, in the answer filed by Elmer C. Williams, it was alleged that "a part of said land has heretofore been sold, * * * the purchaser of said land being Harry A. Wilson," and on a supplemental petition, he was made a party defendant by order of court, and in the course of the trial the following agreement of counsel was filed:
 "It is agreed by the parties hereto that from the total amount of damage which the jury shall find is sustained by the defendants by reason of the taking of the property sought to be condemned in this case, there shall be awarded to Harry A. Wilson such sum, if any, as the jury may find he is entitled to and all the balance of said total damage shall be awarded to Edith L. and Elmer C. Williams, jointly, and it is agreed that the petitioner shall be permitted to retain so much of the amount allowed Elmer C. and Edith L. Williams as may be necessary to pay and have released the mortgage of Edmund H. Derrickson, for seventeen hundred dollars with interest from September *Page 105
 8, 1926, and the mortgage of Sallie W. Martindale for six hundred dollars with interest from June 15, 1926.
 "Attorneys for Petitioner, "Miles Myers, "Levin C. Bailey, "Attorneys for Defendant, "Ellegood, Freeny Wales, "Benj. A. Johnson."
 The case was tried by the court and a jury in the Circuit Court for Wicomico County. The finding of the jury is shown by the statement of the trial judge, contained in the twentieth bill of exception:
 "After argument by counsel, the jury retired to consider their verdict, and later returned to the court room and rendered their verdict to the court, announcing that they found for the plaintiff as to the right to condemn and assessed the damages of Elmer C. Williams and Edith L. Williams, defendants, at $8618, and assessed the damages of Harry A. Wilson, defendant, as $1,400. The verdict was recorded, the jury dismissed, and court adjourned.
 "Within a few minutes it was reported to the court that the jury intended that the $1,400 for Harry A. Wilson should be taken out of and deducted from the $8618 awarded to Elmer C. Williams and Edith L. Williams. The court was immediately reconvened and the sheriff directed by the court to have the jurors return to the jury box.
 "As the jurors went out of the court room, they were given by the clerk an order for their pay on the county treasurer, whose office was down the steps from the court room, and they went to the county treasurer's office to get a check for their order. It was there that eight or nine of them were found still together and were directed to return to the court. Three or four of the jurors had gotten out of the courthouse, and it was around twenty minutes before they were all gotten together again. The defendants, through their counsel, *Page 106
 objected to the action of the court in having the jury reassemble.
 "The jurors were informed by the court that it had been brought to the court's attention that the verdict as taken by the clerk was not perhaps as they intended it should be. The clerk was instructed to call over the jury and again take the verdict. Again the jury returned their verdict for the plaintiff as to the right to condemn, and assessed the damages of the defendants Elmer C. Williams and Edith L. Williams at $8618, and assessed the damages of the defendant Harry A. Wilson at $1400, and stopped. They were asked if that was their full verdict. After some apparent talk among the jurors to themselves, the foreman announced that the $1400 assessed in favor of Harry A. Wilson was to be deducted from the $8618 assessed in favor of Elmer C. Williams and Edith L. Williams.
 "The jurors thereupon were informed that the court preferred them to make their own calculations and to render their verdict for the exact amounts the different defendants were to get without any deductions.
 "The jurors retired to their jury room and therefrom they returned to the jury box and rendered their verdict in favor of the petitioner upon the right to condemn, and assessed the damages of the defendants Elmer C. Williams and Edith L. Williams at $7218 and assessed the damages of the defendant Harry A. Wilson at $1400.
 "Under the direction of the court, the jurors were each asked by the clerk if the verdict as then and there rendered was the verdict upon which they had agreed before leaving the jury box in the first instance, and to the clerk's inquiry each juror answered separately for himself that it was.
 "To the action of the court in reconvening the court, reassembling the jurors and permitting them to correct their verdict, as above set forth, the defendants excepted and pray the court to sign and seal this *Page 107
 their twentieth bill of exceptions, which is accordingly done this 7th day of January, 1927.
 "(Signed) Joseph L. Bailey. (Seal)."
 The action of the court in reassembling the jury and permitting them to correct their verdict, in the circumstances above set out, was, in our opinion, reversible error. This conclusion is unavoidable if we are to adhere to the rule announced by this Court in Gaither v. Wilmer, 71 Md. 361, in an opinion filed by Judge Miller, in which earlier decisions of this Court are reviewed. That case remains unaffected by any subsequent decision, and we have no inclination to modify it. Its reasoning is, in our opinion, unanswerable. Harris v. Hipsley,122 Md. 418, cited by appellees, is not in conflict, but expressly recognizes the principle announced in the earlier case.
 There is a suggestion by appellees that the verdict as originally rendered by the jury does not appear by the docket entries to have been recorded; but the trial judge distinctly states in the bill of exception that it was, which is conclusive of the matter on the record before us.
 We do not think the point is well taken by appellee that the action of the court cannot be reviewed because there was not a motion in arrest of judgment; and that contention is not supported by Thillman v. Neal, 88 Md. 525, or Poe's Pleading,
 secs. 750, 757, cited by appellees. There was a motion in arrest of judgment in Gaither v. Wilmer, supra, but there the verdict as rendered was defective, while here the original verdict was not defective. Appellants were not objecting in this exception to the entry of a judgment but to a defective verdict. Their exception is to the ruling of the court permitting a verdict, duly rendered and recorded, to be stricken out. It is not a case of a defect in the verdict, which Mr. Poe says may be taken advantage of by a motion in arrest of judgment, or of an omission in the course of the proceedings, dealt with in Thillman v.Neal, supra. Appellants were entitled, if other exceptions were abandoned or disallowed, to have this Court decide whether judgment should be entered *Page 108
 on the verdict as originally rendered, which right would have been lost by a motion in arrest of judgment, and an exception based on the refusal to grant that motion.
 There are nineteen exceptions to rulings on evidence. The first and second were to the refusal to permit a witness on cross-examination to testify as to the price received and paid for two parcels of land. The first was a mile or more from the condemned land and the location of the other is not clear. There was no error on the first ruling, and we are unable to say there was any in the second.
 There is no doubt about the rule that, in an investigation as to the market value of land, the price realized from voluntary sales of similar land in the vicinity within a reasonable time may be proved either in direct or cross-examination of witnesses conversant with the facts. But in regard to the degree of similarity which must exist and the nearness in respect of time and place, no general rules are laid down, and as the trial court is usually conversant with such matters, they must be left largely to his discretion. Pattison v. Baltimore, 127 Md. at p. 241.
 The third exception is not pressed. We find no error in the ruling to which it relates.
 The fourth is to permitting a witness to testify what one of the appellants paid him for a one sixth interest in seventy lots. The objection urged is that the amount paid for a sixth interest is not fairly indicative of the value of the whole. No error. It is a question of weight and not of competency.
 The fifth and the sixth relate to the refusal to permit Elmer C. Williams, one of the defendants, to give his opinion as to the effect of the use of the property condemned for the purposes of the railroad company would have upon defendant's property in the Waverly development on the west side of Jackson Street, opposite the strip from which the condemned property is taken. It is contended by appellee that this testimony was properly excluded, (a) because witness was not shown to have sufficient acquaintance with the subject-matter of the inquiry to qualify him to express an opinion; (b) because the land to which the inquiries are *Page 109
 directed is in no way a part or parcel of the land from which the condemned land is taken. As to the first reason, the witness is a party in interest and was thoroughly familiar with the development and sales of property in that neighborhood; as to the second, the land on each side of Jackson Street appears to be a part of one unit of development. Jackson Street appears to be, like other streets and avenues laid out on the plat, merely a paper street. It is a suburban property, of which very few lots have been sold, and distances which might seem great in built up sections would not be so great when considered in reference to open spaces. The progress of the development of more distant portions of the unit might be greatly impeded by anything that affected the nearby portions. We think the rule stated in Lewison Eminent Domain, sec. 473, cited with approval in Ridgely v.Baltimore, 119 Md. 581, that "a statute which provides for an assessment of the value of the land taken will be held to include damages to the remainder as well," applies here.
 This is not in conflict with anything that was decided inMarchant v. Baltimore, 146 Md. 513, cited by appellee. In that case this Court said there was no reversible error in refusing to direct that the jury be shown the property owned by defendants on the west side of Hanover Street, when the property condemned was on the east side, because "it does not appear that there were any common or related uses to which the two areas were subjected. No proffer was made to show that the value of the defendants' land to the west of the street would be diminished by the city's appropriation of the property now in litigation. * * * In the absence of anything in the record to indicate that any impairment of the value or utility of the defendants' land west of Hanover Street would result from the condemnation of the separated and independently used property which is sought to be acquired in this proceeding," the Court refused to vacate the inquisition for the reason assigned. *Page 110
 Here it is a question of weight and not of competency of the testimony offered. It might have been of much or little value, and the proposed uses of the property to be taken may have been advantageous or disadvantageous to the remaining property. These were questions for the jury, and we think the excluded testimony should have been admitted for what it was worth.
 The eighteenth and nineteenth are covered by what we have said of the fifth and sixth, except that the witness was not interested in the property. We think, however, he qualified, and should have been permitted to answer the questions propounded.
 We find no error in the ruling involved in the seventeenth exception. The testimony excluded was of an abstract character, having no particular reference to the subject-matter of the inquiry, and was in regard to a matter about which the jury was probably as well informed as the witness. The seventh was not pressed and we find no error in the ruling therein complained of.
 The eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh, twelfth, thirteenth, fourteenth, fifteenth and sixteenth exceptions were to the exclusion of testimony of Harry A. Wilson, one of the defendants, in regard to a recent sale to him of a portion of the land sought to be condemned, and the price agreed to be paid by him, and his payments on account of the purchase money. There was reversible error in these rulings. It was said in Baltimore v. Smith,80 Md. 458. "We think, therefore, that the prices realized at sales of the land in question and of similar land in its vicinity, made within a reasonable period of time theretofore, being voluntary and not forced sales, are admissible in evidence, either on direct or cross-examination of witnesses conversant with the facts." There is nothing in the record to indicate that this sale was not made in good faith; and if it was, there could not well be more relevant testimony as to the value of the property.
 It is argued by appellee that no harm was done because, after all, what was offered for the property by the buyer and *Page 111
 accepted by the owner, simply reflected their opinion of its value, and that this they gave as witnesses. But that is not a satisfactory answer. What one actually pays for property is for a jury much more impressive evidence of his belief as to its worth, than would be any opinion not involving the risk of one's own money.
 For the errors above indicated the judgment must be reversed.
 Judgment reversed, and new trial awarded, with costs toappellants.