text:
A. Vijūkas-Kojalavičius
 Simonas Daukantas. "Darbai senųjų lietuvių ir žemaičių"
 St. Tarvydas. "indoeuropiečiai"
 Česlovas Gedgaudas. "Mūsų praeities beieškant"
 Baltų archyvai
 Senieji Lietuvos dievai, apeigos ir laikmečiai
 Pramatai arba įžvalgos apie baltų kalbą
 Politika - Lietuva šiandien
 Linksmai apie Lietuvos istoriją
 Apie Algirdą Gustaitį Knygų sąrašas
 LDK raštai
 Mitai - graikų, keltų
 Genealogija-kilmė
 Viduramžių knygos
 Čia gali būti jūsų firmos reklama
 Aštuoniomis kalbomis apie LietuvąIn eight languages regarding Lithuania
 Potsdamas ir Lietuva dega Potsdam and Lithuania are burning
 � Kuriant tobulą Europos žemėlapį. (Leidėjų žodis).
 Ilgametė okupacija ar genocidas neįteisina pavergėjo
 � Įvadas
 � VLIKo nutarimai lietuvių ir anglų kalbomis
 � Trumpai apie lietuvių gentis Baltijos jūros pakraščiuose
 Iš C. R. Jurgėlos knygos Lithuania: The
 Per Jungtinių Tautų organizaciją stengtasi sustabdyti Sovietų Sąjungos okupaciją. Buvusio Lietuvos respublikos prezidento Kazio Griniaus laiškas.
 � Kai kurie valstybių vadovų raštai. Iš B. J. Kaslo The USSR-German Aggression against Lithuania
 � Neteisybė Potsdam'e
 Kada paaiškės Potsdam'o konferencijos paslaptis?
 � An open letter to Mr. Harry S. Truman. Atsakymas
 Department of State laiškas
 � Iš J. Epštein Operation Keelhaul
 � Potsdam'o konferencijos, Prūsijos ir Lietuvos reikalu laiškai aštuoniomis kalbomis
 Lietuvos Generalinio konsulo dr. J. J. Bielskio laiškas
 � Lenkų sveikinimas
 Buvusi Prūsija perkirsta Potsdam'o linija. Žemėlapis
 � Siektinos Lietuvos žemėlapis
 Iš buvusio JAV prezidento H. S. Truman'o raštų
 � Iš buvusio JAV prezidento R. Nixon'o raštų
 � V. K. Vakario straipsnis
 � B. Žilėno straipsnis
 � Vardynas
 Sudarytojai ir leidėjai
 Aniceta ir Pranas Sabaliauskai also: Songs : Interview : Album
 � Kuriant tobulą Europos žemėlapį � Sugrįžti į pradžią
 Penkiasdešimt sovietinės okupacijos metų Lietuvos žmonėms neleido išgirsti tiesos apie tautos teisinę padėtį pasaulio tautų bendrijoje. Buvo skelbiama, jog Lietuva tikrąją nepriklausomybę ir teritorinį vientisumą atgavo tik atkūrus tarybų valdžią �nenugalimos �Raudonosios armijos dėka, Lietuvai �savanoriškai" įsijungus į Tarybų Sąjungos sudėtį. Esą dabar nebeliko jokių teritorinių problemų, nes Tarybų Sąjungoje broliškų respublikų - �sesių" teritorijų sienos esančios simbolinės kaip tarp tam tikrų administracinių vienetų. Tai labai gerai, nes niekas netrukdo tautoms bendrauti ir ateityje visiškai �susilieti".
 Štai tokioje situacijoje gyvenant Lietuvos žmonės nežinojo tiesos apie savo tėvynės teisinę padėtį, negirdėjo apie Jaltos, Teherano ir, jau pokarinės �Potsdamo" konferencijų rezultatus. Reikia pažymėti, kad ši paskutinė (Potsdamo) turėjo lemiamą reikšmę Lietuvos likimui po Antrojo Pasaulinio karo.
 Minėtoje konferencijoje kaip tik buvo spręstas klausimas dėl Prūsijos teritorijos perdavimo SSSR ir Lenkijai laikinai administruoti.
 Ši skriauda lietuvių tautai dar neatitaisyta, nors yra dokumentas apie krašto prisijungimą prie Lietuvos.
 1918 metų lapkričio 16 dieną Tilžėje įsikūrė Mažosios Lietuvos arba Prūsų Lietuvos Tautinė Taryba, kurios nariai lapkričio 30 d. pasirašė de-klaraciją-aktą.
 Tai padarė Mažąją Lietuvą ne etnografine-administracine, o politine sąvoka. (Šio Akto kopija pridedama po leidėjų žodžio.)
 Rytų ir Pietų Lietuvos sienos, einančios etnografinėmis lietuvių tautos žemėmis, yra apspręstos 1920 m. liepos 12 d. Lietuvos Respublikos ir Sovietų Rusijos taikos sutartimi, kuri iki šiol dar nepilnai įgyvendinta.
 Prūsija, ne tik okupuota, bet Rusijos dar ir aneksuota: visi to krašto tikrieji gyventojai prūsai ir lietuvininkai arba sunaikinti, arba pabėgę nuo bolševikinio teroro ir genocido ir negali grįžti į savo protėvių žemę
 Apie tai šis leidinys.
 Jo autorius Algirdas Gustaitis viską padarė, kad lietuvių tauta sužinotų jai padarytą skriaudą ir, remdamasi Potsdamo konferencijos nutarimu, reikalautų jai priklausančių teritorijų sugrąžinimo. Manome, kad rašytojas šiuo savo leidiniu įtikinančiai tai įrodo.
 1918 m. vasario 16 d. Vilniuje pasirašytas Lietuvos Nepriklausomybės Aktas 1990 m. kovo 11 d. atkurtas. Tų pačių metų lapkričio 30 d. Tilžėje Mažosios Lietuvos Tautos Tarybos pasirašytas Aktas, - dar ne.
 Šio tikslo jau penketą dešimtmečių siekia Čikagoje susibūręs Prūsijos krašto palikuonių Mažosios Lietuvos rezistencinis Sąjūdis, visi dar iki šiol okupuoti, ir nepriklausomos Lietuvos žmonės.
 Leidėjai nuoširdžiai dėkoja tautiečiams iš Los Andželo, Mažosios Lietuvos kraštotyros draugijos pirmininkui K. Budginui, Valstybinio Klaipėdos jūrų prekybos uosto generaliniam ir technikos direktoriams M. Eidukevičiui ir P. Stulgai, Lietuvos jūrų laivininkystės ekonomikos direktoriui P. Krilavičiui ir techninio departamento inžinieriui K. Gim-bučiui, spaustuvės "Rytas" generaliniam direktoriui A. Skyriui ir direktorei gamybai E. Blyžienei bei visiems kitiems materialiai ir moraliai rėmusiems šio Lietuvai aktualaus leidinio išleidimą.
 Rašytojas AlgirdasGustaitis honorarą skiria leidinio išplatinimui pasaulyje. Mes taip pat.
 Mažosios Lietuvos Tautinės Tarybos AKTAS Atsižvelgdami į tai, kad viskas, kas yra, turi teisę gyvuoti, ir į tai, kad mes Lietuviai čionai Prūsų Lietuvoj gyvenantieji sudarome šito krašto gyventojų dauguomenę, reikalaujame mes, rem-damies ant Vilsono Tautų paties apsisprendimo teisės, priglaudimą Mažosios Lietuvos prie D i d ž i o s i o s Lietuvos. Visi savo parašu šitą pareiškimą priimantieji pasižada, visas savo jėgas už įvykdinimą minėtojo siekio pašvęsti.
 � Ilgametė okupacija ar genocidas neįteisina pavergėjo � Sugrįžti į pradžią
 Lietuvos likimas priklauso nuo lietuvių tautos
 The long-lived occupation or genocide does not legalize
 The fate of Lithuania depends on the Lithuanian nation
 Mažosios Lietuvos Tautinės Tarybos Akto signatarų pavardžių šifruotė:
 JONAS VANAGAITIS, VIKTORAS GAILIUS, MARTYNAS JANKUS, MIKELIS DEIVIKAS, MIKAS BANAITIS, A. SMALAKYS, KRISTUPAS PAURA, MIKELIS LYMANTAS, D. KALNISKYS, FR. ZŪBAITIS, KRISTUPAS KIUPELIS, JAGOMASTAS, JURGIS ARNAŠIUS, JURGIS LĖBARTAS, L. DEIVIKAS, JONAS UZPURVIS, JURGIS GRO-NAVAS, MIKELIS MAČIULIS, E. BENDIKAS, M. REIDYS, V. DIDŽYS, J. JUŠKA, M. KLECKUS ir JURGIS MARGYS. � Įvadas � Sugrįžti į pradžią
 Prūsai yra lietuvių tautos gentis, daug šimtmečių gyvenusi prie Baltijos jūros tarp Nemuno ir Vyslos upių. Bendrine sąvoka - - buvusi Prūsija (Rytprūsiai) ilgametėje Vokietijos okupacijoje.
 Šimtmečiais lietuviams nepavyko prūsų prijungti prie Lietuvos. Tuoj po Antrojo Pasaulinio karo vėl nebuvo išnaudota tokia galimybė.
 Lietuvių tauta, keletą dešimtmečių Sovietų Sąjungos okupuota, buvo visokeriopai klaidinama, bauginama, niekinama, jai buvo grasinama nesiekti daugiau, negu Sovietų Sąjunga pameta.
 1990 m. kovo mėnesio 11 dieną Lietuva pasiskelbė iš naujo atstatanti Nepriklausomybę. Po to subyrėjo Sovietų Sąjunga. Ištisa eilė Sovietų Sąjungos okupuotų tautų ir valstybių atgavo nepriklausomybę. Sovietų Sąjungos įvykdyti užgrobimai buvo naikinami.
 Sovietų Sąjungos okupuota Prūsijos dalis, jų praminta Kaliningrado sritimi, turi būti pripažinta teritorine Lietuvos dalimi. Iš ten buvę Sovietų Sąjungos kariuomenės daliniai, dabar priklausantieji Rusijai, privalo tuojau atsitraukti iš kur atvežti, taip pat su visais kolonistais.
 Vyriausias Lietuvos Išlaisvinimo Komitetas, užsienyje veikęs Lietuvos vardu, atsikūrus Nepriklausomai Lietuvai, savo veiklos paskutiniame Seime įvykusiame Čikagoje 1991 m. lapkričio mėnesio 1-3 dienomis, priėmė ir paskelbė tokį nutarimą lietuvių ir anglų kalbomis: (žiūr. ELTOS informacijas).
 Suėjo du metai nuo atkurtos Lietuvos Nepriklausomybės, o buvusios prūsų žemės dar neįjungtos į Lietuvą. Talkinant geros valios žmonijai, Lietuvos vyriausybei bus lengviau įgyvendinti reikalingus teritorinius patikslinimus. Buvusias Prūsijos žemes įjungus Lietuvon, būtų pašalintas toje srityje nesantaikų, karinių grūmojimų pagrindas. Tai įvykdytina Europos taikos labui.
 1992 m. kovo mėnesio 11 dieną �
 VLIKo nutarimai lietuvių ir anglų kalbomis � Sugrįžti į pradžią
 VLIKO Informacijos Tarnyba � 1609 Connecticut Avenue, N.W. Suite 400, VVashington, D.C 20009
 Tel.:(202)667-1980 � Fax:(202)232-2620
 1991 m. Nr. 12. (1301)
 Mažoji Lietuva yra lietuvių tautos ir jos gentainių žemė nuo seniausių amžių. Jokia kita tauta ar valstybė neturi pirmumo teisės į jos teritoriją. Baigiantis karui, sąjungininkai pavedė Sovietų Sąjungai laikinai administruoti Mažąją Lietuvą, įskaitant Karaliaučių (Kaliningrado sritį). Sovietų Sąjunga, piktnaudžiaudama pasitikėjimu, išteriojo arba išvarė to krašto gyventojus, sugriovė ūkį, kolonizavo šalį svetimais žmonėmis ir pavertė ją didžiule ir grėsminga militarizmo baze. Todėl VLIKo baigiamųjų darbų seimas kreipiasi į didžiąsias Vakarų valstybes, prašydamas, kad iš Mažosios Lietuvos būtų atitrauktos visos karinės pajėgos ir kad ta šalis būtų sujungta su Lietuva.
 Rytų ir Pietų Lietuvos sienos, einančios etnografinėmis lietuvių tautos žemėmis, yra apspręstos 1920 m. liepos 12 d. Lietuvos Respublikos ir Sovietų Rusijos Taikos sutartimi.
 Seimas skatina visus lietuvius remti pastangas taikiu būdu atstatyti lietuvių tautos teises Rytų, Pietryčių ir Pietų Lietuvoje.
 ELTOS biuleteniai kitomis kalbomis
 (angliškai) 1609 Connecticut Avė. NW
 Suite 400 VVashington, DC 20009, USA
 ELTA BULLETIN LITHUANIEN
 (prancūziškai) 17, avenue de la Tourelle 94100 Parc St. Maur FRANCE
 ELTA-PRESSEDIENST
 (vokiškai)
 Franconvillestr. 16 (Apt. 48)
 6806 Viernheim
 LITHUANIAN INFORMATION BULLETIN
 Sponsored by the Lithuanian National Foundation, Inc.
 1609 Cormecticut Ave. NW. Sufte 400. VVashington. D.C. 20009 Tel. (202) 667-1980
 No. 12 (400) December 1991
 The Future of Lithuania Minor
 Lithuania Minor has.been a land of Lithuanians and kindred peoples since ancient times. No other nation or statė has priority rights to that territory. In the late phase of the war, the Allies put Lithuania Minor, including Karaliaučius (Konigsberg or Kaliningrad), under a temporary Soviet administration. Abusing that trust, the Soviet Union decimated or expelled the inhabitants of that region, destroyed the economy, settled the area with alien colonists, and transformed it into a vast and threatening military base. Therefore, the VLIK Finai Congress calls on the VVestern Great Povvers to work for the withdrawal of all the military forces from Lithuania Minor and for the unification of that land with Lithuania.
 The boundaries of Eastern and Southern Lithuania, vvhich cross the ethnographic Lithuanian lands, have been established by the Peace Treaty betvveen Lithuania and Soviet Russia on July 12, 1920. The Congress urges all Lithuanians to support the peaceful efforts to restore the rights of the Lithuanian nation in Eastern, Southeastern, and Southern Lithuania. �
 Trumpai apie lietuvių gentis Baltijos jūros pakraščiuose � Sugrįžti į pradžią
 Prieš užsimenant apie Potsdam'o konferenciją, manome, verta susipažinti su tos srities trumpa istorine apžvalga. Istorikas dr. C. R. J u r g ė l a knygoje Lithuania: The outpost of f r e e d o m, psl. 319-325, U.S.A., 1976 metais, rašė:
 Gradual Russification was Sniečkus' own choice aš a faithful apparat-chik of the CPSU. When in February 1958 he had warned of the "chances of the annihilation," he had in mind the facts of life in the immediate vicinity of his bailiwick: (1) the totai annihilation of East Prussia; (2) the strenuous forcible cultural genocide of the native Lithuanian population in the areas allocated by Moscow to the Belo-russian SSR; and (3) the purge of the Latvian CP and the rapid pace of the Russian colonization of Latvia under the guise of industrialization and urbanization. Of course, he was also fully aware of the dispersal of the Volga Germans, Crimean Tatars and several smaller nationalities of the Caucasus.
 At least since the Bronze Age, the entire southern and southeastern Baltic littoral between the Gulf of Riga and the Vistula River, probably as far as the Oder River, had been settled by closely related tribes later generally classified into three main groups: the Prussians in the West, Lithuanians in the center, and Latvians in the North. Long before the advent of the Slavs and Teutons, these kindred tribesmen had the Goths and Finnic tribes as their neighbors. According to linguists, the oldest form of their common language was spoken by the Prussians. A Lithu-anian dialect became distinct by the Xth century A.D., and the Latvian dialect broke off from the Lithuanian by the XIIIth century. The Viking raiders had never established their dominion here, even though one trade route to the Byzantium led over the Daugava (Duna-Dvina) River and some Viking armed trading outposts had been established for some time in the area of the Nemunas and the Vistula estuaries. The island of Gothland had been an important mart for peaceful trade with the West.
 The Poles, fairly recent newcomers, made a half-hearted attempt to bring Christianity and enslave the main Prussian-Sudavian areas. When these attempts failed and the Prussians retaliated in kind, a Polish Mazur ruler invited the then homeless Teutonic Order, expelled from the Holy Land, to settle on the Prussian frontier � much to Poles' own regret later. The Teutonic Knights, succored by the Popes, the Holy Roman Empire and hosts of penitent sinners from all over Europe, en-gaged in crusading raids against the "heathens." The Knights rapidly expanded their conquests and within fifty years, by 1280, reached the . Nemunas (Memel-Niemen) River, as their Livonian brethren Knights tried to push southward from the North. The German conquest, however, was stopped in its tracks by the centrally situated Lithuanians who by that time had formed a powerful empire of their own.
 The territory subdued by the Teutons and guarded by a vast system of brick and stone castles, was dubbed "Prussia" � regardless of the linguistic peculiarities of the native subjects. A frontier with Lithuania, by then a Catholic country allied with Poland, was negotiated after the great Lithuanian-Polish victory at Tannenberg (1410), and the line agreed to at the Melno Lake camp in 1422 became a permanent Lithuanian western frontier until 1919.
 When the Teutonic Knights themselves abandoned Catholicism they had supposedly been bringing at the tip of their swords, they adopted the name of their conquered subjects: a vassal Duchy of Prussia was formed in 1525 with its capital at Konigsberg - named the Royal Mount in honor of King Ottokar II of Bohemia who had been crusading here. The Lutheran faith was to be preached in native tongues. Thus three religious booklets were printed in Prussian, and since 1547 a steady stream of books in Lithuanian began rolling off the presses of Konigsberg/Karaliaucius until the XXth century. The area between Memel (Klaipeda in the language of the Lithuanian natives) and close to Konigsberg was called "Lithuania" in the official records and maps of Prussia. The County of Gumbinnen/Gumbine was called Lithuanian County, and the name of "Lithuania Minor" (Klein Litauen) was invented for the area where Lithuanian sermons were preached. Preachers were trained at the University of Konigsberg whose first Rector was Abraham Kulvietis (Culvensis) from Lithuania (as was its last Rector � Dr. Georg Gerullis, a famous Lithuanian linguist and a high Nazi Party official). The Brandenburg-Prussian union became the Kingdom of Prussia in 1701, and as the Hohenzollerns acquired German areas the name of Prussia stretched to the Rhine.
 The Swedish wars waged by three successive rulers of Lithuania and Poland to recover their Vasa dynasty crown of Sweden caused vast devastation in original Prussia, and the Muscovite Tsar Peter's wars against Sweden brought pestilence and plagues to Lithuania and Prussia. Germans -- mainly Saltzburg Protestants, Dutch, Swiss and French Huguenot settlers were brought in to resettle the devastated Lithuanian areas of Prussia. Yet the Lithuanian language survived in most of the parishes and at the University of Konigsberg, until the rule
 of the "Iron Chancellor" Otto von Bismarck of Prussia and later of the German Reich. Then the Germanization drive began in earnest, and the number of natives giving Lithuanian as their mother tongue steadily dwindled. The area colonized in part by Swiss settlers gave birth in the 18th century to Lithuanian lay poetry by the great clergyman-poet Kristijonas Donelaitis, in German called Christian Donalitius, the Lutheran pastor of Tolminkiemis. Prussia was the main base of Lithuanian book and newspaper printing during the 40-year Russian ban on Lithuanian literature in the Latin alphabet (1864-1904).
 The northern sector of "Lithuania Minor" was detached from Germany by the Versailles Peace Treaty of 1919 and became an autonomous "Klaipeda/Memel District" of Lithuania. It was seized by Hitler in March, 1939.
 After the separation of the Klaipeda/Memel area, Germanization efforts were stepped up south of the Nemunas/Memel River, and manifestations of Lithuanian consciousness were forcibly limited, ostracized and stifled. After the advent of Hitler, Lithuanian institutions in East Prussia were shut down, social gatherings were attacked by Nazi "fighters." Several thousand historic Lithuanian place names were replaced in several decrees by German names � in most cases by translating into a German equivalent, viz., Pilkalnis/Pilkallen into Schlossberg.
 In 1939 East Prussia had 2,488,122 inhabitants. During World War II the British and Soviet air raids pulverized Konigsberg in 1944 and destroyed its historic landmarks. The Soviet armies invaded in January, 1945. Masses of people fled, perished or were deported to Russia, other survivors sought shelter and food in Lithuania. At the Potsdam Conference the area of East Prussia was split into two "areas of administration" along the Vyzainis-Braunsberg line just South of Konigsberg. The southern and western areas were entrusted to Polish administration, the area north of that line was entrusted to Soviet occupation and administration. Stalin had argued that this area was ethnically Lithuanian. Indeed, in Konigsberg one could have viewed more Lithuanian names of storekeepers than in Kaunas, except that the owners of these names no longer understood Lithuanian and were German nationalists. The Prussian statistics up to World War I showed roughly 150,000 indicating Lithuanian as their mother tongue, there had been "Lithuanian" regiments of the Prussian royal guard, and an express train named the "Lithuanian."
 The Russians did not wait for a peace conference to confirm their claim to northern East Prussia entrusted to Soviet administration at
 the Potsdam Conference. All the Geneva Conventions, declarations of principles, Four Freedoms, humanitarianism, etc., were ignored by Russians and Poles, while the other "principled" war victors looked the other way. The Russians at once expelled or exiled all the natives. The rubble of Konigsberg was renamed Kaliningrad and the Soviet-occupied area � championed by Stalin as ethnically Lithuanian � became Kaliningradskaia Oblast (April 7, 1946) linked with Leningrad. The surviving natives, including 20,000 Prussian refugees in Lithuania, were shipped to East or West Germany. A massive colonization of the area by Russians and Belorussians followed: the Soviet Census of 1970 showed a population of 732,000 in Kaliningradskaia Oblast, Russian in speech, including 23,400 Lithuanians � said to be returnees from hard labor camps of the Arctic. Only Russian schools and institutions are functioning.
 The seven centuries of German rule had never completely Germanized the area. The Russians accomplished complete Russification within several years. There is no native population. All of the place names received Russian names. Thus Tilze/Tilsit � the center of Lithuanian cultural and publishing activity � became Sovietsk; Gumbine/Gumbinnen, the former seat of the Lithuanian County, became Gusev; the battlesite of Rudava/ Rudau is nowMelnikov; Isrutis/Insterburg became Chernya-khovsk; the famous Krantas/Kranz of the narrow land strip is Zelyono-gradsk; Ragaine/Ragnit - Neman; Pilkalnis/Pilkallen/Schlossberg became Dobrovolsk; Trakenai/Trakehnen, the home of the horse breed of that name, became Yasnaia Polyana, probably to insult the memory of Leo Tolstoy. Tolminkiemis/Tolmingkehmen is either Hlinskoy or Chistyie Prudy. During the observance of the 250th anniversary of birth of the great Lithuanian poet Donelaitis, the USSR issued a memorial postage stamp in honor of this "Soviet" poet, the Lithuanian Lutheran pastor of Tolminkiemis in Prussia. A large delegation of Lithuanian scientists and Party officials went to Tolminkiemis to open a memorial plaque (with Russian and Lithuanian inscriptions) and told the gaping Russian Soviet people of Chistyie Prudy of "your great poet, your hometown."
 In the area entrusted to "Polish Administration," the Poles likewise would not wait for a peace treaty to formalize their compensation for territories "in Eastern Poland" lost to the USSR. All place names were Polonized, natives for the most part were expelled to Germany except those admitting their Polish or "Mazur" origin. The vacated lands were settled by "repatriates" from territories seized by the USSR, including "repatriates" from the Lithuanian SSR. The area was formally incorpor-
 Even though the Soviet CP Program proclaims the right of every citizen to speak any language and to bring up one's children in the language of one's choice � there are NO non-Russian schools in Kalinin-gradskaia Oblast. In fact, in all of the Soviet Union there is not one Lithuanian language school outside the Lithuanian SSR, and it is said that Polish language schools exist only in Lithuania.
 Regardless of the complete extinction of old Prussia � from the maps, the annihilation of its inhabitants and traditions and original place names � the Soviet propaganda to Lithuanians continues to rave against the "German aggression abetted by Roman Popes, German colonization of Lithuanian areas of Prussia, Germanization," etc. � and about the stubborn Lithuanian resistance to Germanization � "aided by the Great Russian people." In discussing the 40-year "tsarist ban" on Lithuanian literature, it is impossible to avoid mentioning the Lithuanian printing activities in Tilze and Ragaine, but there are no such towns to be found on maps.186 (General data � in any standard encyclopedia. The Encyclopedia Lituanica contains valuable information under "Lithuania Minor. Konigsberg, Donelaitis, Literature,'1 etc).
 The Soviet Census of 1970 lists some 150,000 Lithuanians outside the Lithuanian SSR. Some 40,000 are listed in the Latvian SSR, yet none are shown in the compact Lithuanian areas seized by Stalin in 1939 and incorporated into the Belorussian SSR � unless they are the "other" 52,000 beside the Russians, Belorussians, Poles, Ukrainians and Jews. The story of the genocide in progress is best told by "An Appeal of the Lithuanians in the Belorussian SSR."
 The appeal notes that at least 50,000 (up to 250,000) Lithuanians remained in the Western areas of the BSSR with Lithuanian-speaking majorities � Apsas, Gerveciai, Rodune, Nocia, Varanavas, etc. Lithuanian teachers and intellectuals were terrorized into leaving. Those who studied in Lithuanian schools in the Lithuanian SSR � could not return home. The population census showed not a single Lithuanian in the BSSR. "Only recently Mokslas ir Gyvenimas (Science and Life) reported the existence of 8,400 Lithuanians in the BSSR and 10,700 in the Ukrainian SSR." The appeal notes that Lithuanian schools, kindergartens, clubs, reading rooms, were tolerated under Polish rule after World War I. "Since 1944, after the return of the Soviet rule, no Lithuanian schools are permitted. All Lithuanian cultural institutions, permitted under Polish rule, were not permitted to re-open. Russian language schools were opened in place of the Lithuanian schools. The inhabitants petitioned the authorities to no avail. Petitions with 1,000 signatures were dismissed as'too insignificant.' Professor Tadas Ivanaus-kas, who seconded these efforts from Vilnius, was told that the numbers of Lithuanians were 'figments of your own imagination.' People who send their children into neighboring schools within the Lithuanian SSR are penalized," � their private gardens are taken away from them and no animal feed is allotted to them. A kolkhoznik who sent his children to a school in the Lithuanian SSR � was assigned by kolkhoz chairman Lovchenko, a Russian from Smolensk, to a brickworks seven kilometers away: "When you have to travel 7 kms daily to work, you will know where to send your children to school."
 During collectivization, Lithuanian farmers were not allowed to join with their fellow nationals. Lithuanians are mandatorily listed as Poles or Belorussians in their passports. The Church was completely eliminated by not allowing replacement of the deceased or aged priests. Performance by visiting Lithuanian ensembles is severely restricted � permits must be secured from several level authorities of both "republics." Children of parents who speak Lithuanian or Belorussian at home, are encouraged to speak Russian. "Already there are children who go to ffonfession in Lithuania and use the medium of Russian." Baptismal and family names�just as place names � are mutilated and deformed in the vital records: Jonas Joeys - Ivan Yoch, Motiejus Balsys - Matvei Bols, etc.
 No Lithuanian language newspapers are delivered to anyone in the BSSR -- not even to Party officials, and postal authorities refuse to issue money orders for subscriptions in Lithuania. The appeal stresses that people in their own homeland have no rights and are doomed, "just as happened before our very eyes with the Prussian Lithuanians. We are struggling for a life worthy of a human being. We cry: Help us! SOS!" 187 (A Report for 1972, op. cit., 29-33. contain* some extracts).
 Furthermore, there are increasingly shameless attempts by Belorussians to claim the very history of Lithuania. An edition of the historic First Lithuanian Statute � in Russian, with a Lithuanian historian listed as an alleged editor � boldly speaks of alleged "Belorussian" law-making. A glossary of Lithuanian words found in the original Statute is attached � as a dictionary of "Belorussian" words translated into Russian ....
 When more "Union" ministries were turned over to "republics," that is, to local administration, the Latvian authorities which had hitherto not known what was being produced across the street from a plant under local control, presently discovered that even though Latvians were producing more goods of the best quality than any other republic - they were being lambasted to produce more and better. When Berk-lavs and other young Latvian Communists inquired "what's in it for us" in 1959, and as they objected to the development of heavy industry and argued for a Latvian-oriented industrial development � the Latvian CP apparatus was severely purged and the leadership was replaced by Russian-oriented "loyalists" raised in Russia. At the same time Snieckus warned the CPL against "a one-sided view toward the questions of nationality policy." �
 Per Jungtinių Tautų organizaciją stengtasi sustabdyti Sovietų Sąjungos okupaciją � Sugrįžti į pradžią
 Letter of Kazys Grinius, Former President of Lithuania, to the Secretary General of the United Nations, Lie
 Chicago, December 12, 1949
 The crime of genocide is being systematically perpetrated against Soviet occupied Lithuania. Lithuanians are arrested, tortured, massacred and deported to Siberia by force, and colonists brought from the depths of Russia are installed in the homes and farms of the deportees. In occupied Lithuania there are neither civil rights nor fundamental liberties. If this extermination of Lithuania continues for some time, the greater part of the Lithuanian nation, endowed with civilization and open to progress, will be destroyed. This persecution is exposed in detail in the Memorandum of the Supreme Committee for the Liberation of Lithuania, which was transmitted to Your Excellency on October 31, 1949 by P. £adeikis, Minister of the Republic of Lithuania in Washington.
 I warmly support the aforementioned memorandum of the Supreme Committee for the Liberation of Lithuania, and ask that it be taken under consideration immediately, and that a commission of the United Nations be charged with the study of the crime of genocide committed by the Soviet Union in Lithuania and the other Baltic States; that all possible measures be taken to stop the persecution of the innocent Lithuanian population and to reestablish the liberty of Lithuania.
 (signed) Dr. Kazys Grinius
 M. Trygve Lie
 B. J. K a s l a s, The USSR-German Aggression against Lithuania, p. 398-399. New York, 1973. �
 Kai kurie valstybių vadovų raštai � Sugrįžti į pradžią
 Message of the President of the United States, Truman, to the Baltic States Freedom Committee
 MR. VACLOVAS SIDZIKAUSKAS
 Baltic States Freedom Committee
 16 WEST FIFTY-EIGHTH STREET
 On the occasion of the twelfth anniversary of the lawless invasion of the Baltic States by the Soviet Union, I send you warm greetings. The Government and people of the United States feel an instinctive and profound sympathy for the enslaved people of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania coupled with revulsion at the acts of the occupying power, whose forcible incorporation of the Baltic States we have never recognized. We pay tribute to the determined endeavors of the diplomatic and other representatives of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania on behalf of their homelands. We shall not forget our Baltic friends. We extend through you to them, wherever they may be, our heartfelt hope that they may have the fortitude and the patience to live through the grinding tyranny now imposed upon them to enjoy once again independence and freedom within the community of free nations.
 Joint Declaration of Basic Principles by the President of the United States, Eisenhower, and the Prime Minister of Great Britain, Churchill
 June 29,1954
 As we terminate our conversations on subjects of mutual and world interest, we again declare that:
 1. In intimate comradeship, we will continue our united efforts to secure world peace based upon the principles of the Atlantic Charter, which we reaffirm.
 2. We, together and individually, continue to hold out the hand of friendship to any and all nations, which by solemn pledge and confirming deeds show themselves desirous of participating in a just and fair peace.
 3. We uphold the principle of self-government and will earnestly strive by every peaceful means to secure the independence of all countries whose peoples desire and are capable of sustaining an independent existence. We welcome the processes of development, where still needed, that lead toward that goal. As regards formerly sovereign states now in bondage, we will not be a party to any arrangement or treaty which would confirm or prolong their unwilling subordination. In the case of nations now divided against their will, we shall continue to seek to achieve unity through free elections supervised by the United Nations to insure they are conducted fairly.
 4. We believe that the cause of world peace would be advanced by general and drastic reduction under effective safeguards of world armaments of all classes and kinds. It will be our persevering resolve to promote conditions in which the prodigious nuclear forces now in human hands can be used to enrich and not to destroy mankind.
 5. We will continue our support of the United Nations and of existing international organizations that have been established in the spirit of the Charter for common protection and security. We urge the establishment
 and maintenance of such associations of appropriate nations as will best, in their respective regions, preserve the peace and independence of the peoples living there. When desired by the peoples of the affected
 countries we are ready to render appropriate and feasible assistance to such associations.
 6. We shall, with our friends, develop and maintain the spiritual, economic and military strength necessary to pursue these purposes effectively. In pursuit of this purpose we will seek every means of promoting the fuller and freer interchange among us of goods and services which will benefit all participants.
 (signed) DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER (signed) WINSTON S. CHURCHILL
 Excerpts From the Third Interim Report
 of the Select Committee on Communist Aggression
 Introduction, Basic Findings, Conclusions, Recommendations
 Publ. October, 1954.
 This is the third interim report of the Committee on Communist Agression (formerly the House Baltic Committee) on the subject of the illegal incorporation of Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia into the U.S.S.R.
 (1) In 1939, the U.S.S.R., after concluding a secret pact with the Nazis which divided Eastern Europe into spheres of influence, did impose so-called mutual assistance pacts upon Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.
 (2) The mutual-assistance pacts so imposed upon the Baltic States called for the establishment of Soviet Russian military bases and airfields in each of those nations, at the same time guaranteeing that there would be no interference with their internal affairs, including their political structure and social and economic systems.
 (3) Contrary to the provisions of those mutual assistance pacts and other existing treaties, the Soviet Union, without provocation, did in June 1940 invade and take military and political control over Lithuania,
 Latvia, and Estonia, thus committing an act of unprovoked aggression.
 (4) Under the protection of the occupying Red army forces, political commissars of the Kremlin (Vishinsky, Dekanozov, and Zhdanov) did dissolve the legal governments of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania and arbitrarily established puppet governments to control the people.
 (5) A network of political agents of the U.S.S.R. did on July 14, 1940, conduct elaborately staged mock elections in the Baltic States with the support, of powerful Red military forces, the results of which were
 completely assured long before the first ballot was cast. Only one list of candidates, handpicked by the Kremlin representatives, was presented to the voters, and the exercise of the secret ballot was denied.
 (6) By the process of mock elections the political commissars of the U.S.S.R. did install puppet parliaments in Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia which on July 21-22, 1940, adopted a resolution prepared in Moscow, petitioning the Supreme Council of the Soviet Union for recognition as a Soviet Republic. This action by the puppet parliaments was in violation of the sovereign will be the Lithuanian, Latvian, and Estonian people and in violation of the legal constitutions of those nations which required a popular referendum on such an issue.
 (7) The U.S.S.R. has been and is now engaged in a ruthless program of sovietization in Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, employing the well-known Communist tactics of arrest and detention without cause, torture
 chambers, mass deportations to slave-labor camps, population transfers, and wide-scale political murders.
 (I) The evidence is overwhelming and conclusive that Estonia, �Latvia, and Lithuania were forcibly occupied and illegally annexed by the U. S. S. R. Any claims by the U. S. S. R. that the elections conducted by them in July 1940 were free and voluntary or that the resolutions adopted by the resulting parliaments petitioning tor recognition as a Soviet Republic were legal are false and without foundation in fact.
 (II) That the continued military and political occupation of Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia by the U.S.S.R. is a major cause of the dangerous world tensions which now beset mankind and therefore constitutes a serious threat to the peace.
 (1) That, the Secretary of State take such steps as are necessary to cause this threat to world peace to be brought to the urgent attention of the current session of the General Assembly of the United Nations.
 (2) That the United States delegation to the United Nations take the initiative in removing this threat to world peace by sponsoring a resolution in the General Assembly calling for the full and rapid withdrawal of all the military, political, and administrative personnel of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics from the territories of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.
 Address of the President of the United States, Eisenhower, to a Joint Session of Congress
 January 6,1957
 . . . International Communism, of course, seeks to mask its purposes of domination by expressions of good will and by superficially attractive offers of political, economic and military aid. But any free nation, which is the subject of Soviet enticement, ought, in elementary wisdom, to look behind the mask.
 Remember Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. In 1939, the Soviet Union entered into mutual assistance pacts with these then independent countries; and the Soviet Foreign Minister, addressing the Extraordinary Fifth Session of the Supreme Soviet in October 1939, solemnly and publicly declared that "we stand for the scrupulous and punctilious observance of the pacts on the basis of complete reciprocity, and we declare that all the nonsensical talk about the Sovietization of the Baltic countries is only to the interest of our common enemies and all anti-Soviet provocateurs." Yet in 1940, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania were forcibly incorporated into the Soviet Union.
 Stalin's death brought hope that this pattern would change. And we read the pledge of the Warsaw Treaty of 1955 that the Soviet Union would follow in satellite countries "the principles of mutual respect for their independence and sovereignty and non-interference in domestic affairs." But we have just seen the subjugation of Hungary by naked armed force. In the aftermath of this Hungarian tragedy, world respect for and belief in Soviet promises have sunk to a new low . . .
 B. J. K a s l a s, The USSR-German Aggression against Lithuania, p. 453-458. New York, 1973. �
 Neteisybė Potsdam'e � Sugrįžti į pradžią
 Antrojo Pasaulinio karo metu JAV, Anglija, Sovietų Sąjunga svarstė kaip nugalėti Vokietiją ir jos sąjungininkus, o nugalėjus, kaip nubausti. Tais reikalais tarėsi Teherane 1943.XI.28�XII.l dienomis, Jaltoje 1945 vasario 5-11 die-nomis. Karą laimėjo. Potsdame 1945.VII.17�VIII.2 dienomis pasitarimai baigti, nutarimai paskelbti. Vokietija padalinama. Senųjų lietuvių-prūsų genčių kraštas Prūsija padalintas tarp Sovietų Sąjungos ir Lenkijos laikinai administracijai. Tas laikinumas tebesitęsia. Tuo nuskriausta Lietuva.
 JAV veikusios lietuvių organizacijos nebuvo tinkamai in-formavę to krašto prezidentą, vyriausybę apie lietuvių tautai turinčias priklausyti buvusias prūsų žemes. �Sanda-ra" Nr. 25, Čikagoje 1969.VI.20 d.:
 �Sugrįžus prezidentui Roosevelt'ui iš konferencijos Jaltoje 1945 m., kur jisai tarėsi su Stalinu ir Churchill'iu apie pokarinės Europos problemas bei pasidalinimą grobiu, kiekvienas, norėdami daugiau patirti smulkmenų ir, užgrobę, turėti bei išlaikyti.
 Tuomet Amerikos Lietuvių Tarybos delegacija, susidedanti iš Leonardo Simučio, Antano Olio, dr. Pijaus Grigaičio, Mykolo Vaidylos, Povilo Dargio, Jono Grigaliaus, William Kvetkaus bei M. J. Viniko, apsilankė Valstybės Departamente ir pareiškė savo protestą dėl Karaliaučiaus priskyrimo prie Sovietų Sąjungos, Ten buvo priminta, jog toks priskyrimas izoliuoja Lietuvą nuo Vakarų ir perkerta bet kokį susisiekimą su Vakarais. Be to, Karaliaučiaus sritis yra senųjų prūsų žemė ir rusai ten niekad negyveno.
 Valstybės Departamento pareigūnai atidžiai išklausė šias lietuvių pastabas ir vienas jų pradėjo aiškinti:
 - Girdi, netiesa, kad Lietuva yra atkertama susisiekimo atžvilgiu su Vakarais. Ji galės susisiekti oro keliu. Į tai vienas lietuvių atstovų dr. M. J. Vinikas, atkirto:
 - Rusai gali trukdyti ir lėktuvų susisiekimą, jų skraidymą, ypač kai jie skrenda per jų teritoriją.
 Pareigūnai su tuo sutiko, bet nieko daugiau nenorėjo sakyti.
 Tačiau Valstybės Departamentas nepaklausė rimto ALT'o atstovų įspėjimo, o vėliau patys susilaukė daug nemalonumų, ypač 1948 m. ir dabar jų apsčiai turi. Bet patys departamento pareigūnai atrodė labai neramūs ir susirūpinę. Jie, mat, nujautė, kad jų šefas, prezid. Roosevelt'as padarė Stalinui vertingų nuolaidų, ypač Lenkijos ir Lietuvos atžvilgiu, Karaliaučiaus sritį priskirdamas valdyti Sovietams ir tuo pačiu Lietuvą atskirdamas nuo Vakarų pasaulio.
 Tuomet Povilas Dargis pastebėjo: - - Visgi per Karaliaučiaus sritį reikėjo pravesti Lietuvai laisvą koridorių.
 Bet valstybės departamento pareigūnai nieko negalėjo pakeisti, o pati delegacija, matydama, kad šia proga nieko daugiau negali padaryti, turėjo padėkoti už priėmimą pasikalbėjimui ir apleisti Valstybės Departamentą. Tačiau širdyje kiekvienas džiaugėsi, kad lietuviai savo protestą pareiškė". � Kada paaiškės Potsdam'o konferencijos paslaptis? � Sugrįžti į pradžią
 Prūsų tapatumą su lietuvių tauta visi žino. Laiko verpetuose tose vietovėse gyvenančių tautinė-lietuviška sąmonė menkėjo dėl įvairių priežasčių. Dažnai klausiama: kodėl po Antrojo Pasaulinio karo Prūsijos negavo Lietuva, o tos žemės buvo padalintos, laikinai administracijai, tarp Sovietų Sąjungos ir Lenkijos?
 Manoma, kad gerokai prieš Potsdam'o konferenciją, sovietai leidę lietuviams parengti įrodymus apie tos srities prūsišką lietuviškumą nuo senų senovės. Prof. Povilas Pakarklis ir kiti tokius duomenis rinkę. Esą, sovietai leidę lietuvių atstovams tatai vežti į Potsdam'ą, jais pasinaudoti, jei anglai-ame-rikiečiai abejotų etnografine, istorine prūsų krašto praeitimi. Sovietams kas, - juk Lietuva Sovietų Sąjungos dalis, jų okupuotas kraštas. Ar Stalin'as pakeitęs nuomonę, ar kas, bet net prie okupuotos Lietuvos nebuvo priskirta nė gabalėlio iš buvusios Prūsijos. Iki Potsdam'o konferencijos sovietai net oficialiai teigė, kad reikia atitaisyti skriaudas lietuvių tautai h jiems (lietuviams) grąžinti šimtmečiais Kryžiuočių ordino ir Vokietijos pagrobtas, ir prie Vokietijos prijungtas žemes. Net Maskvos radijas, sovietinė spauda taip garsino, ir JAV komunistinė spauda lietuvių kalba skelbė, kad, štai, Sovietų Sąjunga grąžins Lietuvai prūsų žemes, kurias buvo okupavusi Vokietija. Sovietų Sąjunga visad stovinti teisybės ir tiesos pusėje... Po Potsdam'o konferencijos plokštelė buvo pakeista, - - pradėta groti ir triūbyti, esą, Prūsija priklausanti ne lietuviams, bet lenkams ir rusams... Pasidalinę Prūsiją vadinama Stalin'o ar Potsdam'o linija, ir vieni ir kiti pašoko naikinti išlikusius lietuviškus vietovardžius ir viską, kas priminė prūsiškumą ar lietuviškumą.
 Gal kada nors bus paskelbti iki šiol nežinomi duomenys.
 Čia spausdinamo tuo reikalu įvairius pasisakymus.
 Algirdas Budreckis, �Dirvos" 25, 26 ir 27 numeriuose, Cleveland, 1969 metais:
 �Anthony Edenas savo atsiminimuose apibūdina anglų delegacijos atoveikį į Stalin'o reikalavimus: �Kilo sunkumų, kai rusai norėjo, kad mes pripažintume jų 1940 metais Estijos, Latvijos ir Lietuvos pagrobimą. Mes buvome prisiekę nesuteikti de jure pripažinimo jokios valstybės pasikeitusiai padėčiai. Nors mes būtume norėję, tai negalėjome padaryti. Mes negalėjome atiduoti Pabaltijo valstybių aukso, deponuoto Britanijoje. Tuo labiau negalėjome grąžinti laivų, kurie dabar sudarė dalį mūsų laivininkystės. Tuo tarpu, rusai nerodė jokio ženklo kad jie prisidėsią prie mūsų sutarimo. Jie tik ginčijosi, jog būtinai išaiškinti Pabaltijo klausimą pirm pagerinant santykius". (Zifir. Anthony Eden, The Reckoning. Boston, 1965, p. 65).
 �Churchillis pristatė Edeno raportą anglų ministrų kabinetui svarstyti. Kabinetas atmetė Stalin'o reikalavimus, kaip nesiderinančius su Atlanto Chartos principais, kuriems ir Tarybų Sąjunga buvo pritarusi". (Nr. 25).
 �Kilo dilema dėl Pabaltijo klausimo. Iš vienos pusės, Edenas užėmė poziciją, kad reikia ginti Pabaltijo valstybių integralumą, iš kitos pusės, Churchill'is užėmė būtinumu pagrįstą poziciją, t.y., nepaisant medžiaginės ar moralinės kainos, reikia laimėti karą".
 �Hullio raginamas, kovo 2 d. Rooseveltas kreipėsi tiesiog į Staliną su prašymu, kad Stalinas išleistų teritorinius dalykus iš siūlomos sutarties. Stalinas atsakė, kad jis imąs Rooseveltb pažiūras dėmesin. Ir tai viskas. (Žiūr. H e r b e r t Feis, Churchill, Roosevelt, Stalin. Princeton, 1957, p. 59).
 Vietiniai politiniai svarstymai darė įtakos į Amerikos užsienio politikos formulavimą. Rooseveltas susilaukė stipraus JAV suomių ir lietuvių spaudimo. Įtaigoj imas dažnai paveikia ir rinkimus Amerikoje, o Rooseveltui rūpėjo mažumų grupių nusiteikimas".
 �1942 m. gegužės 26 d. Molotovas pasirašė anglų-sovietų sutartį 20-čiai metų. Toje sutartyje pokarinių sovietų sienų aptarimas buvo paliktas atdaras". (Nr. 26).
 �Maskvoje ir Teherane Roosveltas davė Stalinui žinoti, kad Amerika nekovosianti prieš Tarybų Sąjungą Pabaltijo valstybių nepriklausomybei išsaugoti. Tai buvo diplomatinis ženklas Stalinui, kad jo pozicija Pabaltijyje saugi. Kai Rooseveltas pareiškė, kad pabaltiečiai balsuotų už Tarybų Sąjungą, tai tuo pasakymu jisai lyg ir atidavė Pabaltijo kraštus Stalinui be jokio pasipriešinimo".
 �Jaltos konferencijos pabaigoje, 1945 m. vasario lld. Trys Didieji pasirašė bendrą komunikatą, kurio penktas skyrius numatė �suvereninių teisių ir savivaldos grąžinimą toms tautoms, kurios buvo šitų teisių nustojusios, kai agresoriai jas smurtu užėmė". Tikra ironija, kad šis kilnus dokumentas, šalia Rooseveltb ir Churchill'io parašų, turi ir Stalirio". Stalinui dedant parašą prie bendro komunikato, Raudonoji armija jau buvo nužygiavusi toli už Sovietijos ribų į vakarus. Stalirias jau turėjo raktą į Rytų ir Vidurinę Europą. Netrukus nusileido Geležinė uždanga. Jinai ir aptemdė Estiją, Latviją ir Lietuvą". (Nr. 27).
 Stasys Kuzminskas, �Europos Lietuvis"
 (Anglijoje) Nr. 9, 1970:
 1945 m. vasario mėn. pradžioje viename mažame miestely prie Juodosios jūros krantų, Jaltoje, suvažiavo trys pasaulinės politikos išminčiai.
 Stalinas, išaugęs batsiuvio šeimoje, mokslus ėjęs dvasinėj seminarijoj, ginkluotų sąmokslų ir sukilimų organizatorius, masinių žudynių planuotojas, koncentracijos stovyklų inžinierius, rusų imperijos diktatorius ir valdovas, dvasiškai nepalaužiamas, fiziškai stiprus, visuomet žinąs, ko nori, ir siekiantis savo tikslų bet kuriomis priemonėmis.
 Roosevelt'as � kaubojų sūnus, presbiterionų milijonierius, JAV prezidentas, garbėtroška, svajotojas, kuriam pasaulis - bandymų laukas jo savoms sukurtoms fantazijoms; fiziškai paliegęs, pusiau paraližuotas ir sunkiai sergantis arterijų skleroze. Konferencijos metu jo vienintelis patarėjas Hopkins, beveik jau mirštantis vėžio liga, būdavo įnešamas neštuvais į posėdžio salę.
 Churchill'is - senos aristokratų kilmės, šimtametinių diplomatinių ir politinių tradicijų auklėtinis, Didž. Britanijos min. pirmininkas, nuodugniai ir jautriai pažinojęs tarpvalstybinių santykių problemas ir pavojus, žinojęs jų praktiškus sprendimus, vakarietiškai europietiškų pažiūrų, tik, deja, atstovavo mažai valstybei (palyginus su Rusija ir Amerika) ir buvo, nors ir dėl skirtingų priežasčių, tiek Stalin'o, tiek Roosevelt'o, nemėgiamas.
 Štai trys vyriausieji Jaltos tragedijos veikiantieji asmenys: vienas - - stiprus, gudrus, praktiškas aziatas; antras - pusiau paraližuotas, mirštąs garbėtroška fantastas, amerikietis; ir trečias - - gyvo proto, lakių minčių, gabus valstybės vyras, bet abiejų nemėgiamas ir todėl negalįs daryti įtakos, anglas.
 Štai tokioj situacijoj, savaime aišku, buvo tik du, Stalina's ir Roosevelt'as, kuriems likimas lėmė pertvarkyti pasaulį naujais pagrindais.
 Rooseveltas buvo apsėstas liguistos manijos, kad, karui pasibaigus, pasaulis galės gyventi amžinoj taikoj tik tada, jeigu bus tvarkomas dviejų valstybių Amerikos ir Sovietų Rusijos; o Rusijai padaryti taikiai ir prijaukintai, reikia duoti tiek, kiek ir ko ji norės.
 Sunku tvirtinti, bet spėlioti galima, kad tokia padėtis Sta-lidui ir geriausiame sapne niekuomet nebuvo prisisapnavusi. Čia pat reikia įvertinti ir Stalin'o geraširdišką kuklumą kiek žinoma, visos konferencijos bėgy Stalin'as niekuomet nereikalavo pusės Vašingtono, bet pasitenkino puse Berlyno.
 Tuo būdu Jaltos konferencija plačiai atidarė visas užtvankas rusiškam komunizmui išsilieti ir užlieti vakarų Europą iki Adrijos jūros. Komunizmas, kuris dėl vidinių nesėkmių gal būtų pats pasismaugęs, dabar įgavo naują akstiną, naujas galimybes imperialistiniam išsiplėtojimui.
 Šiandien pačiame Kremliuje ne tiek svarstoma Lenin'o-Marks'o ideologija bei jos sėkmingas pritaikymas (manau, kad tai jau visai nebesvarstoma, nes Lenin'o komunizmas seniai subankrutavo), kiek kuria linkme Sovietų Rusijos įtaka turėtų būti nukreipta, kuriame krašte pagal nustatytą eilę turėtų būti sukeltas ginkluotas konfliktas, kuris kraštas iš eilės turėtų būti pavergtas ir 1.1. Visam tam Jaltos konferencijoj Roosevelt'o įteiktos Stalimii dovanos (jų skaičiuje ir Lietuva) sudarė puikų trampliną.
 Visai natūralu, kad rusai, pavergę visą rytiną Europą ir užėmę visas strategines vietas jos šiaurėje, šiuo metu veržiasi į Viduržemio jūrą ir tuo pačiu supa Europos likutį iš pietų. Ačiū Jaltai. Šiandien net sunku įsivaizduoti, kokios būtų pasekmės Europai, jeigu rusams tai pasisektų.
 Abejodamas, ar Stalin'as buvo patenkintas dovanomis iš Europos, Roosevelt'as atrėžė gabalą Mandžiūrijos, uostus Dairen ir Port Artūrą, Sachalino ir Kurilų salas ir visa tai atidavė Sovietų Rusijai. Roosevelt'as tai padarė visai net neatsiklausęs Cang Kai-Si, kuris, kaip Amerikos sąjungininkas, metų metais kariavo prieš japonus. Toks Roosevelt'o elgesys, žinoma, smarkiai pakirto Cang Kai-Ši prestižą bei populiarumą ir galų gale sudarė sąlygas visiškai sunaikinti jam ir komunizmui įsigalėti Azijoje. Tuo tarpu gi Rusija prieš japonus visai net nekariavo; raudonosios armijos aukos ribojosi tik dešimčia kareivių, kurie žuvo okupuojant Roosevelt'o tokia dosnia širdimi dovanotąsias žemes.
 Roosevelt'as labai skaudžiai suklydo, galvodamas tuo būdu įsigyti sau amžinai dėkingą, amžinai ištikimą draugą. Vos Jaltos vilos durims spėjus užsisklęsti, Rusija ėmėsi skelbti ir propaguoti, jog Amerika yra vienintelis ir didžiausias pasaulio ir žmonijos blogis. Tam įrodyti rusiškasis komunizmas išprovokavo karus Korėjoje, Kuboje, Vietname ir dabar tebe-provokuoja ir ruošia Egipte prie Suezo. Amerikos jaunuolis kareivis, niekuomet nematęs ir nepažinojęs Roosevelt'o, žygiuoja, kariauja, vargsta, miršta... Mes, lietuviai, ir daug kitų su mumis klajojome, bastomės svetimuos vieškeliuos be kelio į namus.
 Dar ir šiandien, po dvidešimt penkerių metų, Jaltos konferencijos faktai skamba arba kaip nutrūktgalviškų fantazijų pasaka, arba kaip nejaukus, kažką bloga žadantis bepročio kliedėjimas. Dar ir šiandien europietis, šimtmečiais visu atsidėjimu kūręs vakarų kultūrą, vaikšto sunkia širdimi, pilna liūdesio, ašarų ir pykčio, kad tik vieno kaubojo mostelėjimu visam tam gal lemta žūti ir išvirsti į vieną nykią koncentracijos stovyklą arba, geresniu atveju, į vieną didelę pelenų krūvą.
 Tikrai liūdna, o vis dėlto...
 � 1944 m. jis (H. S. Truman) buvęs priverstas prieš savo norą sutikti būti kandidatu į viceprezidentus. O juo būdamas, nuo sausio 20 d. iki balandžio 12 d. 1945 metais, buvęs kabineto posėdžiuose ir matęsis su prezidentu Roosevelt'u tik du kartus. Tačiau Roosevelt'as su juo nekalbėjęs apie karą ar užsienio politiką, arba kas bus karui pasibaigus". (P. Ž i č k u s, �Laisvoji Lietuva" Nr. 4. Chicago, 1973). � An open letter to Mr. Harry S. Truman. � Sugrįžti į pradžiąOctober 12, 1967
 An Open Letter to Mr. Harry S. Truman
 During the Potsdam Conference of June 17 - July 2, 1945, Prussia (Ostpreussen) was divided into two parts. The Russians got the Northern, and the Poles the Southern part.
 You are the only living witness of the three powers (the U.S.A., England, USSR) at the Potsdam conference.
 I am a Lithuanian and am studying the problems of that territory. I would be most pleased if you could answer the following question:
 Was there any suggestion by any involved power of giving the Northern part of Prussia to Lithuania, already unfortunately occupied by the USSR?
 I have been informed that a Lithuanian delegation, supplied with the necessary statements to prove that the Northern part of Prussia should belong to Lithuania, was present at the conference, but that the Russians did not allow them to be officially recognized.
 Unfortunately, after a brief debate, that region was given to the USSR for temporary administration. That situation has prevailed to this day.
 Soon after that agreement, the Russians eliminated those Lithuanians who were present at the Potsdam conference.
 Throughout the centuries the natives living in Prussia were Prussians of Lithuanian origin. They lived between the river Nemunas (Memel) in the North and the river Visla (Vistula) in the South. The Lithuanians are seeking to get that region added to their state, and they hope that the government of the U.S.A. will help them in obtaining it.
 Your information on this European territory would be most appreciated. With your approval, I shall use it in my work regarding this problem.
 / Atsakymas � Sugrįžti į pradžią
 Mr. Truman has asked me to reply to your letter of May 17, and to express his regret that he cannot comply with your request, but that he appreciates your interest.
 Sincerely yours, Rose A. Conway
 Mr. Algirdas Gustaitis
 1207 N. Detroit Street
 Los Angeles, California 90046 � Department of State laiškas � Sugrįžti į pradžiąDEPARTMENT OF STATE
 The Department of State has received your letter of December 9, 1967, requesting information concerning the Potsdam Conference.
 The documentary record of the Potsdam Conference has been published by the Department in Foreign Relations of the United States, The Conference of Berlin (Potsdam), 1945, Volumes I & II. Additional material touching upon this subject in which you are interested is to be found in other volumes of the Foreign Relations series, particularly Conferences at Cairo and Tehran, 1943, and The Conferences at Malta and Yalta, 1945. These volumes are presumably available at the major public or university libraries in your area or may be obtained through them on interlibrary loan. Should you desire to purchase the volumes, the enclosed copy of GPO Price List 65 contains instructions and forms for ordering.
 Peter V. Curl
 Acting Chief, Historical Studies Division
 Mr. Algirdas Gustaitis,
 1207 N. Detroit Street,
 Hollywood, California 90046.
 Iš: United States Department of State. Conference at Malta and Yalta, 1945. � Iš J. Epštein Operation Keelhaul � Sugrįžti į pradžiąStalin had already broken the agreement of Yalta ("free and unfettered elections" in Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria, Rumania, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia) as well as the Potsdam agreement to treat Germany as an economic unit. In fact, the Cold War had already broken out in 1945, and not after the Soviet coup d'etat in Czechoslovakia in 1948, as some historians still seem to believe. How far this Cold War had progressed in September 1945�four months after VE-Day�can be seen in a telegram from the American Ambassador in Prague. Steinhardt, to the Acting Secretary of State, Dean Acheson, on September 14, 1945:
 Julius Epstein, Operation Keelhaul, p. 95. U.S.A., 1973. �
 Potsdam'o konferencijos, Prūsijos ir Lietuvos reikalų laiškai aštuoniomis kalbomis � Sugrįžti į pradžią � LietuviškaiIš buvusio Jungtinių Amerikos Valstijų prezidento H. S. Truman'o negavus rimto atsakymo, tą laišką pasiunčiau kai kuriai užsienio spaudai. Laiškas paskelbtas šiomis kalbomis:
 lietuvių (du kartu), latvių, estų (du kartu), ukrainiečių, ispanų, vokiečių, anglų, lenkų.
 Duodame tuos atspaudus.
 Atviras laiškas buv. JAV prez. H. Trumanui
 Potsdamo konferencijos metu, 1947 birželio 17 - liepos 2 d. d., Prūsija buvo padalinta i dvi dali. Rusai gavo šiaurinę ir lenkai pietinę dalį.
 Jūs esate vienintelis gyvas liudininkas iš trijų galybių (JAV, Anglijos, Sovietų Rusijos l, dalyvavusių toje konferencijoje.
 Aš esu lietuvis ir studijuoju tos teritorijos problemas. Būkite malonus atsakyti j sekant; klausimą:
 Ar nei viena tų galybių nebuvo pasiūliusi šiaurinę Prūsijos dalį priskirti Lietuvai, deja, tada okupuotai SSSR?
 Mane buvo pasiekusios žinios, kad lietuvių delegacija, apsirūpinusi reikalingais dokumentais, jog šiaurinė Prūsijos dalis turi priklausyti Lietuvai, tenai buvo konferencijos laiku, bet rusai jiems neleido pasirodyti.
 Nelaimei, po trumpų debatų, toji sritis buvo pavesta laikinai SSSR administracijai. Toji padėtis tebėra ir šiandien.
 Esą, netrukus po tokių susitarimų, rusai sunaikinę Potsdamo konferencijoje pasiruošusius dalyvauti lietuvius.
 Šimtmečiais Prūsijoje gyvenusieji vietiniai gyventojai buvo lietuvių tautos kilmės. Jie gyveno tarp Nemuno upės šiaurėje ir Vyslos upės pietuose. Lietuviai siekia tą sritį atgauti savo valstybei ir tikisi, kad JAV vyriausybė padės tai įvykdyti.
 Jūsų duomenys apie šią Europos teritoriją labai laukiami. Jums leidžiant juos panaudočiau prie savo darbo, liečiančio šią problemą.
 P. S. Sis laiškas buvo pasiųstas buv. JAV prezidentui H. S. Trumanui. Sekretorė, atsakydama už H. S. Trumaną apgailestavo, kad jis negali atsakyti j pageidaujamą klausimą ir pan.
 Tada laiško nuorašas buvo pasiųstas kai kuriai užsienio spaudai ir jis buvo paskelbtas estų, latvių, vokiečių, lenkų, ukrainiečių, ispanų ir amerikiečių spaudoje.
 Karys" Nr. 5 (1462). Brooklyn, 1970. Taip pat ir �Tėviškės žiburiai" nr. 28. Toronto, 1970.VII.9.
 Harry S. Truman (1884.V.8� 1972.XII.26) buvo JAV senatorius 1934�1944. Nuo 1944 m. JAV viceprezidentas. 1945.IV. 12 mirus JAV prezidentui Franklin D. Roosevelt'ui tapo JAV prezidentas. 1945.VIII.6 d. jo įsakymu ant Japonijos miesto Hirosima iš lėktuvo numesta; pirmą kartą pasaulio istorijoje, atominė bomba, kurios sprogimas sunaikino apie 282,000 žmonių.
 Harry S. Truman nebuvo baigęs gimnazijos. �
 Latviškai �
 Estiškai �
 Ukrainietiškai �
 Angliškai �
 Ispaniškai �
 Vokiškai �
 Lenkiškai Lenkų laikraštyje �Zycie Warszawy" nr. 174-175, Warszawa, 1968.VII.20, atspausdinta Churchill, Truman ir Stalin'o nuotrauka Potsdamo konferencijos metu. Tenai jie įsitaisę prie krūmų plačiuose foteliuose.
 Atkreipiame dėmesį į jų veidų išraiškas: Stalin'as labai patenkintas, nes jam meilikaujamai šypsosi Truman'as stengdamasis pritraukti sutrikusio Churchill'io ranką prie jo kruvinosios. Taip tarsi simboliškai parodoma to meto Amerikos politika, pajungianti pasaulį bolševizmo kėslams įgyvendinti.
 Vokiečiai, istoriniu pagrindu parengtame leidinyje �Ge-
 schichte. Band 4. Von 1789 bis zur Gegenwart". Frankfurt a. M. -
 Berlin - Bonn, 1954. Tenai 71 psl. spausdino 1945 m.
 vasario mėnesį Jaltos konferencijoje sėdinčius: Churchill,
 Roosevelt, Stalin. Jų užnugaryje sargai-patarėjai.
 72 psl. spausdino Potsdamo konferencijoje 1945 m. liepos mėnesį (konferencija tęsėsi iki rugpjūčio 2 d.) rankomis susikabinusius ir besišypsančius: Churchill Truman Stalin. Tai jie uždėjo Lietuvai, Pabaltės kraštams ir kitiems okupacinius Sovietų Sąjungos retežius. Čia tos nuotraukos atspaudas.
 Potsdam'o konferencijos metu, W.L.S. Churchill'iui Anglijoje praradus pasitikėjimą, jo vietoje Angliją atstovavo C.R. Attlee.
 Apie Potsdam'o konferenciją rašiau: 200, 000, 000 AND Lithuania (anglų kalba). Los Angeles, Calif., 1971 m., antroji laida 1976 m. Tikroji Lietuva, Chicago, 1983. Karas braukia kruviną ašarą, Chicago, 1990.
 � Lietuvos Generalinio konsulo dr. J. J. Bielskio laiškas � Sugrįžti į pradžią
 LIETUVOS GENERALINIS KONSULATAS
 CONSULATE GENERAL OF L1THUANIA
 1001 HILTS AVENUE LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA 90024
 1968 m., bal. men.
 Gerb. Algirdui Gustaičiui
 1207 K. Detroit 3t.,
 Los Angeles, Callfornia 90046
 Gerbiamas p. Algirdai:
 Dėkoju Tamstai už laišką, su dviem priedais, iš š.ra. bal. 20d..
 Deliai "bendravimo su lenkais", kovoje už pavergtų kraštų išlaisvinimą mes esame pasirengę kooperuoti su visais geros valios žmonėmis. Bet, praeitės patyrimai įrodė, Jog kooperavimas su lenkais, kad ir prieš bendrą priešą, baigėsi lenkų klastos sudarytais nemalonumais.
 Kaslink "Lenkų Laisvųjų Erelių" paskelbto rašto, mačiau apie tai kaikuriuose mūsų laikraščiuose. Suprantu, kad Jų originalis raštas buvus parengtas anglų, lietuvių ir lenkų kalbomis. Bet toi;io rašto, man neteko metyti. Gal aname jų rašte buvo nurodyta kas Jie tokie, kaip, kada ir iškur Jie atsirado, ką Jie atstovauja. Tokių žinių apie "Lenkų Laisvus Erelius" neturint, nuo rimtos kalbos su Jais tenka susilaikyti. Ypač kuomet savo rašte Jie kalba apie sudarymą "Federation, Commonwealth" ir panašiai. Tad, norint su kuo pokalbį užvesti, prisilaikant Jau seniai įsigyvenusio įpročio, pirmiausia pasistengiama tinkamai prisistatyti. "Lenkų Laisvėji Ereliai" matomai tuo nepasirūpino.
 Su nuoširdžiais sveikinimais ir kuogeriausials linkėjimais,
 Lietuvos Generalinis konsulas �
 Lenkų sveikinimas � Sugrįžti į pradžią
 Penkiasdešimties metų Lietuvos Nepriklausomybės paskelbimo metinių proga, simbolio Jūsų ryftumo kovoje dėl nepriklausomybės, linkime Lietuvių tautai kuo gražiausio klestėjimo, nusikratymo komunistinės nelaisvės pančių ir taipogi kuo geriausios ateities Jūsų sūnums ir ainiams!
 Jums.kurie esate pilni kovos dvasios laisvei atsiekti, Jums išbarstytiems po visus pasaulio kampus ir Jūsų broliams, gyvenantiems pavergtoj tėvynėj - linkime ištvermės kovoje,kuri anksčiau ar vėliau baigsis pergale teisingumo, pergale laisvės, per gale tiesos.
 Šiandien Lietuva skaitosi tarybine respublika, bet ištikrųjų ji yra sovietine kolonija užgrobta laike paskutinio karo amžino rusiško imperializmo.
 Naudojant nežmonišką terorą ir gerai išbandytus metodus falsifikuoti žmonių valią, lietuvių tautai buvo atimta laisvė, o tarybinė propaganda stengiasi apjuodinti ją savanorišku pasidavimu \ pančius.
 Lietuvių tauta niekad neapsiprato ir niekad neapsipras su vergija. Kovodama su priespauda sunkiausiose sąlygose, visomis prieinamomis priemonėmis, ir apmokėdama deportacijomis milžiniškos dalies savo tautiečių į neapgyvendintas Sibiro taigas,persekiojimu,kalėjimu ir mirtimi savo geriausių sūnų, įrodo savo nepalaužiamą ištvermingą valią ir pasitikėjimą pergale.
 Mes, Lenkai, pažįstame Lietuvius į laisvės troškimą. Praeityje bendri užsimojimai ir tikslai jungė dalią mūsų tautas. Mūsų karalienė atnešė Jums kraityje tikėjimą į Tikrąjį Dievą, o Jūsų kunigaikščiai buvo mūsų karaliais. Mūsų poetai kūryboje šlovino Lietuvą,o Jūsų karvedžiai vedė į kovą karžygius bendron pergalėn.
 Visi mes šiandien matome, kad nei Lietuva, nei Lenkija pavieniui neįstengia pasipriešinti vis didėjančiai galiai raudonosios imperializmo plėtimui.
 Dėl šios priežasties siūlome įsteigti Vidurinės Europos Valstybių Sąjungą, kurios ribas apimtų netik Lietuvą ir Lenkiją, bet ir jų kaimynes Estiją ir Latviją, Baltgudiją ir Ukrainą, Čekoslovakiją ir Vengriją. Bulgariją ir Rumuniją. Bendro užsienio, karine ir ekonomine politika, lygiagrečiai su visiška laisve savos kalbos klestėjimui, savitai tautinei kultūrai, savų papročių vystymui ir tautinėmis bei religinėmis įstaigomis - turėtų tapti mūsų tikslu ir pareiga.
 Turime prieš save tiktai dvi galimybes s arba bendradarbiavimą ir sukūrimą bendromis pastangomis pajėgas, kurios galėtų atsispirti ki ekvienam užpuolikui, arba, nuleidus rankas, stebėti išnaikinama vienos tautos po kitai.
 Nuoširdžiai kreipiamės į Jūsų bendradarbiavimą šiam svarbiam tikslui atsiekti.
 FREE EAGLES ORGANIZATION, INC.
 National Headouarters
 P. O. Box 1313 Hartford. Conn. U. S. A.
 Manoma, kad to paties turinio pasiūlymus yra gavęs ir VLIKas.Reikia tikėtis padarys atatinkamas iš vadas. Sveikinimas gautas lietuvių, lenkų ir anglų kalbose. Red.
 �L a i s v o j i L i e t u v a" nr. 6 (1023) Chicago, 1968.111.23.
 Lenkų sumanymas
 Australijoje yra susidariusi tam tikra taryba, kuri bando paruošti sąlygas sukurti rytinės bei vidurinės Europos valstybių federacijai. Kaip ir Europoj bei Amerikoj besireiškiančio europiniu "federalistų" sąjūdžio, taip ir tos tarybos pradininkai yra lenkai. Svajojamoji federacija turėtų apimti Estiją, Latviją, Lietuva, Gudiją, Ukrainą, Rumunija, Bulgariją, Vengriją, Čekoslovakiją, Jugoslavija bei Albaniją. Geografinis (ir politinis?) federacijos branduolys būtų Lenkija. Tarybos pradininkai pabrėžia, kad šios idėjos įgyvendinimas turi būti pradėtas nuo pastangų pašalinti tradicines neapykan-tas ir praeities klaidas.
 Australijos Lietuvių Bendruomenė kalbamoje taryboje dalyvauja visai apčiuopiamai: bendruomenės krašto valdyba yra delegavusi į tą tarybą tris lietuvių atstovus. Dalyvauja ir Australijoje gyvenančių latvių, estų, čeku, rumunų atstovai. Tarybos pirmininkas yra J. Du-nin-Karwicki, lenkas. Pakeliui į Europa, jis buvo sustojęs New Yorke, kur liepos 29 matėsi su čionykščiais baltiečių atstovais. Pasimatyme dalyvavo Vliko vicepirmininkai J. Audėnas, B. Nemickas ir LLK pirmininkas V. Sidzikauskas. (Iš latvių komiteto dalyvavo Ramanis, estų � Vahteris). Pasikalbėjimas buvo grynai informacinio pobūdžio, be nutarimų ar susitarimų.
 �Naujienos" nr. 192 Chicago, 1969.VIII.19. � Buvusi Prūsija perkirsta Potsdam'o linija. Žemėlapis � Sugrįžti į pradžią �
 Siektinos Lietuvos žemėlapis � Sugrįžti į pradžią � Iš buvusio JAV prezidento H. S. Truman'o raštų � Sugrįžti į pradžią
 Mr. President. The first publication from the Personal diares, private letters, papers and revealing interviews of Harry S. Truman. By W i 11 i a m H ul I man. New York, 1952. (From pages 22 and 52).
 March 16, 1948 MRS. FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT:
 I think if you will go over the history of the relationship between Russia and us you will find that every effort was made by President Roosevelt and bv me to get along with them. Certain agreements were entered into at Tehran and Yalta and so far as our part of those agreements is concerned we carried them out to the letter.
 When I arrived at Potsdam for that conference I found that the Poles, at the suggestion of Russia, had moved into eastern Germany and that Russia had taken over a section of eastern Poland. The agreement at Yalta provided for free and untrammeled elections in Rumania, Bulgaria, . . . and Poland. I found a totalitarian Soviet Government set up in Poland, in Rumania, . . . and in Bulgaria. Members of our commissions in Bulgaria and Rumania were treated as if they were stableboys by the Russians in control in those two countries. Russia has not kept faith with us.
 I myself discussed the Polish situation with the Polish Government in Potsdam and got no satisfaction whatever from them�yet we made certain agreements in regard to the government of Germany which we .have religiously tried to carry out. \\ e have been blocked at every point by the Russians. . . . The Russians have not carried out the agreements entered into at Potsdam. ... I shall go to the Congress tomorrow and state the facts. Beginning with my Message to the Congress on September 6, 1945, I have constantly informed the Congress and the country of our needs in order to make the United Nations work and to arrive at a peace for the welfare and benefit of every country in the world.
 The first decision I had to make after being sworn in at 7:09 P.M., April 12, 1945, was whether to have the United Nations Conference at San Francisco on April 25, 1945. The Charter of the United Nations is a document under which we could work and have peace if we could get Russian cooperation. Twenty-two vetoes have been exercised in the last two and one-half years by the Russian Government. As you know, I had to send Harry Hopkins to see Stalin in order to get Molotov to agree to the fundamental principles of the United Nations Charter.
 "...us. All considerations of revenge, all complaints of suffering were relatively unimportant, he said, compared with these considerations of high policy. He said he had no objection in principle to the proposal by me, but be asserted that there might be some improvements of a drafting nature.
 Stalin observed that Italy had committed great sins. It had committed some sins against the Russians. The Italians had fought on the Don and in the Ukraine, he pointed out, but it would be incorrect to be guided by injuries or feelings of retribution. Such feelings, he said, were poor advisers in politics. In politics, he continued, we should be guided by the calculation of forces. The ques ' >n then was whether we wanted Italy on the side of the United Nations. This determined everything, in his opinion, and the same principle applied to the other satellites.
 While Stalin was capable of making speeches about the German satellites�Bulgaria, Italy, Hungary�he always had his iron heel on those satellites which his Army had occupied so they could not turn around. His iron-heel policy had been extended to Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Bulgaria, Hungary, Rumania, and Czechoslovakia.
 Stalin pointed out that there had been many difficulties and sacrifices caused them by the satellite states. Rumania had used twenty-two divisions against them. At the termination of the war Hungary had twenty-six divisions, and still greater injuries were caused them by Finland. Of course, he said, if it had not been for the help of Finland. Germany could not have maintained the blockade at Leningrad. Finland had moved twenty-four divisions against Soviet troops. Bulgaria, he thought, should be punished for causing alarm to the Allies, Yugoslavia, and Greece. The armistice terms provided for reparations to be paid to these two countries, and he told us "not to worry, for the Russians would compel this payment."
 What he meant was that the Russians would steal it if they could not get it any other way.
 Stalin continued to speak for a considerable time. It was about the longest speech he was to make in the whole conference. He never used notes, although he might turn to Molotov or Vishinsky once in a while. He would talk for about five minutes, then Pavlov would translate. Stalin knew exactly what he wanted to say and what he wanted to obtain. He spoke in a quiet, inoffensive way.
 I stated that, as I understood the position, I had made a concrete proposal. The armistice agreement with Italy had been signed by the three governments represented here. The same was true of the other armistice arrangements. I had made a proposition, I repeated, with regard to Italy, and Marshal Stalin had made a proposal with regard to the others. ..."
 "...with the general line that I had taken in my statement. Churchill thought that the Kiel Canal should certainly be free and open and guaranteed by all the great powers. He attached great importance to the free navigation of the Danube and the Rhine. He felt that there was a great measure of agreement among the three powers on this subject.
 I said there was no doubt concerning agreement on the question of revising the Montreux Convention.
 Stalin said be wished to withhold any statement of opinion regarding my proposal, since he would want to read it attentively before discussing it. Stalin next brought up the question of the city of Koenigsberg. pointing out that this question had been discussed at the Teheran conference. The Russians complained that all their seaports in the Baltic froze over for a period each year and that they felt it neccessary to have at least one ice-free port at the expense of Germany. Stalin added that the Russians had suffered so much at the hands of Germany that they were anxious to have some piece of German territory as some small satisfaction to tens of millions of Soviet citizens. This had been agreed to. he said, by Roosevelt and Churchill at Teheran, and he was anxious to see this agreement approved at this conference.
 I said that I was ready to agree in principle, although it would be necessary to study the population affected and other related questions. Church-ill also agreed to the concession of an ice-free port to Russia. The only question, he said, was that of the legal occasion to transfer. The Soviet draft on this subject, he pointed out. would require each of us to admit that East Prussia did not exist and also to admit that the Koenigsberg area was not under the authority of the Allied Control Council in Ger-many. The draft, he pointed out. would commit us to the recognition of the incorporation of Lithuania into the Soviet Union. He pointed out that all these matters really belonged to the final peace settlement, but he wished to assure the marshal of his continued support of the Russian position in that part of the world. Stalin agreed that the matter would be settled at the peace conference and added that Russia was satisfied that the British and American governments approved.
 Molotov then announced that the Russian delegation wished to submit a paper on the question of Syria and Lebanon and proposed that the situation in these two countries be considered by a four-power conference of representatives of the United States Great Britain, the U.S.S.R.. and France, with the consent of France to be first obtained.
 Churchill said that the burden of defending Syria and Lebanon had fallen upon the shoulders of the British. At the time they entered Syria and Lebanon to throw out the Germans and the troops of Vichy, he said, they had made an arrangement with the French in which they both recog-..." � Iš buvusio JAV prezidento R. Nixon'o raštų � Sugrįžti į pradžią
 Volume I. Year of Decisions. Garden City, N.Y., 1955
 Twenty-two years later, when I was President. Pat and I flew to Independence to present Truman the piano he had played in the White House, for his presidential library. He was fighting a rough bout with flu, but his flair for pithy plain speaking was uridiminished. I knew thai, ho had long since changed his opinion of the Soviets. In '969 he told me, "The Russians are liars you can't trust them. At Potsdam they agreed to everything and broke their word. It's too bad the second world power is like this, but that's the way it is. and we must keep our strength.''
 The Memoirs of Richard Nixon, p. 44. New York, 1978. � V. K. Vakario straipsnis � Sugrįžti į pradžią
 Apie Potsdam'e 1945 metais įvykdytą neteisybę spausdinta įvairioje lietuvių spaudoje V. K. Vakaris, straipsnyje: Turi būti atitaisytos Antrojo Pasaulinio karo neteisybės, �Laisvosios Lietuvos" nr. 17 (1589), Chicago, 1990.VIII.30:
 Tebevykstant Antram Pasauliniam karui, JAV-ės, Anglija ir Sovietų Sąjunga įvairiai tarėsi,kaip nugalėti jų karo priešininkus-Vokietiją, Italiją ir Japoniją. Svarbiausieji jų pasitarimai įvyko Teherane, Jaltoje ir Potsdame. Čia jie labai trumpai aptariami. Lietuvių tautai ypatingai skaudžios Potsdamo konferencijos išdavos, apvainikavusios ankstesnius JAV-ių ir jos karinių sąjungininkų pasitarimus.
 Būsimoje Taikos konferencijoje tos klaidos turės būti atitaisytos - prie ne-priklausomos Lietuvos priskirta buvu-sioji Prūsija iki Vyslos. Iš ten kolo -nistai turės būti sugrąžinti į jų kilmės kraštus. Šimtmečiais lietuvių tautos genčių apgyventos Žemės turi priklau-syti lietuvių tautai, o ne slavams ir ne vokiečiams.
 Teherano konferencija, įvykusi 1943. XI. 28-XII. l d. d., padėjo pagrindus rusiško komunizmo piėtimuisi, vadovaujant tautų žudikui Stalinui. JAV-ių: ir Anglijos vyriausybių bei kariškų vadovybių galvos naiviai ir lengvai sutiko su bolševikų parengtais spąstais naikinti Europą ligi Elbės upės. Taigi vadinami vakariečiai nusileido rusiš-kam komunizmui. Ten buvo padėti pagrindai ir laisvos, nepriklausomos Lietuvos "laikinam" sunaikinimui. Projektavo Lietuvos sąskaiton padi-dinti Lenkiją ir sukurti naują komunistinę valstybę-Gudiją.
 Jaltos konferencija įvyko 1945. II. 4-11 dienomis . Konferencijai pirmininkavęs JAV prezidentas Roosevelt'as pasiūlė suskaldyti dar nenugalėtą Vokietiją ir ją užkrauti tokiomis duoklėmis, kad Vokietijos gyventoją standartas neviršytų Sovietų Sąjungos standarto.
 Toliau JAV, Anglija ir Sovietų Sąjunga pakartojo Atlanto Chartos principus. (Atlanto Charta paskelbta 1941. VIII. 14 d. JAV prez. Roosevelt'o ir Angi-jos min. pirm. Churcill'io. Ja pasisa-kyta, kad nesiekiama jokio teritorinio padidėjimo, nesuderinamo su suinteresuotų tautų laisvai pareikšta valia. Kiekviena tauta turi teisę pasirinkti tokią valdymosi formą, kokia jai tinkamiausia. Pavergtoms tautoms turi būti suteikta teisė atsisakyti. Būsimoji talka turi užtikrinti kiekvienai tautai saugų gyvenimą jos sienose, taip pat ir visų šalių Žmonėms gyvenimą be baimės . Tautos turi atsisakyti jėgos panaudojimo tarpvalstybiniams san-tykiams spręsti. 1942.1.1 d. po ja pasirašė ir Sovietų Rusiją).
 Jaltos konferencijos metu Stalinas pareiškė, kad mažosios valstybės nevertos sėdėti prie konferencijų stalo, jei tenai yra didžiosios valstybės. Ro osevelt'as pareiškė, kad neteikiąs jo kios reikšmės Lenkijos valstybės tęstinumui.
 Buvo kalbama ir apie Lietuvą, bet nesant tikrų duomenų, nieko aiškaus nebuvo pasakyta.
 Potsdamo konferencija įvyko 1945. VII.17-VIII. 2 dienomis , kai Vokietija jau buvo kapituliavus .Vokietiją nutarė padalinti į 4 okupacines zonas: Sov.Sąjungos, JAV, Anglijos ir Prancūzijos . Reparacijų sąskaiton konfis -kuojamas visas Vokietijos valstybinis turtas ir pramonė. Sov. Sąjunga iš okupuotų zonų gali išsigabenti 25% pra-monės ir kitokių įrengimų. Tikrumoje jie išsigabeno jų Žymiai daugiau.
 Be kitko, Sov. Sąjungai pavesta laikinai administruoti šiaurinės Prūsijos dalį su Karaliaučiumi, o likusi Prūsijos dalis pavesta laikinai administruoti Lenkijai. Padarytas nedovanotinai skaudus ir neteisingas nuosprendis lietuvių tautos sąskaiton, nes mūsų tautos genčių prūsų Žemės leistos laikinai administruoti slavams , t. y. buvusius okupuotus Prūsijos plotus perleido kitiems okupantams: ru sams ir lenkams . Taigi, komunistų okupuota Lietuva buvo sužnybta raudonomis vergijos replėmis ir iš Vakarų pusės.
 Šioje Potsdamo konferencijoje JAV ir Anglija komunistinės Sovietų Sąjungos vergijai atidavė apie 200mil.buvusių lalsvų, nepriklausomų Europos gyventojų. Begėdiškiausia vakariečių, save be paliovos begarsinančių demokratiškomis šalimis, prekyba jiems nepriklausiančiais žmonėmis liks kaip amžina gėda. Likimas parodys, ar už tai nebus Aukščiausiojo nubaus-ti.
 Po to rusai-komunlstai dar barbariškiau pradėjo naikinti išlikusius gyventojus šiaurinėje Prūsijos dalyje. Į tenai privežė šimtus tūkstančių kolonistų ir daug kariuomenės. Prlstatė kąriškų bazių. Vietovardžius pakeitė okupantų primestais rusiškais pavadinimais, neturinčiais jokio istorinio bei geografinio pagrindo. Pasaulyje melagišklausiomis priemonėmis, įs -kaltytinai "moksliškas" knygas ir žemėlapius, kuriomis aprūpina įvairių valstybių valdiškas įstaigas, universitetų ir miestų bibliotekas, stengiasi paskleisti melo mitą, norint sumažinti ar panaikinti teisėtas lietuvių tautos teises į tas buv. Prūsijos žemes.
 Tolygiai elgiasi Ir Lenkija, platinanti daug ir kruopščiai paruoštos literatūros dabar okupuotose pietinės Prūsi -jos srities žemėse.Nusmaigsto gausiomis citatomis, stropiai jų "istorikų" ir kitokių "mokslininkų" parinktomis ir pritaikytomis siekiamam tikslui. Nedovanotinai iškreipia istorines ir geografines tiesas, stengdamiesi tų sričių praeitį nupaišyti lenkiškomis istorijos spalvomis. � B. Žilėno straipsnis � Sugrįžti į pradžią
 Bernardas Žilėnas, pagal Wi n s t o n
 Churchill'io raštus parengė
 straipsnį �Lemtingas sprendimas, spausdino �Siaurės Atėnai" nr. 14. Vilnius, 1990:
 Potsdamo susitikimo datą, žinoma, labiausiai norėjau paankstinti dėl to, kad amerikiečių armija galėjo netrukus pradėti trauktis iš okupuotos teritorijos į tą zoną, kuri jai buvo skirta pagal ankstesnį susitarimą. /.. ./ Bijojau, kad bet kurią dieną Vašingtone gali būti nuspręsta užleisti šį didžiulį plotą � 400 mylių ilgio ir, plačiausioje vietoje, 120 mylių į gilumą. Jame buvo milijonai vokiečių ir čekų. Jį atidavus, tarp mūsų ir Lenkijos susidarytų platus barjeras, praktiškai užkertantis mums galimybę daryti įtaką jos likimui. Pasikeitęs Rusijos elgesys su mumis, nuolatiniai Jaltos susitarimų pažeidimai, bandymas prasiveržti į Daniją /.../, savivaliavimas Austrijoje, grėsmingas maršalo Tito spaudimas Trieste,� man ir mano patarėjams atrodė, jog visa tai sukūrė naują situaciją, anaiptol ne tokią, kurioje prieš dvejus metus buvo numatyta pasidalinti okupacijos zonomis.
 Izoliuotu veiksmu atiduoti visą Vokietijos centrą ir branduolį � ne, visos Europos centrą ir kertinį akmenį � man atrodė rimtas ir neapdairus sprendimas. Tam ryžtis buvo leistina tik bendros ir stabilios sutarties kontekste. Antraip mes į Potsdamą nuvažiuosim be jokio kozirio ir Europos taikos perspektyvą prarasime be kovos. Tačiau tai priklausė ne nuo manės. Mūsų pajėgos toje teritorijoje buvo nereikšmingos � amerikiečių armija turėjo tris milijonus, o mūsų tik vieną. Aš tegalėjau pirmiausia prašyti paankstinti �trijulės" susitikimo datą, o jeigu tai nepavyks, atidėti pasitraukimą, kol bus galima spręsti visą kompleksą problemų, visiems kartu, atvirai ir lygiomis sąlygomis.
 Kokia padėtis, praėjus aštuoneriems metams? Europoje rusų okupacijos linija tiesiasi nuo Liubeko iki Linco. Čekoslovakija praryta visa Baltijos valstybės, Lenkija, Rumunija ir Bulgarija paverstos satelitinėmis valstybėmis su totalitariniais komunistiniais režimais. /.../ Jugoslavija nutrūko nuo grandinės. Tik Graikija išgelbėta Iš mūsų armijų nieko nelikę, ir reiktų daug laiko vėl suburti bent šešiasdešimt divizijų prieš rusų pajėgas, kurios daug pranašesnės skaičiumi ir ginkluote. Čia jau nekalbu apie tai, kas atsitiko Tolimuosiuose Rytuose. Tik atominė bomba saugo mus it baisingas skydas. Tokiomis nepalankiomis sąlygomis, atsveriamomis tik šio naujo siaubingo ginklo, trečiojo pasaulinio karo grėsmė meta tamsų šešėlį ant laisvųjų pasaulio kraštų. Taigi pergalės akimirką išleidome geriausią ir galbūt paskutinę galimybe siekti ilgalaikės pasaulio taikos. Birželio 4 dieną JAV prezidentui nusiunčiau tokią telegramą, kurios žodžiais dabar mažai kas abejotų.
 Šiemet sukanka 45 metai nuo Antrojo pasaulinio karo pabaigos. Europoje karo pabaiga laikoma gegužės 8 d. (bet, žinoma, nešvenčiamą), Sovietų Sąjungoje švenčiama 9 d., kadangi būtent tą dieną 1945 m. Maskvoje įvyko pergalės paradas. Reikšmingesnis nesutapimas yra dėl karo su Japonija pabaigos. Sovietų Sąjunga, norėdama pavaizduoti, kad karas baigėsi ne dėl amerikiečių numestų atominių bombų, karo pabaiga laiko rugsėjo 2 d., kai buvo pasirašytas kapituliacijos aktas, nors iš esmės karas baigėsi rugpjūčio 15 d., kai kapituliaciją paskelbė Japonijos imperatorius.
 Pateikiame ištraukas iš Winstono Churchill'io �Antrojo pasaulinio karo istorijos" šeštojo tomo (�Triumfas ir tragedija"), išleisto 1953 m. Būtent tais metais už istorinius veikalus jam buvo suteikta Nobelio premija. Churchill'is niekada neturėjo iliuzijų dėl Sovietų Sąjungos ir, ypač baigiantis karui, gerai įžvelgė jos grobuoniškas užmačias. Deja, ir prezidentas Roosevelt'as (miręs 1945 m. balandžio mėn.), ir jį pakeitęs H. Trumanas vis turėjo vilčių, kad ne tik karo metu, bet ir vėliau su Stalinu bus galima normaliai bendradarbiauti.
 Ministras pirmininkas prezidentui Trumanui
 1945 m. birželio 4 d.Esu tikras, kad Jūs suprantate, kodėl aš noriu, kad susitikimas įvyktų anksčiau � liepos 3 arba 4 d. Amerikiečių armijos atsitraukimas į savo zoną centriniame sektoriuje man kelia didelį nerimą � šitaip sovietai užims Vakarų Europos branduolį ir viską į rytus nuo mūsų užsklęs geležine uždanga. Tikiuosi, kad šį atsitraukimą, jeigu jis būtinas, galima susieti su daug platesne sutartimi, nusakančia tikrus pasaulio taikos pagrindus. Kol kas dėl svarbiausių dalykų dar nesusitarta, tad Jums ir man tenka didelė atsakomybė dėl ateities.
 Šį požiūrį dar sustiprinau, primindamas aikštingą rusų elgesį Vienoje. /.../
 Birželio 12 d. prezidentas atsakė.
 Jis teigė, jog trišalė sutartis dėl Vokietijos okupacijos, aprobuota prezidento Roosevelto po ilgų svarstymų ir išsamių diskusijų su manimi, neleidžia atidėti amerikiečių kariuomenės atitraukimo iš sovietų zonos. /.../ Patarėjai jį informavę, jog, atidedami atsitraukimą iki susitikimo liepos mėnesį, galėtume pakenkti mūsų santykiams su Sovietų Sąjunga, ir jis ketinąs pranešti Stalinui apie atsitraukimą.
 Siame dokumente buvo siūloma, kad mes tuoj pat palieptumėme savo armijoms atsitraukti į nustatytas zonas. /.../ Man tai buvo skaudus smūgis, bet teko susitaikyti su tuo.
 1945 m. birželio 14 d.
 Suprantame, kad turime susitaikyti su Jūsų sprendimu, ir atitinkamai informuosime armiją.
 2. Nėra tikslu teigti, kad trišalis susitarimas dėl Vokietijos okupacijos zonų buvo �ilgai svarstomas ir detaliai aptartas" prezidento Roosevelto su manimi. Kvebeke apie tai kalbėjome labai trumpai ir tik anglų ir amerikiečių zonų klausimais, kurių ligtoliniame susirašinėjime prezidentas nenorėjo kelti. Juos pavedėm Jungtinei štabo vadovybei, kuri dėl susitarimų neprieštaravo. /.../
 Verta paminėti ir prisiminti sąjungininkų pagalbą Rusijai. Pradžioje buvo daug nuostolių, bet 1944 ir 1945 metais, kai laivai plaukdavo tik tamsiais žiemos mėnesiais, nuostoliai buvo nedideli. Per visą karą Arkties maršrute praradome 91 prekybinį, laivą � 7,8% pak-rautų laivų, plaukiančių j Rusiją, ir 3,8% grįžtančių. /.../ Šiame sunkiame darbe Britanijos prekybinis laivynas neteko 829 gyvybių, o karo laivynas dar daugiau. Buvo paskandinti du kreiseriai ir 17 kitų karo laivų, žuvo 1840 kareivių ir karininkų.
 Keturiasdešimt reisų vien iš Britanijos gabeno į Rusiją pagalbos už 428 milijonus svarų, tarp jų 5 000 tankų ir 7 000 lėktuvų. Pateikiu apytikslius skaičius.
 Kroviniai, išsiųsti iš Britanijos ir JAV
 Kroviniai, prarasti pakeliui
 300.000 tonų
 10.000 tonų
 viso: 4.000.000
 viso: 300.000
 Apie Potsdam'o konferenciją ir su tuo susijusius įvykius yra daug rašinių, knygų, duomenų įvairiomis kalbomis. � Vardynas � Sugrįžti į pradžią
 Arnašius Jurgis (1872-1934)
 Lietuvos spaudos darb., Mažosios Lietuvos Tautinės tarybos narys - Tilžės Akto signataras
 Audėnas (iki 1939 metų Audickas) Juozas (1898-1982) Ekonomistas visuomenininkas, Lietuvos išeivis Amerikoje
 Banaitis Mikas
 Tilžės Akto signataras
 Bendikas E.
 Bielskis Julius
 Budreckis Algirdas Susivienijimo Lietuvių Amerikoje (SLA) narys
 Čang Kai-Ši (Jang Jieshi) (1887-1975) Kinijos kariuomenės vadas kovoje prieš japonų okupaciją, generalisimas
 Čerčilis (Churchill) Vinstonas Leonardas (1874-1965)
 Didžiosios Britanijos karinis ir politinis veikėjas, 1908-22 m. užėmęs įvairių ministrų postus, 1940-45 ir 1951-55 m. ministras pirmininkas
 Dargis P.
 Susivienijimo Lietuvių Amerikoje (SLA) narys, pirmininkas
 Deivikas L.
 Deivikas Mikelis
 Didžys V.
 Dunin-Karwicki J.
 Eizenhaueris (Eizenhower) Deividas Dvaitas, (1890-1969)
 JAV karinis ir politinis veikėjas, armijos generolas, II pasaulinio karo amerikiečių kariuomenės vadas Europoje, 1953-61 m. JAV prezidentas
 Epšteinas J. (Epštein)
 Etlis (Attlee) Klementas Ričardas (1885-1967)
 Didžiosios Britanijos valstybinis veikėjas, 1945-51 m. ministras pirmininkas, rėmęs NATO organizacijos sukūrimą
 Mažosios Lietuvos visuomenės veikėjas, Tilžės Akto signataras
 Grigaitis Pijus (1883-1969)
 Žurnalistas, Amerikos Lietuvių Tarybos (ALTos) narys, sekretorius
 Grigalius J.
 Advokatas, visuomeninkas, Amerikos Lietuvių Tarybos (ALTos) vicepirmininkas
 Grinius K. (1866-1950)
 Nepriklausomos Lietuvos Seimo deputatas, 1926 m. Respublikos prezidentas
 Gronavas Jurgis
 Šios knygos autorius, lietuvių rašytojas, istorikas ir žurnalistas Amerikoje
 Halas (Hull)
 Halmenas (Hullman) Wiljamas
 Hopkinsas (Hophins) Haris Loidas (1890-1946)
 JAV valstybinis veikėjas, 1938-40 m. prekybos ministras, 1941-45 m. prezidento Ruzvelto asmeninis patarėjas, dalyvavo Teherano, Jaltos ir Potsdamo konferencijose
 Jagomastas Enzys (1870-1941)
 Mažosios Lietuvos kultūros veikėjas, redaktorius ir leidėjas, Tilžės Akto signataras, vokiečių nacistų sušaudytas su šeima Vilniuje
 Jankus Martynas (1858-1946)
 Mažosios Lietuvos patri-jarchas, aušrininkas, M. Lietuvos Gelbėjimo komiteto pirmininkas 1923 m., Mažosios ir Didžiosios Lietuvos susivienijimo šalininkas, Tilžės Akto signataras
 Jurgėla C. R. (Kostas Rudaminas)
 Istorikas, �Amerikos Balso" lietuvių tarnybos direktorius, (1951-79), VLIKo pirmininkas politiniams reikalams
 Juška J.
 Leninas (UIjanov) Vladimiras Iljičius (1870-1924)
 K. Markso ir F. Engelso darbų tęsėjas, Rusijos bolševikų partijos ideologas ir organizatorius bei generalinis sekretorius, Sovietų Sąjungos įkūrėjas ir Liaudies Komisarų tarybos pirmininkas, pirmasis pasaulyje žmonių kankinimo ir naikinimo konclagerių organizatorius, �proletariato diktatūros" priedangoje grąžinęs šaliai baudžiavą (kolchozai) ir vergiją (konclageriai)
 Lėbartas Jurgis (1869-1945)
 Spaustuvininkas, 1923 m. sukilimo Vyriausiojo Gelbėjimo komiteto narys, Tilžės Akto signataras
 Lymantas Mikelis
 Kainiškys D.
 Kaslas B. J.
 Kelas (Curl) Piteris
 Kiupelis Kristupas
 Klečkus M.
 Ekonomistas, visuomenininkas, Lietuvos Rezistencinės Santarvės vyr. k-to pirmininkas, D. Britanijos lietuvių sąjungos tarybos narys
 Kvietkus W.
 Mačiulis Mikelis
 Margys Jurgis
 Marksas (Marx) Karlas (1818-1883)
 Komunistinės ideologijos (marksizmo) pradininkas, Komunistų partijos įkūrėjas ir jos pirmosios programos sudarytojas, kurią paskelbė kaip �Komunistų partijos manifestą". Svarbiausias jo veikalas �Kapitalas"
 Molotovas (Skriabin) Viačeslavas (1890-1990)
 Vienas artimiausių J. Stalino bendradarbių ir jo politikos vykdytojų, buvo Sovietų Sąjungos užsienio reikalų komisaras, pasirašęs su Ribentropu draugystės ir bendradarbiavimo sutartį ir jos slaptuosius protokolus, lemtingus Pabaltijo tautoms
 Nemickas Bronius
 Teisininkas, visuomenės veikėjas, VLIKo narys, vicepirmininkas
 Niksonas (Nixon Richard) Ričardas Milhausas (g. 1913)
 JAV valstybinis veikėjas, senatorius, 1953-61 viceprezidentas, 1969-74 prezidentas. 1991 m., po sausio 13-osios kruvinųjų įvykių, aplankė Lietuvą
 Olis Antanas (1898-1958)
 Teisininkas, Amerikos Lietuvių Tarybos (ALTos) narys, vicepirmininkas, BALFo įkūrėjas ir di -rektorius, vėliau vicepirmininkas...
 Oviečka I. (Ovečko)
 Ukrainiečių žurnalistas Amerikoje
 Pakarklis P. (1902-1955)
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