jurisdiction: US

text:
 FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION
 47 CFR Part 100
 [IB Docket 98-21; FCC 00-426]
 Non-Conforming Use of Direct Broadcast Satellite Service Spectrum
 AGENCY:
 Federal Communications Commission.
 ACTION:
 Notice of proposed rulemaking.
 SUMMARY:
 The Federal Communications Commission is evaluating the rules and regulations governing the Direct Broadcast Satellite service. Since the Notice of Proposed Rulemaking was adopted in 1998, new issues have arisen concerning non-conforming use of the spectrum allocated to the Direct Broadcast Satellite service. This Public Notice seeks comment on this additional issue.
 DATES:
 Comments may be filed on or before March 5, 2001; Reply Comments may be filed on or before March 14, 2001.
 ADDRESSES:
 Electronic comments may be filed using the Commission's Electronic Comment Filing System (ECFS). Comments filed through the ECFS can be sent as an electronic file via Internet to http://www.fcc.gov/e-file/ecfs.html. All other filings must be sent to Office of the Secretary, Federal Communications Commission, 445 12th St., SW., rm. TW-A325, Washington, DC 20554.
 FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
 Selina Khan of the International Bureau at 202-418-7282.
 SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
 This is a summary of the Commission's Public Notice in IB Docket No. 98-21, FCC 00-426 (released December 8, 2000).
 On February 26, 1998, the Commission released a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking 1
 (Part 100 Notice) seeking comment on its proposal to integrate the direct broadcast satellite (“DBS”) service rules incorporated in part 100 of the Commission's rules into part 25 (Satellite Communications) and to streamline and eliminate any unnecessary DBS rules. In addition, the Commission sought comment on its proposal to apply the revised part 1 general auction rules to DBS and eliminate separate DBS auction rules. By applying the parts 1 and 25 application processing and licensing procedures to the DBS service, the Commission seeks to simplify procedures applicable to DBS, eliminate unnecessary paperwork, and harmonize the DBS licensing process with the licensing processes for other satellite services.
 1 See In re Policies and Rules for the Direct Broadcast Satellite Service, Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, IB Docket No. 98-21, 63 FR 11202 (March 6, 1998), 13 FCC Rcd. 6907 (1998) (Part 100 Notice).
 The Commission received significant comment on the issues raised in this proceeding. Since that time, however, another issue has arisen as a result of the continuing evolution of the DBS industry. In particular, the public has made inquires about other potential uses of DBS spectrum. Accordingly, by this Public Notice, the Commission seeks to augment the record in the Part 100 Notice on this issue. Specifically, we seek additional comment on the issue of non-conforming uses of DBS spectrum. Under the current policy, a DBS operator must begin DBS operations within five years of receipt of its license, but may otherwise make unrestricted use of the spectrum prior to expiration of the five-year period. After this initial five-year period, a DBS licensee “may continue providing non-DBS service during the remainder of the life of its first satellites (presuming its license is renewed) only on those transponders on which [it] continues to provide DBS service, and that non-DBS use cannot exceed fifty percent of each 24-hour day on any such transponder.” 2
 In accordance with this policy, the Commission has stated that it would consider continuing “to permit some degree of non-conforming use of DBS satellites during future generations given the circumstances prevailing at that time.” 3
 2 Petition of United States Satellite Broadcasting Company, Inc. for Declaratory Ruling Regarding Permissible Uses of the Direct Broadcast Satellite Service, 1 FCC Rcd 977 (1996 USSB Declaratory Ruling) at ¶ 13. See also In the Matter of Rules and Policies for the Direct Broadcast Satellite Service, 60 FR 65587 (December 20, 1995), 11 FCC Rcd 9712 (1995) (DBS Auction Order) at ¶ 17.
 3 USSB Declaratory Ruling, supra n. 2. at ¶ 13.
 The Commission established its “non-conforming use” policy in a series of three decisions: (1) 1986 USSB Declaratory Ruling; 4
 (2) 1991 Potential Uses of DBS Order; 5
 and (3) 1995 DBS Auction Order.
 6
 This policy, which was adopted when DBS was still in its infancy, was intended to provide DBS operators with a source of early revenues that could, in turn, help operators meet the very high up-front costs of launching a DBS system and reduce the risk of monetary loss if the DBS service proved unsuccessful. The Commission has since recognized that DBS is no longer in its early stages.7
 Rather, it is an established competitor to cable. Consequently, we question whether the original justification for the non-conforming use policy continues to be valid. In addition, we ask for comment on whether there are now other reasons to continue and perhaps even expand the non-conforming use policy. For example, advances in technology, ability to compete with cable services, and new service offerings, may warrant revisiting this policy.
 4 See generally USSB Declaratory Ruling, supra n. 2.
 5 In the Matter of Potential Uses of Certain Orbital Allocations by Operators in the Direct Broadcast Satellite Service, 6 FCC Rcd 2581 (1991) (1991 Potential Uses of DBS Order).
 6 See DBS Auction Order, supra n. 2 at ¶ 17; See also In the Matter of Revision of Rules and Policies for the Direct Broadcast Satellite Service, Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, 60 FR 55822 (November 3, 1995), 11 FCC Rcd 1297 (1995).
 7 See, e.g. Part 100 Note.
 By this Public Notice, we request comment on non-DBS services. Specifically, we seek comment on whether we should eliminate, relax, or maintain time or other restrictions on satellite uses of DBS spectrum. We seek comment on the appropriateness of such restrictions before and after the initial five years of the license term, particularly at those orbital locations in the western arc that are currently under-utilized. Commenters should address whether permitting flexible use of DBS spectrum will enhance or impede competition in the multi-channel video programming distribution (MVPD) market. Commenters should address the types of non-DBS services likely to be provided, and whether these services could result in corresponding benefits to MVPD or other competition. We also request comment on whether we should limit other uses to the fixed-satellite service (FSS), as permitted by the U.S. Table of Frequency Allocations.8
 Moreover, if we allow non-conforming uses of DBS spectrum, should we require those services to conform to the interference criteria associated with DBS, the primary service. We note that two DBS licensees are providing full and robust DBS from locations capable of serving the contiguous United States (CONUS), but that locations in the western portion of the orbital arc that are not capable of serving the East Coast are under-utilized. Commenters should address whether a flexible use policy will help ensure that these western locations are used more efficiently. Commenters should address whether we should apply a flexible use policy to all of the orbit locations available for DBS service or only to the western orbital locations. Commenters should also address whether and to what extent permitting other use of DBS spectrum will impact the Commission's geographic service rules.9
 Finally, if we apply a flexible use policy to all U.S. orbit locations, should we apply this policy to foreign licensed facilities that are permitted to serve the U.S. (i.e. those satellite systems licensed in Argentina and Mexico).10
 Commenters should support their views with concrete analysis and documentation.
 8 47 CFR 2.106.
 9 47 CFR 100.53.
 10 See Protocol Concerning the Transmission and Reception of Signals from Satellites for the Provision of Direct-to-Home Satellite Services in the United States of America and United Mexican States (November 8, 1996), Article VI; Agreement Between the Government of the Argentine Republic Concerning the Provision of Satellite Facilities and the Transmission and Reception of Signals to and from Satellites for the Provision of Satellite Service to Users in the United States of America and the Republic of Argentina (June 5, 1998), Article VI.
 Procedural Matters
 Pursuant to §§ 1.415 and 1.419 of the Commission's rules, 47 CFR 1.415, and 1.419, interested parties may file Supplemental Comments, limited to the issues addressed in this Public Notice, no later than March 5, 2001. Supplemental Reply Comments must be filed no later than March 14, 2001. In view of the pendency of this proceeding, we expect to adhere to the schedule set forth in this Public Notice and do not contemplate granting extensions of time. Comments should reference IB Docket No. 98-21 and should include the FCC number shown on this Public Notice. Comments may be filed using the Commission's Electronic Comment Filing System (ECFS).11
 Comments filed through the ECFS can be sent as an electronic file via Internet to http://www.fcc.gov/e-file/ecfs.html. In completing the transmittal screen, parties responding should include their full name, mailing address, and the applicable docket number, IB Docket 98-21. Parties who choose to file by paper must file an original and four copies of each filing. If more than one docket or rulemaking appear in the caption of this proceeding, commenters must submit two additional copies for each additional docket or rulemaking number. All filings must be sent to the Commission's Secretary, Magalie Roman Salas. Office of the Secretary, Federal Communications Commission, 445 12th St., SW., rm. TW-A325, Washington, DC 20554. One copy of all comments should also be sent to the Commission's copy contractor. Copies of all filings are available for public inspection and copying during regular business hours at the FCC Reference Information Center, Portals II, 445 12th Street, SW., Washington, DC 20554, telephone 202-857-3800, facsimile 202-857-3805.
 11 See Electronic Filing of Documents in Rulemaking Proceeding, 63 FR 24121 (May 1, 1998).
 In the Part 100 Notice, the Commission presented an Initial Regulatory Flexibility Analysis,12
 as required by the Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA).13
 If commenters believe that the proposals discussed in this Public Notice require additional RFA analysis, they should include a discussion of these issues in their Supplemental Comments.
 12 Part 100 Notice, 13 FCC Rcd at 6907.
 13 See 5 U.S.C. 603. The RFA, see 5 U.S.C. 601 et seq., has been amended by the Contract With America Advancement Act of 1996, Public Law No. 104-121, 110 Stat. 847 (1996) (CWAAA). Title II of the CWAAA is the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996 (SBREFA).
 For ex parte purposes, this proceeding continues to be a “permit-but-disclose” proceeding, in accordance with § 1.1200(a) of the Commission's rules, and is subject to the requirements set forth in § 1.1206(b) of the Commission's rules.
 Federal Communications Commission.
 Magalie Roman Salas,
 Secretary.
 [FR Doc. 01-2753 Filed 2-1-01; 8:45 am]
 BILLING CODE 6712-01-P


type: legislation

jurisdiction: EU

text:
 |
 52015PC0045
 Priekšlikums EIROPAS PARLAMENTA UN PADOMES REGULA, ar ko groza Regulu (EK) Nr. 1007/2009 par tirdzniecību ar izstrādājumiem no roņiem /* COM/2015/045 final - 2015/0028 (COD) */
 PASKAIDROJUMA RAKSTS
 1. PRIEKŠLIKUMA KONTEKSTS
 Eiropas Parlamenta un Padomes 2009. gada
 16. septembra Regula (EK) Nr. 1007/2009 par tirdzniecību ar
 izstrādājumiem no roņiem nosaka vispārēju aizliegumu minēto
 izstrādājumu laišanai Savienības tirgū ("pamatregula").
 Pamatregula paredz, ka no vispārējā aizlieguma ir atbrīvoti
 izstrādājumi no roņiem, kuri iegūti medībās, ko tradicionāli
 piekopj inuītu un citas iezemiešu kopienas un kas palīdz tām
 iegūt iztiku ("IK izņēmums"). Pamatregulā
 paredzēti arī izņēmumi attiecībā uz tādu
 izstrādājumu importu, kas iegūti no roņiem, kuri
 nomedīti tikai ar mērķi nodrošināt jūras resursu
 ilgtspējīgu pārvaldību, bez nolūka gūt
 peļņu un bez komerciāla nolūka ("RIP
 izņēmums"), kā arī uz gadījuma rakstura importu,
 kurā ietilpst tikai tādas preces, ko ceļotāji vai viņu
 ģimenes izmanto personīgām vajadzībām.
 Īstenošanas regulā — Komisijas 2010. gada 10. augusta
 Regulā (ES) Nr. 737/2010 — paredzēti sīki noteikumi
 par to, kā īstenot pamatregulu ("īstenošanas regula").
 Abus tiesību aktus (kopā saukti par "ES
 roņu izstrādājumu režīmu") Kanāda un
 Norvēģija apstrīdēja Pasaules Tirdzniecības
 organizācijā (PTO) strīdus lietā "EK —
 pasākumi, ar kuriem aizliedz izstrādājumu no roņiem importu
 un laišanu tirgū" (DS400 un DS401). 2014. gada 18. jūnijā
 PTO Strīdu izšķiršanas padome (SIP) pieņēma ekspertu grupas
 un Apelācijas institūcijas ziņojumus. Lai gan PTO ziņojumos
 secināts, ka no roņiem iegūtu izstrādājumu aizliegumu
 principā var pamatot ar ētiskiem iebildumiem par roņu
 labturību, tomēr tajos iebilsts pret abiem
 izņēmumiem — IK izņēmumu un RIP izņēmumu.
 Konstatēts, ka RIP izņēmums nav pamatots, jo iespējamā
 starpība starp komerciālo medību un RIP medību (nelielos
 apmēros, bezpeļņas nolūkā) komerciālajiem
 aspektiem nav pietiekama, lai to varētu uzskatīt par pamatotu
 nošķīrumu. Runājot par IK izņēmumu, lai gan
 principā šajā gadījumā saprātīgs
 nošķīrums ir iespējams, Apelācijas institūcija
 lēma, ka šī izņēmuma formulējums un piemērošana
 dažos aspektos ir uzskatāma par "patvaļīgu un nepamatojamu
 diskrimināciju".
 Eiropas Savienība 2014. gada
 10. jūlijā paziņoja Strīdu izšķiršanas padomei,
 ka ir iecerējusi īstenot ieteikumus un nolēmumus, ko SIP
 pieņēmusi šajā strīdā, tādā veidā, lai
 būtu izpildīti ES pienākumi Pasaules tirdzniecības
 organizācijā.
 2014. gada 5. septembrī Eiropas
 Savienība, Kanāda un Norvēģija vienojās, ka
 pieņemams termiņš, kurā jāizpilda SIP ieteikumi un
 nolēmumi, būtu 16 mēneši. Tas nozīmē, ka
 pieņemamais termiņš pienāks 2015. gada
 18. oktobrī.
 Šī tiesību akta priekšlikuma mērķis ir
 izpildīt SIP ieteikumus un nolēmumus attiecībā uz
 pamatregulu. Ar to arīdzan tiek izveidots juridiskais pamats, lai Regulu
 (ES) Nr. 737/2010 varētu pieskaņot minētajiem
 nolēmumiem. Iebildumi pret RIP izņēmumu tiek novērsti
 tādējādi, ka RIP izņēmumu no pamatregulas svītro.
 Iebildumi pret IK izņēmuma formulējumu un piemērošanu tiek
 novērsti tādējādi, ka izņēmums tiek grozīts,
 proti, tā izmantošana tiek sasaistīta ar dzīvnieku
 labturību un tiek noteikti ierobežojumi no roņiem iegūtu
 izstrādājumu laišanai tirgū, ja medību apjomi vai citi
 apstākļi liecina, ka medības notiek galvenokārt
 komerciālos nolūkos. Bez tam Komisijas eksperti kopā ar
 ekspertiem no Kanādas strādā pie vajadzīgās sertifikācijas
 sistēmas, lai Kanādas inuīti varētu izmantot
 izņēmumu par inuītiem saskaņā ar ES roņu
 izstrādājumu režīmu.
 Bez tam ir nepieciešams izmantot šo
 iespēju, lai atsauci uz regulatīvo kontroles procedūru
 Regulā (EK) Nr. 1007/2009 salāgotu ar Līguma par Eiropas
 Savienības darbību (LESD) 290. pantu. Ņemot
 vērā, ka PTO nolēmumi ir jāizpilda ļoti īsā
 laikā, kā arī, lai likumdevējs priekšlikumu varētu
 pieņemt pēc iespējas ātrāk, Komisija
 izņēmuma kārtā šajā priekšlikumā ir iekļāvusi
 grozījumu, ko Parlaments ierosinājis saistībā ar
 priekšlikumu COM (2013)451 (šis priekšlikums attiecas arī uz Regulas (EK)
 Nr. 1007/2009 salāgošanu) par deleģējuma ilgumu.
 2. APSPRIEŠANĀS AR
 IEINTERESĒTAJĀM PERSONĀM UN IETEKMES NOVĒRTĒJUMU
 REZULTĀTI
 Ietekmes novērtējums nav veikts
 tāpēc, ka šis priekšlikums nav vis jauna politikas ierosme, bet gan ir
 nepieciešams, lai panāktu, ka ES pašreizējie tiesību akti ir
 saskaņā ar PTO nolēmumu, un tādējādi
 nodrošinātu, ka ir izpildītas Savienības starptautiskās
 saistības. Tā kā ar šo priekšlikumu tiek ieviesti nelieli grozījumi,
 nebija vajadzīgs jaunāks ietekmes novērtējums par to, ko
 izdarīja pirms pamatregulas pieņemšanas 2009. gadā.
 3. PRIEKŠLIKUMA JURIDISKIE
 ASPEKTI
 ·
 Juridiskais pamats
 Priekšlikuma juridiskais pamats ir Līguma par Eiropas
 Savienības darbību (LESD) 114. pants, kas bija
 pamatregulas — kura tiek grozīta ar šo priekšlikumu — juridiskais
 pamats. Saskaņā ar LESD 114. pantu Eiropas Parlaments un Padome
 saskaņā ar parasto likumdošanas procedūru pēc
 apspriešanās ar Ekonomikas un sociālo lietu komiteju paredz
 pasākumus, lai tuvinātu dalībvalstu normatīvos vai
 administratīvos aktus, kuri attiecas uz iekšējā tirgus izveidi
 un darbību. Pamatregula tika pieņemta, lai novērstu
 šķēršļus iekšējā tirgus darbībai, ko rada
 atšķirīgi valstu pasākumi, kuri reglamentē no roņiem
 iegūtu izstrādājumu tirdzniecību.
 ·
 Subsidiaritātes un proporcionalitātes
 principi
 Panākt, ka pamatregula atbilst PTO Strīdu
 izšķiršanas padomes ieteikumiem un nolēmumiem, iespējams tikai
 ar pamatregulas apstrīdēto elementu grozījumiem. Šis
 priekšlikums aprobežojas ar to, kas nepieciešams, lai panāktu
 apstrīdēto pasākumu saskaņošanu ar PTO noteikumiem.
 ·
 Juridisko instrumentu izvēle
 Ierosinātais juridiskais instruments: Eiropas
 Parlamenta un Padomes regula
 Citi instrumenti nav piemēroti, jo regulu var
 grozīt tikai ar tādu pašu instrumentu, t.i., regulu.
 4. IETEKME UZ BUDŽETU
 Priekšlikums neietekmē Eiropas
 Savienības budžetu.
 5. IZVĒLES ELEMENTI
 Neattiecas.
 2015/0028 (COD)
 Priekšlikums
 EIROPAS PARLAMENTA UN PADOMES REGULA,
 ar ko groza Regulu (EK) Nr. 1007/2009
 par tirdzniecību ar izstrādājumiem no roņiem
 (Dokuments attiecas uz EEZ)
 EIROPAS
 PARLAMENTS UN EIROPAS SAVIENĪBAS PADOME,
 ņemot
 vērā Līgumu par Eiropas Savienības darbību un jo
 īpaši tā 114. pantu,
 ņemot
 vērā Eiropas Komisijas priekšlikumu,
 pēc
 leģislatīvā akta projekta nosūtīšanas valstu
 parlamentiem,
 ņemot
 vērā Eiropas Ekonomikas un sociālo lietu komitejas atzinumu[1],
 saskaņā ar
 parasto likumdošanas procedūru,
 tā kā:
 (1) Eiropas Parlamenta un Padomes
 Regula (EK) Nr. 1007/2009[2]
 tika pieņemta, lai novērstu šķēršļus iekšējā
 tirgus darbībai, ko rada atšķirīgi valstu pasākumi, kuri
 reglamentē no roņiem iegūtu izstrādājumu
 tirdzniecību. Šie pasākumi tika pieņemti, atsaucoties uz
 sabiedrības ētiskajiem iebildumiem par dzīvnieku labturības
 aspektiem saistībā ar roņu nogalināšanu un
 iespējamību, ka tirgū ir produkti, kas iegūti no
 dzīvniekiem, kuri tiek nogalināti tādā veidā, kas
 sagādā pārmērīgas sāpes, stresu, bailes un citas
 ciešanas. Šādām bažām ir arī zinātniski
 pierādījumi, kas liecina, ka specifiskajos apstākļos,
 kādos parasti notiek roņu medības, patiesi humānus nogalināšanas
 paņēmienus nav iespējams konsekventi un efektīvi izmantot
 un piemērot. Lai sasniegtu minēto mērķi, ar Regulu (EK)
 Nr. 1007/2009 tika ieviests vispārējs aizliegums laist
 tirgū no roņiem iegūtus izstrādājumus.
 (2) Tajā pašā
 laikā roņu medības ir inuītu un citu iezemiešu kopienu
 kultūras un identitātes neatņemama sastāvdaļa un
 būtisks iztikas avots. Tāpēc roņu medības, ko
 tradicionāli piekopj inuīti un citas iezemiešu kopienas, neraisa
 sabiedrībā tādus ētiska rakstura iebildumus kā
 medības, ko piekopj galvenokārt komerciālos nolūkos. Bez
 tam ir plaši atzīts, ka saskaņā ar ANO Deklarāciju par
 pirmiedzīvotāju tautu tiesībām un citiem attiecīgiem
 starptautiskiem instrumentiem nav atļauts kaitēt inuītu un citu
 iezemiešu kopienu pamatinteresēm un sociālajām interesēm.
 Tāpēc Regula (EK) Nr. 1007/2009 izņēmuma
 kārtā ļauj laist tirgū izstrādājumus no
 roņiem, kuri iegūti medībās, ko tradicionāli piekopj
 inuīti un citas iezemiešu kopienas un kas palīdz tām
 nodrošināt iztiku.
 (3) Arī inuītu un citu
 iezemiešu kopienu piekoptajās medībās, tāpat kā
 visās citās roņu medībās, nav iespējams
 efektīvi un konsekventi izmantot patiesi humānus nogalināšanas
 paņēmienus. Tomēr, ņemot vērā Regulas (EK)
 Nr. 1007/2009 mērķus, ir lietderīgi noteikt, ka
 izstrādājumus, kas iegūti inuītu un citu iezemiešu kopienu
 rīkotās medībās, Savienības tirgū var laist ar
 nosacījumu, ka šīs medības notiek tā, lai pēc
 iespējas samazinātu medījamo dzīvnieku sāpes, stresu,
 bailes un citas ciešanas, tajā pašā laikā respektējot
 inuītu un citu iezemiešu kopienu tradicionālo dzīvesveidu un
 vajadzību pēc iztikas. Izņēmumam, kas attiecināts uz
 izstrādājumiem, kuri iegūti no inuītu un citu iezemiešu
 kopienu nomedītiem roņiem, būtu jāaprobežojas tikai ar
 tādām medībām, kas šīm kopienām palīdz
 nodrošināt iztiku, tātad netiek rīkotas galvenokārt
 komerciālos nolūkos. Tāpēc Komisijai ir jābūt
 iespējām vajadzības gadījumā ierobežot no roņiem
 iegūtu izstrādājumu daudzumu, kas laisti tirgū
 saskaņā ar minēto izņēmumu, lai nepieļautu, ka
 šis izņēmums tiek izmantots izstrādājumiem, kas iegūti
 medībās, ko rīko galvenokārt komerciālos nolūkos.
 (4) Regula (EK)
 Nr. 1007/2009 arī atļauj izņēmuma kārtā
 laist tirgū no roņiem iegūtus izstrādājumus
 gadījumos, kad medības tiek rīkotas tikai ar mērķi
 nodrošināt jūras resursu ilgtspējīgu pārvaldību.
 Lai gan ir atzīts, ka medības, ko rīko tikai ar mērķi
 nodrošināt jūras resursu ilgtspējīgu pārvaldību,
 ir nozīmīgas, tomēr praksē šādas medības ir
 grūti nošķirt no liela apjoma medībām, ko rīko galvenokārt
 komerciālos nolūkos. Tas var novest pie attiecīgo no roņiem
 iegūto izstrādājumu nepamatotas diskriminācijas. Tālab
 šāds izņēmums būtu jāsvītro. Tas
 neierobežo dalībvalstu tiesības arī turpmāk
 reglamentēt medības, ko rīko tikai ar mērķi
 nodrošināt jūras resursu ilgtspējīgu pārvaldību.
 (5) Lai paredzētu sīki
 izstrādātus noteikumus par no roņiem iegūtu
 izstrādājumu laišanu tirgū, pilnvaras pieņemt tiesību
 aktus saskaņā ar Līguma 290. pantu būtu
 jādeleģē Komisijai. Ir īpaši būtiski, lai Komisija rīkotu
 atbilstīgas apspriešanās, tostarp ekspertu līmenī. Komisijai, sagatavojot un izstrādājot
 deleģētos aktus, būtu jānodrošina vienlaicīga,
 savlaicīga un atbilstīga attiecīgo dokumentu
 nosūtīšana Eiropas Parlamentam un Padomei.
 (6) Tādēļ
 būtu attiecīgi jāgroza Regula (EK) Nr. 1007/2009,
 IR PIEŅĒMUŠI ŠO REGULU.
 1. pants
 Regulu (EK) Nr. 1007/2009 groza
 šādi:
 (1)
 regulas 3. pantu aizstāj ar šādu:
 "3. pants
 Tirgū
 laišanas nosacījumi
 1. Ir
 atļauts laist tirgū tikai tādus izstrādājumus no
 roņiem, kuri iegūti medībās, ko piekopj inuītu vai
 citas iezemiešu kopienas, ar noteikumu, ka ir izpildīti visi šie
 nosacījumi:
 (a)
 kopiena tradicionāli rīko šādas
 medības;
 (b)
 medības palīdz kopienai nodrošināt
 iztiku un netiek rīkotas galvenokārt komerciālos nolūkos;
 (c)
 medības tiek rīkotas tā, lai
 pēc iespējas samazinātu medījamo dzīvnieku sāpes,
 stresu, bailes un citas ciešanas, ņemot vērā kopienas
 tradicionālo dzīvesveidu un vajadzību pēc iztikas.
 Importētiem
 izstrādājumiem šos nosacījumus piemēro importēšanas
 laikā vai vietā.
 2. No roņiem iegūtu
 izstrādājumu imports ir atļauts arī tad, ja imports ir
 gadījuma rakstura un tajā ietilpst tikai tādas preces, ko
 ceļotāji vai viņu ģimenes izmanto personīgām
 vajadzībām. Šādu preču veids un daudzums neliecina par to,
 ka tās ieved komerciālā nolūkā.
 3. Šā panta 1. un 2. punkta
 piemērošana nekaitē šīs regulas mērķa sasniegšanai.
 4. Komisija ir pilnvarota pieņemt
 deleģētos aktus saskaņā ar 4.a pantu, lai noteiktu
 sīki izstrādātus noteikumus par no roņiem iegūtu
 izstrādājumu laišanu tirgū saskaņā ar 1. un
 2. punktu.
 5. Ja nomedīto roņu skaits,
 saskaņā ar 1. punktu tirgū laisto no roņiem
 iegūto izstrādājumu daudzums vai citi apstākļi
 liecina, ka medības tiek rīkotas galvenokārt komerciālos
 nolūkos, Komisija ir pilnvarota pieņemt deleģētos aktus
 saskaņā ar 4. pantu, lai ierobežotu šādās
 medībās iegūto izstrādājumu daudzumu, ko var laist
 tirgū.
 6. Komisija izdod tehniskus
 norādījumus, kuros ir indikatīvs saraksts ar tiem
 kombinētās nomenklatūras kodiem, kas varētu attiekties uz
 šajā pantā minētajiem izstrādājumiem no roņiem.";
 (2)
 iekļauj šādu 4.a pantu:
 "4.a pants
 Deleģēšanas īstenošana
 1. Pilnvaras pieņemt
 deleģētos aktus Komisijai piešķir, ievērojot šajā
 pantā izklāstītos nosacījumus.
 2. Pilnvaras pieņemt
 3. pantā minētos deleģētos aktus Komisijai
 piešķir uz piecu gadu laikposmu no [norādīt datumu - šīs
 regulas spēkā stāšanās diena]. Komisija
 vēlākais deviņus mēnešus pirms piecu gadu laikposma
 beigām sagatavo ziņojumu par pilnvaru deleģējumu. Pilnvaru
 deleģēšana tiek automātiski pagarināta uz tāda paša
 ilguma laikposmiem, ja vien Eiropas Parlaments vai Padome neiebilst pret
 šādu pagarinājumu vēlākais trīs mēnešus pirms
 katra laikposma beigām.
 3. Eiropas Parlaments vai Padome
 3. pantā minēto pilnvaru deleģējumu var atsaukt
 jebkurā laikā. Ar lēmumu par atsaukšanu izbeidz tajā
 norādīto pilnvaru deleģēšanu. Lēmums stājas
 spēkā nākamajā dienā pēc tā
 publicēšanas Eiropas Savienības Oficiālajā
 Vēstnesī vai vēlākā dienā, kas tajā
 norādīta. Tas neskar jau spēkā esošos deleģētos
 aktus.
 4. Tiklīdz Komisija
 pieņem deleģētu aktu, tā paziņo par to vienlaikus
 Eiropas Parlamentam un Padomei.
 5. Deleģētais akts,
 kas pieņemts saskaņā ar 3. pantu, stājas
 spēkā tikai tad, ja divu mēnešu laikā no dienas, kad
 minētais akts paziņots Eiropas Parlamentam un Padomei, ne Eiropas
 Parlaments, ne Padome nav izteikuši iebildumus vai ja pirms minētā
 laikposma beigām gan Eiropas Parlaments, gan Padome ir informējuši
 Komisiju par savu nodomu neizteikt iebildumus. Pēc Eiropas Parlamenta vai
 Padomes iniciatīvas šo laikposmu pagarina par diviem mēnešiem.";
 (3)
 regulas 5. pantu svītro.
 2. pants
 Šī regula stājas spēkā
 divdesmitajā dienā pēc tās publicēšanas Eiropas
 Savienības Oficiālajā Vēstnesī.
 Šī regula uzliek saistības
 kopumā un ir tieši piemērojama visās dalībvalstīs.
 Briselē,
 Eiropas Parlamenta vārdā – Padomes
 vārdā –
 priekšsēdētājs priekšsēdētājs
 [1] OV C [...], [...], [...].lpp.
 [2] Eiropas Parlamenta un Padomes 2009. gada
 16. septembra Regula (EK) Nr. 1007/2009 par tirdzniecību ar
 izstrādājumiem no roņiem (OV L 286, 31.10.2009.,
 36. lpp.).


type: wikipedia

text:
Kositar (od grč. naziva za mineral kasiterit; kassiteros) je srebrnobijela, veoma sjajna, elastična i mekana (tako reći plastična) kovina, niska tališta i visoka vrelišta. Kositar je važan metal u industriji i elektrotehnici.
 Povijest i osobine
 Kositrovo otkriće i uporaba sežu čak u brončano doba (~ 2000. godine prije Krista). Rimljani su ga zvali stagnum od čega je nastao latinski naziv stannum.
 Do 19. stoljeća korišten je i za izradu kuhinjskog posuđa, prije svega tanjura, zdjela te vrčeva za pivo, ali i sakralnih predmeta poput kaleža i piksida.
 U prirodi ga nalazimo samo u spojevima, i vrlo rijetko u elementarnom stanju, uglavnom je vezan u mineralu kasiteritu (SnO2). Maseni udio u Zemljinoj kori mu je 3 x 10−3 %.
 Kositar ima 10 prirodnih, stabilnih izotopa (maseni br. 112, 114 do 120 /najobilniji/, 122 i 124) i s dvadesetak radioizotopa. Nalazi se u dvjema stabilnim alotropskim modifikacijama: α-kositar (nemetalna siva; tzv. sivi kositar), a na temperaturi 13,2 °C prelazi u β-kositar (metalna bijela; tzv. bijeli kositar). U spojevima je dvovalentan i četverovalentan.
 Postojan (stabilan) je na zraku i u vodi, čija se izložena površina prevuče zaštitnim čvrstim slojem (tankim filmom) oksida. Oksidira se vrućom vodenom parom, zrakom ili kisikom (iznad 1300 °C). Kositar i njegovi oksidi su amfoterni.
 Otporan je na kemikalije, a u razrijeđenim se kiselinama otapa vrlo sporo, a u koncentriranima (dušična i klorovodična) i vrućim lužinama brže.
 Izravno se spaja s halogenim i halkogenim elementima.
 Dobivanje
 Dobiva se preradbom rude (minerala) kasiterita (SnO2) ili rabljenih kositrenih proizvoda. Zbog njegove važnosti približno četvrtina ukupne proizvodnje kositra se dobiva reciklažom kositrenih proizvoda.
 Danas se proizvodi redukcijom oksida ugljikovim monoksidom iz koksa, a među glavnim su proizvođačima Kina, Indonezija i Malezija.
 Proizvodi
 Na temperaturi nižoj od 13 °C metalna modifikacija prelazi polagano nemetalnu u sivu, praškastu modifikaciju, a pri -40 °C naglo prelazi u sivi prah. Zbog te pojave kositreno posuđe postaje s vremenom neupotrebljivo (tzv. kositrena kuga), zato valja predmete čuvati pri temperaturama iznad 13,5 °C.
 Pošto je korozijski otporan i neotrovan i vrlo mu je velika električna vodljivost i kao krutina i kao taljevina pa se najviše rabi za elektroplatiniranje (tj. za stvaranje tanke zaštitne prevlake na mnogim kovinama, osobito željeznim limovima (tj. čeliku)) i u prehrambenoj industriji za izradbu konzervi za hranu i limenki za piće (tzv. bijeli lim ili ambalažna folija). Na mjestu oštećene prevlake željezo jako korodira, pa je hrana iz tako oštećene limenke štetna po zdravlje, pa se sve više primjenjuju gdje mogu PET ambalaže.
 Slitine
 Kositar je iznimno kovak, a rastaljen lako otapa mnoge metale, stvarajući slitine, tako je sastojak mnogih slitina koje služe kao zaštitne i ukrasne prevlake (npr. ukrasi za božićna drvca), meki lemovi i lako taljive slitine (slitine za lemljenje), klizni ležajevi (bijeli metali), vodootporne i protupožarne folije, slitine za izradbu posuđa, različite bronce i drugih slitina poput britanske kovine, Woodove slitine.
 Slitina kositra, zlata i germanija koristi se za lemljenje plemenitih metala u zubotehnici.
 Tzv."bijeli lim" je naziv za željezni lim presvučen s kositrom.
 Staniol (njem. Stanniol < lat. stagnolo: listić kositra, prema stagno: kositar < lat. stagnum: mješavina srebra i olova) je naziv za tanke srebrnaste limove (folije), tzv. staniol-folije kositra, proizvedeni valjanjem. Kao takav se ni zašto ne koristi zbog tzv. kositrene kuge, već se je upotrebljava slitina kositra i olova u lemljenju (poznata je pod nazivom „lem“). Rabi se u elektrotehnici pri izradbi kondenzatora i za zamatanje živežnih namirnica (čokolade, desertnoga sira, bombona i dr.). U novije doba zbog olova se zamjenjuje mnogo jeftinijim aluminijskim folijama.
 Kositrovi spojevi
 Organski spojevi kositra mogu biti jako toksični.
 Kositrov(II) klorid (SnCl2) je najvažniji reducens od svih kositrovih halogenida, a primjenjuje se u bojadisarstvu kao sredstvo za pripremu površine (kao močilo, najčešće u bojadisarskom tisku). Elektrolit je pri kositrenju, snažno redukcijsko sredstvo u proizvodnji polimera i bojila, katalizator u organskoj sintezi.
 Kositrov(IV) klorid (SnCl4) služi kao močilo za bojila, stabilizator boja i mirisa, katalizator, sredtvo za nanošenje nevidljivoga, tankog sloja kositrova oksida na staklo, koje tako dobiva posebna mehanička, električna i optička svojstva, pa se rabi u elektronici, optičkoj i zrakoplovnoj industriji.
 Kositrov(II) fluorid (SnF2) sastojak je zubnih pasta (prevencija od karijesa).
 Kositrov(IV) oksid (SnO2, kasiterit) služi za potamnjivanje emajla i proizvodnju mliječnoga i mutnoga stakla. Odavna služi u keramici za proizvodnju glazura i pigmenta (fajansa), katalizator je i abraziv.
 Kositrov(IV) hidroksid (Sn(OH)4) služi u bojadisarstvu.
 Cassiev purpur je crvena boja za staklo ili emajl sastoji se iz kositrovog(II) oksida i koloidnog zlata, dobivena iz kositrovog(II) klorida i zlatovog(III) klorida.
 Fajans je vrsta keramike s bijelom ili žućkastom kositar-olovo glazurom; za umivaonike; umjetnički ukrašena fajansa naziva se majolika.
 Organometalni spojevi kositra
 Organometalni spojevi kositra od svih se organometalnih spojeva najviše primjenjuju; oni koji nisu otrovni služe kao stabilizatori u proizvodnji polimernih materijala, kao očvršnjivač i katalizatori, dok su oni koji su otrovni ekološki prihvatljiviji poljoprivredni biocidi, jer djeluju selektivno, a raspadaju se na neotrovne spojeve.
 Kositrenje
 Kositrenje se provodi elektroplatiniranjem ili uronjavanjem lima u rastaljeni kositar.
 Tehničke osobine
 Gustoća 7,30 g/cm3.
 Entalpija taljenja 7,1 pri t.t., kJ mol−1.
 Entalpija isparavanja 259 pri t.t., kJ mol−1.
 Specifični toplinski kapacitet 0,228 J/(g x K)
 Toplinska provodnost 0,666 W/(cm x K)
 Električna provodnost 0,0917 x 106 S/cm
 Izvori
 Tehnički leksikon, Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža; glavni urednik: Zvonimir Jakobović. Tiskanje dovršeno 21. prosinca 2007.g., Nacionalne i sveučilišne knjižnice u Zagrebu pod brojem 653717. , str. 417.
 Kemijski elementi


text:
 COMISIÓN DE LAS COMUNIDADES EUROPEAS
 Bruselas, 28.11.1996
 COM(96) 618 final
 96/0289 (ACC)
 Propuesta de
 REGLAMENTO (CE) DEL CONSEJO
 por el que se establecen medidas relativas a las importaciones de productos-agrícolas
 transformados de Suiza a fin de tener en cuenta los resultados de las negociaciones de
 la Ronda Uruguay en el sector agrícola
 (presentada por la Comisión)
 ---pagebreak--- ---pagebreak--- Exposición de motivos
 1. La Decisión del Consejo de 22 de diciembre de 1994 relativa a la celebración de
 los acuerdos resultantes de las negociaciones multilaterales de la Ronda Uruguay
 (1986-1994) se aplica, en lo que se refiere a determinados productos agrícolas,
 desde el 1 de julio de 1995. Dichos acuerdos establecen que se aplicarán a los
 productos agrícolas transformados importes específicos que sustituyen los
 elementos variables anteriores.
 2. El acuerdo de libre comercio con Suiza incluye un protocolo específico relativo a
 los productos agrícolas transformados. En la actualidad, dicho protocolo sólo
 establece elementos variables en ló que se refiere a la importación de determinados
 productos agrícolas transformados. Estos elementos variables han sido sustituidos
 por importes específicos a raíz de la aplicación de los acuerdos alcanzados en las
 negociaciones multilaterales de la Ronda Uruguay. Para evitar distorsiones del
 comercio tradicional y mantener las preferencias recíprocas existentes, son
 necesarias algunos ajustes técnicos, po lo que se introducen importes específicos
 reducidos.
 3. Todas las modificaciones necesarias para la aplicación de los resultados de las
 negociaciones de la Ronda Uruguay serán objeto de negociación con Suiza y se
 incluirán en el protocolo vigente. Sin embargo, dado que dichas negociaciones no
 concluirán antes del 1 de enero de 1997, es preciso adoptar medidas autónomas a
 fin de mantener las preferencias recíprocas vigentes en espera de la conclusión de
 las negociaciones.
 Por tales motivos, la Comisión propone al Consejo adoptar el siguiente
 Reglamento.
 9L
 ---pagebreak--- Propuesta de
 REGLAMENTO (CE) n° ... / DEL CONSEJO
 de
 por el que se establecen medidas relativas a las importaciones de productos-agrícolas
 transformados de Suiza a fin de tener en cuenta los resultados de las negociaciones de
 la Ronda Uruguay en el sector agrícola
 EL CONSEJO DE LA UNIÓN EUROPEA,
 Visto el Tratado constitutivo de la Comunidad Europea y, en particular, su artículo 113,
 Vista la propuesta de la Comisión;
 Considerando que, con arreglo a los acuerdos preferenciales entre la Comunidad Europea
 y Suiza, se han establecido concesiones recíprocas sobre determinados productos agrícolas
 transformados;
 Considerando que, conforme a la Decisión 94/800/CE del Consejo, de 22 de diciembre de
 1994, relativa a la celebración en nombre de la Comunidad Europea, por lo que respecta a
 los temas de su competencia, de los acuerdos resultantes de las negociaciones
 multilaterales de la Ronda Uruguay (1986-1994)1, determinadas concesiones en materia de
 productos agrícolas transformados han sido modificadas a partir del 1 de julio de 1995;
 Considerando que, por consiguiente, determinados aspectos comerciales del acuerdo
 celebrado con Suiza, en particular los protocolos relativos a los productos agrícolas
 transformados anexos a dichos acuerdos, deben ajustarse a fin de mantener el nivel
 existente de preferencias recíprocas;
 Considerando que, a tal fin, se están celebrando negociaciones con Suiza con miras a la
 celebración de modificaciones de los mencionados protocolos, y que, sin embargo, no es
 posible concluir dichas negociaciones a tiempo para efectuar los necesarios ajustes el 1 de
 enero de 1997;
 Considerando que, en tales circunstancias, es conveniente que la Comunidad Europea
 adopte medidas autónomas a fin de mantener el nivel existente de preferencias recíprocas
 en espera de la conclusión de las negociaciones;
 HA ADOPTADO EL PRESENTE REGLAMENTO.
 DO n° L 336 de 23.12.1994, p. 1.
 3
 ---pagebreak--- Artículo 1
 1. Del 1 de enero de 1997 al 30 de junio de 1997, los importes de base que deben
 tomarse en consideración para el cálculo de los elementos agrícolas y los derechos
 adicionales aplicables a la importación en la Comunidad de productos originarios de
 Suiza serán los que se mencionan en el Anexo del presente Reglamento. - -
 2. Si Suiza no aplicara las medidas recíprocas en favor de la Comunidad, la Comisión
 puede, de acuerdo con el procedimiento previsto en el artículo 16 del Reglamento (CE)
 n° 3448/932 del Consejo, suspender la aplicación de las medidas prevista en el
 apartado 1.
 Artículo 2
 El presente Reglamento entrará en vigor el día de su publicación en el Diario Oficial de
 las Comunidades Europeas.
 Será aplicable a partir del 1 de enero de 1997.
 El presente Reglamento será obligatorio en todos sus elementos y directamente aplicable
 en cada Estado miembro.
 Hecho en ... , el... de
 Por el Consejo
 2
 DOCE N° L 318, 20.12.1993, p. 18
 <f
 ---pagebreak--- ANEXO - BILAG - ANHANG - FIAPAPTHMA - ANNEX - ANNEXE
 - A L L E G A T O - BLJLAGE - A N E X O - L U T E - BLLAGA
 Montantes básicos, considerados par calcular los elementos agrícolas reducidos y derechos adicionales,
 aplicables a las importaciones en la Comunidad
 Basisbelob taget i betragtning ved beregningen af de nedsatte landbrugs elementer og tillxgstoîd
 anvendelig ved indforsel i Faellesskabet
 Grundbetrage, die bei der Berechnung der ermáfiigten Agrarteilbetráge und Zusatzzôlle, anwendbar bei
 der Einfuhr in die Gemeinschaft berücksichtigt worden sind
 BacjtKá noaá nou e/aí<p6noav unóipn yia TOV unoXoyioiió TGÜV iieraBXryrtuv OTOIXEÍOJV Kai
 npóoBercov ôaonwv nou ecpappoÇovrai ora OYpoxiKá oroixeía Kara xnv eioay<û\ff\ ornv
 Koivórnra
 Basic amounts taken into consideration in calculating the reduced agricultural components and additional
 duties, applicable on importation into the Community
 Montants de base, pris en considération lors du calcul des éléments agricoles réduits et droits additionnels
 applicables à l'importation dans la Communauté
 ecus/ECU/Ecu
 Importi de base, presi in considérezione per il calcólo degli elementi agricoli e dei dazi addizionali /
 applicabili all'importazione nella Comunità ecu/écus/ecua/
 Basisbedragen, in aanmerking genomen bij de berekening van de verlaagde agrarische elementen en 100 kg
 aanvullende invoerrechten, geldend bij invoer in de Gemeenschap
 Montantes de base tomados em consideraçâo aquando do cálculo dos elementos agrícolas reduzidos e dos
 direitos adicionáis aplicáveis à importaçaô na Comunidade
 Yhteisôôn tulevaan tuontiin sovellettavia alennettuja maatalousosia ja lisâtulleja laskettaessa huomioon
 otettavat perusmâarât
 Grundpriser som beaktas vid berâkning av minskade jordbruksbestandsdelar och tillaggstuli som skall utgâ
 pâ import till gemenskapen
 Trigo blando / Blod hvede / Weichweizen / MaXaKÓ arxápi / Common wheat / Blé tendre / 9,771
 Grano tenero / Zachte tarwe / Trigo mole / Tavallinen vehnâ / Vete
 Trigo duro /Hard hvede / Hartweizen /iKÁipó airápi / Durum wheat / Blé dur /Grano duro 15,168
 /Durum tarwe / Trigo duro /Durumvehnâ / Durumvete
 Centeno/ Rug / Roggen /lÍKOAn /Rye /Seigle / Segala / Rogge / Centeio / Ruis /Ràg 12,734
 Cebada / Byg / Gerste / Kpi9ápi /Barley/ Orge / Orzo / Gerst / Cevada / Ohra / Korn 12,734
 Maiz / Majs / Mais / Ka\Q}inÓKi / Maize / Maïs / Granturco / Mais / Milho / Maissi / Majs 11,040
 Arroz descascarillado de grano largo / Ris, afskallet, langkornet / Reis, langkôrnig, geschalt / 36,344
 Anoq)Xoiü)|iévo púCi |iaKpócmep(iO / Long-grain husked rice / Riz décortiqué à grains longs
 / Riso semigreggio a grani lunghi / Langkorrelige gedopte rijst / Arroz em películas de grâos
 longos / Pitkàjyvàinen esikuorittu riisi / Ris, skalat làngkornigt
 Leche desnatada en polvo / Skummetmaelkspulver / Magermilchpulver / AnoBouTupü)|iévo 137,182
 yoÀa a e OKÓvr\ / Skimmed-milk powder / Lait érémé en poudre / Latte scremato in polvere /
 Magere-melkpoeder / Leite desnatado em pô/ Rasvaton maitojauhe / Skummjôlkspulver
 Leche entera en polvo / Sodmaelkspulver / Vollmilchpulver / fl^pec; yciXa ae aKÓvr| / 179,344
 Whole-milk powder / Lait entier en poudre / Latte intero in polvere / Vollemelkpoeder / Leite
 inteiro ein pc> / Rasvainen maitojauhe / Mjôlkpulver
 Mantequilla / Smor / Butter / Boúrupo / Butter / Beurre / Burro / Boter / Manteiga / Voi / 260,647
 Smôr
 Azúcar blanco / Hvidt sukker / Weifizucker / AeuKT| Cáxapr) / White sugar / Sucre blanc / 48,000
 Zucchero bianco / Witte suiker / Açùcar branco / Valkoinen sokeri / Vitt socker
 5
 ---pagebreak--- ---pagebreak--- ISSN 0257-9545
 COM(96) 618 final
 DOCUMENTOS
 ES 11 03 02 01
 N° de catálogo : CB-CO-96-614-ES-C
 ISBN 92-78-11899-0
 Oficina de Publicaciones Oficiales de las Comunidades Europeas
 L-2985 Luxemburgo
 eo


text:
Baníkov () je najvyšší vrch v hlavnom hrebeni Západných Tatier. Jeho vrchol dosahuje výšku Nachádza sa nad Žiarskou, Roháčskou, Bobroveckou a Jaloveckou dolinou. Budujú ho granitoidné horniny, ostré formy vznikli podťatím niváciou a tiež činnosťou horských ľadovcov.
 Zo severnej strany zostupujú strmé svahy asi 350 m smerom do Spálenej doliny. V spodnej časti svahov sú veľké sutinové polia.
 Prístup
 po značke z Žiarskej chaty, trvanie 2:30 hodiny
 po značke z Roháčskej doliny cez Baníkovské sedlo, trvanie 3:20 hodiny
 po značke z Troch kôp, trvanie 1:20 hodiny (na úseku sú reťaze)
 po značke z obce Jalovec cez dolinu Parichvost, trvanie 4:45 hodiny
 po značke z Pachole, trvanie 0:35 hodiny
 Referencie
 Turistická mapa Západné Tatry 1:25 000, BB KART
 Iné projekty
 Vrchy Západných Tatier
 Dvojtisícovky na Slovensku
 Žiarska dolina
 Roháče
 Vrchy v okrese Liptovský Mikuláš
 Vrchy v okrese Tvrdošín