type: wikipedia

text:
Peter Adler Alberti (født 10. juni 1851 i København, død 14. juni 1932 sammesteds) var en dansk jurist og justitsminister, som især er kendt for at have begået underslæb, mens han sad som minister.
 Uddannelse og indtræden i politik
 P.A. Alberti var søn af Venstrepolitikeren Carl Christian Alberti og lillebror til kvindesagsforkæmperen Sophie Alberti. Han blev student fra Borgerdydskolen i København 1868, cand.jur. i 1873 og nedsatte sig som sagfører, først på faderens kontor. 1876 blev han overrets- og 1881 højesteretssagfører. 1887 blev han faderens suppleant i bestyrelsen for Den sjællandske Bondestands Sparekasse og dermed hans naturlige arvtager som formand i 1890.
 Via faderens netværk havde Alberti nem adgang til Venstrepartiets politikere og til den sjællandske bondestand. Han var dog næppe en populær person, og allerede som sagfører fik han et dårligt ry på grund af sin store spillelyst. Han drev desuden suspekte byggespekulationer i ejendomme på Nørrebro og blev regnet for en hård hund, når det gjaldt pengesager. Allerede før 1887 havde Alberti opbrugt hele sin mødrene arv.
 Inden for Venstre blev han anset for en midterpolitiker eller for hældende til højre, og det var ikke uden modstand inden for sparekassen, da han 1887 på forslag af faderen blev dennes stedfortræder. Efter C.C. Albertis død blev han valgt til formand med tre fjerdedels flertal.
 I 1888 grundlagde han Sjællands (senere Østifternes) Brandforsikring for mindre Landbygninger og blev dens første formand indtil 1891 og fik ligeledes 1888 grundlagt Danske Landmænds Smøreksport-Forening, hvis ledelse han senere varetog, og vandt ved sin del i disse tre institutioner stor indflydelse i bondestanden. Samtidig var især den sidste virksomhed indbringende og gav Alberti en kapital, som han fra 1891 bl.a. investerede i guldmineaktier. Allerede på dette tidspunkt vakte H.J. Dønnergaards optræden mod Albertis regnskabsaflæggelse i 1889 en mistanke mod Alberti, der dog ikke rodfæstede sig.
 Han gik nu ind i politik for Venstre og blev valgt til Folketinget ved i 1892 i Køgekredsen at slå den berømte Viggo Hørup, som havde haft sædet i 16 år. Senere vidste Alberti også at hævde denne kreds for sig trods heftig modstand fra radikal og socialdemokratisk side. Han gik især til valg på "at sætte en Bom for Socialismen", og hans ry blandt vælgerbefolkningen blev stadigt bedre.
 For at styrke sin politiske stilling oprettede han 1892 et dagblad, Dannebrog, der blev et organ for Det Moderate Venstre. I Folketinget sluttede han sig straks til denne gruppe og var med at forberede det politiske forlig med Højre, men trak sig i sidste øjeblik svigefuldt tilbage, da vedtagelsen forestod april 1894, og rettede i de følgende endog meget skarpe angreb på gruppens leder Frede Bojsen. I 1895 var han med til at danne Venstrereformpartiet og blev én af dets ledere. Han blev medlem af Finansudvalget samt andre vigtige udvalg og fik derigennem stor indflydelse på lovgivningen. Han støttede regeringen Reedtz-Thott, tog ivrig del i arbejdet for de ny skattelove og for tiendens afløsning, og var 1900 hovedophavsmanden til, at Andreas Peschcke Køedts liberale toldlovforslag strandede, da det ellers syntes sejren nær.
 Justitsminister
 Allerede inden Systemskiftet havde Alberti aftalt med J.C. Christensen og Christopher Hage, at de skulle indtræde som ministre i den første Venstreregering. Det skete så i 1901; han blev justitsminister i den nye regering og forblev i denne stilling 1905 ved Venstreministeriets omdannelse. Han modsatte sig ikke Hørups indtræden i regeringen.
 Albertis gode evner kom nu for dagens lys, nemlig handlekraft og en ubureaukratisk evne til at se kernen i en sag, men samtidig blev disse egenskaber fulgt af stor hensynsløshed over for sager og personer, der mishagede ham. Det bedste eksempel er hans sammenstød med Sundhedskollegiet 1906-07, der førte til, at Kollegiet trådte tilbage. I sin forvaltning viste han stor lyst til at bryde med overleverede regler og indgroede sædvaner samt til at følge sit fri skøn. Der faldt derfor et stærkt skær af vilkårlighed over hans styrelse. Som taler var han uforfærdet i forsvar og ubarmhjertig i angreb.
 Han knyttede særlig sit navn til udviklingen af Islands statsretlige selvstændighed 1903, til loven om forbrydersker og forsømte børn og tillægget til Straffeloven (den såkaldte pryglelov) 1905, samt til den såkaldte Oktoberlov om afskaffelsen af den offentlige prostitution 1906, endvidere til lovene om bekæmpelse af tuberkulosen 1905. Ligeledes tog han virksom del i arbejdet for retsplejens omordning med offentlighed, mundtlighed og nævninger. Han huskes måske især for indførelsen af pryglestraf for volds- og seksualforbrydelser i 1905. Mænd mellem 15 og 55 år, som havde øvet voldtægt eller vold mod sagesløse, eller havde været utérlige mod små piger, skulle straffes med indtil 27 slag på "sædet" med en stok. Pryglestraffen blev igen ophævet i 1911. Især denne lov cementerede Albertis ry som regeringens mest konservative medlem.
 Han gennemførte også tre automobillove (1903-08), helligdagsloven 1904, børneloven 1905, kødkontrolloven 1906 og flere love om kvinders og børns retsstilling 1908.
 Efterhånden blev han udsat for stærk kritik for at misbruge sin myndighed til at skaffe sig personlige fordele. 1907-08 rejste Frederik Borgbjerg og L.V. Birck i Rigsdagen gentagne klager over hans forvaltning med nærgående beskyldninger for, at han misbrugte sin myndighed til at skaffe sig personlige fordele, men han tilbageviste dem med stor snilde, skønt de i virkeligheden var vel begrundede. Dog svækkedes derved hans stilling som minister, og hans embedsfæller ønskede hans afgang.
 I bankkredse vidste man desuden besked om suspekte transaktioner med sparekassens obligationer. J.C. Christensen forsvarede Alberti i god tro og lånte på hans anmodning i maj 1908, da han var fungerende finansminister, sparekassen 11⁄2 mio. kr. af statskassen, for at den kunne undgå et bankstormløb.
 Da han i maj 1908 havde fået loven om rettens pleje vedtaget i Rigsdagen og således løst den sidste store opgave, der endnu påhvilede ham, tog han 24. juli, netop 7 års dagen for sin udnævnelse til justitsminister, afsked som sådan og hædredes med titlen som gehejmekonferensråd. Endnu 3. september havde han den dristighed at overvære Det Kongelige Skydeselskabs fugleskydning som i sine fulde velmagtsdage. Og året forinden havde han ladet slotsarkitekten Thorvald Jørgensen opføre sig en stor sommervilla i Rungsted Kyst.
 Melder sig som bedrager
 Pressen havde dog ikke glemt Alberti, og især dagbladet Politiken fortsatte skriverierne om økonomisk urent trav i sparekassen. Den 8. september 1908 gav Alberti op og meldte sig på Københavns Domhus som bedrager. Alberti kendte sig her skyldig i underslæb og dokumentfalsk over for Den Sjællandske Bondestands Sparekasse for et beløb på 15 millioner kroner, ca. halvdelen af bankens kapital. Det svarer til omkring 8-900 millioner i 2010-kroner. Han havde i henved en snes år, altså næsten i hele forvaltningsperioden, brugt af de betroede midler til at foretage vilde børsspekulationer, f.eks. i guldmineaktier.
 Omkring 1. august havde Privatbanken konstateret store uregelmæssigheder i sparekassens regnskab, hvoraf der bl.a. fremgik obligationer, som banken vidste var solgt på foranledning af Alberti. Netop det fortsatte pres fra bl.a. redaktør Ove Rode på Politiken var med til at trække denne viden frem i lyset. Albertis egen henvendelse til politiet kom kun ganske kort inden han ville være blevet afsløret.
 Et halvt år inden afsløringen havde statsrevisorene været på uanmeldt besøg i justitsministeriet for at se på regnskabsbøgerne i Albertis aflåste pengeskab. Han hidsede sig op over, at hans ære blev krænket ved en sådan mistillid til en mand i hans stilling. Da den ene revisor insisterede på at se bøgerne, rakte Alberti ham nøglen til pengeskabet, og sagde som sandt var: "Mine herrer, hvis De åbner dette skab nu, er jeg ikke landets justitsminister længere!" Det skræmte dem alligevel, og bukkende trak de sig ud af hans kontor.
 Efterdønninger
 Skandalen var enorm og fik vidtrækkende politiske konsekvenser. Det var kun kort tid siden Alberti var trådt tilbage som justitsminister og forbrydelsen var sket gennem hans tid som minister. Ligeledes havde den nye konge Frederik 8. tildelt Alberti en række æresbevisninger på foranledning af J.C. Christensen og kongen har formentlig følt sig misbrugt og vildledt. Dermed var sagen ikke mere ubetydelig for regeringen og J.C. Christensen. J.C. Christensen måtte derfor træde tilbage og overlade embedet til Niels Neergaard i oktober 1908.
 Den 17. december 1910 blev Alberti idømt otte års tugthus og sad fra 1910 til 1912 i Horsens Statsfængsel og fra 30. august 1912 til 1917 i Vridsløselille Statsfængsel. Han blev benådet for resten af straffen. Mens han afsonede straffen, gjorde han brug af en rettighed han som justitsminister selv havde indført: Retten til at gå med en hætte, der skjulte fangens ansigt, så han forblev anonym for alle andre. Men da Alberti selv var den eneste, der nogensinde benyttede sig af rettigheden, vidste de andre fanger straks de så manden med hætte på – at der kom Alberti.
 Alberti var blevet Ridder af Dannebrog 1902, Dannebrogsmand 1903, Kommandør af 2. grad 1904 og af 1. grad 1906. Efter dommen i 1910 blev han frataget ordenen og sine ærestitler.
 De overhørte advarsler førte til en rigsretssag mod ministrene J.C. Christensen og Sigurd Berg, hvor kun Berg fik en mindre dom (bødestraf).
 Efter sin fængselsstraf arbejdede Alberti som kontorist. Han døde i 1932 efter at være blevet påkørt af en sporvogn på Nørrebrogade.
 Privatliv
 Alberti var gift to gange. Første gang ægtede han 6. oktober 1876 i Holmens Kirke Eugenie Møller (24. april 1857 i København – 7. april 1929 sst.), datter af grosserer, dampskibsekspeditør Niels Møller (1827-1883) og Caroline Nicoline Marie Soelberg (1835-1878). Ægteskabet blev opløst 1898; hun blev gift med kgl. kammersanger Peter Cornelius. Anden gang ægtede Alberti 14. juni 1906 i Vor Frue Kirke Anna Victoria (Thora) Bendix, f. Sundberg, før og efter gift med kgl. kapelmusikus Fritz Bendix. Dette ægteskab blev opløst 1909.
 Han er begravet på Assistens Kirkegård.
 Sammensværgelsesteori
 Både professor L.V. Birck og siden Lorenz Christensen hævdede, at Alberti var jøde, og at dette påvirkede hans handlinger som politiker og forbryder.
 Albertis mor, Albertine Sophie Frederikke Westergaard (1814-1901), var datter af Niels Nielsen Westergaard (1772-1835) og Sophie Magdalene Nyeborg Salomonsen (1785-1850), som var datter af jøden, lysestøber og tehandler Marcus Salomonsen (1723-1796) fra Nyborg, der efter sin dåb den 18. oktober 1769 i Holmens Kirke førte navnet Ludvig Jørgen Nyeborg og 9. maj 1774 blev gift med Frederikke Josepha Aagaard (1749-1805, som formentlig ikke var jøde - måske efterkommer af hørkræmmer i København Ole Hansen Aagaard (1689-1749)?).
 Referencer
 Kilder og eksterne henvisninger
 Nils Arne Sørensen, Alberti, Gads historieleksikon 4. udg. (2009) s. 16.
 Henrik Larsen, Alberti-katastrofen, Politisk Revy, 1996. .
 Hans Lyngby Jepsen, Storbedrageren Alberti, Gyldendal, 1987. .
 Kaare R. Skou, Magtens forblændelse – hvordan justitsminister P.A. Alberti endte som danmarkshistoriens største svindler, People ́s Press, 2016.
 Sven Thorsen, De danske ministerier 1901-1929, København: Nyt Nordisk Forlag Arnold Busck 1972.
 Knud Thestrup, Alberti, Schønberg, 1979. .
 Ministre fra Venstrereformpartiet
 Justitsministre fra Danmark
 Ministre for Island fra Danmark
 Folketingsmedlemmer fra Venstrereformpartiet
 Folketingsmedlemmer i 1890'erne
 Folketingsmedlemmer i 1900'erne
 Advokater fra Danmark
 Personer fra København
 Bedrageridømte fra Danmark
 Folketingsmedlemmer, der har fået ophævet deres parlamentariske immunitet
 Horsens Statsfængsel
 Studenter fra Østre Borgerdyd Gymnasium


type: contracts

jurisdiction: EU

text:
 Svarīgs juridisks paziņojums
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 22004A1223(01)
 Nolīgums starp Eiropas Kopienu un Ķīnas Tautas Republikas valdību par sadarbību un savstarpējo administratīvo palīdzību muitas lietās
 Official Journal L 375 , 23/12/2004 P. 0020 - 0026
 Nolīgumsstarp Eiropas Kopienu un Ķīnas Tautas Republikas valdību par sadarbību un savstarpējo administratīvo palīdzību muitas lietāsEIROPAS KOPIENAunĶĪNAS TAUTAS REPUBLIKAS VALDĪBA(še turpmāk – "Līgumslēdzējas puses"),ŅEMOT VĒRĀ Eiropas Kopienas un Ķīnas tirdzniecības attiecību nozīmi un vēlēdamies abu Līgumslēdzēju pušu kopējās interesēs veicināt šo attiecību harmonisku attīstību;UZSKATOT, ka, lai sasniegtu šo mērķi, būtu jāapņemas izvērst sadarbību muitas lietās;ŅEMOT VĒRĀ Līgumslēdzēju pušu sadarbības attīstību muitas procedūru jomā;TĀ KĀ darbības, ar ko pārkāpj tiesību aktus muitas jomā, tostarp intelektuālā īpašuma tiesību pārkāpšana, kaitē Līgumslēdzēju pušu ekonomiskajām, fiskālajām un tirdzniecības interesēm, un atzīstot, ka ir svarīgi precīzi novērtēt muitas nodokļus un citus nodokļu, jo īpaši, pareizi piemērojot noteikumus par muitas vērtējumu, izcelsmi un tarifikāciju;PĀRLIECĪBĀ, ka pasākumus, kas vērsti pret šādām darbībām, var padarīt efektīvākus, sadarbojoties kompetentajām administratīvajām iestādēm;IR VIENOJUŠĀS PAR TURPMĀKO.I SADAĻAVISPĀRĪGI NOTEIKUMI1. pantsDefinīcijasŠajā nolīgumā:a) "tiesību akti muitas jomā" ir visi Eiropas Kopienas vai Ķīnas Tautas Republikas normatīvie vai citi juridiski saistošie akti, ar ko reglamentē preču ievešanu, izvešanu, tranzītu un cita muitas režīma vai procedūras piemērošanu tām, tostarp aizlieguma, ierobežojumu un kontroles pasākumi;b) "muitas iestāde" ir – Ķīnas Tautas Republikā – Ķīnas Tautas Republikas Galvenā muitas pārvalde, un – Eiropas Kopienā – Eiropas Kopienu Komisijas kompetentie dienesti, kas ir atbildīgi par muitas jautājumiem, un Eiropas Kopienas dalībvalstu muitas iestādes;c) "pieprasījuma iesniedzēja iestāde" ir kompetenta muitas iestāde, ko šim mērķim norīkojusi attiecīga Līgumslēdzēja puse un kas iesniedz administratīvās palīdzības pieprasījumu saskaņā ar šo nolīgumu;d) "pieprasījuma saņēmēja iestāde" ir kompetenta muitas iestāde, ko šim mērķim norīkojusi attiecīga Līgumslēdzēja puse un kas saņem administratīvās palīdzības pieprasījumu saskaņā ar šo nolīgumu;e) "personas dati" ir visa informācija, kas attiecas uz identificēto vai identificējamo fizisko personu;f) "darbība, ar ko pārkāpj tiesību aktus muitas jomā" ir jebkurš muitas jomā pieņemto tiesību aktu pārkāpums vai pārkāpuma mēģinājums;g) "persona" ir fiziska vai juridiska persona;h) "informācija" ir visi dati, kas ir vai nav apstrādāti vai analizēti, dokumenti, ziņojumi un citi paziņojumi jebkurā formā, arī elektroniskā formā, kā arī apliecinātas vai apstiprinātas to kopijas.2. pantsTeritoriālā piemērošanaŠo nolīgumu piemēro, no vienas puses, attiecībā uz Ķīnas Tautas Republikas muitas teritoriju un, no otras puses, attiecībā uz teritorijām, kurām piemēro Eiropas Kopienas dibināšanas līgumu, saskaņā ar nosacījumiem, kuri noteikti minētajā Līgumā.3. pantsAttīstība nākotnēLīgumslēdzējas puses, savstarpēji vienojoties, var paplašināt šā nolīguma darbības jomu, lai pastiprinātu un pilnveidotu sadarbību muitas lietās saskaņā ar saviem attiecīgajiem tiesību aktiem muitas jomā, noslēdzot nolīgumus par konkrētām nozarēm vai jautājumiem.II SADAĻANOLĪGUMA DARBĪBAS JOMA4. pantsSadarbības un palīdzības darbību veikšanaVisas sadarbības un palīdzības darbības, uz ko attiecas šis nolīgums, Līgumslēdzējas puses veic saskaņā ar to attiecīgiem normatīviem un citiem juridiski saistošiem aktiem. Turklāt sadarbības un palīdzības darbības, uz ko attiecas šis nolīgums, viena vai otra Līgumslēdzēja puse veic saskaņā ar tās kompetenci un pieejamajiem līdzekļiem.5. pantsSaistības saskaņā ar citiem nolīgumiem1. Ņemot vērā Eiropas Kopienas un dalībvalstu attiecīgo kompetenci, šis nolīgums:a) neskar Līgumslēdzēju pušu saistības saskaņā ar citām starptautiskām konvencijām vai nolīgumiem;b) ir atzīts par tādu, kas papildina tos nolīgumus par sadarbību muitas lietās un savstarpējo administratīvo palīdzību, ko atsevišķas dalībvalstis ir noslēgušas vai var noslēgt ar Ķīnas Tautas Republiku; unc) neskar Kopienas noteikumus, kas reglamentē tādas informācijas apmaiņu starp Komisijas kompetentajiem dienestiem un dalībvalstu muitas iestādēm, kura iegūta saistībā ar šo nolīgumu un kurā Eiropas Kopiena varētu būt ieinteresēta.2. Neatkarīgi no 1. punkta, šā nolīguma noteikumiem ir prioritāte, salīdzinot ar divpusējiem nolīgumiem par sadarbību un savstarpējo administratīvo palīdzību muitas lietās, ko atsevišķas dalībvalstis noslēgušas vai var noslēgt ar Ķīnas Tautas Republiku, ja minēto divpusējo nolīgumu noteikumi nav saderīgi ar šā nolīguma noteikumiem.3. Attiecībā uz jautājumiem par šā nolīguma piemērošanu Līgumslēdzējas puses apspriežas Apvienotajā muitas sadarbības komitejā, kas izveidota saskaņā ar šā nolīguma 21. pantu, lai panāktu risinājumu.III SADAĻASADARBĪBA MUITAS LIETĀS6. pantsSadarbības joma1. Līgumslēdzējas puses apņemas izvērst sadarbību muitas lietās. Jo īpaši tās cenšas sadarboties šādi:a) izveidojot un uzturot saziņu savu muitas iestāžu starpā, lai veicinātu drošu un ātru informācijas apmaiņu;b) veicinot savu muitas iestāžu efektīvu koordināciju;c) sadarbojoties visos citos administratīvos jautājumos, kas saistīti ar šo nolīgumu un kas konkrētos gadījumos prasa kopīgu rīcību.2. Līgumslēdzējas puses arī apņemas muitas lietās veikt darbības, kuru mērķis ir veicināt tirdzniecību, ņemot vērā starptautisko organizāciju paveikto šajā jomā.3. Saskaņā ar šo nolīgumu sadarbība muitas lietās ietver visus jautājumus, kas attiecas uz to, kā piemērot tiesību aktus muitas jomā.7. pantsSadarbība attiecībā uz muitas procedūrāmLīgumslēdzējas puses apņemas atvieglināt preču likumīgu apriti un apmainās ar informāciju un speciālām zināšanām par pasākumiem muitas metožu un procedūru uzlabošanai un par datorizētām sistēmām, lai īstenotu minētās saistības saskaņā ar šā nolīguma noteikumiem.8. pantsTehniskā sadarbībaLīgumslēdzēju pušu muitas iestādes var viena otrai sniegt tehnisko palīdzību muitas lietās tiktāl, ciktāl tas ir abpusēji izdevīgi. Šāda palīdzība var ietvert:a) personāla un ekspertu apmaiņu, lai veicinātu savstarpēju izpratni par otras puses tiesību aktiem, procedūrām un paņēmieniem muitas jomā;b) mācības, jo īpaši, lai attīstītu īpašas muitas ierēdņu prasmes;c) profesionālās, zinātniskās un tehniskās informācijas apmaiņu par tiesību aktiem un procedūrām muitas jomā;d) tādu paņēmienu un metožu uzlabošanu, kuras attiecas uz pasažieru pārvietošanās un kravas aprites apstrādi;e) visus citus vispārējus administratīvus jautājumus, attiecībā uz kuriem konkrētos gadījumos varētu būt vajadzīga Līgumslēdzēju pušu muitas iestāžu kopīga rīcība.9. pantsKoordinācija starptautiskās organizācijāsMuitas iestādes cenšas attīstīt un stiprināt sadarbību jautājumos, kas ir kopējās interesēs, lai censtos panākt koordinētu nostāju, apspriežot minētos jautājumus starptautiskās organizācijās.IV SADAĻASAVSTARPĒJĀ ADMINISTRATĪVĀ PALĪDZĪBA10. pantsPiemērošanas joma1. Muitas iestādes sniedz savstarpēju palīdzību cita citai, sniedzot attiecīgo informāciju, kas palīdz nodrošināt to, ka pareizi piemēro tiesību aktus muitas jomā un novērš, izmeklē un apkaro jebkurus minēto tiesību aktu pārkāpumus.2. Palīdzība muitas lietās saskaņā ar šo nolīgumu attiecas uz jebkuru Līgumslēdzēju pušu administratīvo iestādi, kuras kompetencē ir šā nolīguma piemērošana. Tas neskar noteikumus, kas reglamentē savstarpējo palīdzību krimināllietās. Tas arī neattiecas uz informāciju, kas iegūta, īstenojot pilnvaras pēc tiesu iestāžu pieprasījuma.3. Šis nolīgums neattiecas uz palīdzību nodevu, nodokļu vai sodu piedzīšanu, uz jebkuras personas apcietināšanu un aizturēšanu vai uz īpašuma arestu vai aizturēšanu.11. pantsPalīdzība pēc pieprasījuma1. Pēc pieprasījuma iesniedzējas iestādes lūguma pieprasījuma saņēmēja iestāde sniedz tai visu informāciju, kas varētu tai palīdzēt nodrošināt muitas jomā pieņemto tiesību aktu pareizu piemērošanu, tostarp informāciju par konstatētajām vai plānotajām darbībām, ar ko pārkāpj vai var pārkāpt tiesību aktus muitas jomā. Jo īpaši attiecīgās muitas iestādes pēc pieprasījuma viena otrai sniedz informāciju par darbībām, kas var izraisīt likumpārkāpumus otrās puses teritorijā, piemēram, par nepareizi aizpildītām muitas deklarācijām, kā arī par tādiem izcelsmes sertifikātiem, rēķiniem vai citiem dokumentiem, par kuriem zināms vai ir aizdomas, ka tie ir nepareizi aizpildīti vai viltoti.2. Pēc pieprasījuma iesniedzējas iestādes lūguma pieprasījuma saņēmēja iestāde tai dara zināmu:a) vai oficiālie dokumenti, kas uzrādīti kopā ar preču deklarāciju, kura iesniegta attiecīgai muitas iestādei, ir autentiski;b) vai preces, kas izvestas no vienas Līgumslēdzējas puses teritorijas, ir likumīgi ievestas otras Līgumslēdzējas puses teritorijā, attiecīgā gadījumā norādot precēm piemēroto muitas procedūru;c) vai preces, kas ievestas vienas Līgumslēdzējas puses teritorijā, ir likumīgi izvestas no otras Līgumslēdzējas puses teritorijas, attiecīgā gadījumā norādot šīm precēm piemēroto muitas procedūru.3. Pēc pieprasījuma iesniedzējas iestādes lūguma pieprasījuma saņēmēja iestāde saskaņā ar savas valsts normatīviem un citiem juridiski saistošiem aktiem veic vajadzīgos pasākumus, lai nodrošinātu īpašu uzraudzību par:a) personām, par ko ir pamats uzskatīt, ka tās ir vai ir bijušas iesaistītas darbībās, ar ko pārkāpj tiesību aktus muitas jomā;b) vietām, kur ir glabāti vai savākti preču krājumi vai kur tos var glabāt vai savākt tādā veidā, ka ir pamats uzskatīt, ka šīs preces plāno izmantot darbībās, ar ko pārkāpj tiesību aktus muitas jomā;c) precēm, ko pārvadā vai var pārvadāt tādā veidā, ka ir pamats uzskatīt, ka tās plāno izmantot darbībās, ar ko pārkāpj tiesību aktus muitas jomā;d) transportlīdzekļiem, ko lieto vai var lietot tādā veidā, ka ir pamats uzskatīt, ka tos plāno izmantot darbībās, ar ko pārkāpj tiesību aktus muitas jomā.12. pantsSpontāna palīdzībaLīgumslēdzējas puses pēc pašu ierosmes un saskaņā ar saviem normatīviem un citiem juridiski saistošiem aktiem sniedz viena otrai palīdzību, ja tās uzskata, ka šāda palīdzība ir vajadzīga muitas jomā pieņemto tiesību aktu pareizai piemērošanai, jo īpaši gadījumos, kur vienas Līgumslēdzējas puses ekonomikai, sabiedrības veselībai, sabiedrības drošībai vai citām būtiskām interesēm var rasties nopietns kaitējums, tostarp sniedzot informāciju, ko tās iegūst par:a) darbībām, ar kurām pārkāpj tiesību aktus muitas jomā vai kuras izskatās šādi, un kas varētu būt noderīga otrai Līgumslēdzējai pusei;b) jauniem līdzekļiem vai metodēm, ko izmanto, veicot darbības, ar ko pārkāpj tiesību aktus muitas jomā;c) precēm, par kurām zināms, ka tās saistītas ar muitas jomā pieņemto tiesību aktu pārkāpumiem;d) personām, par ko ir pamats uzskatīt, ka tās ir vai ir bijušas iesaistītas darbībās, ar ko pārkāpj tiesību aktus muitas jomā;e) transportlīdzekļiem, par ko ir pamats uzskatīt, ka tie ir izmantoti, tos izmanto vai tos var izmantot darbībās, ar ko pārkāpj tiesību aktus muitas jomā.13. pantsPalīdzības pieprasījumu forma un saturs1. Pieprasījumus saskaņā ar šo nolīgumu iesniedz rakstveidā. Tiem pievieno dokumentus, kas vajadzīgi, lai izpildītu pieprasījumu. Ja konkrētā situācija ir vajadzīga steidzama rīcība, var pieņemt arī mutiskus pieprasījumus, tomēr tie ir tūlīt jāapstiprina rakstiski.2. Saskaņā ar 1. punktu iesniegtie pieprasījumi ietver šādu informāciju:a) pieprasījuma iesniedzējas iestādes oficiālu apstiprinājumu;b) pasākumu, ko lūdz veikt;c) pieprasījuma mērķi un iemeslu;d) attiecīgos normatīvos un citus juridiski saistošus aktus;e) iespējami precīzas un pilnīgas norādes par personām, kas ir attiecīgās izmeklēšanas objekts;f) attiecīgo faktu un jau veiktās izmeklēšanas kopsavilkumu.3. Pieprasījumus iesniedz pieprasījuma saņēmējas iestādes oficiālajā valodā vai minētajai iestādei pieņemamā valodā. Šī prasība neattiecas uz dokumentiem, ko pievieno pieprasījumam saskaņā ar 1. punktu.4. Ja pieprasījums neatbilst iepriekš minētajām formālajām prasībām, var lūgt to labot vai papildināt; pa to laiku var likt veikt piesardzības pasākumus.14. pantsPieprasījumu izpilde1. Lai izpildītu palīdzības pieprasījumu, pieprasījuma saņēmēja iestāde rīkojas, saskaņā ar savu kompetenci un pieejamiem līdzekļiem, tāpat kā tā rīkotos pati vai pēc tās pašas Līgumslēdzējas puses citu iestāžu pieprasījuma, un sniedz tās rīcībā esošo informāciju, veic attiecīgu izmeklēšanu vai organizē šādas izmeklēšanas veikšanu.2. Palīdzības pieprasījumus izpilda saskaņā ar pieprasījuma saņēmējas Līgumslēdzējas puses normatīvajiem un citiem juridiski saistošiem aktiem.3. Vienas Līgumslēdzējas puses atbilstīgi pilnvarotās amatpersonas var konkrētos gadījumos piedalīties izmeklēšanā, ko veic otras Līgumslēdzējas puses teritorijā, ja panākta vienošanās ar šo otru Līgumslēdzēju pusi un saskaņā ar tās izvirzītajiem nosacījumiem.4. Ja pieprasījumu nevar izpildīt, pieprasījuma iesniedzēju iestādi tūlīt par to informē, norādot iemeslus un visu citu informāciju, ko pieprasījuma saņēmēja iestāde uzskata par tādu, kura var būt noderīga pieprasījuma iesniedzējai iestādei.15. pantsInformācijas paziņošanas veids1. Pieprasījuma saņēmēja iestāde rakstiski paziņo pieprasījuma iesniedzējai iestādei izmeklēšanas rezultātus, pievienojot tiem attiecīgus dokumentus, apliecinātas kopijas vai citus materiālus.2. Šo informāciju var sniegt elektroniskā formā, bet vajadzības gadījumā to nekavējoties apstiprina rakstveidā.16. pantsIzņēmumi pienākumam sniegt palīdzību1. Palīdzību var atteikt vai uz to var attiecināt konkrētus nosacījumus vai prasības, ja Līgumslēdzēja puse uzskata, ka palīdzība saskaņā ar šo nolīgumu:a) varētu apdraudēt Ķīnas Tautas Republikas vai tās Eiropas Kopienas dalībvalsts suverenitāti, kurai ir lūgts sniegt palīdzību saskaņā ar šo nolīgumu;b) var apdraudēt sabiedrisko kārtību, drošību vai citas būtiskas intereses, jo īpaši 17. panta 2. punktā minētajos gadījumos; vaic) izraisīt rūpnieciska, komerciāla vai dienesta noslēpuma izpaušanu.2. Pieprasījuma saņēmēja iestāde var atlikt palīdzības sniegšanu uz vēlāku laiku, pamatojot šo atlikšanu ar to, ka šāda palīdzības sniegšana var traucēt izmeklēšanai, kriminālvajāšanai vai tiesvedībai, kas notiek tajā laikā. Tādā gadījumā pieprasījuma saņēmēja iestāde apspriežas ar pieprasījuma iesniedzēju iestādi, lai noteiktu, vai palīdzību var sniegt saskaņā ar tādiem noteikumiem vai nosacījumiem, kādus pieprasījuma iesniedzēja iestāde var izvirzīt.3. Ja pieprasījuma iesniedzēja iestāde lūdz palīdzību, ko tā pati nespētu sniegt, ja tai šādu palīdzību lūgtu, tad savā pieprasījumā tā vērš uzmanību uz šo faktu. Tad pieprasījuma saņēmējai iestādei jāizlemj, kā atbildēt uz šādu pieprasījumu.4. Gadījumos, kas minēti 1. un 2. punktā, pieprasījuma saņēmējas iestādes lēmums un tā pamatojums nekavējoties jāpaziņo pieprasījuma iesniedzējai iestādei.17. pantsInformācijas apmaiņa un konfidencialitāte1. Informācija, kas sniegta jebkādā formā, piemērojot šo nolīgumu, ir konfidenciāla vai tās izplatīšana ir ierobežota atkarībā no katras Līgumslēdzējas puses piemērojamajiem noteikumiem. Uz to attiecas pienākums glabāt dienesta noslēpumu un aizsardzība, ko attiecina uz līdzīgu informāciju saskaņā ar attiecīgajiem tās Līgumslēdzējas puses tiesību aktiem, kura to saņēmusi, un attiecīgajiem noteikumiem, ko piemēro Kopienas iestādēm.2. Ar personas datiem var apmainīties tikai tad, ja Līgumslēdzēja puse, kas tos var saņemt, apņemas nodrošināt tādiem datiem vismaz līdzvērtīgu aizsardzību tai, kādu attiecīgajā situācijā piemērotu šāda veida datiem tās Līgumslēdzējas puses teritorijā, kura datus var piegādāt. Līgumslēdzēja puse, kas var datus piegādāt, neizvirza nekādas prasības, kas uzliek lielākus apgrūtinājumus nekā tās, kas piemērojamas tiem datiem tās jurisdikcijā. Līgumslēdzējas puses paziņo viena otrai informāciju par to piemērojamiem noteikumiem, tostarp, attiecīgā gadījumā, arī Kopienas dalībvalstīs spēkā esošiem tiesību aktiem.3. Šā nolīguma noteikumi neliedz saskaņā ar šo nolīgumu iegūto informāciju vai dokumentus izmantot par pierādījumiem administratīvā procesā, ko vēlāk uzsāk attiecībā uz darbībām, ar ko pārkāpj tiesību aktus muitas jomā. Tādējādi Līgumslēdzējas puses savos pierādījumu dokumentos, ziņojumos un liecībās, kā arī administratīvos procesos kā pierādījumus var izmantot saskaņā ar šī nolīguma noteikumiem iegūto informāciju un izskatītos dokumentus. Par šādu izmantošanu ziņo kompetentajai iestādei, kas ir sniegusi attiecīgo informāciju vai piešķīrusi piekļuvi attiecīgajiem dokumentiem.4. Iegūto informāciju izmanto tikai šī nolīguma mērķiem. Ja viena Līgumslēdzēja puse vēlas izmantot šādu informāciju citiem mērķiem, tā informācijas sniedzējai iestādei lūdz iepriekšēju rakstisku piekrišanu. Uz šo izmantošanu tādējādi attiecas jebkuri šīs iestādes noteiktie ierobežojumi.5. Praktiskus pasākumus šā panta īstenošanai nosaka Apvienotā muitas sadarbības komiteja, kas izveidota saskaņā ar 21. pantu.18. pantsEksperti un lieciniekiPieprasījuma saņēmējas iestādes amatpersonu var pilnvarot piešķirto pilnvaru robežās darboties kā ekspertam vai lieciniekam administratīvā procesā otras Līgumslēdzējas puses teritorijā attiecībā uz jautājumiem, uz ko attiecas šis nolīgums, un uzrādīt tādus priekšmetus, dokumentus vai to apliecinātas kopijas, kas varētu būt vajadzīgas, lai veiktu šīs darbības. Pavēstē īpaši jānorāda, kurā iestādē un kādu jautājumu sakarā amatpersonai ir jāierodas un kāda ir tās amatpersonas dienesta pakāpe vai kvalifikācija, kuru plānots iztaujāt.19. pantsIzdevumi palīdzībai1. Līgumslēdzējas puses atsakās no visām savstarpējām prasībām atmaksāt izdevumus, kas radušies saistībā ar šo nolīgumu, izņemot, attiecīgajos gadījumos, izdevumus, kas saistīti ar ekspertiem un lieciniekiem, kā arī tulkiem un tulkotājiem, kuri nav nodarbināti civildienestā.2. Ja izdevumi, kas vajadzīgi, lai izpildītu pieprasījumu, ir lieli vai ārkārtīgi lieli, Līgumslēdzējas puses apspriežas, lai paredzētu noteikumus un nosacījumus, ar kādiem izpilda pieprasījumu, kā arī to, kā segt izmaksas.V SADAĻANOBEIGUMA NOTEIKUMI20. pantsĪstenošana1. Šā nolīguma īstenošanu uztic, no vienas puses, Eiropas Kopienu Komisijas muitas dienestiem un, attiecīgā gadījumā, Eiropas Kopienas dalībvalstu muitas iestādēm un, no otras puses, attiecīgai Ķīnas Tautas Republikas muitas iestādei. Tās lemj par visiem šā nolīguma piemērošanai vajadzīgajiem praktiskajiem pasākumiem un metodēm, ņemot vērā spēkā esošos noteikumus, jo īpaši datu aizsardzības jomā. Tās var kompetentajām iestādēm ieteikt izdarīt šajā nolīgumā grozījumus, ko tās uzskata par vajadzīgiem.2. Līgumslēdzējas puses savstarpēji apspriežas un tad informē viena otru par sīki izstrādātiem īstenošanas noteikumiem, ko pieņem saskaņā ar šā nolīguma noteikumiem.21. pantsApvienotā muitas sadarbības komiteja1. Ar šo izveido Apvienoto muitas sadarbības komiteju, kurā ir Ķīnas Tautas Republikas un Eiropas Kopienas attiecīgo muitas iestāžu pārstāvji. Komitejas sanāksmju vietu, laiku un darba kārtību nosaka, savstarpēji vienojoties.2. Apvienotā muitas sadarbības komiteja cita starpā:a) uzrauga nolīguma pareizu darbību;b) izskata visus jautājumus, kas rodas tā piemērošanas rezultātā;c) saskaņā ar šā nolīguma mērķiem veic pasākumus, kas nepieciešami sadarbībai muitas lietās;d) apmainās ar uzskatiem par jebkuriem jautājumiem par sadarbību muitas lietās, kas ir kopējās interesēs, tostarp par turpmākajiem pasākumiem un tiem paredzētajiem līdzekļiem;e) iesaka risinājumus, lai palīdzētu sasniegt šā nolīguma mērķus.3. Apvienotā muitas sadarbības komiteja pieņem savu iekšējo reglamentu.4. Vajadzības gadījumā Apvienota muitas sadarbības komiteja informē Apvienoto komiteju, kas izveidota ar 15. pantu Tirdzniecības un ekonomiskās sadarbības nolīgumā starp Eiropas Ekonomikas kopienu un Ķīnas Tautas Republiku, par pasākumiem, kas veikti saskaņā ar šo nolīgumu.22. pantsSpēkā stāšanās un darbības termiņš1. Šis nolīgums stājas spēkā tā mēneša pirmajā dienā, kurš seko dienai, kad Līgumslēdzējas puses viena otrai paziņo par to, ka pabeigtas visas tam vajadzīgās procedūras.2. Katra no Līgumslēdzējām pusēm var jebkurā laikā izbeigt šo nolīgumu, par to rakstiski paziņojot otrai Līgumslēdzējai pusei. Šis nolīgums zaudē spēku trīs mēnešus pēc dienas, kad sniegts šāds paziņojums otrai Līgumslēdzējai pusei. Tomēr palīdzības pieprasījumus, kas saņemti pirms minētās izbeigšanas, izpilda saskaņā ar šā nolīguma noteikumiem.23. pantsAutentiskie tekstiŠis līgums ir sagatavots divos eksemplāros angļu, čehu, dāņu, franču, grieķu, holandiešu, igauņu, itāliešu, latviešu, lietuviešu, maltiešu, poļu, portugāļu, slovaku, slovēņu, somu, spāņu, ungāru, vācu, zviedru un ķīniešu valodā, un visi teksti ir vienlīdz autentiski.To apliecinot, attiecīgi pilnvarotās personas ir parakstījušas šo nolīgumu.Hāgā, 2004. gada 8. decembrīPor la Comunidad EuropeaZa Evropské společenstvíFor Det Europæiske FællesskabFür die Europäische GemeinschaftEuroopa Ühenduse nimelΓια την Ευρωπαϊκή ΚοινότηταFor the European CommunityPour la Communauté européennePer la Comunità europeaEiropas Kopienas vārdāEuropos bendrijos varduaz Európai Közösség részérőlVoor de Europese GemeenschapW imieniu Wspólnoty EuropejskiejPela Comunidade EuropeiaZa Európske spoločenstvoza Evropsko skupnostEuroopan yhteisön puolestaPå Europeiska gemenskapens vägnarPor el Gobierno de la República Popular ChinaZa vládu Činské lidové republikyFor Folkerepublikken Kinas regeringIm Namen der Regierung der Volksrepublik ChinaHiina Rahvavabariigi valitsuse nimelΓια την κυβέρνηση της Λαϊκής Δημοκρατίας της ΚίναςFor the Government of the People's Republic of ChinaPour le gouvernement de la République populaire de ChinePer il Governo della Repubblica popolare cineseKīnas Tautas Republikas vārdāKinijos Liaudies Respublikos Vyriausybės varduA Kínai Népköztársaság kormánya részérőlVoor de Regering van de Volksrepubliek ChinaW imieniu rządu Chińskiej Republiki LudowejPelo Governo da República Popular da ChinaZa vládu Činskey ľudovej republikyZa Vlado Ljudske republike KitajskeKiinan kansantasavallan hallituksen puolestaPå Folkrepubliken Kinas regerings vägnar--------------------------------------------------


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Edward Paul Flanders (29 de diciembre de 1934 - 22 de febrero de 1995) fue un actor de origen estadounidense, conocido principalmente por su rol como el Dr. Donald Westphall en el drama médico St. Elsewhere.
 Biografía
 Ed Flanders nació el 29 de diciembre de 1934 en Minneapolis, Minnesota, hijo de Francis Michael Grey Flanders y su esposa Bernice. Flanders comenzó su carrera de actor en Broadway antes de integrarse como invitado a las series de televisión del momento. Entre 1967 y 1975, Flanders aparece en más de una docena de serie de televisión estadounidense, incluyendo seis actuaciones en la serie Hawaii Cinco-0. Durante este tiempo, también realiza varias películas para la televisión, y contrae matrimonio con la actriz Ellen Geer.
 A finales de la década de 1970, Flanders deja los papeles pequeños en series, y empieza a integrar roles de mayor importancia en televisión y cine. En 1974, Flanders ganó un Premio Tony por la categoría Mejor Actor de Reparto en una Presentación Dramática por su rol en A Moon for the Misbegotten en Broadway.
 St. Elsewhere
 En 1982, entra a la serie St. Elsewhere como el jefe de medicina, Doctor Donald Westphall, lo que lo llevará a ser nominado a cuatro Premios Emmy en la categoría Mejor Actor en una Serie de Televisión, obteniéndolo en 1983. Después de una problemática salida de la serie en 1987, retorna para 2 episodios más de la serie, incluyendo el final de ésta en 1988.
 Roles notables
 Sumando a sus seis años como el Dr. Donald Westphall en St. Elsewhere, Flanders es también conocido por imitar al presidente de EEUU Harry Truman varias veces en diferentes producciones. En filmes, Flanders protagonizó dos importantes roles en películas oscuras basadas en las novelas de William Peter Blatty. En una de ellas, The Ninth Configuration, Flanders desempeña el papel del coronel Richard Fell.
 Últimos años y muerte
 Flanders continuó trabajando hasta principios de los años 1990, cuando ya sufría de depresión, particularmente luego de 1992, cuando se divorció de su segunda esposa y tenía problemas financieros en su rancho de California. Finalmente se suicida disparándose el 22 de febrero de 1995 en Denny, California.
 Filmografía
 Cine
 Televisión
 Nominaciones y premios
 Nominaciones al Emmy
 1979 - Mejor actor de reparto en una serie limitada o un especial, por: "Backstairs at the White House"
 1985 - Mejor Actor Principal en Serie Dramática, por: "St. Elsewhere"
 1986 - Mejor Actor Principal en Serie Dramática, por: "St. Elsewhere"
 1987 - Mejor Actor Principal en Serie Dramática, por: "St. Elsewhere"
 Premios Emmy
 1976 - Rendimiento Individual Extraordinario por un Actor de Reparto en Comedia o drama Especial, por: "A Moon for the Misbegotten"
 1977 - Mejor actor en un drama o comedia especial, por: "Harry S. Truman: Plain Speaking"
 1983 - Mejor Actor Principal en Serie Dramática, por: "St. Elsewhere"
 Premios Tony
 1974 - Premio Tony al mejor actor de reparto en una presentación dramática por "A Moon for the Misbegotten" de Eugene O'Neill.
 Referencias
 Actores de televisión de Estados Unidos
 Actores de cine de Estados Unidos
 Nacidos en Minneapolis
 Suicidas de Estados Unidos
 Suicidas por arma de fuego
 Suicidios masculinos
 Suicidios en 1995


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Maikls Viljams "Maiks" Komrijs (; dzimis Edmontonā, Kanādā) ir bijušais kanādiešu hokejists, centra uzbrucējs. Karjeras laikā aizvadījis 589 spēles Nacionālajā hokeja līgā, tajās gūstos 365 punktus. Kanādas hokeja izlases rindās kļuvis par 2003. gada Pasaules čempionu.
 Karjera
 1999. gada NHL draftā viņu izraudzījās Edmontonas "Oilers" trešajā kārtā ar kopējo 91. kārtas numuru. "Oilers" sastāvā spēlēja no 2000. līdz 2003. gadam, kad tika aizmainīts uz Filadelfijas "Flyers", neilgu laiku nospēlēja arī Fīniksas "Coyotes" sastāvā. 2004.—2005. gada NHL lokauta laikā viņš spēlēja Zviedrijas Elitsērijas līgas kluba Farjestadas BK rindās, 10 spēlēs gūstot vienus vārtus un atdodot 6 rezultatīvas piespēles. Pēc tam atgriezās NHL, divas sezonas aizvadot "Coyotes" vienībā. 2006.—2007. gada sezonas laikā M. Komrijs pārgāja uz Otavas "Senators" (sasniedza Stenlija kausa izcīņas finālu, kurā viņa pārstāvētā vienība zaudēja Anahaimas "Ducks"), taču jau nākamajā sezonā pārstāvēja Ņujorkas "Islanders", kur aizvadīja pusotru sezonu, pēc tam atgriezās "Senators" rindās. 2009.—2010. gada sezonā viņš pārstāvēja "Oilers", savukārt 2010.—2011. gada sezonā — Pitsburgas "Penguins". 2012. gada februārī paziņojas par karjeras beigšanu.
 Kanādas hokeja izlases sastāvā piedalījies 2002., 2003. un 2006. gada Pasaules čempionātos, 2003. gadā izcīnot zelta medaļas.
 Ārējās saites
 1980. gadā dzimušie
 Kanādas hokejisti
 Edmontonas "Oilers" spēlētāji
 Filadelfijas "Flyers" spēlētāji
 Arizonas "Coyotes" spēlētāji
 Otavas "Senators" spēlētāji
 Ņujorkas "Islanders" spēlētāji
 Pitsburgas "Penguins" spēlētāji
 Edmontonā dzimušie


type: legislation

jurisdiction: US

text:
 116 HR 8436 IH: Equal Health Care for All Act
 U.S. House of Representatives
 2020-09-29
 text/xml
 EN
 Pursuant to Title 17 Section 105 of the United States Code, this file is not subject to copyright protection and is in the public domain.
 I116th CONGRESS2d SessionH. R. 8436IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVESSeptember 29, 2020Mr. Schiff (for himself, Ms. Bass, Mr. Grijalva, Mr. Cooper, Mrs. Hayes, Mr. Khanna, Ms. Scanlon, Ms. Norton, and Ms. Lee of California) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Energy and Commerce, and in addition to the Committee on Ways and Means, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concernedA BILLTo prohibit discrimination in health care and require the provision of equitable health care, and for other purposes.1.Short titleThis Act may be cited as the Equal Health Care for All Act. 2.FindingsCongress finds the following:(1)In 1966, Martin Luther King, Jr., said, Of all the forms of inequality, injustice in health care is the most shocking and inhuman because it often results in physical death..(2)Inequality in health care remains a persistent and devastating reality for many communities, but, in particular, communities of color.(3)Unequal health care has complex causes, many stemming from systemic inequality in access to health care, housing, nutrition, economic opportunity, education, and other factors.(4)Health care outcomes for African-American communities in particular lag far behind those of the population as a whole.(5)Dr. Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, said on April 7, 2020, the coronavirus outbreak is shining a bright light on unacceptable health disparities in the African-American community.(6)A contributing factor in health disparities is explicit and implicit bias in the delivery of health care, resulting in inferior care and poorer outcomes for some patients on the basis of race or ethnicity.(7)The Institute of Medicine issued a report in 2002 titled Unequal Treatment, finding that racial and ethnic minorities receive lower-quality health care than Whites do, even when insurance status, income, age, and severity of condition is comparable.(8)Just as Congress has sought to eliminate bias, both explicit and implicit, in employment, housing, and other parts of our society, the elimination of bias and the legacy of structural racism in health care is of paramount importance.3.Data collection and reporting(a)Required reporting(1)In generalThe Secretary of Health and Human Services, in consultation with Director of the National Institutes of Health, the Director of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, the Director of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, the Deputy Assistant Secretary for Minority Health, and the Director of the National Center for Health Statistics, shall by regulation require all health care providers and facilities that are required under other provisions of law to report data on health outcomes to the Department of Health and Human Services to disaggregate such data by demographic characteristics, including by race, ethnicity, sex, sexual orientation, disability status, gender identity, age, and any other factor that the Secretary determines would be useful for determining a pattern of inequitable health care.(2)Proposed regulationsNot later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Health and Human Services shall issue proposed regulations to carry out paragraph (1).(b)RepositoryThe Secretary of Health and Human Services shall—(1)not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, establish a repository of the disaggregated data reported pursuant to subsection (a);(2)subject to paragraph (3), make the data in such repository publicly available; and(3)ensure that such repository does not contain any data that is individually identifiable.4.Requiring equitable health care in the hospital value-based purchasing program(a)Equitable health care as value measurementSection 1886(b)(3)(B)(viii) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395ww(b)(3)(B)(viii)) is amended by adding at the end the following new subclause:(XIII)(aa)Effective for payments beginning with fiscal year 2022, in expanding the number of measures under subclause (III), the Secretary shall adopt measures that relate to equitable health care furnished by hospitals in inpatient settings.(bb)In carrying out this subclause, the Secretary shall solicit input and recommendations from individuals and groups representing communities of color and ensure measures adopted pursuant to this subclause account for social determinants of health care outcomes.(cc)For purposes of this subclause, the term equitable health care refers to the principle that quality of care provided to an individual shall not vary on account of the real or perceived race, ethnicity, sex, sexual orientation, disability status, gender identity, or age of such individual..(b)Inclusion of equitable health care measuresSection 1886(o)(2)(B) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395ww(o)(2)(B)) is amended by adding at the end the following new clause:(iv)Inclusion of equitable health care measuresBeginning in fiscal year 2021, measures selected under subparagraph (A) shall include the equitable health care measures described under subsection (b)(3)(B)(viii)(XIII)..5.Provision of inequitable health care as a basis for permissive exclusion from Medicare and State health care programsSection 1128(b) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1320a–7(b)) is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph:(18)Provision of inequitable health careAny individual or entity that the Secretary determines has engaged in a pattern of providing inequitable health care (as defined in section 7 of the Equality in Health Care for All Act) on the basis of race, ethnicity, sex, sexual orientation, disability status, gender identity, age, or any other protected class. .6.Office of Civil Rights and Health Equity of the Department of Health and Human Services(a)Name of officeThe Office for Civil Rights of the Department of Health and Human Services shall, beginning on the date of enactment of this Act, be known as the Office of Civil Rights and Health Equity. Any reference to the Office for Civil Rights in any law, regulation, map, document, record, or other paper of the United States shall be deemed to be a reference to the Office of Civil Rights and Health Equity.(b)Head of officeThe head of the Office of Civil Rights and Health Equity shall be the Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights and Health Equity, to be appointed by the President with advice and consent of the Senate. Any reference to the head of the Office for Civil Rights of the Department of Health and Human Services in any law, regulation, map, document, record, or other paper of the United States shall be deemed to be a reference to the Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights and Health Equity.7.Prohibiting discrimination in health care(a)In generalNo health care provider or entity providing health care may, on the basis of race, ethnicity, sex, sexual orientation, disability status, gender identity, age, subject another to inequitable health care.(b)DefinitionIn this section, the term inequitable health care means any service provided by a health care provider or entity providing health care that—(1)is discriminatory in intent or effect; and(2)results in a disparate outcome for an individual based at least in part on their membership in a protected class.8.Administrative complaint and conciliation process(a)Complaints and answers(1)In generalAn aggrieved person may, not later than one year after an alleged violation of section 7 has occurred or terminated, file a complaint with the Assistant Secretary alleging discriminatory health care by a health care provider. (2)ComplaintA complaint submitted pursuant to paragraph (1) shall be in writing and shall contain such information and be in such form as the Assistant Secretary requires.(3)ProcedureUpon the filing of such a complaint—(A)the Assistant Secretary shall serve notice upon the aggrieved person acknowledging receipt of such filing and advising the aggrieved person of the time limits and procedures provided under this section and sections 9 and 10;(B)the Assistant Secretary shall, not later than 10 days after receipt of such filing serve on the respondent alleged to have provided discriminatory care a notice of the complaint and advise the provider of the procedural rights and obligations of respondents under this section and sections 9 and 10, together with a copy of the original complaint; (C)a respondent may file, not later than 30 days after receipt of notice from the Assistant Secretary, an answer to such complaint;(D)the Assistant Secretary shall make an investigation of the alleged discriminatory health care practice and complete such investigation within 100 days after the filing of the complaint, unless it is impracticable to do so; and(E)the Assistant Secretary shall notify State licensing authorities with authority over the respondent of the complaint and provide a copy of the complaint and the final disposition of the complaint. (4)InvestigationIf the Assistant Secretary is unable to complete the investigation within 100 days after the filing of the complaint (or, when the Secretary takes further action under subsection (f)(2) with respect to a complaint, within 100 days after the commencement of such further action), the Assistant Secretary shall notify the complainant and respondent in writing of the reasons for not doing so. (5)Oath or affirmationComplaints and answers shall be under oath or affirmation, and may be reasonably and fairly modified at any time.(6)Pattern of careIn the course of investigating a complaint, the Assistant Secretary may seek records of care provided to patients other than the complainant if necessary to demonstrate or disprove an allegation of inequitable health care.(7)Accounting for social determinants of healthIn investigating a complaint and reaching a determination, the Assistant Secretary shall account for social determinants of health and their effect on health care outcomes.(b)Investigative report and conciliation(1)ConciliationDuring the period beginning with the filing of such complaint and ending with the resolution of a complaint or a dismissal by the Assistant Secretary, the Assistant Secretary shall, to the extent feasible, engage in conciliation with respect to such complaint.(2)Conciliation agreementA conciliation agreement arising out of such conciliation shall be an agreement between the respondent and the complainant, and shall be subject to approval by the Assistant Secretary.(3)Rights protectedThe Assistant Secretary shall approve a conciliation agreement only if it protects the rights of the aggrieved person and other persons similarly situated.(4)Publicly available(A)In generalSubject to subparagraph (B), a redacted copy of a conciliation agreement entered into pursuant to this section shall be made available to the public unless the complainant and respondent otherwise agree, and the Secretary determines, that disclosure is not required to further the purposes of this section.(B)LimitationA conciliation agreement that is made available to the public pursuant to subparagraph (A) may not disclose personally identifiable information or individually identifiable health information.(5)Report(A)Final reportAt the end of each investigation under this section, the Assistant Secretary shall prepare a final investigative report.(B)Modification of reportA final report under this paragraph may be modified if additional evidence is later discovered.(c)Failure To comply with conciliation agreementWhenever the Assistant Secretary has reasonable cause to believe that a health care provider has breached a conciliation agreement, the Assistant Secretary shall refer the matter to the Attorney General for consideration of the filing of a civil action for the enforcement of such agreement.(d)Prohibitions and requirements with respect to disclosure of information(1)Written consent for disclosureNothing said or done in the course of conciliation under this section may be made public or used as evidence in a subsequent proceeding under this section or section 9 or 10 without the written consent of the persons concerned.(2)Investigation disclosuresNotwithstanding paragraph (1), the Assistant Secretary shall make available to the aggrieved person and the respondent, at any time, upon request following completion of the Assistant Secretary’s investigation, information derived from an investigation and any final investigative report relating to that investigation.(e)Prompt judicial action(1)In generalIf the Assistant Secretary concludes at any time following the filing of a complaint that prompt judicial action is necessary to carry out the purposes of this section or section 9 or 10, the Assistant Secretary may recommend that the Attorney General promptly commence an action. (2)Immediate suitIf the Assistant Secretary determines that the public interest would be served by allowing the complainant to bring a civil action in a State or Federal court immediately, the Assistant Secretary shall certify that the administrative process has concluded and that the complainant may file such a suit immediately. (f)Annual reportNot later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, the Assistant Secretary shall make publicly available a report detailing the activities of the Office under this section, including—(1)the number of complaints filed and the basis on which they were filed;(2)the number of investigations undertaken as a result of such complaints; and(3)the disposition of all investigations.(g)DefinitionsIn this section and sections 9 and 10: (1)Assistant SecretaryThe term Assistant Secretary refers to the Assistant Secretary of Health and Human Services for Civil Rights and Health Equity.(2)Aggrieved personThe term aggrieved person means a person who believes that they were injured by a violation of section 7, or the personal representative or estate of the deceased person. (3)ConciliationThe term conciliation means the attempted resolution of issues raised by a complaint, or by the investigation of such complaint, through informal negotiations involving the aggrieved person, the respondent, and the Secretary.(4)Conciliation agreementThe term conciliation agreement means a written agreement setting forth the resolution of the issues in conciliation.(5)Individually identifiable health informationThe term individually identifiable health information means any information, including demographic information collected from an individual, that—(A)is created or received by a health care provider, health plan, employer, or health care clearinghouse; and(B)relates to the past, present, or future physical or mental health or condition of an individual, the provision of health care to an individual, or the past, present, or future payment for the provision of health care to an individual, and—(i)identifies the individual; or (ii)with respect to which there is a reasonable basis to believe that the information can be used to identify the individual.(6)Inequitable health careThe term inequitable health care has the meaning given the term under section 7.(7)Personally identifiable informationThe term personally identifiable information has the meaning given such term under the regulations promulgated under section 264(c) of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996.(8)RespondentThe term respondent means the person or other entity accused in a complaint of a violation of section 7.9.Enforcement by private persons(a)In general(1)Civil action(A)In suitAn aggrieved person may commence a civil action to obtain appropriate relief with respect to an alleged violation of section 7 or an enforcement action for breach of a conciliation agreement in an appropriate United States district court or State court—(i)not later than 2 years after the occurrence or termination of the alleged violation; and(ii)not sooner than the earlier of the conclusion of the administrative process and 180 days after the alleged violation.(B)Statute of limitationsThe computation of such 2-year period shall not include any time during which an administrative proceeding under section 8 was pending with respect to a complaint under such section.(2)Barring suitIf the Assistant Secretary has obtained a conciliation agreement with the consent of an aggrieved person, no action may be filed under this subsection by such aggrieved person with respect to the alleged violation of section 7 except for the purpose of enforcing the terms of such an agreement. (b)Relief which may be granted(1)In generalIn a civil action under subsection (a), if the court finds that a violation of section 7 or breach of a conciliation agreement has occurred, the court may award to the plaintiff actual and punitive damages, and may grant as relief, as the court deems appropriate, any permanent or temporary injunction, temporary restraining order, or other order (including an order enjoining the defendant from engaging in such practice or ordering such affirmative action as may be appropriate).(2)Fees and costsIn a civil action under subsection (a), the court, in its discretion, may allow the prevailing party, other than the United States, a reasonable attorney’s fee and costs. The United States shall be liable for such fees and costs to the same extent as a private person.(c)Intervention by Attorney GeneralUpon timely application, the Attorney General may intervene in such civil action, if the Attorney General certifies that the case is of general public importance.10.Enforcement by the Attorney General(a)Pattern or practice casesWhenever the Attorney General has reasonable cause to believe that any person or entity is engaged in a pattern or practice that denies the rights specified in section 7 and such denial raises an issue of general public importance, the Attorney General may commence a civil action in any appropriate United States district court.(b)ConsultationThe Assistant Secretary may determine, based on a pattern of complaints, a pattern of violations, a review of data reported by a health care provider, or any others mean, that there is reasonable cause to believe a health care provider is engaged in a pattern or practice that denies the rights specified in section 7. If the Assistant Secretary makes such a determination, they shall refer their findings to the Attorney General.(c)Enforcement of subpoenasThe Attorney General, on behalf of the Assistant Secretary, or other party at whose request a subpoena is issued, under this section, may enforce such subpoena in appropriate proceedings in the United States district court for the district in which the person to whom the subpoena was addressed resides, was served, or transacts business.(d)Relief which may be granted in civil actions under subsections (a) and (b)(1)In generalIn a civil action under subsection (a) or (b), the court—(A)may award such preventive relief, including a permanent or temporary injunction, restraining order, or other order against the person responsible for a violation of section 7 as is necessary to assure the full enjoyment of the rights granted by this section and sections 8 and 9;(B)may award such other relief as the court deems appropriate, including monetary damages to persons aggrieved; and(C)may, to vindicate the public interest, assess a civil penalty against the respondent—(i)in an amount not exceeding $500,000, for a first violation; and(ii)in an amount not exceeding $1,000,000, for any subsequent violation.(2)Fees and costsIn a civil action under this section, the court, in its discretion, may allow the prevailing party, other than the United States, a reasonable attorney’s fee and costs. The United States shall be liable for such fees and costs to the extent provided by section 2412 of title 28, United States Code.(e)Intervention in civil actionsUpon timely application, any person may intervene in a civil action commenced by the Attorney General under subsection (a) or (b) which involves an alleged violation of section 7 with respect to which such person is an aggrieved person or a conciliation agreement to which such person is a party.11.Federal Health Equity Commission(a)Establishment of Commission(1)In generalThere is established the Federal Health Equity Commission (hereinafter in this section referred to as the Commission).(2)MembershipThe Commission shall be composed of 8 members. Not more than 4 of the members shall at any one time be of the same political party. Members shall have recognized expertise in and personal experience with racial and ethnic health disparities, health care needs of vulnerable and marginalized populations, and health equity as a vehicle for improving health status and health outcomes. Members shall be appointed to the commission as follows:(A)Four members of the Commission shall be appointed by the President.(B)Two members of the Commission shall be appointed by the President pro tempore of the Senate, upon the recommendations of the majority leader and the minority leader of the Senate, and of the members appointed pursuant to this subparagraph not more than one shall be appointed from the same political party.(C)Two members of the Commission shall be appointed by the Speaker of the House of Representatives upon the recommendations of the majority leader and the minority leader of the House of Representatives, and of the members appointed pursuant to this subparagraph not more than one shall be appointed from the same political party.(3)TermsThe term of office of each member of the Commission shall be 6 years.(4)Chairperson; Vice Chairperson(A)ChairpersonThe President shall, with the concurrence of a majority of the Commission’s members, designate a Chairperson from among the Commission’s members.(B)Vice Chairperson(i)DesignationThe Speaker of the House of Representatives shall, in consultation with the majority leader and the minority leader of the House of Representatives and with the concurrence of a majority of the Commission’s members, designate a Vice Chairperson from among the Commission’s members. The Vice Chairperson may not be a member of the same political party as the Chairperson.(ii)DutyThe Vice Chairperson shall act in place of the Chairperson in the absence of the Chairperson.(5)Removal of membersThe President may remove a member of the Commission only for neglect of duty or malfeasance in office.(6)QuorumFive members of the Commission constitute a quorum of the Commission.(7)Ex-officio membersIn addition to the members appointed under paragraph (2), the Commission shall have the following nonvoting ex officio members:(A)The Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights and Health Equity of the Department of Health and Human Services.(B)The Deputy Assistant Secretary for Minority Health of the Department of Health and Human Services.(C)The Director of the National Institute for Minority Health and Health Disparities.(D)The Chairperson of the Advisory Committee on Minority Health established under section 1707 of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 300u–6).(b)Duties of the Commission(1)In generalThe Commission shall—(A)monitor and report on the implementation of the Equality in Health Care for All Act; and(B)investigate, monitor, and report on progress towards health equity and the elimination of health disparities.(2)Annual reportThe Commission shall—(A)submit to the President and Congress at least one report annually on health equity and health disparities; and(B)include in such report—(i)a description of actions taken by the Department of Health and Human Services and any other Federal agency related to health equity or health disparities; and(ii)recommendations on ensuring equal health care and eliminating health disparities.(3)Hearings and Authorities(A)Power to hold hearingsThe Commission may, for the purpose of carrying out this section, hold such hearings as the Commission deems advisable. Each member of the Commission shall have the power to administer oaths and affirmations in connection with the proceedings of the Commission. The Commission may hold a hearing only if the hearing is approved by a majority of the Commission, or by a majority of the members present at a meeting when a quorum is present.(B)Power to issue subpoenasThe Commission may issue subpoenas for the attendance of witnesses and the production of written or other matter.(C)Witness feesA witness attending any proceeding of the Commission shall be paid the same fees and mileage that are paid witnesses in the courts of the United States.(D)Depositions and interrogatoriesThe Commission may use depositions and written interrogatories to obtain information and testimony about matters that are the subject of a Commission hearing or report.(c)Administrative Provisions(1)Staff(A)DirectorThere shall be a full-time staff director for the Commission who shall—(i)serve as the administrative head of the Commission; and(ii)be appointed by the Chairperson with the concurrence of the Vice Chairperson.(B)Other personnelThe Commission may—(i)appoint such other personnel as it deems advisable, subject to the provisions of title 5, United States Code, governing appointments in the competitive service, and the provisions of chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of that title relating to classification and General Schedule pay rates; and(ii)may procure temporary and intermittent services under section 3109(b) of title 5, United States Code, at rates for individuals not in excess of the daily equivalent paid for positions at the maximum rate for GS–15 of the General Schedule under section 5332 of title 5, United States Code.(2)Compensation of members(A)In generalEach member of the Commission who is not otherwise in the service of the Government of the United States shall receive a sum equivalent to the compensation paid at level IV of the Executive Schedule under section 5315 of title 5, United States Code, prorated on a daily basis for time spent in the work of the Commission.(B)Persons otherwise in government serviceEach member of the Commission who is otherwise in the service of the Government of the United States shall serve without compensation in addition to that received for such other service, but while engaged in the work of the Commission shall be paid actual travel expenses and per diem in lieu of subsistence expenses when away from such member’s usual place of residence, under subchapter I of chapter 57 of title 5, United States Code.(3)RulesThe Commission may make such rules as are necessary to carry out the purposes of this section.(4)CooperationAll Federal agencies shall cooperate fully with the Commission to the end that it may effectively carry out its functions and duties.(d)Authorization of appropriationsThere are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out the duties of the Commission for each of fiscal years 2021 through 2025.12.Grants for hospitals to promote equitable health care and outcomes(a)In generalNot later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Health and Human Services (in this section referred to as the Secretary) shall award grants to hospitals to promote equitable health care and reduce disparities in care and outcomes.(b)ConsultationIn establishing the criteria for grants under this section and evaluating applications for such grants, the Secretary shall consult with the Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights and Health Equity of the Department of Health and Human Services.(c)Use of fundsA hospital shall use funds received from a grant under this section to establish or expand programs to provide equal care to all patients and to ensure equitable health care outcomes. Such uses may include—(1)providing explicit and implicit bias training to medical providers and staff;(2)providing translation or interpretation services for patients;(3)recruiting and training a diverse workforce;(4)tracking data related to care and outcomes; and(5)training on cultural sensitivity.(d)PriorityIn awarding grants under this section, the Secretary shall give priority to hospitals that have received disproportionate share hospital payments under section 1886(r) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395ww) or section 1925 of such Act (42 U.S.C. 1396r–6) with respect to fiscal year 2020.(e)Supplement, not supplantGrants awarded under this section shall be used to supplement, not supplant, any other Federal funds provided to a recipient.(f)Equitable health care definedThe term equitable health care has the meaning given the term in section 1886(b)(3)(B)(viii)(XIII)(cc) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395ww(b)(3)(B)(viii)(XIII)(cc)), as amended by this Act.(g)Authorization of appropriationsTo carry out this section, there are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary for fiscal years 2021 through 2026.


text:
A mirtuszolaj a közönséges mirtuszból (Myrtus communis) nyert illóolaj, amit általában víz- vagy vízgőz-desztillációval állítanak elő a növény leveleiből, ritkábban a fás részeiből, virágaiból, terméséből. Megjelenése sárga vagy halványsárga folyadék, illata jellegzetes, kellemes. Összetételét tekintve többféle vegyületből álló keverék, amelyben leginkább terpének, terpenoidok és fenilpropanoidok fordulnak elő.
 Felhasználják az élelmiszeriparban, a szesziparban, az illatszeriparban, a kozmetikai iparban, a gyógyászatban, illetve a hagyományos orvoslásban is.
 Laboratóriumi körülmények között baktériumellenes, gombaellenes, és antioxidáns hatás tekintetében változó hatékonyságot mutatott.
 A mirtuszolajat már az ókorban is ismerték és használták.
 Magyarországon forgalomba hozható gyógynövénytermékként, amely vonatkozásban a mirtuszolaj elnevezésen kívül a Myrti aetheroleum, illetve Aetheroleum myrti név használható.
 Tulajdonságai
 A mirtuszolaj sárga vagy halványsárga folyadék, mely jellegzetes, kellemes illattal rendelkezik.
 A növényt vizsgáló egyik tanulmány szerint a mirtusz leveléből kivont illóolajnak friss, virágos illata van. Az éretlen gyümölcséből előállított illóolaj a levél illóolajához hasonló illattal rendelkezik. Ezzel szemben az érett gyümölcs illóolaja esetén keveredik a fanyar, terpénszerű szag és az erős eukaliptolillat.
 Összetétele
 A Myrtus communis illóolajának összetevői három főbb csoportba sorolhatók: terpének, terpenoidok és fenilpropanoidok. A legjelentősebbnek számító összetevő az α-pinén és az 1,8-cineol.
 Az olaj főbb összetevői közül a mirtenil-acetát csak bizonyos termőhelyekről származó mirtuszokban fordul elő, így jelenléte alapján következtetni lehet a kemotípusra. Előfordulását kimutatták Törökország, Horvátország, Albánia, Marokkó, Spanyolország, Portugália területeiről származó mirtuszolajban. A mirtenil-acetát hiányáról számoltak be Tunéziában, Görögországban, Olaszország Szardínia szigetén, és Franciaország Korzika szigetén lévő populációk esetén.
 A mirtuszolaj kemotípusok szerinti osztályozására Bradesi és munkatársai tettek javaslatot 1997-ben publikált tanulmányukban. Eszerint a növény illóolaja két csoportra osztható a mirtenil-acetát mennyiségétől függően. Mindkét csoport tovább osztható két alcsoportra az α-pinén mirtenil-acetáthoz vagy cineolhoz mért relatív aránya alapján.
 Felhasználása
 A mirtuszolajat felhasználják az élelmiszeriparban húsárukhoz, szószokhoz, süteményekhez, illetve fűszerezéshez és tartósításhoz. A szesziparban keserű italok és likőrök készítése során hasznáják fel. Ezen kívül használják még az illatszeriparban, a kozmetikai iparban, valamint a gyógyszeriparban és a hagyományos orvoslásban is.
 Aromaterápia során alkalmazzák szamárköhögés, hörghurut (bronchitis) és egyéb légzőszervi fertőzések kezelésére. Köptetőszerként is használják.
 Farmakológiai hatásai
 A mirtusz illóolajának baktériumellenes hatásával több kutatásban is foglalkoztak. A kísérletek során mérsékelt, közepes, illetve jelentős antibakteriális hatást mértek.
 Gombafajok elleni aktivitásával szintén foglalkozott több publikáció is, melyekben mérsékelt, közepes, illetve jelentős antifungális hatást mértek in vitro körülmények között.
 A mirtuszból nyert illóolaj antioxidáns hatás tekintetében mérsékelt, közepes, illetve jelentős hatást mutatott fel.
 A mirtuszolaj gyulladáscsökkentő hatását figyelték meg egérből származó sejtvonal kultúrában. Több másik kutatás során élő patkányokon végeztek kísérletet, melyek során szintén eredményesnek mutatkozott gyulladáscsökkentés szempontjából a növény olaja.
 Cukorbeteg nyulakon és patkányokon végzett kísérletek arra engednek következtetni, hogy a mirtuszolaj alkalmas lehet diabétesz (diabetes mellitus) kezelésére.
 Emberen végzett klinikai tesztek azt mutatták, hogy bizonyos illóolaj-keverékek szájon át alkalmazva csökkenthetik a vírusos eredetű, akut légzőszervi fertőzések (hörghurut és arcüreggyulladás) tüneteit. Ilyen termék pl. a Myrtol nevű készítmény, amely eukaliptuszolaj, édesnarancsolaj, mirtuszolaj és citromolaj keverékét tartalmazza 66:32:1:1 arányban. Három klinikai teszt során azt mutatták az eredmények, hogy az illóolaj-keverék az akut hörghuruttal és az akut arcüreggyulladással járó tünetek súlyosságának és lefolyási idejének enyhítésében klinikailag hatásos volt.
 Megjegyzések
 Hivatkozások
 Kapcsolódó szócikkek
 Illóolajok listája
 Illóolajok


text:
Is é an Ceann Comhairle ná an cathaoirleach i nDáil Éireann, an teach íseal den Oireachtas (parlaimint Phoblacht na hÉireann). Bíonn toghchán ann don phost seo i gcéad seisiún gach Dáil nua, tar éis an olltoghcháin. Is é Seán Barret (Fine Gael) an Ceann Comhairle faoi láthair.
 Cruthaíodh an oifig seo sa bhliain 1919 nuair a bunaíodh an Chéad Dáil, agus b'é Cathal Brugha an chéad duine a bhí tofa mar Cheann Comhairle.
 Cinn Chomhairle
 Tagairtí
 Naisc sheachtracha
 Suíomh oifigiúil.
 Polaitíocht Phoblacht na hÉireann
 Dáil Éireann


type: caselaw

text:
 21.12.2013
 CS
 Úřední věstník Evropské unie
 C 377/21
 Rozsudek Soudu pro veřejnou službu (prvního senátu) ze dne 5. listopadu 2013 — Hanschmann v. Europol
 (Věc F-104/12) (1)
 (Veřejná služba - Zaměstnanci Europolu - Neprodloužení smlouvy - Odmítnutí uzavřít smlouvu na dobu neurčitou - Zrušení Soudem - Splnění povinností vyplývajících z rozsudku Soudu)
 2013/C 377/49
 Jednací jazyk: nizozemština
 Účastníci řízení
 Žalobce: Ingo Hanschmann (Leipzig, Allemagne) (zástupci: W. J. Dammingh a N. D. Dane, advokáti)
 Žalovaný: Evropský policejní úřad (zástupci: D. Neumann a D. El Khoury, zmocněnci, B. Wägenbaur, advokát)
 Předmět věci
 Návrh na zrušení rozhodnutí Europolu přijatého ke splnění povinností vyplývajících z rozsudku Soudu pro veřejnou službu ze dne 29. června 2010 ve věci Hanschmann v. Europol, F-27/09, jímž Europol přiznal žalobci paušální částku jako náhradu škody, jež mu byla způsobena přijetím rozhodnutí, které bylo uvedeným rozsudkem zrušeno
 Výrok rozsudku
 1)
 Rozhodnutí ze dne 28. listopadu 2011, kterým Evropský policejní úřad přiznal I. Hanschmannovi částku 13 000 eur za účelem splnění povinností vyplývajících z rozsudku Soudu ze dne 29. června 2010, Hanschmann v. Europol (F-27/09), se zrušuje.
 2)
 Evropský policejní úřad ponese vlastní náklady řízení a nahradí náklady řízení vynaložené I. Hanschmannem.
 (1) Úř. věst. C 26, 26.1.2013, s. 70.