text:
No>'L 53 38 Official Journal of the European Communities 25 . 2 . 74
 AGREEMENT
 between the European Economic Community and Mauritius on the supply of flour
 of common wheat as food aid
 THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,
 of the one part,
 THE GOVERNMENT OF MAURITIUS ,
 of the other part,
 HAVE DECIDED to conclude this Agreement and to this end have designated as their
 Plenipotentiaries :
 THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES :
 THE GOVERNMENT OF MAURITIUS :
 WHO HAVE AGREED AS FOLLOWS :
 Article I of the product from ports of shipment to places of
 destination .
 As part of its Food Aid Programme ( Cereals) for
 1972/73 , the European Economic Community , here It undertakes to exercise the greatest possible care
 inafter referred to as the ' Community', shall supply to ensure chat the tendering arrangements for the
 Mauritius, hereinafter referred to as the ' recipient transiport by sea shall not be prejudicial to the free
 country' by way of gift with 12 000 metric tons of play of fair competition . Any problems arising in
 common wheat, in the form of 7 947 metric tons of this connection shall be the subject of consultations
 flour of common wheat . under Article IX .
 Article 11
 Article V
 Deliveries will be made fob to Community ports in
 new jute or jute-aloe sacks each having a net weight
 The recipient country undertakes to use the product
 of 67 kilogrammes .
 received as aid for purposes of consumption and to
 apply , for the sale of the product on its market, the
 Article III
 prices normally charged on that market for
 The obligations and responsibilities of the Commu products of comparable quality .
 nity and of the recipient country relating in parti
 cular to delivery and the taking of delivery respec The proceeds from this sale, less the cost of sea
 tively are defined in the Annex , which forms an inte transport, of insurance and the normal cost of
 gral part of this Agreement . selling the product on the recipient country's
 market, shall be paid into a special account witlh
 Article IV the general accounts department of that country and
 allocated to the financing of one or more develop
 The recipient country undertakes to make all neces ment schemes proposed by the recipient country
 sary arrangements for the transport and insurance and approved by the Community .
 ---pagebreak--- 25 . 2 . 74 Official Journal of the European Communities No L 53 /39
 Article VI sion of the European Communities with the
 following information :
 The Contracting Parties undertake to implement
 -this Agreement in such a way as to avoid any preju 1 . Not later than 30 days after the unloading of
 dice to die normal structure of domestic production each cargo : port and date of arrival of the
 and international trade . To this end they shall take vessel ; nature, quantity and quality of the
 any measures required to ensure that aid supplies products unloaded ; date on which unloading
 are in addition to, and do not replace, commercial was completed ;
 transactions which might reasonably be expected in
 the absence of such supplies. In particular, the recip 2 . Every three months until the quantities received
 ient country undertakes to import commercially as aid have been fully used : quantities sold,
 from whatever source between 1 July 1973 and 30 how they have been sold, selling prices ; normal
 June 1974 a minimum quantity of 53 000 metric selling costs on the recipient country's market ;
 tons of flour of common wheat or its equivalent in 3 . On 15 January every year until the special
 common wheat.
 account has been fully used :
 ( a ) state of this account ( deposits and with
 Article VII drawals ) on 31 December of the preceding
 year ;
 The recipient country shall take all appropriate
 measures to prevent : ( b ) progress achieved in the project or projects,
 with an indication of the total amount of
 — the re-export of the product received as aid and financing carried out at that stage.
 of products resulting from such supplies ;
 — the export, commercially or otherwise, within Article IX
 six months of the last delivery, of either At the request of either of tthem, the Contracting
 common wheat produced locally of the same Parties shall consult each other on any questions
 nature as that used to obtain the flour received
 concerning the implementation of this Agreement.
 as aid or any by-products resulting therefrom .
 Article X
 Article VIII
 This Agreement shall be drawn up in duplicate in
 The recipient country undertakes to inform the the Danish, Dutch, English, French, German and
 Community of the mode af implementation of this Italian languages, each of these texts being authen
 Agreement. To this end it shall provide the Commis tic .
 ANNEX
 Provisions laid down in Article III of the Agreement
 Article 1 destination and the carrier must have been agreed upon
 in advance by the agent of the recipient country and the
 Delivery shall foe effected and all risk shall pass from the authorized agent of the Community referred to in Article
 Community to the recipient country at the moment at 9.
 which the goods have been placed in the ship's hold at
 the port of shipment. Article 2
 The recipient couintry shall bear all costs subsequent to The Community shall notify the recipient country in
 delivery of the goods, including costs of stowage and, good time of the port or ports of shipment, the quanti
 where appropriate, of trimming and bagging. ties to be delivered at each port, the period within which
 loading must foegin, and the daily loading rate.
 Any demurrage or dispatch money at the port of ship Article 3
 ment shall ( be a charge on or for the benefit of the
 Community and shall foe determined before the vessel The Community must be prepared to load the goods on
 sails. The rates and detailed arrangements relating the date resulting from the instructions in Article 8,
 thereto laid down in the contract between the country of whereon the vessetl should be ready for loading.
 ---pagebreak--- No L 53 /40 Official Journal of the European Communities 25 . 2. 74
 Article 4 In this event, until the date of loading of the balance or
 until the recipient country gives notice in writing that it
 On delivery of the goods, a tolerance of 5 °/o less than gives up the balance, the goods shall be held at the
 the quantity to be supplied in accordance with Article I expense, risk and peril of the recipient country.
 of the Agreement is permitted .
 The recipient country must notify the Community within
 Article 5 a maximum period of 30 clear days from the beginning
 of loading of the shipment to which the goods should
 Once the goods are on boarid the vessel, the Community have belonged, of the ' date on which loading of the
 shall notify the recipient country of the date of loading, balance is due to begin or of its renunciation of the
 together with the quantity aind quality of the goods as balance .
 recorded on loading.
 If this obligation is not respected, the Community may
 consider that it has discharged its commitment to the
 Article 6 recipient country under Article I of the Agreement.
 The recipient country shall supply the Community,
 Article 8
 within the period referred to 'in Article 2, with a vessel
 of dimensions corresponding to the normal loading The recipient country shall name for the Community the
 potential of the .port of shipment. vessel that is to ship the 'goods at least 10 clear days
 Should it prove impossible for the vessel to begin prior to the estimated date of arrival of the vessel in
 loading within the period referred to in Article 2 and port or where possible 20 clear days prior to this date :
 it shall at the same time indicate how soon after that
 should the recipient country not have notified the
 Community of this fact in writing at the latest by the date the vessel will be ready for loading.
 date on which the vessel should be ready for loading in The recipient country shall insert in the charter party a
 accordance with Article 8, the goods shall be at the clause requiring the captain to inform the Community at
 disposal of the Community. least 72 hours in advance of the vessel's estimated date
 Whatever the . circumstances, the goods shall be held at of arrival in port.
 the expense, risk and peril of the recipient country .
 Article 9
 Article 7 To implement the provisions of this Annex, the Commu
 nity shall appoint an authorized agent, whose name and
 Should the recipient country fail to provide a vessel of
 address it shall make known in good time to the recip
 suitable tonnage or if the quantity made available for
 ient country .
 loading on a vessel of suitable tonnage cannot be put on
 board in its entirety because of circumstances beyond the The recipient country shall nominate a receiving agent in
 control of the Community, the balance shall be loaded each port of shipment, whose name arid address it shall
 onto the next vessel unider the conditions laid down in make known to the Community before the Agreement is
 this Annex . implemented .


type: wikipedia

text:
Salāhs Dīns Jūsufs ibn Aijūbs (, Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn Yūsuf ibn Ayyūb; ; Selahedînê Eyûbî; dzimis 1137. vai 1138. gadā, miris ), Rietumu pasaulē zināms kā Saladīns, bija pirmais Ēģiptes sultāns un Damaskas emīrs, kā arī Aijūbīdu dinastijas dibinātājs. Viņš bija kurdu izcelsmes musulmaņu karavadonis, kas Levantē vadīja musulmaņu pretestību pret eiropiešu krustnešiem. Saladīna varenības ziedu laikos viņa pārvaldītajā sultanātā bija Ēģipte, Sīrija, Mezopotāmija, Hidžāzs un teritorijas Ziemeļāfrikā.
 Kā musulmaņu, tā arī kristiešu kultūrās Saladīns ir iegājis kā galants karotājs pret krustnešiem.
 Viņš aizsargāja savas zemes no krustnešiem un tos uzvarēja Otrajā Krusta karā. Kad sākās Trešais Krusta karš, Saladīna galvenais pretinieks bija Anglijas karalis Ričards I Lauvassirds. Arī šajā karā Saladīnam izdevās ievērojami novājināt krustnešu spēkus.
 Biogrāfija
 Saladīns ir dzimis kurdu ģimenē Tikrītā (mūsdienu Irākas teritorijā) 532. gadā pēc islāma kalendāra. Tas nozīmē, ka viņš ir dzimis laika periodā no līdz . Viņš izauga Alepo, Baalbekā un Damaskā. Pusaudža gados viņš vairāk interesi izrādīja kļūt par zinātnieku nekā karavīru. Saladīna militārā karjera sākās, kad viņš pievienojās tēvoča Širkuha karaspēkam. Širkuhs bija Sīrijas ziemeļos valdošā valdnieka Nūra ad-Dīna armijas komandieris. Kad tēvocis nomira, Saladīnam bija 31 gads. Viņš aizstāja savu tēvoci un kļuva gan par komandieri, gan par Ēģiptes vezīru.
 1171. gadā Saladīns iznīcināja Fatimīdu dinastijas kontrolēto Ēģiptes kalifātu, un pats kļuva par Ēģiptes sultānu. No 1174. līdz 1186. gadam centās apvienot Ēģipti, Sīriju, Palestīnu un Mezopotāmijas ziemeļus zem viena karoga. Saladīns to centās izdarīt galvenokārt diplomātiski, bet, ja bija nepieciešams, izmantoja arī karaspēku. Saladīns iekaroja Jeruzalemi, kas 88 gadus atradās krustnešu rokās. Saladīns iekaroja civilizēti un augstsirdīgi. Tādēļ gan musulmaņu, gan kristiešu kultūrās Saladīns ir iegājis kā galants karotājs pret krustnešiem.
 1189. gadā sākās Trešais Krusta karš, kura mērķis krustnešiem bija atgūt Jeruzalemi. Par Saladīna galveno pretinieku kļuva Anglijas karalis Ričards I Lauvassirds. Arī šajā karā Saladīnam izdevās ievērojami novājināt krustnešu spēkus. 1192. gadā, noslēdzot ar krustnešiem pamieru, Saladīns atgriezās Damaskā. Tur viņš nomira.
 Atsauces
 Ārējās saites
 1130. gados dzimušie
 1193. gadā mirušie
 Krusta kari
 Karavadoņi
 Musulmaņi


type: contracts

jurisdiction: EU

text:
 17.3.2016
 FR
 Journal officiel de l'Union européenne
 L 72/66
 DÉCISION No 1/2016 DU COMITÉ MIXTE UE-ISLANDE
 du 17 février 2016
 modifiant le protocole no 3 à l'accord entre la Communauté économique européenne et la République d'Islande, relatif à la définition de la notion de «produits originaires» et aux méthodes de coopération administrative [2016/386]
 LE COMITÉ MIXTE,
 vu l'accord entre la Communauté économique européenne et la République d'Islande, signé à Bruxelles le 22 juillet 1972 (1) (ci-après dénommé «accord»), et notamment son article 11,
 vu le protocole no 3 à l'accord, relatif à la définition de la notion de «produits originaires» et aux méthodes de coopération administrative (ci-après dénommé «protocole no 3»),
 considérant ce qui suit:
 (1)
 L'article 11 de l'accord fait référence au protocole no 3 qui détermine les règles d'origine et prévoit le cumul de l'origine entre l'Union européenne, l'Islande, la Suisse (y compris le Liechtenstein), la Norvège, la Turquie, les Îles Féroé et les participants au processus de Barcelone, à savoir l'Algérie, l'Égypte, Israël, la Jordanie, le Liban, le Maroc, la Palestine (2), la Syrie et la Tunisie.
 (2)
 L'article 39 du protocole no 3 dispose que le comité mixte prévu à l'article 30 de l'accord peut décider de modifier les dispositions dudit protocole.
 (3)
 La convention régionale sur les règles d'origine préférentielles paneuro-méditerranéennes (3) (ci-après dénommée «convention») vise à remplacer les protocoles relatifs aux règles d'origine actuellement en vigueur entre les pays de la zone paneuro-méditerranéenne par un acte juridique unique.
 (4)
 L'Union européenne et l'Islande ont respectivement signé la convention le 15 juin 2011 et le 30 juin 2011.
 (5)
 L'Union européenne et l'Islande ont déposé leurs instruments d'acceptation auprès du dépositaire de la convention respectivement le 26 mars 2012 et le 12 mars 2012. En conséquence, conformément à son article 10, paragraphe 3, la convention est entrée en vigueur le 1er mai 2012 aussi bien pour l'Union européenne que pour l'Islande.
 (6)
 Les participants au processus de stabilisation et d'association et la République de Moldavie ont été inclus dans la zone paneuro-méditerranéenne de cumul de l'origine par la convention.
 (7)
 Il convient dès lors de modifier le protocole no 3 à l'accord de manière à faire référence à la convention,
 A ADOPTÉ LA PRÉSENTE DÉCISION:
 Article premier
 Le protocole no 3 à l'accord, relatif à la définition de la notion de «produits originaires» et aux méthodes de coopération administrative, est remplacé par le texte figurant à l'annexe de la présente décision.
 Article 2
 La présente décision entre en vigueur le jour de son adoption.
 Elle s'applique à compter du 1er mai 2015.
 Fait à Bruxelles, le 17 février 2016.
 Par le Comité mixte
 Le président
 Petros SOURMELIS
 (1) JO L 301 du 31.12.1972, p. 2.
 (2) Cette dénomination ne saurait être interprétée comme une reconnaissance d'un État de Palestine et est sans préjudice de la position de chaque État membre sur cette question.
 (3) JO L 54 du 26.2.2013, p. 4.
 ANNEXE
 Protocole no 3
 relatif à la définition de la notion de «produits originaires» et aux méthodes de coopération administrative
 Article premier
 Règles d'origine applicables
 Aux fins de la mise en œuvre du présent accord, l'appendice I et les dispositions pertinentes de l'appendice II de la convention régionale sur les règles d'origine préférentielles paneuro-méditerranéennes (1) (ci-après dénommée «convention») s'appliquent.
 Toutes les références à l'«accord pertinent» dans l'appendice I et dans les dispositions pertinentes de l'appendice II de la convention s'entendent comme renvoyant au présent accord.
 Article 2
 Règlement des différends
 Lorsque des différends survenus à l'occasion des contrôles visés à l'article 32 de l'appendice I de la convention ne peuvent être réglés entre les autorités douanières ayant sollicité le contrôle et celles responsables de sa réalisation, ils sont soumis au comité mixte.
 Dans tous les cas, le règlement des différends entre l'importateur et les autorités douanières du pays d'importation s'effectue conformément à la législation dudit pays.
 Article 3
 Modifications du protocole
 Le comité mixte peut décider de modifier les dispositions du présent protocole.
 Article 4
 Dénonciation de la convention
 1. Si l'Union européenne ou l'Islande notifie par écrit au dépositaire de la convention son intention de dénoncer la convention conformément à l'article 9 de ladite convention, l'Union et l'Islande engagent immédiatement des négociations sur les règles d'origine aux fins de la mise en œuvre du présent accord.
 2. Jusqu'à l'entrée en vigueur de ces règles d'origine nouvellement négociées, les règles d'origine figurant à l'appendice I et, le cas échéant, les dispositions pertinentes de l'appendice II de la convention, applicables au moment de la dénonciation, continuent de s'appliquer au présent accord. Toutefois, à compter de la dénonciation, les règles d'origine figurant à l'appendice I et, le cas échéant, les dispositions pertinentes de l'appendice II de la convention sont interprétées de manière à permettre un cumul bilatéral entre l'Union européenne et l'Islande uniquement.
 Article 5
 Dispositions transitoires — Cumul
 Nonobstant l'article 16, paragraphe 5, et l'article 21, paragraphe 3, de l'appendice I de la convention, lorsque le cumul ne concerne que les États de l'AELE, les Îles Féroé, l'Union européenne, la Turquie, les participants au processus de stabilisation et d'association et la République de Moldavie, la preuve de l'origine peut être un certificat de circulation des marchandises EUR.1 ou une déclaration d'origine.
 (1) JO L 54 du 26.2.2013, p. 4.


type: other

text:
Ollscoil na Erlangen Nuremberg - Déan staidéar thar lear san Eoraip
 Ollscoil na Erlangen Nuremberg
 Ollscoil Erlangen Nuremberg Sonraí
 Cathair : Erlangen
 acrainm : FAU
 Bunaithe : 1742
 Daltai (thart.) : 40000
 Ná déan dearmad a plé a dhéanamh ar Ollscoil Erlangen Nuremberg
 Enroll ag Ollscoil Erlangen Nuremberg
 Tá Ollscoil Erlangen Nuremberg ollscoil taighde poiblí i gcathracha Erlangen agus Nuremberg sa Bhaváir, An Ghearmáin. an t-ainm Friedrich-Alexander thagann as na hollscoile chéad bunaitheoir Friedrich, Margrave na Brandenburg-Bayreuth, agus a sóghníomhach Christian Frederick Charles Alexander, Margrave na Brandenburg-Ansbach.
 Sa Ghearmáin, Ní gá traidisiúnta ollscoileanna ealaíon liobrálacha bhfuil scoil innealtóireachta nó an roinn de ghnáth. ach, dhéanann FAU bhfuil dámh innealtóireachta ar leith.
 Is FAU an ollscoil stáit dara ceann is mó sa stát Bhaváir. tá sé 5 dámha, 23 ranna / scoileanna, 30 ranna cliniciúla, 19 ranna uathrialacha, 656 Ollúna, 3,404 daoine den fhoireann acadúil agus thart 13,000 fostaithe.
 I seimeastar gheimhridh 2014/15 thart 39,085 daltai (san áireamh 3,556 mic léinn eachtracha) cláraithe san ollscoil i 239 réimsí staidéir, le thart 2/3 ag déanamh staidéir ar an gcampas Erlangen agus an chuid eile 1/3 ar champas Nuremberg. Na staitisticí a chur ar FAU i liosta na barr 10 ollscoileanna is mó sa Ghearmáin.
 in 2013, 5251 mic léinn céim amach ó ollscoil agus 663 dochtúireacht agus 50 Cuireadh tráchtais iardhochtúireachta cláraithe. ina theannta sin, FAU fuair 171 milliún Euro (2013) mhaoiniú seachtrach sa bhliain chéanna, sí ar cheann de na hollscoileanna is láidre atá maoinithe tríú páirtí sa Ghearmáin.
 in 2006 agus 2007, mar chuid den tionscnamh feabhais náisiúnta, Roghnaíodh FAU ag an bhForas na Gearmáine um Thaighde mar cheann de na buaiteoirí sa Tionscnamh Feabhais Gearmáine Ollscoileanna. Is FAU ina bhall den DFG (Fondúireacht Taighde Gearmáinis) agus na Bainisteoirí Barr Tionsclaíoch don ghréasán na hEorpa.
 I Acadúil Rangú Ollscoileanna Domhanda don bhliain 2014, FAU dara háit i measc ollscoileanna na Gearmáine san Innealtóireacht / Teicneolaíocht agus Eolaíochtaí Ríomhaireachta grúpa do na ceithre paraiméadair rangú BARR, CRAIC, hici agus PUB.
 Dámh na nDaonnachtaí, Eolaíochtaí Sóisialta, agus Diagacht
 Dámh an Ghnó, Eacnamaíocht, agus Dlí
 Dámh na nEolaíochtaí
 Dámh na hInnealtóireachta
 1743 - Tá an Ollscoil bhunaigh Margrave Friedrich na Brandenburg-Bayreuth
 Bunaíodh an Ollscoil in Erlangen i spiorad na absolutism enlightened. An fheidhm na n-ollscoileanna na Gearmáine san ochtú haois déag a bhí chun freastal ar riachtanais na principalities leor ag forálacha maidir le hoideachas agus le hoiliúint de státseirbhísigh a dhéanamh chun cur le dea-cháil na prionsaí.
 Bhí sé seo freisin an príomh-fhoinse spreagadh do Margrave Friedrich na Brandenburg-Bayreuth a bhunaigh an Friedrichs-Universität fhlaitheas in 1743 le cúnamh Margravess Wilhelmine agus an chéad Seansailéir na hOllscoile, daniel Superville.
 Tá sé go raibh an tríú ollscoil atá le bunú i Franconia, tar éis na hollscoileanna na Altdorf agus Würzburg, agus bhí sé bunaithe i gcathair impiriúil na Erlangen sa ridire iar acadamh suite ar Hauptstrasse. Bhí oscailt oifigiúil na hOllscoile ar siúl ar 4 samhain 1743, imeacht atá fós comóradh gach bliain ag an academicus bás.
 1769 - Tá an Ollscoil leathnaithe ag Margrave Alexander
 Ina laethanta tosaigh, bhí an Ollscoil i Erlangen cheann de na hinstitiúidí is lú dá leithéid. Iomlán de 64 Cláraíodh mic léinn ag Ollscoil nua sa bhliain ar a bunaíodh é agus á múineadh ag 16 Ollúna; fhan an meánlíon daltaí ag thart 200 ar feadh tamaill.
 bhí marcáilte ar an chéad cúpla scór bliain ann na hOllscoile ag fadhbanna eacnamaíochta ó bhí an margraviate na Brandenburg-Bayreuth réasúnta beag agus nach bhfuil saibhir go háirithe. Ní raibh sé go dtí 1769, nuair a fuair bás ar an líne Bayreuth amach agus aontaithe an margraviate na Brandenburg-Bayreuth leis sin de Brandenburg-Ansbach, gur tugadh Friedrichs-Universität bonn airgeadais níos soladach. In onóir Margrave Alexander, an rialóir nua, a bhí chomh maith le bheith ar dtús phátrún mór na hOllscoile, Athainmníodh an Ollscoil Friedrich-Alexander-Universität sa bhliain chéanna.
 An raon traidisiúnta disciplíní múineadh laistigh dámha Diagacht, Dlí, Leigheas agus Fealsúnacht. Seachas an Pálás Hohenzollern a, mar baile chun an Dowager, ach bhí ról poiblí imeallach, an chathair bheag margravial de Erlangen raibh tábhachtacha polaitiúla, institiúidí eacnamaíochta nó cultúrtha, agus Ollúna na hOllscoile a fuarthas anois stádas nach beag sa tsochaí na cathrach.
 1810 - Thiocfaidh chun bheith Franconia chuid na Baváire
 Caoga bliain tar éis a bunaíodh é, Ollscoil ndearnadh athrú mór mar thoradh ar upheaval polaitiúil. An t-aistriú na cumhachta don choróin Prúise in 1792, leis an Impireacht na Fraince in 1806 agus ar deireadh leis an choróin Bavarian i 1810 chlaochlú an Ollscoil margravial ina hinstitiúid stát-reáchtáil. Cé gur chiallaigh gur chaill sé i bhfad ar a neamhspleáchas, ar nós a dhlínse féin agus na pribhléidí speisialta a deonaíodh don saoránach ollscoile, feabhas freisin airgeadas na hOllscoile.
 Bhí méadú tagtha ar líon na mac léinn agus d'fhan seasta ag thart ar 400 ag an am seo. Na pleananna a lárú oideachas ollscoile in Ollscoil Landshut, arna leagan síos ag an Aire Bavarian Stáit, Maximilian Joseph Montgelas, Chiallaigh sé sin go ag tús an ochtú haois déag a bhí i mbaol thodhchaí na hOllscoile níos mó ná uair amháin. dlite sí go mairfeadh sí ar deireadh thiar ar an bhfíric go raibh an dámh amháin diagacht Protastúnach sa Bhaváir. Dá mbeadh sé seo nach bhfuil ar aghaidh de bheith ann, na scoláirí Bavarian diagacht Protastúnach, a bhfuil uimhreacha bhí méadú suntasach mar gheall ar chomhtháthú le déanaí Franconia s Bavaria isteach, Bheadh curtha éigean chun staidéar lasmuigh Bhaváir.
 1818 - Is é an Schloss bhronn hoifigiúil ar an Ollscoil
 in 1818, fuair an Ollscoil líon suntasach de na foirgnimh nua. Tar éis bhás Sophie Caroline, an dara bean chéile an bunaitheoir na hOllscoile, Bhí cónaí ar a i Erlangen mar a Dowager ó 1764, Rí Maximilian I Joseph na Baváire bhronn an Schloss, an Schlossgarten, an orangery agus eile foirgnimh faoi úinéireacht roimhe sin ag an margraves don Ollscoil.
 chonaic an chéad leath den naoú haois déag freisin leasú mór Wilhelm von Humboldt ar an gcoincheap an oideachais ollscoile, inar mhol sé an meascán de thaighde agus teagasc. Léachtaí a bhí dírithe roimhe ar chur chuige docht exegetic chun oibreacha caighdeánach dírithe anois ar an modheolaíocht staidéir acadúil agus treoir i dtreo taighde neamhspleách.
 1824 - Tá Universitätsklinikum Erlangen fothaithe
 Tógáil an Ospidéil Erlangen Ollscoile, an t-ospidéal sa chuid thoir den Schlossgarten, Cuireadh an chéad tionscadal tógála mór a rinne an Ollscoil agus cuireadh i gcrích i 1824. An forbairt go mear i dtreo idirdhealú ag fás idir na hábhair, agus na réimsí taighde nua sa leigheas agus sna heolaíochtaí sa dara leath den naoú haois déag bhí gá tógáil foirgneamh nua iomadúla ar fud an Schlossgarten agus feadh Universitätsstraße, a tháinig chun bheith ina croí na hOllscoile. Is iad na foirgnimh is suntasaí ón tréimhse seo Kollegienhaus (1889), an anatamaíocht agus paiteolaíochta foirgnimh (1897 agus 1906) agus Leabharlann na hOllscoile (1913).
 1890 - Tá an Ollscoil ar an meán de míle mac léinn
 Leathnú i méid a chuaigh lámh ar láimh le bunú ranna nua go leor le hinstitiúidí laistigh díobh a, seachas na ranna, Ní mhúintear hamháin disciplíní acadúla ach freisin a rinneadh taighde neamhspleách. Mhéadaigh líon na mac léinn freisin suntasach sa dara leath den naoú haois déag. I seimeastar samhradh 1890, líon na mac léinn cláraithe topped an 1000 marc don chéad uair,
 rud a chiallaíonn go rangaithe an Ollscoil líon 15 i measc na 21 ollscoileanna san Impireacht na Gearmáine ó thaobh méide. Fhorbairt seo freisin athrú ó bhonn ar an gcaidreamh idir an Ollscoil agus an chathair. De bharr an méid go raibh íomhá Erlangen san ochtú haois déag Shocraigh na ceirdeanna nÚgóineach agus ceardaíocht, sa naoú haois déag thosaigh an Ollscoil a ról níos suntasaí.
 I measc na Ollúna is cáiliúla a mhúin san Ollscoil bhí an diagaire Adolf von Harless, an dlíodóir Críostaí de luck, an ollamh na míochaine Franz Penzoldt, an staraí Karl Hegel, an fealsamh Ludwig Feuerbach, an ollamh Gearmáinise Benno von Wiese, an ollamh le staidéar oirthearacha agus an file Friedrich Rückert, an matamaiticeoir Max Noether, an fisiceoir Eilhard Wiedemann, na poitigéirí Emil agus Otto Fischer, an luibheolaí Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber, na cógaiseoirí Theodor agus Ernst Martius, an zoologist Enoch Zander, agus an gheolaí Bruno von Freyberg.
 Tá cuid de mhic léinn cáiliúil Erlangen 's san áireamh leis an theologist Wilhelm Lohe, an dlíodóir agus státaire Prussian Karl Freiherr von Stein go Altenstein, an dochtúir Samuel Hahnemann, na scríbhneoirí Heinrich Wackenroder, Ludwig Tieck, Daniel Schubart agus Lúnasa Graf von Platen, an poitigéir Lipsius von Liebig, an fisiceoir Georg Simon Ohm agus an matamaiticeoir Emmi Noether.
 1920 - Éiríonn an Pro-reachtaire an Reachtaire
 An ráig den Chéad Chogadh Domhanda i 1914 Bhí tionchar nach beag ar an Ollscoil. Ar an gcéad lá d'slógadh, an Kollegienhaus , bhí thiontú na ranna Schloss agus roinnt ag Universitätsklinikum Erlangen i ospidéil le haghaidh an lucht créachtaithe. Timpeall bhí tionchar trí cheathrú de na daltaí trí coinscríobh nó rollú deonach. Mar thoradh air seo titim ollmhór i líon na mac léinn a lean staidéar. I rith na blianta cogaidh a bhí ann de ghnáth ach thart 300 mic léinn i láthair in Erlangen.
 Na himeachtaí an Réabhlóid Bavarian na 1918 agus 1919 agus díothú dhiaidh sin ar an monarcacht Chiallaigh sé sin an teideal 'Reachtaire Magnificentissimus' a bhí rugadh roimhe sin ag an monarc rialú imithe anois. Beartaíodh mar sin an oifig Pro-reachtaire athrú go 'Reachtaire (Magnificus)'in 1920. Mar an gcéanna, an téarma 'Pro-reachtaire' in áit an teideal roimhe Exprorektor '. Don chuid is mó mac léinn, na blianta díreach tar éis an Chéad Chogadh Domhanda a bhí marcáilte ag an mbochtaineacht agus tháinig go leor mac léinn ó chúlraí bochta ar an Ollscoil le súil a thógáil todhchaí nua dóibh féin in ainneoin a gcuid scolaíochta measartha.
 Boilsciú agus na féimheachta na n-eagraíochtaí scoláireachta iomadúla a leanas le n-plight. A bunaíodh sa Cuireadh an Coiste Ionadaithe na Mac Léinn 1919 agus leanadh i 1922 ag a bhfuil anois an Studentenwerk (Seirbhísí do Mhic Léinn) a, i 1930, d'oscail an Studentenhaus a sheasann fós ar Langemarktplatz inniu. Ar an iomlán, mar sin féin, tar éis a fás tapa i lár an naoú haois déag, bhí na 1920í tréimhse marbhántacht don Ollscoil.
 1928 - Tá Dámh na nEolaíochtaí fothaithe
 An tábhacht mhéadaithe na heolaíochtaí nádúrtha go raibh chomh soiléir sa dara leath den naoú haois déag mar thoradh ar athrú ar struchtúr na hOllscoile. in 1928, Bhí scartha na heolaíochtaí nádúrtha as an méid a bhí ansin an Dámh na nDaonnachtaí agus na nEolaíochtaí Sóisialta agus tugadh stádas dáimhe dá gcuid féin.
 1933 - Titeann neamhspleáchas na hOllscoile chreiche chun Sóisialachas Náisiúnta
 Tá aeráid nationalistic thuairim bhí cheana féin go soiléir i bhfianaise in Ollscoil san Erlangen linn bPoblacht Weimar, agus i mí na Samhna 1929, an Cumann Gearmánach Náisiúnta na Mac Léinn Socialist fuarthas tromlach glan de na suíocháin sna toghcháin gCoiste Ionadaithe na Mac Léinn den chéad uair in aon ollscoil na Gearmáine. I rith na bliana d'deachtóireacht Nazi, Ní raibh Erlangen spared aon cheann de na himeachtaí a tharla chomh maith ag ollscoileanna eile, cosúil leis an dífhostú de Ollúna toilteanach ladhar an líne páirtí, na burnings leabhar na Bealtaine 1933, nó áireamh na n-ábhar a conformed leis an idé-eolaíocht Nazi, ar nós 'taighde cine'.
 Baineadh neamhspleáchas acadúil na hOllscoile i rith na tréimhse Naitsíoch agus an prionsabal Führer i bhfeidhm chomh maith leis an bunreacht ollscoile, mar a bhí an reachtaire thuilleadh tofa ag an gcomhlacht Ollaimh ach Cheap an Reichsminister gnóthaí acadúla. Mar a tharla in ollscoileanna ar fud an Ghearmáin ag an am, líon na mac léinn i Erlangen thit go mór mar thoradh ar an mbeartas oideachais Nazi.
 1945 - Má dhéantar an Ollscoil atógáil
 Faoi dheireadh an Dara Cogadh Domhanda, Ba Erlangen an baile ollscoil sa Ghearmáin, seachas Heidelberg, a bhí éalaigh beagnach go hiomlán scriosta. Mic léinn tháinig ar an Ollscoil nuair a thosaigh an teagasc sa seimeastar gheimhridh 1945/46, agus bhí cúig huaire oiread daltaí agus is roimh an gcogadh. De bharr an méid sa seimeastar tsamhraidh 1927 bhí ann 1340 mic léinn agus deich mbliana ina dhiaidh sin a bhí ann 967, ag an seimeastar tsamhraidh 1947, Bhí an Ollscoil 5316 daltai.
 ach, mar na hollscoileanna Gearmáine eile ar oscailt arís de réir a chéile a gcuid doirse, na huimhreacha i Erlangen thosaigh titim arís ag druidim le deireadh na 1950í, ionas go mbeidh ag an seimeastar gheimhridh 1956/57, Ba Erlangen an ollscoil is lú in Iarthar na Gearmáine.
 An Ollscoil ag teastáil anois chun go leor foirgnimh nua go dtí teach ar fad a ranna agus institiúidí a chur ar fáil. In iarracht a chaomhnú charachtar na hOllscoile lena foirgnimh aonair cnuasaithe le chéile i lár na cathrach, Ní raibh na foirgnimh nua a tógadh ar shuíomh an gcampas scoite ó lár an bhaile, mar a tharla in áiteanna eile, ach tógadh ina áit sin ar éagsúlacht na láithreán lárnacha a d'fhóin roimhe sin chun críocha eile.
 Ba é seo an cás leis na bheairic d'aois i Bismarckstraße, i gcás coimpléasc nua dlí, diagacht, daonnachtaí agus sna heolaíochtaí sóisialta nochtadh i 1953. Tuilleadh foirgnimh nua ina dhiaidh sin i lár na cathrach, go háirithe do Dhámh an Leighis, ar nós an Roinn Neurosurgery in 1978, a tógadh ar Schwabachanlage áit a raibh sheas an gclinic síciatrach cheana.
 An leathnú ba shuntasaí a bhí ar siúl in Ollscoil sna 1960í bhí i réimse na hinnealtóireachta. gá go mbeadh an iar-chogaidh a nuachóiriú ar fáil an spreagadh a chur ar roinn innealtóireachta, ar mian leo a bhí curtha in iúl chomh luath agus is 1903. Fhoireann ag an Dámh na nEolaíochtaí iúl anois ar an gá atá le dáimhe neamhspleách d'innealtóireacht leictreach agus mheicniúil, tugadh an tacaíocht an Seanad in 1957.
 1961 - Dámh an Ghnó, Eacnamaíocht agus Eolaíochtaí Sóisialta fothaithe
 Go gairid tar éis na breiseanna, an Ollscoil leathnaithe i dtreo éagsúla ag ionchorprú an coláiste municipally-mhaoinithe gnó, eacnamaíocht agus sóisialta heolaíochtaí i Nuremberg, a bunaíodh sa bhliain 1919, isteach sa hOllscoile chun an méid a bhí ansin a séú dámh. As sin amach na hOllscoile ghlac an t-ainm faoina bhfuil sé ar eolas lá atá inniu ann, Ollscoil Erlangen-Nuremberg.
 Múineadh na eacnamaíocht agus riarachán gnó, a bhí go dtí imir an bpointe ach ról beag i méid a bhí ansin an Dámh na nDaonnachtaí agus na nEolaíochtaí Sóisialta i Erlangen, D'fhéadfaí a dhéanamh anois ar scála i bhfad níos mó ar a láithreán féin in Nuremberg. Seo gcónascadh luathaithe an fás i líon na mac léinn a shroich buaic nua ag deireadh na 1960í.
 1966 - Tá Dámh na hInnealtóireachta fothaithe
 in 1962, i ndiaidh díospóireachta fada, an pharlaimint Bavarian cinneadh déanta faoi dheireadh bhunú Dámh na hInnealtóireachta in Erlangen. Maidir leis seo, Bhí an bua an Ollscoil amach i gcoinne an chathair na Nuremberg a bhí ag iarraidh go ollscoil teicniúil a bhunú i Nuremberg ar feadh na mblianta.
 Ós rud é nach raibh na ceantair expansive talún ag teastáil le haghaidh tionscadal tógála ar fáil i lár Erlangen, Cuireadh leag an bonn do champas ollscoile nua in oirdheisceart na cathrach i 1964. Bunú foirmiúil an Dámh na hInnealtóireachta, a tháinig an seachtú dámh ag FAU ag an am, bhí ar siúl i 1966. Ag an am seo, bhí an Ollscoil an t-aon institiúid sa Ghearmáin le roinne innealtóireachta comhtháthaíodh isteach sna struchtúir atá ann ollscoile taighde clasaiceach agus ní ar bun mar ollscoil neamhspleách.
 1968 - Forbraíonn an ghluaiseacht na mac léinn
 ag FAU, mar atá in áiteanna, Rinneadh na blianta ina dhiaidh sin is mó atá ag an ghluaiseacht na mac léinn, gluaiseacht a bhí go bhfuil a leithéid éifeachtaí fada buan ar an saol acadúil. An agóidí mac léinn, a chuaigh i bhfeidhm ollscoileanna ar fud na Gearmáine, bhí ar dtús freagra ar cheisteanna a bhí amháin ollscoil bhaineann, amhail coinníollacha staidéir droch. in 1969, D'fhás an ghluaiseacht na mac léinn níos radacaí agus tháinig chun bheith ina ionstraim bhfreasúra in aghaidh an córas polaitiúil i gcoitinne. I gcomhar le grúpaí sóisialta eile, D'fhás sé seo i cad a bhí ar a dtugtar an ghluaiseacht fhreasúra seach-parlaiminte.
 Bhí achrann mór, go háirithe sa díospóireacht thar an tAcht Bavarian Ardoideachais na 1974, codanna díobh cosc ionadaí mac léinn ó sainordú polaitiúil ginearálta fheidhmiú, agus thar an tAcht Gearmáine Ardoideachais na 1976. Na blianta dhéanamh chomh maith faoi go leor athruithe íomhá phoiblí na hOllscoile, mar a bhí deireadh leis go leor traidisiúin seanbhunaithe. Bhí deireadh a Ollúna caitheamh gowns agus, i 1968, an ceiliúradh ar Lá Founder ar, an 'bás academicus', atá go dtí sin bhí ar siúl i splendor Bharócach na Redoutensaal, aistríodh chuig an ambience in áit níos lú flamboyant an Maximus Halla Éisteachta gcás ina bhfuil sé ar siúl ó shin i leith.
 1972 - Tá Dámh an Oideachais fothaithe
 Bunaíodh an Dámh an Oideachais in 1972, éirí ochtú dámh na hOllscoile ag an am. D'fhás sé amach as an Institiúid um Oiliúint Múinteoirí bunaíodh i 1956 agus níos déanaí uasghrádú 1958 a bheith ar an Ollscoil Oideachais Nuremberg, coláiste oiliúna múinteoirí, sular ceapadh ina dáimhe ag FAU. De réir 2007, Bhí an Ollscoil 11 dámha, mar Dhámh na nDaonnachtaí agus na nEolaíochtaí Sóisialta Roinneadh ina dhá dhámh neamhspleách agus bhí doirte an Dámh na nEolaíochtaí i dtrí cinn eile.
 FAU shroich cloch mhíle nua sa seimeastar gheimhridh 1991/92 Cathain, don chéad uair, Bhí sé thar 30,000 daltai. Go dtí lár an naoú haois déag, thart 40 faoin gcéad de na mic léinn a bhí cláraithe sa dámha Diagachta agus an Dlí, ach ag tosú sa dara leath den fhichiú haois tarraingíodh céatadán mór de dhaonra na mac léinn i dtreo na disciplíní nua innealtóireachta agus riarachán gnó, eacnamaíocht agus sóisialta heolaíochtaí.
 2000 - A chur ar athchóirithe nua ar siúl
 Ag tús an aonú haois, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg é ag tabhairt aghaidhe ar dhúshláin nua. An síneadh ar an bhfoirgneamh ar an Südgelände (gcampas theas) agus tógáil foirgnimh nua i lár na cathrach ag athrú faoi láthair ar an cuma fhisiciúil na hOllscoile. in 2000, an Fiebiger Lárionad Nikolaus na Míochaine Móilíní ar Glückstraße ionad an sean-fhoirgneamh fisice agus 2001 osclaíodh Champas nua Röthelheim ar shuíomh na beairice airtléire aois. Cuireadh tús leis an chéad chéim na tógála don ionad nua neamh-máinliachta i 2002.
 Bhí an Ollscoil mear chun an t-athrú go dtí na céimeanna Baitsiléara agus Máistreachta nua mar atá forordaithe ag an Stát Bavarian Aireacht nEolaíochtaí feidhme, Taighde agus na hEalaíona, agus na cláir chéime in áit an iar cláir Diplom agus Magister faoi dheireadh na deich mbliana.
 Ina theannta sin, d'fhonn an staid iomaíochta ar scála idirnáisiúnta a choinneáil agus freastal ar dhúshláin na todhchaí, an Seanad vótáil 7 Feabhra 2007 a chur i gcrích leasú cuimsitheach ar struchtúr na hOllscoile. Dá réir sin, sa seimeastar gheimhridh 2007/08, atheagraíodh na dámha cheann déag sna cúig dámha a bhfuil an Ollscoil inniu. Tá na dámha a fo-roinnte ina ranna a bhfuil struchtúir inmheánacha a ceapadh chun comhoibrithe atá ann faoi láthair a neartú agus deiseanna do na cinn nua a chruthú.
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