A Configurable $\mu $ VPP With Managed Energy Services: A Malmo Western Harbour Case
This paper describes an exemplar precommercial micro virtual power plant (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>VPP) that has been successfully commissioned and operating since July 2014 in Malmo, Sweden. The embedded home energy management system concurrently manages downstream assets within a typical residential community of multiple apartments and delivers different energy services that benefit both end-users and system operators. A fuzzy logic-based generic algorithm is developed to accommodate different types of services with the appreciation of system constraints. Each managed energy service is demonstrated in terms of its function, the level of utilization for asset capacity, and the economic benefit to participants. It addresses the viability of mass-market promotion for this <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>VPP by establishing a detailed business model for all participants in the energy portfolio.