A new method for incorporating load pickup as a control means for standing phase angle reduction in power system restoration
A mixed-integer nonlinear programming model is proposed in this paper for reducing excessive standing phase angle difference (SPA) across open circuit breakers in transmission loop paralleling operation. The model adopts both the active power generation increment and the load switch as control variables and takes the relative importance of the loads to be restored into account, resulting in fewer rescheduled generators and less adjustment of active power generation. The condition for transmission loop paralleling operation can be reached from two ways of reducing generator adjustment time and optimally restoring load. The method can improve power restoration efficiency, speed up restoration progress, and hence reduce the loss of outage. Simulation results of New England 10-machine 39-bus test system demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.