Emission-Concerned Wind-EV Coordination on the Transmission Grid Side With Network Constraints: Concept and Case Study
This paper presents a study of emission-concerned wind-electric vehicle (EV) coordination on the transmission grid side. An aggregator model representing a cluster of controllable EVs is proposed, and is coordinated with large-scale wind power on the transmission side. Using these EV aggregators, a conceptual framework is developed for wind-EV coordination, based on a three-level hierarchy. At the top level, the control center determines the optimal plant outputs and EV charging strategies from the proposed wind-EV dispatch model, where emission costs, thermal plant generation, controllable EVs, and CO2 capture power plants are taken into account and set as multi-objectives. The time-varying number of EV connections, plant ramp rate limits, and network constraints, including interface and branch transmission capacities, are also considered in the model. The model is used to verify the benefits of wind-EV coordination in an IEEE 14-bus system. Compared with uncoordinated charging, wind curtailment, emissions, total optimized cost, and EV charging fees are all greatly reduced by coordination. Moreover, interface transmission capacity and discharging price are found to be important factors in coordination, and the impacts are investigated.