Face recognition with temporal invariance: A 3D aging model
The variation caused by aging has not received adequate attention compared with pose, lighting, and expression variations. Aging is a complex process that affects both the 3D shape of the face and its texture (e.g., wrinkles). While the facial age modeling has been widely studied in computer graphics community, only a few studies have been reported in computer vision literature on age-invariant face recognition. We propose an automatic aging simulation technique that can assist any existing face recognition engine for aging-invariant face recognition. We learn the aging patterns of shape and the corresponding texture in 3D domain by adapting a 3D morphable model to the 2D aging database (public domain FG-NET). At recognition time, each probe and all gallery images are modified to compensate for the age-induced variation using an intermediate 3D model deformation and a texture modification, prior to matching. The proposed approach is evaluated on a set of age-separated probe and gallery data using a state-of-the-art commercial face recognition engine, FaceVACS. Use of 3D aging model improves the rank-1 matching accuracy on FG-NET database from 28.0% to 37.8%, on average.