A Wearable Virtual Usher for Vision-Based Cognitive Indoor Navigation
Inspired by progresses in cognitive science, artificial intelligence, computer vision, and mobile computing technologies, we propose and implement a wearable virtual usher for cognitive indoor navigation based on egocentric visual perception. A novel computational framework of cognitive wayfinding in an indoor environment is proposed, which contains a context model, a route model, and a process model. A hierarchical structure is proposed to represent the cognitive context knowledge of indoor scenes. Given a start position and a destination, a Bayesian network model is proposed to represent the navigation route derived from the context model. A novel dynamic Bayesian network (DBN) model is proposed to accommodate the dynamic process of navigation based on real-time first-person-view visual input, which involves multiple asynchronous temporal dependencies. To adapt to large variations in travel time through trip segments, we propose an online adaptation algorithm for the DBN model, leading to a self-adaptive DBN. A prototype system is built and tested for technical performance and user experience. The quantitative evaluation shows that our method achieves over 13% improvement in accuracy as compared to baseline approaches based on hidden Markov model. In the user study, our system guides the participants to their destinations, emulating a human usher in multiple aspects.