Low Carbon Virtual Private Clouds
Data center energy efficiency and carbon footprint reduction have attracted a great deal of attention across the world for some years now, and recently more than ever. Live Virtual Machine (VM) migration is a prominent solution for achieving server consolidation in Local Area Network (LAN) environments. With the introduction of live Wide Area Network (WAN) VM migration, however, the challenge of energy efficiency extends from a single data center to a network of data centers. In this paper, intelligent live migration of VMs within a WAN is used as a reallocation tool to minimize the overall carbon footprint of the network. We provide a formulation to calculate carbon footprint and energy consumption for the whole network and its components, which will be helpful for customers of a provider of cleaner energy cloud services. Simulation results show that using the proposed Genetic Algorithm (GA)-based method for live VM migration can significantly reduce the carbon footprint of a cloud network compared to the consolidation of individual data center servers. In addition, the WAN data center consolidation results show that an optimum solution for carbon reduction is not necessarily optimal for energy consumption, and vice versa. Also, the simulation platform was tested under heavy and light VM loads, the results showing the levels of improvement in carbon reduction under different loads.