Multimedia content analysis-using both audio and visual clues
Multimedia content analysis refers to the computerized understanding of the semantic meanings of a multimedia document, such as a video sequence with an accompanying audio track. With a multimedia document, its semantics are embedded in multiple forms that are usually complimentary of each other, Therefore, it is necessary to analyze all types of data: image frames, sound tracks, texts that can be extracted from image frames, and spoken words that can be deciphered from the audio track. This usually involves segmenting the document into semantically meaningful units, classifying each unit into a predefined scene type, and indexing and summarizing the document for efficient retrieval and browsing. We review advances in using audio and visual information jointly for accomplishing the above tasks. We describe audio and visual features that can effectively characterize scene content, present selected algorithms for segmentation and classification, and review some testbed systems for video archiving and retrieval. We also describe audio and visual descriptors and description schemes that are being considered by the MPEG-7 standard for multimedia content description.