Audio-visual speaker detection using dynamic Bayesian networks
The development of human-computer interfaces poses a challenging problem: actions and intentions of different users have to be inferred from sequences of noisy and ambiguous sensory data. Temporal fusion of multiple sensors can be efficiently formulated using dynamic Bayesian networks (DBN). The DBN framework allows the power of statistical inference and learning to be combined with contextual knowledge of the problem. We demonstrate the use of DBN in tackling the problem of audio/visual speaker detection. "Off-the-shelf" visual and audio sensors (face, skin, texture, mouth motion, and silence detectors) are optimally fused along with contextual information in a DBN architecture that infers instances when an individual is speaking. Results obtained in the setup of an actual human-machine interaction system (Genie Casino Kiosk) demonstrate superiority of our approach over that of static, context-free fusion architecture.