Model-Driven Feedforward Prediction for Manipulation of Deformable Objects
Robotic manipulation of deformable objects is a difficult problem especially because of the complexity of the many different ways an object can deform. Searching such a high-dimensional state space makes it difficult to recognize, track, and manipulate deformable objects. In this paper, we introduce a predictive, model-driven approach to address this challenge, using a precomputed, simulated database of deformable object models. Mesh models of common deformable garments are simulated with the garments picked up in multiple different poses under gravity, and stored in a database for fast and efficient retrieval. To validate this approach, we developed a comprehensive pipeline for manipulating clothing as in a typical laundry task. First, the database is used for category and the pose estimation is used for a garment in an arbitrary position. A fully featured 3-D model of the garment is constructed in real time, and volumetric features are then used to obtain the most similar model in the database to predict the object category and pose. Second, the database can significantly benefit the manipulation of deformable objects via nonrigid registration, providing accurate correspondences between the reconstructed object model and the database models. Third, the accurate model simulation can also be used to optimize the trajectories for the manipulation of deformable objects, such as the folding of garments. Extensive experimental results are shown for the above tasks using a variety of different clothings. Note to Practitioners—This paper provides an open source, extensible, 3-D database for dissemination to the robotics and graphics communities. Model-driven methods are proliferating, and they need to be applied, tested, and validated in real environments. A key idea we have exploited is to have an innovative and novel use of simulation. This database will serve as infrastructure for developing advanced robotic machine learning algorithms. We want to address this machine learning idea ourselves, but we expect the dissemination of the database to other researchers with different agendas and task applications, which will bring wide progress in this area. Our proposed methods, as mentioned earlier, can be easily applied to interrelated areas. One example is that the 3-D shape-based matching algorithm can be used for other objects, such as bottles, papers, and food. After integrating with other robotic systems, the use of the robot can be easily extended to other tasks, such as making food, cleaning room, and fetching objects, to assist our daily life.