Evolution of Intricate Long-Distance Communication Signals in Cellular Automata Using Genetic Programming
A cellular automata rule for the majority classification task was evolved using genetic programming with automatically defined functions. The genetically evolved rule has an accuracy of 82.326%. This level of accuracy exceeds that of the Gacs-Kurdyumov-Levin (GKL) rule, all other known human-written rules, and all other rules produced by known previous automated approaches. Our genetically evolved rule is qualitatively different from other rules in that it utilizes a finegrained internal representation of density information; it employs a large number of different domains and particles; and it uses an intricate set of signals for communicating information over large distances in time and space.