A Time-Reversal Paradigm for Indoor Positioning System
In an indoor environment, there commonly exist a large number of multipaths due to rich scatterers. These multipaths make the indoor positioning problem very challenging. The main reason is that most of the transmitted signals are significantly distorted by the multipaths before arriving at the receiver, which causes inaccuracies in the estimation of the positioning features such as the time of arrival (TOA) and the angle of arrival (AOA). On the other hand, the multipath effect can be very constructive when employed in the time-reversal (TR) radio transmission. By utilizing the uniqueness of the multipath profile at each location, TR can create a resonating effect of focusing the energy of the transmitted signal only onto the intended location, which is known as the spatial focusing effect. In this paper, we propose exploiting such a high-resolution focusing effect in the indoor positioning problem. Specifically, we propose a TR indoor positioning system (TRIPS) by utilizing the location-specific characteristic of multipaths. By doing so, we decompose the ill-posed single-access-point (AP) indoor positioning problem into two well-defined subproblems. The first subproblem is to create a database by mapping the physical geographical location with the logical location in the channel impulse response (CIR) space, whereas the second subproblem is to determine the real physical location by matching the estimated CIR with those in the database. To evaluate the performance of our proposed TRIPS, we build a prototype to conduct real experiments. The experimental results show that, with a single AP working in the 5.4-GHz band under the non-line-of-sight (NLOS) condition, our proposed TRIPS can achieve perfect 10-cm localization accuracy with zero-error rate within a 0.9 m by 1 m area of interest.