Simulation Of Autoregulatory And Baroreflex Effects On Cardiovascular Dynamics
The open-loop gains of systemic autoregulation and carotid baroreflex were incorporated into an analog model that characterizes the cardiovascular dynamics. Computer simulations showed that t he combined model accurately represents the mean aortic pressure vs. cardiac output relationships. The pressure-controlled baroregulation counteracts and slightly dominates the flow-controlled autoregulation. When cardiac output declines, ejection fraction is decreased by baroregulation and increased by autoregulation. The method provides a framework for studying the time-varying properties of hemodynamics and regulatory mechanisms.