2.
 Traditionally, Greece is characterized as a relatively closed economy with high trade deficits in the trade balance. In proportion to the small size of the economy, historically, our country has tended to export a lot of a small share of production and, more importantly, to import much more. And, while recently the gap between exports and imports seems to have narrowed considerably, the available data do not seem to confirm that this is due to a clear and steady shift in the economy towards extraversion, but rather to a contraction in domestic demand, which has equally affected imports. International experience shows that small economies, such as Greece tend to be more export-oriented than larger ones, to achieve stable and high growth rates. The limited scope of the domestic market makes it necessary to turn to foreign markets, as, on the one hand, it widens the market base for while at the same time reducing the risk of exposure to possible adverse demand shocks, due to the geographical dispersion of sales. In Greece, the limited exports, in proportion to in relation to the size of the economy, demonstrate characteristics of a highly closed economy. Comparing Greece's extroversion with other countries in the Europe, as reflected by the total number of trades as a percentage of GDP, the characterization of a small, closed economy seems to be confirmed. The fact that Greece is close to large economies, such as the United Kingdom or France, does not necessarily encouraging. Larger economies such as these can support the domestic economy demand to a fairly large extent without compromising on productivity. On the contrary, for small countries like Greece, expanding domestic production to meet domestic demand becomes counterproductive. A more appropriate comparison for Greece would be with smaller countries, such as Belgium, Estonia, the Netherlands, and Ireland.  These countries specialize their production and exports in economic activities in which they have a comparative advantage, which allows for a more efficient allocation of resources. The limited export activity, in conjunction with high import requirements, has historically led to a trade deficit which, before the crisis, had been steadily increasing - thus reflecting the steady deterioration in Greece's competitiveness. This structural lag, combined with the parallel continued decline in capital transfers, has led to an accumulation of significant deficits in the current account balance, which, in turn, led to high claims for foreign exchange, but also for foreign investment. In all countries that have set increasing exports as a key development priority, the state is called upon to play a decisive role, by facilitating or even actively supporting export activities. In Greece, following the findings of the crisis, the need for a long-term national strategy has becomes a matter of common awareness. In 2012, the National Strategy for Exports, which is based on three pillars: 1. Expanding the export base, i.e., the number of products and companies this means increasing the number of companies and the number of companies and companies that export. This includes the development of integrated sectoral policies, with institutional interventions, financial incentives using NSRF, etc, to increase the exportable production base of the country by sector. 2. Promotion of exports: Includes the restructuring of the relevant government departments, the creation of a national brand and overall support to companies in Greece, so that to focus on exports and to seek the aim is to concentrate on developing a strategy to focus on exporting and looking for foreign trade partners (international certifications/accreditations, packaging, labeling, branding, branding, marketing, networks distribution networks, clusters, etc.). 3. Facilitate foreign trade with emphasis on simplification of customs and customs procedures. Initiative focuses mainly on helping companies to easily develop cross-border trade activities through the rational organization of fast and digital procedures. Export enterprises continue to face several external barriers related to State and the individual institutions that have. The State and the various institutions are responsible for the task of supporting exports. These obstacles relate both to the first steps of an export effort, as well as in the subsequent of the project. The bureaucratic procedures in our country are the most serious obstacle, both in the early stages (51%) and today (47%). High taxation is the second most important obstacle, while the negative image of the country in the abroad was cited as a major obstacle by more. The negative image of the foreign country as the main obstacle to foreign trade is the most important factor for more than one in four enterprises. Social, political, and economic instability in the bureaucratic procedures in our country, the bureaucratic procedures in the destination country (particularly in the first steps), and bank financing issues, in combination the delay in VAT reimbursement, are also included among the main barriers. Indicative of the deteriorating external environment are high tax issues, but also socio-political instability in the country is currently the highest in our country in compared to the period when business started the export effort, while the percentage of those that they do not face any external obstacles has fallen to 9% from 17% in the previous year, during the period of the first export attempt. Of these problems reported by exporters are the main obstacles, the tax system, the country's image abroad and the economic and financial and political instability at home, are overwhelming of the scope of this research. It is obvious that reducing tax rates and establishing a stable and predictable and predictable tax framework are not only a matter of not only for export enterprises, but also for the country's broader development prospects. The same applies to the high social security contributions, which are a disincentive to employment and lead many competent executives to seek to work abroad. It is also clear that economic problems and socio-political instability, which have accompanied the particularly the first years of the fiscal adjustment, as well as the turbulent period of the 2015 negotiations, have created insurmountable problems for the day-to-day operation of businesses. At the same time, they damaged the country's image abroad and the confidence of businesses that confidence in dealing with Greek export companies. Particularly after the imposition of the capital tax controls, Greek exporters have struggled to ensure the proper functioning of their businesses, but also to convince their customers that they can ensure their uninterrupted supply, despite the problems of the domestic market. The full restoration of confidence is a function of a gradual improvement in the indicators of the Greek economy and, of course, the removal of the capital controls. At the same time, however, the improvement, the country's image requires the assumption of a broader initiative to promote and establish the Greek brand. 
Греция - это закрытая экономика, которая стремится к экспорту и импорту, но при этом стремится к тому, чтобы больше ориентироваться на внешние рынки. Это связано с тем, что Греция имеет ограниченный внутренний рынок и высокие импортные требования.